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BFNA Title: Anacolia |
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Edit Level R
Brum + Kiger+ Bartramiaceae-Anacolia 3. ANACOLIA
Schimper, Syn. Musc. Eur. ed. 2, 2: 513.
1876, name conserved * [Greek ana, short, Latin col, neck, alluding to capsule neck
absent or nearly so] Plants small to moderately robust, yellowish
green to green above and reddish brown below, occasionally vinaceous, in
dense to loose tufts. Stems 1--5 cm, erect to ascending, simple or
fastigiate, octagonal in cross section, with prorulose epidermis, usually
densely reddish radiculose proximally with felt-like rhizoids. Leaves
imbricate, appressed when dry, not sheathing, erect to spreading or recurved
when moist, mostly narrowly lanceolate from an ovate base, sometimes broader
or narrower above; margins revolute in distal half, occasionally almost to
base, 1--3-stratose (sometimes 3--4-stratose at margins), singly or doubly
serrate; costa stout, percurrent to long-excurrent; cells variable, mostly
oblong to linear or quadrate, thick-walled, strongly prorulose to nearly
smooth, basal cells usually shorter and broader, sometimes linear near costa.
Specialized asexual reproduction not known. Sexual condition
dioicous, perigonia and perichaetia terminal, appearing lateral by
innovations, perichaetial leaves scarcely distinct. Seta solitary,
short, to 2--12 mm, straight or somewhat curved, smooth. Capsule erect
to inclined, globose to ovoid or short-cylindric, leptodermous, irregularly
wrinkled when dry, neck lacking or very short, mouth small, annulus lacking
or scarcely developed; operculum low-convex to conic-obtuse; peristome none
or of a low membrane or of 16 short, fragile teeth, usually falling early,
endostome rare, very faint. Spores globose to reniform, warty or
coarsely papillose. Species
4 (2 in the flora): North America, South America; Europe, Asia, Africa. Anacolia is recognized by its imbricate,
appressed leaves, which are borne on prorulose stems that are felty tomentose
below. When fertile, the usually erect, irregularly wrinkled capsules are
distinctive. Within the flora area, Anacolia
is confined to western North America. SELECTED REFERENCE Flowers, S. 1952.
Monograph of the genus Anacolia. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 79: 161--185. 1.
Distal cells of leaf prorulose at both ends on both surfaces, inner basal
cells linear; distal lamina 2--3-stratose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Anacolia laevisphaera 1.
Distal cells of leaf smooth or with a few cells bearing low prorulae on
abaxial side; inner basal cells quadrate or short-rectangular; distal lamina
1--2-stratose . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. 2. Anacolia menziesii 1. Anacolia laevisphaera (Taylor) Flowers in A. J. Grout, Moss
Fl. N. Amer. 2: 155. 1935 Glyphocarpa laevisphaera
Taylor, London J. Bot. 5: 56. 1846 Plants in loose to dense tufts, yellow green
or reddish. Stems 1--5 cm. Leaves imbricate when dry or with
distal leaves divaricate, spreading to recurved when moist, narrowly
ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, 2--6.5 mm; margins coarsely doubly serrate
distally; costa excurrent to long-excurrent, rough on back; distal cells
2-stratose toward costa and 3--4 stratose at margins, short-rectangular to
linear, to 45 × 3--7 µm, prorulose at both ends, basal
cells subquadrate, grading to short-rectangular toward margins, to 20 µm × 10--12 µm. [Seta 2--8 mm, straight, reddish. Capsule
subglobose to ovoid, 2--3 mm; operculum low conic; peristome none. Spores
23--28 µm.] Dry to moist
soil, often in rock crevices or on talus slopes; 1000--1650 m; s Ariz., Colo,
N.Mex.; Mexico; West Indies; Central America; South America; Asia; Africa. The
prominently prorulose leaf cells and the well differentiated cells of the
leaf base distinguish this species from Anacolia
menziesii. When sterile, Bartramia stricta may be mistaken for A.
laevisphaera. 2. Anacolia menziesii (Turner) Paris, Actes Soc. Linn.
Bordeaux, sér. 5, 6: 27. 1894 Bartramia menziesii
Turner, Ann. Bot. (König & Sims) 1: 525.
1805; Anacolia menziesii var. baueri (Hampe) Paris Plants in dense, yellow green to reddish
brown tufts. Stems 3--5 cm, ascending to erect. Leaves erect,
imbricate when dry, spreading when moist, narrowly lanceolate from an ovate
base, 2.5--4.5 mm, plicate along both sides, straight to slightly falcate,
margins revolute above (sometimes almost to base), singly or doubly serrate
above; lamina 1(--2)-stratose along distal margins; costa percurrent to
long-excurrent; distal laminal cells rectangular to oblong, to 25 × 4--10 µm, smooth or prorulose at distal or proximal end;
basal cells shorter and wider, mostly smooth. Seta 5--12 mm. Capsule
erect to inclined, globose to ovoid or short-cylindric, 2--2.8 mm, fragile
and often split, mouth small, exothecial cells quadrate, intensely colored
below mouth; operculum conic obtuse; peristome mostly lacking, variously
developed when present and usually broken, occasionally as a low thin
membrane below mouth. Spores 18--32 µm. Capsules
mature Feb.--Aug.; rocks, ledges and ravines, often in shady canyons,
occasionally soil; 500--2200 m; B.C.; Alaska, Calif., Colo., Idaho, Mont.,
Nev., Oreg., Utah, Wash., nw Wyo.;
Mexico (Baja Califorinia Norte). The less
prorulose leaf cells and lack of sharp distinction between inner and outer
basal cells of the leaf aid in distinguishing this species from A. laevisphaera.
Anacolia menziesii var. baueri,
is moderately distinct from the type variety by virtue of more elongate
capsules but is not recognized here. |
