Correspondence of Charles Peck and G. W. Clinton
Edited by P. M. Eckel
Res Botanica
Missouri Botanical Garden
October 13, 2005
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The Correspondence of

Charles Peck (1833-1917) and

George William Clinton (1807 1885)

 

1865 Part 1

 


 

Vol 1. (1) [I 227]

 

[Letterhead: University of the State of New York, Secretary's Office. Albany, May 10, 1865

 

My dear Doctor,

 

I had hoped to see you at the meeting, but alas! how liable are human hopes to disappointment!! The printing of the Cabinet Report has commenced. I enclose you the proof of the Report proper. Please to look it over, correct as you see fit. I also enclose the table of contents & Paine's title to his article. Is it all right as it stands in the table. His paper seems not to correspond with that. Where is your paper. Please return answer  & paper at the earliest moment. 

 

Hon. S. B. Woolworth

 

[written in left margin:] Is "Rev. L. Holzer, Rochester," right?

 

Received May 11 & answered

 

In 1865 John Paine Jr. would publish a "Catalogue of the Plants of Oneida County and Vicinity", which was "virtually a flora of the entire [New York] State north of the Hudson highland" (Homer House, 1924, New York flora, p. 6). The manuscript (Mss.) mentioned here is that being prepared for press: Catalogue of Plants Found in Oneida County and Vicinity. 18th Annual Report of the Regents of the State of New York, pp. 53-192. Albany, 1865.

 

Since the Chancellor's introduction to the 18th report is dated March 22, 1865 and Woolworth's letter is dated May of that year, one might presume that the actual issue date was in the second half of 1865. S. B. Woolworth was Secretary of the Regents of the State University of New York. Clinton was a Regent as well.

 

In the same volume as Paine's Oneida flora would be Charles Peck's first publication, his "Catalogue of Mosses presented to the State of New-York by" pp. 193-196 representing 144 species. "Your paper" refers to another paper in the 18th annual report: "Facts and Observations touching the flora of the State of New-York" by "one of the Regents." Although the paper is anonymous, Woolworth's letter rather confirms that Clinton was the author. In the previous year (1864) Clinton had published his "Preliminary List of the plants of Buffalo and its Vicinity." in the 17th Annual Report.

 

Earlier in the year (1865), on January 25, after a visit with Asa Gray in Cambridge, Clinton wrote in his journal: "    My time, at Albany, since my return from Cambridge, was taken up with matters concerning the Herbarium belonging to the State, & in collecting matter for and drafting the Annual Report on the State of the Cabinet.

    Charles F. Peck, the muscologist, spent some time with me in the Curator's Room, & so did Henry B. Lord & his wife." This appears to have been Clinton's first introduction to Peck. Before meeting Clinton, Peck had been working at the State Museum with James Hall while teaching at the State Street High School in Albany (Cass' Institute). It was during this time that Peck prepared his bryological work for the 18th Report of 1865.

    Peck's botanical responsibilities were more inclusive than just mosses and liverworts. On January 27 Clinton wrote that he was in communication with Peck regarding making collections of Onosmodium in the plains area in and around the city of Buffalo, New York, where Clinton resided.

  On March 31, Clinton wrote that he "Walked to White's Grove (an area in or near Forest Lawn Cemetery]. 2 Ranunculus fascicularis, had put forth each an opening flowerbud. Gathered 2 or 3 mosses, and mailed one of them (capsule sessile) to Charles H. Peck of Albany."

 

On May 1: " To date, this spring, have collected & had identified by Mr. Peck 15 mosses & one Liverwort."

 

 


 

Vol 1. (4) [I 224]

 

Albany, May 16th, 1865

 

My Dear Sir,

 

Your letter of the 15th inst. [=instant] was just received. The moss is Physcomitrium pyriforme Br. & Sch. It is much smaller than Funaria hygrometrica and has the capsule more erect and differently shaped. The liverwort is Marchantia polymorpha. The part you allude to is not fruit but a growth which is mentioned in the description as "lentil‑shaped gemmae in cup‑like receptacles on the back of the frond."

 

Mr. Pratt presented to me, the other day, your suggestion to make a Catalogue of the mosses hitherto found in our state, for the present Report of the Regents. Will it not be better to defer this Catalogue till the next Report? I am under the impression that the Report is issued every year and that the present one is already nearly printed. I can make the Catalogue much more complete then than I can now. In it I would give the habitat of all the species, the locality of the less common ones and the time of maturing the fruit so far as is practicable. This last item is uncertain in my mind yet, in several species, but I can determine it in the course of the season by observation.

 

Besides I shall doubtless add several new species to the list already known, during the summer. I found one not hitherto detected in the state, on Saturday last, on the Helderberg Mts. ‑ Barbula convoluta.

 

Mr. Adee has already sent me another, ‑ Funaria flavicans. He gave no locality but I suppose he found it within our liimits. I have sent for the locality and more specimens.

 

I think perhaps in view of the much greater completeness of the Catalogue we had better not try to hurry it into the present Report. By next winter I will have it ready and as correct as possible.

 

I send a bit of Funaria hygrometrica picked up yesterday. The capsules are not yet entirely ripe.

 

Yours truly

 

Charles H. Peck

 

Judge G. W. Clinton

 

Recieved May 17 [1865]

 

In the next year, Peck was to publish his checklist: Peck, Charles H. 1866. "List of Mosses of the State of New-York" pp. 42-70 (musci and hepaticae).19th Annual Report of the Regents of the University of the State of New York, on the Condition of the State Cabinet of Natural History, and the Historical and Antiquarian Collection Annexed Thereto. State of New York Senate document no. 89.

 

It appears that Clinton was anxious to have Peck produce a manuscript for the 1865  annual Regents' report in which Paine's Oneida flora would appear as well as his anonymous "Observations." Peck protested, noting, as in Woolworth's letter above that the report was already in proof. Apparently Peck would be rushed into preparing his donation list as a publication to have a presence in the 18th report. At this point, Peck was more of a protégée of James Hall than Clinton's, having worked for Hall for some years prior to 1865, at the end of which (actually early January 1866) Hall would be appointed Curator of the State Cabinet and in a position to put Peck forward as custodian of its herbarium. As Paine would be applying for this job as well, with fine qualifications as the Oneida flora was a suberb work, it was important for Peck to come forward with a rival proposal, a circumstance that neither Peck nor Paine understood at this time.

 

The Physcomitrium is probably the moss referred to above by Clinton for March 31. Alvey Augustus Adee (1842-1924), born in New York State, ended up being an American diplomat for 50 years in the State Department, being made chief of the Diplomatic Bureau in 1878 when W. M. Evarts served as Secretary of State. During Adee's correspondence with Clinton, he lived at, or received his correspondence at 42 & 44 Nassau St., New York, then 54 Exchange Place, New York. The Exchange Place address was the office of Adee's brother.

Vol. 1. 78. I 143. Peck was to acknowledge a specimen of Funaria flavicans "Damp clayey soil in woods. Staten Island, A. A. Adee" ; also Hypnum microcarpum, C. Mull. (= Sematophyllum adnatum (Michx.) Britt.) "Rotten tree-roots in woods, Staten Island, A. A. Adee." (Peck 1866).

 

The first letter in Clinton's correspondence with Adee is as follows and indicates his initial relationship with Peck as well as the talent for diplomacy he exhibits:

 

[In a very elegant hand.]

42 & 44 Nassau St.

New York, July 18, 1865

My dear Sir,

    Many thanks for your consideration and kindness in sending me the paper containing an account of your 4th of July oration. Its receipt gave me great pleasure and I was much pleased in reading it to notice the agreement of the views you express with the humble opinions I had formed on the same subjects.

    I write this in haste, for I have been confined to Staten Island for three or four days by a slight illness, and on my return to my brother's office I find a small pile of correspondence awaiting my attention which I lack the determination and indeed the strength to attack. I have not made much progress in botany this year, though I have collected, pressed and counted nearly a hundred plants. Desiring [to] make hay while the sun shines, my brother and myself have resumed our search for a country place which was suspended last year by the advent of a most inclement winter. For a month past we have been looking most assiduously, and are now engaged in making the preliminary negotiations for a place at Plainfield, N.J. What will come of it I do not know. I sincerely hope that our search will end in success, for I sadly need a place of deposit for the countless etceteras that accumulate around me daily.   

    I have enjoyed a very pleasant and instructive correspondence with Mr. Peck, thanks to your kind introduction to him. He has been untiring in his efforts to render me assistance in the cloudy paths of bryology. I have found that he is an adept in the science of entomology, a branch of study in which I have taken some interest, and this has served to make a still stronger bond of friendship between us.

    I presume you can inform me whether the Report of the Regents for this year has been yet issued. I wrote to Dr. Woolworth two months since, and he promised to send me a copy as soon as issued.

    I hope that you now have many opportunities to enjoy your favorite study in these warm months. The summer vacations of the courts and the stagnation of business in the heated terms probably give you a great increase of leisure. I hope you may be fortunate enough to come across Silvia natans in one of your rambles and thus restore it to the place Pursh assigned to it in our Flora.

    Hoping that you will excuse the rambling and hasty character of this note, I remain, with best wishes, for your welfare.

    Very truly your young friend

    Alvey Augustus Adee.

Recd. July 11 ansd 17th

 

 


 

Vol 1. (5) [I 223]

 

 

Albany, May 17th, 1865

 

Judge Clinton

 

My Dear Sir,

 

Your specimen from Grand Island is the same species as the one in the previous letter i.e. Physcomitrium pyriforme Br. & Sch. This however is of larger growth than the other.

 

It is a species common in rather damp or clayey soil and is now in excellent condition for collecting ‑ the fruit being nearly ripe.

 

Yours truly

 

Charles H. Peck

 

Recieved May 28

 

 

Physcomitrium pyriforme Note: this species requires the capsule to be identified satisfactorily. It is past due by the end of May and must be found just after the snows melt during the season of the vascular spring ephemerals . On May 15 Clinton visited Grand Island by rowing there (downstream) and then hitching a ride, or tow, back upstream to Buffalo by the ferry, a steam boat named the Undine. No mention of mosses was made in Clinton's collecting journal for the day.

 


 

Vol 1. (6) [I 222]

 

Albany, May 18th, 1865

 

My Dear Sir,

 

Yours of the 17th is at hand. The Polytrichum is Polytrichum juniperinum Hedw. It differs from P. commune in its more glaucous color and its entire leaves (in that species they are serrate). 

 

The tree‑like moss is Climacium Americanum Brid. We have another species, C. dendroides, but it is very rare. The others are,

 

No. 1 Hypnum orthocladon Beauv.

 

No. 2 Hypnum hispidulum Brid.

 

No. 3 Bryum bimum Schreb.

 

No. 4 Hypnum rutabulum L.

 

No. 5 Barbula caespitosa Schwaegr.

 

No. 6 Barbula tortuosa Web. & Mohr

 

No. 7 Hypnum radicale Brid.

 

No. 8 Fegetella conica Cord. (Liverwort)

 

No. 3 and 6 I have never found. Mr. Lesquereux found No. 3 near Saratoga and No. 6 on rocks on Goat Island, where you locate yours. I wish you could find a good supply of both and send me. I return these two specimens that there may be no mistake in them. They will both be in better condition for collecting in two or three weeks.

 

Yours truly

 

Charles H. Peck

 

Judge G. W. Clinton

 

P.S. Nos 1 and 7 are both very variable and seem to almost if not quite run into each other. 1 is most often found on wet rocks or moist ground, 7, on decaying wood or roots of trees.

 

Received May 19

 

Peck's correspondence with Leo Lesquereux of Columbus, Ohio, where he was the student of William Starling Sullivant, preceeded that with Clinton.

 

The correspondence of Leo Lesquereux to George Clinton for the year 1865 is posted on line with the present letters of Peck.

 

On May 13, Clinton took the train north from Buffalo to the village of Suspension Bridge, now in the City of Niagara Falls in the neighborhood that faces the Lower Arch Suspension Bridge and botanized in the wood (Whirlpool Wood). Clinton made no mention in his collecting journal that this wood was in Canada, so it is presumed he collected these in the wood facing the Whirlpool on the American side, reached by the stone steps to the north of DeVeaux College down which one would descend to the water's edge in the Niagara River Gorge. At the base of the steps, one would turn left (facing upstream) to approach the Whirlpool.

 


 

Vol 1. (10) [I 218]

 

Albany, May 23d 1865

 

My Dear Sir,

 

Yours of the 19th inst was received yesterday. I would name the specimens as follows:

 

1 Sphagnum cymbifolium Dill. Probably S. latifolium is a synonym, but I do not know certainly.

 

2 Hypnum Crista‑Castrensis L. Rather more slender than usual, as if it had grown cramped among other mosses.

 

3 Leucobryum vulgare Hampe L. glaucum is a synonym

 

4 & 5 Both are Hypnum splendens Hedw.

 

It is a common species in hilly wooded districts growing abundantly on the ground and on rocks. It is in good fruiting condition in June when it may be obtained with the operculum on the fruit. 

 

6 Dicranum montanum Hedw. 

 

This is a beauty and a prize. I have never before seen it, and it is quite rare. It is credited in the manual to Goat Island near Niagara Falls where Mr. Lesquereux found it growing on dead trunks of trees. Probably you collected it yourself in this locality. I wish you could get more of it and send some. It probably fruits in July and August as do most of the Dicrana of its section. Mr. James of Phila. Pa. found it on the White Mts., also near Andover Mass.

 

7 Dicranum undulatum Turn.

 

8 Neckera pennata Hedw.

 

9 Hypnum delicatulum L.

 

10 Same as 8 but not so large

 

11 Mnium spinulosum Br. Eur.

 

12 Mnium punctatum Hedw and Mnium affine Bland. I return the two in separate papers. The latter may be distinguished at once by the color of the pedicels which are red below, pale yellow above. I also send a bit of this species with more than one pedicel.

 

13 Polytrichum juniperinum as you supposed. We have two species with entire leaves ‑ this one and P. piliferum which is smaller and has a long colorless hairpoint to the leaves, this hair point giving the plant a hoary appearance. It grows in more mountainous places usually.

 

14 Marchantia polymorpha as you say. The fringed disk belongs to the fertile or female flowers, the one with entire or crenate margin to the male.

 

Thanks for the correction of my error in the use of the interrogation (?) I have observed it in both positions in printed Catalogues but reason affirms that the one you assign is the correct one.

 

Yours truly

 

Charles H. Peck

 

Judge G. W. Clinton

 

Received May 24.

 

 

On May 22, Clinton wrote in his journal that he visited Smoke's Creek, a lovely stream that flows west into Lake Erie just south of Buffalo: "?!, This season, until today, I have collected very little. I have enjoyed grabbing mosses & sending them to Mr. Charles H. Peck, for determination."

 


 

Vol 1. (14) [I 214]

 

Albany, May 27th 1865

 

My Dear Sir,

 

Yours of the 26th inst. I just received. Do not hesitate to send me a sample of all the mosses you find, for I am as anxious to receive them as you possibly can be to send them. You have already sent me 2 or 3 which I had not found here and will doubtless find several more new ones.

 

I did not receive the specimens 1 ‑ 8 from Squaw Island May 18th. Send them on by all means; also the 2 remaining ones mentioned.

 

I did receive the Hepatica of the 22nd. It is Radula complanata Dum. Pardon me for not answering it.  I thought, as it was a singly specimen and had been sent before, I would give you its name with the next installment, which I hoped to receive in a few days. There is not much difference in the form of the capsules of Mnium affine and Mnium punctatum after they have discharged their contents and are old. But those of Mnium punctatum are more inclined to an oval or oblong oval shape before they are deoperculated. I send you good specimens of both species with the operculum yet on the capsules. The leaves of Mnium punctatum are entire on the margin, those of Mnium affine are serrated with spine like teeth, but this can only be seen when moistened and viewed with a microscope or pretty good lens.

 

I am sorry you have lost our Fissidens minutulus, as it is late now to find it good. It is good late in autumn or in early spring. I will look up the specimen you sent me and return it. It was a good one and I laid it one side so carefully that I can not now put my hand on it and I must hurry to the cars as I am going out ot town to day.

 

Yours truly

 

Charles H. Peck

 

Judge G. W. Clinton

 

Received May 28

 

On March 18 Clinton visited Squaw Island at the foot of Ferry Street in the city of Buffalo, one of several islands close to the mainland shore in the Niagara River, elongated parallel to the river channel and usually at the mouth of a mainland creek that flows oddly perpendicularly as a tributary into the main stem river.

 

The hepatica of the 22d may have derived from Smoke's Creek.


 

Vol 1. (15) [I 213]

 

Albany, May 29th /65

 

Judge Clinton.

 

My Dear Sir,

 

I wrote in such haste on Saturday that I had not time to look up the specimen of Fissidens minutulus which you sent me. I now return it, as you have lost yours and desire one for reference. This species is rather common but not abundant. I have found it in several places but always in limited quantity. It grows on stones or the ground in shaded ravines. Fissidens bryoides, which resembles it, but has an excurrent costa to the leaves, is sometimes found growing in and around flower pots in conservatories. I have a specimen from such a habitat in New York City.

 

I went out to Center, a station midway between Albany and Schenectady, on Saturday and found, in a wet place by the side of the Rail Road, Bryum bimum. You therefore need not take pains to look after that species for me, but do not forget Barbula tortuosa. I think it will be good early in June.

 

Of flowering plants I found, for the first time Moehringia lateriflora and Smilacina stellata. Viola lanceolata grows in a swamp near the station and Trillium cernuum, also close by. Your Catalogue I believe calls only for the S. stellata of these species, and that in fruit.

 

Yours truly

 

Charles H. Peck

 

Received May 30

 


 

Vol 1. (23) [I 205]

 

Albany, June 2nd 1865

 

My Dear Sir,

 

Your letter of May 18th with mosses from Squaw Island was not received till this morning, through some carelessness or neglect of U. S. officials as it was post marked "May 18".

 

1 Hypnum orthocladon Beauv.

 

2 is the same mixed with sterile Bryum

 

3 Barbula unguiculata Hedw.

 

4 Bryum intermedium Brid.

 

I detected this species in this vicinity, the first time, May 27th. Mr. Adee has also sent me a bit of it. I can scarcely distinguish it from Bryum caespiticium except by examination with the microscope which reveals hermaphrodite  inflorescence in B. intermedium and dioecious, in B. caespiticium. Bryum bimum also has the inflorescence hermaphrodite but it is larger, coarser and more "lurid‑green" than B. intermedium and usually grows in more wet places.

 

5 Hypnum orthocladon Beauv.

 

6 Bryum bimum Schreb.

 

7 Funaria hygrometrica as you say. There is some sterile Bryum intermixed, but the fruiting specimens are all as you give.

 

8 Hypnum orthocladon.

 

This you see is a very variable species. I believe Mr. Sullivant in his "Icones" writes H. orthocladon, H. radicale and one or two other species all under one name, they appear to be so closely connected by intermediate forms.

 

I am collecting a good supply of duplicate specimens of mosses, and also duplicates of many of my flowering plants with a view to future exchanges, so that at the end of the season I shall be prepared to exchange. I am much pleased with my new correspondent, Mr. Adee; and any more like him, whose acquaintance you may aid me in forming, will be duly appreciated.

 

Do not fear to send mosses, lest you should occupy too much of my time. These things are interesting to me, and I would gladly examine and name them for you, to the best of my ability, were it only for the sake of exercising that kind and generous spirit which has so often been extended to me and which all students of nature ought to possess; but aside from all this I am thereby only benefitting myself by extending my knowledge of and acquaintance with these interesting little plants.

 

Yours truly

 

Charles H. Peck

 

Judge G. W. Clinton

 

Received June 3

 

 


 

Vol 1. (24) [I 204]

 

Albany, June 5th 1865

 

My Dear Sir,

 

The mosses from Squaw Island, Goat Island, Smokes Creek &c. were received this morning. Those from Squaw Island it seems you have sent twice, through their delay in reaching me; but I will repeat their names.

 

1 Hypnum orthocladon Beauv.

 

2 Hypnum orthocladon Beauv. as you suspected

 

3 Barbula unquiculata Hedw.

 

4 Bryum intermedium Brid.

 

5 same as 1

 

6 Bryum bimum Schreb.

 

7 Funaria hygrometrica Hedw.

 

8 same as 1

 

9 Hypnum hispidulum Brid.

 

The 2 tall ones with pendulous capsules are Bryum caespiticium L.

 

10 Ceratodon purpureus Brid.

 

11 Aulacomnion heterostichum Br. & Sch. 12 Atrichum undulatum Beauv.

 

13 Mnium cuspidatum Hedw.

 

14 Hypnum rutabulum L.

 

15 Hypnum hispidulum Brid. in fruit

 

Hypnum strigosum Hoffm. sterile but larger and most conspicuously leafy.

 

16 same as 13

 

17 Aulacomnion heterostichum Br. & Sch.

 

‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑**‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑

 

18 Hypnum radicale Brid.

 

19 Hypnum laetum Brid. both [18 and 19] small forms

 

20 Ceratodon purpureus Brid.

 

21 Hypnum curvifolium Hedw.

 

22 Hypnum radicale Scarcely separate from small forms of H. orthocladon

 

23 Hypnum orthocladon There is some Bryum with it, easily known by its nodding capsules.

 

24 The capsules belong to a single stem of Hypnum curvifolium. The rest is sterils Hypnum delicatulum.

 

25 Same as 23

 

26 Physcomitrium pyriforme Br. & Sch.

 

27 Same as 21

 

28 Bryum bimum in fruit, but the most abundant stems are sterile Leskea rostrata

 

‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑**‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑

 

29 Gymnostomum curvirosrum Hedw. ? I am not quite positive about this. I have two different forms of Gymnostomum, one found