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BFNA Title: Tritomaria |
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Tritomaria, Jungermanniaceae TRITOMARIA Loeske, Hedwigia
49: 13. 1909 Won
Shic Hong Plants ca. 0.5--5 cm ´ 1--4 mm, prostrate
to ascending. Stem transverse section with 1--3 cortical cells and
15--25 medullary cells; rhizoids numerous in dense mats, colorless to pale
brown. Leaves subtransversely-obliquely inserted, 2--4-lobed,
asymmetrical (except T. polita); lobes triangular, unequal, margins
entire; cell walls collenchymatous, trigones bulging; oil bodies 3--8 per
cell, finely granular, spherical to ovoid; underleaves absent. Sexual
condition dioicous. Specialized asexual reproduction by gemmae. Androecia
intercalary, antheridial stalk 1--2-seriate, female bracts leaflike,
3--4-lobed, margins entire-dentate, bracteoles usually absent. Perianth cylindrical-ovoid,
plicate, mouth entire or ciliate. Capsule oval, walls 3--5-stratose,
exterior wall with nodular and interior wall with semiannular bands. Elaters
ca. 6--10 m
m diam. Spores ca. 10--16 m m. Species 8 (6 in the flora):
North America, Europe, Asia, Africa. SELECTED REFERENCES Schuster, R. M. 1969. Tritomaria
Schiffn. In: R. M. Schuster. 1966--1993. The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of
North America. New York. Vol. 2, pp. 638--704. Schuster, R. M. 1984.
Evolution, Phylogeny and Classification of the Hepaticae. In: R. M. Schuster,
ed. 1984. New Manual of Bryology. Vol. 2, pp. 892--1070. Nichinan. 1. Leaves more or less symmetrical,
equally 2--4-lobed with blunt to rounded apices; perianth mouth entire or
subentire . . . . 4. Tritomaria polita 1. Leaves asymmetrical,
unequally 2--3-lobed with acute or acuminate apices; perianth mouth dentate. 2.
Leaves complicate to explanate, wider than long; gemmae rare-absent,
yellowish-reddish brown. 3.
Plants 1--1.5 mm wide, pellucid; leaves approaching symmetrical form, loosely
complex, trigones coarsely nodose; gemmae angulate; perianth mouth teeth 1--2
cells long . . . . . 3. Tritomaria heterophylla 3.
Plants 2--3.5 mm wide, opaque; leaves asymmetrical, explanate, trigones
moderate-bulging, but never nodose; gemmae generally absent; perianth mouth
teeth 4--5 cells long . . . . 5. Tritomaria quinquedentata 2.
Leaves canaliculate-complanate, longer than wide; gemmae abundant, reddish
brown to rust red. 4.
Leaves usually 3-lobed, lobes acute to subacute; trigones large; cilia of
perianth mouth 1--4 cells long; gemmae reddish-brown . . . . . 6. Tritomaria
scitula 4.
Leaves asymmetrically 2--3-lobed, lobes acute or acuminate; trigones small;
cilia of perianth mouth 5--6 cells long; gemmae rust-red. 5.
Gemmae smooth, ovoid-elliptical; leaf cells 8--14 ´ 10--20 m
m in midleaf; cell walls thick, trigones not bulging . . . . 1. Tritomaria
exsecta 5.
Gemmae angulate, polygonal; leaf cells 18--22 ´ 20--35 m
m in midleaf; cell walls thin, trigones bulging . . . . 2. Tritomaria
exsectiformis 1. Tritomaria exsecta
(Schrader) Loeske Hedwigia 49: 13. 1909 Jungermannia exsecta Schrader, Syst. Samml. Cryptogamisher
Gewasche 2: 5. 1797 Plants ca. 0.5-- 2 cm ´ 1--2 mm,
ascending, pale green to brownish green. Stems 0.2--0.3 mm diam.,
sparsely branching, transverse section with 2--3 cortical cells and 12--18
medullary cells; rhizoids numerous, colorless-pale brownish. Leaves
succubous, distant to imbricate, conduplicate-concave, ovate to oblong-ovate,
0.8--1.2 ´
0.5--0.8 mm, unequally 2--3-lobed (median lobes often absent); antical lobes
subulate, more weakly arched than postical lobe, sinus between middle lobes
deeper (to 0.3 of the leaf length), margins entire, apex acuminate to acute;
postical lobes ovate, more strongly arched than antical lobes, sinus between
middle lobes very shallow (less than 0.1 of the leaf length), margins entire,
apex acuminate to acute; cells rounded-rectangular, marginal cells 8--12 ´
10--15 m
m, median cells 8--14 ´ 10--20 m m , basal cells
10--15 ´
15--30 m
m, cuticle verruculose, walls thick, trigones small; oil bodies filling the
lumen, 2--8 per cell, spherical to ovoid, 2--4 ´ 4--5 m
m, finely granular, grayish; underleaves absent. Specialized asexual
reproduction by gemmae in masses at apices of shoots, rust-red,
elliptical, 15--22 ´ 8--12 m m, 2-celled,
smooth. Sexual condition dioicous. Androecia terminal, often
with gemmae at tips, male bracts 4--10 pairs, similar to leaves, with
antheridia, 1--2 androus, antheridial stalk 1-seriate. Gynoecia
terminal, female bracts in few pairs, rounded -quadrate to broadly ovate,
3--5 lobed, equal or slightly smaller than leaves. Perianth
cylindrical-obovate, 4--6-plicate, mouth ciliated with teeth 2--6 cells long.
Seta 5 mm, capsule ovoid, walls 3-stratose, exterior walls with
nodular thickenings, interior walls with annular thickenings, reddish brown. Elaters
ca. 8 m
m in diam., 2-spiral, reddish brown. Spores 9--12 m
m, papillose, dark brownish. Humic soil, humus on rocks,
trunks and branches, especially Alnus and Malus in the West;
0--2000 m; Alta., B.C., N.B., Nfld., N.W.T., N.S., Ont., Que.; Alaska, Colo.,
Conn., Ga., Idaho, Iowa, Ky., Maine, Mass., Mich., Minn., Mont., N.H., N.Y.,
N.C., Ohio, S.C., Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va.; Mexico; e Africa. In the East T. exsecta
is frequently associated with Anastrophyllum minutum, A.
michauxii, Bazzania trilobata, Diplophyllum apiculatum,
Frullania asagrayana, Harpalejeunea ovata, Herbertus
aduncus, Jamesoniella autumnalis, Lejeunea cavifolia,
L. ulicina, Metzgeria crassipilis, Radula obconica,
R. tenax, and Scapania nemorosa. In the West it
is associated with Blepharostoma trichophyllum, Douinia ovata,
Frullania nisquallensis, Scapania bolanderi, and S.
umbrosa. 2. Tritomaria exsectiformis
(Breidler) Loeske Jungermannia exsectiformis Breidler, Mitt. Naturwiss. Vereines
Steiermark 30: 321. 1894 Plants ca. 0.5--3 cm ´ 1.5--2 mm,
ascending, green to brownish. Stems 0.2--0.3 mm diam., sparsely
branching, transverse section with 2--3 cortical cells and 12--18 medullary
cells; rhizoids colorless to brownish. Leaves succubous, contiguous to
imbricate, conduplicate-concave, ovate to oblong-ovate, 0.8--1.2 ´
0.5--0.8 mm, unequally 2--3-lobed (median lobes often absent); antical lobes
smaller than postical lobes, apex acuminate to acute, margins entire; cells
rounded-rectangular, marginal cells 14--18 ´ 18--22 m
m, median cells 14--22 ´ 20--35 m m, basal cells
20--25 ´
28--40 m
m, cuticle strongly verruculose, walls thin, trigones strongly bulging; oil
bodies 5--12 per cell, spherical to ovoid, 3--5 ´ 4--6 m
m, granular, grayish; underleaves absent. Specialized asexual reproduction
by gemmae in masses at apices of shoots, rust-red or bright red, polygonal to
pyriform, 12--25 ´ 10--25 m m, 2-celled. Sexual
condition dioicous. Androecia terminal, often with gemmae at tips,
male bracts similar to leaves, 3-lobed, with antheridia, 1--2 androus,
antheridial stalk 1-seriate. Gynoecia terminal, female bracts larger
than leaves, ovate, 3--4-lobed. Perianth free from the bracts,
cylindrical, 4--6 plicate, mouth constricted, lobulate with teeth 2--5 cells
long. Capsule ovoid, walls 2--4-stratose, exterior walls with nodular
thickenings, interior walls with semiannular thickenings, reddish-brown. Elaters
ca. 7--10 m
m diam., 2-spiral, reddish-brown. Spores 9--12 m m,
papillose. Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora):
widely distributed across the northern part of the floral range. 1. Leaf cells 18--22 ´
20--35 m
m in midleaf; gemmae irregularly polygonal to pyriform, rust-red, 15--25 ´
12--20 m
m; widespread . . . . 2a. Tritomaria exsectiformis subsp. exsectiformis 1. Leaf cells 14--16 ´
20--25 m
m in midleaf; gemmae angulate, bright reddish, 12--25 ´ 10--25 m
m; arctic . . . . 2b. Tritomaria exsectiformis subsp. arctica 2a. Tritomaria exsectiformis
(Breidler) Loeske subsp. exsectiformis Leaf cells 18--22 ´ 20--35 m
m in midleaf; gemmae irregularly polygonal to pyriform, rust-red, 15--25 ´
12--20 m
m. Creek banks, decayed wood, and
humus over decayed wood in forests; 0--2300 m; Greenland; Alta., B.C., Nfld.,
N.W.T., N.S., Nun., Ont., Que., Yukon; Alaska, Colo., Conn., Idaho, Iowa,
Maine, Mass., Mich., Minn., Mont., N.H., N.Y., N.C., Pa., Vt., Wash., Wis.,
Wyo.; Europe; Asia. In the East it is frequently
associated with Bazzania trilobata, Lophozia ascendens,
L. longidens, and Tritomaria exsecta. In the West
it is associated with Blepharostoma trichophyllum, Cephalozia
lunulifolia, Gymnomitrion coralloides, Lepidozia reptans,
Lophozia incisa, L. ventricosa, and Ptilidium
pulcherrimum. 2b. Tritomaria exsectiformis
subsp. arctica R. M. Schuster, Hep. Anthoc. N. Amer. 2: 661. 1969 Leaf cells 14--16 ´ 20--25 m
m in midleaf; gemmae angulate, bright reddish, 12--25 ´ 10--25 m
m. Androecia, gynoecia and sporophyte unknown. Peaty soil with acidic rocks;
50--80 m; endemic to w Greenland. This North American endemic is
associated with Anastrophyllum minutum, A. sphenoloboides,
Cephalozia bicuspidata, Cephaloziella divaricata,
Lophozia opacifolia, Scapania lingulata, and Tritomaria
quinquedentata. 3. Tritomaria heterophylla
R.M. Schuster, Canad. Jour. Bot. 36: 272. 1958 Plants ca. 0.8--1.5 cm ´ 0.7--1.5 mm,
ascending, brownish-purplish to brown. Stems 0.3--0.4 mm in diam.,
sparsely branching, transverse section with cortical and medullary cells;
rhizoids numerous, colorless-pale brownish. Leaves succubous,
imbricate, loosely complicate, transversely oblong, 0.7--0.9 ´
0.8--1.2 mm, subequally 3-lobed, lobes ovate-triangular, sinus 0.2-0.3 of
leaf length, apex acuminate to acute, margins entire or with scattered sharp
teeth; cells rounded rectangular, marginal cells 20--25 m
m, median cells 20--25 ´ 25--30 m m, basal cells
25--30 ´
30--40 m
m, cuticle weakly verruculose, strongly collenchymatous, trigones bulging;
oil bodies 2--10 per cell, spherical to elliptical, 6--7 ´
9--13 m
m, finely papillose, grayish; underleaves absent. Specialized asexual
reproduction by gemmae in masses at apices of juvenile leaves,
reddish-brown, angular, 25--35 ´ 18--30 m m, 1--2 celled,
smooth. Sexual condition dioicous. Male bracts similar to
leaves, antheridia orange-yellow, antheridial stalk 1-seriate. Gynoecia terminal,
female bracts larger than leaves, 2--5-lobed, lobes broadly ovate-triangular
with entire margins. Perianth ovoid, plicate, mouth ciliated with
teeth 2 cells long. Sporophyte unknown. Peaty soil between rock
clefts; 0--250 m; e, w, and n Greenland; Nun. This species is superficially
similar to Tritomaria scitula and T. quinquedentata,
and is frequently associated with Aneura pinguis, Antheria
juratzkana, Arnellia fennica, Blepharostoma trichophyllum
subsp. brevirete, Cephalozia bicuspidata, C. pleniceps,
Cephaloziella arctica, Cryptocolea imbricata, Gymnomitrion
concinnatum, Jungermannia sphaerocarpa, Odontoschisma
macounii, Plagiochila arctica, Prasanthus suecicus,
Scapania gymnostomophila, and Tritomaria quinquedentata. 4. Tritomaria polita
(Nees) Jørgensen, Bergens Mus. Aarbok 7: 4. 1921 Jungermannia polita Nees, Naturg. Eur. Leberm. 2: 9. 1836 Plants ca. 1--1.5 cm ´ 2--3 mm,
ascending, yellowish-green to reddish-brown. Stems 0.2--0.5 mm in
diam., sparsely branching with Frullania-type, Radula-type and
lateral-intercalary; transverse section with 1--3 elongated cortical cells
and 10--16 medullary cells; rhizoids moderately numerous, colorless. Leaves
transversely inserted, symmetrical, variously wider or narrower than
long, broadly quadrate, ca. 1.7--2 ´ 1.4--1.7 mm, 3 or
2--4-lobed, sinus very shallow (0.1--0.25 of the leaf length), apex obtuse to
rounded, margins entire; cells rounded-polygonal, marginal cells 15--25 ´
25--35 m
m, median cells 25--30 ´ 45--50 m m, basal cells
35--45 ´
70--100 m
m, cuticle weakly verruculose, walls thin, trigones large; oil bodies 2--12
per cell, spherical to ellipsoidal, ca. 5--10 m m, granular,
grayish; underleaves absent. Specialized asexual reproduction by
gemmae in masses at tips of leaf-lobes, yellow-brown to purplish, smooth or
angulate, elliptical, ca. 28 m m, 1--2-celled. Sexual condition
dioicous. Androecia terminal, male bracts, several pairs, similar to
leaves, 3-lobed, lobes undulate. Seta 1--2 cm, capsule ovoid, exterior
walls with nodular thickenings, interior walls with semiannular thickenings. Elaters
ca. 8 m
m in diam., 2-spiral, reddish-brown. Spores ca. 15 m
m, reddish-brown. Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora):
North America, Europe, Asia. 1. Leaves uniformly 3-lobed
with angulate sinuses, longer than wide; oil bodies 2--7 per cell; gemmae
brown to purplish, angulate; female bracts 3-lobed; widespread . . . . . 4a. Tritomaria
polita subsp. polita 1. Leaves 2--4-lobed with
curved sinuses, wider than long; oil bodies 8--12 per cell; gemmae usually
absent, if present yellow brown, smooth; female bracts 2--4-lobed; sub-Arctic
and Arctic . . . . 4b. Tritomaria polita subsp. polymorpha 4a. Tritomaria polita
(Nees) Jørgensen subsp. polita Leaves uniformly 3-lobed with angulate
sinuses, longer than wide; oil bodies 2--7 per cell; gemmae brown to
purplish, angulate; female bracts 3-lobed. Exposed boulders, stream
banks, soil on cliffs in forests, and seepage slopes in the tundra.;
500--1100 m; Greenland; Alta., B.C., Nfld. (Labrador), Nun., Que.; Alaska,
Colo., Mont., Wash.; Europe; Asia. It is frequently associated
with Barbilophozia kunzeana, Blepharostoma trichophyllum,
Calypogeia azurea, Cephalozia bicuspidata, Diplophyllum
albicans, Harpanthus flotovianus, Jungermannia atrovirens,
Leiocolea heterocolpos, Lophozia guttulata, L.
incisa, Pleuroclada albescens, and Tritomaria exsectiformis. 4b. Tritomaria polita
subsp. polymorpha R. M. Schuster, Hep. Anthoc. N. Amer. 2: 700. 1969 Leaves 2--4-lobed with curved sinuses, wider
than long; oil bodies 8--12 per cell; gemmae usually absent, if present
yellow brown, smooth; female bracts 2--4-lobed. Sporophyte unknown. Banks of small streams; 0--50
m; Greenland. This North American endemic
taxon is reported only from Greenland (R. M. Schuster 1988). It is frequently
associated with Blepharostoma trichophyllum subsp. brevirete,
Cephalozia pleniceps, Leiocolea heterocolpos, Lophozia
gillmanii, Odontoschisma elongatum, Scapania brevicaulis,
and Tritomaria quinquedentata. R. Grolle and D. G. Long (2000)
treated this taxon as T. polita. 5. Tritomaria quinquedentata
(Hudson) H. Buch, Mem. Soc. Fauna Fl. Fenn. 8: 270. 1932 Jungermannia quinquedentata Hudson, Fl.
Angl. ed. 1: 433. 1762; Lophozia quinquedentata (Hudson)
Cogniaux Plants ca. 1.5--6 cm ´ 2-4 mm,
ascending , green to yellowish-brown. Stems 0.3-0.45 mm in diam.,
sparsely branching, transverse section with 2--3 cortical cells and 10--14
medullary cells; rhizoids numerous, colorless. Leaves succubous,
imbricate, ovate-reniform, 0.8--1.4 ´ 1--1.6 mm,
unequally 3-lobed, shallow sinus (0.1--0.2 of leaf length), lobes broadly
ovate, apex acute to apiculate, margins entire; cells rounded polygonal,
marginal cells ca. 12--18 ´ 20--23 m m, median cells ca.
18--24 ´
21--28 m
m, basal cells ca. 20--28 ´ 28--38 m m, cuticle
verruculose, walls thin, trigones distinct; oil bodies 2--10 per cell,
spherical to ovoid, 4--7 ´ 5--10 m m, finely granular,
grayish; underleaves absent. Specialized asexual reproduction by
gemmae, rare, at tips of leaf lobes, yellowish-brown, polygonal, ca. 15--20 m
m, 1--2-celled, smooth. Sexual condition dioicous. Androecia terminal,
male bracts 4--12 pairs, similar to leaves, 2--3-androus, antheridial stalk
2-seriate. Gynoecia terminal, female bracts larger than leaves,
3--5-lobed, lobes acute. Perianths cylindrical-obovoid, plicate, mouth
ciliated with teeth 4--5 cells long. Seta 2 cm, capsule oblong-ovoid,
walls 4--5-stratose, yellowish or reddish-brown, exterior walls with nodular
thickenings, interior walls with semiannular thickenings. Elaters ca.
6--7 m
m in diam., 2-spiral, reddish-brown. Spores 12--15 m
m, verruculose, yellowish-brown. Varieties 3 (3 in the flora):
North America, Eurasia. 1. Cells smaller, 18--24 ´
21--28 m
m in midleaf, trigones distinct; oil bodies 2--10 per cell; widespread . . .
. 5a. Tritomaria quinquedentata var. quinquedentata 1. Cells larger, 24--32 ´
30--42 m
m in midleaf, trigones bulging; oil bodies 7--20 per cell; sub-Arctic and
Arctic. 2. Cells
25--30 ´
30--42 m
m midleaf; oil bodies 10--20 per cell . . . . .5b. Tritomaria quinquedentata
var. grandiretis 2.
Cells 24--26 ´
32--45 m
m in midleaf; oil bodies 5--15 per cell . . . . 5c. Tritomaria
quinquedentata var. turgida 5a. Tritomaria quinquedentata
(Hudson) H. Buch var. quinquedentata Plants green to yellowish-brown or pale brown.
Leaf cells 18--24 ´ 21--28 m m in midleaf,
trigones distinct but never bulging, oil bodies 2--10 per cell. Wet humus over boulders,
shaded cliffs, soil over exposed rock surface, decaying branches at the
fringes of spray zones, and among heather on slopes; 0--1240 m; e, nw and sw
Greenland; Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., Nfld. (Labrador), N.W.T., N.S., Nun.,
Ont., Que., Sask., Yukon; Alaska, Colo., Conn., Maine, Mich., Minn., Mont.,
N.H., N.Y., Oreg., Vt., Wash., Wis.; Europe; Asia. This subspecies is frequently
associated with Anastrophyllum minutum, Barbilophozia attenuata,
B. barbata, Tetralophozia setiformis, Diplophyllum
taxifolium, Geocalyx graveolens, Gymnomitrion coralloides,
Leiocolpos heterocolpos, Lophozia sudetica, Mylia
taylori, Odontoschisma macounii, Plagiochila asplenioides,
Ptilidium ciliare, Scapania americana, S. mucronata,
and S. nemorosa. 5b. Tritomaria quinquedentata
var. grandiretis H. Buch & S. W. Arnell, Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 44
(1): 84. 1950 Plants pale and subpellucid. Leaf cells 25--32
´
30--42 m
m in midleaf, trigones distinct, oil bodies 10--20 per median cell. Acidic sites over peaty
grounds near small stream; 0--500 m; nw and w Greenland. This variety is restricted to
Greenland (R. M. Schuster 1958, 1988; R. M. Schuster and K. Dansholt 1974),
where it is frequently associated with Anastrophyllum minutum, Barbilophozia
binsteadii, B. hatcheri, B. kunzeana, B.
quadriloba, Lophozia ventricosa, Tritomaria quinquedentata
subsp. quinquedentata, and Ptilidium ciliare. 5c. Jungermannia quinquedentata
var. turgida Lindberg in Lindberg & Arnell, Musci Asiae Borealis
I. Kgl. Sv. Vetensk. Akad. Handl. 23 (5): 59. 1889 Tritomaria quinquedentata subsp. turgida
(Lindberg) Damsholt, Bryologist 85 (1): 96. 1982 \ Plants uniformly strongly brownish. Leaf
cells 24--26 ´ 30--45 m m in midleaf,
trigones coarse and bulging; oil bodies 5--15 per cell. Arctic and sub-Arctic fens,
bogs, and on hillsides. It is frequently associated with Antheria juratzkana,
Barbilophozia binsteadii, B. kunzeana, Blepharostoma
trichophyllum subsp. brevirete, Cephaloziella arctica,
Lophozia ventricosa, and Odontoschisma macounii; 0--3400
m; e and nw Greenland; Yukon; Alaska; Asia (Siberia). The plants grow to 4 mm in
width and the perianth is strongly ciliate-dentate with teeth 4--6 cells
long, and 2--4-stratose at base in contrast to 1--3-stratose in subsp. quinquedentata.
6. Tritomaria scitula
(T. Taylor) E. H. Jörgensen, Bergens Mus.Aarbok, Naturv. 7: 9. 1921 Jungermannia scitula T. Taylor London Jour.
Bot. 5: 274. 1846 Plants ca. 0-5--1.5 cm ´ 1.5--2 mm,
prostrate-ascending, green-brownish. Stems 0.33--0.35 mm in diam., sparsely
branching, transverse section with 1--2 cortical cells and 12--16 medullary
cells; rhizoids numerous, colorless. Leaves succubous, imbricate,
canaliculate, ovate-oblong, 0.7--1 ´ 0.6--0.8 mm,
unequally 3-lobed (occasionally 2--4-lobed); lobes acute to subacute, sinus
between lobes shallow (0.2--0.3 of the leaf length), apex rounded to
truncated, margins entire; cells subquadrate, marginal cells 16--22 ´
24--30 m
m, median cells 22--28 ´ 26--36 m m, basal cells
25--30 ´
35--55 m
m, cuticle verruculose, walls thin, trigones large (weakly bulging); oil
bodies 4--10 per cell, spherical to ovoid, 5--8 ´ 5--10 m
m, papillose; underleaves absent. Specialized asexual reproduction by
gemmae in masses at apices of shoots and tips of leaf lobes, reddish-brown,
polygonal, 16--24 ´ 20--30 ´ 15--25 m
m, 1--2-celled, smooth. Sexual condition dioicous. Androecia terminal,
male bracts similar to leaves, 2-androus, antheridial stalk 1-seriate. Gynoecia
terminal, female bracts larger than leaves, broadly oblong, 3--4-lobed
with acute sinuses. Perianths cylindrical, 4--5- plicate, mouth
ciliated with teeth 2--5 cells long. Capsule ovoid, wall 4-stratose,
both outer and interior walls with nodular thickenings, yellowish-brown. Elaters
ca. 9 m
m in diam., 2-spiral, brownish. Spores 14--16 m m,
papillose, brownish. With other bryophytes on
calcareous soil and decayed wood; 0--3500 m; e, w, nw Greenland; Alta., B.C.,
N.B., N.W.T., Nun., Que., Yukon; Alaska, Mich., Minn., Mont., Wis.; Europe. The sporophyte of this species
is very rare. Tritomaria scitula is frequently associated with Anastrophyllum
minutum, Barbilophozia binsteadii, B. floerkei,
B. lycopodioides, B. quadriloba, Blepharostoma
trichophyllum subsp. brevirete, Cephalozia pleniceps,
Jungermannia sphaerocarpa, Leiocolea heterocolpos,
Odontoschisma macounii, Plagiochila asplenioides,
Tritomaria exsectiformis, T. quinquidentata, Scapania
cuspiduligera, and S. mucronata. OTHER REFERENCES Grolle, R. and D. G. Long.
2000. An annotated check-list of the Hepa;ticae and Anthocerotae of Europe
and Macaronesia. J. Bryol. 22: 103--140. Schuster, R.M. 1958. Notes on
Nearctic Hepaticae XIII The genus Tritomaria (Lophoziaceae) in Arctic
Canada. Canad. Jour. Bot. 36: 269--288. Schuster, R. M. 1988. The Hepaticae
of South Greenland. Nova Hedwigia. Berlin. Vol. 92. Schuster, R.M. & K.
Damsholt. 1974. The Hepaticae of west Greenland from ca. 60° N to 72° N.
Copenhagen. |