|
BFNA Title: Claopodium |
|
Claopodium -
Leskeaceae XX. CLAOPODIUM (Lesquereux & James)
Renauld & Cardot, Revue Bryologique 20: 16. 1893 * [Greek clao, clado, branch or sprout and podi,
podium foot] Judith A. Harpel Plants small to medium sized, light to dark
green creeping mats. Stems smooth to strongly papillose,
irregularly to regularly pinnately branched; paraphyllia absent or few,
small, scale-like or squamiform, rhizoids sparse, often arising from base of
leaves, older stems becoming somewhat stoloniferous. Leaves of stems and branches not much differentiated, crisped,
incurved to slightly contorted when dry, erect and spreading wet, ovate,
oblong-ovate or lanceolate from a broad base, gradually or abruptly
acuminate, with or without a hair-point, lamina not plicate; costa single,
pellucid, straight distally; leaf margins plane, serrate or entire; distal
and medial cells quadrate-hexagonal, oblong to rhomboidal, 1--2:1, with one
to many papillae on both surfaces of the cell, alar cells not differentiated,
juxtacostal cells elongate, mostly smooth; branch leaves similar but often
smaller. Specialized asexual
reproduction lacking. Sexual condition dioicous; perichaetial leaves pale translucent, longer
and more acuminate. Seta to 2 cm, smooth or rough. Capsule brown, oblong-oval with a
short neck, inclined to
horizontal, asymmetric; operculum conic-rostrate to long-rostrate; annulus
deciduous, of 2--3 rows of cells; peristome double, exostome teeth densely
cross striate-papillose basally, papillose distally, bordered, endostome
membrane high, segments slender, keeled, perforate, cilia long, nodose. Calyptra cucullate, smooth. Spores small, smooth or papillose. Species 8 (4
in the flora): w North America, w Europe, e Asia, Claopodium is a genus of small prostrate plants
with creeping stems, short, papillose laminal cells, pellucid costa, and
asymmetric capsules with well developed peristome. The genus is somewhat heterogeneous, as C. whippleanum lacks hair-points and
superficially is similar to Leskea.
Recent phylogenetic work suggests that Claopodium
is related to Anomodon. SELECTED
REFERENCES Noguchi, A. 1964. A
revision of the genus Claopodium. J.
Hattori Bot. Lab. 27: 20--46. Johnsen, A. B. 1969. Additions to the moss
flora of 1. Branch and stem cells papillose; leaf cells
pluripapillose; leaves ending in a hair-point ………………………………………………………………..1. Claopodium pellucinerve 1. Branch and stem cells smooth; leaf cells
pluripapillose or 1-papillose, leaves with or without hair-points 2.
Leaves without hair-points; leaf cells with a single large papillae per cell ……………………………………..2. Claopodium whippleanum 2. Leaves with hair-points, leaf
cells with one or more papillae. 3. Branch and stem leaf cells 1-papillose …..3. Claopodium
crispifolium 3. Branch and stem leaf cells pluripapillose
……4. Claopodium bolanderi 1.
Claopodium pellucinerve (Mitten)
Best, Bryologist 3: 19. 1900 Leskea pellucinervis Mitten, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot.,
Suppl. 2: 130. 1859; Claopodium
subpiiliferum (Lindberg & Arnell (Brotherus) Plants
small, dark-green to yellowish green, irregularly branched, forming
loose mats to 4.5 cm. Stems
densely papillose with small papillae; paraphyllia few, scale-like. Leaves
1--1.5 mm, ovate-lanceolate, ending in a flexuous acumen tapering into a
hair-point; margins entire, not differentiated as narrower cells; costa to
about 3/4\x length of leaf, papillose abaxially surface; distal medial cells
elliptical to rhomboidal, about 15--25 x 8--13 \um, densely papillose with
multiple papillae; branch leaves similar but slightly smaller. Sexual
condition dioicous. Seta
reddish brown, 12--15 mm,
smooth. Capsule oblong, inclined to horizontal, 1--2 mm; operculum conic,
short-rostrate. Spores 15--21 \um, lightly papillose. Usually in pockets
or crevices of shaded cliffs, or on limestone boulders, occasionally on humus
at the base of cliffs; low to high elevations; B.C. (Queen Charlotte
Islands), Yukon; Alaska, N.Mex.; Mexico; Asia (China; India; Japan; Korea,
Pakistan). A collection
of C. pellucinerve reported from 2. Claopodium whippleanum (Sullivant)
Renauld & Cardot, Revue Bryologique 20: 16. 1893 Hypnum whippleanum Sullivant, Expl. Railroad Plants small, dark green to yellowish brown,
in mats to 4 cm, irregularly pinnately branched. Stems smooth, paraphyllia absent; slightly contorted when dry
often appearing slightly flattened. Leaves
to 1 mm, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, gradually tapering to a narrow
point, hair-point absent, margins serrate throughout; distal medial cells
linear-rhomboidal, 9--15 x 5--6 \um, 1-papillose on both surfaces; costa
ending before the apex, smooth abaxially; branch leaves smaller, to 0.5 mm,
ovate-lanceolate, gradually acuminate, serrate throughout. Sexual
condition dioicous. Seta
to 1 cm, rough. Capsule
oblong-oval, 2--3 mm, constricted below the mouth when dry; horizontal;
annulus deciduous; operculum short,
broadly conic. Spores 9--2 \um,
smooth. Mainly on
exposed soil, soil over rock or rarely on logs, or tree roots; low to moderate
elevations; Alta., B.C.; AZ, Calif., Nev., Oreg., Wash.; Mexico; Europe
(Portugal); Pactific Islands (Hawaii). 3.
Claopodium crispifolium (Hooker)
Renauld & Cardot., Revue
Bryologique 20: 16. 1893 Hypnum crispifolium Hooker. Musci Exotica 1: 31. 1818 Plants green to yellowish green often
appearing brownish, medium sized, to 8 cm, more or less pinnately branching,
forming loose stoloniferous mats. Stems
smooth, paraphyllia absent. Leaves to 3 mm, forming a long
acuminate hair-point from an ovate base; crisped to incurved when dry,
erect-spreading when moist; margins plane, serrate by 1--2 rows of oblong to
rhomboidal smooth cells; costa ending before the acumen, smooth abaxially;
distal medial cells hexagonal or subquadrate, 8--8.5 \um, 1-papillose with
large papillae. Branch leaves similar
but somewhat smaller. Sexual condition dioicous. Seta 1--2 cm, rough. Capsule inclined to almost
horizontal, oblong asymmetric, 1.5--3 mm; operculum long rostrate. Spores 9--12 \um, smooth. Mainly on rotten
logs, tree bases, on soil over rocks; low to moderate elevations; Alta; B.C.;
Alaska, Calif., Idaho, Mont., Oreg., Wash.; Asia (Japan; Russian Far East). 4.
Claopodium bolanderi Best,
Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24: 431. 1897 Plants green to yellow-green, forming thin
irregularly branching mats to 6 cm. Stems
smooth, paraphyllia when present, small, squamiform. Leaves
to 1.6 mm, ending in a long narrow hyaline hair-point from a broadly ovate
base; margins serrate; distal medial cells short, isodiametric, 6--8 \um,
pluripapillose on both surfaces; marginal cells slightly differentiated;
costa ending before the apex, smooth abaxially; branch leaves similar but
smaller. Sexual condition
dioicous. Seta 1--1.5 cm, rough. Capsule
short, broadly oval to suborbicular, 1.2--1.8 mm, shrunken below the mouth
when dry; operculum long-rostrate. Spores 12--15 \um, smooth. Mainly on
rocks, or soil over rocks; moderate to high elevations; Alta.; B.C.; Alaska,
Calif., Idaho, Mont., Oreg., Wash.; Asia (Russia in Commander Islands). |
