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BFNA Title: Cyrto-hypnum |
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Thuidiaceae
-Cyrto-hypnum X. CYRTO-HYPNUM (Hampe) Hampe & Lorentz in Hampe,
Bot. Zeit. 27: 455. 1869 * [Greek cyrto, curved or arched, and hypnum, lichen, or by usage,
pleurocarpous moss] William
R. Buck Hypnum subg. Cyrto-hypnum Hampe, Flora 50: 78. 1867; Thuidium sect. Minutula
Schimper; T. subg. Microthuidium Limpricht Plants small and slender, 1--2-pinnate; paraphyllia
filamentous, unbranched; axillary hairs 2-celled. Stem
leaves broadly triangular to broadly ovate, acuminate; margins
crenulate-papillose, often recurved at least below; costa strong, extending
4/5 the leaf length to subpercurrent; cells ± quadrate, pluripapillose (or 1-papillose extralimitally)
on both surfaces, usually with the papillae arranged around the periphery of
the lumina. Branch leaves typically smaller than stem leaves, ovate to
oblong-ovate, obtuse to short-acuminate; margins as stem leaves but plane;
costa strong, ending 3/4--7/8 the leaf length, sometimes crested or the apex
projecting as a small spine; cells similar to those of stem leaves. Sexual
condition autoicous. Perichaetial leaves strongly
differentiated, erect, oblong-lanceolate to oblong-ovate, acuminate; margins
entire to ciliate; costa percurrent to excurrent. Seta
slender, smooth or papillose. Capsules
inclined to horizontal, cylindric; annulus differentiated in 2--3 rows;
operculum obliquely long-rostrate; peristome hypnoid with endostomial
segments not or narrowly perforate and cilia 1--3. Calyptra
cucullate, naked. Species
30--40 (4 in the flora): mostly tropical. SELECTED
REFERENCE Buck, W. R. and H. A. Crum.
1990. An evaluation of familial limits among the genera traditionally aligned
with the Thuidiaceae and Leskeaceae.
Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 17: 55--69. 1.
Stems 1-pinnate; branch and stem leaves of about the same size, larger than
0.4 mm, strongly incurved when dry . . . . 1. Cyrto-hypnum involvens 1.
Stems 2-pinnate (sometimes inconspicuous); branch leaves smaller than stem
leaves, less than 0.4 mm, erect to somewhat but not strongly incurved when
dry. 2. Stems and branches as well as the
paraphyllia papillose . . . . 2. Cyrto-hypnum pygmaeum 2. Stems and branches with papillose paraphyllia, but not
papillose themselves. 3. Stems weakly and irregularly 2-pinnate; cells of
paraphyllia mostly twice as long as wide; seta smooth; perichaetial leaves
serrulate . . . . 3. Cyrto-hypnum minutulum 3. Stems regularly 2-pinnate; cells of paraphyllia mostly
quadrate; seta rough; perichaetial leaves ciliate . . . . 4. Cyrto-hypnum schistocalyx 1.
Cyrto-hypnum involvens (Hedwig) W. R. Buck & H. A. Crum, Contr. Univ.
Michigan Herb. 17: 66. 1990 Leskea involvens
Hedwig, Sp. Musc. 218. 1801; Thuidium
involvens (Hedwig) Mitten Stems
1-pinnate, smooth; paraphyllia to ca. 8 cells long, cells ca. 1:1, all
sparingly papillose. Stem leaves flexuosely incurved when
dry, ovate-triangular, (0.3--)0.5--0.6 mm, ± abruptly short-acuminate; costa disappearing in the
acumen but not filling it. Branch leaves strongly incurved when
dry, ± 2-ranked, often laxly disposed, ca.
0.5 mm, obtuse to acute; costa ca. 7/8 the leaf length, often ± flexuose, not covered with quadrate cells. Perichaetial
leaves laxly serrulate above, subentire below or with a few coarse, blunt
teeth. Seta papillose throughout; endostomial cilia single, rarely with
rudimentary additional one. Capsules
mature Nov.--Dec.(--Mar.). Lowland,
moist forests, growing over limestone, soil, humus, rotten wood; 0 m; s The
once-pinnate stems, strongly incurved leaves, non-ciliate perichaetial leaves
and rough seta are distinctive. The aspect is quite different from the other
species in the genus. It occurs between 0 and 1000 m south of the flora area. 2. Cyrto-hypnum pygmaeum (Schimper) W. R. Buck & H. A.
Crum, Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 17: 67. 1990 Thuidium pygmaeum
Schimper in P. Bruch, W. P. Schimper & W. Gümbel, Bryol. Eur. 5(fasc.
49/51): 162. 1852 Stems 2-pinnate, stems and branches
papillose; paraphyllia (1--)2--4(--5) cells long, cells ca. 1:1, all strongly
papillose. Stem leaves slightly incurved when dry, ovate-triangular,
0.2--0.35 mm, acuminate; costa about 3/4 the leaf length. Branch
leaves erect-incurved when dry, 0.2--0.3 mm on primary branches, ca. 0.15 mm on secondary
branches, acute to short-acuminate; costa 1/2--3/5 the leaf length, straight,
not covered with quadrate cells. Perichaetial leaves serrulate above,
subentire below. Seta smooth; endostomial cilia in pairs. Capsules mature July--Sept. Moist woods, growing over moist rocks, usually limestone but less often sandstone and quartzite; mostly at moderate to low elevations; Ont., Que.; Ala., Ark., Conn., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Ky., Mass., Mo., N.C., N.J., N.Y., Ohio, Okla., Pa., Tenn., Va., Vt. Wis.; Asia (China, Japan, Korea). This
is our smallest species of Cyrto-hypnum. The diminutive stature coupled with
papillose stems and branches is distinctive.
It is most likely confused with Heterocladium
macounii, which also has
pluripapillose leaf cells and papillose stems and branches. However, that species is larger and has a
costa ending near or below midleaf and is without paraphyllia; although there
are pseudoparaphyllia they have pointed terminal cells, not truncate as in
the paraphyllia of C. pygmaeum. 3. Cyrto-hypnum minutulum (Hedwig) W. R. Buck & H. A.
Crum, Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 17: 66. 1990 Hypnum minutulum
Hedwig, Sp. Musc. Frond., 260. 1801; Thuidium
minutulum (Hedwig) Schimper Stems weakly and irregularly 2-pinnate,
smooth; paraphyllia 2--3(--5) cells long, cells mostly ca. 2:1, usually only
the terminal one papillose. Stem leaves erect-incurved when dry,
broadly ovate, 0.3--0.45(--0.55) mm, ±
abruptly shortly and broadly acuminate; costa ending about 4/5 the leaf
length. Secondary branch leaves erect-incurved when dry, 0.15--0.25 mm,
acute; costa ending ca. 3/4 the leaf length, straight, apical portions often
covered with quadrate cells and thus projecting as low crests. Perichaetial
leaves serrulate above, subentire below.
Seta smooth; endostomial
cilia 1--2(--3). Capsules
mature Feb.--Aug.(--Oct.). Moist
woods, usually growing on rotten logs, but sometimes on rock, especially
limestone, and bases of trees; mostly moderate to low altitudes; Ont., N.B.,;
Ala., Ark., Conn., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, La., Md., Me., Mich., Minn.,
Mo., N.C., N.J., N.Y., Ohio, Pa., S.C., Tenn., Va., W.Va.; Mexico, Central
America, n and c South America; West
Indies; Europe. Because
of its wide range in eastern 4. Cyrto-hypnum schistocalyx (Müller Hall.) W. R. Buck & H.
A. Crum, Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 17: 67. 1990 Hypnum schistocalyx
Müller Hall., Syn. Musc. Frond. 2: 691. 1851; Thuidium schistocalyx
(Müller Hall.) Mitten Stems regularly 2-pinnate, smooth; paraphyllia
2--8 cells long, cells mostly 1:1, all papillose. Stem
leaves appressed when dry, broadly triangular, (0.2--)0.25--0.32(--0.5)
mm, gradually and broadly acuminate, sometimes piliferous; costa ending ca.
5/6 the leaf length. Secondary branch leaves
incurved-appressed when dry, 0.15--0.25(--0.3) mm, acute to obtuse; costa
ending ca. 3/4 the leaf length, straight, apical portions often covered with
quadrate cells and thus projecting as low crests. Perichaetial
leaves strongly flexuose-ciliate. Seta papillose throughout; endostomial
cilia 1(--2). Capsule
maturity not determined. Moist forests, usually growing on limestone or bases
of trees; 0 m; The ciliate perichaetial leaves and roughened seta characterize this species of the American tropics. It is closely related to Cyrto-hypnum scabrosulum (Mitten) Buck & Crum, but that species has branch leaves more laxly disposed and perichaetial leaves not or scarcely ciliate. Cyrto-hypnum schistocalyx occurs from sea level to 200 m south of the flora area. |
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