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BFNA Title: Conostomum |
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Bartramiaceae-
Conostomum 1. Conostomum Swartz in F. Weber & D.
Mohr, Naturh. Reise Schwedens 122. 1804 * [Latin conos, cone-shaped, and stoma,
opening]
Plants in dense, glaucous or yellow green
tufts. Stems 0.5--1(--8) cm, brown and radiculose below, rhizoids
smooth. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate or rarely blunt, keeled,
imbricate, appressed dry or moist, in 5 distinct rows; margins plane or
narrowly revolute in distal 1/2--2/3, serrulate to subentire; costa
percurrent to excurrent, sometimes subpercurrent in proximal leaves,
mammillose-toothed abaxially; distal cells rectangular or short-rhomboidal,
firm-walled, smooth or mammillose at distal ends on both surfaces; proximal
cells rectangular, laxer than those distally; alar cells undifferentiated. Specialized
asexual reproduction unknown. Sexual condition dioicous or
autoicous, perigonia large, cupulate or gemmiform with subclavate paraphyses;
perichaetial leaves larger than stem leaves. Seta solitary, elongate,
variable in length, smooth. Capsule erect to inclined, slightly
asymmetric, broadly obovoid to oblong from a short swollen neck, wrinkled and
furrowed when dry; annulus lacking; operculum conic, stoutly beaked, usually
oblique; peristome single or, rarely, lacking, teeth linear-lanceolate,
smooth to somewhat papillose at base, narrowly bordered, fused at the tips
forming a perforated cone. Spores large, nearly smooth to coarsely
papillose. Species 7--15
(1 in the flora); North America; Mexico; West Indies; South America; Europe;
Asia; Africa; Pacific Islands. SELECTED
REFERENCES Crum, H.A.
and L.E. Anderson. 1981. Mosses of Eastern North America. Vol. 1, pp.
641-642. New York. Flowers, S. 1935. Conostomum.
In: A.J. Grout, ed. 1935. Moss Flora of North America 2(3): 154. Newfane,
Vermont. Frahm, J.-P., Heike Borner, Nikola Streiber, Bernd Wallau and Stefan
Weitkus. Revision der Gattung Conostomum
(Musci; Bartramiaceae). Trop. Bryol. 12: 97--114. Lawton, E. 1971. Moss Flora
of the Pacific Northwest. Nichinan. 1. Conostomum tetragonum (Hedwig) Lindberg, Oefv. K. Ak. Forh.
20: 392. 1863 Mnium tetragonum
Hedwig, Spec. Musc. 73: 1801; Conostomum
boreale Swartz Plants in dense, glaucous, sometimes
yellowish tufts. Stems simple or forked, erect, 0.5--3 cm. Leaves
narrowly lanceolate, not clasping, 1--1.5 mm, stiffly erect in 5 rows;
margins slightly revolute in distal half, serrulate near apex; costa stout,
subpercurrent at least in proximal leaves to excurrent, rough abaxially
distally; distal laminal cells rectangular to short-rhomboidal, thick-walled,
24--30 × 7--8 µm, smooth or mamillose from
distal ends. Sexual condition dioicous, perichaetial leaves subulate
from an ovate base, 2--2.5 mm. Seta 8--25 mm, yellowish red to brown,
flexuose. Capsule ovoid with a short neck, somewhat furrowed when dry,
2--2.5 mm; operculum obliquely rostrate; peristome teeth elongate lanceolate,
reddish orange to dark brown with a narrow yellow border, smooth throughout
or finely papillose at base, perforate and connate at apex. Spores
spherical to reniform, 41--52 µm, coarsely papillose. Capsules
mature June--Aug. Thin soil, cliff ledges or among boulders, often on
waterlogged soils of late season snow melt; 0--2200 m; Greenland; Alta, B.C.,
N.B., Nfld., N.W.T., Nun., Que., Yukon; Alaska, Maine, Mont., Oreg., N.H.,
N.Y., Wash.; Europe; c. and n Asia. This species
is easily recognized by the glaucous, stiffly erect leaves in 5 rows and the
apically fused peristome teeth. Philonotis
seriata (known only from Greenland
in the flora area), shares the pentastichous leaf arrangement, but the leaf
cells of Philonotis seriata are prorulose at the proximal
ends and the peristome teeth are free. |
