Articles or books by two or more authors are cited as follows. When there are two authors, citation is alphabetical after the second author's name. When there are three or more authors, references are cited in the body of the text as (e.g.) Chase et al. 2000a, 2000b, 2000c, and are listed following these sometimes alphabetically qualified dates of publication immediately after all the single- or two-authored articles by the first author.

Aagard, J. A., Olmstead, R. G., Willis, J. H., & Phillips, P. C. 2005. Duplication of floral regulatory genes in Lamiales. American J. Bot. 92: 1284-1293.

Aagesen, L., & Sanso, A. M. 2003. The phylogeny of the Alstroemeriaceae, based on morphology, rps16 intron, and rbcL sequence data. Syst. Bot. 28: 47-69.

Abdallah, M. S. 1967. The Resedaceae: A taxonomical revision of the family. Meded. Landbouwhoog. Wageningen 67(8): 1-98, fig. 2-17. [Reprint: Belmontia N.S. 8, 1978.]

Abdallah, M. S., & de Wit, H. C. D. 1978. The Resedaceae: A taxonomical revision of the family (final instalment). Meded. Landbouwhoog. Wageningen 78(14): 96-416, fig. 1, 18-91. [Reprint: Belmontia N.S. 8, 1978.]

Abbasi, M. [et al. 2005], Goodwin, S. B., & Scholler, M. 2005. Taxonomy, phylogeny, and distribution of Puccinia graminis, the black stem rust: New insights based on rDNA sequence data. Mycoscience 46: 241-247.

Abbe, E. C. 1935. Studies in the phylogeny of the Betulaceae. I. Floral and inflorescence anatomy and morphology. Bot. Gaz. 97: 1-67.

Abbe, E. C. 1974. Flowers and inflorescences of the "Amentiferae". Bot. Review 40: 159-261.

Abdelgaleil, S. A. M., & Hashinaga, F. 2007. Allelopathic potential of two sequiterpene lactones from Magnolia grandiflora L. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 35: 737-742.

Abe, J. P. 2005. An arbuscular mycorrhizal genus in the Eriaceae. Inoculum 56(4): 6.

Abele, D., Rudolph, B., Thiede, J., & Schirarend, C. 2005. Phylogeny of the genus Masdevallia Ruiz & Pav. based on morphological and molecular data. Pp. 111-116, in Raynal-Roques, A., Roguenant, A., & Prat, D. (eds), Proceedings of the 18th World Orchid Conferemnce. Naturalia Publications, Turriers, France.

Abrahamson, W. G. [et al. 1998], Melika, G., Scrafford, R., & Csóka, G. 1998. Gall-inducing insects provide insights into plant systematic relationships. American J. Bot. 85: 1159-1165.

Acevedo-Rosas, R. [et al. 2004], Cameron, K., Sosa, V., & Pell, S. 2004. A molecular phylogenetic study of Graptopetalum (Crassulaceae) based on ETS, ITS, rpl16 and trnL-F nucleotide sequences. American J. Bot. 91: 1099-1104.

Achille, F. [et al. 2006], Motley, T. J., Lowry, P. P. II, & Jérémie, J. 2006. Polyphyly in Guettarda L. (Rubiaceae, Guettardeae) based on nrDNA ITS sequence data. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 93: 103-121.

Ackerman, J. D. 1985. Euglossine bees and their nectar hosts. Pp. 225-233, in D'Arcy, W. G., & Correa, M. D. (eds), The Botany and Natural History of Panama. Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis.

Ackermann, M., & Weigend, M. 2006. Nectar, floral morphology and pollination syndrome in Loasaceae subfamily Loasoideae (Cornales). Ann. Bot. 98: 503-514.

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Ackery, P. R., & Vane-Wright, R. I. 1984. Milkweed Butterflies: Their Cladistics and Biology. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY.

Acosta, M. C. [et al. 2006], Ordóñez, A. del V., Cocucci, A. A., & Moscone, E. A. 2006. Chromosome reports in South American Nicotaneae (Solanaceae), with particular reference to Nierembergia. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 93: 634-646.

Adachi, J. [et al. 1995], Kosuge, K., Denda, T., & Watanabe, K. 1995. Phylogenetic relationships of the Berberidaceae based on partial sequences of the gapA gene. Pp. 351-353, in Jensen, U., & Kadereit, J. W. (eds.), Systematics and Evolution of the Ranunculiflorae. Springer, Vienna. [Plant Syst. Evol. Suppl. 9.]

Adam, H. [et al. 2007], Jouannic, S., Morcillo, F., Verdeil, J.-L., Duval, Y., & Tregear, J. W. 2007. Determination of flower structure in Elaeis guineensis: Do palms use the same homeotic genes as other species? Ann. Bot. 100: 1-12.

Adamec, L. [et al. 2006], Kohout, P., & Benes, K. 2006. Root anatomy of three carnivorous plant species. Carniv. Plant Newsl. 35: 19-22.

Adams, K. L., & Palmer, J. D. 2003. Evolution of mitochondrial gene content: Gene loss and transfer to the nucleus. Mol. Phyl. Evol. 29: 380-395.

Adams, K. L., & Wendel, J. F. 2005. Polyploidy and genome evolution in plants. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 8: 135-141.

Adams, K. L. [et al. 2001], Rosenblueth, M., Qiu, Y.-L., & Palmer, J. D. 2001. Multiple losses and transfers to the nucleus of two mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase genes during angiosperm evolution. Genetics 158: 1289-1300.

Adams, K. L. [et al. 2002a], Daly, D. O, Whelan, J., & Palmer, J. D. 2002a. Genes for two mitochondrial ribosomal proteins in flowering plants are derived from their chloroplast or cytosolic counterparts. Plant Cell 14: 931-943.

Adams, K. L. [et al. 2002b], Qiu, Y.-L., Stoutemyer, M., & Palmer, J. D. 2002b. Punctuated evolution of mitochondrial gene content: High and variable rates of mitochondrial gene loss and transfer to the nucleus during angiosperm evolution. Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99: 9905-9912.

Adams, J. E. 1949. Studies in the comparative anatomy of the Cornaceae. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 65: 219-244.

Adams, L. G.. 1987. Philydraceae. Pp. 40-45, in George, A. S. (ed.), Flora of Australia. Volume 35. Hydatellaceae to Liliaceae. Australian Government, Canberra.

Adams, R. P. 2004. Junipers of the World: The Genus Juniperus. Trafford, Vancouver.

Adams, S. P. [et al. 2001], Hartman, T. P. V., Lim, K. Y., Chase, M. W., Bennett, M. D., Leitch, I. J., & Leitch, A. R. 2001. Loss and recovery of Arabidopsis-type telomere repeat sequences 5'-(TTTAGGG)_n-3' in the evolution of a major radiation of flowering plants. Proc. Roy. Soc. B, 268: 1541-1546.

Adsersen, A. [et al. 2007], Smitt, U. W., Simonsen, H. T., Christensen, S. B., & Jaroszewski, J. W. 2007. Prenylated acetophenones from Melicope obscura and Melicope obtusifolia ssp. obtusifolia var. arborea and their disribution in Rutaceae. Biochem. Syst. Ecol 35: 447-453.

Aedo, C. [et al. 2005], Navarro, C., & Alarcón, M. L. 2005. Taxonomic revision of Geranium sections Andina and Chilensia (Geraniaceae). Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 149: 1-68. 2005.

Agarwal, M. [et al. 2005], Gupta, S., & Painuly, V. 2005. Xylotomic study of the family Sapindaceae: Microstructure, systematics and ecological trends. Indian Forester 131: 1024-1040.

Agerbirk, N. [et al. 2008], Warwick, S. I., Hansen, P. R., & Olsen, C. E. 2008. Sinapis phylogeny and evolution of glucosinolates and specific nitrile degrading enzymes. Phytochem. 69: 2937-2949.

Agrawal, A. A., & Fishbein, M. 2006. Plant defense syndromes. Ecology 87:(Supplement, 7) S132-S149.

Agrawal, A. A., & Fishbein, M. 2008. Phylogenetic escalation and decline of plant defense strategies. Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105: 10057-10060.

Agrawal, A. A. [et al. 2009a], Salminen, J.-P., & Fishbein, M. 2009a. Phylogenetic trends in phenolic metabolism of milkweeds (Asclepias): Evidence for escalation. Evolution 63: 663-673.

Agrawal, A. A. [et al. 2009b], Fishbein, M., Halitschke, R., Hastings, A. P., Rabosky, D. L., & Rasmann, S. 2009b. Evidence for adaptive radiation from a phylogenetic study of plant defenses. Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106: 18067-18072.

Aguilar-Meléndez, A. [et al. 2009], Morrell, P. L., Roose, M. L., & Kim, S.-C. 2009. Genetic diversity and structure in semiwild and domesticated chiles (Capsicum anuum; Solanaceae) from Mexico. American J. Bot. 96: 1190-1202.

Aguilar-Ortigoza, C. J., & Sosa, V. 2004. The evolution of toxic phenolic compounds in a group of Anacardiaceae genera. Taxon 53: 357-364.

Ahlquist, T. K. [et al. 2009], Howard, J. M., Farrugia, F. T., & Wojciechowski, M. F. 2009. A genus-level phylogeny of the inverted-repeat lacking clade of legumes. P. 201, in Botany and Mycology 2009. Snowbird, Utah July 25-29. Abstract Book.

Ahmad, S. M. [et al. 2009], Hoot, S. B., Qazi, P. H., & Verma, V. 2009. Phylogenetic patterns and genetic diversity of Indian Tinospora species based on chloroplast sequence data and cytochrome P450 polymorphisms. Plant Syst. Evol. 281: 87-96.

Ahonen, L. [et al. 2003], Muaona, J., & Piippo, S. 2003. Inferring the phylogeny of the Lejeunaceae (Jungermanniopsida): A first appraisal of molecular data. Bryologist 106: 297-308.

Ahrendt, L. W. A. 1961. Berberis and Mahonia, a taxonomic revision. J. Linnean Soc. (Bot.) 57: 1-410.

Airy Shaw, H. K. 1954. Pentaphragmataceae. Pp. 517-528, in Van Steenis, C. G. G. J. (ed.), Flora malesiana, ser. 1, vol. 4. Noordhoff, Groningen.

Airy Shaw, H. K. 1958. "Unrelated" foodplants? Entomol. Monthly Mag. 94: 232.

Airy Shaw, H. K. 1965. On a new species of the genus Silvianthus Hook. f., and on the family Carlemanniaceae. Kew Bull. 19: 507-512.

Airy Shaw, H. K. 1966. Willis, J. C. A Dictionary of the Flowering Plants and Ferns. Ed. 7, revised by H. K. Airy Shaw. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Airy Shaw, H. K. 1973. Willis, J. C. A Dictionary of the Flowering Plants and Ferns. Ed. 8, revised by H. K. Airy Shaw. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Airy Shaw, H. K. [et al. 1973], Cutler, D. E., & Nilsson, S. 1973. Pottingeria, its taxonomic position, anatomy and palynology. Kew Bull. 28: 97-104.

Aitzetmüller, K. 1995. Fatty acid patterns of Ranunculaceae seed oils. Pp. 229-240, in Jensen, U., & Kadereit, J. W. (eds.), Systematics and Evolution of the Ranunculiflorae. Springer, Vienna. [Plant Syst. Evol. Suppl. 9.]

Aitzetmüller, K. 1996. An unusual fatty acid pattern in Eranthis seed oil. Lipids 31: 201-205.

Aitzetmüller, K., & Vosmann, K. 1998. Cycylopropenoic fatty acids in gymnosperms: The seed oil of Welwitschia. J. American Oil Chemists' Soc. 75: 1761-1765.

Aitzetmüller, K., [et al. 1999], Tsevegsüren, N., & Werner, G. 1999. Seed oil fatty acid patterns of the Aconitum-Delphinium-Helleborus complex (Ranunculaceae. Plant Syst. Evol. 215: 37-47.

Ajani, Y. [et al. 2008], Ajani, A., Cordes, J. M., Watson, M. F., & Downie, S. R. 2008. Phylogenetic analysis of nrDNA ITS sequences reveals relationships within five groups of Iranian Apiaceae subfamily Apioideae. Taxon 57: 383-401.

Aker, S., & Healy, W. 1990. The phytogeography of the genus Alstroemeria. Herbertia 46: 76-87.

Akhani, H. [et al. 2007], Edwards, G., & Roalson, E. H. 2007. Diverficiation of the Old World Salsoleae a.l. (Cheniopodiaceae): Molecular phylogenetic analysis of nuclear and chloroplast data sets and a revised classification. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 168: 931-956.

Albach, D. C. 2008. Further arguments for the rejection of paraphyletic taxa: Veronica subgen. Pseudolysimachium (Plantaginaceae). Taxon 57: 1-6.

Albach, D. C. [et al. 1998], Soltis, P. S., Soltis, D. E., & Olmstead, R. G. 1998. Phylogenetic analysis of Asteridae s.l. based on sequences of four genes. American J. Bot. 85(6, suppl.): 111-112.

Albach, D. C. [et al. 2001a], Soltis, P. S., & Soltis, D. E. 2001a. Patterns of embryological and biochemical evolution in the Asterids. Syst. Bot. 26: 242-262.

Albach, D. C. [et al. 2001b], Soltis, P. S., & Soltis, D. E., & Olmstead, R. G. 2001b. Phylogenetic analysis of Asterids based on sequences of four genes. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 88: 163-212. 2001.

Albach, D. C. [et al. 2001c], Soltis, D. E., Chase, M. W., & Soltis, P. S. 2001c. Phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic angiosperm Hydrostachys. Taxon 50: 781-805.

Albach, D. C. [et al. 2004a], Martínez-Ortega, M. M., Fischer, M. A., & Chase, M. W. 2004a. A new classification of the tribe Veroniceae - problems and a possible solution. Taxon 53: 429-452.

Albach, D. C. [et al. 2004b], Gotfredsen, C. H., & Jensen, S. R. 2004b. Iridoid glucosides of Paederota lutea and the relationships between Paederota and Veronica. Phytochem. 65: 2129-2134.

Albach, D. C. [et al. 2005a], Meudt, H. M., & Oxelman, B. 2005a. Piecing together the "new" Plantaginaceae. American J. Bot. 92: 297-315.

Albach, D. C. [et al. 2005b], Utteridge, T., & Wagstaff, S. J. 2005b. Origin of Veroniceae (Plantaginaceae, formerly Scrophulariaceae) on New Guinea. Syst. Bot. 30: 412-423.

Albach, D. C. [et al. 2005c], Jensen, S. R., Özgökce, F., & Grayer, R. J. 2005c. Veronica: Chemical characters for the support of phylogenetic relationships based on nuclear ribosomal and plastid DNA sequence data. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 33: 1087-1106.

Albach, D. C. [et al. 2007], Li, H.-Q., Zhao, N., & Jensen, S. R. 2007. Molecular systematics and phytochemistry of Rehmannia (Scrophulariaceae). Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 35: 293-300.

Albach, D. C. [et al. 2009], Yan, K., Jensen, S. R., & Li, H. Q. 2009. Phylogenetic placement of Triaenophora (formerly Scrophulariaceae) with some implications for the phylogeny of Lamiales. Taxon 58: 749-756.

Albers, F., & Meve, U. 2001. A karyological survey of Asclepiadoideae, Periplocoideae and Secamonoideae, and evolutionary considerations within Apocynaceae s.l. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 88: 624-656.

Albers, F., & Meve, U. (eds.). 2002. Illustrated Handbook of Succulent Plants: Asclepiadaceae. Springer, Berlin.

Albers, F. [et al. 2006], & van der Walt, J. J. A. 2006. Geraniaceae. Pp. 157-167, in Kubitzki, K. (ed.), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Volume IX. Flowering Plants. Eudicots. Berberidopsidales, Buxales, Crossosomatales.... Springer, Berlin.

Albert, V. A. 1994. Cladistic relationships of the slipper orchids (Cypripedioideae: Orchidaceae) from congruent morphological and molecular data. Lindl;eyana 9: 115-132.

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Albert, V. A., & Struwe, L. 1997. Phylogeny and classification of Voyria (saprophytic Gentianaceae). Brittonia 49: 466-479.

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Alder, L. S. 2000. Alkaloid uptake increases fitness in a hemiparasitic plant via reduced herbivory and increased pollination. American Naturalist 156: 92-99.

Alder, L. S. 2002. Host effects on herbivory and pollination in a hemiparasitic plant. Ecology 83: 2700-2710.

Alder, L. S. 2003. Host species affects herbivory, pollination, and reproduction in experiments with parasitic Castilleja. Ecology 84: 2083-2091.

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Alejandro, G. D., Razafimandimbison, S. G., & Liede-Schumann, S. 2005. Polyphyly of Musssaenda inferred from ITS and trnT-F data and its implications for generic limits in Mussaendeae (Rubiaceae). American J. Bot. 92: 544-555.

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Alford, M. H. 2006. Gerrardinaceae: A new family of African flowering plants unresolved among Brassicales, Huerteales, Malvales, and Sapindales. Taxon 55: 959-964.

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