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BFNA Title: Neckeraceae |
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Edit level R XX. NECKERACEAE
Schimper, Coroll. Bryol. Eur., 99. 1856 Inés Sastre-De Jesús Plants medium sized to robust, glossy to dull
green, shelf-forming or dendroid. Primary
stem creeping and plants shelf-like
or turning perpendicular to substrate and forming a stipe and then plants dendroid;
in species with flattened stems forming shelves secondary branches produced
regularly along the primary creeping stem, in dendroid plants secondary branches
only produced distally. Rhizoids only
present on primary stem or on branch tips that touch a substrate. Paraphyllia present or absent, scarce
to abundant, simple or branched. Pseudoparaphyllia
filamentose to foliose. Leaves on
creeping stem appressed, erect-appressed to erect-spreading, ovate,
lanceolate to deltoid, obtuse, broadly acute to acute; margins entire to
serrulate; costa absent or present,
short and double to single; distal medial cells rhomboidal to fusiform,
smooth to papillose. Stipe leaves of
dendroid plants appressed, erect-spreading to erect, obovate, deltoid to
lanceolate, acute, margins mostly entire, plane to recurved; costa single; distal
medial cells fusiform, linear to rectangular. Leaves above stipe or on secondary branches widely erect,
erect-spreading to spreading; smooth or undulate, crisped or slightly
plicate; symmetric or asymmetric;
ovate, ovate-ligulate, oblong-ligulate, oblong-ovate, or
ovate-lanceolate, occasionally auriculate; margins at apex slightly
serrulate, serrate, or entire, mostly entire at base; apex truncate, obtuse,
obtuse-apiculate, broadly acute to acute or narrowly acute; costa short and
double or single; slender to prominent and broad; apical cells round,
oval, rhombic, or rhomboidal to
fusiform, distal medial cells rhomboidal, fusiform to linear, linear-flexuose,
basal cells linear to rectangular; smooth or prorulose, pitted or not. Sexual condition synoicous, autoicous
or dioicous. Seta short to long,
smooth. Capsule immersed to
exerted, erect, suberect to horizontal; peristome double, exostome smooth or
cross-striolate on abaxial surface, papillose distally; endostome with a low
or high basal membrane, segments linear to lanceolate, smooth to papillose, perforated along the
keel by narrow slits, cilia absent or present, when present 1--3, often
fused. Calyptra cucullate, naked or hairy. Spores 12--39 \um, papillose
to finely papillose. Genera 29,
species ca. 140 (8 genera, 13 in
the flora): temperate and tropical regions worldwide. The Neckeraceae
traditionally has included both shelf-forming (e.g., Neckera, Neckeropis, and Homalia)
and dendroid (e.g., Porotrichum and
Thamnobryum) pleurocarpous mosses.
As characterized by M. Fleisher (1906) and V. F. Brotherus (1925) the family was divided into the
Neckeroideae and Thamnioideae reflecting the two growth forms. This relationship
between these two groups has been demonstrated in phylogenetic analyses (E. De
Luna et al. 2000; H. Tsubota et al. 2004; Troitsky et al. 2007) where these
two groups are nested in a larger clade. SELECTED
REFERENCES Brotherus, V. F. 1924--1925. Musci. In A. Engler and K. Prantl,
Die natürlichen Pflansenfamilien, 2d ed. 11: 178--202. 1. Plants
dendroid, branching beyond a distinct stipe; stem and branch leaves coarsely
serrate to serrate with straight teeth. 2.
Plants dull green, stem and branch
leaves concave, erect spreading, costa stout . . . 1. Thamnobryum, p. XX 2. Plants light green and shiny, stem and branch
leaves complanate, erect, costa slender . . .7. Porotrichum, p. XX 1. Plants forming
shelves of flattened branches, branching irregularly along the creeping stem;
stem and branch leaves entire, slightly serrate to serrate, when serrate
teeth recurved. 3. Leaves with a small, oblong, adaxial basal lobe
. . . 4. Homaliadelphus, p. XX 3. Leaves unlobed. 4. Stem and branch leaves mostly imbricate. 5. Stem and branch leaves smooth, ovate to
elliptic, apex rounded-obtuse, costa single . . . . 6. Bryolawtonia, p. XX 5. Stem and branch leaves slightly plicate to
smooth, ovate to ovate-oblong, apex abruptly acute to acuminate, costa none
to short and double, rarely single . . .
5. Neomacounia, p. XX 4. Stem and branch leaves mostly erect to erect-spreading. 6. Stem and branch leaves apex obtuse, broadly
acute to acuminate, costa mostly short and double (except in N. menziesii) . . . 1. Neckera, p. XX 6. Stem and branch leaves with apex rounded to
rounded-truncate, costa mostly single. 7.
Reproductive branches with leaf-like paraphyses about the vaginula; stem and
branch leaves spreading-squarrose, smooth to mostly undulate or slightly
undulate, oblong-ligulate, apex rounded-truncate . . . 2. Neckeropsis, p. XX 7.
Reproductive branches without leaf-like paraphyses ; stem and branch leaves
erect-spreading, smooth, oblong-ovate to oblong-obovate, apex rounded . . . 3.
Homalia, p. XX |