|
BFNA Title: Bryhnia |
|
XX. Bryhnia Kaurin, Bot. Not. 1892: 61. 1892 *
[For Nils Bryhn, 1854--1916, Norwegian
bryologist] Michael S. Ignatov Plants small to rather robust, green,
yellowish, to brownish green. Stems
prostrate, with central strand, unevenly foliate, alternating cochleariform parts with moderately loose foliage or
moderately dense with very loose, irregularly to regularly pinnately
branched, branches straight, moderately densely and sub-complanate foliate;
axillary hairs 3--4-celled; juvenile branch leaves acute. Stem leaves imbricate-appressed,
erect to patent, sub-orbicular or broadly triangular and broadly acute to
ovate-lanceolate and then tapered to a long acumen, decurrent; margin serrate
distally, serrulate proximally; costa ending in distal portion of leaf, often
with a spine abaxially; laminal cells elongate-flexuose,
moderately thick-walled, sometimes forming tooth-like projections on abaxial
surface; alar cells (or sometimes only sub-alar cells) isodiametric, rather
large and thin-walled, forming indistinctly delimited group. Branch leaves narrower and smaller
than stem leaves, acute to acuminate (sharper than stem leaves), with margin
and abaxial surface of costa more strongly serrate and abaxial lamina more
toothed. Sexual condition
dioicous; perichaetial leaves with reflexed acumens. Seta brownish orange to red brown, rough. Capsule brownish orange to red brown, inclined to horizontal;
annulus separating by fragments; operculum high-conic, tapered to a broad
beak; peristome xerocastique, perfect. Spores 13--18 \um. Calyptra naked. Species ca.
5--10 (3 in the flora): North America, South America, The
circumscription of the genus Bryhnia needs a
complete re-evaluation with DNA markers. Morphology seems to be especially
misleading. In 1. Plants
small, stems to 2 cm; stem leaves narrowly ovate to lanceolate, 0.6--1.1 x
0.25--0.5 mm . . . 1. Bryhnia graminicolor 1. Plants
medium-sized to robust, stems usually much longer than 2 cm; stem leaves
broadly ovate to rounded-ovate, 1--1.4 x 0.7--1.1 mm. 2.
Stem leaves ovate-triangular, 1.1--1.5 mm, longer than broad, acute, rarely
cucullate, more or less imbricate but not julaceous (except rarely along some
portions of the stem); stems more or less closely branched, forming
moderately dense to, less commonly, loose tufts; alar cells gradually
differentiated from supra-alar cells; branch leaves ovate-lanceolate, often
with a short, twisted acumen; eastern North America . . . 2. Bryhnia novae-angliae 2.
Stem leaves broadly ovate-triangular, 0.7--1.2 mm, often shorter than 1 mm
and shorter than broad, rounded to shortly apiculate, often cucullate,
julaceous; stem sparsely branched, forming loose tufts; alar cells abruptly
differentiated from supra-alar cells; branch leaves rounded-ovate, and
twisted acumen absent except in tiny plants; Alaska . . . 3. Bryhnia hultenii 1. Bryhnia graminicolor
(Bridel) Grout, Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 25: 231. 1898 Hypnum
graminicolor Bridel, Musc. Recent. Suppl. 2: 251. 1812 Plants small, in moderately dense, soft tufts,
light green or brownish yellow, not glossy. Stems to 2 cm, prostrate to ascending, straight or flexuose, terete foliate, rather regularly pinnately
branching; branches to 5 mm, straight, terete foliate. Stem leaves usually well spaced, rigidly spreading, 0.6--1.1 x
0.25--0.5 mm, narrowly ovate to lanceolate, broadest at 1/5--1/6 of leaf
length, gradually acuminate, rounded to base, short-decurrent, not or
slightly plicate, margins plane or partially recurved, almost always below
broadest point of leaf, serrulate to serrate almost to base; costa moderately
weak, reaching 0.6--0.8 of leaf length, ending in a spine abaxially; basal
cells near costa shorter in ca. 2 rows, little differentiated from laminal
cells distally, 7--8 \um wide, thick-walled, in leaf corner subquadrate to short rectangular, 10--20 x 7--9 \um,
moderately thick-walled, forming a small group of about 4 x 4 cells,
sometimes obscured by a recurved portion of the leaf margin; laminal cells
elongate, 25--45 x 5--6 \um, strongly papillose at distal cell corner, the
rough surface of leaves easily observed under stereo-microscope and 10/x hand
lens. Branch leaves smaller and
narrower, more strongly serrulate. Seta
7--15 mm. Capsule inclined,
cylindric, not or slightly curved, about 1.6 mm, operculum high-conic and
broadly rostrate. Spores 13--15
\um. Rock faces,
crevices, and ledges, soil, often steep banks along roads and creeks, rarely
wood, moist shaded to rather open habitats; 0--900(--2040) m; Nfld. and
Labr., Ont., Que.; Ala., Ark., Conn., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind.,
Iowa, Kans., Ky., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Mo., Nebr., N.J., N.Y.,
N.C., Ohio, Okla., Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Vt., Utah, Va., W.Va., Wis. Bryhnia
graminicolor usually grows at low elevations, reaching to 900 m in the 2. Bryhnia
novae-angliae (Sullivant & Lesquereaux)
Grout, Bull. Torrey Bot. Cl. 25: 229. 1898 Hypnum
novae-angliae Sullivant & Lesquereaux,
Musci Hepaticae Plants medium-sized, in moderately loose to
dense tufts, light to dark green, or yellowish to brownish green. Stems to 10 cm, prostrate to arching,
slightly curved or flexuose, terete to
sub-complanate foliate, with rather numerous sub-dendroid
sympodial branches and with rather regular pinnate branching in some places;
branches to 7 mm, straight to slightly curved, sub-complanate to clearly
complanate-foliate. Stem leaves closely
to loosely imbricate or moderately to strongly spaced, erect to patent, in
this case twisted to contorted, 1--1.5 x 0.1--1.1 mm, broadly
ovate-triangular to ovate, broadest at 1/7 of leaf length or more proximally,
acute or gradually to abruptly shortly acuminate, rounded to base, decurrent,
not or weakly plicate, margins plane or recurved proximally, serrulate or
serrate almost to base; costa strong, reaching 0.6--0.8 of leaf length,
ending in stout spine abaxially; juxtacostal basal cells not much
differentiated from more distal cells, somewhat shorter, 10--13 \um wide, thick-walled,
cells proximal to decurrency enlarged to 30 x
12--16 \um, short-rectangular, moderately thick-walled, forming a rather
conspicuous, although relatively small pellucid group not reaching the leaf
margin; mid leaf cells elongate, rhombic-elongate distally, often distinctly flexuose, 20--40 x 4---6 \um, variable among different
leaves on the same plant, ranging from 3--8:1, often strongly prorate to
prorate-papillose on abaxial surface. Branch
leaves smaller and sometimes abruptly smaller than stem leaves and rather
uniform in their own size, ovate-lanceolate, more strongly serrate, costa
with stronger spine and cells more strongly prorate-papillose. Seta 10--20 mm. Capsule inclined to horizontal, slightly curved, 1.5--2 mm. Spores 14--18 \um. Soil,
sometimes rocks, rotten logs, wet shady places, forest, along small brooks,
wet places on slopes; 0--1900 m; N.B., Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld., Labr.), N.S.,
Ont., P.E.I., Que; Ala., Ark., Conn., Del., Ga.,
Ill., Ind., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Mo., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C.,
Ohio, Pa., R.I., Tenn., Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis.; Europe; e Asia. Bryhnia
novae-angliae is a common plant in eastern North America, reaching south
into 3. Bryhnia hultenii
E.B. Bartram in A. J. Grout, Moss Fl. No. Amer. 3:
264. 1934 Plants medium-sized, in moderately loose to
dense tufts, light green or yellowish to brownish green. Stems 2.5--7 cm, prostrate to dendroid-arching,
terete foliate, with rather numerous sub-dendroid
sympodial branches and with rather regular pinnate branching in some places;
branches to 6 mm, straight to slightly curved, terete to complanate foliate. Stem leaves closely to loosely
imbricate or moderately spaced, erect-appressed, 0.7--1.2 x 0.8--1.2, often
broader than long, broadly ovate-triangular, broadest at ca. 1/7 of leaf
length or below, broadly acute and shortly apiculate, rounded to base,
broadly and long-decurrent, strongly concave and somewhat cucullate, slightly
plicate, margins plane or partially recurved, serrulate to near base; costa
weak, reaching 0.4--0.7 the leaf length, lacking an abaxial spine;
juxtacostal basal cells shorter and wider
in 2--3 rows, indistinctly delimited from above cells, to 15 \um wide,
thick-walled; cells of leaf corner and adjacent part of decurrency
enlarged, up to 45 x 25 \um, forming a pellucid group of 5--7 x 8--14 cells,
usually totally composed of enlarged cells, distinctly delimited from
neighboring cells with a characteristic tip at leaf margin, reaching 1/2--4/5
of the distance to the costa; in mid leaf 15--40 x 6--12 \um, elongate to
rhombic, strongly flexuose, thick-walled,
noticeably larger in the concave basal region and much smaller distally,
marginal cells average 25 x 10 \um. Branch
leaves smaller, rounded-ovate, about 0.6 x 0.5 mm, with smaller cells and
almost not differentiated basal cells. Sexual
condition dioicous. Sporophytes not found. Soil and rocks
at cliff bases, under dense Alnus
canopy, bottom of gullies, sides of brooks, moderate to strong shade, wet to
mesic places; 0--300 m; Alaska; ne Asia. Records of Bryhnia hultenii from
eastern OTHER
LITERATURE Noguchi, A.
1991. Illustrated moss flora of Takaki, N. 1956. Researches on the Brachytheciaceae of Japan and its adjacent areas III. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 16: 1--71. |

