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BFNA Title: Herzogiella |
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Edit Level R Brum+ Herzogiella -
Hypnaceae XX. HERZOGIELLA Brotherus in A. Engler, Nat. Pfl.
ed. 2, 11: 466. 1925 * [Theodor
Herzog, a German botanist
(1880-1961), and Latin, ella, diminutive] Robert R. Ireland Dolichotheca Lindberg, 1874, not Dolichotheca Cassini 1827; Isopterygium
Mitten subg. Dolichotheca
(Lindberg) Lindberg; Sharpiella Z.
Iwatsuki Plants medium-sized, in thin
to dense, light- to yellow-green or dark green glossy mats. Stems
creeping to ascending, simple or sparingly and irregularly branched,
epidermal cells large and thin-walled in section, surrounding a few rows of smaller
thick-walled cortical cells and large thin-walled central cells, central
strand usually absent; rhizoids sparse, papillose, in leaf axils or just
below juncture of leaves, often restricted to base of stems; axillary hairs
with two brownish short-rectangular basal cells and two hyaline elongate
apical cells; pseudoparaphyllia lacking or foliose pseudoparaphyllia present
(H. adscendens). Specialized asexual reproduction lacking. Stem
and branch leaves similar, rigid, crowded and imbricate to somewhat remote,
spreading to squarrose, sometimes tips secund at stem and branch apices,
concave, smooth or weakly plicate, symmetric, nondecurrent or 1--3 cells
decurrent, ovate or lanceolate, acuminate; margins plane, serrulate to
strongly serrate beyond leaf middle, serrate to entire below; costa short and
double, rarely lacking; cells thick-walled, linear-fusiform, smooth, cell
walls at leaf base usually pitted; alar cells usually clearly differentiated,
a few quadrate, rectangular, or abruptly inflated and rounded cells present,
1--4 on margins. Sexual condition autoicous
or dioicous. Perigonia and perichaetia near base of stems,
perichaetial leaves ovate-lanceolate, gradually acuminate occasionally to a
filiform acumen, sometimes plicate, margins plane. Seta smooth,
elongate, straight to curved, often twisted, yellow, brown or red. Capsule
erect to cernuous, straight to arcuate, yellow, brown or reddish brown,
oblong or cylindric, when dry usually striate, sometimes smooth, tapering to
a wrinkled neck, often contracted below mouth; operculum conic to
short-rostrate; annulus of 2--3 rows of large cells, deciduous; peristome
cross-striolate proximally, papillose distally, bordered, interior
trabeculate; endostome papillose, consisting of narrow keeled segments from a
high basal membrane, cilia 1--3, approximately the length of segments,
sometimes lacking. Calyptra cucullate, smooth, naked. Spores spherical
to ovoid, minutely papillose. Species 7 (4 in the flora): terrestrial
habitats at low to high elevations predominately in temperate and boreal
regions; North, Central and South America, Europe, Asia, Africa. SELECTED
REFERENCES Ireland, R. R. 1969. A
taxonomic revision of the genus Plagiothecium
for North America, north of Mexico. Natl. Mus. of Canada, Natl. Mus. Natural
Sci., Publ. Bot. 1: 1--118. Ireland, R. R. 1990 (1992). Scanning electron
microscopy of spores of Herzogiella.
Lindbergia 16: 169--179. Ireland, R. R. 1991 (1993). Synopsis of the genus Herzogiella for North America.
Lindbergia 17: 111--115. Iwatsuki, Z. 1965. Notes on the genus Dolichotheca, with special reference
to the Japanese species. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 28: 202--208. Iwatsuki, Z.
1970. A revision of Plagiothecium
and its related genera from Japan and her adjacent areas, I. J. Hattori Bot.
Lab. 33: 331--380. l. Leaves with
abruptly inflated alar cells, these hyaline
or orange to red, often distinctly decurrent. 2. Leaves squarrose to
squarrose-recurved; margins serrulate to strongly serrate . . . . 1. Herzogiella striatella 2. Leaves imbricate to
somewhat spreading; margins entire to serrulate . . . . 4. Herzogiella adscendens 1. Leaves with
quadrate to rectangular alar cells, these seldom inflated, not or indistinctly
decurrent. 3. Leaves appearing
distichous; sometimes weakly plicate; capsule 0.8--2 mm . . . . 2. Herzogiella turfacea 3. Leaves
wide-spreading in several rows, smooth; capsule 2--3.5 mm . . . . 3. Herzogiella seligeri 1. Herzogiella striatella (Bridel) Z. Iwatsuki, J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 33: 374.
1970 Leskea striatella
Bridel, Bryol. Univ. 2: 762. 1827; Dolichotheca
striatella (Bridel) Loeske; Hypnum fitzgeraldii Lesquereux & James; Hypnum muehlenbeckii C.
Hartman; Isopterygium striatellum (Bridel) Loeske; Plagiothecium muehlenbeckii Schimper; Plagiothecium
striatellum (Bridel) Lindberg; Sharpiella striatella (Bridel) Z. Iwatsuki Plants in thin to dense
mats, yellowish to dark-green, brownish green with age, glossy. Stems to
20 × 0.5--2 mm, ascending
to erect, pseudoparaphyllia lacking. Leaves loosely imbricate to
somewhat spreading, often squarrose, sometimes squarrose-recurved, usually
straight at stem and branch apices, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, smooth,
distinctly decurrent, 0.6--2 ×
0.3--0.8 mm; margins serrulate to serrate; cell walls pitted at leaf base and
sometimes pitted to leaf middle or beyond; median cells 24--50 × 4--7 μm; alar cells hyaline
or sometimes orange to red, abruptly inflated, rounded to oval, in 2--4
vertical rows of 4--6 cells, 14--65 × 14--24 μm. Sexual condition autoicous. Seta
light brown to red, 0.9--2 cm. Capsule light brown, inclined to nearly
erect, 1--2 × 0.3--0.5 mm, oblong to
cylindric, slightly arcuate to straight, when dry not or little contracted
below mouth; operculum conic to conic-apiculate, 0.3--0.4 mm. Spores 10--15
μm. Capsules mature
summer. Shaded soil and humus,
often on acidic cliffs and rocks, rotten logs, stumps, bases of trees and
exposed tree roots; 0--2000 m; Greenland; B.C., N.B., Nfld., N.S., Ont.,
P.E.I., Que.; Alaska, Conn., Ga., Ky., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Mo., N.H.,
N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Pa., R.I., Tenn., Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis.;
Europe; Asia. This species is
recognized by the close, squarrose to squarrose-recurved leaves with 2--4
rows of abruptly inflated, hyaline or orange to red, decurrent cells
extending 4--6 cells down the stem. Herzogiella
striatella has a disjunct
distribution in North America, occurring commonly in the eastern third of the
continent and more rarely in the western part in Alaska, British Columbia,
and Washington. Herzogiella striatella may have a closer
relationship to H. cylindricarpa (Cardot) Z. Iwatsuki of
Mexico, Central and South America, and Africa than to the other North
American species as revealed by a scanning electron microscope study of the
spore ornamentation (R. R. Ireland 1990). Alabama report by R. R. Ireland
(1991) is an error. 2. Herzogiella turfacea (Lindberg) Z. Iwatsuki, J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 33: 375.
1970 Hypnum turfaceum
Lindberg, Bot. Notis. 1857: 142. 1857; Dolichotheca
turfacea (Lindberg) Loeske; Hypnum pseudo-silesiacum
(Schimper) Lesquereux & James; Isopterygium
turfaceum (Lindberg) Lindberg; Plagiothecium sulcatum Cardot & Thériot; Plagiothecium turfaceum
(Lindberg) Lindberg; Sharpiella turfacea (Lindberg) Z. Iwatsuki Plants in thin mats, light-
to yellowish-green, glossy. Stems to 30 × 1.5--2.5 mm, prostrate, pseudoparaphyllia
lacking. Leaves squarrose-spreading, sometimes erect-spreading,
usually appearing distichous and complanate due to twisting of leaves to form
two rows on opposite sides of stems and branches, sometimes tips secund at
stem and branch apices, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, smooth or weakly plicate,
nondecurrent or sometimes 1--3 short cells indistinctly decurrent, 1--2 × 0.3-0.7 mm; margins
serrulate to serrate; cell walls pitted at leaf base, indistinctly pitted
distally, sometimes pits lacking; median cells 43--80 × 3--6 μm; alar cells quadrate
to short-rectangular on margin, sometimes one cell at extreme basal angle
rounded to oval and inflated, 14--34 × 9--22 μm. Sexual condition autoicous. Seta
light brown to red, 1.2--2 cm. Capsule light brown, inclined, 0.8--2 × 0.3--0.6 mm, oblong
to cylindric, slightly arcuate, when dry contracted below mouth; operculum
conic to conic apiculate, 0.3--0.4 mm. Spores 10--15 μm. Capsules mature
summer. Coniferous woods, sometimes in
swamps, humus, bases of trees, rotten logs and stumps, rarely on rock;
30--500 m; Alta., Man., N.B., Nfld., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask.; Conn.,
Ill., Ind., Maine, Mass., Mich., Minn., Mont., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio,
Pa., R.I., S.C., S.Dak., Vt., Va., Wis.; Europe; Asia. Herzogiella turfacea
is characterized by the often distant, erect- to wide-spreading leaves,
sometimes plicate, appearing distichous due to their twisting to opposite
sides of the stems and branches, the poorly differentiated alar cells, and
the striate capsules. The species is common in northeastern North America
between 40--50º
N but rare farther south in North and South Carolina and Virginia. It is
known from only a few scattered localities in Alberta, Saskatchewan,
Manitoba, Illinois, Ohio, Montana, and South Dakota. 3. Herzogiella seligeri (Bridel) Z. Iwatsuki, J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 33: 374. 1970 Leskea seligeri
Bridel, Musc. Rec. 2(2): 47. 1801; Dolichotheca
seligeri (Bridel) Loeske; Isopterygium seligeri (Bridel) C. Jensen; Plagiothecium
silesianum (Weber & Mohr) Schimper; Plagiothecium seligeri (Bridel) Lindberg; Sharpiella seligeri
(Bridel) Z. Iwatsuki Plants in thin mats, light-
to yellowish green, glossy. Stems to 30 × 1.5--3 mm, prostrate to ascending,
pseudoparaphyllia lacking. Leaves wide-spreading, ovate to
ovate-lanceolate, smooth, nondecurrent or 1--3 cells indistinctly decurrent,
1--2.5 × 0.5--0.9 mm, margins
serrulate to serrate; cell walls pitted at leaf base, indistinctly pitted
distally, sometimes pits lacking; median cells 30--70 × 5--7 μm; alar cells quadrate
to short-rectangular, sometimes rounded to oval and inflated, 17--48 × 12--26 μm. Sexual condition
autoicous. Seta light brown to red, 1.5--2.5 cm. Capsule light
brown to reddish brown, inclined, 2--3.5 × 0.5--0.8 mm, cylindric, strongly arcuate,
when dry contracted below mouth; operculum conic, 0.4--0.6 mm. Spores
12--22 μm. Capsules mature
summer. Coniferous or Alnus-Acer woods, rotten logs, bases of trees; 300--1900 m; Alta.,
B.C.; Idaho, Mont., Oreg., Wash.; Europe; Asia. This is a species
distinctive by its wide-spreading leaves, appearing in several rows, and its
long (2--3.5 mm), arcuate capsules. It occurs only in the northwestern part
of North America west of the Rocky Mountains at elevations usually below 900
m. 4. Herzogiella adscendens (Lindberg) Z. Iwatsuki & Schofield, J. Hattori
Bot. Lab. 37: 609. 1973 Stereodon adscendens
Lindberg, Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn. 18: 255. 1872; Campylium adscendens
(Lindberg) Persson; Campylium stellatum var. adscendens (Lindberg) Persson; Campylium treleasei
(Renauld) Brotherus Plants in dense mats,
yellowish green, somewhat glossy. Stems to 30 × 1.5--3 mm, prostrate
to ascending, pseudoparaphyllia foliose. Leaves imbricate to somewhat
spreading, often somewhat falcate when dry, ovate to ovate-lanceolate,
long-acuminate, smooth, distinctly but shortly decurrent, 1.5--3 × 0.4--0.6 mm, margins
serrulate to entire; cell walls pitted at leaf base, sometimes pitted to leaf
middle; median cells 33--85 ×
4--7 μm; alar cells hyaline,
abruptly inflated, rounded to oblong, 14--70 × 14--28 μm. Sexual condition dioicous. Seta
yellowish brown, 1.1--1.5 cm. Capsule light brown, inclined, 2.5--3 × 0.3--0.5 mm,
cylindric, slightly arcuate, when dry not or little contracted below mouth;
operculum conic to conic apiculate, 0.3--0.4 mm. Spores 17--22 μm. Capsules very rare,
mature late summer. Tree trunks,
rotten logs and stumps or humus over acidic cliffs; 0--90 m; B.C.; Alaska;
Asia. Herzogiella adscendens,
previously included in the genus Campylium,
is the most recent addition to Herzogiella
(Z. Iwatsuki and W. B. Schofield 1973). It differs from the other North
American Herzogiella species by its
dioicous condition, serrulate to entire leaves, presence of foliose
pseudoparaphyllia (sometimes difficult to find) and perichaetial leaves that
are about twice as long as the other leaves. OTHER REFERENCES Crum, H. A. and L. E.
Anderson. 1981. Mosses of Eastern North America. Vol. 2. Columbia
University Press, New York. Iwatsuki, Z.
and W. B. Schofield. 1973. The taxonomic position of Campylium adscendens
(Lindb.) Mitt. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 37: 609--615. |
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