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BFNA Title: Thamnobryum |
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XX. THAMNOBRYUM Nieuwland, Amer. Midl., Naturalist 5: 50. 1971 * [Greek thamnos, bush, shrub, alluding to the dendroid growth form] Plants medium-sized to robust, dark green to yellow-green,
slightly shiny to dull, dendroid, primary stem creeping, forming a stipe
perpendicular to substrate, pinnate to sparsely branched distally. Pseudoparaphyllia
foliose. Paraphyllia absent. Leaves of creeping stem appressed to
erect-spreading, deltoid, acute; margins entire; costa single; distal medial
cells irregularly rhomboidal to rectangular. Stipe leaves appressed
to erect-spreading, deltoid, 0.5--1 mm, gradually becoming ovate where the
stem branches, acute to broadly obtuse; margin entire; costa single; distal
medial cells linear, smooth to slightly prorulose, pitted to unpitted at
base. Stem leaves erect to erect-spreading, concave, ovate, broadly acute to
obtuse; margins serrate at apex, entire proximally; costa strong,
subpercurrent, 1--5 teeth along top 1/4 of costa; apical cells hexagonal,
rhombic to rhomboidal, distal medial cells and basal cells linear to
rectangular, smooth to prorulose, pitted or unpitted. Branch leaves concave, oblong-ovate to ovate, broadly acute,
acute to acuminate; apical cells rhomboidal to elongate-rhomboidal, distal
medial and basal cells rectangular. Inner
perichaetial leaves erect to
erect-spreading, oblong tapering into a subula, 1.5--2 mm, acute; margins
entire; costa single, slender, ± reaching 1/2 of the lamina; apical cells
rhomboidal, distal medial cells linear to rectangular, basal cells
rectangular, pitted. Sexual condition synoicous, autoicous
or dioicous. Seta reddish brown, 1
cm. Capsule horizontal, cylindric; exostome teeth striate at base,
becoming striate with overlying papillae, papillose at apex, trabeculate;
endostome from a high basal membrane, papillose, perforate, cilia present. Spores ca. 10 \um. Species 42 (2
in the flora): North America, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South
America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia. Thamnobryum is distinguished from other dendroid
mosses in the flora by the stout costa, and branches mostly hanging, not
upright as in Climacium. SELECTED
REFERENCE Norris, D. H. and J. R. Shevock. 2004. Contributions toward a
bryoflora of 1. Branch
leaves ovate, 1.5--2 x 0.5--0.6 mm, acute, coarsely serrate at apex, apical
cells elongate rhombic, more than 2:1
1. Thamnobryum alleghaniense 2. Branch
leaves oblong-ovate to ovate, 1--2.2
x 0.5--0.8 mm, obtuse to broadly acute, serrate at apex, apical cells
subquadrate to short-rhombic, less than 2:1
2. Thamnobryum neckeroides 1.
Thamnobryum alleghaniense (Müller
Hal.) Nieuwland, Amer. Midl. Nat. 5: 51. 1917 Hypnum
alleghaniense Müller Hal., Syn. Musc. Frond. 2: 502. 1851 Plants (3--)5--8(--10)
cm, when dry rather incurved. Stem leaves 2--3.5 x ca. 1.4 mm. Branch
leaves ovate, 1.5--2 x 0.5--0.6 mm; acute to acuminate; margin coarsely
serrate; apical cells elongate rhombic, 3--5 x ca. 1.5 \um ; medial cells
near costa short-rhomboid, longest axis 45° to costa, 3--4.5 x 1.5--2 \um, basal
cells rectangular 6--10 x 1--2 \um. Sexual
condition synoicous or autoicous. Mostly rock or
logs; commonly deeply shaded wet rock ledges, limestone cliffs, sandstone of
Hemlock hardwood forests, mixed deciduous forest; 500--1500 m; N.B., N.S.,
Ont., Que.; Ala., Ark., Conn., Ga., Ill., Ind., Ky., Maine, Md., Mass., Mo.,
N. H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Pa., S.C., Tenn., Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis.;
Europe; Asia (China). Thamnobryum alleghaniense is distinguished by the apical cells of
the branch leaves which are elongate- rhombic and the longest axis of median
cells near the costa is oriented at a 45° angle. 2. Thamnobryum neckeroides (Hooker) Hypnum
neckeroides Hooker, Musci. Exot. 1: 58. 1818 Plants (4--)6--8(--10.5)
cm. Stem leaves 2--3.2 x 1--1.7
mm. Branch leaves oblong-ovate to
ovate, 1--2.2 x 0.5--0.8 mm; apex obtuse to broadly acute; margins serrate at
apex; apical cells subquadrate to shortly rhomboidal, 2--4 x 1.5--2 \um,
median cells near costa long-rhomboid, longest axis parallel to costa, 3.5--5
x 1.5--2.5 \um, basal
cells rectangular 5--8 x 1--2 \um. Sexual
condition dioicous. Rocks, humus, base of trees, mostly on shaded banks, boulders or
cliffs; moderate elevations; B.C.; Alaska, Calif., Conn., Idaho, Mont., N.
C., N. Y., Ohio, Oreg., Pa., Wash.; Europe (Czech Republic, Germany, Italy);
Asia. Thamnobryum
neckeroides is
distinguished by the distinctly concave, almost boat shaped branch leaves,
and the rounded to broadly rounded apex. The apical laminal cells are mostly
subquadrate to short-rhomboidal and the medial cells, next to the costa, have
their longest axis parallel to the costa. SELECTED REFERENCE Mastracci, M. 2003. Thamnobryum neckeroides (Bryopsida:
Neckeraceae) lectotypification, synonymies, diagnostic characters, habitat,
and distribution. J. Bryol. 25: 115--120. |
