GENERAL LITERATURE

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Articles or books by two or more authors are cited as follows. When there are two authors, citation is alphabetical after the second author's name. When there are three or more authors, references are cited in the body of the text as (e.g.) Chase et al. 2000a, 2000b, 2000c, and are listed following these sometimes alphabetically qualified dates of publication immediately after all the single- or two-authored articles by the first author.

Eames, A. J. 1936. Morphology of Vascular Plants. Lower Groups (Psilophytales to Filicales. Mc-Graw-Hill, New York.

Eames, A. J. 1953. Neglected morphology of the palm leaf. Phytomorph. 3: 172-189.

Earle, C. J. 1997 onwards. Gymnosperm Database.

Earlé, R. A., & Young, A. J. 2020. The form, structure and size of Lithops N. E. Br. seeds and the taxonomic implications. Bradleya 38: 195-220.

Earles, J. M. [et al. 2018], Théroux-Rancourt, G., Roddy, A. B., Gilbert, M. E., McElrone, A. J., & Brodersen, C. R. 2018. Beyond porosity: 3D leaf intercellular airspace traits that impact mesophyll conductance. Plant Physiol. 178: 148-162.

Eastwood, D. C. [et al. 2011], Floudas, D., Binder, M., Majcherczyk, A., Schneider, P., Aerts, A., Asiegbu, F. O., Baker, S. E., Barry, K., Bendiksby, M., Blumentritt, M., Coutinho, P. M., Cullen, D., de Vries, R. P., Gathman, A., Goodell, B., Henrissat, B., Ihrmark, K., Kauserud, H., Kohler, A., LaButti, K., Lapidus, A., Lavin, J. L., Lee, Y. H., Lindquist, E., Lilly, W., Lucas, S., Morin, E., Murat, C., Oguiza, J. A., Park, J., Pisabarro, A. G., Riley, R., Rosling, A., Salamov, A., Schmidt, O., Schmutz, J., Skrede, I., Stenlid, J., Wiebenga, A., Xie, X., Kües, U., Hibbett, D. S., Hoffmeister, D., Högberg, N., Martin, F., Grigoriev, I. V., & Watkinson, S. C. 2011. The plant cell wall-decomposing machinery underlies the functional diversity of forest fungi. Science 333: 762-765.

Eaton, C. J. [et al. 2010], Cox, M. P., Ambrose, B., Becker, M., Hesse, U., Schardl, C. J., & Scott, B. 2010. Disruption of signaling in a fungal-grass symbiosis leads to pathogenesis. Plant Physiol. 153: 1780-1794.

Eaton, D. A. R. [et al. 2012], Fenster, C. B., Hereford, J., Shuang-Quan, H., & Ree, R. H. 2012. Floral diversity and community structure in Pedicularis (Orobanchaceae). Ecology 93(8, suppl.): S182-S194.

Eaton, D. A. R. [et al. 2017], Spriggs, E. L., Park, B., & Donoghue, M. J. 2017. Misconceptions on missing data in RAD-seq phylogenetics with a deep-scale example from flowering plants. Syst. Biol. 66: 399-412.

Ebel, F. 1998. Die Schildblaättrigkeit krautiger Angiospermen-Sippen in inhrer Beziehung zu Standort und Verbreitung. Flora 193: 203-224.

Eben, A. 1999. Host plant breadth and importance of cucurbitacins for the larvae of diabroticites (Galerucinae: Luperini). Pp. 361-374, in Cox, M. L. (ed.), Advances in Chrysomelidae Biology 1. Backhuys, Leiden.

Eberhard, S. H. [et al. 2009], Hikl, A. L., Boggs, C. L., & Krenn, H. W. 2009. Saliva or regurgitated nectar? What Heliconius butterflies use for pollen feeding. Ann. Entom. Soc. America 102: 1105-1108.

Ebersbach, J. [et al. 2017a], Muellner-Riehl, A. N., Michalak, I, Tkach, N., Hoffmann, M. H., Röser, M., Sun, H., & Favre, A. 2017a. In and out of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: divergence time estimation and historical biogeography of the large arctic-alpine genus Saxifraga L. J. Biogeog. 44: 900-910.

Ebersbach, J. [et al. 2017b], Schnitzler, J., Favre, A., & Muellner-Riehl, A. N. 2017b. Evolutionary radiations in the species-rich mountain genus Saxifraga L. BMC Evol. Biol. 17:119. doi: 10.1186/s12862-017-0967-2

Ebersbach, J. [et al. 2018], Muellner-Riehl, A. N., Favre, A., Paule, J., Winterfeld, G., & Schnitzler, J. 2018. Driving forces behind evolutionary radiations: Saxifraga sect. Ciliatae (Saxifragaceae) in the region of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 186: 304-320.

Ebersbach, J. [et al. 2020], Tkach, N., Röser, M., & Favre, F. 2020. The role of hybridisation in the making of the species-rich Arctic-Alpine genus Saxifraga (Saxifragaceae). Diversity 12(11):440. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12110440

Ebert, I., & Greilhuber, J. 2005. Developmental switch during embryo sac formation from a bisporic mode to the tetrasporic Fritillaria type in Hyacinthoides vincentina (Hoffmannnsegg & Link) Rothm. (Hyacinthaceae). Acta Biol. Cracoviensia Ser. Bot. 47: 179-184.

Eberwein, R. [2009], Nickrent, D. L., & Weber, A. 2009. Development and morphology of flowers and infloresences in Balanophora papuana and B. elongata (Balanophoraceae). American J. Bot. 96: 1055-1067.

Ebihara, A. 2011. RbcL phylogeny of Japanese pteridophyte flora and implications on infrafamilial systematics. Bull. National Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. B, 37: 63-74.

Ebihara, A. [et al. 2006], Dubuisson, J. Y., Iwatsuki, K., Hennequin, S., & Ito, M. 2006. A taxonomic revision of Hymenophyllaceae. Blumea 51: 221-280.

Ebihara, A. [et al. 2007], Iwatsuki, K., Ito, M., Hennequin, S., & Dubuisson, J.-Y. 2007. A global molecular phylogeny of the fern genus Trichomanes (Hymenophyllaceae) with special reference to stem anatomy. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 155: 1-27.

Ebihara, A. [et al. 2009], Matsumoto, S., & Ito, M. 2009. Hybridization involving independent gametophytes in the Vandenboschia radicans complex (Hymenophyllaceae): A new perspective on the distribution of fern hybrids. Molec. Ecol. 18: 4904-4911.

Ebihara, A. [et al. 2013], Yamaoka, A., Mizukami, N., Sakoda, A., Nitta, J. H., & Imaichi, R. 2013. A survey of the fern gametophyte flora of Japan: Frequent independent occurrences of noncordiform gametophytes. American J. Bot. 100: 735-743.

Eccroyd, C. E. 1996. The ecology of Dactylanthus taylorii and threats to its survival. New Zealand J Ecol. 20: 81-100.

Echeverria-Londoño, S. [et al. 2020], Särkinen, T., Fenton, I. S., Purvis, A., & Knapp, S. 2020. Dynamism and context-dependency in diversification of the megadiverse plant genus Solanum (Solanaceae). J. Syst. Evol. 58: 767-782.

Echternacht, L. [et al. 2014], Sano, P. T., Bonillo, C., Cruaud, C., Couloux, A., & Dubuisson, J.-Y. 2014. Phylogeny and taxonomy of Syngonanthus and Comanthera (Eriocaulaceae): Evidence from expanded sampling. Taxon 63: 47-63.

Eck, J. L. [et al. 2018], Stump, S. M., Delavaux, C. S., Mangan, S. A., & Comita, L. S. 2019. Evidence of within-species specialization by soil microbes and the implications for plant community diversity. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 116: 7371-7376.

Eckardt, N. A., & Baum, D. 2010. The podostemad puzzle: The evolution of unusual morphology in the Podostemaceae. Plant Cell. 22:22104.

Eckardt, T. 1937. Untersuchungen über Morphologie, Entwicklungeschichte und systematische Bedeutung des pseudomonomeren Gynoeceums. Nova Acta Leopoldina N.F. 5(26): 1-122.

Eckardt, T. 1957. Vergleichende Studie über die morphologischen Beziehungen zwischen Fruchtblatt, Samenanlage und Blütenachse bei einigen Angiospermen. Zugleich als kritische Beleuchtung der "New Morphology". Neue Hefte Morph. 3: 7-91, pl. 1-11.

Eckardt, T. 1963. Some observations on the morphology and embryology of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. J. Indian Bot. Soc. 42A [Maheshwari Commemorative Volume]: 27-34.

Eckardt, T. 1967a. Blütenbau und Blütenentwicklung von Dysphania myriocephala Benth.. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. Pflanzenges. Pflanzengeog. 86: 20-37.

Eckardt, T. 1967b. Vergleich von Dysphania mit Chenopodium und mit Illecebraceae. Bauhinia 3: 327-344.

Eckardt, T. 1974. Vom Blütenbau der Centrospermen-Gattung Lophiocarpus Turcz. Phyton (Austria) 16: 13-27, pl. 2.

Eckenwalder, J. E. 1976. Re-evaluation of Cupressaceae and Taxodiaceae: A proposed merger. Madroño 23: 237-256.

Eckenwalder, J. E. 2009. Conifers of the World: The Complete Reference. Timber Press, Portland.

Eckert, A. J., & Hall, B. D. 2006. Phylogeny, historical biogeography, and patterns of diversification for Pinus (Pinaceae): Phylogenetic tests of fossil-based hypotheses. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 40: 166-182.

Eckert, G. 1966. Entwicklungsgeschichtliche und blütenanatomische Untersuchungen zum Problem der Obdiplostemonie. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. Pflanzenges. Pflanzengeog. 85: 523-604.

Economo, E. P. [et al. 2018], Narula, N., Friedman, N. R., Weiser, M. D., & Guénard, B. 2018. Macroecology and macroevolution of the latitudinal diversity gradient in ants. Nature Communic. 9:1778. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-04218-4

Ecroyd, C. E. 1996. The ecology of Dactylanthus taylorii and threats to its survival. New Zealand J. Bot. 20: 81-100.

Eddie, W. M. [et al. 2002], Haberle, R. C., & Jansen, R. K. 2002. The phylogeny of the Campanulaceae inferred from DNA sequences of the chloroplast gene matK. P. 122, in Botany 2002: Botany in the Curriculum, Abstracts. [Madison, Wisconsin.]

Eddie, W. M. [et al. 2004], Shulkina, T., Gaskin, J. F., Haberle, R. C., & Jansen, R. K. 2004. The phylogeny of Campanulaceae s. str. inferred from ITS sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 90: 544-576.

Eddie, W. M. [et al. 2010], Cupido, C. N., & Skvarla, J. J. 2010. Pollen and reproductive morphology of Rhigiophyllum and Siphocodon (Campanulaceae): Two unique genera of the fynbos vegetation of South Africa. Bothalia 40: 103-115.

Edelman, N. B. [et al. 2019], Frandsen, P. B., Miyagi, M., Clavijo, B., Davey, J., Dikow, R. B., García-Accinelli, G., van Belleghem, S. M., Patterson, N., Neafsey, D. E., Challis, R., Kumar, S., Moreira, G. R. P., Salazar, C., Chouteau, M., Counterman, B. A., Papa, R., Blaxter, M., Reed, R. D., Dasmahapatra, K. K., Kronforst, M., Joron, M., Jiggins, C. D., McMillan, W. O., Di Palma, F., Blumberg, A. J., Wakeley, J., Jaffe, D., & Mallet, J. 2019. Genomic architecture and introgression shape a butterfly radiation. Science 366: 594-599.

Edelman, S. M., & Richards, J. H. 2019. Review of vegetative branching in the palms (Arecaceae). Bot. Review 85: 40-77.

Edens-Meier, R., & Bernhardt, P. 2014a. The sun orchids (Thelymitra) then and now: Large flowers versus small flowers and their evolutionary implications. Pp. 173-198, in Edens-Meier, R., & Bernhardt, P. (eds), Darwin's Orchids Then and Now. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Edens-Meier, R., & Bernhardt, P. (eds). 2014b. Darwin's Orchids Then and Now. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Edens-Meier, R. [et al. 2014], Luo, Y.-b., Pemberton, R., & Bernhardt, R. 2014. Pollination and floral evolution of slipper orchids (subfamily Cypripedioideae). Pp. 265-287, in Edens-Meier, R., & Bernhardt, P. (eds), Darwin's Orchids Then and Now. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Edeoga, H. O., & Ikem, C. I. 2001. Midrib anatomy and systematics in Dioscorea L. (Dioscoreaceae). Pp. 191-195, in Maheshwari, J. K., & Jain, A. P. (eds), Recent Researches in Plant Anatomy and Morphology. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur.

Edgar, J. A. 1984. Parsonsieae: Ancestral larval foodplants of the Danainae and Inthomiinae. Pp. 92-93, in Vane-Wright & Ackery, P. R. (eds), The Biology of Butterflies. Academic Press, London. [Symposium of the Royal Entomological Society, vol. 11.]

Edgar, J. A. [et al. 1974], Culvenor, C. C. J., & Pliske, T. E. 1974. Coevolution of danaid butterflies with their host plants. Nature 250: 646-648.

Edger, P. P. [et al. 2015], Heidel-Fischer, H. M., Bekaert, M., Rota, J., Glöckner, G., Platts, A. E., Heckel, D. G., Der, J. P., Wafula, E. K., Tang, M., Hofberger, J. A., Smithson, A., Hall, J. C., Blanchette, M., Bureau, T. E., Wright, S. I., dePamphilis, C. W., Schranz, M. E., Barker, M. S., Conant, G. C., Wahlberg, N., Vogel, H., Pires, J. C., & Wheat, C. W. 2015. The butterfly plant arms-race escalated by gene and genome duplications. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 112: 8362-8366. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1503926112

Edger, P. P. [et al. 2017], Smith, R., McKain, M. R., Cooley, A. M., Vallejo-Marin, M., Yuan, Y., Bewick, A, J., Ji, L., Platts, A. E., Bowman, M. J., Childs, K. L., Washburn, J. D., Schmitz, R. J., Smith, G. D., Pires, J. C., & Puzey, J. R. 2017. Subgenome dominance in an interspecific hybrid, synthetic allopolyploid, and a 140-year-old naturally established neo-allopolyploid monkeyflower. Plant Cell 29: 2150–2167. https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.17.00010

Edger, P. P. [et al. 2018], Hall, J. C., Harkess, A., Tang, M., Coombs, J., Mohammadin, S., Schranz, M. E., Xiong, Z., Leebens-Mack, J., Meyers, B. C., Sytsma, K. J., Koch, M. A., Al-Shehbaz, I. A., & Pires, J. C. 2018. Brassicales phylogeny inferred from 72 plastid genes: A reanalysis of the phylogenetic localization of two paleopolyploid events and the origin of novel chemical defenses. American J. Bot. 105: 463-469.

Edger, P. P. [et al. 2022], Iorizzo, M., Bassil, N. V., Benevenuto, J., Ferrão, L. F. V., Giongo, L., Hummer, K., Lawas, L. M. F., Leisner C. P., Li C., Munoz, P. R., Ashrafi, H., Atucha, A., Babiker, E. M., Canales, E., Chagné, D., DeVetter, L., Ehlenfeldt, M., Espley, R. V., Gallardo, K., Günther, C. S., Hardigan, M., Hulse-Kemp, A. M., Jacobs, M., Lila, M. A., Luby, C., Main, D., Mengist, M. F., Owens, G. L., Perkins-Veazie, P., Polashock, J., Pottorff, M., Rowland, L. J., Sims, C. A., Song, G.-q. Spencer, J., Vorsa, N., Yocca, A. E., & Zalapa, J. 2022. There and back again; historical perspective and future directions for Vaccinium breeding and research studies. Hortic. Res. 9:uhac083. https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhac083

Edlund, A. F. [et al. 2016], Zheng, Q., lowe, N., Kuseryk, S., Ainsworth, K. L., Lyles, R. H., Sibener, S. J., & Preuss, D. 2016. Pollen from Arabidopsis thaliana and other Brassicaceae are functionally omniaperturate. American J. Bot. 103: 1006-1019.

Edwards, D. [Dawn], & Hawkins, J. A. 2007. Are Cape floral clades the same age? Contemporaneous origins of two lineages in the genistoids s.l. (Fabaceae). Molec. Phyl. Evol. 45: 952-970.

Edwards, D. [Dianne] 1993. Cells and tissues in the vegetative sporophytes of early land plants. New Phytol. 125: 225-247.

Edwards, D. 2003. Xylem in early tracheophytes. Plant Cell. Environ. 26: 57-72.

Edwards, D., & Axe, L. 1992. Stomata and mechanics of stomatal functioning in some early land plants. Courier Forschungsinst. Senckenberg 14: 59-73. See also: pp. 59-73, in Schaarschmidt, F. (ed.), Anatomical Investigations of Plant Fossils. Schweizerbart und Borntraeger, Stuttgart.

Edwards, D., & Axe, L. 2004. Anatomical evidence in the detection in the earliest wildfires. PALAIOS 19: 113-128.

Edwards, D., & Axe, L. 2012. Evidence for a fungal affinity for Nematasketum, a close ally of Prototaxites. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 168: 1-18.

Edwards, D., & Richardson, J. B. 2004. Silurian and Lower Devonian plant assemblages from the Anglo-Welsh basin: A palaeobotanical and palynological synthesis. Geol. J. 39: 375-402.

Edwards, D. [et al. 1983], Feehan, J., & Smith, D. G. 1983. A late Wenlock flora from C. Tipperary, Ireland. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 86: 19-36.

Edwards, D. [et al. 1992], Davies, K., & Axe, L. 1992. A vascular conducting strand in the early land plant Cooksonia. Nature 357: 683-685.

Edwards, D. [et al. 1998], Kerp, H., & Hass, H. 1998. Stomata in early land plants: An anatomical and ecophysiological approach. J. Experim. Bot. 49: 255-278.

Edwards, D. [et al. 2003], Axe, L., & Duckett, J. G. 2003. Diversity of conducting cells in early land plants and comparisons with extant bryophytes. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 141: 297-347.

Edwards, D. [et al. 2006], Li, C.-S., & Raven, J. A. 2006. Tracheids in an early vascular plant: A tale of two branches. Bot. J. Linnean Soc. 150: 115-130.

Edwards, D. [et al. 2014], Morris, J. L., Richardson, J. B., & Kenrick, P. 2014. Cryptospores and cryptophytes reveal hidden diversity in early land floras. New Phytol. 202: 50-78. doi: 10.1111/nph.12645

Edwards, D. [et al. 2021a], Morris, J. L., Axe, L., & Duckett, J. G. 2022 [= 2021a]. Picking up the pieces: New charcoalified plant mesofossils (eophytes) from a Lower Devonian Lagerstätte in the Welsh Borderland, UK. Review Palaeobot. Palynol. 297:104567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2021.104567

Edwards, D. [et al. 2021a\b], Morris, J. L., Axe, L., Duckett, J. G., Pressel, S., & Kenrick, P. 2022 [= 2021b]. Piecing together the eophytes – a new group of ancient plants containing cryptospores. New Phytol. 233: 1440-1455.

Edwards, D. L. [et al. 2010], Ansell, F. A., Woodcock, P., Fayle, T. M., Chey, V. K., & Hamer, K. C. 2010. Can the failure to punish promote cheating in mutualism? Oikos 119: 45-52.

Edwards, E. J. 2006. Correlated evolution of stem and leaf hydraulic traits in Pereskia (Cactaceae). New Phytol. 172: 479-489.

Edwards, E. J. 2009. C4 the straw man? Evolution of cold tolerance better explains global distribution of C3/C4 grasslands. P. 109, in Botany and Mycology 2009. Snowbird, Utah July 25-29. Abstract Book.

Edwards, E. J. 2019. Evolutionary trajectories, accessibility and other metaphors: The case of C4 and CAM photosynthesis. New Phytol. 223: 1742-1755.

Edwards, E. J., & Diaz, M. 2006. Ecological physiology of Pereskia guamacho, a cactus with leaves. Plant Cell Environ. 29: 247-256.

Edwards, E. J., & Donoghue, M. J. 2006. Pereskia and the origin of the cactus life form. American Naturalist 167: 777-793.

Edwards, E. J., & Ogburn, R. M. 2012. Angiosperm responses to a low CO2 world: CAM and C4 photosynthesis as parallel evolutionary trajectories. Internat. J. Plant Sci. 173: 724-733.

Edwards, E. J., & Smith, S. A. 2010. Phylogenetic analyses reveal the shady history of C4 grasses. Proc. National Acad. Sci. 107: 2532-2537.

Edwards, E. J., & Still, C. J. 2007. Phylogeny and the ecological distribution of C4 grasses. P. 183, in Plant Biology and Botany 2007. Program and Abstract Book. Chicago.

Edwards, E. J., & Still, C. J. 2008. Climate, phylogeny and the ecological distribution of C4 grasses. Ecol. Letters 11: 266-276.

Edwards, E. J. [et al. 2005], Nyffeler, R., & Donoghue, M. J. 2005. Basal cactus phylogeny: Implications of Pereskia paraphyly for the transition to the cactus life form. American J. Bot. 92: 1177-1188.

Edwards, E. J. [et al. 2007], Still, C. J., & Donoghue, M. J. 2007. The relevance of phylogeny to studies of global change. Trends Ecol. Evol. 22: 243-249.

Edwards, E. J. [et al. 2010], Osborne, C. P., Strömberg, C. A. E., Smith, S. A., & C4 Grasses Consortium [= Bond, W. J., Christin, P. A., Cousins, A. B., Duvall, M. R., Fox, D. L., Freckleton, R. P., Ghannoum, O., Hartwell, J., Huang, Y., Janis, C. M., Kelley, J. E., Kellogg, E. A., Knapp, A. K., Leakey, A. D., Nelson, D. M., Saarela, J. M., Sage, R. F., Sala, O. E., Salamin, N., Still, C. J., & Tipple, B.]. 2010. The origins of C4 grasslands: Integrating evolutionary and ecosystem science. Science 328: 587-591.

Edwards, E. J. [et al. 2016], Spriggs, E. L., Chatelet, D. S., & Donoghue, M. J. 2016. Unpacking a century-old mystery: Winter buds and the latitudinal gradient in leaf form. American J. Bot. 103: 975-978.

Edwards, E. J. [et al. 2017], Chatelet, D. S., Spriggs, E. L., Johnson, E. S., Schlutius, C., & Donoghue, M. J. 2017. Correlation, causation, and the evolution of leaf teeth: A reply to Givnish & Kriebel. American J. Bot. 104: . doi: 10.3732/ajb.1700075

Edwards, G. E., & Voznesenskaya, E. V. 2011. C4 photosynthesis: Kranz forms and single-cell C4 in terrestrial plants. Pp. 29-61, in Raghavendra, A. S., & Sage, R. F. (eds), C4 Photosynthesis and Related CO2 Concentrating Mechanisms. Springer, Dordrecht.

Edwards, G. E. [et al. 2003], Franceschi, V. R., & Voznesenskaya, E. V. 2001 [= 2003]. Single-cell C4 photosynthesis versus the dual-cell (Kranz) paradigm. Annual Review Plant Biol. 55: 173-196.

Edwards, J. [et al. 2005], Whitaker, D., Klionsky, S., & Laskowski, M. J. 2005. Botany: A record-breaking pollen catapult. Nature 435: 164.

Edwards, M. B. [et al. 2022], Ballerini, E. S., & Kramer, E. M. 2022. Complex developmental and transcriptional dynamics underlie pollinator-driven evolutionary transitions in nectar spur morphology in Aquilegia (columbine). American J. Bot. 109: 1346-1359.

Edwards, R. D. [et al. 2010], Craven, L. A., Crisp, M. D., & Cook, L. G. 2010. Melaleuca revisited: cpDNA and morphological data confirm that Melaleuca L. is not monophyletic. Taxon 59: 744-754.

Edwards, R. D. [et al. 2018], Cantley, J. T., Chau, M. M., Keeley, S. C., & Funk, V. A. 2018. Biogeography and relationships within the Melanthera alliance: A pan-tropical lineage (Compositae: Heliantheae: Ecliptinae). Taxon 67: 552-564.

Edwards, S. V. [et al. 2016], Xi, Z., Janke, A., Faircloth, B. C., McCormack, J. E., Glenn, T. C., Zhong, B., Wu, S., Lemmon, E. M., Lemmon, A. R., Leaché, A. D., Liu, L., & Davis, C. C. 2016. Implementing and testing the multispecies coalescent model: A valuable paradigm for phylogenomics. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 94: 447-462.

Eeckhout, S. [et al. 2014], Leroux, O., Willats, W. G. T., Popper, Z. A., & Viane, R. L. L. 2014. Comparative glycan profiling of Ceratopteris richardii 'C-Fern' gametophytes and sporophytes links cell-wall composition to functional specialization. Ann. Bot. 114: 1295-1307.

Efroni, I. [et al. 2010], Eshed, Y., & Lifschitz, E. 2010. Morphogenesis of simple and compound leaves: A critical review. Plant Cell 22: 1019-1032.

Egan, A. N., & Crandall, K. A. 2008. Incorporating gaps as phylogenetic characters across eight DNA regions: Ramifications for North American Psoraleeae (Leguminosae). Molec. Phyl. Evol. 46: 532-546.

Egan, A. N. [et al. 2016], Vatanparast, M., & Cagle, W. 2016. Parsing polyphyletic Pueraria: Delimiting distinct evolutionary lineages through phylogeny. Molec. Phyl. Evol. 104: 44-59.

Egan, S. P. [et al. 2018], Zhang, L., Comerford, M., & Hood, G. R. 2018. Botanical parasitism of an insect by a parasitic plant. Curr. Biol. 28: R847-R870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.06.024

Eggeling, W. J. 1947. Observations on the ecology of Budongo rain forest, Uganda. J. Ecol. 34: 20-87.

Egger, K. N., & Hibbett, D. S. 2004. The evolutionary implications of exploitation in mycorrhizas. Canadian J. Bot. 82: 1110-1121.

Eggli, U. 1984. Stomatal types of Cactaceae. Plant Syst. Evol. 146: 197-214.

Eggli, U. (ed.). 2002. Illustrated Handbook of Succulent plants. Dicotyledons. Springer, Berlin.

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García, P. E., see Escobar García, P.

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