GENERAL LITERATURE

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Articles or books by two or more authors are cited as follows. When there are two authors, citation is alphabetical after the second author's name. When there are three or more authors, references are cited in the body of the text as (e.g.) Chase et al. 2000a, 2000b, 2000c, and are listed following these sometimes alphabetically qualified dates of publication immediately after all the single- or two-authored articles by the first author.

Qi, X. [et al. 2018], Kuo, L,-Y., Guo, C., Li, H., Li, Z., Qi, J., Wang, L., Hu, Y., Xiang, J., Zhang, C., Guo, J., Huang, C.-H., & Ma, H. 2018. A well-resolved fern nuclear phylogeny reveals the evolution history of numerous transcription factor families. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 127: 961-977. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev

Qi, X. S. [et al. 2012], Chen, C., Comes, H. P., Sakagushi, S., Liu, Y.-H., Tanaka, N., Sakio, H. & Qiu, Y.-X. 2012. Molecular data and ecological niche modelling reveal a highly dynamic evolutionary history of the East Asian Tertiary relict Cercidiphyllum (Cercidiphyllaceae). New Phytol. 196: 617–630.

Qi, Z. [et al. 2012], Li, P., Zhao, Y., Cameron, K., & Fu, C. 2012. Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of Smilacaceae (Liliales), a cosmopolitan family of monocots. P. 197, in Botany 2012: The Next Generation. July 7-11 - Columbus, Ohio. Abstracts.

Qi, Z. [et al. 2013], Cameron, K. M., Li, P., Zhao, Y., Chen, S., Chen, G., & Fu, C. 2013. Phylogenetics, character evolution, and distribution patterns of the greenbriers, Smilacaceae (Liliales), a near cosmopolitan family of monocots. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 173: 535-548.

Qian, H. 2014. Contrasting relationships between clade age and temperature along latitudinal versus elevational gradients for woody angiosperms in forests of South America. J. Veget. Sci. 25: 1208–1215. doi: 10.1111/jvs.12175

Qian, H., & Ricklefs, R. E. 2004. Taxon richness and climate in angiosperms: Is there a globally consistent relationship that precludes region effects? American Naturalist 163: 773-779 [see Electronic Appendix for plant distributions].

Qian, H., & Ricklefs, R. E. 2016. Out of the tropical lowlands: Latitude versus elevantion. Trends Ecol. Evol.31: 738-741.

Qian, H., & Zhang, J. 2014. Using an updated time-calibrated family-level phylogeny of seed plants to test for non-random patterns of life forms across the phylogeny. J. Syst. Evol. 52: 423-430.

Qian, H. [et al. 2023], Zhang, J. Jin, Y., & Deng, T. 2023. Effects of evolutionary history on assembly of flowering plants in regions across Africa. Ecography 2023(9):e06775. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.06775

Qiao, X. [et al. 2019], Li, Q., Yin, H., Li, L., Wang, R., Zhang, S., & Paterson, A. H. 2019. Gene duplication and evolution in recurring polyploidization-diploidization cycles in plants. Genome Biol. 20:38. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-019-1650-2

Qin, A.-L. [et al. 2013], Wang, M.-M., Cun, Y.-Z., Yang, F.-S., Wang, S.-S., Ran, J.-R., & Wang, X.-Q. 2013. Phylogeographic evidence for a link of species divergence in Ephedra in the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau and adjacent regions to the Miocene Asian aridification. PLoS ONE 8(2):e56243. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056243

Qin, H.-N. 1998. A taxonomic revision of the Lardizabalaceae. Cathaya 8-9: 1-214.

Qin, J. [et al. 2019], Li, J., Gao, Q., Wilson, J.-J., & Zhang, A.-B. 2019. Mitochondrial phylogeny and comparative mitogenomics of closely related pine moth pests (Lepidoptera: Dendrolimus). PeerJ 7:e7317. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7317

Qin, L. [et al. 2021], Hu, Y., Wang, J., Wang, X., Zhao, R., Shan, H., Li, K., Xu, P., Wu, H., Yan, X., Liu, L., Yi, Z., Wanke, S., Bowers, J. E., Leebens-Mack, J. H., dePamphilis, C. W., Soltis, P. S., Soltis, D. E., Kong, H., & Jiao, Y. 2021. Insights into angiosperm evolution, floral development and chemical biosynthesis from the Aristolochia fimbriata genome. Nature Plants 7: 1239-1253. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-021-00990-2

Qin, Q.-M. [et al. 2020]. Tong, Y.-H., Zheng, X.-R., Ni, J.-B., & Xia, N. H. 2021 [= 2020]. Sinosasa (Poaceae: Bambusoideae), a new genus from China. Taxon 70: 27-47.

Qiu, H., & Gilbert, M. G. 2003. Loranthaceae. Pp. 220-239, in Wu, Z., Raven, P. H., et al. (eds), Flora of China. 5. Ulmaceae through Basellaceae. Science Press, Beijing.

Qiu, H. [et al. 2023], Zhang, Z.-H., Wang, M.-Z., Jin, X.-J., Lin, J.-D., Comes, H. P., Chen, J.-X. Cui, R.-N., Duan, R.-Q., & Li, P. 2023. Plastome evolution and phylogenomics of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae). Planta 257:45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-023-04078-3

Qiu, J. 2016. Trouble in Tibet. Nature 529: 142-145.

Qiu, R.-L. [et al. 2012], Tang, Y.-T., Zeng, X.-W., Thangavel, P., Tang, L., Gan, Y.-Y., Ying, R.-R., & Wang, S.-Z. 2012. Mechanisms of Cd hyperaccumulation and detoxification in heavy metal hyperaccumulators: How plants cope with Cd. Prog. Bot. 73: 127-.

Qiu, T. [et al. 2023], Aravena, M. C., Ascoli, D., Bergeron, Y., Bogdziewicz, M., Boivin, T., Bonal, R., Caignard, T., Cailleret, M., Calama, R., Calderon, S. D., Camarero, J. J., Chang-Yang, C.-H., Chave, J., Chianucci, F., Courbaud, B., Cutini, A., Das, A. J., Delpierre, N., Delzon, S., Dietze, M., Dormont, L., Espelta, J. M., Fahey, T. J., Farfan-Rios, W., Franklin, J. F., Gehring, C. A., Gilbert, G. S., Gratzer, G., Greenberg, C. H., Guignabert, A., Guo, Q., Hacket-Pain, A., Hampe, A., Han, Q., Holik, J., Hoshizaki, K., Ibanez, I., Johnstone, J. F., Journé, V., Kitzberger, T., Knops, J. M. H., Kunstler, G., Kurokawa, H., Lageard, J. G. A., LaMontagne, J. M., Lefevre, F., Leininger, T., Limousin, J.-M., Lutz, J. A., Macias, D., Marell, A., McIntire, E. J. B., Moore, C. M., Moran, E., Motta, R., Myers, J. A., Nagel, T. A., Naoe, S., Noguchi, M., Oguro, M., Parmenter, R., Pearse, I. S., Perez-Ramos, I. M., Piechnik, L., Podgorski, T., Poulsen, J., Redmond, M. D., Reid, C. D., Rodman, K. C., Rodriguez-Sanchez, F., Samonil, P., Sanguinetti, J. D., Scher, C. L., Seget, B., Sharma, S., Shibata, M., Silman, M., Steele, M. A., Stephenson, N. L., Straub, J. N., Sutton, S., Swenson, J. J., Swift, M., Thomas, P. A., Uriarte, M., Vacchiano, G., Whipple, A. V., Whitham, T. G., Wion, A. P., Wright, S. J., Zhu, K., Zimmerman, J. K., Zywiec, M., & Clark, J. S. 2023. Masting is uncommon in trees that depend on mutualist dispersers in the context of global climate and fertility gradients. Nature Plants https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-023-01446-5

Qiu, Y. [et al. 2014], Filipenko, S. J., Darracq, A., & Adams, K. L. 2014. Expression of a transferred nuclear gene in a mitochondrial genome. Curr. Plant Biol. 1: 68-72.

Qiu, Y. [et al. 2024], Li, Z., & Köhler, C. 2024. Ancestral duplication of MADS-box genes in land plants empowered the functional divergence between sporophytes and gametophytes. New Phytol. 244: 358-363. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.20065

Qiu, Y. L., & Estabrook, G. F. 2008. Inference of phylogenetic relationships among key angiosperm lineages using a compatabilty method on a molecular data set. J. Syst. Evol. 46: 130-141.

Qiu, Y.-L., & Mishler, B. D. 2024. Relationships among the bryophytes and vascular plants: A case study in deep-time reconstruction. Diversity 16:426. https://doi.org/10.3390/d16070426

Qiu, Y.-L., & Palmer, J. D. 2004. Many independent origins of trans splicing of a mitochondrial group II intron. J. Molec. Evol. 59: 80-89.

Qiu, Y.-L. [et al. 1995], Chase, M. W., & Parks, C. R. 1995. A chloroplast DNA phylogenetic study of the eastern Asia - east North America disjunct section Rhytidospermum of Magnolia (Magnoliaceae). American J. Bot. 82: 1582-1588.

Qiu, Y.-L. [et al. 1998a], Chase, M. W., Hoot, S. B., Conti, E., Crane, P. R., Sytsma, K. J., & Parks, C. R. 1998a. Phylogenetics of the Hamamelidae and their allies: Parsimony analyses of nucleotide sequences of the plastid gene rbcL. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 159: 891-905.

Qiu, Y.-L. [et al. 1998b], Cho, Y., Cox, J. C., & Palmer, J. D. 1998b. The gain of three mitochondrial introns identifies liverworts as the earliest land plants. Nature 394: 671-674.

Qiu, Y.-L. [et al. 1999], Lee, J., Bernasconi-Quadroni, F., Soltis, D. E., Soltis, P. S., Zanis, M. J., Zimmer, E. A., Chen, Z., Savolainen, V., & Chase, M. W. 1999. The earliest angiosperms: Evidence from mitochondrial, plastid and nuclear genes. Nature 402: 404-407.

Qiu, Y.-L. [et al. 2000], Lee, J., Bernasconi-Quadroni, F., Soltis, D. E., Soltis, P. S., Zanis, M. J., Zimmer, E. A., Chen, Z., Savolainen, V., & Chase, M. W. 2000. Phylogeny of basal angiosperms: Analyses of five genes from three genomes. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 161(6: suppl. [Current Perspectives on Basal Angiosperms]): S3-S27.

Qiu, Y.-L. [et al. 2001], Lee, J., Whitlock, B. A., Bernasconi-Quadroni, F., & Dombrovska, O. 2001. Was the ANITA rooting of the angiosperm phylogeny affected by long-branch attraction? Molec. Biol. Evol. 18: 1745-1753.

Qiu, Y.-L. [et al. 2005], Dombrovska, O., Lee, J., Li, L., Whitlock, B. A., Bernasconi-Quadroni, F., Rest, J. S., Davis, C. C., Borsch, T., Hilu, K. W., Renner, S. S., Soltis, D. E., Soltis, P. S., Zanis, M. J., Cannone, J. J., Gutell, R. R., Powell, M., Savolainen, V., Chatrou, L. W., & Chase, M. W. 2005. Phylogenetic analysis of basal angiosperms based on nine plastid mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 166: 815-842.

Qiu, Y.-L. [et al. 2006a], Li, L., Wang, B., Chen, Z., Knoop, V., Groth-Malonek, M., Dombrovska, O., Lee, J., Kent, L., Rest, J. S., Estabrook, G. F., Hendry, T. A., Taylor, D. W., Testa, C. M., Ambros, M., Crandall-Stotler, B., Duff, R. J., Stech, M., Frey, W., Quandt, D., & Davis, C. C. 2006a. The deepest divergences in land plants inferred from phylogenomic evidence. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 103: 15511-15516.

Qiu, Y.-L. [et al. 2006b], Li, L., Hendry, T, Li, R., Taylor, D. W., Issa, M. J., Ronen, A. J., Vekaria, M. L., & White, A. M. 2006b. Reconstructing the basal angiosperm phylogeny: Evaluating information content of mitochondrial genes. Taxon 55: 837-856.

Qiu, Y.-L. [et al. 2007], Li, L., Wang, B., Chen, Z., Dombrovska, O., Lee, J., Kent, L., Li, R., Jobson, R. J., Hendry, T. A., Taylor, D. W., Testa, C. M., & Ambros, M. 2007. A nonflowering land plant phylogeny inferred from nucleotide sequences of seven chloroplast, mitochondrial, and nuclear genes. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 168: 691-708.

Qiu, Y.-L. [et al. 2010], Li, L., Wang, B., Xue, J.-Y., Hendry, T. A., Li, R.-Q., Brown, J. W., Liu, Y., Hudson, G. T., & Chen, Z.-D. 2010. Angiosperm phylogeny inferred from sequences of four mitochondrial genes. J. Syst. Evol. 48: 391-425.

Qiu, Y.-L. [et al. 2012], Taylor, A. B., & McManus, H. A. 2012. Evolution of the life cycle in land plants. J. Syst. Evol. 50: 171-194.

Qiu, Z.-J. [et al. 2015], Lu, Y.-X., Li, C.-Q., Smith, J. F., & Wang, Y.-Z. 2015. Origin and evolution of Petrocosmea (Gesneriaceae) inferred from both DNA sequence and novel findings in morpholoogy with a test of morphology-based hypotheses. BMC Plant Biol. 15:167. doi: 10.1186/s12870-015-0540-3

Qu, X.-J. [et al. 2017], Wu, C.-S., Chaw, S.-M., & Yi, T.-S. 2017. Insights into the existence of isomeric plastomes in Cupressoideae (Cupressaceae). Genome Biol. Evol. 9: 1110-1119. doi: 10.1093/gbe/evx071

Qu, X.-J. [et al. 2019], Fan, S.-J., Wicke, S., & Yi, T.-S. 2019. Plastome reduction in the only parasitic gymnosperm Parasitaxus is due to losses of photosynthesis but not housekeeping genes and apparently involves the secondary gain of a large Inverted Repeat. Genome Biol. Evol. 11: 2789-2796.

Qu, X.-J. [et al. 2022], Zhang, X.-J., Cao, D.-L., Guo, X.-X., Mower, J. P., & Fan, S.-J. 2022. Plastid and mitochondrial phylogenomics reveal correlated substitution rate variation in Koenigia (Polygonoideae, Polygonaceae) and a reduced plastome for Koenigia delicatula including loss of all ndh genes. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 174:107544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107544

Qu, X.-J. [et al. 2023], Zou, D., Zhang, R.-Y., Stull, G. W., & Yi, T. S.. 2023. Progress, challenge and prospect of plant plastome annotation. Front. Plant Sci. 14: 1166140.

Quach, Q. N. [et al. 2023], Clay, K., Lee, S. T., Gardner, D. R., & Cook, D. 2023. Phylogenetic patterns of bioactive secondary metabolites produced by fungal endosymbionts in morning glories (Ipomoeeae, Convolvulaceae). New Phytol. 238: 1351-1361.

Quandt, D., & Stech, M. 2003. Molecular systematics of bryophytes in context of land plant phylogeny. Pp. 267-295, in Sharma, A. K., & Sharma, A. (eds), Plant Genome: Biodiversity and Evolution. Volume 1, part A. Phanerogams. Scientific Publications, Enfield, NH.

Quandt, D. [et al. 2004], Müller, K., Stech, M., Frahm, J.-P., Frey, W., Hilu, K. W., & Borsch, T. 2004. Molecular evolution of the chloroplast trnL-F region in land plants. Pp. 15-37, in Goffinet, B., Hollowell, V., & Magill, R. (eds), Molecular Systematics of Bryophytes. Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis, MO.

Quattrocchio, M. E. 2017. New fossil record of Lactoridaceae in the Paleogene of southern Patagonia (South America). Revista Mus. Argentino Cienc. Nat. N.S. 19: 71-84.

Quedensley, T. S. [et al. 2018], Gruenstaeudl, M., & Jansen, R. K. 2018. Phylogenetic relationships of the Mexican tussilaginoid genera (Asteraceae: Senecioneae). J. Bot. Research Inst. Texas 12: 481-498.

Queenborough, S. A. [et al. 2013], Metz, M. A., Valencia, R., & Wright, S. J. 2013. Demographic consequences of chromatic leaf defence in tropical tree communities: Do red young leaves increase growth and survival. Ann. Bot. 112: 677-684.

Quental, T. B., & Marshall, C. R. 2010. Diversity dynamics: Molecular phylogenies need the fossil record. Trends Ecol. Evol. 25: 434-441.

Quested, H. M. [et al. 2003], Cornelissen, J. H. C., Press, M. C., Callaghan, T. V., Aerts, R., Trosien, F., Riemann, P., Gwynn-Jones, D., Kondratchuk, A., & Jonasson, S. E. 2003. Decomposition of sub-Arctic plants with differing nitrogen economies: A functional role for hemiparasites. Ecology 84: 3209-3221.

Queva, C. 1894. Recherches sur l'anatomie de l'appareil végétatif des Taccacées et des Dioscorées. Mém. Soc. Sci. Agric. Lille, sér 4, 20: 1-457, pl. 1-18.

Quezada, I. M., & Gianoli, E. 2011. Crassulacean acid metabolism photosynthesis in Bromeliaceae: An evolutionary key innovation. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 104: 480-486.

Quezada, I. M. [et al. 2018], Gianoli, E., & Saldaña, A. 2018. Crassulacean acid metabolism and distribution range in Chilean Bromeliaceae: Influences of climate and phylogeny. J. Biogeog. 45: 1541-1549.

Quibell, C. H. 1941. Floral anatomy and morphology of Anemopsis californica. Bot. Gaz. 102: 749-758.

Quijano-Abril, M. A. [et al. 2006], Callejas-Posada, R., & Miranda-Esquivel, D. R. 2006. Areas of endemism and distribution patterns for Neotropical Piper species (Piperaceae). J. Biogeog. 33: 1266-1278.

Quilbé, J. [et al. 2021], Lamy, L., Brottier, L., Leleux, P., Fardoux, J., Rivallan, R., Benichou, T., Guyonnet, R.,l Becana, M., Villar, I., Garsmeur, O., Hufnagel, B., Delteil, A., Gully, D., Chaintreuil, C., Pervent, M., Cartieaux, F., Bourge, M.,s Valentin, N., Martin, G., Fontaine, L., Droc, G., Dereeper, A., Farmer, A., Libourel, C., Nouwen, N., Gressent, F., Mournet, P., D’Hont, A., Giraud, E., Klopp, C., & Arrighi, J.-F. 2021. Genetics of nodulation in Aeschynomene evenia uncovers mechanisms of the rhizobium–legume symbiosis. Nature Communic. 12:829. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21094-7

Quilichini, T. D. [et al. 2015], Grienenberger, E., & Douglas, C. j. 2015. The biosynthesis, composition and assembly of the outer pollen wall: A tough case to crack. Phytochem. 113: 170-182.

Quinn, C. J. 1986. Embryogeny in Phyllocladus. New Zealand J. Bot. 24: 575-579.

Quinn, C. J. [et al. 2002], Price, R. A., & Gadek, P. A. 2002. Familial concepts and relationships in the conifers based on rbcL and matK sequence comparisons. Kew Bull. 57: 513-531.

Quinn, C. J. [et al. 2003], Crayn, D. M., Heslewood, M. M., Brown, E. A., & Gadek, P. A. 2003. A molecular estimate of the phylogeny of Styphelieae (Ericaceae). Australian Syst. Bot. 16: 581-594.

Quinn, C. J. [et al. 2005], Brown, E. A., Heslewood, M. M., & Crayn, D. M. 2005. Generic concepts in Styphelieae (Ericaceae): The Cyathodes group. Australian Syst. Bot. 18: 439-454.

Quinn, C. J. [et al. 2015], Crowden, R. K., Brown, E. A., Southam, M. J., Thornhill, A. H., & Crayn, D. M. 2015. A reappraisal of the generic concepts of Epacris, Rupicola and Budawangia (Ericaceae, Epacridoideae, Epacrideae) based on phylogenetic analysis of morphological and molecular data. Australian Syst. Bot. 28: 63-77.

Quint, M., & Claßen-Bockhoff, R. 2006a. Phylogeny of Bruniaceae based on matK and ITS sequence data. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 167: 135-146.

Quint, M., & Claßen-Bockhoff, R. 2006b. Floral ontogeny, petal diversity and nectary uniformity in Bruniaceae. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 152: 459-477.

Quint, M., & Claßen-Bockhoff, R. 2008. Ancient or recent? Insights into the temporal evolution of the Bruniaceae. Organisms Diversity Environ. 8: 293-304.

Quintero, E. [et al. 2016], Genzoni, E., Mann, N., Nuttman, C., & Anderson, B. 2017 [= 2016]. Sunbird surprise: A test of the predictive power of the syndrome concept. Flora 232: 22-29.

Quintinar, A. [et al. 2007], Castroviejo, S., & Catalán, P. 2007. Phylogeny of the tribe Aveneae (Pooideae, Poaceae) inferred from plastid trnT-F and nucear ITS sequences. American J. Bot. 94: 1554-1569.

Quintinar, A. [et al. 2010], Catalán, P., & Castroviejo, S. 2010. A review of the systematics and phylogenetics of the Koeleriinae (Poaceae: Poeae). Pp. 539-556, in Seberg, O., Petersen, G., Barfod, A. S., & Davis, J. I. (eds), Diversity, Phylogeny, and Evolution in the Monocotyledons. Aarhus University Press, Århus.

Quintanar-Castillo, A., & Pace, M. R. 2022. Phloem wedges in Malpighiaceae: Origin, structure, diversification, and systematic relevance. EvoDevo 13:11. doi:10.1186/s13227-022-00196-3.

Quintero, I. [et al. 2024], Lartillot, N., & Morlon, H. 2024. Imbalances speciation pulses sustain the radiation of mammals. Science 384: 1007-1012.

Quirk, J. [et al. 2012], Beerling, D. J., Banwart, S. A., Kakonyi, G., Romero-Gonzalez, M. E., Leake, J. R. 2012. Evolution of trees and mycorrhizal fungi intensifies silicate mineral weathering. Biol. Lett. 8: 1006-1011. doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2012.0503

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Quirk, Z. J., & Hermsen, E. J. 2021 [= 2020]. Neogene Corylopsis seeds from eastern Tennessee. J. Syst. Evol. 59: 611-621.

Quiroga, M. P. [et al. 2016], Mathiasen, P., Iglesias, A., Mill, R. R., & Premoli, A. C. 2016. Molecular and fossil evidence disentangle the biogeographical history of Podocarpus, a key genus in plant geography. J. Biogeog. 43: 372-383.

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Raab, T. K. [et al. 1996], Lipson, D. A., & Monson, R. K. 1996. Non-mycorrhizal uptake of amino acids by the roots of the alpine sedge Kobresia myosurides: Implications for the alpine nitrogen cycle. Oecologia 108: 488-494.

Raab, T. K. [et al. 1999], Lipson, D. A., & Monson, R. K. 1999. Soil amino acid utilization among species of Cyperaceae: Plant and soil processes. Ecology 80: 2408-2419.

Rabaey, D. [et al. 2006], Lens, F., Smets, E., & Jansen, S. 2006. The micromorphology of pit membranes in tracheary elements of Ericales: New records of tori or pseudo-tori? Ann. Bot. 98: 943-951.

Rabaey, D. [et al. 2010], Lens, F., Smets, E., & Jansen, S. 2010. The phylogenetic significance of vestured pits in Boraginaceae. Taxon 59: 510-516.

Rabah, S. O. [et al. 2018], Shrestha, B., Hajrah, N. H., Sabir, M. J., Alharby, H. F., Sabir, M. J., Alhebshi, A. A., Sabir, J. S. M., Gilbert, L. E., Ruhlman, T. A., &. Jansen, R. K. 2019 [= 2018]. Passiflora plastome sequencing reveals widespread genomic rearrangements. J. Syst. Evol. 57: 1-14.

Rabarijaona, R. N. [et al. 2020], Dang, V.-C., Parmar, G., Liu, B., Wen, J., Chen, Z.-D., & Lu, L.-M. 2020. Phylogeny and taxonomy of Afrocayratia, a new genus of Vitaceae from continental Africa and Madagascar. J. Syst. Evol. 58: 1090-1107. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12697

Rabei, S. H. [et al. 2021], Serag, M. S., Abdallah, W. MH., & Nada, R. M. 2021. Comparative characterization of growth and phylogenetic relationship of some Poaceae C3 and C4 members in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Flora 285:151957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2021.151957

Rabeling, C. [et al. 2008], Brown, J. M., & Verhaagh M. 2008. Newly discovered sister lineage sheds light on early ant evolution. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 105: 14913-14917.

Rabinowitch, H. D., & Currah, L. 2002. Allium Crop Science: Recent Advances. CABI, Wallingford.

Rabinowitz, D. 1978. Dispersal properties of mangrove propagules. Biotropica 10: 47-57.

Rabosky, D. L. 2009. Ecological limits and diversification rate: Alternative paradigms to explain variation in species richness among clades and regions. Ecol. Lett. 12: 735-743.

Rabosky, D. L. 2010a. Evolutionary bangs and whimpers: Methodological advances and conceptual frameworks for studying exceptional diversification. Syst. Biol. 59: 615-618.

Rabosky, D. L. 2010b. Primary controls on species richness in higher taxa. Syst Biol. 59: 634-645.

Rabosky, D. L. 2010c. Extinction rates should not be estimated from molecular phylogenies. Evolution 64: 1816-1824.

Rabosky, D. L. 2017a. Phylogenetic tests for evolutionary innovation: The problematic link between key innovations and exceptional diversification. Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. B, 372:20160417. http://dx. doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0417

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Ronse Decraene, L. P., & Smets, E. 1995d. The floral development of Neurada procumbens L. (Neuradaceae). Acta Bot. Neerlandica 44: 439-451. [Reprinted with better illustrations - Acta Bot. Neerlandica 45: 229-241. 1996.]

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Ronse Decraene, L.-P., & Smets, E. 1998b. The floral development and anatomy of Carica papaya (Caricaceae). Canadian J. Bot. 77: 583-598.

Ronse Decraene, L.-P., & Smets, E. 1998c. Meristic changes in gynoecium morphology, exemplified by floral ontogeny and anatomy. Pp. 85-112, in Owens, S. J., & Rudall, P. J. (eds), Reproductive Biology in Systematics, Conservation and Economic Botany. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Ronse Decraene, L.-P., & Smets, E. 1999. Similarities in floral ontogeny and anatomy between the genera Francoa (Francoaceae) and Greyia (Greyiaceae). Internat. J. Plant Sci. 160: 377-393.

Ronse Decraene, L.-P., & Smets, E. 2000. Floral development of Galopina tomentosa with a discussion of sympetaly and placentation in the Rubiaceae. Syst. Geog. Plants 70: 155-170.

Ronse Decraene, L.-P., & Smets, E. 2001a. Floral developmental evidence for the systematic relationships of Tropaeolum (Tropaeolaceae). Ann. Bot. 88: 879-892.

Ronse Decraene, L.-P., & Smets, E. 2001b. Staminodes: Their morphological and evolutionary significance. Bot. Review 67: 351-402.

Ronse De Craene, L.-P., & Stuppy, W. 2010. Floral development and anatomy of Aextoxicon punctatum (Aextoxicaceae-Berberidopsidales): An enigmatic tree at the base of core eudicots. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 171: 244-257.

Ronse Decraene, L.-P., & Wanntorp, L. 2006. Evolution of floral characters in Gunnera (Gunneraceae). Syst. Bot. 31: 671-688.

Ronse De Craene, L.-P., & Wanntorp, L. 2008. Morphology and anatomy of the flower of Meliosma (Sabiaceae): Implications for pollination biology. Plant Syst. Evol. 271: 79-91.

Ronse De Craene, L.-P., & Wanntorp, L. 2009. Floral development and anatomy of Salvadoraceae. Ann. Bot. 104: 913-923.

Ronse de Craene, L.-P., & Wei, L. 2019. Floral development and anatomy of Macarthuria australis (Macarthuriaceae): Key to understanding the unusual initiation sequence of Caryophyllales. Australian Syst. Bot. 32: 49-60.

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Ronse Decraene, L.-P. [et al. 1997], Vanvinckenroye, P., & Smets, E. 1997. A study of the floral morphological diversity in Phytolacca (Phytolaccaceae) based on early floral ontogeny. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 158: 57-72.

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Ronse Decraene, L.-P. [et al. 1998b], Smets, E. F., & Vanvinckenroye, P. 1998b. Floral development and anatomy of Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae): What is the evidence for a Capparalean or Sapindalean affinity? Ann. Bot. 82: 273-284.

Ronse Decraene, L.-P. [et al. 1998c], Roels, P., Smets, E. F., & Backlund, A. 1998c. The floral development and floral anatomy of Chrysosplenium alternifolium, an unusual member of the Saxifragaceae. J. Plant Res. 111: 573-580.

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Ronse Decraene, L.-P. [et al. 2000a], Linder, P. H., & Smets, E. F. 2000a. The questionable relationship of Montinia (Montiniaceae): Evidence from a floral ontogenetic and anatomical study. American J. Bot. 87: 1408-1424.

Ronse Decraene, L.-P. [et al. 2000b], Smets, E., & Clinckemaillie, D. 2000b. Floral anatomy and ontogeny in Koelreuteria with special emphasis on monosymmetry and septal cavities. Plant Syst. Evol. 223: 91-107.

Ronse Decraene, L.-P. [et al. 2000c], Hong, S.-P., & Smets, E. 2000c. Systematic significance of fruit morphology and anatomy in tribes Persicarieae and Polygoneae (Polygonaceae). Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 134: 301-337.

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Simo-Droissart, M. [et al. 2018], Plunkett, G. M., Droissart, V., Edwards, M. B., Farminhão, J. N. M., Jecmenica, V., D'haijère, T., Lowry, P. P. II, Sonké, B., Micheneau, C., Carlsward, B. S., Azandi, L., Verlynde, S., Hardy, O. J., Martos, F., Bytebier, B., Fischer, E., & Stévart, T. 2018. New phylogenetic insights toward developing a natural generic classification of African angraecoid orchids (Vandeae, Orchidaceae). Molec. Phyl. Evol. 126: 241-249.

Simões, A. O. [et al. 2004], Endress, M., van der Niet, T., Kinoshita, L. S., & Conti, E. 2004. Tribal and intergeneric relationships of Mesechiteae (Apocynaceae, Apocynoideae): Evidence from three non-coding plastid DNA regions and morphology. American J. Bot. 91: 1409-1418.

Simões, A. O. [et al. 2006a], Endress, M., Quast, M. P., & Conti, E. 2006a. Molecular phylogenetics and character evolution of Tabernaemontaneae, a pantropical tribe of Apocynaceae. P. 256, in Botany 2006 - Looking to the Future - Conserving the Past. [Abstracts: Botanical Society of America, etc.]

Simões, A. O. [et al. 2006b], Endress, M., van der Niet, T., Kinoshita, L. S., & Conti, E. 2006b. Is Mandevillia (Apocynaceae, Mesechiteae) monophyletic? Evidence from five plastid DNA loci and morphology. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 93: 565-591.

Simões, A. O. [et al. 2007a], Livshultz, T., Conti, E., & Endress, M. E. 2007. Phylogeny and systematics of the Rauvolfioideae (Apocynaceae) based on molecular and morphological evidence. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 94: 268-297.

Simões, A. O. [et al. 2007b], Scatolin do Rio, M. C., de Moraes Castro, M., & Kinoshita, L. S. 2007b. Gynostegium morphology of Mesechiteae Miers (Apocynaceae, Apocynoideae) as it pertains to the classification of the tribe. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 168: 999-1012.

Simões, A. O. [et al. 2010], Endress, M., & Conti, E. 2010. Systematics and character evolution of Tabernaemontaneae (Apocynaceae, Rauvolfioideae) based on molecular and morphological evidence. Taxon 59: 772-790. [See also Erratum in Taxon 60: 615. 2011.]

Simões, A. O. [et al. 2016], Kinoshita, L. S., Koch, I., Silva, M. J., & Endress, M. E. 2016. Systematics and character evolution of Vinceae (Apocynaceae). Taxon 65: 99-122.

Simões, A. R., & Staples, G. 2017. Dissolution of Convolvulaceae tribe Merremieae and a new classification of the constituent genera. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 183: 561-586.

Simões, A. R. [et al. 2015], Culham, A., & Carine, M. 2015. Resolving the unresolved tribe: A molecular phylogenetic framework for the Merremieae (Convolvulaceae). Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 179: 374-387.

Simões, A. R. G. [et al. 2019], Furness, C. A., & da Luz, C. F. P. 2019. The systematic value of pollen morphology in Operculina (Convolvulaceae). Grana 58: 1-13.

Simões, A. R. G. [et al. 2022], Eserman, L. A., Zuntini, A. R., Chatrou, L. W., Utteridge, T. M. A., Maurin, O., Rokni, S., Roy, S., Forest, F., Baker, W. J., & Stefanovic, S. 2022. A bird’s eye view of the systematics of Convolvulaceae: Novel insights from nuclear genomic data. Front. Plant Sci. 13:889988. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.889988

Simon, A. [et al. 2006], Glöckner, G., Felder, M., Melkonian, M., & Becker, B. 2006. EST analysis of the scaly green flagellate Mesostigma viride (Streptophyta): Implications for the evolution of green plants (Viridiplantae). BMC Plant Biol. 6(1):2. doi: 10.1186/1471-2229-6-2

Simon, B. K. 2007. GrassWorld - interactive key and identification system of world grasses. Kew Bull. 62: 475-484.

Simon, B. K. 2007 [= 2008]. Grass phylogeny and classification: Conflict of morphology and molecules. Pp. 259-266, in Columbus, J. T., Friar, E. A., Porter, J. M., Prince, L. M., & Simpson, M. G. (eds), Monocots: Comparative Biology and Evolution. Poales. Rancho Santa Ana Botanical Garden, Claremont, Ca. [Aliso 23: 259-266.]

Simon, M. F. 2008. Systematics and Evolution of Mimosa L. (Leguminosae) and the Assembly of a Neotropical Plant Diversity Hotspot. Ph. D. Thesis, University of Oxford.

Simon, M. F., & Pennington, T. 2012. Evidence for adaptation to fire regimes in the tropical savannas of the Brazilian Cerrado. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 173: 711-723.

Simon, M. F. [et al. 2009], Grether, R., de Queiroz, L. P., Skema, C., Pennington, R. T., & Hughes, C. E. 2009. Recent assembly of the Cerrado, a Neotropical biodiversity hotspot, by in situ evolution of adaptations to fire. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 106: 20359-20364.

Simon, M. F. [et al. 2011], Grether, R., de Queiroz, L. P., Särkinen, T. E., Dutra, V. F., & Hughes, C. E. 2011. The evolutionary history of Mimosa (Leguminosae): Toward a phylogeny of the sensitive plants. American J. Bot. 98: 1201-1221.

Simon, M. F. [et al. 2015], Pastore, J. F. B., Souza, A. F., Borges, L. M., Scalon, V. R., Ribeiro, P. G., Santos-Silva, J., Souza, V. C., & Queiroz, L. P. 2016 [= 2015]. Molecular phylogeny of Stryphnodendron (Mimosoideae, Leguminosae) and generic delimitations in the Piptadenia group. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 1777: 44-59.

Simon, R. [et al. 2011], Holderied, M. W., Koch, C. U., & von Helversen, O. 2011. Floral acoustics: Conspicuous echoes of a disc-shaped leaf attract bat pollinators. Science 333: 631-633.

Simon, R. [et al. 2019], Matt, F., Santillan, V., Tschapka, M., Tuttle, M., & Halfwerk, W. 2019. An ultrasound absorbing inflorescence zone enhances echo-acoustic contrast of bat-pollinated cactus flowers. bioRχiv doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2019.12.28.890046

Simonin, K. A., & Roddy, A. B. 2018. Genome downsizing, physiological novelty, and the global dominance of flowering plants. PLoS Biol. 16(1):e2003706. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2003706

Simón-Porcar, V. [et al. 2024], Escudero, M., Santos-Gally, R., Sauquet, H., Schönenberger, J., Johnson, S. D., & Arroyo, J. 2024. Convergent evolutionary patterns of heterostyly across angiosperms support the pollination-precision hypothesis. Nature Communic. 15:1237.

Simonsen, A. K., & Stinchcombe, J. R. 2014. Herbivory eliminates fitness costs of mutualism exploiters. New Phytol. 202: 651-661.

Simonsen, A. K. [et al. 2017], Dinnage, R., Barrett, L. G., Prober, S. M., & Thrall, P. H. 2017. Symbiosis limits establishment of legumes outside their native range at a global scale. Nature Communic. 8:14790. http//dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14790

Simonsen, T. J. 2006. Fritillary phylogeny, classification, and larval host plants: Reconstructed mainly on the basis of male and female genitalic morphology (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Argynnini). Biol. J. Linnean Soc. 89: 627-673.

Simonsen, T. J. 2008. Phylogeny of the cactus-feeding phycitines and their relatives (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) based on adult morphology: Evaluation of adult character-systems in phycitine systematic and evidence for a single origin of Cactaceae-feeding larvae. Insect Syst. Evol. 39: 303-325.

Simonsen, T. J. [et al. 2011], Zakharov, E. V., Djernaes, M., Cotton, A. M., Vane-Wright, R. I., & Sperling, F. A. H. 2011. Phylogenetics and divergence times of Papilioninae (Lepidoptera) with special reference to the enigmatic genera Teinopalpus and Meandrusa. Cladistics 27: 113-137.

Simpson, A. G. [et al. 2022], Wing, S. L., & Fenster, C. B. 2022. Diversification in the Rosales is influenced by dispersal, geographic range size, and pre-existing species richness. American J. Bot. 109: 922-938.

Simpson, B. B. 1982. Krameria (Krameriaceae) flowers: Orientation and elaiophore morphology. Taxon 31: 517-528.

Simpson, B. B. 1989. Flora Neotropica. Monograph 49. Krameriaceae. New York Botanical Garden, New York.

Simpson, B. B. 2006. Krameriaceae. Pp. 208-212, in Kubitzki, K. (ed.), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Volume IX. Flowering Plants: Eudicots: Berberidopsidales, Buxales, Crossosomatales.... Springer, Berlin.

Simpson, B. B. 2009. Economic importance of Compositae. pp. 45-58, in Funk, V. A., Susanna, A., Stuessy, T. F. & Bayer, R. J. (eds), Systematics, Evolution, and Biogeography of Compositae. I.A.P.T.

Simpson, B. B. [et al. 1977a], Neff, J. L., & Seigler, D. L. 1977a. Krameria, free fatty acids and oil-collecting bees. Nature 267: 150-151.

Simpson, B. B. [et al. 1997b], Neff, J. L., & Moldenke, A. R. 1977b. Prosopis flowers as a resource. Pp. 84-107, in Simpson, B. B. (ed.), Mesquite: Its Biology in Two Desert Scrub Ecosystems. Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, Stroudsburg, VA. [US/IBP Synthesis Series 4.]

Simpson, B. B. [et al. 1983], Neff, J. L., & Seigler, D. L. 1983. Floral biology and floral rewards of Lysimachia (Primulaceae). American Midl. Naturalist 110: 249-256.

Simpson, B. B. [et al. 1990], Neff, J. L., & Dieringer, G. 1990. The production of floral oils by Monttea (Scrophulariaceae) and the function of tarsal pads in Centris bees. Plant Syst. Evol. 173: 209-222.

Simpson, B. B. [et al. 2003], Larkin, L. L., & Weeks, A. 2003. Progress towards resolving the relationships of the Caesalpinia group (Caesalpinieae: Caesalpinioideae: Leguminosae). Pp. 123-148, in Klitgaard, B. B. & Bruneau, A. (eds), Advances in Legume Systematics. Part 10. Higher Level Systematics. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Simpson, B. B. [et al. 2004], Weeks, A., Helfgott, D. M., & Larkin, L. L. 2004. Species relationships in Krameria (Krameriaceae) based on ITS sequences and morphology: Implications for character utility and biogeography. Syst. Bot. 29: 97-108.

Simpson, D. A. 1995. Relationships within Cyperales. Pp. 497-509, in Rudall, P. J., Cribb, P. J., Cutler, D. F., & Humphries, C. J. (eds), Monocotyledons: Systematics and Evolution. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Simpson, D. A. [et al. 2003], Furness, C. A., Hodkinson, T. R., Muasya, A. M., & Chase, M. W. 2003. Phylogenetic relationships in Cyperaceae subfamily Mapanioideae inferred from pollen and plastid DNA sequence data. American J. Bot. 90: 1071-1086.

Simpson, D. A. [et al. 2008], Muasya, A. M., Alves, M. V., Bruhl, J. J., Dhooge, S., Chase, M. W., Furness, C. A., Ghamkhar, K., Goetghebeur, P., Hodkinson, T. R., Marchant, A. D., Reznicek, A. A., Nieuwborg, R., Roalson, E. H., Smets, E., Starr, J. R., Thomas, W. W., Wilson, K. L., & Zhang, X. 2007 [= 2008]. Phylogeny of Cyperaceae based on DNA sequence data - a new rbcL analysis. Pp. 72-83, in Columbus, J. T., Friar, E. A., Porter, J. M., Prince, L. M., & Simpson, M. G. (eds), Monocots: Comparative Biology and Evolution. Poales. Rancho Santa Ana Botanical Garden, Claremont, CA. [Aliso 23: 72-83.]

Simpson, D. T. [et al. 2022], Weinman, L. R., Genung, M. A., Roswell, M., MacLeod, M., & Winfree, R. 2022. Many bee species, including rare species, are important for function of entire plant–pollinator networks. Proc. Royal Soc. B, 289:268920212689. http://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.2689

Simpson, G. G. 1949. Tempo and Mode in Evolution. Columbia University Press, New York.

Simpson, G. G. 1953. The Major Features of Evolution. Columbia University Press, New York.

Simpson, J. A., & Weiner, E. S. C. (eds.). 1989. Oxford English Dictionary. Ed. 2. Additions 1993-7 (J. Simpson & E. S. C. Weiner, eds); Michael Proffitt); Ed. 3 (in progress) Mar. 2000- (J. A. Simpson ed.), OED Online. Oxford University Press. http://dictionary.oed.com

Simpson, K. J. [et al. 2016], Ripley, B. S., Christin, P., Belcher, C. M., Lehmann, C. E. R., Thomas, G. H., & Osborne, C. P. 2016. Determinants of flammability in savanna grass species. J. Ecol. 104: 138-148.

Simpson, K. J. [et al. 2020], Jardine, E. C., Archibald, S., Forrestel, E. J., Lehmann, C. E. R., Thomas, G. H., & Osborne, C. P. 2021 [= 2020]. Resprouting grasses are associated with less frequent fire than seeders. New Phytol. 230: 832-844.

Simpson, L. [et al. 2022/2024], Clements, M., Orel, H., Crayn, D., & Nargar, K. 2022. Plastid phylogenomics clarifies broad-level relationships in Bulbophyllum (Orchidaceae) and provides insights into range evolution of Australasian section Adelopetalum. bioRχiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.24.500920 = Simpson, L. [et al. 2024], Clements, M., Orel, H., Crayn, D., & Nargar, K. 2024. Plastid phylogenomics clarifies broad-level relationships in Bulbophyllum (Orchidaceae) and provides insights into range evolution of Australasian section Adelopetalum. Front. Plant Sci.14:1219354. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1219354.

Simpson, M. G. 1985. Pollen ultrastructure of the Tecophilaeaceae. Grana 24: 77-92.

Simpson, M. G. 1988. Embryological development of Lachnanthes caroliniana (Haemodoraceae). American J. Bot. 75: 1394-1408.

Simpson, M. G. 1987. Pollen utrastructure of the Pontederiaceae; Evidence for exine homology with the Haemodoraceae. Grana 26: 113-126.

Simpson, M. G. 1990. Phylogeny and classification of the Haemodoraceae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77: 722-784.

Simpson, M. G. 1993. Septal nectary anatomy and phylogeny of the Haemodoraceae. Syst. Bot. 18: 593-613.

Simpson, M. G. 1998a. Reversal in ovary position from inferior to superior in the Haemodoraceae: Evidence from floral ontogeny. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 159: 466-479.

Simpson, M. G. 1998b. Haemodoraceae. Pp. 212-222, in Kubitzki, K. (ed.), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. IV. Flowering Plants: Monocotyledons. Alismatanae and Commelinanae (except Gramineae). Springer, Berlin.

Simpson, M. G. 2019. Plant Systematics. Ed. 3. Elsevier, Amsterdam.

Simpson, M. G., & Burton, D. H. 2006. Systematic floral anatomy of Pontederiaceae. Pp. 499-519 in Columbus, J. T., Friar, E. A., Porter, J. M., Prince, L. M., & Simpson, M. G. (eds), Monocots: Comparative Biology and Evolution. Excluding Poales. Rancho Santa Ana Botanical Garden, Claremont, Ca. [Aliso 22: 499-519.]

Simpson, M. G., & Hasenstab, K. E. 2009. Cryptantha of southern California. Crossosoma 35: 1-59.

Simpson, M. G., & Rudall, P. J. 1998. Tecophilaeaceae. Pp. 429-436, in Kubitzki, K. (ed.), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. III. Flowering Plants: Monocotyledons. Lilianae (except Orchidaceae). Springer, Berlin.

Simpson, M. G. [et al. 2006], Aerne, L., Fay, M. F., & Hopper, S. 2006. Phylogenetic analysis of the Haemodoraceae using morphological and molecular data and implications for classification and character evolution. P. 257, in Botany 2006 - Looking to the Future - Conserving the Past. [Abstracts: Botanical Society of America, etc.]

Simpson, M. G. [et al. 2017a], Johnson, L. A., Villaverde, T., & Guilliams, C. M. 2017a. American amphitropical disjuncts: Perspectives from vascular plant analyses and prospects for future research. American J. Bot. 104: 1600-1650.

Simpson, M. G. [et al. 2017b], Guilliams, C. M., Hasenstab-Lehman, K. E., Mabry, M. E., & Ripma, L. 2017b. Phylogeny of the popcorn flowers: Use of genome skimming to evaluate monophyly and interrelationshps in subtribe Amsinkiinae (Boraginaceae). Taxon 66: 1406-1420.

Simpson, N. 2010. Botanical symbols: A new symbol set for new images. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 162: 117-129. [Corrigendum to App. 2: Ibid. 162: 631-633.]

Simpson, W. R. [et al. 2015], Faville, M. J., Moraga, R. A., Williams, W. M., McManus, M. T., & Johnson, R. D. 2014. Epichloë fungal endophytes and the formation of synthetic symbioses in Hordeeae (=Triticeae) grasses. J. Syst. Evol. 52: 794-806.

Sims, H. J. 2010. Paleolatitudinal gradients in seed size during the Cretaceous-Tertiary radiation of angiosperms. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 171: 216-220.

Sims, H. J. 2012. The evolutionary diversification of seed size: Using the past to understand the present. Evolution 66: 1636-1649.

Sims, H. J. 2013. Morphological rates of angiosperm seed size evolution. Evolution 67: 1338-1346.

Sims, H. J., & McConway, K. J. 2003. Non-stochastic variation of species-level diversification rates within angiosperms. Evoution 57: 460-479.

Sims, H. J. [et al. 1998], Herendeen, P. S., & Crane, P. R. 1998. New genus of fossil Fagaceae from the Santonian (Late Cretaceous) of central Georgia, U.S.A.. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 159: 391-404.

Sims, H. J. [et al. 1999], Herendeen, P. S., Lupia, R., Christopher, R. A., & Crane, P. R. 1999. Fossil flowers with Normapolles pollen from the Upper Cretaceous of southeastern North America. Review Palaeobot. Palynol. 106: 131-151.

Sinclair, E. A. [et al. 2016], Statton, J., Hovey, R., Anthony, J. M., Dixon, K. W., & Kendrick, G. A. 2016. Reproduction at the extremes: Pseudovivipary, hybridization and genetic mosaicism in Posidonia australis (Posidoniaceae). Ann. Bot. 117: 237-247.

Sinclair, W. T. [et al. 2002], Mill, R. R., Garner, M. F., Woltz, P., Jaffré, T., Preston, J., Hollingsworth, M. L., Ponge, A., & Möller, M. 2002. Evolutionary relationships of the New Caledonian heterotrophic conifer, Parasitaxus usta (Podocarpaceae), inferred from chloroplast trnL-F intron/spacer and nuclear rDNA ITS2 sequences. Plant Syst. Evol. 233: 79-104.

Sindhu, A. [et al. 2008], Chintamanani, S., Brandt, A. S., Zanis, M., Scofield, S. R., & Johal, G. S. 2008. A guardian of grasses: Specific origin and conservation of a unique disease-resistance gene in the grass lineage. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 105: 1762-1767.

Singer, M. S. [et al. 2009], Mace, K. C., & Bernays, E. A. 2009. Self-medication as adaptive plasticity: Increased ingestion of plant toxins by parasitized caterpillars. PLoS ONE 4(3):e4796. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004796

Singer, R. 2011. Pollination through sexual mimicry in Neotropical Orchidaceae: Do they follow the same patterns of temperate and paleotropical taxa? P. 200, in XVIII International Botanical Congress 2011, Melbourne. [Abstracts.]

Singer, S. R. 2006. Inflorescence architecture - moving beyond description to development, genes and evolution. Pp. 98-113, in Ainsworth, C. (ed.), Flowering and Its Manipulation. Blackwell, Oxford. [Annual Plant Reviews 20.]

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Singh, A., & Dathan, A. S. R. 2001. Development and structure of seed coat in the Cucurbitaceae and its implications in systematics. Pp. 87-111, in Chauhan, S. V. S., & Chaturvedi, S. N. (eds), Botanical Essays: Tribute to Professor Bahadur Singh. Printwell, Jaipur.

Singh, A. K. [et al. 2011], Prabhakar, S. & Sane, S. P. 2011. The biomechanics of fast prey capture in aquatic bladderworts. Biol. Letters 7: 547550. doi: 10.1098/rsbl.2011.0057

Singh, B. 1951. A contribution to the floral morphology and embryology of Dendrophthoe falcata (L. f.) Ettingsh.. J. Linnean Soc. Bot. 53: 449-473, pl. 23.

Singh, B. 1952. Studies on the structure and development of seeds of the Cucurbitaceae: I — seeds of Echinocystis wrightii Cogn.. Phytomorph. 2: 201-209.

Singh, B. 1953. Studies on the structure and development of seeds of Cucurbitaceae. Phytomorph. 3: 224-239.

Singh, B., & Rastogi, R. P. 1970. Cardenolides - glycosides and genins. Phytochem. 9: 315-331.

Singh, D. 1963. Structure and development of ovule and seed of Viola tricolor L. and Ionidium suffruticosum Ging. J. Indian Bot. Soc. 42: 448-462, pl. 1.

Singh, D. 1970. Violaceae, Passifloraceae, Caricaceae, Cucurbitaceae. Indian National Sci. Acad. Bull. [Symposium: Comparative Embryology of Angiosperms] 41: 188-193, 199-204, 208-211, 212-219.

Singh, D., & Dathan, A. S. R. 1972 [= 1973]. Structure and development of seed coat in Cucurbitaceae. VI. Seeds of Cucurbita. Phytomorph. 22: 29-45.

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Singh, D. W., & Dathan, A. S. R. 1980. Seed coat anatomy of the Cucurbitaceae. Pp. 225-238, in Bates, R. D., Robinson, W., & Jeffrey, C. (eds), Biology and Utilization of the Cucurbitaceae. Cornell University Press, Ithaca.

Singh, D., & Gupta, S. 1967. The seeds of the Violaceae and Resedaceae - a comparison. J. Indian Bot. Soc. 46: 248-256.

Singh, H. 1961. The life history and systematic position of Cephalotaxus drupacea Sieb. et Zucc.. Phytomorph. 11: 153-197.

Singh, H. 1978. Embryology of Gymnosperms. Borntraeger, Berlin. [Handbuch der Pflanzenanatomie, Spez. Teil, vol. X, 2.]

Singh, H., & Maheshwari, K. 1962. A contribution to the embryology of Ephedra gerardiana Wall. Phytomorph. 12: 361-372.

Singh, K. K. [et al. 2009], Phogat, S., Dhillon, R. S., & Tomar, A. (eds). 2009. Neem. I.K. International Publishing House, New Delhi.

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Singh, P. [et al. 2022], Grone, N., Tewes, L. J., & Müller, C. 2022 Chemical defense acquired via pharmacophagy can lead to protection from predation for conspecifics in a sawfly. Proc. Royal Soc. B, 289:20220176. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2022.0176

Singh, R. P. 1962. Forms of ovules in Euphorbiaceae. Pp. 125-128, in Maheshwari, P. (ed.), Plant Embryology — a Symposium. CSIR, New Delhi.

Singh, R. P. 1968. Structure and development of seeds in Euphorbiaceae: Melanthesa rhamnoides Wt. Beitr. Biol. Pfl. 45: 127-133.

Singh, R. P. 1969. Structure and development of seeds in Euphorbia helioscopia. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 82: 287-293.

Singh, R. P. 1970. Structure and development of seeds in Putranjiva roxburghii Wall.. J. Indian Bot. Soc. 49: 99-105.

Singh, S. [Sanjay]. 2013. Guttation: Path, principles and functions. Australian J. Bot. 61: 497-515.

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Singh, V. 1965. Morphological and anatomical studies in Helobieae. II. Vascular anatomy of the flower of Potamogetonaceae. Bot. Gaz. 126: 137-144.

Singh, V. 1966. Morphological and anatomical studies in Helobieae. IX. Vascular anatomy of the flower of Hydrocharitaceae-Vallisnerioideae and Halophiloideae. Agra Univ. J. Res. Sci. 15: 84-106.

Singh, V., & Jain, D. K. 1978. Floral anatomy and systematic position of Cyrtandromoea. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. B, 87(2): 71-74.

Singh, V., & Sattler, R. 1972. Floral development of Alisma triviale. Canadian J. Bot. 50: 619-627.

Singh, V., & Sattler, R. 1973. Nonspiral androecium and gynoecium of Sagittaria latifolia. Canadian J. Bot. 51: 1093-1095.

Singh, V., & Sattler, R. 1974. Floral development of Butomus umbellatus. Canadian J. Bot. 55: 223-230.

Singh, V., & Sattler, R. 1977a. Development of the inflorescence and flower of Sagittaria cuneata. Canadian J. Bot. 55: 1087-1105.

Singh, V., & Sattler, R. 1977b. Floral development of Aponogeton nutans and A. undulatus. Canadian J. Bot. 55: 1106-1120.

Sinha, N. 1999. Leaf development in angiosperms. Annual Review Plant Physiol. Plant Molec. Biol. 50: 419-446.

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Smith, G. R., & Wan, J. 2019. Resource-ratio theory predicts mycorrhizal control of litter decomposition. New Phytol. 223: 1595-1606. doi: 10.1111/nph.15884

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Smith, J. F. 1996 [= 1997.] Tribal relationships within Gesneriaceae: A cladistic analysis of morphological data. Syst. Bot. 21: 497-513.

Smith, J. F. 2001. The phylogenetic relationships of Lembocarpus and Goyazia (Gesneriaceae) based on ndhF sequences. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 88: 135-143.

Smith, J. F., & Clark, J. L. 2013. Molecular phylogenetic analyses reveal undiscovered monospecific genera in the tribe Episcieae (Gesneriaceae). Syst. Bot 38: 451-463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1600/036364413X666723

Smith, J. F. [et al. 1997a], Brown, K. D., Carroll, C. L., & Denton, D. S. 1997a. Familial placement of Cyrtandromoea, Titanotrichum, and Sanango, three problematic genera of the Lamiales. Taxon 46: 65-74.

Smith, J. F. [et al. 1997b], Wolfram, J. C., Brown, K. D., Carroll, C. L., & Denton, D. S. 1997b. Tribal relationships in the Gesneriaceae: Evidence from DNA sequences of the chloroplast gene ndhF. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 84: 50-66.

Smith, J. F. [et al. 2004a], Hileman, L. C., Powell, M. P., & Baum, D. A. 2004a. Evolution of GCYC, a Gesneriaceae homolog of CYCLOIDEA, within Gesnerioideae (Gesneriaceae). Molec. Phyl. Evol. 31: 765-779.

Smith, J. F. [et al. 2004b], Draper, S. B., Hileman, L. C., & Baum, D. A. 2004b. A phylogenetic analysis within tribes Gloxinieae and Gesnerieae (Gesnerioideae: Gesneriaceae). Syst. Bot. 29: 947-958.

Smith, J. F. [et al. 2005], Stevens, A. C., & Davidson, C. 2005. A phylogenetic analysis of Piperaceae focusing on its major geographic centers of diversification and placement of African species. P. 144, in Botany 2005. Learning from Plants. [Abstracts: Botanical Society of America, etc.]

Smith, J. F. [et al. 2006], Funke, M. M., & Woo, V. L. 2006. A duplication of gcyc predates divergence within tribe Coronanthereae (Gesneriaceae): Phylogenetic analysis and evolution. Plant Syst. Evol. 261: 245-256.

Smith, J. F. [et al. 2008], Tepe, E. J., Stevens, A. C., & Davidson, C. 2008. Placing the origin of two species-rich genera in the late Cretaceous with later species divergence in the Tertiary: A phylogenetic, biogeographic and molecular dating analysis of Piper and Peperomia (Piperaceae). Plant Syst. Evol. 275: 9-30.

Smith, J. F. [et al. 2013], Ooi, M. T., Schulte, L., Amaya-Márquez, M., Pritchard, R., & Clark, J. L. 2013. Searching for monophyly in the subgeneric classification systems of Columnea (Gesneriaceae). Selbyana 31: 126-142.

Smith, J. R. [et al. 2017], Queenborough, S. A., Alvia, P., Romero-Saltos, H., & Valencia, R. 2017. No strong evidence for increasing liana abundance in the Myristicaceae of a Neotropical aseasonal rain forest. Ecology 98: 456-466.

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Smith, L. T. [et al. 2022], Magdalena, C., Przelomska, N. A. S., Pérez-Escobar, O. A., Melgar-Gómez, D. G., Beck, S., Negrão, R., Mian, S., Leitch, I. J., Dodsworth, S., Maurin, O., Ribero-Guardia, G., Salazar, C. D., Gutierrez-Sibauty, G., Antonelli, A., & Monro, A. K. 2022. Revised species delimitation in the giant water lily genus Victoria (Nymphaeaceae) confirms a new species and has implications for its conservation. Front. Plant Sci. 13:883151. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.883151

Smith, M. A. [et al. 2008], Rodriguez, J. J., Whitfield, J. B., Deans, A. R., Janzen, D. H., Hallwachs, W., & Hebert, P. D. N. 2008. Extreme diversity of tropical parasitoid wasps exposed by iterative integration of natural history, DNA barcoding, morphology, and collections. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 105: 12359-12364.

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Smith, S. Y., & Stockey, R. A. 2007b. Establishing a fossil record for the perianthless Piperales: Saururus tuckerae sp. nov. (Saururaceae) from the Middle Eocene Princeton chert. American J. Bot. 94: 1642-1657.

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Smith, S. Y. [et al. 2013a], Little, S. A., Cooper, R. L., Burnham, R. J., & Stockey, R. A. 2013a. A ranunculalean liana stem from the Cretaceous of British Columbia, Canada: Atli morinii gen. et sp. nov. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 174; 818-831.

Smith, S. [et al. 2013b], Benedict, J., Specht, C., Collinson, M., Leong-Äkornicková, J., Kvacek, J., Xiao, X., Fife, J., & Marone, F. 2013b. Reevaluation of the oldest fossils in Zingiberales and implications for inferring the evolutionary history of gingers, bananas, and relatives. Pp. 43-44, in Botany 2013. Celebrating Diversity! July 27-31 - New Orleans. Abstracts.

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