MADCapHorse II, A Second Revision of the Checklist and
Nomenclatural Guide to the Vascular Flora of the Niagara Frontier Region: Flora
of the
P. M. Eckel,
2012
THE CHECKLIST
MADCapHorse II is a revised on-line, or electronic, checklist of species of vascular plants recorded for the Niagara Frontier Region, that is, the region within a 50-mile radius of downtown Buffalo, New York, including the political frontiers of both the United States (New York State) and Canada (Province of Ontario), sharing a mutual boundary formed by the Niagara River. All species listed are vouchered by herbarium specimens. The nomenclature of MADCapHorse now follows that of the New York State Flora Association, as of November 2012: http://www.nyflora.org/
ABIES Mill. (Pinaceae)
Abies alba Michx. = Picea glauca (Moench)
Voss
A. balsamea (L.) Mill.,
Abies canadensis Michx. = Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.
Abies nigra Poir. of
ABUTILON Mill. (Malvaceae)
Abutilon abutilon (L.) Rusby = Abutilon theophrasti Medik.
*A.
theophrasti Medik.,
Velvet-leaf, Butter-print, Pie-marker, Indian Mallow
= A. avicennae Gaertn.
= A. abutilon (L.) Rusby
= Sida abutilon L.
Abutilon avicennae Gaertn. = Abutilon
theophrasti Medik.
ACALYPHA L. (Euphorbiaceae)
Acalypha rhomboidea Raf.
= A. virginica var. rhomboidea (Raf.) Cooperrider
A. virginica L., Three-seeded Mercury
ACANTHOSPERMUM
Schrank (Asteraceae)
*A.
hispidum DC., Hispid
Starburr, new to and probably not persisting in
= A humile of authors not (Sw.) DC.
ACER L. (Aceraceae)
*A. campestre L., Hedge-maple
Acer
dasycarpum Ehrh. = Acer saccharinum L.
Acer
eriocarpum Michx. = Acer saccharinum L.
*A. ginnala Maxim., Amur Maple
= A. tataricum L. var. ginnala Maxim.
Acer
glaucum Marsh. = Acer saccarinum L.
*A.
negundo L., Box Elder,
Ash-leaf Maple, Manitoba Maple
= A. negundo var. violaceum Mill.
= Negundo negundo (L.) Karst.
A.
nigrum Michx.f., Black
Maple
= A. saccharum var. nigrum (Michx.f.) Britt.
A. pensylvanicum L., Striped Maple, Moosewood,
Green-striped Maple, Whistlewood
*A. platanoides L., Norway Maple
*A. pseudoplatanus L., Sycamore-maple
A.
rubrum L., Red Maple,
Swamp Maple, Scarlet Maple
var. rubrum
var. trilobum Torr. & Gray ex Koch, Three-lobed red maple.
= A. rubrum var. tridens Wood
A.
rubrum × saccharinum
= A. × freemanii Murr., Soft Maple, Hybrid Swamp Maple
A.
saccharinum L., Silver
Maple, White Maple, River Maple
= A. dasycarpum Ehrh.
= A. eriocarpum Michx.
= A. glaucum Marsh.
Acer saccharinum Wang. = Acer saccharum
Marsh.
A. saccharum Marsh., Sugar Maple, Rock Maple, Hard
Maple
= A. saccharum var. schneckii Rehd.
= A. saccharinum Wang.
A. spicatum Lam., Mountain Maple
Acer tataricum L. var. ginnala Maxim. = Acer ginnala Maxim.
Acerates viridiflora (Raf.) Eat. =
Asclepias viridiflora L.
Acetosella acetosella (L.) Small = Rumex acetosella L. ssp. pyrenaicus (Pourret ex Lapeyr.) Akeroyd
Acetosella vulgaris (Koch) Fourr. = Rumex acetosella L. ssp. pyrenaicus (Pourret ex Lapeyr.) Akeroyd
ACHILLEA L. (Asteraceae)
*A. millefolium L., Common Yarrow, Milfoil
*var. millefolium
*var. occidentalis DC., Woolly Milfoil
= A. asplenifolia of authors, not Vent.
= A. millefolium ssp. lanulosa (Nutt.) Piper
= A. lanulosa Nutt.
= A. occidentalis (DC.) Ref. ex Rydb.
= A. tomentosa Pursh
*A.
ptarmica L., White Tansy
Sneezeweed
Achillea tomentosa Pursh = Achillea
millefolium var. occidentalis DC.
Acinos arvensis
(Lam.) Dandy = *Clinopodium acinos (L.) Kuntze
ACORUS L. (Araceae)
A. americanus (Raf.) Raf., Calamus, American Sweet
Flag, Flagroot
= A. calamus of American authors, not L.
Acrostichum thelypteris L. = Thelypteris
palustris Schott
ACTAEA L. (Ranunculaceae)
A. pachypoda Ell., White Baneberry, Doll's Eyes,
White Cohosh
= A. alba of American authors, not (L.) Mill.
= A. spicata var. alba L.
A.
pachypoda × spicata
ssp. rubra,
Baneberry
= A. × ludovicii Boivin
= A. alba × rubra
= A. pachypoda × rubra
A. rubra (Ait.) Willd., Red Baneberry, Baneberry,
Black Cohosh, Snakeberry
= A. spicata L. ssp. rubra (Ait.)
Hultén
= A. spicata var. rubra Ait.
Actaea
spicata ssp. rubra (Ait.) Hultén = Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd.
Actaea spicata var. alba L. = Actaea
pachypoda Ell.
Actaea
spicata var. rubra Ait. = Actaea rubra (Ait.) Willd.
Actinomeris
alternifolia (L.) DC. = Verbesina alternifolia (L.) Britt.
ADIANTUM L. (Pteridaceae)
A. pedatum L., Maidenhair Fern
Adicia
Adicia pumila (L.) Raf. = Pilea pumila
(L.) A. Gray
ADLUMIA Raf. (Papaveraceae)
A. fungosa (Ait.) Greene ex BSP., Allegheny Vine,
Mountain Fringe, Climbing Fumitory
= A. asiatica Ohwi
= A. cirrhosa Raf.
= Fumaria fungosa Ait.
= F. recta Raf.
AEGILOPS L. (Poaceae)
*A.
cylindrica Host, Jointed
Goatgrass
AEGOPODIUM L. (Apiaceae)
*A.
podagraria L., Goutweed,
Goat's-foot
AESCULUS L. (Hippocastanaceae)
*A. hippocastanum
L., Horse-chestnut
*A. glabra
AETHUSA L. (Apiaceae)
*A. cynapium L., Fool's Parsley
AGALINIS Raf. (Orobanchaceae)
A.
paupercula (A. Gray) Britt.,
Small-flowered Purple Gerardia, False-foxglove, Gerardia
var.
borealis Pennell
= Gerardia paupercula var. borealis (Pennell) Deam
= G. purpurea var. parviflora
Benth.
A. tenuifolia (Vahl) Raf., Slender Gerardia
var. parviflora (Nutt.) Pennell
= Gerardia tenuifolia var. parviflora Nutt.
var. tenuifolia
= Gerardia tenuifolia Vahl
AGASTACHE Clayt. ex Gronov. (Lamiaceae)
A.
nepetoides (L.) Kuntze,
Yellow Giant Hyssop
= Lophanthus nepetoides (L.) Benth.
A.
scrophulariifolia
(Willd.) Kuntze, Purple Giant Hyssop
= A. scrophulariifolia var. mollis (Fern.) Heller
= A. urticifolia sensu House (1924), not (Benth.) Kuntze
= Lophanthus scrophulariaefolius (Willd.) Benth.
AGERATINA Spach (Asteraceae)
A. altissima (L.) R. King & H. Robinson, White Snakeroot, White Sanicle
var. altissima
= Eupatorium ageratoides L.f.
= E. rugosum Houtt.
= E. rugosum var. chlorolepis Fern.
= E. rugosum var. tomentallum (B. L. Robins.) Blake
= E. rugosum Houtt. var. villicaule
(Fern.) Blake
= E. urticaefolium Reich.
AGRIMONIA L. (Rosaceae)
Agrimonia bicknellii of NY reports, not (
*A. eupatoria L., Common Agrimony, Cocklebur
Agrimonia
eupatoria of
A. gyrosepala Wallr., Tall Hairy Agrimony, Agrimony, Cocklebur, Harvest
Lice, Stickseed
A. parviflora Solander ex Ait., Small-flowered Agrimony, Agrimony,
Cocklebur
A.
pubescens Wallr., Soft
Agrimony
= A.bicknellii of NY reports, not (
= A. mollis (Torr. & A. Gray) Britt.
A. rostellata Wallr., Agrimony
A.
striata Michx., Grooved
Agrimony, Britton's Agrimony, Harvest Lice, Cocklebur
= A. eupatoria of
AGROPYRON Gaertn. (Poaceae)
Agropyron caninum (L.) Beauv. = Elymus
trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners ssp. subsecundus (Link) Barkworth &
D. Dewey
Agropyron caninum var. tenerum (Vasey)
Pease & Moore = Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners ssp.
trachycaulus
*A. cristatum L., Crested Wheatgrass
= A. desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Schultes
Agropyron desertorum (Fisch. ex Link)
Schultes = Agropyron cristatum L.
Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. = Elymus
repens (L.) Gould
Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. var.
littoreum Anderss. = Elymus repens (L.) Gould
Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. var.
nemorale Anderss. = Elymus repens (L.) Gould
Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. var. pilosum
Scribn. = Elymus repens (L.) Gould
Agropyron smithii Rydb. = Pascopyrum
smithii (Rydb.) Á. Löve
Agropyron tenerum Vasey = Elymus
trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners ssp. trachycaulus
Agropyron trachycaulum (Link) Malte ex
Lewis = Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners ssp. trachycaulus
Agropyron trachycaulum var. glaucum
(Pease & Moore) Malte = Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners ssp.
subsecundus (Link) Barkworth & D. Dewey
Agropyron trachycaulum var. majus (Vasey)
Fern. = Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners ssp. subsecundus (Link)
Barkworth & D. Dewey
Agropyron trachycaulum var. novae-angliae
(Scribn. ex Brainerd) Fern. = Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners ssp.
trachycaulus
Agropyron trachycaulum var. unilaterale
(Vasey) Malte = Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners ssp. trachycaulus
Agrypyron violaceum (Hornem.) Lange =
Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners ssp. trachycaulus
AGROSTEMMA L. (Caryophyllaceae)
Agrostemma coronaria L. = Lychnis
coronaria (L.) Desr.
*A. githago L., Corn-Cockle, Corn-rose, Purple
Cockle
= Lychnis githago (L.) Scop.
AGROSTIS L. (Poaceae)
Agrostis alba of
authors, not L. = Agrostis gigantea Roth
Agrostis alba
var. maritima (Lam.) G.F.W. Mey. = Agrostis stolonifera L. var. palustris
(Huds.) Farw.
Agrostis alba
var. palustris (Huds.) Pers. = Agrostis stolonifera L. var. palustris (Huds.)
Farw.
*A. capillaris L., Rhode Island Bent, Colonial Bent
= A. tenuis
Sibth.
= A. vulgaris With.
Agrostis
geminata Trin. = Agrostis scabra Willd.
*A. gigantea Roth, Redtop, Black Bent
= A. gigantea var. dispar (Michx.)
Philipson
= A. stolonifera var. major (Gaud.)
Farw.
= A. alba of authors, not L.
A. hyemalis (Walter) BSP., Hair-grass,
Agrostis
maritima Lam. = Agrostis stolonifera var. palustris (Huds.) Farw.
Agrostis
palustris Huds. = Agrostis stolonifera L. var. palustris (Huds.) Farw.
A. perennans (Walter) Tuckerm.,
= A. schweinitzii Trin.
A. scabra Willd., Hairgrass, Fly-away Grass, Ticklegrass
= A. geminata Trin.
= A. hyemalis var. tenuis (Tuckerman)
Gleason
= A. peckii House
= A. scabra var. geminata (Trin.)
Swallen
Agrostis
schweinitzii Trin. = Agrostis perennans (Walt.) Tuckerm.
*A.
stolonifera L., Creeping
Bent, Carpet Bent
= A. alba var. maritima (Lam.) G.F.W. Mey.
= A. alba var. palustris (Huds.) Pers.
= A. maritima Lam.
= A. palustris Huds.
= A. palustris var. stricta
= A. stolonifera var. compacta Hartm.
= A. stolonifera var. palustris (Huds.) Farw.
Agrostis tenuis Sibth. = Agrostis
capillaris L.
AILANTHUS Desf. (Simaroubaceae):
*A. altissima (Mill.) Swingle, Tree of Heaven,
Ailanthus, Copal Tree
= A. glandulosa Desf.
Aira cespitosa L. = Deschampsia cespitosa
(L.) Beauv.
Aira flexuosa L. = Avenella flexuosa (L.) Drejer
Aira obtusata
ALCEA L. (Malvaceae)
*A. rosea L., Garden Hollyhock
= Althaea rosea (L.) Cav.
ALCHEMILLA L. (Rosaceae)
*A. monticola Opiz, Lady's Mantle
= A. vulgaris of NY reports, not L.
ALISMA
L. (Alismataceae)
Alisma geyeri
Torr. = Alisma gramineum Lej.
A. gramineum Lej., Water-plantain, Grass-leaved Water-plantain
= A. geyeri Torr.
A. subcordatum Raf., Broad-leaved Water-plantain
= A. plantago-aquatica of American authors in part, not L.; sensu
Zenkert, 1934 p. 88.
= A. plantago-aquatica var. parviflorum (Pursh) Torrey (of Eaton &
Schrot 1987 p.124).
= A. plantago-aquatica ssp. subcordatum (Raf.) Hultén
ALLIARIA Heist. ex Fabr. (Brassicaceae)
*A. petiolata
(Bieb.) Cavara & Grande, Garlic Mustard, Hedge-garlic
= A. alliaria (L.) Britt.
= A. officinalis Andrz. ex Bieb.
= Erysimum alliaria L.
Allionia
nyctaginea Michx. = Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacM.
ALLIUM L. (Amaryllidaceae)
Allium
burdickii (Hanes) A. Jones = A. tricoccum Ait. var. burdickii
A. canadense L., Wild Garlic, Wild Onion
var. canadense
*A.
cepa L., Garden Onion
A.
cernuum Roth, Wild Onion
var. cernuum
A. tricoccum Ait., Wild Leek, Ramp
var. tricoccum
var. burdickii Hanes,
Wild Leek
= A. burdickii (Hanes) A. Jones
*A.
vineale L., Field
Garlic, Scallion
Allosorus atropurpureus (L.) Kunze ex
Presl. = Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link
ALNUS Mill. (Betulaceae)
*A. glutinosa (L.) Gaertn., Black Alder, European
Alder
= A. alnus (L.) Britt.
= A. vulgaris Hill
A. incana (L.) Moench, Speckled Alder, Hoary Alder
ssp..
rugosa (DuRoi) Clausen,
Hazel Alder
= A. rugosa (DuRoi) Spreng.
= A. serrulata (of Day, 1882)
ALOPECURUS L. (Poaceae)
A.
aequalis Sobol,
Short-awned Foxtail
var. aequalis
= A. aristulatus Michx.
= A. geniculatus (of Day, 1882)
*A.
geniculatus L.,
Marsh-foxtail, Water-foxtail
= A. pallescens Piper
Alopecurus pallescens Piper = Alopecurus
geniculatus L.
*Alopecurus pratensis L., Meadow Foxtail
Alsine
aquatica (L.) Britt. = Myosoton aquaticum (L.) Moench
Alsine marginata (DC. ex Lam. & DC.) Reichenb. = = Spergularia maritima (All.) Chiov.
Alsine media (L.) Druce = = Spergularia maritima (All.) Chiov.
Alsine rubra
(L.) Crantz = Spergularia rubra (L.) J. & C. Presl
ALTHAEA
L. (Malvaceae)
*A. officinalis L., Marsh Mallow, White Mallow
Althaea
rosea (L.) Cav. = Alcea rosea L.
ALYSSUM L. (Brassicaceae)
*A. alyssoides (L.) L., Yellow Alyssum
= A. calycinum L.
= Clypeola allyssoides L.
Alyssum incanum
L. = Berteroa incana (L.) DC.
AMARANTHUS L. (Amaranthaceae)
*A. albus L., Tumbleweed, Pale Amaranth
= A. graecizans of some authors, not L.
A. blitoides S. Wats., Tumbleweed, Prostrate Amaranth
= A. graecizans of some authors, not L.
*A. blitum L., Purple Amaranth, Livid Amaranth
= A. ascendens Loisel
= A. lividus L.
Amaranthus
chlorostachys Willd. = Amaranthus hybridus L.
[*Amaranthus cruentus L., Blood Amaranth,
Purple Amaranth, Zander and Pierce (1979) report this species as a synonym of
A. hybridus L. Clemants (1992) recognized it as a species derived “probably
through selective cultivation of A. hybridus.” He does not, however, offer a
record of its occurrence in western
Amaranthus
graecizans of American authors in part, not L. = Amaranthus albus L.
Amaranthus
graecizans of American authors in part, not L. = Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats.
*A.
hybridus L., Green
Amaranth, Pigweed, Wild Beet, Prince's-Feather
= A. chlorostachys Willd.
= A. incurvatus Ti ex Gren. & Godr.
= A. patulus Berol.
*A. hypochondriacus L., Prince's Feather
Amaranthus
incurvatus Ti ex Gren. & Godr. = Amaranthus hybridus L.
Amaranthus
lividus L. = Amaranthus blitum L.
Amaranthus
patulus Berol. = Amaranthus hybridus L.
*A. powellii S. Wats., Amaranth
= A. retroflexus L. var. powellii (S. Wats.)
Boivin
*A. retroflexus L., Green Amaranth, Pigweed, Wild Beet,
Redroot Amaranth
Amaranthus
retroflexus L. var. powellii (S. Wats.) Boivin = Amaranthus powellii S. Wats.
*A. rudis Sauer, Water-hemp
= Acnida tamariscinus Nutt.
= Amaranthus tamariscinus (Nutt.) Wood
*A. spinosus L., Spiny Amaranth, Thorny Amaranth
*A. tuberculatus (Moq. ex DC.) Sauer, Rough-fruited
Water-hemp, Tall Water-hemp
= A. altissimus Riddell
= Montelia tamariscina (Nutt.) A. Gray
AMBROSIA L. (Asteraceae)
A.
artemisiifolia L.,
Common Ragweed, Ragweed, Hogweed, Bitterweed
= A. artemisiifolia varieties
= A. elatior L. var. artemisiifolia (L.) House
Ambrosia
*A. psilostachya DC., Western Ragweed
= A. coronopifolia Torr. & A. Gray
= A. psilostachya DC. var.
coronopifolia (Torr. & A. Gray) Farw.
Ambrosia elatior
L. var. artemisiifolia (L.) House = Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.
A. trifida L., Great Ragweed, Giant Ragweed, Great Ragweed,
Buffalo-weed
var. trifida
= A. trifida var. integrifolia (Muhl.)
Torr.& A. Gray
AMELANCHIER Medik. (Rosaceae)
Amelanchier
amabilis Wieg. = Amelanchier sanguinea (Pursh) DC.
A. arborea (Michx.f.) Fern., Tree Shadbush, Serviceberry
var. arborea
Amelanchier
arborea var. laevis (Wieg.) Ahles = Amelanchier laevis Wieg.
A.
canadensis (L.) Medik.,
Canadian Shadbush, Serviceberry, Shadbush, Juneberry
= A. canadensis var. botryapium Torr.
& A. Gray, sec. House 1924.
= A. canadensis var. oblongifolia
Torr. & A. Gray
= A. oblongifolia (Torr. & A.
Gray) Roemer
Amelanchier
canadensis var. rotundifolia Torr. & A. Gray, sec. House 1924 = Amelanchier
sanguinea (Pursh.) DC.
A. humilis Wieg., Bush Juneberry
A. intermedia Spach, Serviceberry
= A. arborea × canadensis
A. laevis Wieg., Smooth Shadbush
= A. arborea var. laevis (Wieg.) Ahles
Amelanchier oblongifolia (Torr. & A.
Gray) Roemer = Amelanchier canadensis (L.) Medik.
A.
sanguinea (Pursh.) DC.,
Round-leaved Juneberry
= A. amabilis Wieg.
= A. canadensis var. rotundifolia Torr. & A. Gray, sec. House 1924.
= A. sanguinea var. grandiflora (Wieg.) Rehd.
Amelanchier sanguinea var. grandiflora
(Wieg.) Rehd. = Amelanchier sanguinea (Pursh) DC.
A.
stolonifera Wieg.,
Serviceberry
= A. spicata (Lam.) Koch in part
AMMOPHILA Host (Poaceae)
Ammophila arenaria (of authors) =
Ammophila breviligulata Fern.
A.
breviligulata Fern.,
Beach Grass, Dunegrass
ssp. breviligulata
= A. arenaria (of authors)
[Note: Calamagrostis
arenaria Roth. of Gray's Manual ed. 5 (1862) has Arundo L. and Psamma Beauv. as
generic synonyms (p. 616). House (1924) gives Psamma as an earlier synonym of Ammophila,
hence Ammophila arenaria Am. Auth., not A. arenaria (L.) Link, of
AMORPHA L.
(Fabaceae)
*A. fruticosa L., False Indigo, Indigo-bush (Regl. M. Niag.
Ampelamus albidus (Nutt.) Britt. =
Cynanchum laeve (Michx.) Pers.
AMPELOPSIS Michx. (Vitaceae)
*A. brevipedunculata (Maxim.) Trautv., Porcelain
Ampelopsis
quinquefolia (L.) Michx. = Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch ex DC.
Amphicarpa of
authors = Amphicarpaea
AMPHICARPAEA Ell. ex Nutt. (Fabaceae)
Amphicarpaea
bracteata var. comosa (L.) Fernald = Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fernald
Amphicarpaea
comosa (L.) G. Don = Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fernald
Amphicarpaea
monoica (L.) Ell. = Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Fernald
A. bracteata
(L.) Fernald, Hog Peanut
= A. bracteata var. comosa (L.) Fern.
= A. comosa (L.) G. Don
= A. monoica (L.) Ell.
= Falcata comosa (L.) Kuntze
= Glycine bracteata L.
= G. comosa L.
Amygdalus
persica L. = Prunus persicaria (L.) Batsch
Anacharis canadensis (Rich. ex Michx.)
Planch. = Elodea canadensis Rich. ex Michx.
Anacharis planchonii (Casp.) Rydb. =
Elodea canadensis Rich. ex Michx.
ANAGALLIS L. (Primulaceae)
*A. arvensis L., Scarlet Pimpernel,
Poor-man's-Weatherglass, Shepherd's-clock
ANAPHALIS DC. (Asteraceae)
A. margaritacea (L.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Clarke,
Pearly Everlasting
= Antennaria margaritacea (L.) R.
= A. margaritacea subspecies and varieties
Anchistea virginica (L.) Presl =
Woodwardia virginica (L.) Sm.
ANCHUSA L. (Boraginaceae)
*A. arvensis (L.) Bieb., Small Bugloss
= Lycopsis arvensis L. of Zenkert
(1934), Zander & Pierce (1979), Gleason (1952)
Anchusa
myosotidiflora Lehm. = Brunnera macrophylla (
ANDROMEDA L. (Ericaceae)
Andromeda
baccata Wang = Gaylussacia baccata (Wang.) Koch
Andromeda
calyculata L. = Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench
Andromeda canescens
Small = Andromeda polifolia L. var. glaucophylla (Link) DC.
Andromeda
glaucophylla Link = Andromeda polifolia L. var. glaucophylla (Link) DC.
A.
polifolia L. var. glaucophylla (Link) DC., Bog Rosemary, Moorwort
= A. glaucophylla Link
= A. canescens Small
= A. polifolia L. ssp. glaucophylla
(Link) Hultén
= A. polifolia L. var. angustifolia
Ait.
= A. polifolia L. var. latifolia Ait.
= A. rosmarinifolia Pursh, not Gilib.
Andromeda
glaucophylla Link = Andromeda polifolia L. var. glaucophylla (Link) DC.
Andromeda
rosmarinifolia Pursh, not Gilib. = Andromeda polifolia L. var. glaucophylla
(Link) DC.
ANDROPOGON L. (Poaceae)
Andropogon furcatus Muhl. = Andropogon
gerardii Vitm.
A. gerardii Vitm., Big Bluestem, Turkey-foot
= A. furcatus Muhl. of Zenkert 1934
= A. provincialis Lam.
Andropogon provincialis Lam. = Andropogon
Andropogon scoparius Michx. var.
scoparius = Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash ssp. scoparium
Andropogon scoparius var. frequens
Hubbard = Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash ssp. scoparium
Andropogon scoparius var. glaucescens
House = Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash ssp. scoparium
Andropogon scoparius var. septentrionalis
Fern. & Grisc. = Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash ssp. scoparium
A. virginicus L., Broomsedge
var. virginicus
ANEMONE L. (Ranunculaceae)
Anemone
aconitifolia Michx. = Anemone canadensis L.
A. acutiloba (DC.) Lawson, Sharp-lobed Hepatica
= Hepatica acutiloba DC.
= H. nobilis Mill. var. acuta (Pursh) Steyerm.
= H. acutiloba DC.
= H. triloba Chaix var. acuta Pursh
A.
= Anemone hepatica (of authors)
= Hepatica
= H. nobilis Mill. var. obtusa (Pursh) Steyerm.
= H. triloba Chaix var.
A. canadensis L., Canada Anemone, Wind-Flower
= A. aconitifolia Michx.
= A. pennsylvanica L.
= A. dichotoma (of authors)
A.
cylindrica A. Gray,
Long-fruited Anemone, Thimbleweed, Thimble-head Anemone
Anemone dichotoma (of authors) = Anemone
canadensis L.
Anemone groenlandica Oed. = Coptis
trifolia (L.) Salisb.
Anemone hepatica (of authors) = Anemone
Anemone nemorosa var. quinquefolia (L.)
Pursh = Anemone quinquefolia L.
Anemone pennsylvanica L. = Anemone
canadensis L.
A. quinquefolia L., Wood Anemone, Snowdrops
var. quinquefolia
= A. nemorosa var. quinquefolia (L.) Pursh
Anemone thalictroides L. = Thalictrum
thalictroides (L.) Eames & Boivin
A. virginiana L., Thimbleweed, Tall Anemone
var. alba (Oakes) Wood
= A. riparia Fern.
= A. virginiana var. riparia (Fern.) Boivin
var.
virginiana
Anemonella
thalictroides (L.) Spach = Thalictrum thalictroides (L.) Eames & Boivin
Anethum in part
= Foeniculum according to A. Wood (no date) The American Botanist and Florist,
Part IV
ANETHUM L. (Apiaceae)
Anethum foeniculum of
*A. graveolens L., Dill
ANGELICA L. (Apiaceae)
A. atropurpurea L., Purple-stemmed Angelica, Alexanders
= A. atropurpurea var. occidentalis Fassett
= Archangelica. atropurpurea Hoffm.
A.
venenosa (Greenway)
Fern., Hairy Angelica, Deadly Angelica
= A. villosa (Walt.) BSP
= Archangelica hirsuta Torr. & A. Gray
Annona triloba L. = Asimina triloba (L.)
Dunal
ANTENNARIA Gaertn. (Asteraceae)
Antennaria
canadensis Greene = Antennaria howellii Greene ssp. canadensis (Greene) Bayer
Antennaria fallax Greene = Antennaria
parlinii Fern. ssp. fallax (Greene) Bayer & Stebbins
Antennaria fallax Greene var. ambigens
(Greene) Fern. = Antennaria parlinii Fern. ssp. fallax (Greene) Bayer & Stebbins
Antennaria
grandis (Fern.) House, sec. Mitchell & Tucker 1997 = Antennaria neglecta
Greene
A. howellii Greene
ssp. canadensis
(Greene) Bayer
= A. canadensis Greene
= A. neglecta var. randii (Fern.)
Cronq.
= A. randii Fern.
ssp. petaloidea
(Fern.) Bayer
ssp. neodioica (Greene)
Bayer
= A. neglecta var. attenuata (Fern.)
Cronq.
= A. neodioica Greene
Antennaria margaritacea (L.) R. Br. =
Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth.& Hook.f. ex Clarke
A. neglecta
Greene, Everlasting, Pussy's-toes
= A. grandis (Fern.) House, sec.
Mitchell & Tucker 1997
= A. virginica of
Antennaria
neglecta var. attenuata (Fern.) Cronq. =
Antennaria howellii Greene ssp. neodioica (Greene) Bayer
The
following synonyms were provisionally given for Antennaria neglecta Greene by
Mitchell and Tucker (1997):
= A. grandis (Fern.) House, sec.
Mitchell & Tucker 1997
= A. neglecta var. howellii (Greene)
Cronq.
= A. neglecta var. simplex Peck
= A. neodioica Greene ssp. petaloidea
(Fern.) Bayer & Stebbins
= A. neodioica Greene var.
chlorophylla Fern.
= A. oneidica Greene
= A. petaloidea Fern.
= A. petaloidea Fern. var. novaboracensis
Fern.
“Note: “Under the International Rules of
1981, new combinations will have to be made here at the varietal level”
(Mitchell 1986).
Antennaria
neodioica Greene = Antennaria howellii Greene ssp. neodioica (Greene) Bayer
Antennaria parlinii var. arnoglossa
(Greene) Fern. = Antennaria parlinii Fern. ssp. parlinii
Antennaria petiolata Fern. = Antennaria
plantaginifolia (L.) Richards.
Antennaria
randii Fern. = Antennaria howellii Greene ssp. canadensis (Greene) Bayer
Antennaria
virginica of
A.
parlinii Fern.
ssp. parlinii
= A. plantaginifolia var. arnoglossa (Greene) Cronq.
ssp. fallax (Greene) Bayer
& Stebbins
= A. fallax Greene
= A. fallax Greene var. ambigens (Greene) Fern.
Antennaria petiolata Fern. = Antenaria
plantaginifolia (L.) Richards.
A.
plantaginifolia (L.)
Richards., Everlasting, Pussy's-toes, Lady's Tobacco
= A. petiolata Fern.
= A. plantaginifolia var. petiolata (Fern.) Heller
Antennaria plantaginifolia var. arnoglossa (Greene)
Cronq. = Antennaria parlinii Fern. var. parlinii
Antennaria plantaginifolia var. petiolata
(Fern.) Heller = Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Richards.
The following synonyms were provisionally
given for Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Richards.
by
Mitchell and Tucker (1997):
= A. arnoglossa Greene
= A. brainerdii Fern.
= A. munda Fern.
= A. occidentalis Greene
= A. plantaginifolia var. ambigens (Greene) Cronq.
= A. solitaria Rydb.
“Note: Under the International Rules of
1981, new combinations will have to be made here at the varietal level,”
(Mitchell 1986).
Antennaria randii Fern. = Antennaria
neglecta Greene
Antennaria virginica of
ANTHEMIS L. (Asteraceae)
*A. arvensis L., Corn Chamomile, Dog Fennel
= A. arvensis var. agrestis (Wallr.) DC.
= Chamemelum arvense (L.) Schreb.
*A. cotula L., Mayweed, Stinking Chamomile, Stinkweed, Dogweed, Dog
Fennel
= Maruta cotula (L.) DC.
Anthemis
tinctoria L. = Cota tinctoria (L.) Gay.
ANTHOXANTHUM L. (Poaceae)
A. nitens
(Weber) Schouten & Veldkamp, Vanilla Grass
ssp. nitens, Vanilla Grass New from NYFA 2012
*A. odoratum L., Sweet Vernal Grass
*A. ovatum Lag. var.
aristatum Pérez Lara New from Monroe Co. (NYFA 2012).
ANTHRISCUS Pers. emend. Hoffm. (Apiaceae)
*A. cerefolium (L.) Hoffm., Chervil
*A. sylvestris (L.) Hoffm., Wild Chervil
=
Chaerophyllum sylvestre L.
ANTICLEA Kunth (Melanthiaceae)
Anticlea chlorantha (Richards.) Rydb. =
Anticlea elegans (Pursh) Rydb. var.
glaucus (Nuttall) Zomlefer & Judd
A. elegans (Pursh) Rydb. var. glaucus (Nuttall) Zomlefer & Judd, White Camass, Alkali-grass
= Anticlea chlorantha (Richards.) Rydb.
= Zigadenus chloranthus (of authors)
= Z. elegans Pursh ssp. glaucus (Nuttall) Hultén
= Z. elegans Pursh var. glaucus (Nuttall) Cronq.
= Z. glaucus Nutt.
Antirrhinum canadense L. = Nuttallanthus canadensis (L.) D. A. Sutton
Anychia
divaricata Raf. = Paronychia fastigiata (Raf.) Fern.
Anychia
polygonoides Raf. = Paronychia fastigiata (Raf.) Fern.
Apalanthe
schweinitzii Planch. = Elodea canadensis Rich. ex Michx.
Apargia hispida
(L.) Willd. = Leontodon hispidus L.
Apargia nudicaulis (of authors) = Leontodon saxatilis Lamarck ssp. saxatilis
Aphyllon
uniflorum (L.) Torrey & Asa Gray ex Asa Gray = Orobanche uniflora L.
APIOS
Fabr. (Fabaceae)
A.
= A. tuberosa Moench
= Glycine apios L.
Apios tuberosa Moench = Apios
APLECTRUM (Nutt.) Torrey (Orchidaceae)
A.
hyemale (Muhl. ex
Willd.) Nutt., Putty-root Orchid, Adam-and-Eve
APOCYNUM L. (Apocynaceae)
A. androsaemifolium L., Spreading Dogbane, Pink Dogbane,
Indian Hemp
= A. androsaemifolium var. incanum
= A. scopulorum Greene ex Rydb.
A.
androsaemifolium × cannabinum = A. × floribundum Greene, Intermediate Dogbane, Indian Hemp
= A. medium Greene of Zenkert 1934
= A. × medium Greene
= A. milleri Britt.
A. cannabinum L., Clasping-leaved Dogbane, Indian
Hemp, Dogbane
= A. cannabinum var. glaberrimum
= A. cannabinum var. hypericifolium Gray
= A. cannabinum var. pubescens (Mitchell ex R. Br.) A. DC.
= A. pubescens Mitchell ex R. Br.
= A.
sibiricum Jacq.
Apocynum medium Greene of Zenkert 1934 =
[Apocynum androsaemifolium × cannabinum = A. × floribundum Greene]
Apocynum pubescens Mitchell ex R. Br. =
Apocynum cannabinum L.
Apocynum scopulorum Greene ex Rydb. =
Apocynum androsaemifolium L.
Apocynum sibiricum Jacq. = Apocynum
cannabinum L. var. hypericifolium Gray
AQUILEGIA L. (Ranunculaceae)
A. canadensis L., Wild Columbine, Red Columbine,
Rock-Bells, Meetinghouses 3
= A. canadensis var. coccinea (Small) Munz
= A. coccinea Small
Aquilegia coccinea Small = Aquilegia
canadensis L.
*A. vulgaris L., Garden Columbine, Blue or Purple
Columbine
ARABIDOPSIS Heynh. (Brassicaceae)
A.lyrata (L.) O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz ssp.
lyrata, Lyre-leaved Rock Cress
ssp. lyrata
= Arabis lyrata L.
= Arabis lyrata var. kamschatica Fisch. ex DC.
= Cardamine spathulata Michx.
= Cardaminopsis lyrata (L.) Hiitonen.
*A. thaliana (L.) Heynh., Mouse-ear Cress
= Arabis thaliana L.
= Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Britt. ex Britt.
& Brown
= Sisymbrium thalianum (L.) J. Gay
& Monn.
ARABIS
L. (Brassicaceae)
Arabis albida
Steven ex Bieb. = Arabis caucasica
Schlect. ex Willd.
Arabis alpina L.
in part = Arabis caucasica
Schlect. ex Willd.
Arabis
billardieri DC. = Arabis caucasica Schlect. ex Willd.
Arabis
brachycarpa (Torrey & A. Gray) Britt. = Boechera grahamii (Lehm.)
Arabis bulbosa
Schreb. ex Muhl. = Cardamine bulbosa (Schreb. ex Muhl.) BSP
Arabis
canadensis L. = Boerchera
canadensis (L.) Al-Shehbaz
*A.
caucasica Schlect. ex
Willd., Wall Rock-cress, Arrowleaf
[Note, the authorities cited here are doubtful: Schlect. ex Willd., sec.
Mitchell & Tucker 1997 and Morton and Venn 1990]
= A. albida Steven ex Bieb.
= A. alpina L. in part
= A. alpina L. ssp. caucasica (Schlect. ex Wild.) Briq.
= A. billardieri DC.
Arabis confinis “as to [
Arabis dentata (Torr.) Torr. & A.
Gray = Boechera dentata (Rafinesque) Al-Shehbaz & Zarucchi
Arabis divaricarpa A. Nelson = Boechera grahamii (Lehm.) Windham &
Al-Shehbaz
Arabis× divaricarpa A. Nelson of NY
reports = Boechera grahamii
Arabis
drummondii A. Gray = Boechera stricta (Graham) Al-Shehbaz
Arabis drummondii × holboellii = A. ×
divaricarpa A. Nelson of NY reports = Boechera grahamii (Lehm)
Arabis falcata Michx. = Boerchera
canadensis (L.) Al-Shehbaz
Arabis glabra (L.)
A. hirsuta (L.) Scop., Hairy Rock Cress
var. pycnocarpa (Hopk.) Rollins
= A. hirsuta ssp. pycnocarpa (Hopk.) Hultén
= A. pycnocarpa Hopk.
Arabis laevigata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Poir.
ex Lam. = Boerchera laevigata (Muhl. ex
Willd.) Al-Shehbaz
Arabis
lyrata L. = Arabidopsis lyrata (L.) O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz ssp. lyrata
Arabis
lyrata var. kamschatica Fisch. ex DC. = Arabidopsis lyrata (L.) O'Kane &
Al-Shehbaz ssp. lyrata
Arabis perfoliata Lam. = Turritis glabra
L.
Arabis perstellata var. shortii Fern. =
Boechera dentata (Rafinesque) Al-Shehbaz & Zarucchi
Arabis pycnocarpa Hopk. = Arabis hirsuta
(L.) Scop. var. pycnocarpa (Hopk.) Rollins
Arabis rhomboidea Pers. = Cardamine
bulbosa (Schreb. ex Muhl.) BSP
Arabis shortii (Fern.) Gleason = Boechera
dentata (Rafinesque) Al-Shehbaz & Zarucchi
Arabis stricta Huds., see Boechera
stricta (Graham) Al-Shehbaz
Arabis thaliana L. = Arabidopsis thaliana
(L.) Heynh.
ARALIA L. (Araliaceae)
A.
hispida Vent., Bristly
Sarsaparilla, Dwarf-Elder
A. nudicaulis L., Wild Sarsaparilla
A.
racemosa L., Spikenard,
Petty-Morrel, Life-of-Man
ssp. racemosa
A. spinosa L., Hercules' Club, Devil's
Walking-Stick, Angelica-Tree, Prickly-Ash
ARCEUTHOBIUM Bieb. (Viscaceae)
A. pusillum C. Peck, Dwarf Mistletoe
= Razoumofskya pusilla (C. Peck)
Kuntze
Archangelica
atropurpurea Hoffm. = Angelica atropurpurea L.
Archangelica hirsuta Torr. & A. Gray
= Angelica venenosa (Greenway) Fern.
ARCTIUM L. (Asteraceae)
*A. lappa
L., Great Burdock
= A. major Gaertn.
Arctium lappa var. tomentosa (Mill.) Gray
= Arctium tomentosum Mill. excluded (Zander & Pierce 1979).
Arctium major Gaertn. = Arctium lappa L.
*A. minus (Hill.) Bernh., Common Burdock
= A. nemorosum of authors, not Lej.
& Court.
Arctium
nemorosum of authors not Lej. & Court. = Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh.
Arctium
tomentosum Mill., excluded (Zander & Pierce 1979).
ARCTOSTAPHYLOS L. (Ericaceae)
A.
uva-ursi (L.) Spreng.,
Bearberry, Sandberry, Hog-Cranberry, Mealberry, Kinnikinnik, Mountain Box
= A. uva-ursi varieties
ARENARIA L. (Caryophyllaceae)
Arenaria
angustifolia Regel = Moehringia lateriflora (L.) Fenzl
Arenaria
lateriflora L. = Moehringia lateriflora (L.) Fenzl
Arenaria
leptoclados Reichenb. ex Guss. = Arenaria serpyllifolia L.
Arenaria marginata DC. ex Lam. & DC. = = Spergularia maritima (All.) Chiov.
Arenaria maritima Pall. = = Spergularia maritima (All.) Chiov.
Arenaria media L. = = Spergularia maritima (All.) Chiov.
Arenaria rubra
L. = Spergularia rubra (L.) J. & C. Presl
*A.
serpyllifolia L.,
Thyme-leaved Sandwort
var. serpyllifolia
= A. leptoclados Reichenb. ex Guss.
= A. serpyllifolia ssp. leptoclados (Reichenb. ex Guss.) Nymer
= A. serpyllifolia var. tenuior Mert. & Koch
= A. tenuior (Mert. & Koch) Gürke
Arenaria serpyllifolia ssp. leptoclados
(Reichenb. ex Guss.) Nymer and var. tenuior Mert. & Koch = Arenaria
serpyllifolia L.
Arenaria tenuior (Mert. & Koch) Gürke
= Arenaria serpyllifolia L.
ARETHUSA L. (Orchidaceae)
A. bulbosa L., Dragon's Mouth Orchid, Swamp Pink
A. anserina (L.) Rydb., Silverweed, Goose-grass, Goose-tansy
= A. babcockiana Rydb.
= Potentilla anserina L.
= Potentilla anserina var. sericea Hayne
ARISAEMA Mart. (Araceae)
A. dracontium (L.) Schott ex Schott & Endl., Green
Dragon, Dragon-root
= Arum dracontium L.
= Muricauda dracontium (L.) Kunth
A. triphyllum (L.) Schott ex Schott & Endl.,
Jack-in-the-Pulpit, Indian-Turnip
ssp.. stewardsonii (Britt.) Huttleston Stewardson's Jack-in-the-Pulpit
= A. stewardsonii Britt.
= A. triphyllum var. stewardsonii (Britt.) Stevens.
ssp..
triphyllum
= A. atrorubens
(Ait.) Blume
= Arum triphyllum
L.
ARISTIDIA L. (Poaceae)
*A. dichotoma L., Poverty Grass; Three-awn
*A. oligantha Michx., Prairie Three-awn
ARMORACIA Gaertn., Meyer & Scherb.
(Brassicaceae)
Armoracia
aquatica (Eaton) Wieg. = Armoracia lacustris (A. Gray) Al-Shehbaz & V.
Bates
Armoracia armoracia
(L.) Cockerell = Armoracia rusticana (Lam.) Gaertn., Meyer & Scherb.
Armoracia
aquatica (Eaton) Wieg. = Neobeckia aquatica (Eaton) Greene
Armoracia lacustris
(A. Gray) Al-Shehbaz & V. Bates = Neobeckia aquatica (Eaton) Greene
Armoracia lapathifolia Gilib. = Armoracia
rusticana (Lam.) Gaertn., Mey. & Scherb.
*A. rusticana (Lam.) Gaertn., Meyer & Scherb., Horse-radish
= A. armoracia (L.) Cockerell
= A. lapathifolia Gilib.
= Nasturtium armoracia (L.) Fries
ARNOGLOSSUM Rafinesque (Asteraceae)
A. atriplicifolium (L.) H. Robinson,
Orache-leaved Indian-plantain, Pale Indian-plantain, Wild Collard
= Cacalia atriplicifolia
L.
= C. rotundifolia (Raf.) House
ARONIA
Medik. (Rosaceae)
A. arbutifolia (L.) Pers., Red Chokeberry
= Mespilus arbutifolia L.
= Photinia pyrifolia (Lam.) Robertson
& Phipps
= Pyrus arbutifolia (L.) L.f.
= P. arbutifolia var. erythrocarpa
Michx.
Aronia
arbutifolia var. atropurpurea (Britt.) Seym. = Aronia floribunda (Lindl.) Spach
Aronia
arbutifolia var. nigra Willd. = Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Ell.
A.
floribunda (Lindl.)
Spach
= A. arbutifolia (L.) Pers. var.
atropurpurea (Britt.) Seym.
= A. atropurpurea Britt.
= A. prunifolia (Marsh.) Rehd.
= Mespilus prunifolia Marsh.
= Photina floribunda (Lindl.) Robertson & Phipps
= Pyrus arbutifolia var. atropurpurea (Britt.) B. Robinson
= P. floribunda Lindl.
A. melanocarpa (Michx.) Ell., Black Chokeberry
= A. arbutifolia var. melanocarpa
(Michx.) Torr.
= A. arbutifolia var. nigra Willd.
= A. nigra (Willd.) Köhne
= Mespilus arbutifolia var.
melanocarpa Michx.
= Photinia melanocarpa (Michx.) Robertson
& Phipps
= Pyrus arbutifolia var. melanocarpa
Michx.
= P. melanocarpa (Michx.) Willd.
Aronia
nigra (Willd.) Köhne = Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Ell.
Aronia
atropurpurea Britt. = Aronia floribunda (Lindl.) Spach
Aronia
prunifolia (Marsh.) Rehder = Aronia floribunda (Lindl.) Spach
ARRHENATHERUM Beauv. (Poaceae)
Arrhenatherum avenaceum Beauv., nom.
nud. = Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) Beauv. ex Presl & Presl
*A. elatius (L.) Beauv. ex Presl & Presl, Tall
Oat-grass
ssp. elatius
= A. avenaceum Beauv., nom. nud.
= A. elatius var. bulbosum (Willd.)
Spenner
ARTEMISIA L. (Asteraceae)
*A. abrotanum L., Southernwood, Old-Man
= A. procera Willd.
*A. absinthium L., Wormwood, Absinthe, Absinthium
*A. biennis Willd., Biennial Wormwood, Sage-Weed
A. campestris L., Tall Wormwood, Wild Sage
ssp.. caudata (Michx.) Hall & Clem.
= A. caudata Michx.
= A. canadensis of NY reports, not
Michx. (and of Day, 1882)
Artemisia
canadensis of NY reports, not Michx. (and of Day, 1882) = Artemisia campestris
L. ssp. caudata (Michx.) Hall & Clem.
[*A. carruthii
Wood ex Carruthers possible in
Artemisia
caudata Michx. = Artemisia campestris ssp. caudata (Michx.) Hall & Clem.
Artemisia gnaphaloides
Nutt. = Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. ssp. ludoviciana
*A. ludoviciana Nutt., Western Mugwort, White Sage,
*ssp. ludoviciana
= A. ludoviciana varieties including
A. gnaphaloides Nutt.
Artemisia
procera Willd. = Artemisia abrotanum L.
*A.
vulgaris L., Common
Mugwort, Felon-Herb
var. vulgaris
= A. vulgaris varieties
Arum dracontium L. = Arisaema dracontium
(L.) Schott ex Schott & Endl.
Arum triphyllum L. = Arisaema triphyllum
(L.) Schott ex Schott & Endl.
ASARUM L. (Aristolochiaceae)
A. canadense L., Wild ginger
= A. acuminatum (Ashe) Bickn.
= A. canadense var. acuminatum Ashe
= A. canadense var. ambiguum (Bickn.) Farw.
= A. canadense var. reflexum (Bickn.) B. Robinson
= A. reflexum Bickn.
ASCLEPIAS L. (Asclepiadaceae)
Asclepias bicknellii Vail = Asclepias
exaltata L.
Asclepias
cornuti Dec. in DC. = Asclepias syriaca L.
A.
exaltata L., Poke
Milkweed
= A. bicknellii Vail
= A. phytolaccoides Pursh
A. incarnata L., Swamp Milkweed
ssp. incarnata
Asclepias intermedia Vail = Asclepias
syriaca L.
Asclepias phytolaccoides Pursh =
Asclepias exaltata L.
A.
quadrifolia Jacq.,
Four-leaved Milkweed
A. syriaca
L., Common Milkweed
= A. cornuti Dec. in DC.
= A. intermedia Vail
A. tuberosa L., Butterfly-weed, Pleurisy-Root,
Orange Milkweed, Tuber-Root, Chigger-Flower, Indian-Paintbrush
ssp..
interior Woodson
= A. tuberosa ssp. interior Woodson
= A. tuberosa var. tuberosa of NY
reports
A. verticillata L., Whorled Milkweed
A. viridiflora L., Green Milkweed
= Acerates viridiflora (Raf.) Eat.
ASIMINA Adams (Annonaceae)
A. triloba (L.) Dunal, Pawpaw
= Annona triloba L.
ASPARAGUS L. (Asparagaceae)
*A. officinalis L., Asparagus
Asperula odorata
L. = Galium odoratum (L.) Scop.
Aspidium
acrostichoides Sw. = Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott.
Aspidium angustum Willd. = Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth ex
Mertens ssp.. angustum (Willd.)
Clausen
Aspidium boottii
Tuckerm. = [Dryopteris cristata × intermedia = D. × boottii (Tuckerm.) Underw.]
Aspidium
campyloptera Kunze = Dryopteris campyloptera (Kunze) Clarkson
Aspidium
cristatum (L.) Sw. = Dryopteris cristata (L.) A. Gray
Aspidium
cristatum var. clintonianum D.C. Eat. = Dryopteris clintoniana (D. Eat. ex A.
Gray) Dowell
Aspidium
goldianum Hook. ex Goldie = Dryopteris goldiana (Hook. ex Goldie) A. Gray
Aspidium
intermedium Muhl. ex Willd. = Dryopteris intermedia (Muhl. ex Willd.) A. Gray
Aspidium marginale
(L.) Sw. = Dryopteris marginalis (L.) A. Gray
Aspidium
noveboracense (L.) Sw. = Thelypteris noveboracensis (L.) Nieuwl.
Aspidium
spinulosum (O.F. Muell.) Watt = Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) Fuchs
Aspidium
spinulosum var. intermedium (Muhl.) D.C. Eaton = Dryopteris intermedia (Muhl.
ex Willd.) A. Gray
Aspidium
thelypteris (L.) Sw. = Thelypteris palustris Schott
ASPLENIUM L. (Aspleniaceae)
Asplenium
acrostichoides Sw. = Deparia acrostichoides (Sw.) Kato
Asplenium angustifolium
(of authors) = Diplazium pycnocarpon (Sprengel) M. Broun
Asplenium
ebeneum Ait. = Asplenium platyneuron (L.) BSP.
Asplenium
filix-femina of Gray's Manual, ed. 7 = Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth ex
Mertens var. angustum (Willd.) Lawson
A. platyneuron (L.) BSP., Ebony Spleenwort
var. platyneuron
= A. ebeneum Ait.
= A. platyneuron var. incisum (Howe ex
Peck) B. Robinson
Asplenium
pycnocarpon (Sprengel) Tidestr. = Diplazium pycnocapon (Sprengel) M. Broun
A.
rhizophyllum L., Walking
Fern
= A. rhizophyllum of L. and other authors
= Camptosorus rhizophyllus (L.) Link.
A. scolopendrium L., Hart's-tongue Fern
var. americanum (Fern.) Kartesz & Gandhi
= Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newm.
= P. scolopendrium var. americanum Fern.
Asplenium thelypteroides Michx. = Deparia
acrostichoides (Sw.) Kato
A.
trichomanes L.,
Maidenhair Spleenwort
ssp. trichomanes
= A. trichomanes var. quadrivalens D. Meyer
Asprella hystrix (L.) Humb. = Elymus
hystrix L. var. hystrix
Asprella hystrix var. bigelowiana Fern. =
Elymus hystrix L. var. bigeloviana (Fern.) Bowden
[[ASTER L. (Asteraceae), no representatives of
the genus in western
Aster acuminatus
Aster aestivus Aiton was a synonym of A.
longifolius Lam. according to House (1924) = Symphyotrichum praealtum (Poir.)
Nesom var. praealtum, q.v.
Aster angustus
Torr. & A. Gray = Symphyotrichum ciliatum
(Ledeb.) Nesom
Aster azureus Lindl. ex Hook = Symphyotrichum
oolentangiensis (Riddell) Nesom
Aster borealis (Torr. & A. Gray) Prov. =
Symphyotrichum boreale (Torr. & A. Gray) Á. Löve & D. Löve
Aster
brachyactis Blake = Symphyotrichum ciliatum
(Ledeb.) Nesom
Aster carmesinus Burgess ex Britt. &
Brown = Eurybia divaricata (L.) Nesom
Aster castaneus Burgess ex Small =
Eurybia divaricata (L.) Nesom
Aster claytonii Burgess = Eurybia
divaricata (L.) Nesom
Aster concinnus Willd. = Symphyotrichum laeve (L.) Á. & D. Löve var. concinnum (Willd.) Nesom
Aster cordifolius L. = Symphyotrichum cordifolium (L.) Nesom
Aster cordifolius var. incisus Britt. =
Symphyotrichum cordifolium (L.) Nesom
Aster cordifolius var. laevigatus Porter
= Symphyotrichum lowrieanum (Porter) Nesom
Aster cordifolius var. lanceolatus Porter
= Symphyotrichum cordifolium (L.) Nesom
Aster cordifolius var. polycephalus
Porter = Symphyotrichum cordifolium (L.) Nesom
Aster cordifolius var. racemiflorus Fern.
= Symphyotrichum cordifolium (L.) Nesom
Aster cordifolius var. sagittifolius
(Wedem. ex Willd.) A. Jones = Symphyotrichum urophyllum (Lindl.) Nesom
Aster corymbosus Ait. = Eurybia
divaricata (L.) Nesom
Aster
crenifolius (Fern.) Cronq. = Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (L.) G. L. Nesom var.
crenifolium (Fern.) Labrecque & Brouille
Aster curvescens Burgess ex Britt. &
Brown = Eurybia schreberi (Nees) Nees
Aster
divaricatus L. = Eurybia divaricata (L.) Nesom
Aster dumosus
L. = Symphyotrichum dumosum (L.) Nesom
Aster dumosus var. coridifolius [sic]
(Michx.) Torr. & A. Gray = Symphyotrichum dumosum (L.) Nesom
Aster dumosus var. strictior Torr. &
A. Gray = Symphyotrichum dumosum (L.) Nesom
Aster eminens Willd. = Aster junceus Ait.
= Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (L.) Nesom var. novi-belgii, excluded from western
Aster ericoides L. = Symphyotrichum
ericoides (L.) G. L. Nesom
Aster ericoides of some authors, not L. =
Symphyotrichum pilosum
(Willd.) Nesom var. pilosum
Aster
ericoides var. pringlei A. Gray = Symphyotrichum
pilosum (Willd.) Nesom var. pringlei (Gray) Nesom
Aster ericoides var. prostratus (Kuntze)
Blake = Symphyotrichum ericoides
(L.) G. L. Nesom
Aster ericoides
× novae-angliae = A. × amethystinus Nutt. = Symphyotrichum× amethystinum
(Nutt.) Nesom
Aster ericoides var. pringlei A. Gray =
Aster pilosus Willd. var. pringlei (Gray) Blake
Aster
faxonii Porter = Symphyotrichum pilosum
(Willd.) Nesom var. pringlei (Gray) Nesom
Aster firmus Nees = Symphyotrichum firmum (Nees) Nesom, q.v.
Aster glomeratus (Bernh. ex Nees) Burgess
ex Britt. & Brown = Eurybia schreberi (Nees) Nees
Aster hirsuticaulis Lindl. ex DC. = Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (L.) Á.
& D. Löve
Aster hirtellus Lindl. = Symphyotrichum
urophyllum (Lindl.) Nesom
Aster humilis Willd. = Doellingeria
infirma (
Aster infirmus Michx. = Doellingeria infirma (
Aster interior
Wieg. = Symphyotrichum lanceolatum
(Willd.) Nesom var. interior (Wieg) Nesom
Aster junceus Ait. = Symphyotrichum
novi-belgii (L.) Nesom var. novi-belgii, excluded from western
Aster junceus auct. non Ait. =
Symphyotrichum boreale (Torr. & A. Gray) Á. & D. Löve
Aster junciformis Rydb. = Symphyotrichum
boreale (Torr. & A. Gray) Á. & D. Löve
Aster laevis L. = Symphyotrichum laeve (L.) Á. & D. Löve
Aster laevis var. amplifolius Porter = Symphyotrichum laeve (L.) Á. & D. Löve
Aster laevis var. concinnus (Willd.) House = Symphyotrichum laeve (L.) Á. & D. Löve var. concinnum (Willd.) Nesom
Aster laevis var.
cyaneus (Hoffm.) Patterson = Symphyotrichum
laeve (L.) Á. & D. Löve
Aster lanceolatus Willd. var. interior
(Wieg.) Semple & Chmielewski = Symphyotrichum
lanceolatum (Willd.) Nesom var. interior (Wieg) Nesom
Aster lanceolatus
× tradescantii of authors = Symphyotrichum
lanceolatum (Willd.) Nesom var. interior (Wieg) Nesom
Aster lateriflorus (L.) Britt. = Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (L.) Á. & D. Löve
Aster lateriflorus (L.) Britt. var. angustifolius Wieg. = Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (L.) Á. & D. Löve
Aster lateriflorus (L.) Britt. var. hirsuticaulis (Lindl. ex DC.) Porter = Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (L.) Á. & D. Löve
Aster lateriflorus (L.) Britt. var.
thyrsoides (Gray) Sheldon = Symphyotrichum
Aster longifolius of some NY reports, not
Lam. = Symphyotrichum praealtum (Poir.) Nesom var. praealtum
Aster lowrieanus
Aster lucidulus (A. Gray) Wieg. =
Symphyotrichum firmum (Nees) Nesom, q.v.
Aster
macrophyllus L. = Eurybia
macrophylla (L.) Cass.
Aster miser Nutt. = Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (L.) Á.
& D. Löve
Aster multiflorus Ait. = Symphyotrichum
ericoides (L.) G. L. Nesom
Aster multiflorus var. exiguus Fern. =
Symphyotrichum ericoides
(L.) G. L. Nesom
Aster nemoralis Ait. = Oclemena nemoralis (Ait.) Greene
Aster nobilis Burgess = Eurybia
macrophylla (L.) Cass.
Aster
novae-angliae L. =
Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (L.) Nesom
Aster
novi-belgii L. var. tardiflorus (L.) A. Jones =
Symphyotrichum xtardiflorum (L.) Greuter, Aghababian & Wagenitz
Aster
crenifolius (Fern.) Cronq. = Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (L.) G. L. Nesom var.
crenifolium (Fern.) Labrecque & Brouille
Aster
novi-belgii L. var. crenifolius (Fern.) Labrecque & Brouillet =
Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (L.) G. L. Nesom var. crenifolium (Fern.) Labrecque
& Brouille
Aster olivaceus Burgess = Eurybia
divaricata (L.) Nesom
Aster
Aster
oolentangiensis Ridd. =
Symphyotrichum oolentangiensis (Riddell) Nesom
Aster oolentangiensis Riddell var.
laevicaulis (Fernald) A.G. Jones = Symphyotrichum oolentangiensis (Riddell)
Nesom
Aster paniculatus Lam., p.p. non P. Mill.
= Symphyotrichum lanceolatum
(Willd.) Nesom var.
lanceolatum
Aster patens Ait. = Symphyotrichum patens (Ait.)
Nesom var. patens
Aster patens var. phlogifolius (Muhl.) Nees
= Symphyotrichum phlogifolium (Muhl. ex Willd.) Nesom
Aster phlogifolius Muhl. ex Willd. =
Symphyotrichum phlogifolium (Muhl. ex Willd.) Nesom
Aster paternus Cronq. = Sericocarpus asteroides (L.)
BSP.
Aster pilosus Willd. var. demotus Blake = Symphyotrichum
pilosum (Willd.) Nesom var. pringlei (Gray) Nesom
Aster pilosus
Willd. var. pilosus = Symphyotrichum
pilosum (Willd.) Nesom var. pilosum
Aster plumarius Burgess ex Britt. &
Brown = Symphyotrichum cordifolium (L.) Nesom
Aster praealtus Poir. = Symphyotrichum praealtum (Poir.)
Nesom var. praealtum
Aster
prenanthoides Muhl. ex
Willd. = Symphyotrichum prenanthoides (Muhl. ex Willd.) Nesom
Aster
pringlei (Gray) Britt. ex Britt. & Brown = Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.) Nesom
var. pringlei (Gray) Nesom
Aster ptarmicoides (Nees) Torr. & A.
Gray = Oligoneuron album (Nutt.) Nesom
Aster puniceus L. = Symphyotrichum puniceum (L.) Á.
& D. Löve
Aster puniceus L. var.
firmus (Nees) Torr.
& A. Gray = Symphyotrichum firmum (Nees) Nesom, q.v.
Aster roscidus Burgess ex Britt. &
Brown = Eurybia macrophylla (L.) Cass
Aster roseus Desf. of Gray's Manual, 5th
Ed. p. 235 = Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (L.) Nesom
Aster sagittifolius auct. non Wedemeyer
ex Willd. = Symphyotrichum urophyllum (Lindl.) Nesom
Aster salicifolius Ait., not Lam. (of
Zenkert, 1934) = Symphyotrichum praealtum (Poir.) Nesom var. praealtum
Aster salicifolius sensuWilld. non Lam.
nec Ait = Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (L.) Nesom var. novi-belgii, excluded from
western
Aster schreberi Nees = Eurybia schreberi (Nees) Nees
Aster scutiformis Burgess = Eurybia
divaricata (L.) Nesom
Aster shortii of NY reports, not Lindl. =
Symphyotrichum oolentangiensis (Riddell) Nesom
Aster simplex
Willd. = Symphyotrichum lanceolatum (Willd.) Nesom var. lanceolatum
Aster simplex
var. interior (Wieg.) Cronq. = Symphyotrichum
lanceolatum (Willd.) Nesom var. interior (Wieg) Nesom
Aster tardiflorus L. = Symphyotrichum
xtardiflorum (L.) Greuter, Aghababian & Wagenitz
“Aster × tardiflorus L. = A. cordifolius × A. puniceus”
reported for
Aster tenebrosus Burgess = Eurybia
divaricata (L.) Nesom
Aster tenuifolius (of Day, 1882) =
Symphyotrichum boreale (Torr. & A. Gray) Á. & D. Löve
Aster tradescantii L. = Symphyotrichum
tradescantii (L.) Nesom
Aster tradescantii L. var. saxatilis
(Fern.) House = Symphyotrichum tradescantii (L.) Nesom
Aster tradescantii L. var. thyrsoides
(Gray) Boivin = Symphyotrichum
Aster umbellatus Mill. = Doellingeria
umbellata (P. Mill.) Nees
Aster undulatus L. = Symphyotrichum undulatum (L.) Nesom
Aster undulatus var. loriformis Burgess
ex Britt. & Brown = Symphyotrichum
undulatum (L.) Nesom
Aster urophyllus of NY reports, not
Lindl., “fide A. Cronquist, who saw the type specimens,” (Mitchell &
Tucker 1997) = Symphyotrichum urophyllum (Lindl.) Nesom
Aster
Aster vimineus Lam. = Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (L.) Á.
& D. Löve
Aster vimineus Willd. = Aster puniceus
var. vimineus Gray in Gray's Manual of Botany, 5th edition p. 234.
Aster violaris Burgess ex Britt. &
Brown = Eurybia macrophylla (L.)
Cass.
ASTRAGALUS L. (Fabaceae)
A. canadensis L., Canadian Milkvetch
= A. carolinianus of authors, not L.
= Phaca canadensis (L.) Kuntze
Astragalus cooperi A. Gray = Astragalus
neglectus (Torr. & A. Gray) Sheldon
*A. glycyphyllos L., European Milk-vetch, Fitsroot
A. neglectus (Torr. & A. Gray) Sheldon, Cooper's
Milk-vetch
= A. cooperi A. Gray
= Phaca neglecta Torr. & A. Gray
ATHYRIUM Roth (Woodsiaceae)
Athyrium acrostichoides (Sw.) Diels =
Deparia acrostichoides (Sw.) Kato
Athyrium angustifolium (Michx.) Milde =
Diplazium pycnocarpon (Sprengel) M. Broun
Athyrium angustum (Willd.) C. Presl = Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth ex Mertens ssp.. angustum (Willd.) Clausen
Athyrium asplenioides (Michx.) Desv. of authors in part = Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth ex Mertens ssp. angustum (Willd.) Clausen
Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth var. asplenioides (Michx.) Farw. = Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth ex Mertens ssp. angustum (Willd.) Clausen
Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth ex Mertens
ssp...
angustum (Willd.)
Clausen, Northern Lady-fern, Upland Lady-fern
= Aspidium angustum Willd.
= Athyrium angustum (Willd.) C. Presl
= A. asplenioides (Michx.) Desv. of authors in part
= A. filix-femina (L.) Roth var. asplenioides (Michx.) Farw.
= A. filix-femina var. michauxii (Sprengel) Farwell
Athyrium filix-femina var. michauxii (Sprengel) Farwell = Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth ex Mertens ssp.. angustum (Willd.) Clausen
Athyrium asplenioides (Michx.) Desv. (not
Eat.) = Athyrium filix-femina var. asplenioides (Michx.) Farw (excluded)
Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth. var. michauxii Mett. = Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth ex Mertens ssp.. angustum (Willd.) Clausen
Athyrium pycnocarpon (Sprengel) Tidestr.
= Diplazium pycnocarpon (Sprengel) M. Broun
Athyrium thelypteroides (Michx.) Desv. =
Deparia acrostichoides (Sw.) Kato
Atragene
ATRIPLEX L. (Chenopodiaceae)
Atriplex angustifolia Sm. = Atriplex
patula L.
Atriplex deltoides Babington = Atriplex
prostrata Boucher ex DC. in Lam. & DC.
Atriplex hastata sensu Aellen, not L. =
Atriplex prostrata Boucher ex DC. in Lam. & DC.
Atriplex littoralis L. = Atriplex patula
L.
Atriplex oppositifolia DC. = Atriplex
prostrata Boucher ex DC. in Lam. & DC.
A. patula L., Spreading Orache, Seaside Orach or
Atriplex, Spearscale
= A. angustifolia Sm.
= A. littoralis L.
= A. patula var. hastata A. Gray
= A. patula var. littoralis (L.) A.
Gray
*A. prostrata Boucher ex DC. in Lam. & DC., Orach,
Spearscale
= A. deltoides Babington
= A. hastata sensu Aellen, not L.
= A. oppositifolia DC.
= A. triangulais Willd.
*A.
rosea L., Red Orach,
Rosy Orach, Tumble-weed, Tumbling Orach
= A. spatiosa A. Nelson
Atriplex spatiosa A. Nelson = Atriplex
rosea L.
Atriplex triangulais Willd. = Atriplex
prostrata Boucher ex DC. in Lam. & DC.
Atropa pysalodes L. = Nicandra physalodes
(L.) Gaertn.
AUREOLARIA Raf. (Orobanchaceae)
A. flava (L.) Farw., Yellow False Foxglove
var. flava
= A. glauca (Eddy) Raf.
= Gerardia flava L.
= G. integrifolia A. Gray
= G. quercifolia Pursh
var. macrantha Pennell, Large-flowered False Foxglove
= Gerardia flava var. macrantha (Pennell) Fern.
A.
pedicularia (L.) Raf.,
Lousewort False Foxglove, Cutleaf False-Foxglove
= A. pedicularia var. intercedens Pennell
= Gerardia pedicularia L.
Aureolaria pedicularia var. intercedens
Pennell = Aureolaria pedicularia (L.) Raf.
A.
virginica (L.) Pennell,
Downy False Foxglove
= Gerardia virginica (L.) BSP.
AVENA L. (Poaceae)
*A. fatua L., Wild Oats
*A. sativa L.
Avena striata
(of authors) = Schizachne purpurascens (Torr.) Swallen
Azalea nudiflora
L. = Rhododendron periclymenoides (Michx.) Shinners
Azalea
periclymenoides Michx. = Rhododendron periclymenoides (Michx.) Shinners
AVENELLA Parl. (
A. flexuosa (L.) Drejer, Wavy Hair-grass, Common Hair-grass
= Aira flexuosa L.
= Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin.
AZOLLA
Lam. (Azollaceae)
Azolla
cristata Kaulf.,
Mosquito-fern, Water-fern
= A. caroliniana of NY reports, not Willd.
= A. filiculoides of NY reports, not Lam. ex Lam. et al.
Balsamita major Desf. = Tanacetum balsamita L.
Balsamita
vulgaris Willd. = Tanacetum balsamita L.
Baptisia lactea
(Raf.) Thieret = Baptisia alba
(L.) Vent. var macrophylla (Larisey) Isely
BAPTISIA L. (Fabaceae)
*Baptisia alba (L.) Vent.
var macrophylla (Larisey) Isely
= B. lactea (Raf.) Thieret, Prairie False-Indigo
= B. leucantha Torr. & A. Gray
Baptisia leucantha Torr. & A. Gray =
*Baptisia alba
(L.) Vent. var
macrophylla (Larisey) Isely
B.
tinctoria (L.) Vent.,
Wild Indigo, Rattleweed, Horsefly-weed
= B. tinctoria var. crebra Fern.
= B. tinctoria var. projecta Fern.
= Sophora tinctoria L.
BARBAREA R.Br. ex Ait. (Brassicaceae)
*B. verna (P.Mill.) Aschers, Early Wintercress,
Winter Belle-Isle, Land-Cress
= Campe verna (Mill.) Heller
= Erysimum vernum Mill.
*B. vulgaris R.
= B. stricta Andrz. ex Bess.
= B. taurica DC.
= B. vulgaris var. arcuata (Opiz & Presl) Fries
= B. vulgaris var. stricta A. Gray
= Campe barbarea (L.) Wight
= C. barbarea (L.) Wight var. hirsuta (Weihe.) House
= C. stricta (Andrz. ex Bess.) Wight
= Erysimum barbarea L.
BARTONIA Muhl. ex Willd. (Gentianaceae)
B.
virginica (L.) BSP.,
Yellow Bartonia, Screwstem
Bassia scoparia
(L.) A. Scott = Kochia scoparia
(L.) Schrader ssp. scoparia
Batrachium longirostre (Godr.) F. Schultz
= Ranunculus longirostris Godr.
Batrachium trichophyllum (Chaix ex Vill.) Bosch. = Ranunculus longirostris Godr.
BECKMANNIA Host (Poaceae)
Beckmannia eruciformis (of American
authors) = Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fern.
Beckmannia eruciformis (L.) Host var.
uniflora Scribn. ex Gray = Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fern.
*B.
syzigachne (Steud.)
Fern. Beckman's Grass, Slough-Grass
= B. eruciformis (L.) Host
= B. eruciformis (L.) Host var. uniflora
Scribn. ex Gray
= B.syzigachne ssp. baicalensis (Kusn.) Koy. & Kaw.
BELLIS L. (Asteraceae)
*B. perennis L., English Daisy, Lawn Daisy
Benzoin aestivale (L.) Nees = Lindera
benzoin (L.) Blume
Benzoin odoriferum Nees & ed 2 of
Gray's Manual = Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume
BERBERIS L. (Berberidaceae)
Berberis aquilifolium Pursh. = Mahonia
aquilifolium (Pursh) Nutt.
*B.
thunbergii DC., Japanese
Barberry
*B.
vulgaris L., Common
Barberry
BERTEROA DC. (Brassicaceae)
*B.
incana (L.) DC., Hoary
Alyssum
= Alyssum incanum L.
= Berteroa obliqua of NY reports, not (Sibth. & Sm.) DC.
= B. mutabilis of NY reports, not (Vent.) DC.
Berula erecta (Huds.) Cov., a native perennial plant
reported for western
BETULA L. (Betulaceae)
Betula alba of authors in part = Betula
pubescens Ehrh.
Betula alba var. populifolia (Marsh.)
Spach = Betula populifolia Marsh.
B. alleghaniensis Britt., Yellow Birch
= B. alleghanensis (“corrected spelling by Britton in Britt. &
Brown, 1903”), Mitchell & Tucker 1997.
= B. alleghaniensis var. macrolepis (Fern.) Brayshaw
= B. carpinifolia Michx.
= B. excelsa Poir
= B. lutea Michx. f.
= B. lutea var. alleghaniensis (Britt.) Ashe
Betula carpinifolia Michx. = Betula
alleghaniensis Britt.
Betula excelsa Poir = Betula
alleghaniensis Britt.
Betula glandulosa var. glandulifera
(Regel) Gleason = Betula pumila L.
B. lenta L., Black Birch, Sweet Birch, Cherry
Birch
Betula lutea Michx.f. = Betula
alleghaniensis Britt.
Betula lutea Michx. f. var. alleghaniensis
(Britt.) Ashe = Betula alleghaniensis Britt.
B.
nigra L., River Birch,
Red Birch
Betula odorata Bechst. = Betula pubescens
Ehrh.
B. papyrifera Marsh., Paper Birch, Canoe Birch, White
Birch 3
= B. papyrifera var. commutata (Regel) Fern.
= B. papyrifera var. pensilis Fern.
B.
populifolia Marsh., Gray
Birch, Gire Birch, Old Field Birch, White Birch
= B. alba var. populifolia (Marsh.) Spach
*B.
pubescens Ehrh., Downy Birch
ssp. pubescens
= B. alba of authors in part
= B. odorata Bechst.
B.
pumila L., Swamp Birch
= B. glandulosa var. glandulifera (Regel) Gleason
= B. pumila var. glandulifera Regel
BIDENS L. (Asteraceae)
*B.
aristosa (Michx.) Britt.,
Western Tickseed, Beggar-Ticks, Sticktights
= B. aristosa var. retrorsa (Sherff) Wund.
B. beckii Torr. ex Spreng., Beck’s Water-marigold
= Megalodonta beckii (Torr. ex Spreng.) Greene
= M. nudata Greene
*B.
bipinnata L., Spanish
Needles
B.
cernua L., Nodding
Sticktight, Bur-Marigold
= B. cernua varieties
Bidens chrysanthemoides Michx. = Bidens
laevis (L.) BSP
Bidens comosa (Gray) Wieg. = Bidens
tripartita L.
B.
connata Muhl. ex Willd.,
Beggar-ticks, Stick-tights
= B. connata var. petiolata (Nutt.)
Farw.
Bidens
B. coronata var. trichosperma (Michx.)
Fern. = Bidens trichosperma(Michx.) Britt.
B.
frondosa L., Common
Beggar-ticks
= B. frondosa varieties
B.
laevis (L.) BSP., Smooth
Beggar-ticks
= B. chrysanthemoides Michx.
*Bidens polylepis S. F. Blake as a
synonym of Bidens aristosa (
B. trichosperma(Michx.) Britt., Crowned Tickseed
Sunflower
= B.
= B. coronata varieties
= B. coronata var. trichosperma (Michx.) Fern.
= B. trichosperma var. tenuiloba (A. Gray) Britt.
= Coreopsis trichosperma Michx.
B.
tripartita L., Swamp
Beggar-ticks
= B. comosa (A. Gray) Wieg.
B.
vulgata Greene, Tall
Beggar-ticks
Bilderdykia cilinode (Michx.) Greene =
Fallopia cilinodis (Michx.) Holub
Bilderdykia convolvulus (L.) Dumort. = Fallopia convolvulus (L.) Á. Löve
Blechnum virginicum L. = Woodwardia
virginica (L.) Sm.
Blephariglottis blephariglottis (Willd.)
Rydb. ex Britt. = Platanthera blephariglottis (Willd.) Lindl.
Blephariglottis grandiflora (Bigel.)
Rydb. ex Britt. = Platanthera grandiflora (Bigel.) Lindl.
Blephariglottis leucophaea (Nutt.) Farw.
= Platanthera leucophaea (Nutt.) Lindl.
Blephariglottis psycodes (L.) Rybd. ex
Britt. = Platanthera psycodes (L.) Lindl.
BLEPHILIA Raf. (Lamiaceae)
B.
hirsuta (Pursh) Benth.,
Wood Mint
Blitum bonus-henricus Reichenb. =
Chenopodium bonus-henricus L.
Blitum capitatum L. = Chenopodium
capitatum (L.) Aschers.
Blitum maritimum Nutt. = Chenopodium
rubrum L.
Boebera papposa (Vent.) Hitchc. =
Dyssodia papposa (Vent.) Hitchc.
BOERCHERA A. Löve & D. Löve (Brassicaceae)
B. canadensis (L.) Al-Shehbaz, Sickle-pod
= Arabis canadensis L.
= A. falcata Michx.
B. dentata (Rafinesque) Al-Shehbaz & Zarucchi,
Short's Rock Cress, Toothed Rock-Cress
= A. shortii (Fern.) Gleason
= A. dentata (Torr.) Torr. & A. Gray
= A. perstellata var. shortii Fern.
Boechera drummondii (A. Gray) Á. Löve
& D. Löve = Boechera stricta
(Graham) Al-Shehbaz
B. grahamii (Lehm.)
= Arabis brachycarpa (Torr. & A. Gray) Britton
= A. divaricarpa A. Nelson
= A. drummondii × holboellii = A. × divaricarpa A. Nelson] of NY reports
= Boechera× divaricarpa (A. Nelson) Á. Löve & D. Löve of NY reports
= Turritis grahamii Lehmann
B. laevigata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Al-Shehbaz, Smooth
Rock Cress
= Arabis laevigata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Poir. ex Lam.
B. stricta (Graham) Al-Shehbaz, Drummond's Rock
Cress
= Arabis drummondii A. Gray
= Boechera drummondii (A. Gray) Á. Löve & D. Löve
= Turritis stricta Graham, not Arabis stricta Huds. according to House,
1924 p.365
Boechera× divaricarpa (A. Nelson) Á. Löve
& D. Löve of NY reports = Boechera grahamii (Lehm.)
BOEHMERIA Jacq. (Urticaceae)
B.
cylindrica (L.) Sw.,
False Nettle
= B. cylindrica var. drummondiana (Wedd.) Wedd.
BOLBOSCHOENUS (Reichenb.) Palla (Cyperaceae)
B. fluviatilis (Torrey) Soják, River-bulrush
= Scirpus fluviatilis (Torr.) A. Gray
B. maritimus (L.) Palla, Seaside-bulrush, Bayonet-grass
ssp. paludosus (A. Nelson) T. Koyama
= Scirpus campestris Britt., not Rottbøll
= Scirpus campestris var. paludosus (A. Nels.) Fern.
= Scirpus maritimus L.
= S. maritimus var. fernaldii (Bickn.) Beetle
= S. maritimus var. paludosus (A. Nels.) Kükenth.
= S. pacificus Britt. ex
= S. paludosus A. Nels.
= S. paludosus var. atlanticus Fern.
BORAGO L. (Boraginaceae)
*B. officinalis L., Borage
BOTRYCHIUM Sw. (Ophioglossaceae)
Botrychium ternatum var. lunarioides
(Michx.) D.C. Eat. = Botrychium lunarioides (Michx.) Sw. (excluded by Zander
& Pierce 1979)
Botrychium angustisegmentum (Pease &
Moore) Fern. = Botrychium lanceolatum ssp. angustisegmentum (Pease & Moore)
Clausen
B.
dissectum Spreng.,
Dissected Grape-fern, Cutleaf Grape-fern; see note below under Botrychium
lunarioides.
= B. dissectum var. elongatum Gilb. & Haberer
= B. dissectum var. obliquum (Muhl. ex Willd.) Clute
= B. ternatum Sw. var. dissectum (Spreng.) D. Eaton
= B. obliquum Muhl.
= B. obliquum var. elongatum Gilbert & Haberer
= B. obliquum var. dissectum (Spreng.) Prantl
Botrychium dissectum × multifidum =
Botrychium oneidense (Gilbert) House
Botrychium dissectum var. obliquum (Muhl.
ex Willd.) Clute = Botrychium dissectum Spreng.
Botrychium dissectum var. oneidense
(Gilb.) CLute = Botychium oneidense (Gilb.) House
B.
lanceolatum (Gmel.)
Aongstr., Lance-leaved Grape Fern
ssp.. angustisegmentum (Pease & Moore) Clausen
= Botrychium angustisegmentum (Pease & Moore) Fern.
B.
lunaria (L.) Sw.,
Moonwort
= B. lunaria var. onondagense (Underw.) House
= B. onondagense Underw.
Botrychium lunaria var. onondagense
(Underw.) House = Botrychium lunaria (L.) Sw.
Botrychium matricariae (Schrank) Spreng.
= Botrychium multifidum (Gmel.) Rupr.
Botrychium lunarioides Swartz of Gray's
5th edition of the manual has two varieties: var. obliquum (= Botychium
obliquum Muhl.) and var. dissectum (= Botrychium dissectum Muhl.) (p.672).
George Clinton used these names in his collecting diary. These ferns today are
probably Botrychium dissectum Spreng.
B.
matricariifolium (A.
= B. neglectum Wood
B.
multifidum (Gmel.)
Rupr., Intermediate Leather Grape Fern, Leather-leaved Grapefern
= B. matricariae (Schrank) Spreng.
= B. multifidum var. intermedium (D. Eat.) Farw.
= B. silaifolium Presl
= B. ternatum var. intermedium D.C. Eat.
Botrychium multifidum var. oneidense
(Gilb.) Farw. = Botrychium oneidense (Gilbert) House
Botrychium neglectum Wood = Botrychium
matricariifolium (A.
Botrychium obliquum Muhl. = Botrychium
dissectum Spreng.
Botrychium obliquum var. dissectum
(Spreng.) Prantl = Botrychium dissectum Spreng.
Botrychium obliquum var. elongatum
Gilbert & Haberer = Botrychium dissectum Spreng.
Botrychium obliquum var. oneidense
(Gilbert) Waters = Botrychium oneidense (Gilbert) Waters
B.
oneidense (Gilbert)
House, Oneida Grape Fern
= B. dissectum var. oneidense (Gilb.) Clute
= B. dissectum × multifidum
= B. multifidum var. oneidense (Gilb.) Farw.
= B. obliquum var. oneidense (Gilbert) Waters
Botrychium onondagense Underw. =
Botrychium lunaria (L.) Sw.
Botrychium silaifolium Presl = Botrychium
multifidum (Gmel.) Rupr.
B.
simplex E. Hitchc.,
Little Grape Fern, Least Moonwort, Dwarf Grape-fern
= B. simplex var. laxifolium Clausen, not (Clausen) Fern.
= B. simplex var. tenebrosum (A. Eaton) Clausen
= B. tenebrosum A. Eaton
Botrychium tenebrosum A. Eaton =
Botrychium simplex
Botrychium ternatum var. dissectum
(Spreng) D.C. Eat. = Botrychium dissectum Spreng.
Botrychium ternatum var. intermedium D.C.
Eat. = Botrychium multifidum (Gmel.) Rupr.
B.
virginianum (L.) Sw.,
Rattlesnake Fern
Brachyactis
angusta (Lindl.) Britt. = Symphyotrichum ciliatum
(Ledeb.) Nesom
Brachyactis
ciliata (Ledeb.) Ledeb. = Symphyotrichum ciliatum
(Ledeb.) Nesom
Brachyactis
ciliata (Ledeb.) Ledeb. ssp. angusta (Lindl.) A. G. Jones. = Symphyotrichum
ciliatum (Ledeb.) Nesom
BRACHYELYTRUM Beauv. (Poaceae)
Brachyelytrum
aristatum (Pers.) R.& S. = Brachyelytrum erectum (Schreb.) Beauv.
Brachyelytrum
aristatum Beauv. of Gray's 5th ed. = Brachyelytrum erectum (Schreb.) Beauv.
B.
aristosum (
= B. erectum (Schreb.) Palisot de
Beauv. var. septentrionale
= B. septentrionale (
B. erectum (Schreb.) Beauv., Bearded Short-husk, Brachyelytrum
= Brachyelytrum aristatum (Pers.)
R.& S.
= B. aristatum Beauv. of Gray's 5th ed
= Dilepyrum erectum (Schreb.) Farw.
= Muhlenbergia erecta Schreb. in Roth
ex Spreng.
Brachyelytrum
erectum var. glabratum (Vasey ex Millsp.) T. Koyama & Kawano =
Brachyelytrum aristosum (
Brachyelytrum
erectum var. septentrionale
Brachyelytrum. septentrionale
(
BRASENIA Schreb. (Cabombaceae)
Brasenia peltata
Pursh = Brasenia schreberi Gmel.
B. schreberi Gmel., Water-shield, Purple Wen-dock
= B. peltata Pursh
BRASSICA L. (Brassicaceae)
Brassica
arvensis (L.) Rabenh. = Sinapis arvensis L.
Brassica
arvensis var. schkuhriana (Reichenb.) Wheeler = Sinapis arvensis L.
Brassica
campestris L. = Brassica rapa L.
Brassica eruca
L. = Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. ssp. sativa (Mill.) Thell.
*B.
juncea (L.) Czern.,
Indian Mustard, Brown Mustard, Chinese Mustard, Curly Mustard
= B. japonica Thunb.
= B. juncea varieties
Brassica kaber (DC.) L. Wheeler = Sinapis
arvensis L.
Brassica kaber var. pinnatifida (Stokes)
Wheeler = Sinapis arvensis L.
*B. napus L., Kale, Rape, Rutabega,
Yellow Turnip, new in Cattaraugus Co. (NYFA)
*B. nigra
(L.) Koch, Black Mustard
= Sinapis nigra L.
*B.
oleracea L., Cabbage,
Kale, Broccoli, Cauliflower, Kohlrabi, Brussels Sprouts
= B. sylvestris (L.) Mill.
*B. rapa
L., Field Mustard, Turnip, Bok Choy, Chinese Cabbage
= B. campestris L
= B. rapa ssp. oleifera DC.
Brassica
sinapistrum Boiss. = Sinapis arvensis L.
Brassica
sylvestris (L.) Mill. = Brassica oleracea L.
BRIZA L. (Poaceae)
*B.
media L., Quaking Grass
Bromelica striata (Michx.) Farw. =
Schizachne purpurascens (Torr.) Swallen
BROMUS L. (Poaceae)
Bromus altissimus Pursh = Bromus
latiglumis (Shear) Hitchc.
B. ciliatus L., Fringed Brome-grass
Bromus ciliatus var. purgans (L.) Gray =
Bromus pubescens Muhl. ex Willd.
*B. commutatus Schrad., Fringed Brome, Hairy Chess
*B. erectus Huds., Upright Brome-grass, Hungarian
Brome
*B. hordeaceus L., Soft Chess
ssp. hordeaceus
= B. mollis of authors, not L.
Bromus incanus
(Shear) Hitchc. = Bromus latiglumis (Shear) Hitchc.
*B. inermis Leyss., Hungarian Brome-grass, Smooth Brome, Awnless Brome
= B. inermis var. divaricatus Rohl.
*B. japonicus Thunb. ex Murr., Japanese Brome-grass,
Japanese Chess
B. kalmii Gray, Kalm's Brome-grass
B.
latiglumis (Shear)
= Bromus altissimus Pursh
= Bromus incanus (Shear) Hitchc.
Bromus mollis of authors, not L. = Bromus
hordeaceus L.
B. nottowayanus Fern., Satin Brome, Virginia Brome, reported for southern Ontario by Wagnon
(1952) “with mapped records from the Niagara Peninsula [Regional Municipality
of Niagara] and at the eastern end of Lake Ontario (probably within New York
State)” is said to be closely related to B. pubescens, the sheaths densely
pubescent at the summit, “but has a 5-nerved upper glume and may be the result
of hybridization of that species with B. altissimus or even B. kalmii” (Dore
& McNeill 1980). Morton and Venn (1990) indicate that B. nottowayanus is
probably B. pubescens as does Voss (1972). Not noted for
*B. pubescens Muhl. ex
= B. ciliatus var. purgans (L.) Gray
= B. purgans of authors, not L.
Bromus purgans
L. = Bromus pubescens Muhl. ex Willd.
*B. racemosus L., Smooth Brome-grass, Soft Chess
*B. secalinus L., Cheat, Chess, Rye-brome
*B. sterilis L., Barren Brome-grass, Poverty-brome
*B. tectorum L., Downy Brome-grass, Cheat-grass
Brunella (orth.
var.) = Prunella L.
BRUNNERA Stev. (Boraginaceae)
*B.
macrophylla (
= Anchusa myosotidiflora Lehm.
= Myosotis macrophylla
BUCHNERA L. (Orobanchaceae)
B.
BUDDLEJA L. (Buddlejaceae)
*B. davidii Franch., Summer Lilac, Butterfly-bush,
Buddleja
BUGLOSSOIDES Moench (Boraginaceae)
*B. arvense (L.) Johnst., Corn Gromwell, Bastard
Alkanet
= Lithospermum arvense L.
BULBOSTYLIS Kunth (Cyperaceae)
B. capillaris (L.) Clarke, Sand-rush
ssp. capillaris
= Fimbristylis capillaris
A. Gray
= Stenophyllus capillaris (L.) Britt.
= S. capillaris var. cryptostachys
Fern.
BUTOMUS L. (Butomaceae)
*B. umbellatus L., Flowering Rush
Cacalia
atriplicifolia L. =
Cacalia suaveolens L. = Hasteola
suaveolens (L.) Pojark
Cacalia rotundifolia (Raf.) House =
CAKILE
Mill. (Brassicaceae)
Cakile
C. edentula (Bigel.) Hook., Sea-rocket, Shore-rocket
var. edentula
= C.
var. lacustris Fern.
= C. edentula ssp. lacustris (Fern.) Hultén
CALAMAGROSTIS Adans. (Poaceae)
Calamagrostis
arenaria Roth. of Gray's Manual ed. 5 = Ammophila breviligulata Fernald, q.v.
C. canadensis (Michx.) Beauv.,
var.
canadensis
= C. canadensis
var. robusta Vasey
= C. hyperborea Lange
Calamagrostis hyperborea Lange =
Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Beauv. var. canadensis
CALAMINTHA Mill. (Lamiaceae)
C. arkansana (Nutt.) Shinners, Low Calamint, Calamint
= C. nuttallii Benth.
= Clinopodium arkansanum (Nutt.) House
= Hedeoma arkansana Nutt.
= Micromeria glabella of
= Satureja arkansana (Nutt.) Briq.
= S. glabella var. angustifolia
(Torr.) Svenson
= S. glabella of
= S. glabra (Nutt.) Fern.
= Calamintha glabella var. nuttallii
(Benth.) Gray
Calamintha clinopodium
Benth. in DC. = Clinopodium vulgare L.
Calamintha
glabella var. nuttallii (Benth.) Gray = Calamintha arkansana (Nutt.) Shinners
Calamintha
nuttallii Benth. = Calamintha arkansana (Nutt.) Shinners
CALAMOVILFA (A. Gray) Hack. ex Scribn. & Southw. (Poaceae)
*C.
longifolia (Hook.)
Scribn.,
var. magna
Scribn. & Merr.
*C.
officinalis L.,
Garden-pot Marigold, new in
CALLA L. (Araceae)
C. palustris L., Wild Calla, Water-arum
CALLITRICHE L. (Plantaginaceae)
Callitriche
anceps Fern. = Callitriche heterophylla Pursh
C. heterophylla Pursh, Large Water-starwort
ssp. heterophylla
= C. anceps Fern.
C.
palustris L.,
Water-starwort
= C. verna L.
Callitriche verna L. = Callitriche
palustris L.
CALOPOGON R. Br. ex Ait. (Orchidaceae)
Calopogon pulchellus (Salisb.) R.
C. tuberosus (L.) BSP., Grass Pink Orchid
var tuberosus
= C. pulchellus (Salisb.) R.
= Calthea pulchella (Salisb.) Salisb., not (Willd.) Salisb.
CALTHA L. (Ranunculaceae)
C.
palustris L., Marsh
Marigold, Cowslip
= C. flabellifolia Pursh
= C. palustris var. flabellifolia (Pursh)
Torr. & A. Gray
= C. palustris var. radicans (Forst.)
Hartm.
= C. radicans Forst.
Calthea
pulchella (Salisb.) Salisb., not (Willd.) Salisb. = Calopogon tuberosus (L.)
BSP.
CALYPSO
Salisb. (Orchidaceae)
Calypso borealis
Salisb. = Calypso bulbosa (L.) Oakes var.
C. bulbosa (L.) Oakes, Calypso Orchid, Fairyslipper
var.
= C.
= C. borealis Salisb.
= Cytherea bulbosa (L.) Salisb.
CALYSTEGIA R. Br. (Convolvulaceae)
Calystegia pellita (Ledeb.) G. Don = Calystegia
hederacea Wallich
*C.
hederacea Wallich,
Japanese Bindweed
= Calystegia pellita (Ledeb.) G. Don
= C. pubescens Lindl.
= Convolvulus pellitus Ledeb.
= C. japonicus Thunb.
= C. wallichianus Spreng.
Calystegia pubescens Lindl. = Calystegia
hederacea Wallich
C. sepium
(L.) R. Br., Hedge-bindweed, Wild Morning-glory, Trailing Hedge-bindweed
*ssp. sepium (L.) R.
= Convolvulus nashii House
= C. sepium var. communis R. Tryon
= C. sepium var. sepium
C.
spithamea (L.) Pursh,
Low Bindweed
ssp. spithamea
= Convolvulus spithameus L.
CAMELINA Crantz (Brassicaceae)
*C.
microcarpa Andrz. ex
DC., Small-fruited False Flax, Littlepod
*C.
sativa (L.) Crantz,
False Flax, Dutch Flax, Gold-of-Pleasure
ssp. sativa
CAMPANULA L. (Campanulaceae)
Campanula
C.
aparinoides Pursh, Marsh
Bellflower
= C. aparinoides var. grandiflora Holz
= C. aparinoides var. uliginosa (Rydb.) Gleason
= C. uliginosa Rydb.
*Campanula glomerata L., a rare
introduction in
*C.
rapunculoides L.,
Creeping Bellflower
= C. rapunculoides var. ucranica (Bess.) Koch
C.
rotundifolia L.,
Harebell, Bluebell
Campanula uliginosa Rydb. = Campanula
aparinoides Pursh
CAMPANULASTRUM
Small (Campanulaceae)
C.
= Campanula
Campe barbarea (L.) Wight = Barbarea
vulgaris R.
Campe barbarea (L.) Wight var. hirsuta
(Weihe.) House = Barbarea vulgaris R.
Campe stricta (Andrz. ex Bess.) Wight =
Barbarea vulgaris R.
Campe verna (Mill.) Heller = Barbarea verna
(Mill.) Aschers
[CAMPSIS Lour. (Bignoniaceae)]
[C. radicans (L.) Seem. ex Bureau,
Trumpet-creeper, Trumpet-vine, Trumpet-flower, possibly est. in Regl. M. Niag.
Camptosorus rhizophyllus (L.) Link =
Asplenium rhizophyllum L.
CANNABIS L. (Cannabaceae)
Cannabis indica Lam. = Cannabis sativa L.
*C.
sativa L., Hemp,
Marijuana
= C. indica Lam.
= C. sativa ssp. indica (Lam.) Small & Cronq. flavula (Raf. ex
Desv.) Kuntze = Corydalis flavula (Raf. ex Desv.) DC.
CAPNOIDES Miller (Papaveraceae)
C. sempervirens (L.) Borck. ex Roemer, Pink Corydalis,
Rock Harlequin
= Corydalis glauca Pursh
= C. sempervirens (L.) Pers.
CAPSELLA Medik. (Brassicaceae)
*C. bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., Shepherd's Purse,
Pick-pocket
=
= Capsella bursa-pastoris var. bifida Crépin
= Thlaspi bursa-pastoris L.
Carara didyma (L.) Britt. = Coronopus
didymus (L.) Sm.
CARDAMINE L. (Brassicaceae)
Cardamine arenicola Britt. = Cardamine
parviflora L. var. arenicola (Britt.) Schulz
C.
bulbosa (Schreb. ex
Muhl.) BSP, Bulbous Spring Cress
= Arabis bulbosa Schreb. ex Muhl.
= A. rhomboidea Pers.
= Cardamine rhomboidea (Pers.) DC.
C. concatenata (Michx.) Schwein., Cut-leaved Toothwort
= Dentaria concatenata Michx.
= D. laciniata Muhl. ex Willd.
C. maxima (Nutt.) Wood, Large Toothwort
= C. concatenata × diphylla = C. × maxima
(Nutt.) Wood
= C. maxima (Nutt.) Wood
= Dentaria diphylla × laciniata
= D. diphylla × maxima
= D. × incisa K. Schum.
= D. × incisifolia Eames
= D. laciniata × maxima
= D. maxima Nutt.
C.
diphylla (Michx.) Wood,
Two-leaved Toothwort
= Dentaria diphylla Michx.
C.
douglassii Britt. (not
Torr.), Purple Spring-cress
= C. rhomboidea var. purpurea Torr.
*C.
flexuosa With.,
Rock-cress
Cardamine flexuosa of some NY reports,
not With. = Cardamine parviflora L. var. arenicola (Britt.) Schulz OR Cardamine
pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd.
*Cardamine hirsuta L. in
Cardamine hirsuta sensu Torrey's NY
Flora, not L. = Cardamine pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd.
Cardamine parviflora (of American
authors) = Cardamine parviflora var. arenicola (Britt.) O. E. Schulz
C.
parviflora L.,
Small-flowered Bitter Cress, Small-flowered Bittercress
var. arenicola (Britt.) O.E. Schulz
= C. arenicola Britt.
= C. flexuosa of some NY reports, not With.
= C. parviflora var. parviflora (of American authors)
= C. virginica Michx.
C.
pensylvanica Muhl. ex
= C. flexuosa of some NY reports, not With.
= C. hirsuta sensu Torrey's NY
Flora, not L.
= C. pensylvanica var. brittoniana Farw.
Cardamine pensylvanica var. brittoniana
Farw. = Cardamine pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd.
C. pratensis L., Cuckoo-flower
var. pratensis
= C. palustris Peterm. ex Rabenh.
= C. pratensis var. palustris Wimm. & Graeb.
= C. pratensis ssp. palustris (Wimm. & Graebn.) Clausen
Cardamine rhomboidea DC. = Cardamine
bulbosa (Schreb. ex Muhl.) BSP
Cardamine rhomboidea var. purpurea Torr.
= Cardamine douglassii Britt. (not Torr.)
C. rotundifolia
Michx., Round-leaved Cress
Cardamine
spathulata Michx. = Arabidopsis lyrata (L.) O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz ssp. lyrata
Cardamine
virginica Michx. = Cardamine parviflora L. var. arenicola (Britt.) Schulz
Cardaminopsis
lyrata (L.) Hiitonen. = Arabidopsis lyrata (L.) O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz ssp.
lyrata
CARDARIA Desv. (Brassicaceae)
*Cardaria
draba (L.) Desv., Hoary
Cress
= Lepidium draba L.
CARDUUS L. (Asteraceae)
*C.
acanthoides L.,
Bristle-thistle, Spiny Plumeless-thistle
ssp. acanthoides
Carduus mariana L. = Silybum marianum
(L.) Gaertn.
*C.
nutans L., Nodding
Thistle, Musk-thistle
CAREX L. (Cyperaceae)
Carex abacta Bailey = Carex michauxiana
Boeckl.
Carex aenea
Fern. = Carex argyrantha Tuckerm
C.
aestivalis Curtis ex A.
Gray, Summer-sedge
C.
alata Torr.,
Broad-winged Sedge
C. albicans Willd. ex Spreng., Sedge
var.
albicans
= C. artitecta Mackz.
= C. nigromarginata var. muhlenbergii (A. Gray) Gleason
= C. varia of old NY reports, not Muhl. ex Willd.
var. emmonsii (Dewey ex Torrey) Rettig, Emmons' Sedge
= C. emmonsii Dewey ex Torrey
C. albursina Sheldon, White Bear Sedge
= C. laxiflora var. latifolia Boott
C. alopecoidea Tuckerm., Fox-sedge
Carex
amphibola Steud. var. turgida Fern. = Carex grisea Wahlenb.
Carex anceps Muhl. = Carex laxiflora Lam.
Carex angustata Boott, according to
Gray's Manual, ed. 5, 1867 = Carex stricta Lam.
Carex
angustior Mackenzie ex Rydb. = Carex echinata Murr.
C.
annectens (Bickn.)
Bickn.
= C. annectens var. xanthocarpa
(Bickn.) Wieg.
= C. brachyglossa Mackenzie
C. appalachica Webber & Ball
= C. radiata (Wahlenberg) Small,
“formerly C. radiata sensu Mackenzie”
= C. rosea var. radiata (Wahlenberg)
Dewey
C. aquatilis Wahl., Northern Water-sedge
var. aquatilis
= C. aquatilis var. altior (Rydb.)
Fern.
C. arctata Boott ex Hook., Drooping Wood-sedge
C. argyrantha Tuckerm., Hay-sedge
= C. aenea Fern. (sec. NYFA July 2005)
= C. foenea of some old NY reports, not Willd.
= C. siccata Dewey (sec. NYFA July
2005)
Carex artitecta
Mackz. = Carex albicans Willd. ex Spreng. var. albicans
Carex asa-grayi
Bailey = Carex grayi Carey
C. atherodes Spreng., Wheat-ear Sedge
C. atlantica Bailey
ssp.. atlantica, Prickly Bog-sedge
= C. atlantica var. incomperta (Bickn.) Herm.
= C. incomperta Bickn.
ssp..
capillacea (Bailey)
Reznicek, Howe's Sedge
= C. howei Mackenzie
C. aurea Nutt., Golden-fruited Sedge
Carex aurea
Nutt. in part = Carex garberi Fern.
C. backii Boott, Back's Sedge
= C. durifolia Bailey
C.
baileyi Britt., Bailey’s sedge, New from
Cattaraugus Co. (NYFA 2012)
C. bebbii (Bailey) Olney ex Fern., Bebb's Sedge
Carex bicolor
(of authors) = Carex garberi Fern.
C.
billingsii (Knight) C.
D. Kirschb.
= C. trisperma Dewey var. billingsii
Knight
C. blanda Dewey, Charming Sedge, Woodland Sedge
= C. laxiflora var. blanda (Dewey)
Boott
Carex brachyglossa Mackenzie = Carex annectens (Bickn.) Bickn.
C. brevior (Dewey) Mackenzie ex Lunell, Common
Fescue-sedge
Carex
brevior (Dewey) Mackenzie in part = Carex merritt-fernaldii Mackenzie
C. bromoides Schkuhr ex Willd., Brome-like Sedge
ssp. bromoides
C. brunnescens (Pers.) Poir. ex Lam., Brownish
Sedge
ssp. brunnescens
ssp.
sphaerostachya (Tuckerman) Kalela, New from Cattaraugus Co.
(NYFA 2012)
C. buxbaumii Wahl., Brown Sedge
= C. polygama Schk.
C. canescens L., Silvery Sedge
ssp. canescens
= C. canescens var. subloliacea Laest.
= C. curta Good., according to Gray,
1967, Manual ed 5
C. careyana Torr. ex Dewey, Carey's Sedge
Carex
cephalantha (Bailey) Bickn. = Carex echinata Murr.
C. cephaloidea (Dewey) Dewey, Thin-leaved Sedge
= C. sparganioides var. cephaloidea
(Dewey) Carey
C. cephalophora Muhl. ex Willd., Southern Sedge,
Ovel-leaved Sedge
Carex
chlorophila Mackenzie = Carex viridula Michx.
C. chordorrhiza Ehrh. ex L.f., Creeping Sedge
C. communis Bailey, Fibrous-rooted Sedge
var. communis
C. comosa Boott, Bristly Sedge
Carex
complanata (of authors) non Torr. & Hook. = Carex hirsutella Mackz.
Carex
complanata Torr. & Hook. var. hirsuta (L.H. Bailey) Gleason = Carex
hirsutella Mackz.
C. conoidea Schkuhr ex Willd., Field-sedge
Carex convoluta
Mackenzie = Carex rosea Schkuhr ex Willd.
Carex corrugata
Fern. = Carex grisea Wahlenb.
C. crawei Dewey ex Torr., Crawe's Sedge
C.
crinita Lam.,
Sickle-sedge, Fringed Sedge
var. crinita
= C. crinita var. brevicrinis Fern.
= C. crinita var. minor Boott
= C. crinita var. porteri (Olney) Fern.
= C. crinita var. simulans Fern.
= C. nigromarginata var. minor (Boott) Gleason
Carex crinita var. gynandra (Schwein.)
Schwein. & Torr. = Carex gynandra Schwein.
Carex cristata (of authors) = Carex
cristatella Britt. ex Britt. & Brown
C. cristatella Britt. ex Britt. & Brown, Crested Sedge
= C. cristata (of authors)
C. cryptolepis Mackenzie, Small Yellow Sedge
= C. flava var. fertilis M. Peck
= C. oederi Michx. according to House,
1924, p. 195
Carex curta
Good., according to Gray, 1967, Manual ed 5 = Carex canescens L.
C. debilis Michx., Rudge's Sedge, White-edge Sedge
var.
rudgei Bailey
= C. flexuosa
Muhl. ex Willd.
C. deweyana Schwein., Dewey's Sedge
var. deweyana
C. diandra Schrank, Lesser Panicled Sedge
= C. teretiuscula var. major Koch
C. digitalis Willd., Slender Wood-sedge
var. digitalis
Carex dioica L.
of authors in part = Carex gynocrates Wormsk. ex Drej.
C.
disperma Dewey,
Soft-leaved Sedge
= C. tenella Schk.
Carex disticha
(of Day, 1882) = Carex sartwellii Dewey
Carex durifolia Bailey = Carex backii
Boott
C. eburnea Boott ex Hook., Bristle-leaved Sedge
C.
echinata Murr., Prickly
Sedge
ssp. echinata
= C. angustior Mackenzie ex Rydb.
= C. cephalantha (Bailey) Bickn.
= C. leersii Willd. of Zander & Pierce (1979)
= C. muricata of American authors, not L.
= C. muricata L. var. angustata Carey
= C. muricata L. var. cephalantha (Bailey) Wieg. & Eames
Carex elachycarpa Fern. = Carex sterilis
Willd.
Carex emmonsii Dewey ex Torr. = Carex
albicans var. emmonsii (Dewey ex Torrey) Rettig.
C. emoryi Dewey ex Torrey, Emory's Sedge
= C. stricta var. elongata (Bock)
Gleason
C. festucacea Schkuhr ex Willd., Fescue-sedge
= C. straminea of some old NY reports,
not Schkuhr ex Willd.
= C. straminea Willd. var. festucacea
Boott
Carex filiformis
of authors, not L. = Carex lasiocarpa ssp.
Carex flaccosperma Dewey var. glaucodea (Tuckerman ex Olney) Kuk. = Carex
glaucodea Tuckerm. ex Olney
Carex flaccidula Steudel, sec. Macdonald
1990 = C. radiata (Wahl.) Small (not Dewey)
C.
flava L., Yellow Sedge
= C. flava var. laxior (Kuk.) Gleason
= C. laxior (Kuk.) Mackenzie
Carex flava var. fertilis Peck = Carex
cryptolepis Mackenzie
Carex flexuosa Muhl. ex Willd. = Carex debilis
Michx. var. rudgei Bailey
Carex foenea (of authors) = Carex
argyrantha Tuckerm.
C. folliculata L., Long Sedge
C.
C.
garberi Fern., Garber's
Sedge, Elk-sedge
= C. aurea Nutt. in part.
= C. bicolor (of authors)
= C. garberi ssp. bifaria (Fern.) Hultén
= C. hassei Bailey
C.
glaucodea Tuckerm. ex
Olney, Blue-green Sedge
= C.
C. gracilescens Steud.
C. gracillima Schwein., Graceful Sedge
C. granularis Muhl. ex Willd., Meadow-sedge
= C. granularis Muhlenb. ex Willd.
var. haleana (Olney)
= C. haleana Olney
= C. shriveri Britt.
C.
grayi Carey, Gray's
Sedge
= C. asa-grayi Bailey
= C. asa-grayi Bailey var.
hispidula (A. Gray) Bailey
= C. grayi var. hispidula A. Gray
Carex grayi var. hispidula A. Gray =
Carex grayi Carey
C. grisea
Wahlenb., Gray Sedge
= C.
amphibola Steud. var. turgida Fern.
= C. corrugata Fern.
= C. grisea Wahl.
Carex gymnocrates of authors = Carex
gynocrates Wormsk. ex Drej.
C.
gynandra Schwein.,
Nodding Sedge, Mountain Fringed Sedge
= C. crinita var. gynandra (Schwein.) Schwein. & Torr.
C.
gynocrates Wormsk. ex
Drej., Northern Bog-sedge
= C. dioica L. of authors in part
= C. gymnocrates of authors
Carex haleana Olney = Carex granularis Muhl. ex Willd.,
Carex hassei Bailey = Carex garberi Fern.
[C. haydenii
Dewey, Hayden's Sedge]
Rarity Status: State; E TNC Rank:
G5 S1: according to Young, (1998) this species is of possible occurrence in
Niagara Co. due to unconfirmed report, oral, published or otherwise. Present in
Cattaraugus Co. (NYFA 2012)
Carex
hirsuta Willd., see Gray's Manual ed p. 588 = Carex hirsutella Mackz.
C. hirsutella
Mackz., Northern Hirsute Sedge
= C. complanata (of authors) non Torr. & Hook.
= C. complanata Torr. & Hook. var. hirsuta (L.H.Bailey) Gleason
= C. hirsuta Willd., see Gray's Manual ed 5 p. 588
= C. triceps (of authors)
C.
hirtifolia Mackenzie,
Pubescent Sedge
= C. pubescens Muhl.
C.
hitchcockiana Dewey,
Hitchcock's Sedge
Carex howei Mackenzie = Carex atlantica
Bailey ssp. capillacea (Bailey) Reznicek
[C. hyalinolepis Steud., Sedge
There
are unconfirmed reports of this species from Cattaraugus Co. (Young 1998). Not
recorded or confirmed by NYFA 2012.]
C.
hystericina Muhl. ex
Willd., Porcupine-sedge
= C. hystricina of authors
Carex hystricina of authors = Carex
hystericina Muhl. ex Willd.
Carex incomperta Bickn. = Carex atlantica
Bailey ssp. atlantica
C.
interior Bailey, Inland
Sedge
C.
intumescens Rudge,
Bladder-sedge
= C. intumescens var. fernaldii Bailey
Carex irregularis Schwein. = Carex
viridula Michx.
C.
jamesii Schwein., James'
Sedge
= C. steudelii Kunth
C.
lacustris Willd.,
Lake-bank Sedge
= C. riparia (of authors)
= C. riparia var. lacustris (Willd.) Kuekenth
C.
laevivaginata (Kuekenth)
Mackenzie ex Britt. & Brown, Smooth-sheathed Sedge
Carex lanuginosa of authors, not
Carex lanuginosa
C.
lasiocarpa Ehrh.,
Slender Sedge
ssp..
= C. lanuginosa Michx.var.
= C. lasiocarpa var.
= C. filiformis auct. not of L.
Carex lasiocarpa ssp. lanuginosa (Michx.)
Clausen & Wahl. = C. pellita Muhl.
Carex lasiocarpa var.
Carex lasiocarpa var. latifolia (Boeck.)
Gleason = C. pellita Muhl.
C. laxiculmis Schwein., Spreading Sedge
var. laxiculmis
= C. retrocurva Dewey in Wood
C. laxiflora Lam., Loose-flowered Sedge
= C. anceps Willd.
Carex laxiflora
var. blanda (Dewey) Boott = Carex blanda Dewey
Carex laxiflora
var. latifolia Boott = Carex albursina Sheldon
Carex laxior
(Kuk.) Mackenzie = Carex flava L.
Carex leersii
Willd. of Zander & Pierce (1979) = Carex echinata Murr.
C. leptalea Wahl., Bristle-stalked Sedge
= C. polytrichoides Muhl. ex Willd.
C. leptonervia (Fern.) Fern., Northern Woodland-sedge
C. limosa L., Mud-sedge
C. lupuliformis Sartwell ex Dewey, Hop-like Sedge
C. lupulina Muhl. ex Willd., Hop-sedge
= C. × macounii Dewey
= C. lupulina var. pedunculata Gray
Carex lupulina
var. pedunculata Gray = Carex lupulina Muhl. ex Willd.
C. lurida Wahl., Sallow Sedge
= C. lurida var. exundans Bailey ex
Britt. & Brown
= C. lurida var. pedunculata Gray
= C. tentaculata Muhl. ex Willd.
Carex × macounii
Dewey = Carex lupulina Muhl. ex Willd.
C. magellanica ssp. irrigua (Wahl.) Hultén, Bog sedge
= C. paupercula
= Carex paupercula
In Zenkert (1934) , C. paupercula is a
synonym of C. magellanica of Macoun's
Cat. of
C. meadii Dewey, Mead's Sedge
C. merritt-fernaldii Mackz., Fernald's
Sedge
= C. brevior (Dewey) Mackz. in part.
C.
michauxiana Boeckl.,
Michaux's Sedge
= C. abacta Bailey
Carex miliacea Muhl. ex Willd. = Carex
prasina Wahl.
Carex mirabilis Dewey = Carex normalis
Mackenzie
C. molesta Mackenzie, Troublesome Sedge
C. muhlenbergii Schkuhr ex Willd., Muhlenberg's
Sedge
var.
muhlenbergii
Carex muricata of some authors, not L.
see Carex spicata Huds.
Carex muricata L. (of Zenkert, 1934) =
Carex echinata Murr.
Carex muricata var. angustata Carey =
Carex echinata Murr.
Carex muricata L. var. cephalantha
(Bailey) Wieg. & Eames = Carex echinata Murr.
Carex muricata var. sterilis (Willd.)
Gleason, not Carey = Carex sterilis Willd.
Carex nigromarginata var. muhlenbergii
(A. Gray) Gleason = Carex albicans Willd. ex Spreng. var. albicans
Carex nigromarginata var. minor (Boott)
Gleason = Carex crinita Lam. var. crinita
C. normalis Mackenzie, Larger Straw-sedge
= C. mirabilis Dewey
C. novae-angliae Schwein., New England Sedge
Carex oederi Michx.
according to House, 1924, p. 195 = Carex cryptolepis Mackenzie
Carex oederi
var. pumila (Cos. & Germ.) Fern. = Carex viridula Michx.
C. oligocarpa Schkuhr ex Willd., Few-fruited Sedge
C. oligosperma Michx., Few-seeded Sedge
C. pallescens L., Pale Sedge
= C. pallescens var. neogea Fern.
Carex pallescens
var. neogea Fern. = Carex pallescens L.
C. pauciflora Lightf., Few-flowered Sedge
Carex paupercula Michx. var. irrigua
(Wahl.) Fern. = Carex magellanica ssp. irrigua (Wahl.) Hultén
Carex paupercula
C. pedunculata Muhl. ex Willd., Long-stalked Sedge
C. pellita Muhl., Woolly Sedge
= C. lanuginosa of authors, not
= C. lasiocarpa var. latifolia (Boeckl.) Gilly
= C. lasiocarpa ssp. lanuginosa (Michx.) Clausen & Wahl.
C. pensylvanica Lam., Pennsylvania-sedge
C. plantaginea Lam., Plantain-leaved Sedge
C. platyphylla Carey, Broad-leaved Sedge
Carex polygama
Schk. = Carex buxbaumii Wahl.
Carex polytrichoides
Muhl. ex Willd. = Carex leptalea Wahl.
C. prairea Dewey ex Wood, Prairie-sedge
C. prasina Wahl., Drooping Sedge
= C. miliacea Muhl. ex Willd.
C. projecta Mackenzie, Necklace Sedge
C. pseudocyperus L., Cyperus-like Sedge
Carex pubescens
Muhl. = Carex hirtifolia Mackenzie
C. radiata (Wahl.) Small (not Dewey), Sedge
= C. flaccidula Steudel, sec.
Macdonald 1990
= C. rosea of some authors, not Willd.
= C. rosea auct.
Carex retrocurva
Dewey in Wood = Carex laxiculmis Schwein.
C. retroflexa Muhl. ex Willd., Reflexed Sedge
C. retrorsa Schwein., Retrorse Sedge
Carex riparia
(of authors) = Carex lacustris Willd.
Carex riparia
var. lacustris (Willd.) Kuekenth = Carex lacustris Willd.
C. rosea Schkuhr ex Willd., Rose-sedge
= C. convoluta Mackenzie, “see note
under C. radiata”
C. rostrata Stokes ex With. var.
utriculata (Boott)
Bailey = Carex utriculata Boott in Hook.
Carex rugosperma
Mackenzie = Carex tonsa (Fern.) Bickn. var. rugosperma (Mackenzie) Crins
C. sartwellii Dewey, Sartwell's Sedge
= C. disticha (of Day, 1882)
C. scabrata Schwein., Rough Sedge
C. schweinitzii Dewey ex Schwein., Schweinitz's Sedge
C. scoparia Schkuhr ex Willd., Pointed Broom
Sedge
var. scoparia
C. seorsa Howe ex Gord. & Howe, Sedge
= C. rosaeoides Howe ex Gord. &
Howe
Carex setacea
Dewey = Carex vulpinoidea Michx.
Carex siccata
Dewey (sec. NYFA July 2005) = Carex argyrantha Tuckerm.
Carex shriveri Britt.
= Carex granularis Muhl. ex Willd.
C. sparganioides Muhl. ex Willd., Bur-reed Sedge
Carex
sparganioides var. cephaloidea (Dewey) Carey = Carex cephaloidea (Dewey) Dewey
*C.
spicata Huds., Spiked
Sedge
= C. muricata of some authors, not L.
C. sprengelii Dewey ex Sprengel
C. squarrosa L., Squarrose Sedge
Carex stellulata
Good. = Carex sterilis Willd.
Carex stellulata
var. cephalantha “of Gray's
C.
sterilis Willd., Barren
Prickly Sedge
= C. elachycarpa Fern.
= C. stellulata Good.
= C. muricata var. sterilis (Willd.) Gleason, not Carey
Carex steudelii Kunth = Carex jamesii
Schw.
C. stipata Muhl. ex Willd., Awl-fruited Sedge
var. stipata
[C. straminea
Willd. ex Schkuhr, Straw Sedge. The report of this species by Zenkert and
Zander (1975) is based on a published report for Chautauqua Co. by Burgess
(1877): Burgess' specimen cannot be located. Specimens of this species, which
is rare in
Carex straminea of
some old NY reports, not Schkuhr ex Willd. = Carex festucacea Schkuhr ex Willd.
Carex straminea
Willd. var. festucacea Boott = Carex festucacea Schkuhr ex Willd.
C.
stricta Lam.,
Tussock-sedge
= C. angustata Boott, according to Gray's Manual, ed 5, 1867
= C. stricta var. strictior (Dewey) Carey
= C. strictior Dewey ex Wood
= C. strictior Dewey ex Wood var. angustata (Boott) Bailey
Carex stricta var. elongata (Bock)
Gleason = Carex emoryi Dewey ex Torrey
C. swanii (Fern.) Mackenzie, Swan's Sedge
Carex tenella
Schk. = Carex disperma Dewey
C. tenera Dewey, Slender Straw-sedge
= C. tenera var. echioides (Fern.)
Wieg.
Carex
tentaculata Muhl. ex Willd. = Carex lurida Wahl.
C. tenuiflora Wahl., Sparse-flowered Sedge
Carex
teretiuscula var. major Koch = Carex diandra Schrank
C. tetanica Schkuhr ex Willd., Rigid Sedge
Carex tetanica
var. woodii (Dewey) Wood = Carex woodii Dewey
C. tonsa (Fern.) Bickn., Umbelliform Sedge
var. rugosperma
(Mackenzie) Crins
= C. rugosa Mackenzie
= C. umbellata Schkuhr ex Willd. in
part.
C. torta Boott ex Tuckerm., Twisted Sedge
C. tribuloides Wahl., Blunt Broom-sedge
var. tribuloides
Carex triceps
(of authors) = Carex hirsutella Mackz.
C. trichocarpa Schkuhr ex Willd. (not Muhl.), Hairy-fruited Sedge
= C. trichocarpa var. turbinata Dewey
Carex trisperma
Dewey var. billingsii Knight = Carex billingsii (Knight) C. D. Kirschb.
C. trisperma Dewey, Three-seeded Sedge
C.
tuckermanii Dewey, Tuckerman
Sedge
= C. tuckermanii var. niagarensis C.P. Smith
Carex umbellata Schkuhr ex Willd. in part
= Carex tonsa (Fern.) Bickn. var. rugosperma (Mackenzie) Crins
C. utriculata Boott, Beaked
Sedge
= C.
rostrata Stokes ex With.
var. utriculata
(Boott) Bailey
C.
vaginata Tausch,
Sheathed Sedge
Carex varia of old NY reports, not Muhl.
ex Willd. = Carex albicans Willd. ex Spreng. var. albicans
C.
vesicaria L., Bladdery
Sedge
C.
virescens Muhl. ex
Willd., Ribbed Sedge
C.
viridula Michx., Little
Green Sedge
ssp. viridula
= C. chlorophila Mackenzie
= C. irregularis Schwein.
= C. oederi var. pumila (Cos. & Germ.) Fern.
C.
vulpinoidea Michx.,
Foxtail Sedge, Fox-sedge
= C. setacea Dewey
C.
willdenovii Schkuhr ex
Willd., Willdenow's Sedge
C.
woodii Dewey, Wood's
Sedge
= C. tetanica var. woodii (Dewey) Wood
CARPINUS L. (Betulaceae)
Carpinus
C. caroliniana Walt., American Hornbeam, Blue Beech,
Ironwood, Musclewood
ssp.. virginiana (Marsh.) Furlow
= C.
= C. betulus virginiana Marsh.
= C. caroliniana var. virginiana (Marsh.) Fern.
Carpinus virginiana Mill. = Ostrya
virginiana (Mill.) K. Koch
CARUM L. (Apiaceae)
*C. carvi L., Caraway, Anise
CARYA Nutt. (Juglandaceae)
C. alba (L.) Nutt. ex Ell., Mockernut Hickory, White-Heart
=
= Hicoria tomentosa (Lam. ex
= Juglans alba L.
= J. tomentosa
Carya alba Nutt. = Carya ovata (Mill.) K. Koch, q.v.
Carya amara (Michx. f.) Nutt. = Carya
cordiformis (Wang.) K. Koch
C. cordiformis (Wang.) K. Koch, Bitternut
= C. amara (Michx. f.) Nutt.
= Hicoria cordiformis (Wang.) Britt.
ex Britt. & Schafer
= C. × laneyi of NY report, not Sarg.
C.
glabra (Mill.) Sweet,
Pignut
= C. glabra var. megacarpa (Sarg.) Sarg.
= C. porcina (Michx. f.) Nutt.
= Hicoria glabra (Mill.) Britt.
C. laciniosa (Michx.f.) G. Don, Big Shell-bark, Kingnut
= C. sulcata Nutt. (sec. House 1924)
Carya × laneyi
of NY report, not Sarg. = Carya cordiformis (Wang.) Koch
Carya microcarpa
Nutt. = Carya ovalis (Wang.) Sarg. according to Fernald: Gray's Manual 1950 p. 530
C. ovalis (Wang.) Sarg., Small-fruited
= Carya microcarpa Nutt. according to
Fernald: Gray's Manual 1950 p. 530
= Hicoria ovalis (Wang.) Ashe
C. ovata (Mill.) K. Koch, Shag-bark
= Carya alba Nutt. (sec. House 1924)
= Hicoria alba of some American authors, not (L.) Nutt. ex Ell.
= H. ovata (Mill.) Britt.
= H. ovata (Mill.) Britt. var. fraxinifolia (Sarg.) Ashe
= H. ovata (Mill.) Britt. var. nuttallii (Sarg.) Ashe
Carya porcina (Michx. f.) Nutt. = Carya
glabra (Mill.) Sweet
Carya sulcata Nutt. = Carya laciniosa
(Michx.f.) G. Don
Carya tomentosa (Poir.
ex Lam.) Nutt. = Carya alba (L.) Nutt. ex Ell.
Cassandra
calyculata (L.) D. Don = Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench
Cassia
chamaecrista L. = Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx.) Greene
Cassia diffusa
of NY reports, not DC. = Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx.) Greene
Cassia
fasciculata Michx. = Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx.) Greene
Cassia hebecarpa
Fern. = Senna hebecarpa (Fern.) Irwin & Barneby
Cassia
marylandica of NY reports, not L. = Senna hebecarpa (Fern.) Irwin & Barneby
Castalia odorata
(Dryand ex Ait.) Woodr. & Wood. = Nymphaea odorata Dryand. ex Ait. ssp.
odorata
Castalia
lekophylla Small = Nymphaea odorata Dryand. ex Ait. ssp. odorata
Castalia
tuberosa (Paine) Greene = Nymphaea odorata Dryand. ex Ait. ssp. tuberosa
(Paine) Wiersma & Hellquist
CASTANEA Hill (Fagaceae)
Castanea
C.
dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.,
American Chestnut
= C.
= C. vesca var.
Castanea vesca
var.
CASTILLEJA Mutis ex L.f. (Orobanchaceae)
C. coccinea (L.) Spreng., Painted Cup,
Indian-paintbrush, Scarlet Paintbrush
CATALPA
Scop. (Bignoniaceae)
C. speciosa (Warder ex Barney) Engelm.: Catalpa,
Indian-bean, Catawba, Cigar-tree
CAULOPHYLLUM Michx. (Berberidaceae)
C. thalictroides
(L.) Michx., Blue Cohosh, Papoose-root
CEANOTHUS L. (Rhamnaceae)
C. americanus L., New Jersey Tea, Redroot
CELASTRUS L. (Celastraceae)
C. orbiculata Thunb., Oriental Bittersweet
= C. orbiculatus of authors
C. scandens
L., Climbing Bittersweet, Wax-work, Staffvine, Climbing or False Bittersweet
CELTIS
L. (Ulmaceae)
C. occidentalis L., Hackberry
= C. canina Raf.
= C. crassifolia Lam.
= C. occidentalis var. canina (Raf.) Sarg.
= C. occidentalis var. pumila (Pursh) Gray
= C. pumila Pursh
= C. tenuifolia of authors, not Nutt.
CENCHRUS L. (Poaceae)
C.
longispinus (Hack.)
Fern., Sandbur
= C. pauciflorus Benth.
CENTAUREA L. (Asteraceae)
[Centaurea
benedicta (L.) L. = Cnicus benedictus L., Blessed Thistle] Specimens examined
from western
Centaurea biebersteinii DC. = Centaurea
stoebe L. ssp. micranthos (S. G. Gmelin ex Gugler) Hayek
*C.
cyanus L., Bachelor's
Button, Bluebottle, Corn-flower Bluet
Centaurea dubia of local authors, not
Suter = Centaurea nigrescens Willd.
Centaurea dubia ssp. vochinensis (Bernh.
ex Reichenb.) Hayek = Centaurea nigrescens Willd.
*C.
jacea L., Brown Knapweed
Centaurea
maculosa of authors not Lam. = Centaurea stoebe L. ssp. micranthos (S. G.
Gmelin ex Gugler) Hayek
*C.× moncktonii C.
= Centaurea pratensis J. L. Thuillier
*C.
nigra L., Black
Knapweed, Spanish-buttons, Hardheads
= C. nigra var. radiata DC.
= C. jacea var. nigra (L.) Briq.
Centaurea nigra var. radiata DC. =
Centaurea nigra L.
*C.
nigrescens Willd.,
Knapweed
= C. dubia Suter [Voss 1996, p. 513.]
= C. dubia ssp. vochinensis (Bernh. ex Reichenb.) Hayek
= C. vochinensis Bernh. ex Reichenb.
Centaurea
pratensis J. L. Thuillier = Centaurea×
moncktonii C.
*C.
solstitialis L.,
Barnaby's Thistle, Yellow Star-thistle, Barnaby's Thistle
*C. stoebe L. ssp. micranthos
(S. G. Gmelin ex Gugler) Hayek, Spotted Knapweed
= C. biebersteinii DC.
= C. maculosa of authors, not Lam.
Centaurea vochinensis Bernh. ex Reichenb.
= Centaurea nigrescens Willd.
CENTAURIUM Hill (Gentianaceae)
*C.
erythraea Rafn. (not
Raf.), European Centaury
= C. centaurium (L.) Wight
= C. umbellatum Gilib.
= Erythraea centaurium Pers.
CEPHALANTHUS L. (Rubiaceae)
C. occidentalis
L., Buttonbush
CERASTIUM L. (Caryophyllaceae)
Cerastium
aquaticum L. = Myosoton aquaticum (L.) Moench
Cerastium
apetalum Dumort. = Cerastium glomeratum Thuill.
*C.
arvense L.,
Field-chickweed, Meadow-chickweed
= C. arvense ssp. strictum (L.) Ugbor.
= C. arvense var. oblongifolium (Torr.) Hollick & Britt.
= C. arvense var. villosum (Muhl.) Hollick & Britt.
= C. campestre Greene
= C. oblongifolium Torr.
= C. occidentale Greene
= C. pennsylvanicum Hornem. ex DC.
= C. pubescens Goldie
= C. tenuifolium Pursh
= C. velutinum Raf.
= C. villosum Muhl. ex Darl.
Cerastium campestre Greene = Cerastium
arvense L.
Cerastium caespitosum Gilib. = Cerastium
fontanum Baumg. emend. Jalas
*C.
fontanum Baumg. emend.
Jalas, Common Mouse-ear Chickweed
ssp. vulgare (Hartm.) Greuter & Burdet
= C. caespitosum Gilib.
= C. fontanum ssp. triviale of NY authors, not (Link) Jalas
= C. holostoides Fries
= C. glomeratum of some NY reports not Thuill.
= C. vulgatum of NY authors, not L.
*C.
glomeratum Thuill.,
Mouse-ear Chickweed
= C. apetalum Dumort.
= C. glomeratum var. apetalum (Dumort.) Fenzl.
= C. viscosum of authors, not L.
Cerastium glomeratum of some NY reports
not Thuill. = Cerastium fontanum Baumg. emend. Jalas
Cerastium glutinosum Nutt. = Cerastium
nutans Raf.
Cerastium holostoides Fries = Cerastium
fontanum Baumg. emend. Jalas
Cerastium longipedunculatum Muhl., a
nomen nudum = Cerastium nutans Raf.
C. nutans Raf., Nodding Chickweed
var. nutans
= C. glutinosum Nutt.
= C. longipedunculatum Muhl., a nomen
nudum
= C. tenellum Fenzl
Cerastium
oblongifolium Torr. = Cerastium arvense L.
Cerastium occidentale
Greene = Cerastium arvense L.
Cerastium
pennsylvanicum Hornem. ex DC. = Cerastium arvense L.
Cerastium
pubescens Goldie = Cerastium arvense L.
*C.
semidecandrum L., Small
Mouse-ear Chickweed, Spring Mouse-ear
= C. vulgatum var. semidecandrum (L.) Gray
Cerastium tenellum Fenzl = Cerastium
nutans Raf.
Cerastium tenuifolium Pursh = Cerastium
arvense L.
Cerastium velutinum Raf. = Cerastium
arvense L.
Cerastium villosum Muhl. ex Darl. =
Cerastium arvense L.
Cerastium viscosum of authors, not L. =
Cerastium glomeratum Thuill.
Cerastium vulgatum of NY authors, not L.
= Cerastium fontanum Baumg. emend. Jalas
Cerastium vulgatum var. semidecandrum
(L.) Gray = Cerastium semidecandrum L.
Cerasus pennsylvanica (L.f.) Loisel. =
Prunus pensylvanica L.f.
Cerasus vulgaris Mill. = Prunus cerasus
L.
CERATOPHYLLUM L. (Ceratophyllaceae)
C. demersum L., Hornwort, Coontail
C. echinatum Gray, Spiny Hornwort, Coontail, Hornwort
= C. muricatum of some authors, not
Cham.
Ceratophyllum muricatum
of some authors, not Cham. = Ceratophyllum echinatum Gray
Cercis
canadensis L., Redbud (excluded by Zander & Pierce 1979).
CHAENOMELES Lindl. (Rosaceae)
*C.
japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. ex
Chaenomeles
lagenaria (Loisel.) Koidzumi = Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai
*C.
speciosa (Sweet) Nakai,
Japanese Quince
= Cydonia japonica of some authors, not (Thunb.) Pers.
= Cydonia lagenaria (Loisel.) Koidzumi
= Chaenomeles lagenaria (Loisel.) Koidzumi
CHAENORRHINUM (DC.) Reichenb. (Plantaginaceae)
*C.
minus (L.) Lange, Dwarf
Snapdragon
= Linaria minor (L.) Desf.
CHAEROPHYLLUM L. (Apiaceae)
C. procumbens (L.) Crantz., Spreading Chervil
Chaerophyllum
sylvestre L. = Anthriscus sylvestris (L.) Hoffm.
CHAMAECRISTA (L.) Moench (Fabaceae)
C.
fasciculata (Michx.)
Greene, Partridge-pea, Locust-weed
= Cassia chamaecrista L.
= C. fasciculata Michx.
= C. diffusa of NY reports, not DC.
= Chamaecrista fascicularis Greene
CHAMAEDAPHNE Moench (Ericaceae)
C. calyculata (L.) Moench, Leather-leaf, Cassandra
= Andromeda calyculata L.
= Cassandra calyculata (L.) D. Don
= Chamaedaphne calyculata var. angustifolia (Ait.) Rehd.
CHAMAELIRIUM Willd. (Melanthiaceae)
C. luteum (L.) Gray, Blazing-star, Fairy-wand,
Devil's-bit
Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop. ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Moldenke
= Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Scop. ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Kartesz
Chamaesyce
humistrata of NY reports, not (Engelm.) Small = Euphorbia maculata L.,
Chamaesyce
maculata (L.) Small = Euphorbia maculata L.
Chamaesyce nutans
(Lag.) Small = Euphorbia nutans Lag.
Chamaesyce polygonifolia
(L.) Small = Euphorbia polygonifolia L.
Chamaesyce vermiculata
(Raf.) House = Euphorbia vermiculata Raf.
Chamemelum arvense (L.) Schreb. =
Anthemis arvensis L.
CHAMERION Raf. ex Holub (Onagraceae)
C. angustifolium (L.) Scop. ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Kartesz, Fireweed, Willow-herb, Wickup
= Epilobium angustifolium L.
= Chamaenerion angustifolium (L.) Scop. ssp. circumvagum (Mosquin) Moldenke
= Epilobium spicatum Lam.
Chamomilla chamomilla (L.) Rydb. = Matricaria chamomilla L.
Chamomilla inodora (L.) Rydb. = Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Schultz Bip.
Chamomilla maritima of NY reports, not (L.) Rydb. = Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Schultz Bip.
Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rausch. = Matricaria chamomilla L.
Chamomila suaveolens (Pursh) Rydb. =
Matricaria discoidea DC.
Cheirinia cheiranthoides (L.) Link =
Erysimum cheiranthoides L.
Cheirinia repanda (L.) Link = Erysimum rapandum L.
Chamemelum
tinctorium (L.) Schreb. = Cota tinctoria (L.) Schreb.
CHELIDONIUM L. (Papaveraceae)
*C. majus L., Celandine, Greater Celandine
CHELONE L. (Plantaginaceae)
C. glabra L., Turtlehead
= C. glabra var. dilatata Fern. & Wieg.
= C. glabra var. elatior Raf.
CHENOPODIUM L. (Chenopodiaceae)
*C. album L., Lamb's Quarters, Goose-foot, Pigweed
= C. album var. lanceolatum (Muhl.) Coss. & Germ.
= C. album var.
= C. lanceolatum Muhl.
= C. viride L. in part
= C. missouriense Aellen
= C. paganum of authors, not Reich.
Chenopodium ambrosioides L. = *Dysphania
ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants
Chenopodium ambrosioides var.
anthelminticum (L.) A.Gray = Dysphania anthelmintica (L.) Mosyakin &
Clemants
Chenopodium ambrosioides var. chilense
(Schrad.) Speg. = *Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants
Chenopodium anthelminicum L. = Dysphania
anthelmintica (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants
*C. bonus-henricus L., Good-King-Henry
= Blitum bonus-henricus Reichenb.
Chenopodium botrys L. = *Dysphania botrys (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants
C. capitatum (L.) Aschers., Strawberry Blite, Indian
Paint
var. capitatum
= Blitum capitatum L.
Chenopodium chenopodioides (L.) Aellen =
Chenopodium rubrum L.
Chenopodium dessicatum of authors, not A.
Nels. = Chenopodium pratericola Rydb.
Chenopodium dessicatum var.
leptophylloides (Murr) Wahl. = Chenopodium pratericola Rydb.
Chenopodium foggii Wahl. = Chenopodium
pratericola Rydb.
Chenopodium gigantospermum Aellen =
Chenopodium simplex (Torr.) Raf.
*C. glaucum L., Oak-leaved Goosefoot
var. glaucum
= C. glaucum ssp. salinum (Standl.)
Aellen
= C. salinum Standl.
Chenopodium
humile Hook. = Chenopodium rubrum L.
Chenopodium hybridum
of some authors, not L. = Chenopodium simplex (Torr.) Raf.
Chenopodium
hybridum var. gigantospermum (Aellen) Rouleau = Chenopodium simplex (Torr.)
Raf.
Chenopodium
hybridum var. simplex Torr. = Chenopodium simplex (Torr.) Raf.
Chenopodium
leptophyllum Nutt. ex Moq. in DC., not Wats. = Chenopodium pratericola Rydb.
*C. murale L., Sowbane, Nettle-leaf Goosefoot
*C. polyspermum L., Many-seeded Goosefoot
var. polyspermum
*C. pratericola Rydb., Narrow-leaved Goosefoot
= C. dessicatum of authors, not A.
Nels.
= C. dessicatum var. leptophylloides
(Murr) Wahl.
= C. foggii Wahl.
= C. leptophyllum Nutt. ex Moq. in DC.
= C. pratericola var. leptophylloides
(Murr) Aellen & Just
*C. rubrum L., Red Pigweed, Red Goosefoot, Coat-blite
= Blitum maritimum Nutt.
= Chenopodium chenopodioides (L.)
Aellen
= C. humile Hook.
= C. rubrum var. humile (Hook.) S.
Wats.
Chenopodium
salinum Standl. = Chenopodium glaucum L.
C. simplex (Torr.) Raf., Maple-leaved Goosefoot
= C. gigantospermum Aellen
= C. hybridum of some authors, not L.
= C. hybridum var. gigantospermum
(Aellen) Rouleau
= C. hybridum var. simplex Torr.
C. strictum Roth, Goosefoot
= C. album L. var. striatum (Krasan)
Kartesz
= C. strictum ssp. glaucophyllum
(Aellen) Aellen & Just.
= C. strictum var. glaucophyllum
(Aellen) Wahl
*C. urbicum L., City-goosefoot
CHIMAPHILA Pursh (Ericaceae)
C. maculata (L.) Pursh, Spotted Wintergreen
C. umbellata (L.) Bart.,
Wintergreen, Prince's Pine, Pipsissewa
ssp.. cisatlantica (Blake) Hultén
= C. umbellata var. cisatlantica Blake
Chiogenes
hispidula (L.) Torr. & A. Gray = Gaultheria hispidula (L.) Muhl. ex Bigel.
Chrysanthemum
balsamita (L.) Baill. = Tanacetum balsamita L.
Chrysanthemum
balsamita var. tanacetoides Boiss = Tanacetum balsamita L.
Chrysanthemum
leucanthemum L. = Leucanthemum vulgare Lam.
Chrysanthemum
leucanthemum var. pinnatifidum Lecoq.& Lamotte = Leucanthemum vulgare Lam.
Chrysanthemum
parthenium (L.) Bernh. = Tanacetum vulgare L.
CHIONANTHUS (Oleaceae)
*C.
virginicus L. Old-man's
Beard, Fringe tree
CHRYSOSPLENIUM L. (Saxifragaceae)
C. americanum Schwein. ex Hook., Golden Saxifrage,
Water-mat, Water-carpet
= C. oppositifolium Walt.
Chrysosplenium
oppositifolium Walt. = Chrysosplenium americanum Schwein. ex Hook.
CICHORIUM L. (Asteraceae)
*C.
intybus L., Chicory, Blue
Sailors, Tattered Sailors, Cornflower, Succory, Witloof
CICUTA
L. (Apiaceae)
C. bulbifera
L., Bulb-bearing Water-hemlock
C. maculata
L., Water-hemlock, Spotted Cowbane, Musquash-root, Beaver-poison, Poison
Hemlock
var. maculata
CIMICIFUGA L. (Ranunculaceae)
C.
racemosa (L.) Nutt.,
Black Snakeroot, Black Cohosh
= C.
CINNA
L. (Poaceae)
C. arundinacea L., Woodreed, Stout Woodreed, Wood
Reedgrass
C. latifolia (Trev. ex Goepp.) Griseb., Drooping
Woodreed
CIRCAEA
L. (Onagraceae)
C. alpina L., Smaller Enchanter's-Nightshade
Circaea alpina × lutetiana = C.× intermedia
Ehrh., Enchanter's
Nightshade
= C. canadensis Hill, not L.
= C. intermedia of Gray's Manual, ed.
7, according to Zenkert, 1934.
Circaea
canadensis Hill, not L. = Circaea alpina × lutetiana = C.× intermedia Ehrh.
Circaea
canadensis L. = Circaea lutetiana L. ssp. canadensis (L.) Aschers. & Magnus
Circaea
intermedia of Gray's Manual, ed. 7, according to Zenkert, 1934 = Circaea alpina × lutetiana = C.× intermedia
Ehrh.
Circaea
latifolia Hill = Circaea lutetiana L. ssp. canadensis (L.) Aschers. &
Magnus
C. lutetiana L., Canadian Enchanter's-nightshade
ssp..
canadensis (L.) Aschers.
& Magnus
= C. canadensis L.
= C. quadrisulcata (Maxim.) Franch. & Sav.
= C. quadrisulcata var. canadensis (L.) Hara
= C. latifolia of authors, not Hill
Circaea quadrisulcata (Maxim.) Franch.
& Sav. = Circaea lutetiana L. ssp. canadensis (L.) Aschers. & Magnus
Circaea quadrisulcata var. canadensis
(L.) Hara = Circaea lutetiana L. ssp. canadensis (L.) Aschers. & Magnus
CIRSIUM Mill. (Asteraceae)
C. altissimum (L.) Spreng., Tall Thistle
*C.
arvense (L.)
= C. arvense var. integrifolium Wimm. & Graebn.
= C. arvense var. vestitum Wimm. & Graebn.
C. discolor (Muhl. ex Willd.) Spreng., Field-thistle
Cirsium
lanceolatum of NY reports, not (L.) Hill = Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore
C. muticum Michx., Swamp-thistle
= C. muticum var. subpinnatifidum
(Britt.) Fern.
Cirsium odoratum
(Muhl. ex Bart.) Petrak, not Britt. ex Britt. & Brown = Cirsium pumilum
(Nutt.) Spreng.
C. pumilum (Nutt.) Spreng., Pasture-thistle, Small Bull-Thistle
var. pumilum
= C. odoratum (Muhl. ex Bart.) Petrak,
not Britt. ex Britt. & Brown
*C.
vulgare (Savi) Tenore,
Bull-thistle
= C. lanceolatum of NY reports, not (L.) Hill Cistus canadensis L.
CITRULLUS Schrad. ex Eckl. & Zeyh.
{Cucurbitaceae)
C.
colocynthis (L.) Shrad.
ex Eckl. & Zeyh. Watermelon
= Anguria citrullus (L.) Mill
= C. vulgaris Schrad.
CLADIUM R. Br. (Cyperaceae)
C. mariscoides (Muhl.) Torr., Twig-rush, Bog-rush
= Mariscus mariscoides (Muhl.) Kuntze
CLAYTONIA L. (Portulacaceae)
C. caroliniana Michx., Broad-leaved Spring Beauty
= C. latifolia Sheldon
Claytonia latifolia Sheldon = Claytonia
caroliniana Michx.
Claytonia multicaulis var. robusta Somes
= Claytonia virginica L.
Claytonia robusta Rydb. = Claytonia
virginica L.
Claytonia simsii Sweet = Claytonia
virginica L.
C. virginica L., Narrow-leaved Spring Beauty,
Mayflower
var. virginica
= C. media (DC.) Link
= C. multicaulis var. robusta Somes
= C. robusta Rydb.
= C. simsii Sweet
= C. virginica var. acutiflora DC.
= C. virginica var. simsii (Sweet) R. Davis
CLEMATIS L. (Ranunculaceae)
Clematis canadensis Mill. = Clematis
virginiana L.
Clematis dioscoreifolia Levl. & Van.
= Clematis terniflora DC.
Clematis fragrans Salisb. = Clematis
virginiana L.
Clematis maximowicziana Franch. &
Sav. = Clematis terniflora DC.
C.
occidentalis (Hornem.)
DC., Purple Clematis, Purple Virgin's Bower, Mountain-clematis
var. occidentalis
= Atragene
= Clematis verticillaris DC.
Clematis paniculata Thunb. = Clematis
terniflora DC.
*C.
terniflora DC., Yam-leaf
Clematis, Yam-leaf Virgin's-bower
= C. dioscoreifolia Levl. & Van.
= C. maximowicziana Franch. & Sav.
= C. paniculata Thunb.
Clematis verticillaris DC. = Clematis
occidentalis (Hornem.) DC.
C.
virginiana L., Virgin's
Bower, Traveller's Joy
= C. canadensis Mill.
= C. fragrans Salisb.
Clepeola maritima L. = Lobularia maritima
CLINOPODIUM L. (Lamiaceae)
*Clinopodium
acinos (L.) Kuntze, Mother
of Thyme, Basil-Thyme
= Acinos arvensis (Lam.) Dandy; Satureja acinos (L.) Scheele
Clinopodium arkansanum (Nutt.) House =
Calamintha arkansana (Nutt.) Shinners
*C. vulgare L. Wild Basil, , Field-basil,
Basil-weed, Dog-mint
= Satureja vulgaris (L.) Fritsch
= S. vulgaris var. neogaea Fern.
= Calamintha clinopodium Benth.
CLINTONIA Raf. (Liliaceae)
C. borealis
(Ait.) Raf. Yellow Clintonia, Woodlily, Bluebeads, Cornlily
Clintonia
multiflora Beck according to Gray's Manual ed 1867 p. 529 = Clintonia
umbellulata (Michx.) Morong
C. umbellulata (Michx.) Morong, White Clintonia,
Speckled or White Woodlily
= C. multiflora Beck according to
Gray's Manual ed 1867 p. 529
= C. umbellata Torr. of Gray's Manual
ed 1867 p. 529
= Convallaria umbellulata Michx.
according to Gray's Manual ed 1867 p. 529
Clypeola
allyssoides L. = Alyssum alyssoides (L.) L.
COELOGLOSSUM Hartm. (Orchidaceae)
Coeloglossum
bracteatum (Muhl. ex Willd.) Hartm. = Coeloglossum viride (L.) Hartm.
C. viride (L.) Hartm., Long-bracted Orchid
= C. bracteatum (Muhl. ex Willd.)
Hartm.
= C. viride var. virescens (Muhl. ex
Willd.) Luer
= Habenaria bracteata (Willd.) R.
= H. viridis (L.) R.
= H. viridis var. bracteata (Muhl. ex
Willd.) A. Gray
= Platanthera bracteata of George Clinton's collecting journal
C. longifolia (Torr.) Soreng., Redtop Panic-grass
ssp. rigidula (Bosc ex Nees) Soreng
= Panicum agrostoides Spreng.
= P. condensum Nash in Small
= P. elongatum Pursh var. ramosius C. Mohr.
= P. rigidulum Bosc ex Nees var. condensum (Nash) Mohlenbrock
= P. rigidulum Bosc ex Nees var. rigidulum
Coleogeton
filiformis (Pers.) D. H. Les
& R. Haynes ssp. alpinus (Blytt) D. H. Les & R. Haynes =
Stuckenia filiformis (Pers.) Börner ssp. alpinus (Blytt) Haynes, Les & Kral
Coleogeton filiformis (Pers.) D. Les
& R. Haynes ssp. occidentalis (Robbins) D. H. Les & R. Haynes =
Stuckenia filiformis (Pers.) Börner ssp. occidentalis (Robbins) Kaynes, Les
& Kral
Coleogeton pectinatus
(L.) D. Les & R. Haynes = Stuckenia pectinata (L.) Börner
COLLINSIA Nutt. (Plantaginaceae)
C. verna Nutt., Blue-eyed Mary, Innocence
COLLINSONIA L. (Lamiaceae)
C. canadensis L., Horse-balm, Richweed, Stoneroot
COLLOMIA Nutt. (Polemoniaceae)
*C.
linearis Nutt.,
Narrow-leaved Collomia
= Gilia linearis (Nutt.) A. Gray
COMANDRA Nutt. (Santalaceae)
Comandra livida Richards (excluded by
Zander & Pierce 1979).
Comandra richardsiana Fern. = Comandra
umbellata (L.) Nutt.
C.
umbellata (L.) Nutt.,
Bastard Toad Flax
ssp. umbellata
= C. richardsiana Fern.
= C. umbellata var. decumbens E. Hill
= Thesium umbellatum L.
COMARUM L. (Rosaceae)
C. palustre L., Marsh-cinquefoil, Five-fingers, Purple Cinquefoil
= C. palustre var. villosum Pers.
= Potentilla comarum Nestler
= P. palustris (L.) Scop.
= P. palustris (L.) Scop. var. parviflora (Raf.) Fern. & Long
= P. palustris var. villosa (Pers.) Lehm.
COMMELINA L. (Commelinaceae)
*C.
communis
L., Asiatic Day-flower, Wandering Jew
var. communis
*var.
ludens (Miq.) Pennell
COMPTONIA L'Hér. (Myricaceae)
C. peregrina (L.) Coult., Sweet-fern
= Comptonia asplenifolia (L.) L'Hér.
= C. peregrina var. aspleniifolia (L.) Fern.
= Liquidambar peregrina L.
= Myrica aspleniifolia L.
= M. peregrina (L.) Kuntze
CONIOSELINUM Hoffm. (Apiaceae)
Conioselenum pumilum Rose = Conioselenum
chinense (L.) BSP.
Conioselinum canadense Torr. & A.
Gray = Conioselinum chinense (L.) BSP
C.
chinense (L.) BSP, Hemlock-parsley
= C. canadense Torr. & Gray
= C. pumilum Rose
= Selinum canadense Michx.
CONIUM L. (Apiaceae)
*C. maculatum L., Poison Hemlock
CONOPHOLIS Wallr. (Orobanchaceae)
C.
= Orobanche
CONRINGIA Heist. ex Adans. (Brassicaceae)
*C.
orientalis (L.) Dumort.,
Hare's-ear Mustard, Treacle-mustard
CONSOLIDA (DC.) S. Gray (Ranunculaceae)
*C.
ajacis (L.) Schur,
Rocket Larkspur
= C. ambigua (L.) Ball & Heyw.
= Delphinium ajacis L.
= D. ambiguum L.
= D. consolida of Torrey's NY Flora, not L.
Consolida ambigua (L.) Ball & Heyw. =
Consolida ajacis (L.) Schur
*C.
regalis S. Gray, Forking
Larkspur, Royal Larkspur
= Delphinium consolida L.
CONVALLARIA L. (Asparagaceae)
*C. majalis L., Lily-of-the-Valley
Convallaria
umbellulata Michx. according to Gray's Manual ed 1867 p. 529 = Clintonia umbellulata (Michx.) Morong
CONVOLVULUS L. (Convolvulaceae)
*C.
arvensis L., Field-bindweed
= Strophocaulos arvensis (L.) Small
Convolvulus japonicus Thunb. = Calystegia
hederacea Wallich
Convolvulus nashii House = Calystegia
sepium (L.) R. Br. ssp. sepium
Convolvulus pellitus Ledeb. = Calystegia
hederacea Wallich
Convolvulus sepium L. = Calystegia sepium
ssp. sepium (L.) R.
Convolvulus spithameus L. = Calystegia
spithamea (L.) Pursh
Convolvulus wallichianus Spreng. =
Calystegia hederacea Wallich
CONYZA Less. (Asteraceae)
Conyza asteroides L. = Sericocarpus
asteroides (L.) BSP.
C.
canadensis
(L.) Cronq.,
Horseweed,
Hogweed, Butterweed
var. canadensis
= Erigeron canadensis L.
= Leptilon canadense (L.) Britt. ex Britt. & Brown
COPTIS Salisb. (Ranunculaceae)
Coptis groenlandica (Oeder) Fern. =
Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb.
C. trifolia (L.) Salisb., Goldthread
= Anemone groenlandica Oed.
= Coptis groenlandica (Oeder) Fern.
= C. trifolia ssp. groenlandica (Oeder) Hultén
= C. trifolia var. groenlandica (Oeder) Fassett
= Heleborus trifolius L.
Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb. var.
groenlandica (Oeder) Fassett = Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb.
CORALLORHIZA Gagn. (Orchidaceae)
Corallorhiza corallorhiza (L.) Karst. =
Corallorhiza trifida Chat.
Corallorhiza innata R. Br. in Ait. = Corallorhiza
trifida Chat. (not (L.) Chat.)
Corallorhiza macraei A. Gray =
Corallorhiza striata Lindl. (excluded by Zander & Pierce 1979).)
C.
maculata (Raf.) Raf.,
Spotted Coral-root
var. maculata
= C. multiflora Nutt.
Corallorhiza multiflora Nutt. =
Corllorhiza maculata (Raf.) Raf.
C.
odontorhiza (Willd.)
Nutt., Autumn Coral-root
var. odontorhiza
[Corallorhiza striata Lindl.: excluded
for the flora by Zander and Pierce (1979): probable, documented by a specimen
over 20 years old for Orleans Co. (Young 1998).]
C.
trifida Chat., Early
Coral-root
= C. corallorhiza (L.) Karst.
= C. trifida var. verna (Nutt.) Fern.
= C. innata R. Br. in Ait.
Corallorrhiza (orth. var.) = Corallorhiza
Chat.
COREOPSIS L. (Asteraceae)
Coreopsis alternifolius L. = Verbesina
alternifolia (L.) Britt.
Coreopsis heterogyna Fern. = Coreopsis
lanceolata L.
*C.
lanceolata L.,
Lance-leaved Tickseed
= C. heterogyna Fern.
= C. lanceolata var. villosa Michx.
*C.
tinctoria Nutt., Garden
Tickseed
var. tinctoria
Coreopsis trichosperm Michx. = Bidens
trichosperma(Michx.) Britt.
CORIANDRUM L. (Apiaceae)
*C.
sativum L., Coriander
CORISPERMUM L. (Chenopodiaceae)
*C. americanum (Nutt.) Nutt. Bugseed
var. americanum
= Corispermum hyssopifolium of authors, not L.
= C. hyssopifolium L.
var.
= C. orientale of authors, not Lam.
Corispermum hyssopifolium of authors in
part not L. = Corispermum
Corispermum hyssopifolium of authors in
part not L. = Corispermum villosum
Rydb.
Corispermum hyssopifolium of authors in
part not L. = Corispermum pallasii Steven
Conspermum
hyssopifolium L. var.
*C.
villosum Rydb. (
= Corispermum hyssopifolium of local
reports, in part.
*C.
nitidum Kitaibel ex
Schultes
Corispermum orientale Lamarck =
Corispermum americanum (Nutt.) Nutt. var. americanum
*C.
pallasii Steven
= Corispermum hyssopifolium of local
reports, in part.
Corispermum hyssopifolium of local
reports, in part. = Corispermum pallasii Steven
CORNUS L. (Cornaceae)
Cornus alba ssp. stolonifera (Michx.)
Wang. = Cornus sericea L.
C. alternifolia L.f., Alternate-leaved Dogwood, Green
Osier, Pagoda Dogwood
= Svida alternifolia (L.f.) Small
C.
amomum Mill., Silky
Cornel, Kinnikinnik
ssp.. amomum
ssp.. obliqua (Raf.) Wilson Narrow-Leaf Dogwood
= C. amomum var. schuetziana (Meyer) Rickett
= C. obliqua Raf.
= C. purpusi Koehne
Cornus asperifolia (of authors) = Cornus
drummondii Meyer
Cornus baileyi Coult. & Evans =
Cornus drummondii C.A. Meyer
C. canadensis L., Bunchberry, Dwarf Cornel, Dwarf
Dogwood, Crackerberry, Pudding-berry
= C. canadensis var. alpestris House
Cornus candidissima Marsh. = Cornus
racemosa Lam.
Cornus circinata L'Hér. = Cornus rugosa
Lam.
C.
drummondii C.A. Meyer,
Drummond's Dogwood, Rough-Leaf Dogwood
= C. asperifolia of NY reports, not Michx.
= C. baileyi Coult. & Evans
= C. priceae Small
Cornus femina of authors = Cornus racemosa
Lam.
C.
Cornus foemina Mill. ssp. racemosa (Lam.) J. Wilson = Cornus racemosa Lam.
C. racemosa Lam., Gray Dogwood, Panicled Dogwood
= C. candidissima Marsh.
= C. foemina Mill. ssp. racemosa (Lam.) J. Wilson
= C. femina of authors
= C. paniculata L'Hér.
Cornus obliqua Raf. = Cornus amomum ssp.
obliqua (Raf.)
Cornus paniculata L'Hér. = Cornus
racemosa Lam.
Cornus priceae Small = Cornus drummondii Meyer
Cornus purpusii Koehne = Cornus amomum
ssp. obliqua (Raf.)
C. rugosa Lam., Round-leaved Dogwood
= C. circinata L'Hér.
C.
sericea L., Red-osier
Dogwood
ssp. sericea
= C. alba ssp. stolonifera (Michx.)
Wang
= C. sericea var. interior (Rydb.)
= C. stolonifera Michx.
= C. stolonifera var. baileyi (Coult.
& Evans) Drescher
Cornus
stolonifera Michx. = Cornus sericea L. ssp. sericea
Cornus
stolonifera var. baileyi (Coult. & Evans) Drescher = Cornus sericea L. ssp.
sericea
CORONILLA L. (Fabaceae)
*C. varia L., Crown Vetch
CORONOPUS Zinn (Brassicaceae)
*C.
didymus (L.) Sm.,
Wart-cress, Wart-grass, Lesser Swinecress
= Carara didyma(L.) Britt.
CORYDALIS Vent. (Papaveraceae)
C. flavula (Raf. ex Desv.) DC., Yellow Corydalis, Yellow Harlequin
= Capnoides flavula (Raf. ex Desv.)
Kuntze
Corydalis glauca Pursh = Capnoides
sempervirens (L.) Borck. ex Roemer
Corydalis
sempervirens (L.) Pers. =
Capnoides sempervirens (L.) Borck. ex Roemer
Corylaceae = Betulaceae
CORYLUS L. (Betulaceae)
C.
*C.
avellana L., European
Filbert, European Hazel
C.
cornuta Marsh., Beaked
Hazelnut
ssp. cornuta
= C. rostrata Ait.
Corylus rostrata Ait. = Corylus cornuta
Marsh. ssp. cornuta
COSMOS Cav. (Asteraceae)
*C.
bipinnatus Cav., Cosmos
COTA
J. Gay (Asteraceae)
*C.
tinctoria (L.) Gay.,
Yellow Chamomile, Dyer's Chamomile
=
Anthemis tinctoria L.
= Chamemelum tinctorium (L.) Schreb .
COTINUS
Mill. (Anacardiaceae)
*C.
coggygria Scop.,
Smoke-tree
= Rhus cotinus L.
Not recorded for the
CRATAEGUS L. (Rosaceae)
Crataegus acclivis Sarg. = Crataegus
coccinea L.
Crataegus albicans Ashe = Crataegus
coccinea L.
Crataegus arcana Beadle = Crataegus
pruinosa (Wendl. f.) K. Koch
Crataegus aulica Sarg. = Crataegus
coccinioides Ashe
Crataegus basilica Beadle = Crataegus
schuettii Ashe
Crataegus baxteri Sarg. = Crataegus
intricata Lange
C. beata Sarg., Opulent Hawthorn
= C. macrocalyx Sarg.
Crataegus beata
var. compta (Sarg.) Eggl. = Crataegus compta Sarg.
Crataegus
boyntonii Beadle = Crataegus intricata Lange
Crataegus
brachyloba Sarg. = Crataegus brainerdii Sarg.
C. brainerdii Sarg., Brainerd's Thorn
= C. brachyloba Sarg.
Crataegus brainerdii
var. asperifolia (Sarg.) Eggl. = Crataegus scabrida Rehd.
Crataegus
brainerdii var. egglestonii (Sarg.) Robins. = Crataegus scabrida Rehd.
Crataegus
brainerdii var. scabrida (Sarg.) Eggl. = Crataegus scabrida Rehd.
Crataegus bushii
auct. non Sarg. = Crataegus crus-galli L.
C.
calpodendron (Ehrh.)
Medik., Pear Thorn
= C. calpodendron × punctata Eggl. according to Zenkert, following
Sargent 1913 as a synonym of C. celsa Sarg.
= C. celsa Sarg.
= C. tomentosa Sarg. in part
Crataegus celsa Sarg. = Crataegus
calpodendron (Ehrh.) Medik.
C.
chrysocarpa Ashe,
Round-leaved Hawthorn
= C. chrysocarpa var. faxonii (Sarg.) Eggl.
= C. dodgei Sarg.
= C. rotundifolia (Ehrh.) Moench in part
Crataegus chrysocarpa var. faxonii
(Sarg.) Eggl. = Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe
Crataegus clintoniana Sarg. = Crataegus
suborbiculata Sarg.
C.
coccinea L., Scarlet
Thorn, Red Haw, Red Hawthorn; see Crataegus pedicellata Sarg.
= C. coccinea L. var. ellwangeriana (Sarg.) Eggl. (of Zenkert 1934)
= C. letchworthiana Sarg.
= C. pedicellata var. ellwangeriana (Sarg.) Eggl.
Crataegus coccinea of American authors in
large part, not L., and of Zenkert 1934 = Crataegus coccinea L.
Crataegus coccinea var. ellwangeriana
(Sarg.) Eggl. = Crataegus coccinea L.
C.
coccinioides
= C. aulica Sarg.
= C. coccinioides var. dilatata (Sarg.) Eggl. (of Zenkert 1934).
= C. conspecta Sarg.
= C. dilatata Sarg.
= C. durobrivensis Sarg.
= C. eggertii Britt.
Crataegus coccinioides var. dilatata
(Sarg.) Eggl. = Crataegus coccinioides Ashe
Crataegus cognata Sarg. (after Zenkert
1934 p. 177) = Crataegus pruinosa (Wendl. f.) K. Koch
C.
compta Sarg., Hawthorn
= C. beata var. compta (Sarg.)
Eggl.
= C.
= C.
= C. pulchra Sarg.
= C. strigosa Sarg.
Crataegus conspecta Sarg. = Crataegus
coccinioides Ashe
[Crataegus corusca, Hawthorn (taxonomic
question, Regl. M. Niag.
C. crus-galli L. Cockspur Thorn
= C. crus-galli var. prunifolia
(Poir.) Torrey & A. Gray
= C. crus-galli var. pyracanthifolia
Ait. (of Zenkert 1934)
= C. persimilis Sarg. (see Phipps 1988
sec. Morton & Venn 1990)
= C. prunifolia (Poir.) Pers.
[C. crus-galli ×
succulenta Eggl. “This hybrid is known from
Crataegus dayana
Sarg. see Crataegus pedicellata Sarg.
Crataegus
dilatata Sarg. = Crataegus coccinioides Ashe
Crataegus
dissona Sarg. = Crataegus pruinosa (Wendl f.) K. Koch s.l.
Crataegus dodgei
Sarg. = Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe
Crataegus
durobrivensis Sarg. = Crataegus coccinioides Ashe
Crataegus
eggertii Britt. = Crataegus coccinioides Ashe
Crataegus
exclusa Sarg. = Crataegus pringlei Sarg.
Crataegus
ferentaria Sarg. = Crataegus succulenta Link
Crataegus
filipes Ashe = Crataegus jesupii Sarg. (of NYFA 1990)
Crataegus
filipes Ashe (sensu Zenkert 1934 and Sargent 1913) = Crataegus opulens Sarg.
Crataegus
finitima Sarg. = Crataegus succulenta Link
C. flabellata (Bosc) Koch [not (Spach) Kirchner], Fan-leaved Hawthorn
var. grayana
(Eggl.) Palm.
Crataegus
foetida Ashe = Crataegus intricata Lange
Crataegus
Crataegus
genialis Sarg. = Crataegus macrosperma Ashe
Crataegus
gracilis Sarg. = C. pruinosa (Wendl. f.) K. Koch s.l.
C.
holmesiana Ashe, Holmes'
Hawthorn
= C. tardipes (Sarg.) Sarg.
Crataegus
implicata Sarg. = Crataegus macrosperma× pruinosa (of Zenkert 1934)
Crataegus incisa Sarg. = Crataegus
jesupii Sarg.
C.
intricata Lange, Biltmore
Thorn
= C. baxterii Sarg.
= C. boyntonii Beadle (of Zenkert 1934)
= C. foetida Ashe
C.
jesupii Sarg., Hawthorn
= C. filipes Ashe
= C. numerosa Sarg.
= C incisa Sarg.
Crataegus leiophylla Sarg. = Crataegus
pruinosa (Wendl f.) K. Koch s.l.
Crataegus leiophylla var. maineana
(Sarg.) Eggl. = Crataegus pruinosa (Wendl f.) K. Koch s.l.
Crataegus letchworthiana Sarg. =
Crataegus coccinea L.
Crataegus
Crataegus lobulata Sarg. = Crataegus
pringlei Sarg.
Crataegus luminosa Sarg. = Crataegus
schuettii Ashe
Crataegus macrantha Lodd. = Crataegus
succulenta Link
Crataegus macrocalyx Sarg. = Crataegus
beata Sarg.
C. macrosperma Ashe, s.l., Large-fruited Hawthorn
= C. genialis Sarg.
= C. macrosperma var. acutiloba
(Sarg.) Eggl. (of Zenkert 1934).
= C. macrosperma var. pastorum (Sarg.)
Eggl.
= C. macrosperma var. roanensis (Ashe)
Palmer
= C. roanensis Ashe (of Zenkert 1934)
Crataegus
macrosperma var. roanensis (Ashe) Palmer = Crataegus macrosperma Ashe
C.
macrosperma× pruinosa
(of Zenkert 1934), Hawthorn
= C. menandiana Sarg.
= C. implicata Sarg.
Crataegus
menandiana Sarg. = Crataegus macrosperma× pruinosa (of Zenkert 1934)
Crataegus mollis
(Torr. & A. Gray) Scheele sensu Soper & Heimberger in our region =
Crataegus submollis Sarg.
*C.
monogyna Jacq., English
Hawthorn
= C. oxyacantha (of authors)
Crataegus
neofluvialis Ashe = Crataegus succulenta Link
Crataegus
notabilis Sarg. = Crataegus suborbiculata Sarg.
Crataegus
numerosa Sarg. = Crataegus jesupii Sarg.
Crataegus
oxyacantha (of authors) = Crataegus monogyna Jacq.
C. opulens Sarg., Opulent Hawthorn
= C. filipes Ashe
Crataegus
pedicellata Sarg. = Crataegus coccinea L.
[The following were given among the synonyms of C. pedicellata Sarg. by
Mitchell and Tucker (1997) and their relationship with C. coccinea L., q.v.,
needs to be determined:]
= C. acclivis Sarg.
= C. albicans Ashe (of Zenkert 1934)
= C. coccinea L. American authors in large part, not L.; of Zenkert 1934
= C. dayana Sarg.
= C. pedicellata var. albicans (Ashe) Palmer
Crataegus pedicellata var. ellwangeriana
(Sarg.) Eggl. = Crataegus coccinea L.
C. persimilis Sarg. = C. crus-galli L.
C.
pringlei Sarg.,
Pringle's Hawthorn
= C. exclusa Sarg.
= C. lobulata Sarg.
= C. pringlei var. exclusa (Sarg.) Eggl.
= C. pringlei var. lobulata (Sarg.) Eggl.
C.
pruinosa (Wendl. f.) K.
Koch s.l., Waxy-fruited Thorn
= C. arcana Beadle
= C. dissona Sarg.
= C. cognata Sarg. (of Zenkert 1934 p. 177)
= C.
= C. gracilis Sarg.
= C. leiophylla Sarg. (of Zenkert 1934)
= C. leiophylla var. maineana (Sarg.) Eggl. (of Zenkert 1934)
= C. pruinosa var. conjucta (Sarg.) Eggl.
= C. pruinosa var. dissona (Sarg.) Eggl.
= C. pruinosa var. latisepala (Ashe) Eggl.
= C. rugosa Ashe
Crataegus prunifolia (Poir.) Pers. =
Crataegus crus-galli L.
Crataegus pulchra Sarg. = Crataegus
compta Sarg.
C. punctata Jacq., Dotted Hawthorn
= C. punctata var. aurea Ait.
Crataegus
roanensis Ashe = Crataegus macrosperma Ashe
Crataegus
rotundifolia (Ehrh.) Moench in part = Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe sensu lato
Crataegus rugosa
Ashe = Crataegus pruinosa (Wendl f.) K. Koch s.l.
C. scabrida Rehd., Hawthorn
= C. brainerdii var. asperifolia
(Sarg.) Eggl. (of Zenkert 1934)
= C. brainerdii var. egglestonii
(Sarg.) Robins. (of Zenkert 1934)
= C. brainerdii var. scabrida (Sarg.)
Eggl. (of Zenkert 1934)
C.
schuettii Ashe, Hawthorn
= C. basilica Beadle (of House 1924 p. 421)
= C. luminosa Sarg.
Crataegus strigosa Sarg. = Crataegus
compta Sarg.
C. submollis Sarg., Downy Thorn
= C. mollis (Torr. & A. Gray)
Scheele sensu Soper & Heimberger 1982 for our region
C.
suborbiculata Sarg.,
Hawthorn
= C. clintoniana Sarg.
= C. notabilis Sarg.
Crataegus venustula Sarg. = Crataegus
succulenta Link
C.
succulenta Link,
Long-spined Thorn
= C. ferentaria Sarg.
= C. finitima Sarg.
= C. macrantha Lodd.
= C. neofluvialis Ashe
= C. succulenta var. macracantha (Lodd.) Eggl.
= C. succulenta var. neofluvialis (Ashe) Palm.
= C. succulenta var. rhombifolia (Sarg.) Eggl.
= C. venustula Sarg.
Crataegus succulenta var. neofluvialis
(Ashe) Palm. = Crataegus succulenta Link
Crataegus succulenta var. rhombifolia
(Sarg.) Eggl. = Crataegus succulenta Link
Crataegus tardipes (Sarg.) Sarg. =
Crataegus holmesiana Ashe
Crataegus tomentosa Sarg. in part =
Crataegus calpodendron (Ehrh.) Medik.
C. uniflora Muench., one-flowered Hawthorn, new in
Cattaraugus Co. (NYFA 2012), and new to the State.
Crataegus venustula Sarg. = Crataegus
succulenta Link
CREPIS L. (Asteraceae)
*C.
biennis L., Rough
Hawk's-beard
*C.
capillaris (L.) Wallr.,
Smooth Hawk's-beard
*C.
tectorum L.,
Hawk's-beard
CROCANTHEMUM Spach (Cistaceae)
C. canadense (L.) Britt.
= Helianthemum canadense (L.) Michx.
Cruciferae = Brassicaceae
CRYPSIS Ait. (Poaceae)
*C.
schoenoides (L.) Lam.,
Crypsis, Heleochloa, Swamp Timothy
= Heleochloa schoenoides (L.) Host
CRYPTOGRAMMA R. Br. (Pteridaceae)
C. stelleri (S. Gmel.) Prantl ex Engl., Slender
Cliff-brake
CRYPTOTAENIA DC. (Apiaceae)
C. canadensis (L.) DC., Honewort, Wild Chervil
= Deringa canadensis (L.) Kuntze
Cubelium concolor
(Forst.) Raf. = Hybanthus concolor (Forst.) Spreng.
CUCUMIS
L. (Cucurbitaceae)
*C.
sativus L., Garden
Cucumber
CUCURBITA L. (Cucurbitaceae)
*C.
pepo L., Pumpkin, Acorn
Squash, Summer Squash
= C. moschata (Dcne. ex Lam.) Dcne. ex Poir.
= Pepo moschatus (Dcne. ex Lam.) Britt.
= P. pepo (L.) Britt. ex Small
= P. vulgaris (L.) Moench
CUPHEA P. Browne (Lythraceae)
Cuphea petiolata (L.) Koehne = Cuphea
viscosissima Jacq.
C.
viscosissima Jacq.,
Clammy Cuphea, Tarweed, Blue Waxweed
= C. petiolata (L.) Koehne
= Lythrum petiolatum L.
= Parsonsia petiolata (L.) Rusby
CUSCUTA L. (Cuscutaceae)
Cuscuta campestris Uncker = Cuscuta
pentagona Engelm.
C. coryli Engelm., Hazel-dodder, Strangleweed
= C. inflexa Engelm.
*C.
epilinum Weihe,
Flax-dodder
*C.
epithymum (L.) L.,
Clover-dodder
C.
gronovii Willd. ex
Schultz, Common Dodder, Love-vine, Stangleweed, Goldthread-vine
var. gronovii
= C. gronovii var. vulgivaga Engelm.
Cuscuta inflexa Engelm. = Cuscuta coryli
Engelm.
C. pentagona Engelm., Field-dodder
= C. campestris Uncker
C. polygonorum Engelm., Polygonum-dodder
CYCLOLOMA Moq. (Chenopodiaceae)
*C.
atriplicifolium
(Spreng.) Coult., Winged Pigweed, Tumbleweed
= Salsola atriplicifolia Spreng.
Cydonia japonica of some authors, not
(Thunb.) Pers. = Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai
Cydonia lagenaria (Loisel.) Koidzumi =
Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai
CYMBALARIA Hill (Plantaginaceae)
*C.
muralis Gaertn., Mey.
& Sherb., Kenilworth Ivy, Coliseum-ivy
= Linaria cymbalaria (L.) Mill.
CYNANCHUM L. (Asclepiadaceae)
*C.
laeve (Michx.) Pers.,
Sand-vine, Honey-vine
= Ampelamus albidus (Nutt.) Britt.
= Gonolobus laevis Michx.
*C.
louiseae Kartesz &
Gandhi, Black Swallow-wort.
= C. nigrum (L.) Pers.
= Vincetoxicum nigrum (L.) Moench
Cynanchum medium of authors, not R. Br. =
Cynanchum rossicum (Kleop.) Borh.
Cynanchum nigrum (L.) Pers. = Cynanchum
louiseae Kartesz & Gandhi
Cynanchum nigrum in part = Cynanchum
rossicum (Kleop.) Borh.
*C.
rossicum (Kleop.) Borh.
Swallow-wort
= C. medium of authors, not R. Br.
= C. nigrum in part
= Vincetoxicum rossicum (Kleopov) Barb.
*C.
vincetoxicum (L.) Pers.,
White Swallow-wort
= Vincetoxicum album (Mill.) Aschers.
= V. hirundinaria Medik.
= V. vincetoxicum (L.) Pers.
CYNODON L. Rich. (Poaceae)
*C.
dactylon (L.) Pers.,
Bermuda-grass
var. dactylon
= Capriola dactylon (L.) Kuntze
CYNOGLOSSUM L. (Boraginaceae)
Cynoglossum morisonii A.DC. = Hackelia
virginiana (L.) Johnst.
*C.
officinale L.,
Hound's-tongue
C.
virginianum L., Northern
Wild Comfrey
= C. virginicum L. of Gray's Manual, ed
5, 1867, p. 366
var. boreale (Fern.) Cooperrider
= C. boreale Fern.
Cynoglossum
virginicum (of Day, 1882) = Cynoglossum virginianum L. var. boreale (Fern.)
Cooperrider
CYNOSURUS L. (Poaceae)
*C.
cristatus L., Dog's-tail
Grass, Crested Dog's Tail
CYPERUS L. (Cyperaceae)
C. bipartitus Torr., Shining Cyperus, Rivershore Galingale, Flatsedge
= C. rivularis Kunth
= C. diandrus var. castaneus Torr.
C. diandrus Torr., Galingale, Umbrella Flatsedge
= C. diandrus var. elongatus Britt.
= C. fuscus of NY reports, not L.
Cyperus diandrus var. castaneus Torr. =
Cyperus bipartitus Torr.
Cyperus engelmannii Steud. = Cyperus
odoratus L.
C.
erythrorhizos Muhl.,
Red-rooted Cyperus, Flatsedge
Cyperus esculentus L. = Cyperus esculentus L. var.
leptostachyus
Boeck.
*C.
esculentus L., Yellow
Nut Grass
var. leptostachyus
Boeck.
= C. esculentus L.
= “C. phymatodes Muhl.of Day's Pl. of Buf.” according to Zenkert, 1934
(p. 102) and House 1924 p.133.
Cyperus ferax Rich. = Cyperus odoratus L.
Cyperus ferruginescens Boeckl. = Cyperus
odoratus L.
Cyperus filiculmis of authors, not Vahl =
Cyperus lupulinus (Spreng.) Marcks ssp. lupulinus
Cyperus filiculmis var. macilentus Fern. =
Cyperus lupulinus (Spreng.) Marcks ssp. macilentus (Fern.) Marcks
C.
flavescens L. Galingale,
Yellow Cyperus
= C. flavescens var. poaeformis (Pursh) Fern.
*C.
fuscus L., Dark
Galingale, Flatsedge [this species is not reported for
C.
lupulinus (Spreng.)
Marcks, Slender Galingale
ssp.. macilentus (Fern.) Marcks
= C. filiculmis var. macilentus Fern.
Cyperus michauxianus Schultes of Gray's
Manual ed 5, 1867 = Cyperus speciosus Vahl. of House 1924 = Cyperus odoratus L.
C.
odoratus L., Fragrant
Cyperus, Fragrant Umbrella-sedge
= C. engelmannii Steud.
= C. ferruginascens Boeckl.
= C. ferax Rich
= C. michauxianus Schultes of Gray's Manual ed 5, according to House 1924.
= C. speciosus Vahl
= C. odoratus L. var. squarrosus (Britton) Gill. sensu McIntosh &
Catling 1979
“C[yperus]. phymatodes Muhl. of Day's Pl.
of Buf.” according to Zenkert, 1934 (p. 102) and House 1924 = Cyperus
esculentus L. var. leptostachyus Boeck.
Cyperus rivularis Kunth = Cyperus
bipartitus Torr.
C.
schweinitzii Torr.,
Schweinitz's Cyperus
Cyperus speciosus Vahl = Cyperus odoratus
L.
C.
strigosus L.,
Straw-colored Cyperus, Flatsedge
= C. strigosus var. robustior Britt.
CYPRIPEDIUM L. (Orchidaceae)
C. acaule Ait., Moccasin-flower, Pink Lady's
Slipper
Cypripedium calceolus var. parviflorum
(Salisb.) Fern. = Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. parviflorum
Cypripedium calceolus var. planipetalum
(Fern.) Vict. & Rouss. = Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. pubescens
(Willd.) Knight
Cypripedium calceolus var. pubescens
(Willd.) Correll = Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. pubescens (Willd.)
Knight
C. candidum Muhl. ex Willd., White Lady-slipper
Cypripedium flavescens DC. = Cypripedium
parviflorum Salisb. var. pubescens (Willd.) Knight
C.
parviflorum Salisb.,
Yellow Lady-slipper .
= C. calceolus of American authors, not L.
var. makasin (Farw.) Sheviak. new in Chautauqua Co.
(NYFA 2012).
var. parviflorum Small Yellow Lady-slipper
= C. calceolus var. parviflorum (Salisb.) Fern.
var. pubescens (Willd.) Knight, Large Yellow Lady-slipper
= C. calceolus var. planipetalum (Fern.) Vict. & Rouss.
= C. calceolus var. pubescens (Willd.) Correll
= C. flavescens DC.
= C. parviflorum var. planipetalum Fern.
= C. pubescens Willd.
Cypripedium pubescens Willd. =
Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. pubescens (Willd.) Knight
C. reginae Walt., Showy Lady-slipper
= C. spectabile Salisb.
Cypripedium spectabile Salisb. =
Cypripedium
CYSTOPTERIS Bernh. (Woodsiaceae)
C.
bulbifera (L.) Bernh.,
Bulblet Bladder-fern
= Filix bulbifera (L.) Underw.
= Polypodium bulbiferum L.
C.
fragilis (L.) Bernh.,
Brittle Bladder-fern
= Filix fragilis (L.) Gilib.
= Polypodium fragile L.
Cystopteris fragilis var. mackayi Laws. =
Cystopteris tenuis (Michx.) Desv.
Cystopteris fragilis var. protrusa Weath.
= Cystopteris protrusa (Weath.) Blasd.
C. protrusa (Weath.) Blasd., Lowland Fragile Fern
= C. fragilis var. protrusa Weath.
C. tenuis (Michx.) Desv., Fragile Fern
= C. fragilis var. mackayi Laws.
Cytherea bulbosa
(L.) Salisb. = Calypso bulbosa (L.) Oakes var.
CYTISUS
L. (Fabaceae)
*C. scoparius (L.) Link, Scotch Broom
= Genista scoparia (L.) Lam.
= Sarothamnus scoparius (L.) Wimmer
= Spartium scoparium L.
DACTYLIS L. (Poaceae)
*D. glomerata L., Orchard-grass
= D. glomerata varieties
DALIBARDA L. (Rosaceae)
Dalibarda fragarioides Michx. = Waldsteinia fragarioides (Michx.) Tratt.
D. repens L., Dewdrop, False Violet, Robin-runaway, Dewdrop
= D. violaeoides Michx.
= Rubus dalibarda L.
Dalibarda violaeoides Michx. = Dalibarda repens L
DANTHONIA Lam. & DC. (Poaceae)
D. compressa
D. spicata (L.) Beauv. ex R. & S., Poverty-grass, Junegrass, White Oatgrass
= D. × allenii
= D. spicata var. longipila Scribn. & Merr.
DAPHNE L. (Thymelaeaceae)
[*D. mezereum L.,
Mezereum, Daphne, reported as of doubtful occurrence in the
DASIPHORA Raf. (Rosaceae)
Dasiphora fruticosa auct. non (L.) Rydb. = Dasiphora fruticosa (L.) Rydb. ssp. floribunda (Pursh) Kartesz
Dasiphora floribunda (Pursh) Kartesz = Dasiphora fruticosa (L.) Rydb. ssp. floribunda (Pursh) Kartesz
D. fruticosa (L.) Rydb., Shubby Cinquefoil
ssp. floribunda (Pursh) Kartesz
= Dasiphora fruticosa auct. non (L.) Rydb.
= D. floribunda (Pursh) Kartesz
= Pentaphylloides floribunda (Pursh) Á. Löve
= Potentilla floribunda Pursh
= P. fruticosa L. ssp. floribunda (Pursh) Elkington
= P. fruticosa var. tenuifolia Lehm.
Dasystephana grayi of NY reports, not (Kusn.) Britt. = Gentiana puberulenta Pringle
Datisca hirta L. = Rhus typhina L.
DATURA L. (Solanaceae)
*D. stramonium L., Jimsonweed, Stramonium, Common
Thorn-apple, Jamestown Weed, Purple Thorn-apple
= D. tatula L.
= D. stramonium var. tatula (L.) Torr.
Datura tatula L. = Datura stramonium L.
DAUCUS L. (Apiaceae)
*D. carota L., Queen Anne's Lace, Wild Carrot
DECODON J. Gmel. (Lythraceae)
D. verticillatus (L.) Ell., Swamp Loosestrife, Water-willow, Water-oleander
= D. verticillatus var. laevigatus Torr. & A. Gray
= Lythrum verticllatum L.
= Nesaea verticillata (L.) HBK
Delphinium ajacis L. of ON reports = Consolida ajacis (L.) Schur
Delphinium ambiguum L. = Consolida ajacis (L.) Schur
Delphinium consolida of Torrey's NY Flora, not L. = Consolida ajacis (L.) Schur
Delphinium consolida L. = Consolida regalis S. Gray
DENDROLYCOPODIUM A. Haines (Lycopodiaceae)
D. dendroideum (Michx.) A. Haines, Northern Tree Club-moss, Ground-pine
= Lycopodium dendroideum Michx.
= Lycopodium obscurum L. var. dendroideum (Michx.) D. C.Eaton
= L. obscurum L. var. hybridum Farw.
D. obscurum (L.) A. Haines, Ground-pine, Eastern
Tree Clubmoss
= Lycopodium obscurum L.
DENNSTAEDTIA Bernh. (Dennstaedtiaceae)
D. punctilobula
(Michx.)
= Dicksonia pilosiuscula Willd.
= Nephrodium punctilobulum Michx.
Dentaria concatenata Michx. = Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) Schwein.
Dentaria diphylla Michx. = Cardamine diphylla (Michx.) Wood
Dentaria diphylla × laciniata = Cardamine
maxima (Nutt.) Wood
Dentaria diphylla × maxima = Cardamine
maxima (Nutt.) Wood
Dentaria × incisa K. Schum. = Cardamine
maxima (Nutt.) Wood
Dentaria × incisifolia Eames = Cardamine maxima (Nutt.) Wood
Dentaria laciniata Muhl. ex Willd. = Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) Schwein.
Dentaria laciniata × maxima Nutt. = Cardamine maxima (Nutt.) Wood
Dentaria maxima Nutt. = Cardamine maxima (Nutt.) Wood
DEPARIA Hooker & Grev. (Woodsiaceae)
D. acrostichoides (Sw.) Kato, Silvery Spleenwort, Silvery Gladefern
= Asplenium acrostichoides Sw.
= A. thelypteroides Michx.
= Athyrium acrosticoides (Sw.) Diels
= A. thelypteroides (Michx.) Desv.
= Diplazium acrostichoides (Sw.) Butters
Deringa canadensis (L.) Kuntze = Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC.
DESCHAMPSIA Beauv. (Poaceae)
D. cespitosa (L.) Beauv., Tufted Hair-grass
= Aira caespitosa L.
Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin. = Avenella flexuosa (L.) Drejer
DESCURAINIA Webb & Berth. (Brassicaceae)
D. pinnata (Walt.) Britt., Tansy Mustard
ssp.. brachycarpa (
= D. pinnata var. brachycarpa (Rich.) Fern.
= Sisymbrium brachycarpon
= S. brachycarpon Rich. ex Frankl. (Mitchell & Tucker 1997)
= S. canescens as to ON reports, not of Nutt. (Morton & Venn 1990)
[*ssp. pinnata, Southern Tansy-mustard (= Sisymbrium canescens), excluded by Zander and Pierce (1979).]
Descurainia pinnata var. brachycarpa (Richards.) Fern. = Descurainia pinnata ssp. brachycarpa (Richards. ex Frankl.) Detl.
*D. sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl, Herb Sophia
= Sisymbrium sophia L.
DESMODIUM Desv. (Fabaceae)
Desmodium acuminatum DC. = Hylodesmum glutinosum (Muhl. ex Wild.) H. Ohashi & R. R. Mill
Desmodium bracteosum (Michx.) DC. = Desmodium cuspidatum (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC. ex Loud.
D. canadense (L.) DC., Canadian Tick Trefoil, Giant Tick-clover or -trefoil, Showy Tick-trefoil, Beggar-ticks
Desmodium canescens (L.) DC. (excluded by Zander & Pierce 1979).
D. ciliare (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC, Hairy Small-flowered Tick-trefoil
= D. obtusum of authors
D. cuspidatum (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC. ex Loud., Pointed-leaved Tick-trefoil
= D. bracteosum (Michx.) DC.
= D. grandiflorum (Walt) DC.
Desmodium dillenii of some authors, not Darl. = Desmodium perplexum Schub.
Desmodium dillenii Darl. in part = Desmodium perplexum Schub.
Desmodium dillenii Darl. = Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC.
Desmodium glabellum(Michx.) DC. = Desmodium perplexum Schub.
Desmodium glutinosum (Muhl. ex Willd.) Wood = Hylodesmum glutinosum (Muhl. ex Wild.) H. Ohashi & R. R. Mill
Desmodium grandiflorum (Walt) DC. = Desmodium cuspidatum (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC. ex Loud.
Desmodium humifusum of some NY reports, not (Muhl.) Beck = Desmodium perplexum Schub., q.v.
D. marilandicum
(L.) DC., Smooth Small-leaved
Desmodium nudiflorum (L.) DC = Hylodesmum
nudiflorum (L.) H. Ohashi & R. R. Mill
Desmodium obtusum (of authors) = Desmodium ciliare (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC.
[D. obtusum (Muh. ex Willd.) DC. ( = D. rigidum (Ell.) DC.) Erie Co. report not corroborated by specimen (Young 1998).]
D. paniculatum (L.) DC., Panicled Tick-trefoil
= D. dillenii Darl.
Desmodium pauciflorum (Nutt.) DC. = Hylodesmum pauciflorum (Nutt.) H. Ohashi & R. R. Mill
D. perplexum Schub., Tick-clover, Tick-trefoil
= D. dillenii Darl. in part
= D. glabellum(Michx.) DC.
= [?D. humifusum of some NY reports, not (Muhl.) Beck, = D. glabellum of Mitchell & Tucker 1997.]
= Meibomia dillenii (Darl.) Kuntze in part
Desmodium rigidum (Ell.) DC. = Desmodium obtusum (Muh. ex Willd. DC. (excluded by Zander & Pierce 1979).
D. rotundifolium DC., Round-leaved Tick-trefoil
Dianthera
DIANTHUS L. (Caryophyllaceae)
*D. armeria L., Deptford Pink
ssp. armeria
*D. barbatus L., Sweet William
ssp. barbatus
Dianthus blandus (Reichenb.) Hayek = Dianthus deltoides L.
*D. deltoides L., Maiden-pink, Meadow-pink
ssp. deltoides
Dianthus hoppei Portenschl. = Dianthus deltoides L.
Dianthus luminitzeri Weisb. = Dianthus deltoides L.
Dianthus praecox Kit. ex Willd. = Dianthus deltoides L.
DICENTRA Bernh. (Papaveraceae)
D. canadensis (Goldie) Walp.,
= Diclytra canadensis (Goldie) DC.
D. cucullaria (L.) Bernh., Dutchman's Breeches
= Diclytra cucullaria (L.) DC.
(*?)D. eximia (Ker.) Torr., Bleeding-heart, New from Cattaraugus and
DICHANTHELIUM Hitchc. & Chase) Gould (Poaceae)
[Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C.A. Clark, Panic-grass]
ssp. acuminatum reported only for one county in northern
= Dichanthelium lanuginosum (Elliott) Gould
= Panicum acuminatum Swartz
= Panicum auburne Ashe
= Panicum lanuginosum Elliott
D. acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C. A. Clark, Slender-stemmed Panic Grass
ssp. fasciculatum (Torr.) Freckmann & Lelong, note, this subspecies is known throughout the
State and probably represents most specimens of Panicum acuminatum from western
= Dichanthelium lanuginosum (Elliott) Gould var. fasciculatum (Torr.) Spellenb.
= Panicum huachucae Ashe
= P. huachucae var. sylvicola Hitch. & Chase
= P. languidum Hitchc. & Chase
= P. lanuginosum Elliott. var. fasciculatum (Torr.) Fern.
= P. lanuginosum Elliott var. septentrionale Fern.
= P. lindheimeri var fasciculatum (Torr.) Fern.
= P. subvillosum Ashe
= P.
[Dichanthelium
acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C. A. Clark ssp. implicatum (Scribn.) Freckmann
& Lelong, reported only in eastern
= Dichanthelium meridionale (Ashe) Freckmann
= Panicum acuminatum Sw. var. implicatum (Scribn.) Beetle
= P. implicatum Scribn.
= P. lanuginosum Elliott var. implicatum (Scribn.) Fern.
= P. lindheimeri var. implicatum (Scribn.) Fern.
= P. meridionale Ashe
= P. oricola Hitchc. & Chase
[Dichanthelium
acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C. A. Clark ssp. lindheimeri (Nash) Freckmann
& Lelong, Lindheimer’s Panic Grass, reported only from eastern
= Dichanthelium lanuginosum (Elliott) Gould var. lindheimeri (Nash) Harvill
= Dichanthelium lindheimeri (Nash) Gould
= Panicum lanuginosum var. lindheimeri (Nash) Fern.
= P. lindheimeri Nash
[Dichanthelium
acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C. A. Clark ssp. spretum (Schult.)
= Panicum acuminatum var. densiflorum (E. L. Rand & Redfield) Lelong
= P. spretum Schultes
D. boreale (Nash) Freckmann, Northern Panic-grass
= Panicum bicknellii Nash
= P. bicknellii var. calliphyllum (Ashe) Gleason
= P. boreale Nash
= P. calliphyllum Ashe
D. clandestinum (L.) Gould, Deer-tongue Grass
= Panicum clandestinum L.
= Panicum latifolium L. var. clandestinum (L.) Pursh
D. commutatum (J.A.Schultes) Gould, Ashe's Panic-grass
ssp. ashei (T. G. Pearson ex Ashe) Freckmann & Lelong
= Dichanthelium commutatum (J. A. Schultes) Gould var. ashei (Pearson ex Ashe) Mohlenbrock
= Panicum ashei Pearson ex Ashe
= Panicum commutatum of authors, not J. A. Schultes
= P. commutatum var. ashei (Pearson ex Ashe) Fern.
= P. umbrosum Le Conte
Dichanthelium commutatum (J. A. Schultes) Gould var. ashei (Pearson ex Ashe) Mohlenbrock = Dichanthelium commutatum (J.A.Schultes) Gould ssp. ashei (T. G. Pearson ex Ashe) Freckmann & Lelong
D. depauperatum (Muhl.) Gould, Starved Panic-grass
= Panicum depauperatum Muhl.
= P. depauperatum var. involutum (Torr.) A. Wood
= P. depauperatum var. psilophyllum Fern.
D. dichotomum (L.) Gould., Forked Panic-grass
ssp. dichotomum
= Panicum annulum Ashe
= P. annulum Ashe var. glabrescens Gleason
= P. barbulatum Michx.
= P. dichotomum L.
= P. dichotomum var. barbulatum (Michx.) Wood
= P. clutei Nash
= P. lucidum Ashe
= P. microcarpon Muhl. ex Elliott
= P. nitidum Lam.
D. latifolium (L.) Gould & C. Clark, Broad-leaved Panic-grass, only in Chautauqua Co. in western NY (NYFA 2012)
= Panicum latifolium L.
Dichanthelium lanuginosum (Elliott) Gould = Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C.A. Clark ssp. acuminatum, q.v.
Dichanthelium lanuginosum (Elliott) Gould var. fasciculatum (Torr.) Spellenb. = Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C. A. Clark ssp. fasciculatum (Torr.) Freckmann & Lelong, q.v.
Dichanthelium lanuginosum (Elliott) Gould var. lindheimeri (Nash) Harvill = Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C. A. Clark ssp. lindheimeri (Nash) Freckmann & Lelong, q.v.
Dichanthelium lindheimeri (Nash) Gould = Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C. A. Clark ssp. lindheimeri (Nash) Freckmann & Lelong, q.v.
D. linearifolium (Scribn. ex Nash) Gould, Low White-haired Panic-grass
= Panicum linearifolium Scribn. ex Nash in Britt. & Brown
= P. linearifolium var. werneri (Scribn.) Fern.
= P. perlongum Nash
= P. strictum Pursh. var. linearlfolium (Scribn. ex Nash) Farw.
= P. strictum Pursh. var. perlongum (Nash) Farw.
= P. werneri Scribn.
Dichanthelium meridionale (Ashe) Freckmann = Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C. A. Clark ssp. implicatum (Scribn.) Freckmann & Lelong, q.v.
D. oligosanthes (J. A. Schultes) Gould, Few-flowered Panic-grass
ssp. scribnerianum (Nash) Freckmann & Lelong
= Dichanthelium oligosanthes (J. A. Schultes) Gould var. scribnerianum (Nash) Gould
= Panicum helleri Nash
= P. macrocarpon LeConte ex Torr. of Zander and Pierce (1979)
= Panicum oligosanthes Schult. var. helleri (Nash) Fern.
= Panicum oligosanthes Schult. var. scribnerianum (Nash) Fern.
= P. scribnerianum Nash
Dichanthelium oligosanthes (J. A. Schultes) Gould var. scribnerianum (Nash) Gould = Dichanthelium oligosanthes (J. A. Schultes) Gould ssp. scribnerianum (Nash) Freckmann & Lelong
[Dichanthelium
ovale (Ell.) Gould & C. A. Clark ssp. praecocius (Hitchc. & Chase)
Freckmann & Lelong, a western species, is not reported for
= Dichanthelium villosissimum (Nash) Freckman var. praecocius (Hitchc. & Chase) Freckmann
= Panicum lanuginosum Ell. var. praecocius (Hitchc. & Chase) Dore
= P. praecocius Hitchc. & Chase
[Dichanthelium
ovale (Ell.) Gould & C. A. Clark ssp. pseudopubescens (Nash) Freckmann
& Lelong, Oval-leaved
= Dichanthelium villosissimum (Nash) Freckmann var. pseudopubescens (Nash) Mohlenbrock
= Panicum pseudopubescens Nash
= P. villosissimum Nash var. pseudopubescens (Nash) Fernald
[Dichanthelium ovale (Elliott) Gould & C.
A. Clark ssp. villosissimum (Nash) Freckmann & Lelong, known only from
eastern
= Panicum acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & C. A. Clark var. villosum (Gray) Gould & C. A. Clark
= P. villosissimum Nash
D. spaerocarpon (Ell.) Gould, Round-fruited Panic-grass
= Panicum sphaerocarpon Ell.
= Panicum sphaerocarpon Ell. var. inflatum (Scribn. & J. G. Sm.) A. S. Hitchc. & Chase
Dichanthelium villosissimum (Nash) Freckman var. praecocius (Hitchc. & Chase) Freckmann = Dichanthelium ovale (Ell.) Gould & C. A. Clark ssp. praecocius (Hitchc. & Chase) Freckmann & Lelong
Dichanthelium villosissimum (Nash) Freckmann var. pseudopubescens (Nash) Mohlenbrock = Dichanthelium ovale (Ell.) Gould & C. A. Clark ssp. pseudopubescens (Nash) Freckmann & Lelong, q.v.
[Dichanthelium
wrightianum (Scribn.) Freckmann, Wright’s Witch Grass, reported only from
= P. wrightianum Scribn.
[[D. xanthophysum (A. Gray) Freckman, Slender Panic-grass,
only recorded for eastern
= Panicum xanthophysum A. Gray]]
Diclytra canadensis (Goldie) DC. = Dicentra canadensis (Goldie) Walp.
Diclytra cucullaria (L.) DC. = Dicentra cucullaria (L.) Bernh.
DIERVILLA Mill. (Caprifoliaceae)
D. lonicera Mill., Bush Honeysuckle
= D. trifida Moench
Diervilla trifida Moench = Diervilla lonicera Mill.
DIGITARIA Heist. ex Fabr. (Poaceae)
D. cognata (Schultes) Pilger, Diffuse Crab-grass, Fall Witchgrass
= Leptoloma cognatum (Schultes) Chase
*D. ischaemum (Schreb. ex Schweig.) Schreb. ex Muhl., Small or Smooth Crab-grass
= D. ischaemum var. mississippiensis (Gatt.) Fern.
= Panicum glabrum (Schrad.) Gaud.
= Syntherisma ishaemum (Schreb. ex Schweig.) Nash
*D. sanguinalis (L.) Scop., Large Crab-grass, Tall or Hairy Crab-grass
= Digitaria adscendens (Kunth) Henr.
= Panicum sanguinale L.
= Syntherisma sanguinalis (L.) Dulac
Dilepyrum erectum (Schreb) Farw. = Brachyelytrum erectum (Schreb.) Beauv.
DIOSCOREA L. (Dioscoreaceae)
Dioscorea batatas Dcne. = Dioscorea polystachya Turcz.
Dioscorea oppositifolia of authors, not L. = Dioscorea polystachya Turcz.
*D. polystachya Turcz., Yam, Chinese Yam, Cinammon-vine
= D. batatas Dcne.
= D. oppositifolia of authors, not L.
Dioscorea quaternata of old NY reports in part = Dioscorea villosa L.
D. villosa L., Wild Yam, Yellow Yam
= D. quaternata of old NY reports in part
DIPHASIASTRUM Holub(Lycopodiaceae)
D. × habereri (House) Holub, Clubmoss
= Diphasiastrum digitatum × D. tristachyum
= Lycopodium complanatum var. habereri (House) Boiv.
= L. digitatum × tristachyum
D. tristachyum (Pursh) Holub, Three-spiked Club-moss, Ground Cedar, Northern Ground-pine
= Lycopodium tristachyum Pursh
= Diphasium chamicyparissus (A. Braun) A. & D. Löve
= Diphasium tristachyum (Pursh) Rothm.
Diphasiastrum
digitatum (A. Br.) Holub = Lycopodium digitatum Dill. ex A.
Diphasiastrum digitatum × D. tristachyum = Diphasiastrum × habereri (House) Holub = Lycopodium digitatum × L. tristachyum = Lycopodium × habereri House
Diphasium chamicyparissus (A. Braun) A. & D. Löve = Diphasiastrum tristachyum (Pursh) Holub
Diphasium
complanatum (L.) Rothm. ssp. flabelliforme (Fernald) A.& D. Löve =
Diphasiastrum digitatum (A. Br.) Holub
Diphasium
digitatum (A. Br.) Holub = Diphasiastrum digitatum (A. Br.) Holub
Diphasium tristachyum (Pursh) Rothm. = Diphasiastrum tristachyum (Pursh) Holub
DIPLACHNE Beauv. (Poaceae)
*D. fascicularis (Lam.) Beauv., Clustered Saltmeadow-grass, Sprangletop
= Leptochloa fascicularis (Lam.) A. Gray
= L. fusca (L.) Kunth. ssp. fascicularis (Lam.) N. Snow
DIPLAZIUM Sw. (Woodsiaceae)
Diplazium acrostichoides (Sw.) Butters = Deparia acrostichoides (Sw.) Kato
D. pycnocarpon (Sprengel) M. Broun, Narrow-leaved Spleenwort, Silvery Spleenwort, Silvery Glade-fern
= Asplenium angustifolium (of authors)
= A. pycnocarpon Sprengel
= Athyrium angustifolium (Michx.) Milde
= A. pycnocarpon (Sprengel) Tidestr.
Diplopappus umbellatus (Mill.) Hook. = Aster umbellatus Mill.
DIPLOTAXIS DC. (Brassicaceae)
*D. muralis (L.) DC., Sand Rocket, Wall-rocket
= Sisymbrium murale L.
*D. tenuifolia (L.) DC., Wall Rocket
= Sisymbrium tenuifolia (L.) DC.
DIPSACUS L. (Dipsacaceae)
*D. fullonum L., Common Teasel, Fuller's Teasel
= D. sylvestris Huds.
*D. laciniatus L., Cut-leaf Teasel
Dipsacus sylvestris Huds. = Dipsacus fullonum L.
DIRCA L. (Thymelaeaceae)
D. palustris L., Leatherwood, Moosewood, Wicopy, Rope-bark
Disporum
lanuginosum (Michx.) Nichols. = Prosartes lanuginosa (Michx.) Don
Dodecatheon meadia (excluded by Zander & Pierce 1979)
DOELLINGERIA Nees (Asteraceae)
Doellingeria humilis (Willd.) Britt. =
Doellingeria infirma (
D. infirma (
= Aster infirmus Michx.
= Aster infirmus
= Doellingeria humilis (Willd.) Britt.
D. umbellata (P. Mill.) Nees, Flat-topped White Aster
= Aster umbellatus P. Mill.
= Doellingeria umbellata var. flexicaulis House
= D. umbellata var. oneidica House
DRABA L. (Brassicaceae)
D. arabisans Michx., Rockcress Whitlow-grass
D. reptans (Lambert) Fernald, Whitlow-grass
= D. caroliniana Walt.
*D. verna L., Whitlow-grass
= Erophila verna (L.) Bess.
DRACOCEPHALUM L. (Lamiaceae)
Dracocephalum formosius (Lunell) Rydb. = Physostegia virginiana (L.) Benth.
D. parviflorum Nutt., Dragonhead
Dracocephalum speciosum Sweet = Physostegia virginiana (L.) Benth.
Dracocephalum virginianum L. = Physostegia virginiana (L.) Benth.
Dracontium foetidum L. = Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.
DROSERA L. (Droseraceae)
D. intermedia Hayne, Spatulate-leaved Sundew, Narrow-leaved Sundew
= D. longifolia Michx. in part
Drosera longifolia Michx. in part = Drosera intermedia Hayne
D. rotundifolia L., Round-leaved Sundew
var. rotundifolia
= D. rotundifolia var. comosa Fern.
Drymocallis agrimonioides (Pursh) Rydb. = Potentilla arguta Pursh
DRYOPTERIS Adans. (Dryopteridaceae)
Dryopteris austriaca var. fructuosa (Gilb.) Mort. = [Dryopteris carthusiana × intermedia = × triploidea Wherry]
Dryopteris austriaca var. intermedia (Muhl. ex Willd.) Morton = Dryopteris intermedia (Muhl. ex Willd.) A. Gray
D. campyloptera (Kunze) Clarkson, Mountain Wood-fern
= Aspidium campyloptera Kunze
= D. austriaca of authors, not (Jacq.) Woyner
= D. dilatata var.
= D. spinulosa var.
= Thelypteris dilatata (Hoffm.) House
= Thelypteris dilatata var.
No vouchered specimens occur for any
western
D. carthusiana (Vill.) Fuchs, Spinulose Shield-fern, Spinulose Wood-fern
= D. austriaca var. spinulosa (Muell.) Fiori
= D. spinulosa (Muell.) Watt
= Polypodium carthusianum Vill.
= Thelypteris spinulosa (O.F.Muell.) Nieuwl.
D. carthusiana × cristata = D. × uliginosa (A.
= D. cristata × spinulosa
D. carthusiana × intermedia = D. × triploidea Wherry, Wood-fern
= D. austriaca var. fructuosa (Gilb.) Mort.
= D. intermedia × spinulosa
D. celsa (Palmer) Knowlt., Palmer & Poll., Log-fern
D. celsa × goldiana, Log-fern
D. clintoniana
(D. C. Eat. ex A. Gray) Dowell,
= Aspidium cristatum var. clintonianum D. C. Eat.
= Dryopteris cristata var. clintoniana (D. C. Eat. ex A. Gray) Underw.
= Thelypteris clintoniana (D. C. Eaton ex A. Gray) House
D. clintoniana × goldiana Wood-fern
D. clintoniana × intermedia = D. × dowellii (Farw.) Wherry, Dowell's Wood-fern
= Thelypteris cristata var. clintoniana × T. spinulosa var. intermedia of Zenkert (1934).
D. cristata