A Grammatical Dictionary of Botanical Latin

twisted, syn. spiralled, arranged in a spiral or helix around a longitudinal axis: anfractuosus,-a,-um (part.A), full of windings and intricate turnings, tortuous, sinuous, flexuose, spirally twisted (this meaning rare); “twisted or rather sinuous, like the anther of a Cucurbit” (Lindley); contortus,-a,-um (part.A) ' irregularly twisted, bent into irregular curves;’ funalis,-e (adj.B), ‘twisted like a rope;’ gyrosus,-a,-um (adj.A), curved backwards and forwards in turn, spiral; helicoideus,-a,-um (adj.A) helicoid, spirally twisted; tortus,-a,-um (part.A), ’twisted, bent, wound;’ tortilis,-e (adj.B) ‘twisted;’ torsivus,-a,-um (adj.A) ‘twisted spirally’ (Stearn), also ‘plicate and contorted, contortiplicate’ (Kiger & Porter 2001); torquatus,-a,-um (adj.A): 'adorned with a collar or zone, twisted, as wearing a twisted collar or necklace;' tortuosus,-a,-um (adj.A): 'tortuous, bent or twisted in different directions, involved, complicated, irregularly twisted, intricate; see contorted, crispatus,-a,-um (part.A); see helicoid, spiral, zigzag; cf. twining;

- trichomata plerumque funiformi-contorta, trichomes commonly twisted like a rope.

- frustula circum axem apicalem torta, frustules twisted around the apical axis (Stearn 1983).

- trichomata simplicia libera mobilia cochleatim tortilia apicem versus attenuata, trichomes simple free mobile spirally twisted towards apex, narrowed.

- trichomata elongata inferne recta superne uncinata vel per totam longitudinem in spiram laxam plus minusve irregularem contorta, apice attenuata, trichomes elongated, below straight, above hooked or for the whole length in a loose spiral more or less irregularly twisted, at the tip attenuate (Stearn).

NOTE: of aestivation: “contorted or twisted (contorta, torsiva, convoluta) when each part successively overlaps the one in front and is overlapped by the one behind so that each part has an inner covered margin and an outer exposed margin, the direction being to the right (dextrorsum) or to the left (sinistrorsum) as viewed form the outside (cf. clockwise, twining)” (Stearn); see aestivation.

NOTE: Twining, (volubilis,-e (adj.B)), a weak stem that twines in a serpentine form round other plants; also Twisted, (tortilis,-e (adj.B)), when it is spirally twisted, or forms a serpentine line (Willdenow).

spirally twisted: anfractuosus,-a,-um (part.A): sinuous, spirally twisted; helicoideus,-a,-um (adj.A) helicoid, spirally twisted; torsivus,-a,-um (adj.A) ‘twisted spirally’(Stearn 1983); see coiled.

in a twisted manner, crookedly: torte (adv.), contorte (adv.); see spirally. typicus,-a,-um (adj.A): in Gk. typikos, figurative, typical; periodical, recurring at intervals; agreeing with or representing the type or form of a group;

- pro parte quoad plantam typicam, in part as regards the type plant.

atypicus,-a,-um (adj.A): not typical, abnormal;

- [lichen] forma fere ecrustacea et atypica est Calicium discoidale Ach.(Ny.), a form that is nearly thallus-less and atypical [i.e. abnormal] is Calicium discoidale.

twisted-:

in L. comp. torti-;

- tortifolius, with twisted leaves; tortispinus, with twisted spines or thorns.

in Gk. comp. strepto-, q.v.;

- Streptocalypta,-ae (s.f.I), veiled with a twisted calyptra or veil, calyptra; Streptopogon, with a twisted beard, from the twisted peristome; Streptopus,-i (s.m.II) Michx., Twisted-stalk, from streptos, twisted and pous, foot or stalk; Streptotrichum, with twisted peristome teeth.

twisted, liable to twist: tortilis,-e (adj.B).

twisted together: conglomeratus,-a,-um (part.A), rolled or wound together, conglomerated; to press together; contortus,-a,-um (part.A), twisted together, intertwined.

twisted from left to right, twining with the sun: eutropicus,-a,-um (adj.A).