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BFNA Title: Warnstorfia |
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CALLIERGONACEAE-- Warnstorfia xxx. WARNSTORFIA
Loeske, Verh. Bot. Ver. Prov. Brandenburg, 49 (Abh.): 63. 1907 * [For C. F. E. Warnstorf, German
teacher and botanist, 1837--1921] L. Hedenäs Plants
medium-sized, green, yellow-green, brownish, red-brown, very rarely with
clear red colors. Stem sparsely to
richly radially branched, with central strand and without hyalodermis, cells
inside cortex thin-walled; outer pseudoparaphyllia narrow, triangular to
lanceolate, occasional one broadly triangular; rhizoids or rhizoid initials
at various points on the leaves, or on scattered points or in rows on the
stem; axillary hairs with 1--4 distal hyaline cells. Stem leaves straight or falcate, triangular to ovate, gradually
narrowed to a long-acuminate, acuminate, acute, or blunt apex, not plicate,
concave; margin entire, sinuous or denticulate; costa single, ending 60--80%
way up leaf; median lamina cells incrassate or thin-walled, porose or not;
alar cells quadrate or shortly to long-rectangular, hyaline and thin-walled,
inflated, in transversely triangular, narrowly transversely triangular or
almost quadrate group, somewhat indistinctly delimited from surrounding
cells, not or shortly decurrent. Sexual
condition autoicous. Inner
perichaetial leaves not plicate; vaginula naked. Capsule curved and ± horizontal; annulus not separating; exostome
reticulate on lower outside, margin dentate distally. Spores 12.5--31 \um. Species 2--3
(2 in the flora): nearly worldwide. The genus Warnstorfia consists of autoicous
species with leaves gradually curved to straight and gradually narrowed to the
apex. Clear red colors occur very rarely in very exposed situations, and the
leaves are not decurrent. The alar groups are transversely triangular or
isodiametric, and consist of inflated, and (at least when young) usually
hyaline cells. Warnstorfia species
typically occur in mineral-poor fens, W.
fluitans sometimes also in bogs. Although the species are mostly found in
nutrient-poor habitats, W. fluitans,
natural habitats of which are mostly poor or very poor in nutrients, can
stand considerable nutrient-enrichment as evidenced by polluted localities in
Europe. Warnstorfia plants with
falcate leaves and lacking sporophytes, or perichaetia and perigonia, can be
confused with similar species of Sarmentypnum.
The latter, however, frequently develop red colors, have more sharply
delimited transversely triangular alar groups, and are dioicous. In addition,
Sarmentypnum species are mostly
found in intermediately mineral-rich rather than mineral-poor situations. SELECTED
REFERENCES Hedenäs, L. 1993. A generic revision of the Warnstorfia-Calliergon
group. J. Bryol. 17: 447--479. Hedenäs, L.
2006. Additional insights
into the phylogeny of Calliergon, Loeskypnum, Straminergon,
and Warnstorfia (Bryophyta: Calliergonaceae). J. Hattori Bot.
Lab. 100: 125--134. Janssens, J. A. 1983. Past and extant distribution of Drepanocladus in 1.
Alar cells forming a transversely triangular group; supra-alar cells rather
small and not forming a group together with the alar cells; stem leaf apex
usually not incurved................ 1.
Warnstorfia fluitans 1.
Alar cells forming an isodiametric or, more rarely, transversely triangular
group; supra-alar cells large and together with alar cells often forming an
ovate or rectangular group along lower leaf margin; stem leaf apex often
incurved............. 2. Warnstorfia pseudostraminea 1. Warnstorfia fluitans (Hedwig) Loeske in
E. Nitardy, Hedwigia 46: VI. 1907 Hypnum fluitans Hedwig,
Sp. Musc. 296. 1801; Drepanocladus
fluitans (Hedwig) Warnstorf; D.
berggrenii (Lange & C. E. O. Jensen) G. Roth; D. fluitans var. falcatus (C.
E. O. Jensen) G. Roth; Warnstorfia
fluitans var. falcata (C. E. O.
Jensen) H. A. Crum & L. E. Anderson; D.
fluitans var. setiformis (Renauld)
Mönkemeyer; D. fluitans var. uncatus H. A. Crum, Steere, & L.
E. Anderson Plants medium-sized, green, yellow-green or
brownish to brown-red (clear red rarely seen in extremely exposed habitats);
axillary hairs with 1--4-celled distal portion. Stem leaves falcate or sometimes straight, narrowly ovate to
triangular-ovate and gradually narrowed to acuminate apex, concave or
slightly so; margins denticulate, sometimes only in part or indistinctly so;
costa ending at mid-leaf or to 80% distally in leaf (occasionally shorter or
double); alar cells usually indistinctly delimited transverse, narrowly
triangular group more or less reaching costa, supra-alar cells weakly
differentiated. Warnstorfia fluitans is recognized by its somewhat
indistinctly delimited transverse, ± narrowly triangular alar groups in the
stem leaves, and by being autoicous. Warnstorfia
pseudostraminea has alar groups that are sometimes transversely
triangular (though more broadly so than in W. fluitans), but in some or most leaves, the alar and the large
supra-alar cells together form an oval or rectangular group along the
proximal leaf margins. Warnstorfia
pseudostraminea has usually ± straight to slightly falcate stem leaves,
often with obtuse leaf apices having short cells, and the leaf apex is commonly
hooked. However, neither of the last mentioned features are constant in W. pseudostraminea, and occasional
(rare) specimens of W. fluitans have
the same character states. Mineral-poor
and acid, but sometimes nutrient-rich habitats, poor fens or bog pools,
depressions in rocks, rarely on rocks with trickling water; 0--3440 m; Greenland; Alta., B.C., Man., N.B.,
Nfld., N.W.T., N.S., Nun., Ont., P.E.I., Que.; Alaska, Colo.,
Conn., Maine, Mass., Mich., Minn., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Pa., Vt., Va.,
Wash., Wis.; South America, Eurasia (including Papua New Guinea), s and e
Africa, Atlantic Islands, Australia, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Kerguelen
Islands. A variety of W. fluitans, var. falcata (C. E. O. Jensen) H. A. Crum & L. E. Anderson (Drepanocladus fluitans var. uncatus H. A. Crum, Steere, & L.
E. Anderson) has been recognized.
However, because no type material seems to be extant, the status of this
taxon cannot be evaluated. 2. Warnstorfia pseudostraminea (Müller Hal.) Tuomikoski & T. J. Koponen, Ann. Bot.
Fennici 16: 223. 1979 Hypnum
pseudostramineum Müller Hal., Bot. Zeit. 13: 501. 1855; Calliergidium pseudostramineum (Müller
Hal.) Grout; Calliergidium
pseudostramineum var. hoveyi Grout;
C. pseudostramineum var. plesistramineum (Renauld) Grout; Drepanocladus pseudostramineus (Müller
Hal.) G. Roth Plants medium-sized, green, yellow-green or
brownish, never red; axillary hairs with 1--3-celled distal portion. Stem leaves almost straight or
slightly falcate (rarely more strongly falcate), narrowly ovate-triangular or
ovate, gradually narrowed to acuminate or often obtuse or blunt point, leaf
apex often hooked (incurved over leaf), concave; margins ± entire or finely
denticulate; costa ending 65--80% up the leaf; alar cells in usually indistinctly
delimited isodiametric or, more rarely, transversely triangular group,
supra-alar cells often large and then together with alar cells often forming
an oval or rectangular group along proximal leaf margins. Mineral-poor
and acid habitats, apparently favored by disturbance, slightly sloping poor
fens, ditches or periodically water-filled depressions; 0--2160 m; Greenland; B.C., Nfld., Ont.;
Alaska, Calif., Minn., Wash., Wyo.; Europe. Warnstorfia pseudostraminea is usually readily recognizable in the field,
where it gives an impression of an intermediate between W. fluitans and Straminergon
stramineum. It could be confused with W.
fluitans or green plants of Sarmentypnum
exannulatum and the distinguishing characters of these species are given
in their respective discussion. The genus Calliergidium,
in which W. pseudostraminea was
sometimes placed is discussed under Drepanocladus.
Warnstorfia pseudostraminea is
widespread in lowlands of northern Europe, and it seems likely that this is
the case also in OTHER
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