Palicourea Aubl. (Rubiaceae: Psychotrieae) Charlotte M. Taylor [webpage] Missouri Botanical Garden P.O. Box 299 St. Louis, MO 63166 Palicourea crocea in Puerto Rico Palicourea Aubl. includes in its traditional sense about 250 species of shrubs and small trees distributed widely in the New World tropics. Palicourea plants are typically found in the understory and subcanopy of moist to wet tropical forests, from low to high elevations. Palicourea flowers have well developed tubes and are odorless, mostly brightly colored, and assumed to be pollinated by hummingbirds, and its fleshy blue or purple-black fruits are dispersed by birds. Nearly all Palicourea species are distylous; this appears to be the ancestral condition for the genus, and it seems to have been lost in at least a few species on Caribbean islands (Taylor, 1993). Palicourea has not been surveyed as a whole since Schumann's review of the Rubiaceae (Schumann, 1891), although several regional treatments are available (Steyermark 1972, 1974; Bacigalupo 1952; Burger & Taylor 1993; Jung-Mendaçolli et al 2007; Taylor 1989, 1993, 2000, Taylor et al. 2007) and monographic work is in progress (Taylor, 1997). Palicourea is notable for the large number of apparently closely related species it includes, and for the frequent sympatric occurrence of several different species of Palicourea in a particular site. Palicourea is closely related to Psychotria subg. Heteropsychotria Steyerm., and in fact both morphological (Taylor, 1996) and molecular studies (Nepokroeff et al., 1999; Andersson, 2001; Andersson & Rova, 1999) show that Palicourea is polyphyletic and derived from within Subg. Heteropsychotria. These genera have been separated by their flower morphology: Palicourea has the usually colored flowers separated on developed pedicles, corollas with well developed tubes, abundant nectar, and other adaptations for hummingbird pollination, while Subg. Heteropsychotria generally has small white flowers that are pollinated by insects. Thus the reproductive characters that have been used to circumscribe Palicourea are plastic. Much work remains to be done in understanding species identities and relationships before these genera can be united in a meaningful fashion. The whole group takes the name Palicourea, and also includes species formerly called Cephaelis. References Andersson, L. 2001. Margaritopsis (Rubaiceae, Psychotrieae) is a pantropical genus. Syst. Geogr. Pl. 71: 73-85. Andersson, L. & J.H.E. Rova. 1999. The rps16 intron and the phylogeny of the Rubioideae (Rubiaceae). Pl. Syst. Evol. 214: 161-186. Bacigalupo, N. M. 1952. Las especies argentinas de los géneros Psychotria, Palicourea y Rudgea (Rubiaceae). Darwiniana 10: 31-64. Burger, W.C. & C.M. Taylor. 1993. Flora Costaricensis: Family #202. Rubiaceae. Fieldiana, Bot. n. s. 33: 1-333. Jung-Mendaçolli, S.L. et al. 2007. Rubiaceae. In: M.G.L. Wanderley, G.J. Shepherd, T.S. Melhem, & A.M. Giulietti. Flora Fanerogâmica do Estado de São Paulo 5: 259--460. Nepokroeff, M., B. Bremer & K.J. Sytsma. 1999. Reorganization of the genus Psychotria and tribe Psychotrieae (Rubiaceae) inferred from ITS and rbc L sequence data. Syst. Bot. 24: 5-27. Schumann, K. 1891. Rubiaceae. In: A. Engler & K. Prantl, eds., Die naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien 4(4): 1-156. Engelmann, Leipzig. Steyermark, J.A. 1972. Palicourea. In: B. M. Maguire & Collaborators, Flora of the Guayana Highlands. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 717-777. Steyermark, J.A. 1974. Rubiaceae. In: T. Lasser, ed., Flora de Venezuela 9: 1-2070. Instituto Botánico, Dirección de Recursos Naturales Renovables, Ministerio de Agricultura y Cria. Caracas, Venezuela. Taylor, C.M. 1989. Revision of Palicourea (Rubiaceae) in Mexico and Central America. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 26: 1-102. Taylor, C.M. 1993. Revision of Palicourea (Rubiaceae: Psychotrieae) in the West Indies. Moscosoa 7: 201-241. Taylor,C.M. 1996. Overview of the Psychotrieae (Rubiaceae) in the Neotropics. Opera Bot. Belg. 7: 261-270. Taylor, C.M. 1997. Conspectus of the genus Palicourea (Rubiaceae: Psychotrieae) with the description of some new species from Ecuador and Colombia. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 84(2): 224-262. Taylor, C.M. 2000. Palicourea. Fl. Ecuador 162(3): 134-235. Taylor, C.M., M.T.V.A. Campos, & D. Zappi. 2007. Rubiaceae. In: M. Hopkins et al., Flora of the Ducke Reserve. Rodriguesia 58: 549--616. TOP Provisional Species List and Synonymy for Palicourea The following list is based on ongoing monographic work on this genus. This list is not complete for Palicourea, but represents the species and names that have so far been studied. Accepted names are in bold; synonymous names appear with an equals sign. Further information on the names can be found in the TROPICOS data base [http://www.tropicos.org/] Cephaelis [webpage] Cephaelis acanthacea Standl. ex Steyerm.= Palicourea acanthacea Cephaelis dimorphandrioides Dwyer = Palicourea dimorphandrioides Cephaelis grandistipula Standl. ex Steyerm. = Palicourea grandistipula Cephaelis jacobinioides Standl. = Palicourea remyana Cephaelis jamesonii Standl. = Palicourea fuchsioides Cephaelis remyana (Baill.) Standl. = Palicourea remyana Cephaelis rigidifolia Dwyer & M.V. Hayden = Palicourea rigidifolia Cephaelis spectabilis Standl. ex Steyerm. = Palicourea grandistipula Cephaelis subtomentosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Spreng.= Palicourea subtomentosa Coussarea Coussarea jefensis Dwyer = Palicourea tubuliflora Palicourea Palicourea abbreviata Rusby, Colombia Palicourea acanthacea Standl. ex C.M. Taylor, Colombia, Ecuador Palicourea acanthaceoides Wernham = Palicourea macrobotrys Palicourea acetosoides Wernham, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela Palicourea aculeifera Steyerm. = Palicourea longistipulata Palicourea adusta Standl., Nicaragua to Panama Palicourea affinis Standl., Central Amazonia Palicourea albertsmithii Standl., Colombia, Venezuela Palicourea albiflora Standl., Colombia, Ecuador Palicourea albocaerulea C.M. Taylor, Costa Rica Palicourea alpina (Sw.) DC., Greater Antilles Palicourea amapaensis Steyerm., Brazil, Guianas Palicourea amethystina (Ruiz & Pav.) DC., Andes Palicourea anacardifolia (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Roem. & Schult.) Standl. = Palicourea amethystina Palicourea anceps Standl., Colombia, Ecuador Palicourea andaluciana Standl., Colombia, Ecuador Palicourea anderssoniana C.M. Taylor, Ecuador Palicourea andrei Standl., Ecuador, Colombia Palicourea angustifolia Kunth, Andes to Central America Palicourea anianguana C.M. Taylor, Ecuador Palicourea anisoloba (Muell. Arg.) B.M. Boom & M.T. Campos, Amazonian Brazil Palicourea antioquiana Standl., Colombia Palicourea aphthosa Standl. = Palicourea sulphurea Palicourea apicata Kunth, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador Palicourea aragmatophylla K. Schum. & K. Krause= Palicourea heterochroma Palicourea aristei Standl.= Palicourea albertsmithii Palicourea aschersonianoides (Wernham) Steyerm., Venezuela, Colombia Palicourea asplundii C.M. Taylor, Ecuador Palicourea attenuata Rusby, Bolivia Palicourea aurantiaca Miq. = Palicourea croceoides Palicourea aurata Mart.= Palicourea rigida Palicourea austin-smithii Standl. = Palicourea salicifolia Palicourea australis C.M. Taylor, Brazil Palicourea awa C.M. Taylor, Colombia, Ecuador Palicourea azurea C.M. Taylor, Ecuador TOP Palicourea balnearia Standl.= Palicourea stipularis Palicourea barbinervia DC.= Palicourea guianensis Palicourea bella (Standl.) Dwyer, Costa Rica, Panama Palicourea bellula C.M. Taylor, Costa Rica Palicourea blanchetiana Schltdl., eastern Brazil Palicourea bostrychostachya Standl.= Palicourea thyrsiflora Palicourea boyacana Standl., Colombia Palicourea brachyloba (Muell. Arg.) B.M. Boom = (probably) Palicourea guianensis Palicourea brachypoda (Muell. Arg.) L.B. Sm. & Downs= Psychotria brachypoda, Brazil Palicourea brachystigma Urb.= Psychotria sp., Haiti Palicourea bracteosa Standl., Amazonia Palicourea brenesii Standl., Costa Rica Palicourea brevithyrsa Britton & Standl.= Palicourea alpina Palicourea bryophila Standl = Palicourea heterochroma Palicourea buchtienii Standl., Bolivia Palicourea buntingii Steyerm., Venezuela Palicourea caerulea (Ruiz & Pav.) Roem. & Schult.= Psychotria caerulea Ruiz & Pav., Andes Palicourea caerulescens Suess. = Palicourea salicifolia Palicourea calantha Standl., Amazonia Palicourea caldasana Standl. = Palicourea demissa Palicourea caloneura Rusby, Colombia Palicourea calophlebia Standl., Colombia, Ecuador Palicourea calophlebioides C.M. Taylor, Costa Rica Palicourea calophylla DC., northern Amazonia Palicourea calothyrsus K. Schum. & K. Krause, Colombia, Ecuador Palicourea calycina Benth., Ecuador Palicourea canaguensis Steyerm., = Palicourea demissa Palicourea canarina C.M. Taylor, Ecuador Palicourea candida C.M. Taylor, Ecuador Palicourea caprifoliacea Wernham = Palicourea lyristipula Palicourea cardonae Steyerm., Venezuela Palicourea carpirostrata Dwyer = Palicourea ochnoides Palicourea caucana Standl., Colombia Palicourea chaquirana Standl., Colombia Palicourea charianthema Stand., Peru, Brazil, Colombia Palicourea chignul C.M. Taylor, Colombia, Ecuador Palicourea chimboracensis Standl., Colombia, Ecuador Palicourea chimo Standl. & Steyerm. = Palicourea demissa Palicourea chionantha DC. = Psychotria mapourioides DC. Palicourea chiriquina Standl., Panama Palicourea chlorocaerulea K.Krause = Palicourea weberbaueri Palicourea chrysorrhachis Bremek. = Palicourea longistipulata Palicourea circinata (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Standl. = Psychotria ernestii K. Krause, Amazonia Palicourea clerodendroides C.M. Taylor, Ecuador, Peru Palicourea coccinea Poit. ex DC. = Palicourea crocea Palicourea cogolloi C.M. Taylor, Colombia, Ecuador Palicourea condensata Standl. = Palicourea lasiantha Palicourea condorica C.M. Taylor, Ecuador Palicourea conferta (Benth.) Sandwith, Peru to Colombia Palicourea consobrina Standl. = Palicourea herrerae Palicourea copensis (Dwyer) C.M. Taylor = Palicourea seemannii Palicourea coriacea (Cham.) K. Schum., eastern South America Palicourea corniculata C.M. Taylor, Ecuador Palicourea cornifolia Standl. = Palicourea buchtienii Palicourea cornigera C.M. Taylor, Ecuador Palicourea corymbifera (Muell. Arg.) Standl., Amazonia Palicourea costaricensis Benth. = Palicourea padifolia Palicourea crocea (Sw.) Roem. & Schult., widespread in lowlands Palicourea crocea var. riparia (Benth.) Griseb. = Palicourea croceoides Palicourea croceoides Ham., Lesser Antilles, Amazonia Palicourea crystallina C.M. Taylor, Peru Palicourea cuatrecasasii Standl. ex Steyerm., Colombi Palicourea cujabensis Schltdl. = Palicourea croceoides Palicourea cutucuana C.M. Taylor, Ecuador Palicourea cyanantha Standl., Colombia Palicourea cyanea Urb. = Psychotria toensis Britton & P. Wilson, Cuba Palicourea cyclotis Standl. = Palicourea obovata Palicourea cymosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Standl., western Amazonia TOP Palicourea danielis Standl., Colombia Palicourea demissa Standl., nothern Andes Palicourea densa Standl., Colombia Palicourea denslowiae J.H. Kirkbr., Colombia Palicourea deviae C.M. Taylor, Colombia, Ecuador Palicourea didymocarpa (A. Rich.) Griseb. = Psychotria cornigera Benth., South American lowlands Palicourea dimorphandrioides (Dwyer) C.M. Taylor, Panama, Colombia Palicourea discolor K. Krause, Costa Rica, Panama Palicourea diuretica Mart. ex Schltdl. = Palicourea rigida Palicourea dives Standl. = Psychotria dives (Standl.) C.M. Taylor. Colombia Palicourea domingensis (Jacq.) DC. = Psychotria domingensis Jacq., Antilles, Central America Palicourea dorantha Werham, western Colombia Palicourea duckei Standl. = Palicourea anisoloba Palicourea eburnea C.M. Taylor, Colombia Palicourea effusa Standl. = Palicourea lineariflora Palicourea egena Standl. = Palicourea weberbaueri Palicourea elliptica Kunth = Psychotria ernestii K. Krause, Amazonia Palicourea elongata Britton & P. Wilson ex Britton = Palicourea triphylla Palicourea ensiformis Steyerm. = Palicourea angustifolia Palicourea eriantha DC., Cuba, Hispaniola Palicourea exiguiflora Standl. = Psychotria tipuanensis Standl. Palicourea expetens Standl. = Palicourea corymbifera Palicourea fastigiata Kunth, Amazonia Palicourea fendleri Standl. = Palicourea semirasa Palicourea flavescens Kunth, Ecuador, Peru, Colombia Palicourea flavifolia (Rusby) Standl., Bolivia Palicourea foldatsii Steyerm., Venezuela, Colombia Palicourea fragilior Wernham = Palicourea calothyrsus Palicourea frontinoensis Cogollo & C.M. Taylor, Colombia, Ecuador Palicourea fuchsioides C.M. Taylor, Ecuador Palicourea fulgens (Muell. Arg.) Standl., eastern Brazil TOP Palicourea gachetaensis M.C.G. Kirkbr. = Palicourea tamaensis Palicourea galeottiana M. Martens = Psychotria galeottiana (M. Martens) C.M. Taylor & Lorence, Central America Palicourea garciae Standl., Costa Rica to Colombia Palicourea garciae Steyerm. = Palicourea steyermarkii Palicourea garcioides C.M. Taylor, Colombia Palicourea gardenioides (Schiedw.) Hemsl. = Psychotria gardenioides Schiedw., Mexico Palicourea gardneriana (Muell. Arg.) Standl. = Palicourea tetraphylla Palicourea gelsemiiflora C.M. Taylor, Peru Palicourea gemmiflora C.M. Taylor, Peru Palicourea gentryi C.M. Taylor, Colombia, Ecuador Palicourea gibbosa Standl. = Palicourea pyramidalis Palicourea gilgiana Standl. = Psychotria brachypoda Palicourea glabrata H. Winkl. = Palicourea thyrsiflora Palicourea glabriflora Steyerm., Venezuela Palicourea glandulifera C.M. Taylor, Colombia, Ecuador Palicourea glaziovii Standl. = Psychotria ararum C.M. Taylor, southeastern Brazil Palicourea gomezii C.M. Taylor, Costa Rica to Peru Palicourea graciliflora Standl. = Palicourea hospitalis Palicourea grandibractea Dwyer = Palicourea ochnoides Palicourea grandiflora (Kunth) Standl., Amazonia Palicourea grandifolia (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Standl., Amazonia Palicourea grandistipula (Standl. ex Steyerm.) C.M. Taylor, Colombia Palicourea guianensis Aubl., widespread in wet lowlands Palicourea haenkeana DC. = Palicourea obovata Palicourea hammelii C.M. Taylor, Costa Rica, Panama Palicourea harlingii C.M. Taylor, Ecuador, Colombia Palicourea hassleriana Chodat = Psychotria hassleriana (Chodat) Standl., Paraguay Palicourea hebeantha DC. = Palicourea marcgravii Palicourea hedyosmoides Standl. ex Steyerm. = Palicourea amethystina Palicourea hedyotoides Wernham = Palicourea calothyrsus Palicourea heilbornii Standl., Ecuador Palicourea herrerae Standl., Peru Palicourea herzogii Standl., Bolivia Palicourea heterantha Standl. = Palicourea stipularis Palicourea heterochroma K. Schum. & K. Krause, Colombia, Ecuador Palicourea hispidula Standl. = Psychotria setulifera C.M. Taylor, southeastern Brazil Palicourea hoehnei K. Krause = Palicourea marcgravii Palicourea holmgrenii Standl., Colombia, Ecuador Palicourea hospitalis Standl., Colombia, Ecuador Palicourea huberi Steyerm., Guayana Highlands Palicourea huigrensis Standl. = Palicourea amethystina Palicourea hyacinthifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Roem. & Schult. = Palicourea obovata Palicourea hypomalaca Standl. = Palicourea guianensis TOP Palicourea ianthina C.M Taylor, Panama Palicourea insignis Steyerm., Venezuela Palicourea insularis Ridl. = Erithalis insularis (Ridl.) Zappi & T.S. Nunes, eastern Brazil Palicourea intermedia Oerst. ex Pol. = Palicourea angustifolia Palicourea ionantha Standl., Colombia Palicourea iquitoensis K. Krause, Peru Palicourea irrasiflora Wernham, Peru: identity unclear Palicourea irwinii Steyerm., Guianas Palicourea jahnii Standl., Venezuela Palicourea jamesonii Standl. = Palicourea lineata Palicourea jaramilloi C.M. Taylor, Ecuador Palicourea jatunsachensis C.M. Taylor, Amazonian Colombia, Peru, Ecuador Palicourea jelskii Standl., Peru Palicourea josephi Benoist, Ecuador: identity unclear Palicourea juruana K. Krause = Palicourea croceoides Palicourea justicioides Standl., Colombia Palicourea justicioides var. macrocalyx M.C.G. Kirkbr. = Palicourea kirkbrideae Palicourea kalbreyeri Standl. = Palicourea lasiorrhachis Palicourea kanehirae Standl. = Palicourea macbridei Palicourea kerasocarpa K. Krause, Ecuador: identity unclear Palicourea killipii Standl., western Colombia Palicourea kirkbrideae C.M. Taylor, Colombia Palicourea klugii Standl. = Palicourea nigricans Palicourea kuhlmannii Standl., identity unclear, perhaps = Palicourea iquitoensis Palicourea lachnantha Standl., western Amazonia Palicourea lagesii K. Schum. & K. Krause = Palicourea lasiantha Palicourea lanceolata Benth. ex Oerst. = Palicourea angustifolia Palicourea lancifera Standl. & L.O. Williams, Costa Rica, Panama Palicourea lancigera (Standl.) Steyerm., Guayana Highlands Palicourea laniflora Standl. = Palicourea lasiantha Palicourea lasiantha K. Krause, western Amazonia Palicourea lasioneura K. Krause = Palicourea macrobotrys Palicourea lasiophylla K. Krause, western Amazonia Palicourea lasiorrhachis Oerst., Costa Rica to Ecuador Palicourea lasseri Steyerm. = Palicourea apicata Palicourea latifolia K. Krause, Colombia, Peru Palicourea laxa Roem. & Schult., Peru, Ecuador Palicourea lehmannii (K. Schum. & K. Krause) Standl., Colombia Palicourea lemoniana C.M. Taylor, Venezuela Palicourea leucantha Donn. Sm., Mexico, Guatemala Palicourea leuconeura Standl., Venezuela, Colombia Palicourea levis Standl. = Psychotria levis (Standl.) C.M. Taylor, Peru Palicourea libana Standl., Colombia Palicourea lindenii Standl. = Palicourea perquadrangularis Palicourea lineariflora Wernham, Venezuela, Colombia Palicourea lineata Benth., Colombia, Ecuador, Peru Palicourea lobbii Standl., Ecuador Palicourea longibracteata Bartl. ex DC. = Palicourea triphylla Palicourea longiflora (Aubl.) A. Rich. = Palicourea longiflora DC. Palicourea longiflora DC., Amazonia Palicourea longifolia Kunth, Colombia: identity unclear Palicourea longifolia St. Hil. = Palicourea tetraphylla Palicourea longipedunculata Gardner, eastern Brazil Palicourea longipes Rusby = Palicourea triphylla Palicourea longistipula Standl., Peru Palicourea longistipulata subsp. chrysorrhachis (Bremek.) Steyerm., Amazonia Palicourea longistipulata (Muell. Arg.) Standl. subsp. longistipulata, Amazonia Palicourea lopeziana Standl. ex Steyerm. = Palicourea amethystina Palicourea loxensis C.M. Taylor, Ecuador, Peru Palicourea lucentifolia Standl. = Palicourea quadrifolia Palicourea lucidula Standl. = Palicourea bracetosa Palicourea lugoana C.M. Taylor, Colombia, Ecuador Palicourea lugubris K. Schum. & K. Krause = Palicourea conferta Palicourea lusinaturalis Dwyer = Psychotria luxurians Rusby, Costa Rica to Brazil Palicourea luteonivea C.M. Taylor, Ecuador, Colombia Palicourea lutulenta Standl., Colombia Palicourea lyristipula Wernham, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador TOP Palicourea macarthurorum C.M. Taylor, western Amazonia Palicourea macbridei Standl., Peru Palicourea macrantha Loes., Mexico Palicourea macrobotrys (Ruiz & Pav.) Roem. & Schult., Amazonia Palicourea macrocalyx Standl., Costa Rica Palicourea macrocarpa Kunth = Palicourea amethystina Palicourea macrophylla (Kunth) Standl. = Palicourea grandifolia Palicourea macrosepala K Krause = Palicourea discolor Palicourea mansoana (Muell. Arg.) Standl., western Amazonia Palicourea mapirensis Standl. = Palicourea mansoana Palicourea marcgravii A. St. Hil., eastern Amazonia to southern Brazil Palicourea martinicensis Standl. = Palicourea croceoides Palicourea melheana Jung-Mendaçolli = Palicourea rudgeoides Palicourea mello-barretoi Standl., Brazil Palicourea membranifolia K. Schum. & K. Krause = Psychotria berteroana DC., widespread in wet lowlands Palicourea mexiae Standl. = Palicourea seemannii Palicourea mexicana Benth. = Palicourea padifolia Palicourea micrantha Urb. & Ekman = Psychotria sp., Hispaniola Palicourea microcarpa (Ruiz & Pav.) Zappi, Peru Palicourea molliramis K. Schum. & K. Krause = Psychotria hebeclada DC., Mexico to Ecuador Palicourea mollis H. Winkl. = Palicourea triphylla Palicourea montensis Dwyer = Psychotria croceovenosa Dwyer, Panama Palicourea montivaga Standl., Costa Rica, Panama Palicourea moritzii Wernham = Palicourea angustifolia Palicourea myriantha Standl., Colombia Palicourea myrtifolia K. Schum. & K. Krause, Ecuador Palicourea nicotianifolia auctt. = Palicourea calophylla Palicourea nicotianifolia Cham. & Schltdl. = Palicourea macrobotrys Palicourea nigrescens M. Martens & Galeotti = Psychotria mexiae Standl., Mexico, Central America Palicourea nigricans K. Krause, Amazonia Palicourea nitidella (Muell. Arg.) Standl., eastern Amazonia Palicourea nubicola Steyerm. = Palicourea apicata Palicourea nubigena Standl., Colombia TOP Palicourea obesiflora Standl. ex Steyerm. = Palicourea chimboracensis Palicourea obliqua H. Winkl. = Palicourea mansoana Palicourea obovata (Ruiz & Pav.) DC., Peru, Ecuador Palicourea obtusata K. Krause, Venezuela Palicourea ochnoides Dwyer, Panama Palicourea ochreata Wernham = Palicourea flavescens Palicourea officinalis Mart., Brazil Palicourea oreadium Standl. = Palicourea lineata Palicourea orosiana C.M. Taylor, Costa Rica, Panama Palicourea orquidea C.M. Taylor, Colombia Palicourea orthoneura Standl. = Psychotria allenii Standl., Panama to Ecuador Palicourea otongaensis C.M. Taylor, Ecuador Palicourea ottohuberi J.H. Kirkbr., Venezuela Palicourea ovalifolia (Rusby) Standl. = Palicourea mansoana Palicourea ovalis Standl., Panama to Ecuador Palicourea pacapacensis K.Krause, Ecuador: identity unclear, perhaps = Psychotria berteroana DC. Palicourea pachycalyx Standl., western Amazonia Palicourea padifolia (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) C.M. Taylor & Lorence, Mexico through Panama Palicourea palustris A.C. Gilman & C.M. Taylor, Costa Rica Palicourea panamensis Standl. = Palicourea discolor Palicourea papyracea Rusby= Palicourea grandiflora Palicourea paradisiaca Standl., identity unclear, perhaps = Palicourea ovalis Palicourea parviflora Benth. = Palicourea triphylla Palicourea pasti Wernham = Palicourea apicata Palicourea patens (Sw.) Urb. = Psychotria patens Sw., Greater Antilles Palicourea pauciflora Standl., Costa Rica to Colombia Palicourea pavetta (Sw.) DC. = Psychotria domingensis Jacq., Antilles, Central America Palicourea pearcei Standl. = Palicourea ponasae Palicourea pendula C.M. Taylor, Panama Palicourea pennellii Standl. = Palicourea calothyrsus Palicourea pensilis J.H. Kirkbr., Venezuela Palicourea pentandra (Sw.) K. Schum. = Psychotria domingensis Jacq., Antilles, Central America Palicourea perquadrangularis Wernham, northern Andes Palicourea petiolaris Kunth, Venezuela, Colombia Palicourea phanaerandra Standl. & Steyerm. = Psychotria phanerandra (Standl. & Steyerm.) Lorence, Mexico to Panama Palicourea phoeniciana Standl. = Palicourea macrantha Palicourea pittieri Standl., Venezuela, Colombia Palicourea platypodina (Muell. Arg.)Standl. = Palicourea marcgravii Palicourea plowmanii C.M. Taylor, western Amazonia Palicourea pluricostata Standl. = Psychotria pluricostata (Standl.) C.M. Taylor, Ecuador Palicourea polyneura K. Krause = Palicourea amethystina Palicourea ponasae K. Krause, Peru Palicourea popayanensis Benth. = Palicourea thyrsiflora Palicourea populifolia Rusby = Palicourea petiolaris Palicourea premontana C.M. Taylor, Ecuador Palicourea prodiga Standl. ex C.M. Taylor, Ecuador Palicourea prolata Standl. ex Steyerm. = Palicourea thyrsiflora Palicourea psittacorum Standl., Colombia to Peru Palicourea pulchra Griseb., Jamaica Palicourea pulchra var. hispidula Proctor = Palicourea pulchra Palicourea punicea (Ruiz & Pav.) DC., southern Amazonia Palicourea purdiei Standl. = Palicourea caloneura Palicourea purpurascens Urb. = Psychotria toensis Britton & P. Wilson, Cuba Palicourea purpurea C.M. Taylor, Costa Rica, Panama Palicourea purpusii Standl. = Palicourea macrantha Palicourea pustulata Steyerm., Venezuela Palicourea pyramidalis Standl., Panama to Ecuador TOP Palicourea quadrifolia (Rudge) DC. subsp. quadrifolia, east and central Amazonia Palicourea quadrifolia subsp. leticiana C.M. Taylor, northwestern Amazonia Palicourea quadrilateralis C.M. Taylor, Colombia Palicourea querceticola K. Schum. & K. Krause = Palicourea angustifolia Palicourea quinquepyrena C.M. Taylor, Ecuador, Peru Palicourea radians (Muell. Arg.) Standl., Brazil Palicourea radicans Standl. = Palicourea conferta Palicourea raimondii Standl,  identity not clear Palicourea remyana (Baill.) C.M. Taylor, Ecuador Palicourea rigida Kunth, eastern South America Palicourea rigida var. brevipes Rusby = Palicourea grandiflora Palicourea rigidifolia (Dwyer & M.V. Hayden) Dwyer, Panama, Colombia Palicourea riparia Benth. = Palicourea croceoides Palicourea roraimae Standl. = Psychotria oblita Werham, Venezuela Palicourea roseiflora K. Schum. & K. Krause = Palicourea nitidella Palicourea roseofaucis C.M. Taylor, Panama Palicourea rudgeoides (Muell. Arg.) Standl., southeastern Brazil Palicourea salicifolia Standl., Costa Rica, Panama Palicourea salmonea K. Schum. & K. Krause = Palicourea thyrsiflora Palicourea sandiensis K. Krause = Palicourea flavifolia Palicourea schimpffii Diels = Palicourea tectoneura Palicourea seemannii Standl., Nicaragua to Peru Palicourea seleri Loes. = Psychotria galeottiana (M. Martens) C.M. Taylor & Lorence, Central America Palicourea sellowiana DC. = Palicourea guianensis Palicourea semirasa Standl. Colombia, Venezuela Palicourea skotakii C.M. Taylor, Costa Rica, Panama Palicourea smithiana C.M. Taylor, Peru Palicourea sodiroi Standl., Ecuador Palicourea sonans Mart. ex Schltdl. = Palicourea rigida Palicourea sopkinii C.M. Taylor, Colombia Palicourea spathacea C.M. Taylor, Costa Rica Palicourea sprucei (Muell. Arg.) K. Schum. = Palicourea grandifolia Palicourea standleyana C.M. Taylor, Costa Rica to Ecuador Palicourea stellata C.M. Taylor, Colombia Palicourea stenoclada (Muell. Arg.) Standl. = Palicourea croceoides Palicourea stenophylla K. Krause = Rudgea stenophylla (K. Krause) Standl., Peru Palicourea stenophylla Spreng. = Palicourea angustifolia Palicourea stenosepala Standl., Colombia, Ecuador Palicourea stenostachya K. Krause,  identity unclear, perhaps = Palicourea triphylla Palicourea stevensonii Standl. = Psychotria capitata Ruiz & Pav., Guatemala to southeastern Brazil Palicourea steyermarkii C.M. Taylor, Venezuela Palicourea stipularis Benth., Andes Palicourea strepens Mart. ex Schltdl. = Palicourea rigida Palicourea subaenofusca (Muell. Arg.) Standl. = Palicourea marcgravii Palicourea subalata Standl. ex Steyerm., Colombia, Ecuador Palicourea subalatoides C.M. Taylor, Ecuador Palicourea subrubra Pol. = Palicourea padifolia Palicourea subscandens Standl. ex Steyerm., Colombia, Ecuador, Peru Palicourea subsecunda K. Schum. = Palicourea sodiroi Palicourea subspicata Huber, western Amazonia Palicourea subtomentosa (Ruiz & Pav.) C.M. Taylor subsp. subtomentosa, Peru to Bolivia Palicourea subtomentosa subsp. lojana C.M. Taylor, Ecuador to Peru Palicourea sulphurea (Ruiz & Pav.) DC., Andes Palicourea susungensis Standl.ex Steyerm. = Palicourea garciae TOP Palicourea tabernifolia DC. = Psychotria domingensis Jacq., Antilles, Central America Palicourea tachirensis Standl. & Steyerm. = Psychotria schlimii Standl., Venezuela Palicourea talamancana Standl. & L.O. Williams= Palicourea brenesii Palicourea tamaensis (Standl. & Steyerm.) Steyerm., Venezuela, Colombia Palicourea tectoneura K. Schum. & K. Krause, Ecuador Palicourea tenuis Standl. = Palicourea herrerae Palicourea tepuicola Steyerm., Venezuela Palicourea ternata Urb. = Palicourea triphylla Palicourea tetraphylla Cham. & Schltdl., Brazil Palicourea thermydri J.H. Kirkbr., Colombia Palicourea thyrsiflora (Ruiz & Pav.) DC., Andes, Venezuela and Colombia through Bolivia Palicourea tilaranensis C.M. Taylor, Costa Rica Palicourea tinctoria (Ruiz & Pav.) Roem. & Schult. = Psychotria tinctoria Ruiz & Pav., Ecuador, Peru Palicourea toensis (Britton & P. Wilson) Standl. = Psychotria toensis Britton & P. Wilson, Cuba Palicourea torbeciana Urb. & Ekman = Psychotria sp., Hispaniola Palicourea toroi Standl., Colombia Palicourea trichoneura Diels = Palicourea amethystina Palicourea triphylla DC., widespread in continental lowlands, Cuba Palicourea tubuliflora Dwyer, Panama Palicourea tumidonodosa Dwyer, Panama Palicourea tunjaenis C.M. Taylor, Colombia Palicourea ulloana C.M. Taylor, Ecuador Palicourea urbaniana Standl., Brazil Palicourea vacillans Standl. = Palicourea marcgravii Palicourea vagans Wernham, Colombia Palicourea vaginata Benth., Colombia Palicourea velutina Schltdl. = Palicourea marcgravii Palicourea venezuelensis Steyerm. = Palicourea thyrsiflora Palicourea veraguensis Dwyer = Palicourea lasiorrhachis Palicourea verrucifera Standl. = Palicourea buchtienii Palicourea verticillata DC. = Palicourea tetraphylla Palicourea vestita Standl., Costa Rica, Panama Palicourea veterinariorum J.H. Kirkbr., Brazil Palicourea violacea (Aubl.) A. Rich. = Psychotria capitata Palicourea virens (Poepp. & Endl.) Standl., eastern Amazonia Palicourea viridis (Ruiz & Pav.) Roem. & Schult. = Psychotria viridis Ruiz & Pav., Costa Rica to Bolivia Palicourea vulcanalis Standl. ex C.M. Taylor, Colombia, Ecuador Palicourea weberbaueri K. Krause, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru Palicourea weddelliana (Muell. Arg.) Standl. = Palicourea tetraphylla Palicourea wilesii C.D. Adams, Jamaica Palicourea williamsii Rusby= Palicourea mansoana Palicourea wurdackiana J.H. Kirkbr., Venezuela Palicourea xanthina DC. = Palicourea longiflora Palicourea zarucchii C.M. Taylor, Colombia TOP Psychotria Psychotria aenofusca Muell. Arg. = Palicourea marcgravii Psychotria amazonica Muell. Arg. = Palicourea grandifolia Psychotria amethystina Ruiz & Pav. = Palicourea amethystina Psychotria amplissima Standl. ex Steyerm. = Palicourea amplissima Psychotria anisoloba Muell. Arg. = Palicourea anisoloba Psychotria bangii Romero, nom. illeg. = Palicourea attenuata Psychotria barraensis Muell. Arg. = Palicourea longiflora Psychotria boyacana Standl. = Palicourea tunjaensis Psychotria brenesii Standl. = Palicourea standleyana Psychotria cataractarum Muell. Arg. = Palicourea guianensis Psychotria consanguinea Muell. Arg. = Palicourea longiflora Psychotria conferta Benth. = Palicourea conferta Psychotria copensis Dwyer = Palicourea seemannii Psychotria copeyana Standl. ex L.O. Williams = Palicourea garciae Psychotria corymbifera Muell. Arg. = Palicourea corymbifera Psychotria cymosa Ruiz & Pav. = Palicourea cymosa Psychotria diversicolor Muell. Arg. = Palicourea longiflora Psychotria edaphothrix Steyerm. = Palicourea bracteosa Psychotria fraterna Muell. Arg. = Palicourea longiflora Psychotria fulgens Muell. Arg. = Palicourea fulgens Psychotria gallerana Standl. = Palicourea garciae Psychotria gardneriana Muell. Arg. = Palicourea tetraphylla Psychotria hyacinthiflora Ruiz & Pav. = Palicourea obovata Psychotria laxa Ruiz & Pav., hom. illeg. = Palicourea laxa Psychotria longiflora (Aubl.) Willd. = Palicourea longiflora Psychotria longistipulata Muell. Arg. = Palicourea longistipulata Psychotria mansoana Muell. Arg. = Palicourea mansoana Psychotria marcgravii (A. St. Hil.) Spreng. = Palicourea marcgravii Psychotria mexicana Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. = Palicourea padifolia Psychotria mitis Ruiz & Pav. = Palicourea sulphurea Psychotria neurothrix Muell. Arg. = Palicourea thyrsiflora Psychotria nitidella Muell. Arg. = Palicourea nitidella Psychotria obovata Ruiz & Pav. = Palicourea obovata Psychotria obscurata Muell. Arg. = Palicourea grandiflora Psychotria ovalifolia Rusby = Palicourea mansoana Psychotria platypodina Muell. Arg. = Palicourea marcgravii Psychotria punicea Ruiz & Pav. = Palicourea punicea Psychotria quadrifolia Rudge = Palicourea quadrifolia Psychotria radians Muell. Arg. = Palicourea radians Palicourea rudgeoides Muell. Arg. = Palicourea rudgeoides Psychotria salicifolia Rusby, nom. illeg. = Palicourea attenuata Psychotria sancti-caroli Standl. = Palicourea longistipulata Psychotria squarrosa Muell. Arg. = Palicourea rudgeoides Psychotria stenoclada Muell. Arg. = Palicourea croceoides Psychotria stenophylla Spreng. = Palicourea angustifolia Psychotria subcrocea Muell. Arg. = Palicourea croceoides Psychotria subscandens Muell. Arg. = Palicourea croceoides Psychotria subtomentosa Ruiz & Pav. = Palicourea subtomentosa Psychotria sulphurea Ruiz & Pav. = Palicourea sulphurea Psychotria tabacifolia Muell. Arg. = Palicourea macrobotrys Psychotria tetraphylla (Cham. & Schltdl.) Muell. Arg. = Palicourea tetraphylla Psychotria thyrsiflora Ruiz & Pav. = Palicourea thyrsiflora Psychotria verrucosa Muell. Arg. = Palicourea corymbifera Psychotria verticillata (DC.) Muell. Arg. = Palicourea tetraphylla Psychotria weddelliana Muell. Arg. = Palicourea tetraphylla Psychotria xanthophylla Muell. Arg. = Palicourea coriacea Rudgea lehmannii K. Schum. & K. Krause = Palicourea lehmannii Uragoga lineata (Benth.) Kuntze = Palicourea lineata Uragoga remyana Baill. = Palicourea remyana Watsonamra sordidiflora Rusby = Palicourea lasiantha Text and Images, unless otherwise indicated, Copyright © by Charlotte M. Taylor. All rights reserved. This page was revised on June 1, 2009. TOP