A Grammatical Dictionary of Botanical Latin

FIRST DECLENSION NOUNS: typically of the feminine gender:

NOTE: plural case endings:

all of the following forms of Latin first declension nouns in the plural have endings like standard Latin plural case endings:

plural

Nom. –ae
Gen. –arum
Dat. –is
Acc. –as
Abl. –is

NOTE: also all first declension nouns in the dative singular end in –ae.

I. Latin (standard, pure Latin endings) nom.sg. : -a,-ae (s.f.I).

II. Greek (transliterated); four declensional forms (paradigms) of Latinized Greek first declension nouns of the feminine and masculine genders are as follows: TYPE A; TYPE B; TYPE C; TYPE D:

TYPE A: Greek nouns ending in eta in the nom.sg. are transliterated into Latin with either a final –a, or final –e:

a) -a nom.sg. endings use standard first declension endings (theca,-ae), however:

b) -e nom.sg. endings have a special paradigm (thece,-es). 1. exceptions: two first declension Greek nouns used in botany are Latinized with an –a in the nominative singular, but the rest of the paradigm follows that of the –e ending nouns: see “Botany;” see “America;”

i. Botanica,-es (s.f.I), ‘botany,’ botanices, botanicae, botanicen, botanice with plural endings as in those of standard Latin first declension nouns; see Botany; also;

ii. America,-ae (s.f.I), ‘America,’ Americes, Americae, Americen, Americe with plural endings as in those of standard Latin first declension nouns.

NOTE: apparently the noun rhiza (s.f.I),-es, ‘root,’ is also declined like Botanica and America; see rhiza,-es (s.f.I).

TYPE B: raphe,-es (s.f.I), ‘suture;’ there is no ‘–a’ alternative ending in the nom.sg.

NOTE: TYPE B (i.) Danae,-es (s.f.I): there are a small set of some seven generic names (nouns) derived from Greek,that appear to end in –ae in the nom sg. and –aes in the gen.sg. These are actually type B first declension nouns like raphe,-es (s.f.I) whose stems end in –a (alpha) and to which the –e,-es endings apply.

TYPE C: cometes,-ae (s.m.I),‘comet.’

TYPE D: Satanas,-ae (s.m.I), the Devil.

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I. Latin (standard, pure Latin endings): br>

          singular     plural                 singular   plural 

  Nom.    -a          -ae           Nom.   rosa      rosae
  Gen.    -ae         -arum       Gen.   rosae     rosarum
  Dat.    -ae         -is            Dat.   rosae     rosis  
  Acc.    -am         -as          Acc.   rosam     rosas
  Abl.     -a           -is           Abl.   rosa        rosis

NOTE: some standard first declension Latin nouns are masculine in gender: e.g. agricola,-ae (s.m.I), a farmer; collega,-ae (s.m.I), a colleague; incola,-ae (s.m/f I), inhabitant; indigena,-ae (s.f.I), a native, indigenous person; nauta,-ae (s.m.(f.)I), sailor; poeta,-ae (s.m.I): a poet; scriba,-ae (s.f.I): a writer; see agent (Eng.noun).

NOTE: Latinized Greek nouns ending in –ma are:

1. first declension feminine nouns (-ma, gen.sg. –mae),

NOTE: see -ma, gen.sg.-mae.

2. third declension neuter nouns (-ma, gen.sg. –matis). < br>
NOTE: see -ma, gen.sg.–matis.

EXAMPLES OF WORDS with standard first declension endings: axilla,-ae (s.f.I), axil; bacca,-ae (s.f.I), berry; bractea,-ae (s.f.I), bract; capsula,-ae (s.f.I); coma,-ae (s.f.I), ‘terminal tuft’; corolla,-ae (s.f.I), corolla; crusta,-ae (sf.I), crust; familia,-ae (s.f.I, family; gemma,-ae (s.f.I), bud; gluma,-ae (s.f.I), glume; herba ,-ae (s.f.I), herb, plant; macula,-ae (s.f.I), spot. blotch; ocrea,-ae (s.f.I), greave; papilla,-ae (s.f.I); petra,-ae (s.f.I), rock, stone; planta,-ae (s.f.I)(plant); squama,-ae (s.f.I), scale; valva,-ae (s.f.I), valve.

NOTE: the nominative and accusative plurals of neuter second declension nouns end in –a: e.g. folium,-ii (s.n.II), nom. & acc. pl. folia (pl.n.II); see Second Declension.

EXAMPLES OF GENERA with standard first declension endings (after Stearn):

Acacia,-ae (s.f.I); Achillea,-ae (s.f.I); Ambrosia,-ae (s.f.I); Bacopa,-ae (s.f.I); Barbarea,-ae (s.f.I); Bumelia,-ae (s.f.I); Bursa,-ae (s.f.I); Capsella,-ae (s.f.I); Dentaria,-ae (s.f.I); Eclipta,-ae (s.f.I); Eichornia,-ae (s.f.I); Festuca,-ae (s.f.I); Gentiana,-ae (s.f.I); Lactuca,-ae (s.f.I); Pyrola,-ae (s.f.I); Rosa,-ae (s.f.I); Saponaria,-ae (s.f.I); Stellaria,-ae (s.f.I); Veronica,-ae (s.f.I); Viola,-ae (s.f.I).

Generic names taken from Latin words: Avena, Beta, Castanea, Ferula, Genista, Hedera, Malva, Rosa etc. (Stearn).

Generic names taken from personal names: Abelia,-ae (s.f.I); Anaxagorea,-ae (s.f.I), Barista, Bonnemaisonia, Fuchsia, Jania, Lejeunea, Lobelia, Watsonia (Stearn).

Generic names taken from non-Latin languages: Alchemilla,-ae (s.f.I), Akebia, Aucuba, Bersama, Dilsea, Kirengeshoma, Madhuca, Nandina, Retama, Rorippa, Vanilla, Yucca, Zebrina (Stearn).br>
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II. Greek (transliterated): four forms (paradigms or types) of Latinized Greek first declension nouns of the feminine and masculine genders are as follows: TYPE A; TYPE B; TYPE C; TYPE D.

TYPE A: Greek nouns ending in eta transliterated into Latin with either final –a, or final –e:

a) a endings use standard first declension endings.

b) e endings have a special paradigm.

Historically, the Romans at first transliterated Greek first declension nouns ending in eta by spelling them with an –a ending, and using their regular first declension paradigm, as given above. Later, as they became more sophisticated with regard to ancient Greek culture, they adopted a second paradigm for these same words, retaining the final eta, spelling them with an –e ending, and giving them a different declensional form, which is as follows:


         b) nom.sg.: -ē, gen.sg. -ēs (s.f.I) [= Greek –E, -Es (E = eta)]:

	     singular     plural
Nominative	-ē	      -ae
Genitive	-ēs	      -ārum
Dative	-ae	      -īs
Accusative	-ēn	      -ās
Ablative	-ē	      -īs

Note: the dative singular and all the cases in the plural are the same as pure or standard Latin endings. Only in the singular are there differences in endings for nouns ending in –e.

a) Theca,-ae (s.f.I) b) Thece,-es (s.f.I)

                  singular    plural                     singular   plural
Nominative  theca     thecae	       Nominative thece    thecae
Genitive	thecae    thecarum     Genitive   theces   thecarum
Dative	thecae    thecis         Dative     thecae   thecis
Accusative	thecam    thecas        Accusative thecen   thecas
Ablative	theca     thecis         Ablative   thece    thecis

    Dimorphotheca,-ae (s.f.I)            Aphanothece,-es (s.f.I)
    Sarcediotheca,-ae (s.f.I)            Cyamathece,-es (s.f.I)

NOTE: in generic names, if an author chooses the –a ending, the genus must use the standard Latin declensional form for the first declension. If the author chooses the –e ending, the second paradigm must be used for these names.

Generic names ending in ‘theca,-ae:’

Acanthotheca, Adenotheca, Ailotheca, Arctotheca, Campylotheca, Dimorphotheca, Gonotheca, Helminthotheca, Heterotheca, Omalotheca, Podotheca, Rhabdotheca, Stenotheca, Trigonotheca

Generic names ending in ‘thece,-es:’

Aphanothece, Cymathece, Dichazothece, Neoxythece, Oxythece, Pleurothece, Pseudoxythece.


       singular                     plural             singular       plural
            -theca,-ae (s.f.I)                 -thece,-es (s.f.I)
Nom. Dimorphotheca   Dimorphothecae    Nom. Cymathece              Cymathecae
Gen. Dimorphothecae  Dimorphothecarum  Gen. Cymatheces  Cymathecarum
Dat. Dimorphothecae  Dimorphothecis    Dat. Cymathecae  Cymathecis
Acc. Dimorphothecam  Dimorphothecas    Acc. Cymathecem  Cymathecas
Abl. Dimorphotheca   Dimorphothecis    Abl. Cymathece   Cymathecis

NOTE: all epithets in binomials ending in either –theca or –thece are nouns in apposition; see ‘apposition, nouns in.’ They are not adjectives, i.e. there is no –thecus,-a,-um (adj.A), ‘-thecous;’ e.g. Oxystegus cylindrotheca (Oxystegus,-i (s.m.II) cylindrotheca,-ae (s.f.I), acc. sg. Oxystegum cyindrothecam, abl.sg. Oxystego cylindrotheca. Note the binomial represents two nouns with two different genders.

Epithets ending in –theca,-ae (s.f.I):

Aloina leptotheca; Alsine macrotheca; Amauropelta sect. Blepharitheca; Ammannia subg. Cryptotheca; Ammannia subg. Ditheca; Amylotheca; Andropogon microtheca; Angiopteris polytheca; Anomatheca sect. Anomatheca; Antirrhinum ceratotheca; Atriplex calotheca; Atriplex hymenotheca.

Epithets ending in –thece,-es (s.f.I):

Epidendrum trachythece; Maxillaria poicilothece; Monanthos rhytidothece; Stelis calothece, Chromatotriccum trachythece; Dendrobium xanthothece.

NOTE: other Greek nouns with dual endings in either –a,-ae (s.f.I) and also –e,-es in the nom.sg. include:

epitoma,-ae (s.f.I), epitomE,-Es (s.f.I), an epitome, q.v.; Europa,-ae (s.f.I), Europe,-es (s.f.I); Gk. Libya,-ae (s.f.I), LibyE,-Es (s.f.I); nympha,-ae (s.f.I), nymphe,-es (s.f.I), nymph, q.v.; Physica,-ae (s.f.I), also PhysicE, Es (s.f.I) = Gk. physikE,-Es (s.f.I), “natural science, natural philosophy, physic” (Lewis & Short).

Greek nouns of the first declension, ending in either –a or –e in the nom. sg., include:

[I] compounds in –chaeta,-ae (s.f.I), abl.sg. –chaeta; or –chaete,-es (s.f.I), abl.sg. -chaete, ‘bristle:’ see –chaete,-es (s.f.I);

Amphochaeta,-ae (s.f.I) Pleurochaete,-es (s.f.I).

NOTE: that there are also adjectives ending in –chaetus,-chaeta,-chaetum (adj.A), q.v. Care must be taken to determine that an epithet ending in –chaeta is either an adjective or a noun alternative (i.e. noun in apposition): ‘chaeta,-ae’ (s.f.I).

NOTE: the following epithets are all first declension fem. nouns ending in genitive singular: Macrogonidia Vaucheriae, Macrogonidia Bulbochaetes, Macrogonidia Cuttleriae; Gonidia Coleochaetes, Gonidia Chaetophorae etc.(Braun).

[II] compounds in –coma,-ae (s.f.I), abl.sg. –coma; or –come,-es (s.f.I), abl.sg. –come, ‘tuft, bunch or head of hair”; see –coma,-ae (s.f.I);

Callicoma,-ae (s.f.I) Chrysocome,-es (s.f.I).

[III] Generic nouns (rare) ending -cotyla,-ae (s.f.I) also have several genera ending in –cotyle,-es (s.f.I), abl.sg. –cotyle [Gk. kotylE]; see cotyl (Eng.noun), a ‘cup;’ see cotula,-ae (s.f.I).

[IV] Generic nouns ending in –chloa,-ae (s.f.I), also have genera ending in –chloe,-es (s.f.I), q.v.,

Generic names ending in –chloa,-ae (s.f.I):

Echinochloa,-ae (s.f.I), Eriochloa,-ae (s.f.I), Heleochloa,-ae (s.f.I), Leptochloa,-ae (s.f.I); Scolochloa,-ae (s.f.I); Xerochloa,-ae (s.f.I). Generic names ending in –chloe,-es (s.f.I):

Buchloe,-es (s.f.I); Epichloe,-es (s.f.I); Hierochloe,-es (s.f.I).

[V] Generic nouns ending in –gona,-ae (s.f.I) also have genera ending in –gone,-es (s.f.I); see –gonE,-es (s.f.I) [> Gk. gonE,-es (s.f.I), that which is begotten, offspring, progeny, children; that which engenders].

[VI] Generic nouns ending in -gyne,-es (s.f.I), q.v.; in Greek comp., -gyne is originally an irregular THIRD declension noun [> Gk. gynE (s.f.III), gen.sg. gynaikos, a woman]; its stem is gynaik-, to which it is difficult to apply Latinized endings.

Following the example of Bentham and Hooker and of Ferdinand Mueller, this noun ending is inflected like ‘raphe,-es,’ a first declension feminine noun ending in –eta; see –gyne,-es (s.f.I).

Coelogyne,-es (s.f.I):

	     singular     plural                     singular       plural
Nominative	-ē	      -ae        Nom.   	Coelogynē	   Coelogynae
Genitive	-ēs	      -ārum      Gen.	Coelogynēs	   Coelogynārum
Dative	-ae	      -īs         Dat.	Coelogynae   Coelogynīs
Accusative	-ēn	      -ās        Acc.	Coelogynēn	   Coelogynās
Ablative	-ē	      -īs         Abl.	Coelogynē	   Coelogynīs

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TYPE B: raphe,-es (s.f.I), ‘suture.’ These first declension nouns end in –e in the nominative singular, and have no –a alternative. They are declined as follows:

     singular     plural      raphe,-es (s.f.I), a seam, suture
Nom.	raphē	      raphae
Gen.	raphēs	raphārum
Dat.	raphae	raphīs
Acc.	raphēn	raphās
Abl.	raphē	      raphīs

In Greek raphE (s.f.I): a seam; suture (of the skull); stiching, sewing (Liddell & Scott)).

botane,-es (s.f.I), in Gk.: “pasture; fodder; herb; in pl., plants (as material for making clothes, opp. dorai); weeds; cf. botanEphagos,-on (adj.), ‘herbivorous;’ cf. botanEphoros,-on (adj., herb-bearing; cf. botanidion (s.n.II), also botanion (s.n.II) dim. of botanE” (after Liddell & Scott);

         singular      plural
   Nom.  botane   botanae
   Gen.  botanes  botanarum
   Dat.  botanae  botanis
   Acc.  botanen  botanas
   Abl.  botane    botanis

Also graphicE,-es (s.f.I), acc.sg. graphicen > Gk. graphikE sc. technE) “the art of painting” (Glare); micropyle,-es (s.f.I), q.v.

Aloe,-es (s.f.I); Alsine,-es (s.f.I); Anemone,-es (s.f.I); Cybele,-es (s.f.I) (Orchidaceae; Proteaceae); Silene,-es (s.f.I); Orobanche,-es (s.f.I); Terpsichore,-es (s.f.I), the muse of dancing (Grammitidaceae); Melpomene,-es (s.f.I) (Grammitidaceae); Eleusine,-es (s.f.I), Demeter(Poaceae); Eurynome,-es (s.f.I), a genus in an unknown family (DeCandolle); Euterpe,-es (s.f.I), the muse of harmony (Arecaceae).

Cardamina,-ae (s.f.I) in Latin, > Gk. KardaminE,-es (s.f.I) “a cress-like plant” (Lewis & Short);

- Cardaminae circaeoidi affinis, related to Cardamine circaeoides [dat.sg.].

Eleusine,-es (s.f.I), Demeter (Poaceae):

- Genus Eleusini prae aliis affine (B&H), the genus is related to Eleusine more than others. [note the dat.sg. is Eleusinae].

Erysiphe,-es R. Hedw. Ex DeCandolle, q.v.(Erysiphaceae).

Daphne,-es (s.f.I), the laurel-tree, bay-tree; “the daughter of the river-god Peneus; she was changed into a laurel-tree” (Lewis & Short).

     singular     plural      
Nom.	daphnē	daphnae
Gen.	daphnēs	daphnārum
Dat.	daphnae	daphnīs
Acc.	daphnēn	daphnās
Abl.	daphnē	daphnīs

[I] Generic compounds in –anthE,-Es (s.f.I),“a blossom or bloom:” Elisanthe,-es (s.f.I); Galianthe,-es (s.f.I); Ianthe,-es (s.f.I); Oxyanthe,-es (s.f.I); see –anthe,-es (s.f.I).

NOTE: there are no botanical generic names ending in –antha,-ae (s.f.I). (tropicos). Epithets ending in –antha are adjectives: -anthus,-a,-um (adj.A), q.v.

Galianthe,-es (s.f.I)

          singular                plural    
Nom.  Galianthe   -e       Galianthae        -ae 
Gen.  Galianthes  -es      Galiantharum      -arum  
Dat.  Galianthae  -ae      Galianthis        -is
Acc.  Galianthen  -en      Galianthas        -as  
Abl.    Galianthe   -e       Galianthis        -is

[II] Generic compounds ending in -cybe,-es (s.f.I), q.v.: in Gk. comp. ‘the head’ (e.g. of a mushroom); the noun suffix retains the terminal Greek eta [> Gk. kybE,-es, ‘head’ (Liddell & Scott)]; this suffix does not occur in –a,-ae (s.f.I), and so is declined like raphe,-es (s.f.I).

Calocybe,-es (s.f.I); Coniocybe,-es (s.f.I); Psilocybe,-es (s.f.I).

NOTE: there is no adj. –cybus,-a,-um (adj.A): nor a generic name ending in –cyba,-ae (s.f.I); -see –cybe,-es (s.f.I).

[III] Compounds in –thele,-es (s.f.I): nipple [> Gk. thElE (s.f.I), papilla, mammilla, nipple; ‘the part of the breast which gives suck, the teat, nipple; papilla]; see –thele,-es (s.f.I). As epithets, these compounds always appear to be nouns in apposition; see –thele,-es (s.f.I).

On analogy with raphE,-Es (s.f.I):

     singular     plural      thēlē,- ēs (s.f.I), nipple.
Nom.	thēlē	      thēlae
Gen.	thēlēs	thēlārum
Dat.	thēlae      thēlis
Acc.	thēlēn	thēlās
Abl.	thēlē 	thēlis

A binomial declined:

Cactus,-i (s.m.II) macrothele,-es (s.f.I)

         singular                     plural     
Nom. Cactus  macrothele     Cacti macrothelae
Gen. Cacti   macrotheles    Cactorum macrothelarum
Dat. Cacto   macrothelae    Cactis macrothelis
Acc. Cactum  macrothelem    Cactos macrothelas
Abl. Cacto   macrothele     Cactis macrothelis

[IV.] Generic compounds ending in –achne,-es (s.f.I), q.v., ‘having such a husk, bract;’ mostly in the Poaceae; there are no alternatives in –achna,-ae (s.f.I) nor adjectives in –achnus,-a,-um (adj.A).

Anthosachne,-es (Poaceae).

- ab Anthosachne differt, it differs from Anthosachne [abl.sg.].

[V] Generic compounds ending in -coryne,-es (s.f.I), q.v., ‘club:’ Microcoryne, -es (s.f.I). These suffices do not end in –coryna,-ae (s.f.I), nor have they associated adjectives –corynus,-a,-um (adj.A).

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TYPE B (i): Danae = nom.sg., Danaes = gen.sg. [Dana–e; gen.sg. Dana –es] (Asparagaceae)

Danae,-es (s.f.I):


                 singular     plural              singular        plural
    Nom.	danaē	danaae          Nom. dana-E    Nom. dana-ae
    Gen.	danaēs	danaārum        Gen. dana-Es   Gen. dana-Arum
    Dat.	danaae	danaīs           Dat. dana-ae   Dat. dana-is
    Acc.	danaēn	danaās          Acc. dana-En   Acc. dana-As
    Abl.	danaē	danaīs           Abl. dana-E    Abl. dana-Is

Other generic names declined this way with an apparent –ae ending in the nom.sg. include Chrysophae,-es (s.f.I); Cornucopiae,,-es (s.f.I); Hippophae,-es (s.f.I); Leucophae-es (s.f.I); Miureae,-es (s.f.I); Pelae,-es (s.f.I); Squamae,-es (s.f.I), q.v.

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TYPE C: cometes,-ae (s.m.I),‘comet’

          singular   plural  
Nom.  cometes  cometae
Gen.  cometae  cometarum
Dat.  cometae  cometis
Acc.  cometen  cometas
     so cometem       
Abl.  comete   cometis

NOTE: from Gk. komEtEs,-ou (s.m.I) a comet; wearing long hair, with hair on the head (opp. bald) (Liddell & Scott); “a luminous body int the sky having a train or tail, a comet or meteor” (Glare).

NOTE: only in the singular are there differences in endings for nouns ending in –es, gen.sg.-ae. In the plural they are the same as the standard Latin first declension.

NOTE: in ancient Greek grammar:

1. Greek First Declension nouns ending in –E are masculinized by the addition of –s in the nominative singular: -Es.

2. Their genitive singular in Greek ends in the masculine ending –ou; cf. komEtEs,-ou (s.m.I).

Otherwise, masc. nouns in Greek follow the basic rules for all other ancient Greek first declension nouns.

1. -idae,-idarum (animal family suffix), q.v., [noun plural suffix from L. (pl. of -ides, masc. patronymic suffix (from Gk. -idai, pl. of -ides, masc patronymic suffix, as in

Alcmaeonidae, Homeridae, Seleucidae [WIII]):

1. also: Homeronides,-ae (s.m.I): an imitator of Homer (Lewis & Short).

hoplItes,-ae (s.m.I) = Gk. (h)oplitEs, a heavy-armed man (Lewis & Short)

2. in names of families of animals, substituted for the last syllable of the genitive case of the name of the type genus (Aphididae from Aphis,-idis, Equidae from Equus, gen. sg. Equi) (WIII);

NOTE: this is a feminine nom. plural, gen.pl. = -arum; see First Declension: TYPE C: cometes,-ae (s.m.I),‘comet.’

Aphis, gen.sg. Aphidis (s.f.III): Aphid- + -idae > Aphididae.

Canis, gen.sg. Canis: Can- + -idae > Canidae. Equus, gen.sg. Equi (s.m.II) = Equ- + -idae > Equidae.

Felis, gen.sg. Felis (s.f.III) = Fel- + -idae.

Mus, gen.sg Muris (s.m.III), a mouse, the type genus.

Muris, Mur-is = Mur- + -idae:

     singular     plural            singular    plural
Nom.  –idEs        -idae         MuridEs     Muridae
Gen.  –idae        -idarum      Muridae     Muridarum
Dat.  –idae        -idis           Muridae     Muridis
Acc.  –iden        -idas         Muriden     Muridas
        -idem                       Muridem
Abl.   –ide         -idis           Muride      Muridis

- ad membranam peritrophicam larvarum Simuliidarum affixi, affixed to the peritrophic membrane of Simuliidae larvae.

2. (suffix) –archEs-ae (s.m.I, Gk. noun suffix = chief, principle ‘-arch);

      singular  plural
Nom.  –archEs   -archae    > Gk. -arch  (ruler, leader)
Gen.  –archae   -archarum
Dat.  –archae   -archis
Acc.  –archen   -archas
Abl.  –archE    -archis

cypriarches,-ae (s.m.I), a prefect of Cyprus (Lewis & Short); mysteriarches,-ae (s.m.I) = Gk. mystEriarchEs, “the presider over secret sacred rites (eccl. Lat.)” (Lewis & Short).

3. (suffix) -astEs,-ae (s.m.I), Gk. noun suffix = Eng. noun suffix ‘-ast, “someone associated with something;” denoting agency, an agent; (Wiktionary May 2024); ancient Greek –astEs,-ae (s.f.I) > Gk. from stems of verbs in –azO;; syn. –istEs,-ae (s.m.I.), q.v. below.

NOTE: = Latin –asta,-ae (s.m.I); = Latin-ista,-ae (s.m.I), both regular Latin first declensions.

NOTE: not to be confused with endings in –nastes, gen.sg. nastis (s.m.III), an occupant, inhabitant; see nastes,-is (s.m.III); e.g. heleonastes,-is (s.m.III), swamp-dweller.

DikastEs,-ae (a judge [> Gk. dikastEs,-ou (s.m.I)].

Scholiasta,-ae (s.f.I) (Late Latin) ‘scholiast;’ > Gk. scholiastEs,-ae (s.m.I) > Gk. scholiastEs,-ou (s.m.I) > scholiazein (scholiazO) “to write scholia or commentaries on” (Liddell & Scott).

Peltastes (s.m.I), also peltasta,-ae (s.f.I): a soldier armed with a pelta (a kind of (circular) shield):

      singular   plural
Nom.  peltastEs  peltastae
Gen.  peltastae  peltastArum
Dat.  peltastae  peltastIs
Acc.  peltastEn  peltastAs
Abl.  peltastE   peltastIs

NOTE: Greek peltastEs,-ou (s.m.I), one who bears a light shield (peltE)” (Liddell & Scott; student dictionary).

Botanical names: Peltastes,-ae (s.m.I) (Apocynaceae); Bilabrella peltastes (Orchidaceae); Coelogyne peltastes (Orchidaceae); Habenaria peltastes (Orchidaceae).

(amphibian; a toad) Bulbophyllum tothastes (Bufonidae) [‘tothastes = Gk. ‘one who scorns’ and refers to the enigmatic position of the genus Truebella within the bufonids (Wikipedia); cf. Gk. tOthazO, to “mock, jeer at, flout (tOthastEs,-ou (s.m.I), scoffer) (Liddell& Scott); cf. Gk. tOthazO, to “mock, jeer at, flout.

Caladenis x idiastes (Orchidaceae) [Gk. idiastEs,-ou (s.m.I) a recluse, a loner, one who likes to be alone) (Liddell & Scott].

4. (suffix): Gk. batEs,-ae (s.m.I): one that walks, treads, ‘walker;’ he who walks on (something specified); ranging [> Gk. bainO, bainein, ‘to go, to walk; climb’.

      singular  plural
Nom.  –bates    -batae 
Gen.  –batae    -batarum                           
Dat.  –batae    -batis
Acc.  –baten    -batas 
Abl.  –bate     -batis

Acanthobates,-ae (s.m.I), “walking among thorns, nickname of grammarians.”

Acrobates,-ae (s.m.I): acrobat; “a genus of very small Australian marsupial” (WIII) > Gk. acros, ‘highest,’ + bates, ‘walker’ > Gk. akrobainein, walking up high (as on tip toes). Anthurium acrobates (Araceae).

ActiobatEs,-ae (s.m.I): a fossil genus > Gk. actios, ‘shore,’ + bates, ‘walker’ from the estuarine nature of the Garnett Quarry deposits where the fossils were found.

Dendrobates,-ae (s.m.I) ‘tree-treader,’ > Gk. dendros, ‘tree,’ + bates, ‘walker.’

(frog) Dendrobates,-ae (s.m.I), > Gk. dendrobainein, ‘to climb trees;’ “a genus of toothless mostly small brightly colored tropical American frogs of the family Ranidae” (WIII).

(botany) Anthurium dendrobates (Araceae).

herpEstEs,-ae (s.m.I) > Gk. herpEstEs,-ou (s.m.I): creeping; creeping thing, reptile, esp. snake; going on all fours (as a mouse); as adj. creeping (Liddell & Scott); see herp-, herpo-.

Hylibates,-ae (s.m.I) [?]: Aspidogyne hylibates [sic] (Rchb.f.) Garay = Microchilus hylibates; Physurus hylibates Rich.f.; Erythrodes hylibates. Hylobates,-ae (s.m.I):

(monkeys): Hylobates,-ae (s.m.I): a genus of primates comprising the gibbon, forest-walker, > Gk. hylE, ‘wood, forest’ + bates, ‘walker.’

OribatEs,-ae (s.m.I): mountain-ranging > Gk. oros, oreios ‘mountain + -batEs) walker. Hiracium oribates;

StereobatEs,-ae (s.m.I)): stereobate; the base supporting a row of columns; “a continuous flat coping or pavement on which a row of architectural columns is supported” (WIII); the foundation or “a solid wall of platform supporting a row of columns, stereobate” (Glare).

StylobatEs,-ae (s.m.I), also stylobate,-ae (s.m.I): stylobate; “a continuous flat coping or pavement on which a row of architectural columns is supported” (WIII); the base supporting a row of columns, stylobate > Gk. stylos, ‘column, pillar’ + bates, one that treads.

NOTE: hylo- and hyli- occur in the following combinations:

Calyptranthes hyobates; Erythrodes hylibates; Eupatorium hylibates;; Jaramiloa hylibates; Justicia hylobates; Microchilus hylibates; Mikania hylibates; Myrcia hylobates; Piper hylEbates; Poa hylobates;; Terminalia hylobates.

Bulbophyllum parabates; Trachyrhachis parabates.

Carex elibates; Carex hypsobates; Senecio hypsobates.

5. (suffix) -istEs,-ae (s.m.I): Gk. noun suffix = Eng.noun suffix –ist; “one who practices or believes” (Wiktionary May 2024); ancient Greek –istEs,-ae (s.f.I) > Gk. from stems of verbs in –izO; syn. –astEs,-ae (s.m.I), q.v. above.

NOTE: in Latin the suffix –ista,-ae (s.m.I) is added to a noun base to form a noun. It is rarely used in Latin except for alchemista,-ae (s.m.I); evangelista,-ae (s.m.I), evangelist, preacher, ‘bringer of good tidings; ‘a messenger of good;’ legista,-ae (s.m.I);

NOTE: = Latin –ista,-ae (s.m.I) = Latin –asta,-ae (s.m.I);

            singular     plural (after PeltastEs,-ae (s.m.I))  
Nom.  alchemistEs  alchemistae    AlchemistEs,-ae (s.m.I) one who practices alchemy
Gen.  alchemistae  alchemistArum       
Dat.  alchemistae  alchemistis
Acc.  alchemistEn  alchemistAs
Ab.   alchemistE   alchemistis

      Singular  plural  BaptistEs,-ae    singular   plural  Baptista,-ae   
                          (s.m.I)                           (s.m.I)
Nom. baptistEs  baptistae            baptista  baptistae        
Gen. baptistae  baptistArum          baptistae baptistrum
Dat. baptistae  baptistis            baptistae baptistis  
Acc. baptisten  baptistAs            baptisam  baptistas
Abl. baptistE   baptistis            baptista  baptistis

Gk. baptizo 1., to baptize Baptista,-ae (s.m.I) John the Baptist.

Baptismus,-i (s.m.II), abl.sg. baptismo: a baptism; washing, sprinkling.

NOTE: also alchimista,-ae (s.m.I) = standard Latin first declension.

NOTE: baptistEs,-ou (s.m.I) “baptist;” EuangelistEs,-ou (s.m.I) “The bringer of good tidings, an evangelist, a ‘preacher of the gospel. New Testament” (Liddell & Scott); (Gk.) petauristes, or (L.) petaurista,-ae; an acrobat performing on the petaurum” (Glare); sophistEs,-ae (s.m.I), also sophista,-ae (s.m.I): a sophist; a rhetorician.

6. OTHER NOUNS:

1. note endings: Actor,-oris (s.m.III): a companion of Aeneas > Actorides,-ae (s.f.m.I) a patron, son or grandson of Actor: his son or grandson; > the Actoridae, i.e. Erytus and Ceatus, sons of Actor.

2. AnthracitEs,-ae (s.m.I) = Gk. anthrakitis, a kind of carbuncle [i.e. tumor or pustule], the coal-carbuncle, also called anthracias,-ae (s.m.I) = anthrakias” (Lewis & Short). Anthracitis,-idis (s.f.III) = Gk. anthrakitEs, a kind of blood-stone” (Lewis & Short). NOTE: the fem. of –itEs,-ae (s.m.I) is –itis,-idis (s.f.III) – note the change in declension.]

AromatitEs,-ae (s.m.I), Gk. arOmatitEs (sc. Oinos): spiced or aromatic wine.

AtlantiadEs,-ae (s.m.I): the grandson of Atlas, Mercury; the gr

eat-grandson of Atlas, Hermaphroditus (GLARE). BellerophontEs (s.m.I), also alternate Bellerophon (s.m.III),

Bellerophontis, Bellerophonti, Bellerophontem, Bellerophonte.

BibliopOlEs,-ae (s.m./f.I), bookseller = bibliopola,-ae (s.f.I).

BootEs,-ae (s.m.I): the constellation Bootes (Glare).

CerastEs,-ae (s.m.I): > Gk. kerastEs; the horned serpent or asp, Cerastes cornutus (Glare).

Acacia cerastes (Fabaceae); Masdevallia cerastes (Orchidaceae); Megema cerastes (Orchidaceae); Orphrys cerastes (Orchidaceae); Racosperma cerastes (Fabaceae); Ceanothus sect and subg. Cerastes (Rhamnaceae); also Cyphia kerastes (Campanulaceae);

Mimosa dicerastes (Fabaceae).

CypselidEs,-ae (s.m.I): = Gk. KypselidEs, the descendant of Cypselus, i.e. Periander (Lewis & Short).

DaphnoidEs,-ae (s.f.I) = Gk. daphnoeidEs (laurel-like): a sort of cassia; spurge-laurel or mezereon, Daphne Mezereum L.; the plant called also Clematis Aegyptic” (Lewis & Short)> daphne,-es (s.f.I): Gk. daphnE, the laurel-tree, bay-tree (Lewis & Short).

DynastEs,-ae (s.m.I) = Gk. dynastes,-ae (s.m.I): a ruler, (oriental) prince.

ALSO:

(zoology) Dynastes, a genus of large beetles (Scarabaeidae), Dynastes neptunus; Dynastes Satanas; Dynastes Tityus (Linn.); Dynastes hyllus = Hercules Beetle, Rhinoceros Beetle (Dynastes Hercules L. 1758).

(botany) Buccella dynastes (Orchidaceae); Masdevallia dynastes (Orchidaceae).

GeometrEs,-ae (s.m.I) = Gk. geOmetrEs; also nom.sg. geometra: “A geometrician” (Glare).

HeliastEs,-ae (s.m.I) Lowe, 1838, a genus of fishes: Heliastes castanea, H. ichneumon, H sanguineus; H. chrysurus: although in Greek hEliastEs is a third declension noun: HeliastEs,-is (s.m.II), “a judge in the supreme court of ancient Athens.”

Iaspachates,-ae (s.m.I), q.v.: a jasper-like variety of agate (Glare) [> Gk. iaspachatEs].

LapithEs,-ae (s.m.I): one of the Lapithae - “a Thessalian tribe, famous for their fight with the Centaurs” (Glare).

MystEs,-ae (s.m.I), or mysta,-ae (s.mI): = Gk. mistEs: a priest of the sacred rites of divine worship, a priest of the mysteries” (Lewis & Short).

PeiratEs,-ae (s.m.I) = Lat. pirata,-ae (s.m.I), “a sea-robber, corsair, pirate” (Lewis & Short).

PlastEs,-ae (s.m.I)= Gk. plastEs, a moulder, potter, modeller, statuary; a creator, maker (eccl. Lat.) (Lewis & Short).

PoiEtEs,-ae (s.m.I), “one who composes” poetry; Lat. poeta,-ae (s.m.I).

SauromatEs,-ae (s.m.I): a (single) Sarmatian.

SteropEs,ae (s.m.I): “a Cyclops working in Vulcan’s smithy” (Glare)

ZetEs,-ae (s.m.I): “one of the two sons of Boreas” (Glare).

ZeugitEs,-ae (s.m.I) “a kind of reed used in the mouthpiece of double pipes” (Glare); Gk. zeugitEs.

.......................................................................

TYPE D: -as, gen.sg. -ae (s.m/f.I):

NOTE: not –as,-adis (nouns of the third declension).

Satanas,-ae (s.m.I), the Devil; First Declension, masculine Greek type with nominative singular in –ās [Wikipedia Dec 2016]

           sngular         plural
Nom.     Satanās      Satanae
Gen.     Satanae      Satanārum
Dat.     Satanae      Satanīs
Acc.     Satanān      Satanas
Abl.     Satanā       Satanīs

NOTE: cf. -as,-adis (s.f.III), abl. sg. –ade (s.f.III) of the Third Declension.

NOTE: only in the singular are there differences in endings for nouns ending in –as. In the plural they are the same as the standard Latin first declension.

Also Sanctus Andreas, gen.sg. Sancti-Andreae.

Anthias,-ae (sm.I) = Gk. anthias, “a sea-fish unknown to us, which was difficult to catch” (Lewis & Short).

Andreas,-ae (s.m.I): Andrew; Divus Andreas, Saint Andrew.

Anthracias,-ae (s.m.I): “a kind of carbuncle, the coal-carbuncle, also called anthracias,-ae (s.m.I) = anthrakias” (Lewis & Short).

Boreas,-ae (s.m.I): Gk. Boreas: “the north wind; also the wind that blows from north-north-east” (Glare); “also the god of the north wind” (Glare).

Caulias,-ae (s.m.I) = Gk. kaulias, “taken or derived from the stalk, as sucus [juice], opp. to rhizas (from the root)” (Lewis & Short).

Ceratias,-ae (s.m.I): keratias Gk. “a horn-shaped comet” (Glare).

Chelidonias,-ae (s.m.I) = Gk. chelidonias: the west wind (Glare).

Cholas,-ae (s.m.I): “a species of emerald (Pliny)” (Lewis & Short).

Cyparissias,-ae (s.m.I): ”a species of tithymalus” (Lewis & Short).

Daphitas,-ae (s.m.I) “a sophist of Telmessus, killed by falling from his horse” (Lewis & Short).

Dardanides,-ae (s.m.I), son or descendant of Dardanus (Datdanus,-i (s.m.II).

Eurotias,-ae (s.m.I); = Gk. eurOtias, an unknown precious stone (Lewis & Short).

Jeremias,-ae (s.m.I): the Hebrew prophet Jeremiah” (Lewis & Short).

Ornithias,-ae (s.m.I): Gk. Ornithias: “the name given to winds associated with the arrival of migratory birds” (Glare).

PythagorAs (s.m.I), gen. Pythagoeae, dat. Pythagorae; acc. Pythagoran; abl. Pythagora (the philosoopher-mathematician).

Rhizias,-ae (s.m.II): “juice extracted from a root (opp caulias)” (Lewis & Short).

Scipiadas,-ae (s.m.I) “One of the Scipio dynasty” (Glare).

Scopas,-ae (s.m.I): a Parian sculptor of the 4th century BC (Glare).

StagoniAs,-ae (s.m.I): a kind of frankincense (Glare).

Thomas,-ae (s.m.I), abl.sg. Thoma: Thomas; Divus Thomas, Saint Thomas.

Xiphias,-ae (s.m.I), ‘sword-shaped; a sword-fish (Xiphias gladius; note the epithet is masculine); a sword-shaped comet [> Gk. xiphias > xiphos, ‘sword.’).

Thomas, gen.sg. Thomae: masc. nom. sg. in –as; irregular Greek first declension.

    singular plural          singular            plural
Nom. Thomas  Thomae       Sanctus Thomas     Sancti Thomae
Gen. Thomae  Thomarum     Sancti Thomae      Sanctorum Thomarum
Dat. Thomae  Thomis       Sancto Thomae      Sanctis Thomis
Acc. Thoman  Thomas       Sanctum Thoman     Sanctos Thomas
Abl. Thoma   Thomis       Sancto Thoma       Sanctis Thomis

Solanum sancti-thomae (gen.sg.), Saint Thomas

- Sanctus Andreas