A Grammatical Dictionary of Botanical Latin

together: cf. both;

1. simul (adv.): at once, at the same time as (=eodem tempore); at the same time as, together with (in reference to composite terms);

- omnia conidiophora per cuticulam simul erumpentia, all the conidiophores bursting through the cuticle at the same time.

- flores simul e gemmis squamosis erumpentes, the flowers together breaking out of the scaly buds.

- duo pilei simul deliquescentes, the two pilei deliquescing at the same time.

- Te autem non tacebo Galliae simul et Germaniae decus, moreover I shall not pass over in silence you, at once the ornament of France and Germany [i.e. A. von Humboldt] (simul et = simul etiam, ‘and at the same time, and also).

- ad extremum axe ordinali atque ramis lateralibus simul habitu skeleti piscarii similibus, at the end by the ordinal axis and also the lateral branches together resembling the aspect of a fish skeleton.

2. of nouns connected by ‘cum’ (prep. + abl.): simul cum = una cum, ‘together with’

- appendiculum simul cum valva erumpens, the appendage breaking out together with the valve.

- elateres cum sporis simul dispersi, the elaters scattered together with the spores.

3. together, in company with: una (adv.); una (adv.) with cum (prep. + abl.):

- ciliis una cum appendiculis in membrana impositis, with the cilia together with the appendages situated on a membrane; ‘with the cilia at the same place with the appendages on a membrane situated.’

- sporae una maturescentes, the spores mature together.

- sepalis una cum petalis marchescentibus, with the sepals in company with (together with) the petals withering; with the sepals and the petals withering at the same time.

4. together with, with: cum (prep. + abl.);

- hyphae cum conidiis ex thallo orientes, the hyphae (together) with the conidia arising from the thallus.

- setae thecas cum calyptris gerentes, the setae bearing the thecae with the calyptrae.

- folia basalia cum petiolo breviusculo longitudine 1.5--2 pedum, ca. 1 cm lata, basal leaves together with the rather short petiole with the length of 1.5--2 feet long, ca. 1 cm wide.

- stylus exsertus curvatus, cum stigmate ad 2 cm. longus, ad 2 mm. latus, style exserted curved, including the stigma to 2 cm. long, 2 mm. broad (Stearn).

5. together, conjointly, jointly, in common: conjuncte (adv.), conjunctim (adv.); opp. disjuncte (adv.) ‘separately;’ see separately;

- petiolo et rhachidi conjuncte rectis vel arcuatis, with petiole and rhachis conjointly straight or arcuate.

6. ‘and also:’ atque (conj.);

- petiolo atque rhachidi rectis vel arcuatis, with petiole and also the rhachis straight or arcuate.

7. ‘inter se,’ ‘inter sese:’ (a notation that includes both the singular and plural) means ‘between’ or ‘among themselves’ and is often associated with a plural object subjected to a common verb or adjective; it may also be translated as ‘together;’ associated with verbs of uniting or joining ‘themselves together’ or differing between themselves;

- [fungi] sphaerulae inter se junctae videntur (S&A), the sphaerules appear jointed together.

Note: the plural adjectives convey the sense of the (singular) petiole and (singular) rhachis as 'both together.'