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BFNA Title: Buxbaumiaceae |
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Level R Brum+ C+ BUXBAUMIACEAE W. B. Schofield Plants microscopic, annual
or perennial from persistent protonema.
Archegoniate plants composed of a perichaetium of a few, mainly
non-chlorophyllose ecostate leaves that enclose very few archegonia. Antheridial plants reduced to a
1-stratose, 2-lipped structure enclosing a single spherical antheridium,
arising from a short branch of the protonema.
Seta elongate. Capsule
usually obliquely oriented, the upper face flat or bulging and often
distinguished from the lower by a perimeter ridge, broadly ovate to
lance-cylindric; operculum conic, nearly perpendicular to the upper face of
the capsule; peristome with endostome
16-pleated, a hyaline cone, exostome of one or more rows of articulated
teeth, irregular in number, sometimes rudimentary. Calyptra smooth,
conic, barely covering operculum, early deciduous. Genera
1, species 12 (1 genus, 4 species in the flora): widely distributed in
temperate to subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere, scattered in the
tropics, Australia, Pacific Islands (New Zealand). SELECTED
REFERENCES Edwards, S. R. 1984. Homologies and inter-relationships of moss
peristomes: Buxbaumiaceae. In: R. M. Schuster, ed. 1983--1984. New Manual of Bryology. 2 vols. Nichinan. Vol. 2, pp. 680--683. 1.
BUXBAUMIA Hedwig, Spec. Musc. Frond., 166. 1801 *
[For J. C. Buxbaum, 1693--1730,
its discoverer] Archegoniate
plants
of 1-stratose, ovate to ovate-lanceolate leaves, leaves with ciliate or jagged margins. Seta erect, rough, red-brown when
mature, 3--15 mm, bulging where it joins the oblique capsule. Sporophytes
appear autumn, capsules mature spring. Species 12 (4 in the flora): North
America, Europe, Asia, Buxbaumia plants are unlikely to
be seen unless sporophytes are present.
No other genus in 1. Upper face of
capsule, when mature, with a shiny ridge bounding the margin of the face. 2. Capsule glossy, dark chestnut red-brown
when mature, broadly ovoid, the face nearly perpendicular to the seta . . . . 1. Buxbaumia aphylla 2. Capsule dull brown to greenish-brown when
mature, narrowly ovoid, the face strongly oblique to the seta . . . . 3. Buxbaumia
piperi 1. Upper face of
capsule, when mature, not or weakly bounded by a marginal ridge, but
gradually merging with lower face . 3. Exterior membrane of upper face of capsule
splitting irregularly longitudinally and curling outward or inward,
opalescent; capsule ovoid . . . . 4. Buxbaumia
viridis 3. Exterior membrane of upper face intact when
mature, not opalescent, generally dull; capsule narrowly ovoid to
cylindric . . . . 2. Buxbaumia minakatae 1. Buxbaumia aphylla Hedwig, Spec. Musc.
Frond., 166. 1801 Seta 4--11 mm, straight. Capsule,
when mature, broadly ovoid, 3--7 mm and nearly as wide, rich glossy chestnut
brown, upper face flattened and sharply differentiated from the lower by a
dark brown ridge, oblique or nearly at right angles to the seta. Spores
6--8 mm. Capsules
mature late spring--autumn. Decaying wood, humus, sometimes shallow acid soil
and soil depressions on rock outcrops, mainly in well-illuminated to somewhat
shaded sites; widespread but rarely abundant, Alta. B.C., N.B., Nfld., N.S.,
Ont., P.E.I., Que.; Alaska, Colo., Conn., Del., Ill., Iowa, Maine, Mass.,
Mich., Mont., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ore., Vt., Va., Wash.; Europe; Asia;
Pacfic Islands (New Zealand). SELECTED
REFERENCE Hancock, J. A. and G. R.
Brassard. 1974. Phenology, sporophyte production and life
history of Buxbaumia aphylla in 2. Buxbaumia minakatae
S.
Okamura, Bot. Mag. ( Buxbaumia
subcylindrica
Grout Seta 3--5 mm, straight to
somewhat arcuate. Capsule when mature narrowly ovoid to nearly
cylindric, 3--5 mm, dull brown to rusty-brown, the upper face not strongly
differentiated from the lower, slightly oblique to the seta or nearly
erect. Spores 12--13 mm.
Capsules
mature late summer--autumn. Soft decaying decorticated logs in deciduous to
mixed forest; 20--150 m; very rare: Nfld., N.S., Ont.; Buxbaumia
piperi
has occasionally been confused with this species, but the sporangium shape
(narrowly ovate to cylindric) and the shorter, often arcuate seta separate B.
minakatae; B. piperi has a longer, straight seta and ovate
sporangium. A report of Buxbaumia indusiata l(A. J. Grout 1928--1940, vol. 1) was based
on misidentifications of eastern North American material. 3. Buxbaumia piperi Best, Bull.Torrey Bot.
Club 20: 116. 1893 Seta 3--6 mm, straight to
somewhat arcuate. Capsule when
mature ovoid to narrowly ovoid, 3--5 mm, the upper face with a perimeter
ridge differentiating it from the lower, dull brown to greenish brown, not
glossy. Spores 7--12 mm. Capsules
mature late summer--autumn. Commonly on rotten decorticated logs, but also on
humus banks, mainly subalpine but also occasionally to near sea level, mainly
in coniferous forest; 5--1500 m; Alta., B.C.; Alaska, Calif., Colo., Idaho,
Mont., Ore., Wash. This
endemic species may resemble Buxbaumia aphylla, but the sporangium is
never glossy chestnut when mature, but is dull and greenish-brown; the
exostome is in 2--3 rows rather than one row as in B. aphylla. SELECTED
REFERENCE Ligrone, R. R. et al. 1982.
Gametophyte and sporophyte ultrastructure in Buxbaumia piperi (Buxaumiaceae, Musci). J. Hattori. Bot. Lab. 52: 465--499. 4. Buxbaumia viridis (de Candolle) de
Candolle in J. B. Mougeot et al., Stirp. Crypt. Vogeso-Rhen. 8: no. 724. 1823 Buxbaumia aphylla var viridis de Candolle in J. Lamarck and
A. P. de Candolle, Fl. Franç. ed.
3, 6: 227. 1815; B. indusiata Bridel Seta 5--10 mm,
straight. Capsule, when mature,
ovoid, 3--5 mm, stamineous to opalescent and glossy, oblique face gradually
differentiated from the lower, with the exterior membrane splitting
longitudinally and incurved or curved outward when drying. Spores 8--12 mm.
Capsules
mature late summer--autumn. Decorticated wood or humus banks in coniferous
forest; mainly at subalpine elevations; Alta., B.C.; |
