MADCAPHORSE
A Revised Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Niagara Frontier Region
Flora of the Niagara Frontier Region, Third Supplement
by
Patricia M. Eckel
CATALOGUE D - K
D - K
DACTYLIS L. (Poaceae)
* D. glomerata L., Orchard Grass Image
2
=D.
glomerata varieties
DALIBARDA L. (Rosaceae)
Dalibarda fragarioides
Michx. = Waldsteinia fragarioides (Michx.) Tratt.
D. repens L., Dewdrop, False-Violet,
Robin-Run-Away, Dewdrop
=D.
violaeoides Michx.
=Rubus
dalibarda L.
Dalibarda
violaeoides Michx. = Dalibarda repens L.
DANTHONIA Lam. & DC. (Poaceae)
D. compressa Austin, Austin's Oatgrass, Northern
Oatgrass
D. spicata (L.) Beauv. ex R. & S., Poverty
Grass, Junegrass, White Oatgrass
=D.
x allenii Austin
=D.
spicata var. longipila Scribn. & Merr.
DAPHNE L. (Thymelaeaceae)
* D. mezereum L., Mezereum, Daphne
Dasiphora
fruticosa (L.) Rydb. = Potentilla fruticosa ssp. floribunda (Pursh) Elkington
Dasystephana
grayi of NY reports, not (Kusn.) Britt. = Gentiana puberulenta Pringle
Datisca hirta L.
= Rhus hirta (L.) Sudworth
DATURA L. (Solanaceae)
* D. stramonium L., Jimsonweed, Stramonium, Common
Thorn-apple, Jamestown Weed, Purple Thorn-apple Image 2 3
=D.
tatula L.
=D.
stramonium var. tatula (L.) Torr.
Datura tatula L.
= Datura stramonium L.
DAUCUS L. (Apiaceae)
* D. carota L., Queen Anne's Lace, Wild Carrot Image 2 3
DECODON J. Gmel. (Lythraceae)
D.
verticillatus (L.) Ell.,
Swamp Loosestrife, Water-willow, Water-Oleander
=D.
verticillatus var. laevigatus Torr. & A. Gray
=Lythrum
verticllatum L.
=Nesaea
verticillata (L.) HBK
Delphinium
ajacis L. of ON reports = Consolida ajacis (L.) Schur
Delphinium
ambiguum L. = Consolida ajacis (L.) Schur
Delphinium
consolida of Torrey's NY Flora, not L. = Consolida ajacis (L.) Schur
Delphinium
consolida L. = Consolida regalis S. Gray
DENNSTAEDTIA Bernh. (Dennstaedtiaceae)
D.
punctilobula (Michx.)
Moore, Hay-scented Fern
=Dicksonia
pilosiuscula Willd.
=Nephrodium
punctilobulum Michx.
Dentaria
concatenata Michx. = Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) Schwein.
Dentaria diphylla
Michx. = Cardamine diphylla (Michx.) Wood
Dentaria
diphylla x laciniata = [Cardamine concatenata x diphylla = C. x maxima (Nutt.)
Wood]
Dentaria
diphylla x maxima = [Cardamine concatenata x diphylla = C. x maxima (Nutt.)
Wood]
Dentaria x
incisa K. Schum. = [Cardamine concatenata x diphylla = C. x maxima (Nutt.)
Wood]
Dentaria x
incisifolia Eames = [Cardamine concatenata x diphylla = C. x maxima (Nutt.)
Wood]
Dentaria
laciniata Muhl. ex Willd. = Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) Schwein.
Dentaria
laciniata x maxima Nutt. = [Cardamine concatenata x diphylla = C. x maxima
(Nutt.) Wood]
Dentaria maxima
Nutt. = [Cardamine concatenata x diphylla = C. x maxima (Nutt.) Wood]
DEPARIA Hooker & Grev. (Dryopteridaceae)
D.
acrostichoides (Sw.)
Kato, Silvery Spleenwort, Silvery Gladefern
=Asplenium
acrostichoides Sw.
=A.
thelypteroides Michx.
=Athyrium
acrosticoides (Sw.) Diels
=A.
thelypteroides (Michx.) Desv.
=Diplazium
acrostichoides (Sw.) Butters
Deringa
canadensis (L.) Kuntze = Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC.
DESCHAMPSIA Beauv. (Poaceae)
D. cespitosa (L.) Beauv., Tufted Hair-grass
=Aira
caespitosa L.
D. flexuosa (L.) Trin., Wavy Hair-grass, Common
Hairgrass
=Aira
flexuosa L.
DESCURAINIA Webb & Berth. (Brassicaceae)
D. pinnata (Walt.) Britt., Tansy Mustard
ssp.
brachycarpa (Rich. ex
Frankl.) Detl., Northern Tansy-Mustard
=D.
pinnata var. brachycarpa (Rich.) Fern.
= Sisymbrium brachycarpum Richardson (Morton & Venn 1990)
= S. brachycarpon Rich. ex Frankl. (Mitchell & Tucker 1997)
= S. canescens as to ON reports, not of Nutt. (Morton & Venn 1990)
[* ssp. pinnata,
Southern Tansy-mustard (= Sisymbrium canescens), excluded by Zander and Pierce
(1979).]
Descurainia
pinnata var. brachycarpa (Richards.) Fern. = Descurainia pinnata ssp.
brachycarpa (Richards. ex Frankl.) Detl.
* D. sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl, Herb Sophia
=Sisymbrium
sophia L.
DESMODIUM Desv. (Fabaceae)
Desmodium
acuminatum DC. = Desmodium glutinosum (Muhl. ex Willd.) Wood
Desmodium
bracteosum (Michx.) DC. = Desmodium cuspidatum (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC. ex Loud.
D. canadense (L.) DC., Canadian Tick Trefoil, Giant
Tick-Clover or Trefoil, Showy Tick-Trefoil, Beggar-Ticks
Desmodium
canescens (L.) DC. (excluded by Zander & Pierce 1979).
D. ciliare (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC, Hairy
Small-flowered Tick Trefoil
=D.
obtusum of authors
D. cuspidatum (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC. ex Loud.,
Pointed-leaved Tick Trefoil
=D.
bracteosum (Michx.) DC.
=D.
grandiflorum (Walt) DC.
Desmodium
dillenii of some authors, not Darl. = Desmodium glabellum (Michx.) DC.
Desmodium
dillenii Darl. in part = Desmodium perplexum Schub.
Desmodium
dillenii Darl. = Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC.
D. glabellum (Michx.) DC., Dillen's Tick Trefoil,
Tall Tick-Clover or Tick-Trefoil NEW
=D.
dillenii of some authors, not Darl.
=D.
humifusum of some NY reports, not (Muhl.) Beck
D. glutinosum (Muhl. ex Willd.) Wood, Sticky Tick
Trefoil
=D.
acuminatum DC.
Desmodium
grandiflorum (Walt) DC. = Desmodium cuspidatum (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC. ex Loud.
Desmodium
humifusum of some NY reports, not (Muhl.) Beck = Desmodium glabellum (Michx.)
DC.
D.
marilandicum (L.) DC.,
Smooth Small-leaved Tick Trefoil, Maryland Tick-Clover
D. nudiflorum (L.) DC., Naked-flowered Tick Trefoil
Desmodium obtusum
(of authors) = Desmodium ciliare (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC.
[D. obtusum
(Muh. ex Willd.) DC. ( = D. rigidum (Ell.) DC.) has been reported from Erie
Co., but not corroborated by specimen (Young 1998).]
D.
paniculatum (L.) DC.,
Panicled Tick Trefoil
=D.
dillenii Darl.
D.
pauciflorum (Nutt.) DC.,
Few-or Small-flowered Tick Trefoil
D. perplexum Schub., Tick-clover, Tick-trefoil NEW
=D.
dillenii Darl. in part
=Meibomia
dillenii (Darl.) Kuntze in part
Desmodium
rigidum (Ell.) DC. = Desmodium obtusum (Muh. ex Willd. DC. (excluded by Zander
& Pierce 1979).
D.
rotundifolium DC.,
Round-leaved Tick Trefoil
Dianthera
americana L. = Justicia americana (L.) Vahl
DIANTHUS L. (Caryophyllaceae)
* D. armeria L., Deptford Pink Image
2
* D. barbatus L., Sweet William
Dianthus blandus
(Reichenb.) Hayek = Dianthus deltoides L.
* D.
deltoides L., Maiden
Pink, Meadow Pink NEW
Dianthus hoppei
Portenschl. = Dianthus deltoides L.
Dianthus
luminitzeri Weisb. = Dianthus deltoides L.
Dianthus praecox
Kit. ex Willd. = Dianthus deltoides L.
DICENTRA Bernh. (Fumariaceae)
D. canadensis (Goldie) Walp., Squirrel-corn,
Turkey-Corn
=Diclytra
canadensis (Goldie) DC.
D. cucullaria (L.) Bernh., Dutchman's Breeches
=Diclytra
cucullaria (L.) DC.
Dichanthelium
acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & Clark = Panicum acuminatum Sw.
Dichanthelium
clandestinum (L.) Gould = Panicum clandestinum L.
Dichanthelium
commutatum (Schultes) Gould = Panicum commutatum Schultes
Dichanthelium
depauperatum (Muhl.) Gould = Panicum depauperatum Muhl.
Dichanthelium
dichotomum (L.) Gould = Panicum dichotomum L.
Dichanthelium
latifolium (L.) Gould & C. Clark = Panicum latifolium L.
Dichanthelium
linearifolium (Scribn. ex Nash) Gould = Panicum linearifolium Scribn. ex Nash
in Britt. & Brown
Dichanthelium
villosissimum (Nash) Freckman var. praecocius (Hitchc. & Chase) Freckmann =
Panicum villosissimum Nash
Dichanthelium
xanthophysum (A. Gray) Freckman = Panicum xanthophysum A. Gray
Diclytra
canadensis (Goldie) DC. = Dicentra canadensis (Goldie) Walp.
Diclytra
cucullaria (L.) DC. = Dicentra cucullaria (L.) Bernh.
DIERVILLA Mill. (Caprifoliaceae)
D. lonicera Mill., Bush Honeysuckle
=D.
trifida Moench
Diervilla
trifida Moench = Diervilla lonicera Mill.
DIGITARIA Heist. ex Fabr. (Poaceae)
D. cognatum (Schultes) Pilger, Diffuse Crab-grass,
Fall Witchgrass
=Leptoloma
cognatum (Schultes) Chase
* D.
ischaemum (Schreb. ex
Schweig.) Schreb. ex Muhl., Small Crab-grass
=D.
ischaemum var. mississippiensis (Gatt.) Fern.
=Panicum
glabrum (Schrad.) Gaud.
=Syntherisma
ishaemum (Schreb. ex Schweig.) Nash
* D.
sanguinalis (L.) Scop.,
Large Crab-grass, Tall Crabgrass
=Digitaria
adscendens (Kunth) Henr.
=Panicum
sanguinale L.
=Syntherisma
sanguinalis (L.) Dulac
Dilepyrum
erectum (Schreb) Farw. = Brachyelytrum erectum (Schreb.) Beauv.
DIOSCOREA L. (Dioscoreaceae)
* D. batatas Dcne., Yam, Chinese Yam, Cinammon Vine
NEW
Dioscorea
quaternata of old NY reports in part = Dioscorea villosa L.
D. villosa L., Wild Yam
=D.
quaternata of old NY reports in part
Diphasiastrum
digitatum (A. Br.) Holub = Lycopodium digitatum Dill. ex A. Br.
Diphasiastrum
tristachyum (Pursh) Holub = Lycopodium tristachyum Pursh
Diphasium
tristachyum (Pursh) Rothm. = Lycopodium tristachyum Pursh
DIPLACHNE Beauv. (Poaceae)
* D.
fascicularis (Lam.)
Beauv., Clustered Saltmeadow Grass, Sprangletop
=Leptochloa
fascicularis (Lam.) A. Gray
DIPLAZIUM Sw. (Dryopteridaceae)
Diplazium
acrostichoides (Sw.) Butters = Deparia acrostichoides (Sw.) Kato
D.
pycnocarpon (Sprengel) M.
Broun, Narrow-leaved Spleenwort, Silvery spleenwort, Silvery Glade Fern
=Asplenium angustifolium (of authors)
=A. pycnocarpon Sprengel
=Athyrium angustifolium (Michx.) Milde
=A. pycnocarpon (Sprengel) Tidestr.
Diplopappus
umbellatus (Mill.) Hook. = Aster umbellatus Mill.
DIPLOTAXIS DC. (Brassicaceae)
* D. muralis (L.) DC., Sand Rocket, Wall-rocket
=Sisymbrium
murale L.
* D.
tenuifolia (L.) DC.,
Wall Rocket
=Sisymbrium
tenuifolia (L.) DC.
DIPSACUS L. (Dipsacaceae)
* D. fullonum L., Common Teasel, Fuller's Teasel Image 2 3
=D.
sylvestris Huds.
* D.
laciniatus L., Teasel
NEW
Dipsacus
sylvestris Huds. = Dipsacus fullonum L.
DIRCA L. (Thymelaeaceae)
D. palustris L., Leatherwood, Moosewood, Wicopy,
Rope-Bark
DISPORUM Salisb. ex D. Don (Liliaceae)
D. lanuginosum (Michx.) Nichols., Yellow Mandarin
=Prosartes
lanuginosa (Michx.) Don
Dodecatheon
meadia (excluded by Zander & Pierce 1979)
Doellingeria
infirma (Michx.) Greene = Aster infirmus Michx.
DRABA L. (Brassicaceae)
D. arabisans Michx., Rockcress Whitlow-grass
D. reptans (Lambert) Fernald, Whitlow-grass NEW
=D.
caroliniana Walt.
* D. verna L., Whitlow-grass
=Erophila
verna (L.) Bess.
DRACOCEPHALUM L. (Lamiaceae)
Dracocephalum
formosius (Lunell) Rydb. = Physostegia virginiana (L.) Benth.
D.
parviflorum Nutt.,
Dragonhead NEW
Dracocephalum
speciosum Sweet = Physostegia virginiana (L.) Benth.
Dracocephalum
virginianum L. = Physostegia virginiana (L.) Benth.
Dracontium
foetidum L. = Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.
DROSERA L. (Droseraceae)
D. intermedia Hayne, Spatulate-leaved Sundew,
Narrow-Leaved Sundew
=D.
longifolia Michx. in part
Drosera
longifolia Michx. in part = Drosera intermedia Hayne
D.
rotundifolia L.,
Round-leaved Sundew
=D.
rotundifolia var. comosa Fern.
Drymocallis
agrimonioides (Pursh) Rydb. = Potentilla arguta Pursh
DRYOPTERIS Adans. (Dryopteridaceae)
Dryopteris
austriaca var. fructuosa (Gilb.) Mort. = [Dryopteris carthusiana x intermedia =
x triploidea Wherry]
Dryopteris
austriaca var. intermedia (Muhl. ex Willd.) Morton = Dryopteris intermedia
(Muhl. ex Willd.) A. Gray
D.
campyloptera (Kunze)
Clarkson, Mountain Wood-fern
=Aspidium
campyloptera Kunze
=D.
austriaca of authors, not (Jacq.) Woyner
=D.
dilatata var. americana (Fisch. ex Kunze) Benedict
=D.
spinulosa var. americana (Fisch. ex Kunze) Fern.
=Thelypteris
dilatata (Hoffm.) House
=Thelypteris
dilatata var. americana (Fisch.) House
No vouchered specimens occur for any western New York county other than
post-1980 specimens that exist for Cattaraugus (NYFA 1990). The fern occurs in
Ontario (as D. expansa (C. Presl) Fraser-Jenkins & Jermy (Morton & Venn
1990). No specimens at BUF confirm the occurrence of this fern in our region
and the peninsular region of Ontario. The treatment of this species by
Montgomery and Wagner Jr. (FNA Vol. 2, 1993, p. 288) indicates the species does
not occur in Ontario, and only in the Adirondack or Hudson River area of New
York State (not western or central New York). The species should perhaps be
excluded from our area.]
D.
carthusiana (Vill.)
Fuchs, Spinulose Shield-fern, Spinulose Wood-fern
=D.
austriaca var. spinulosa (Muell.) Fiori
=D.
spinulosa (Muell.) Watt
=Polypodium
carthusianum Vill.
=Thelypteris
spinulosa (O.F.Muell.) Nieuwl.
D.
carthusiana x cristata
= D. x uliginosa (A. Br. ex Dowell) Druce NEW
=D.
cristata x spinulosa
D.
carthusiana x intermedia
= D. x triploidea Wherry, Wood Fern NEW
=D.
austriaca var. fructuosa (Gilb.) Mort.
=D.
intermedia x spinulosa
D. celsa (Palmer) Knowlt., Palmer & Poll.,
Log Fern NEW
D. celsa x goldiana, Log Fern NEW
D.
clintoniana (D. C. Eat.
ex A. Gray) Dowell, Clinton's Fern, Clinton's Shield-Fern
=Aspidium
cristatum var. clintonianum D. C. Eat.
=Dryopteris
cristata var. clintoniana (D. C. Eat. ex A. Gray) Underw.
=Thelypteris
clintoniana (D. C. Eaton ex A. Gray) House
D.
clintoniana x goldiana
Wood Fern NEW
D. cristata (L.) A. Gray, Crested Shield-fern,
Crested Wood-Fern
=Aspidium
cristatum (L.) Sw.
=Polypodium
cristatum L.
=Thelypteris
cristata (L.) Nieuwl.
Dryopteris
cristata var. clintoniana (D.C.Eat.) Underw. = Dryopteris clintoniana (D. Eat.
ex A. Gray) Dowell
D. cristata x
intermedia = D. x boottii
(Tuckerm.) Underw., Boott's Wood Fern
=Aspidium
boottii Tuckerm. of Zenkert, 1934.
Dryopteris cristata
x spinulosa = [Dryopteris carthusiana x cristata = D. x uliginosa (A. Br. ex
Dowell) Druce]
Dryopteris
disjuncta (Ledeb.) Morton = Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newm.
D. goldiana (Hook. ex Goldie) A. Gray, Goldie's
Fern, Giant Wood-Fern
=Aspidium
goldianum Hook. ex Goldie
=Thelypteris
goldiana (Hook. ex Goldie) Nieuwl.
D.
clintoniana x intermedia
= D. x dowellii (Farw.) Wherry, Dowell's Wood Fern
=Thelypteris
cristata var. clintoniana x T. spinulosa var. intermedia of Zenkert (1934).
Dryopteris
goldiana x marginalis
= D. x neowherryi W. Wagner, Wood Fern NEW
Dryopteris
hexagonoptera (Michx.) Christ. = Phegopteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) Fée
D. intermedia (Muhl. ex Willd.) A. Gray, Common
Wood-fern, Fancy-fern
=Aspidium
intermedium Muhl. ex Willd.
=A.
spinulosum var. intermedium (Muhl.) D.C. Eaton
=Dryopteris
austriaca var. intermedia (Muhl. ex Willd.) Morton
=D.
spinulosa (O.F. Muell.) Watt var. concordiana (Davenport) Eastman
=D.
spinulosa var. intermedia (Muhl. ex Willd.) Underw.
=Thelypteris
intermedia (Muhl. ex Willd.) House
=Thelypteris
spinulosa var. intermedia (Muhl.) Weatherby
D. marginalis (L.) A. Gray, Marginal Shield-Fern,
Marginal Wood-fern
=Aspidium
marginale (L.) Sw.
=Thelypteris
marginalis (L.) Nieuwl.
Dryopteris
phegopteris (L.) Christ. = Phegopteris connectilis (Michx.) Watt
Dryopteris
spinulosa (Muell.) Watt = Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) Fuchs
Dryopteris
spinulosa (O. F. Muell.) Watt var. concordiana (Davenport) Eastman = Dryopteris
intermedia (Willd.) A. Gray
Dryopteris
spinulosa var. intermedia (Muhl. ex Willd.) Morton = Dryopteris intermedia
(Muhl. ex Willd.) A. Gray
DULICHIUM L. Rich. ex Pers. (Cyperaceae)
D.
arundinaceum (L.)
Britt., Three-way Sedge
=D.
spathaceum (L.) Pers.
Dulichium
spathaceum (L.) Pers. = Dulichium arundinaceum (L.) Britt.
DYSSODIA Cav. (Asteraceae)
Dyssodia
chrysanthemoides (Willd.) Lag. = Dyssodia papposa (Vent.) Hitchc.
* D. papposa (Vent.) Hitchc., Fetid Marigold
=Boebera
papposa (Vent.) Rydb. ex Britt.
=D.
chrysanthemoides (Willd.) Lag.
=Tagetes
papposa Vent.
Eatonia obtusata
(Michx.) Gray = Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn.
Eatonia
pennsylvanica A. Gray in part = Sphenopholis obtusata var. major (Torrey) Erdm.
Echinacea
purpurea (L.) Moench (excluded by Zander & Pierce 1979)
ECHINOCHLOA Beauv. (Poaceae)
* E.
crus-galli (L.) Beauv.,
Japanese Millet, Barnyard Grass, Cock-spur Grass.
*
ssp. crus-galli
=Panicum
crus-galli L.
*
ssp. edulis Hitchc.,
Japanese Millet, Billion-dollar Grass.
=E.
crus-galli var. edulis Hitchc.
=E.
crus-galli var. frumentacea (Roxb.) Wight
=E.
frumentacea (Roxb.) Link
Echinochloa
crus-galli var. hispidus Ell. = Echinochloa walteri (Pursh) Heller (not Nash ex
Britt.) (excluded by Zander & Pierce 1979)
Echinochloa
crusgalli var. michauxii House = Echinochloa muricata (Beauv.) Fern. var.
muricata
Echinochloa
frumentacea (Roxb.) Link = Echinochloa crus-galli ssp. edulis Hitchc.
Echinochloa
microstachya (Wieg.) Rydb. = Echinochloa muricata var. microstachya Wieg.
E. muricata (Beauv.) Fern., Cockspur Grass, Barnyard
Grass
var.
microstachya Wieg.
Small-spiked Barnyard Grass
=E.
microstachya (Wieg.) Rydb.
=E.
pungens var. microstachya (Weig.) Fern.& Grisc.
=E.
occidentalis (Wieg.) Rydb.
var.
muricata, Rough Barnyard
Grass
=E.
crusgalli var. michauxii House
=E.
pungens (Poir.) Rybd.
Echinochloa
occidentalis (Wieg.) Rydb. = Echinochloa muricata var. microstachya Wieg.
Echinochloa
pungens var. microstachya (Weig.) Fern.& Grisc. = Echinochloa muricata var.
microstachya Wieg.
Echinochloa
pungens (Poir.) Rydb. = Echinochloa muricata var. muricata (Beauv.) Fern.
E. walteri (Pursh) Heller (not Nash ex Britt.),
Water-millet, Walter's Cockspur-grassNEW
ECHINOCYSTIS Torrey & A. Gray (Cucurbitaceae)
E. lobata
(Michx.) Torr. & A. Gray, Wild Cucumber, Prickly Cucumber, Wild
Balsam-apple Image 2 3
=Micrampelis
lobata (Michx.) Greene
=Sicyos
lobata Michx.
ECHINOPS L. (Asteraceae)
* E. ritro
L. ssp. ruthenicus (Bieb.) Nyman, Globe Thistle NEW II
* E.
sphaerocephalus L.,
Globe Thistle NEW
Echinospermum
lappula (L.) Lehm. = Lappula squarrosa (Retz.) Dumort.
ECHIUM L. (Boraginaceae)
* E. vulgare L., Viper's Bugloss, Blue-weed,
Blue-devil
=E.
plantagineum of NY reports, not L.
=E.
pustulatum of NY reports, not Sibth. & Sm.
ELEOCHARIS R. Br.: (Cyperaceae)
E. acicularis (L.) R.& S., Needle Spike-rush,
Hairgrass, Slender Rush
Eleocharis
acuminata (Muhl.) Nees = Eleocharis elliptica Kunth var. elliptica
Eleocharis annua
(Thuill.) House = Eleocharis obtusa var. ovata (Roth) Drap. & Mohl.
Eleocharis calva
Torr. = Eleocharis erythropoda Steud.
Eleocharis
capitata (of Zenkert, 1934) = Eleocharis elliptica Kunth var. elliptica
Eleocharis
compressa Sulliv. = Eliocharis elliptica Kunth var. elliptica
Eleocharis
compressa var. atrata Svenson = Eleocharis elliptica Kunth
Eleocharis
diandra Wright = Eleocharis obtusa (Willd.) Schultes var. obtusa
E. elliptica Kunth, Compressed Spike-rush
var.
elliptica
=E.
acuminata (Muhl.) Nees
=E.
capitata (L.) R. Br.
=E.
compressa Sulliv.
=E.
compressa var. atrata Svenson
=E.
tenuis of NY reports, not (Willd.) Schultes
=E.
tenuis var. borealis (Svens.) Gleason [K&K
E.
erythropoda Steud.,
Red-footed Spike-rush
=E.
glaucescens (Willd.) R. & S.
=E.
calva Torr.
E. flavescens (Poir.) Urban., Olive Spikerush NEW
=E.
flavescens var. olivacea (Torrey) Gleason
=E.
olivacea Torrey
Eleocharis
glaucescens (Willd.) R. & S. = Eleocharis erythropoda Steud.
E. intermedia Schultes (not Muhl.), Matted Spike-rush
=E.
reclinata Kunth
=E.
reclinata var. habereri House
Eleocharis
obtusa var. ellipsoides Fern. = Eleocharis obtusa (Willd.) Schultes var. obtusa
Eleocharis
obtusa var. jejuna Fern. = Eleocharis obtusa (Willd.) Schultes var. obtusa
E. obtusa (Willd.) Schultes, Spike-rush, Fat
Spikerush
var.
obtusa
=E.
diandra Wright
=E.
obtusa var. ellipsoides Fern.
=E.
obtusa var. jejuna Fern.
var.
ovata (Roth) Drap. & Mohl., Ovate Spike-rush
=E.
annua (Thuill.) House
=E.
ovata (Roth) R. & S.
Eleocharis
olivacea Torrey = Eleocharis flavescens (Poir.) Urban.
Eleocharis ovata
(Roth) R. & S. = Eleocharis obtusa var. ovata (Roth) Drap. & Mohl.
E. palustris (L.) R.& S., Creeping Spike-rush
=E.
palustris var. major Sonder
E. pauciflora (Lightf.) Link., Few-flowered Spike-rush
=E.
quinqueflora var. fernaldii Svens.
=Scirpus
pauciflorus Lightf.
Eleocharis
quinqueflora var. fernaldii Svens. = Eleocharis pauciflora (Lightf.) Link.
Eleocharis
reclinata Kunth = Eleocharis intermedia Schultes
Eleocharis
reclinata var. habereri House = Eleocharis intermedia Schultes
E. rostellata (Torr.) Torr., Beaked Spike-rush
Eleocharis
tenuis of NY reports, not (Willd.) Schultes = Eleocharis elliptica Kunth var.
elliptica
Eleocharis tenuis
var. borealis (Svenson) Gl. = Eleocharis elliptica Kunth
ELEUSINE Gaertn. (Poaceae)
* E. indica (L.) Gaertn., Goose Grass, Yardgrass,
Wiregrass
ELODEA L. Rich. ex Michx. (Hydrocharitaceae)
E. canadensis Rich. ex Michx., Water-weed, Elodea,
Ditch-moss
=Anacharis
canadensis (Rich. ex Michx.) Planch.
=A.
planchonii (Casp.) Rydb.
=Apalanthe
schweinitzii Planch.
=Elodea
planchonii Casp.
=E.
schweinitzii (Planch.) Casp.
=Philotria
canadensis (L. Rich. ex Michx.) Britt.
=P.
occidentalis (Pursh) House
=P.
planchonii (Casp.) Rydb.
Elodea virginica
(L.) Gray = Triadenum virginicum (L.) Raf.
ELYMUS L. (Poaceae)
E. canadensis L., Stout Nodding Wild Rye, Canada Wild
Rye
Elymus canadensis
L. var. wiegandii (Fern.) Bowd. = Elymus wiegandii Fern.
Elymus caninus
(L.) L. = Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners ssp. subsecundus (Link)
Barkworth & D. Dewey
E. hystrix L., Bottle-brush Grass
var.
bigeloviana (Fern.) Bowden
=Hystrix
patula var. bigeloviana (Fern.) Deam
var.
hystrix
=Asprella
hystrix (L.) Willd.
=Gymnostichum
hystrix (L.) Schreb.
=Hystrix
patula Moench
Elymus repens
(L.) Gould = Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski
E. riparius Wieg., Riverbank Wild Rye, Marsh Wild
Rye
Elymus striatus
(of authors) = Elymus villosus Muhl. ex Willd.
E.
trachycaulus (Link)
Gould ex Shinners, Slender Wheatgrass Rough-stemmed Wheatgrass
ssp.
subsecundus (Link) Barkworth & D. Dewey
=Agropyron
caninum (L.) Beauv.
=A.
trachycaulum var. glaucum (Pease & Moore) Malte
=A.
trachycaulum var. majus (Vasey) Fern.
=A.
trachycaulum var. unilaterale (Vasey) Malte
=Elymus
caninus (L.) L.
=Triticum
caninum L.
ssp.
trachycaulus
=Agropyron
caninum var. tenerum (Vasey) Pease & Moore
=A.
tenerum Vasey
=A.
trachycaulum (Link) Malte ex Lewis
=A.
trachycaulum var. novae-angliae (Scribn. ex Brainerd) Fern.
=A.
violaceum (Hornem.) Lange
E. villosus Muhl. ex Willd., Wild Rye
var.
villosus
=E.
striatus (of authors)
E. virginicus L., Virginia Wild Rye
var.
virginicus
=E.
virginicus var. glabriflorus (Vasey) Bush
=E.
virginicus var. hirsutiglumis (Scribn.) Hitchc.
E. wiegandii Fern., Wiegand Wild-rye
=E.
canadensis L. var. wiegandii (Fern.) Bowd.
ELYTRIGIA Desv. (Poaceae)
* E. repens (L.)
Nevski, Quack-grass, Witch-grass, Quickgrass Image 2
=Agropyron
repens (L.) Beauv.
=Agropyron
repens var. littoreum Anderss.
=Agropyron
repens var. nemorale Anderss.
=Agropyron
repens var. pilosum Scribn.
=Elymus
repens (L.) Gould
=Triticum
repens L.
ENEMION Raf. (Ranunculaceae)
E. biternatum Raf., False Rue-Anemone NEW
=Isopyrum
biternatum (Raf.) Torrey & A. Gray
EPIFAGUS Nutt. (Orobanchaceae)
E. virginiana
(L.) Bart., Beech-drops, Cancer-root
=Leptamnium
virginianum (L.) Raf.
=Orobanche
virginiana L.
EPIGAEA L. (Ericaceae)
E. repens L.,
Trailing Arbutus
=E.
repens var. glabrifolia Fern.
EPILOBIUM L. (Onagraceae)
Epilobium adenocaulon
Haussk. = Epilobium ciliatum Raf. ssp. ciliatum
E. angustifolium
L., Fireweed, Willow-herb, Wickup
=E.
spicatum Lam.
E. ciliatum Raf., Northern Willow-herb
ssp.
ciliatum
=E.
adenocaulon Hausskn.
=E.
glandulosum Lehm. var. adenocaulon (Hausskn.) Fern.
=E.
glandulosum Lehm. var. perplexans (Trel.) Fern.
=E.
perplexans Trel.
ssp.
glandulosum (Lehm.) Hoch & Raven
=E.
boreale Haussk.
=E.
glandulosum Leh. var. glandulosum
=E.
glandulosum var. cardiophyllum Fern.
=E.
glandulosum var. perplexans of authors, not (Trel.) Fern.
E. coloratum Biehler, Purple-leaved Willow-herb
=E.
tetragonum Pursh
Epilobium densum
Raf. = Epilobium strictum Muhl. ex Spreng.
Epilobium
glandulosum var. adenocaulon (Haussk.) Fern. = Epilobium ciliatum Raf. ssp.
ciliatum
Epilobium
glandulosum var. cardiophyllum Fern. = Epilobium ciliatum ssp. glandulosum
(Lehm.) Hoch & Raven
Epilobium glandulosum Lehm. var.
glandulosum = Epilobium ciliatum Raf. ssp. glandulosum (Lehm.) Hoch
& Raven
Epilobium
glandulosum var. occidentale (Trel.) Fern. = Epilobium ciliatum ssp.
glandulosum (Lehm.) Hoch & Raven
* E. hirsutum L.,
Hairy Willow-herb, European Fireweed Image 2
Epilobium
lineare Muhl. = Epilobium palustre L.
Epilobium
lineare LeConte = Epilobium palustre L.
Epilobium molle
Lam. = Epilobium parviflorum Schreber
Epilobium molle
Torr. = Epilobium strictum Muhl. ex Spreng.
Epilobium
oliganthum Michx. = Epilobium palustre L.
E. palustre L., Marsh Willow-herb
=E.
lineare Muhl.
=E.
lineare LeConte
=E.
oliganthum Michx.
=E.
palustre var. monticola Haussk.
=E.
palustre var. oliganthum (Michx.) Fern.
*E.
parviflorum Schreber,
Small-flowered Willow-herb NEW NEW
=E.
molle Lam. not Torrey
Epilobium
perplexans Trel. = Epilobium ciliatum Raf. ssp. ciliatum
Epilobium
spicatum Lam. = Epilobium angustifolium L.
E. strictum Muhl. ex Spreng., Soft Willow-herb
=E.
densum Raf.
=E.
molle Torr.
Epilobium
tetragonum Pursh = Epilobium coloratum Biehler
EPIPACTIS Sw. (Orchidaceae)
* E. helleborine
(L.) Crantz., Helleborine Orchid, Weed-orchid
=E.
latifolia (L.) All.
=Serapias
helleborine L.
Epipactis
latifolia (L.) All. = Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz
Epipactis
pubescens (Willd.) A.A. Eat. = Goodyera pubescens (Willd.) R.Br.
Epipactis repens
var. ophoides (Fern.) A.A. Eat. = Goodyera repens var. ophoides Fern.
EQUISETUM L. (Equisetaceae)
E. arvense L.,
Common Horsetail, Field Horsetail
=E.
arvense var. boreale Bong.
E. fluviatile L., Swamp Horsetail, Water Horsetail,
Pipes, River Horsetail
=E.
limosum L.
=E.
limosum var. verticillatum A. A. Eat.
Equisetum
funstonii A. A. Eaton = Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun
E. hyemale L., Tall Scouring-rush
var.
affine (Engelm.) A. A. Eat.
=E.
hyemale var. elatum (Engelm.) Morton
=E.
hyemale var. pseudohyemale (Farw.) Morton
=E.
praealtum Raf.
=E.
robustum A. Br.
Equisetum
hyemale var. intermedium A. A. Eat. = [Equisetum hyemale x laevigatum = E. x
ferrisii Clute, see discussion under E. laevigatum
E. hyemale x variegatum = E. x mackii
(Newm.) Brich., Rough-tooth Scouring Rush, Hybrid Scouring Rush NEW
=E.
x trachydon R. Br.
=E.
variegatum var. jesupii A. Eaton
Equisetum kansanum
Schaffn. = Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun
E. laevigatum A. Braun, Smooth Scouring-rush
=E.
funstonii A. A. Eaton
=E.
kansanum Schaffn.
Equisetum
limosum L. = Equisetum fluviatile L.
Equisetum
limosum var. verticillatum A.A.Eat. = Equisetum fluviatile L.
E. palustre L., Marsh Horsetail
=E.
palustre var. americanum Vict.
=E.
palustre var. ramosissimum Peck
Equisetum
praealtum Raf. = Equisetum hyemale L. var. affine (Engelm.) A. A. Eaton
[Equisetum
pratense Ehrh., report from Niagara Co. unsubstantiated by specimen (Young
1998).]
Equisetum
robustum A. Br. = Equisetum hyemale L. var. affine (Engelm.) A. A. Eaton
E. scirpoides
Michx., Dwarf Scouring-rush
E. sylvaticum L.,
Wood Horsetail
=E.
sylvaticum var. multiramosum (Fern.) Wherry
=E.
sylvaticum var. pauciramosum Milde
E. variegatum Schleich. ex Weber & Mohr,
Variegated Scouring-rush
ERAGROSTIS N. M. von Wolf (Poaceae)
E. capillaris (L.) Nees, Lacegrass NEW
Eragrostis
caroliniana (Spreng.) Scribn. = Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees
* E.
cilianensis (All.)
Mosher (not Link or Hubb.), Strong-scented Love-grass, Stinkgrass, Skunkgrass,
Snakegrass
=E.
major Host
=E.
megastachya (Koel.) Link
Eragrostis
eragrostis (L.) Beauv. = Eragrostis minor Host
E. frankii Meyer ex Steud., Frank's Love-grass,
Lacegrass
* E. minor Host, Lovegrass
=E.
eragrostis (L.) Beauv.
=E.
poaeoides R. & S.
Eragrostis multicaulis
Steud. = Eragrostis pilosa (L.) Beauv.
E. pectinacea (Michx.) Nees, Purple Lovegrass
=E.
caroliniana (Spreng.) Scribn.
=E.
purshii Schrad.
Eragrostis
peregrina Wieg. = Eragrostis pilosa (L.) Beauv.
* E. pilosa (L.) Beauv., India Lovegrass
=E.
multicaulis Steud.
=E.
peregrina Wieg.
Eragrostis
poaeoides R. & S. = Eragrostis minor Host
Eragrostis
purshii Schrad. = Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees
E.
spectabilis (Pursh)
Steud., Purple Lovegrass, Tumblegrass NEW
=E.
pectinacea of American authors, not (Michx.) Nees
=E.
spectabilis var. sparsihirsuta Farw.
ERECHTITES Raf. (Asteraceae)
E.
hieracifolia (L.) Raf.
ex DC., Pilewort, Fireweed
var.
hieracifolia
=E.
hieracifolia var. intermedia Fern.
=E.
hieracifolia var. praealta (Raf.) Fern.
Erechtites
hieracifolia var. intermedia Fern. = Erechtites hieracifolia (L.) Raf. ex DC.
Erechtites
hieracifolia var. praealta (Raf.) Fern. = Erechtites hieracifolia (L.) Raf. ex
DC.
ERIGENIA Nutt. (Apiaceae)
E. bulbosa
(Michx.) Nutt., Harbinger of Spring, Pepper-and-Salt Image 2
ERIGERON L. (Asteraceae)
Erigeron acris
of authors, not L. = Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd.
E. annuus (L.)
Pers., Slender White-top, Daisy-fleabane, Daisy Whitetop, White Scabious, Sweet
Scabious
Erigeron
bellidifolius Muhl.ex Willd. = Erigeron pulchellus Michx.
Erigeron
canadensis L. = Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.
E. philadelphicus L., Philadelphia Fleabane
=E.
philadelphicus var. provancheri (Vict. & Rouss.) Boivin
E. pulchellus Michx., Robin's-plantain, Poor Robin's
Plantain
=E.
bellidifolius Muhl.ex Willd.
Erigeron ramosus
(Walt.) BSP = Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd.
E. strigosus Muhl. ex Willd., Daisy Fleabane
=E.
acris of authors, not L.
=E.
ramosus (Walt.) BSP
=E.
strigosus varieties
ERIOCAULON L. (Eriocaulaceae)
E. aquaticum (Hill) Druce, Seven-angled Pipewort, White-buttons,
Hatpins, Pipewort
=E.
articulatum (Huds.) Morong
=E.
pellucidum Michx.
=E.
septangulare With.
Eriocaulon
pellucidum Michx. = Eriocaulon aquaticum (Hill) Druce
Eriocaulon
septangulare With. = Eriocaulon aquaticum (Hill) Druce
ERIOCHLOA Kunth (Poaceae)
* E.
acuminata (J. Presl)
Kunth, Cup-grass NEW
=E.
lemmonii var. gracilis
ERIOPHORUM L. (Cyperaceae)
[Eriophorum
angustifolium Honkeny was put in synonymy with Scirpus
angustifolius
(Honkey) T. Koyama by Zander and Pierce and excluded.
Eriophorum
angustifolium Honck. ssp. scabriusculum Hultén is reported in
both New York
State (Mitchell & Tucker 1997) and Ontario (as E. triste
(Th. Fries) A.
Löve & Hadac, Morton & Venn 1990). There is an unconfirmed
report for
Chautauqua Co. noted by Young (1998).]
Eriophorum
callithrix of authors, not Cham. = Eriophorum vaginatum ssp. spissum (Fern.)
Hultén
E. gracile Koch ex Roth, Slender Cotton-grass
Eriophorum.
polystachyon Torrey according to House 1924 = Eriophorum viridicarinatum
(Engelm.) Fern.
[Eriophorum
polystachyon var. angustifolium (Roth) Gray = Eriophorum
angustifolium
Roth (excluded) in ZP. in House angustifolium is Roth and
Polyst. in Torr.
not Honck or L. in M&V, E. polystachyon is in part E.
angustifolium
and E. viridi-carinatum p. 26]
Eriophorum
spissum Fern. = Eriophorum vaginatum L. ssp. spissum (Fern.) Hultén
E. tenellum Nutt., Rough Cotton-grass
E. vaginatum L., Hare's-tail
ssp.
spissum (Fern.) Hultén
=E.
spissum Fern.
=E.
callithrix of authors, not Cham.
E. virginicum L., Tawny Cotton-grass
=E.
virginicum var. album A. Gray
E.
viridicarinatum
(Engelm.) Fern., Thin-leaved Cotton-grass
=E.
polystachyon Torrey according to House 1924
ERODIUM L'Hér. ex Ait. (Geraniaceae)
* E.
cicutarium (L.) L'Hér.
ex Ait., Storksbill, Pinclover, Alfileria
Erophila verna
(L.) Bess. = Draba verna L.
ERUCA Mill. (Brassicaceae)
Eruca sativa
Mill. = Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav.
* E.
vesicaria (L.) Cav.,
Rocket Salad, Garden-rocket
ssp.
sativa (Mill.) Thell.
=Brassica
eruca L.
=Eruca
eruca (L.) Britt. ex Britt. & Brown
=E.
sativa Mill.
ERUCASTRUM C. Presl (Brassicaceae)
* E. gallicum (Willd.) Schulz, Dog Mustard, French
Rocket
=E.
pollichii Schimp. & Spinn.
=Sisymbrium
erucastrum Poll.
=S.
gallicum Willd.
Erucastrum
pollichii Schimp. & Spinn. = Erucastrum gallicum (Willd.) Schulz
ERYSIMUM L. (Brassicaceae)
Erysimum
alliaria L. = Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cav. & Grande
Erysimum
barbarea L. = Barbarea vulgaris R. Br.
* E.
cheiranthoides L.,
Wormseed Mustard, Treacle-mustard
=Cheirinia
cheiranthoides (L.) Link
Erysimum
officinale L. = Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop.
Erysimum vernum Mill.
= Barbarea verna (Mill.) Aschers
Erythraea
centaurium Pers. = Centaurium erythraea Rafn. (not Raf.)
ERYTHRONIUM L. (Liliaceae)
E. albidum Nutt.,
White Adder's-tongue White Trout-lily, White Dog-tooth Violet
=E.
propullans of Ontario reports, not A. Gray (of Cameron, 1895)
E. americanum
Ker, Yellow Adder's-tongue, Troutlily, Dog-tooth Violet Image 2
Evonymus (orth.
var.) = Euonymus L.
EUONYMUS L. (Celastraceae)
E. americana L.,
Strawberry-bush, Bursting-heart
"reject,
Ontario report based on E. obovatus" (Morton & Venn 1990).
Euonymus
americana var. obovata (Nutt.) Torr. & A. Gray = Euonymus obovata Nutt.
(* )E. atropurpurea Jacq., Wahoo, Burning Bush
* E. europaea L.,
Spindle-tree Image 2
* E. fortunei (Turcz.) Hand., Wintercreeper NEW
var.
radicans (Sieb. ex Miq.) Rehd.
E. obovata Nutt., Running Strawberry-bush
=E.
americana var. obovata Torrey & A. Gray ex A. Gray
Eupatoriadelphus
maculatus (L.) King & H. Robinson = Eupatorium maculatum L. var. maculatum
EUPATORIUM L. (Asteraceae)
Eupatorium
ageratoides L.f. = Eupatorium rugosum Houtt.
E. altissimum L., Tall Thoroughwort NEW
"Note: Ageratina altissima (L.) King & H. Robinson is a synonym of E.
rugosum" Mitchell & Tucker (1997).
Eupatorium
bruneri of NY authors, not A. Gray = Eupatorium maculatum L. var. maculatum
Eupatorium
bruneri var. foliosum (Fern.) House = Eupatorium maculatum L. var. foliosum
(Fern.) Wieg.
Eupatorium
falcatum Michx. = Eupatorium purpureum L.
E. fistulosum Barratt, Joe-Pye-weed, Trumpetweed NEW
NEW
E. maculatum L.,
Joe-Pye-weed Image 2
var.
foliosum (Fern.) Wieg.
=E.
bruneri var. foliosum (Fern.) House
=E.
maculatum var. bruneri (A. Gray) Breit., not Dougl.
=E.
purpureum var. foliosum Fern.
var.
maculatum
=E.
bruneri of NY authors, not A. Gray
=E.
purpureum var. maculatum (L.) Darl.
=Eupatoriadelphus
maculatus (L.) King & H. Robinson
E. perfoliatum
L., Boneset, Thoroughwort Image
2 3
E. purpureum L., Green-stemmed Joe-Pye-weed
=E.
falcatum Michx.
Eupatorium
purpureum (of Day, 1882) was redetermined to be Eupatorium
maculatum L.
(Zander & Pierce, 1979). Zenkert (1934, as E. falcatum Michx.)
reports the
species as "Rather rare. Open woods, edges of woods, in dry to
damp soil;
sparse." Eaton and Schrot (1987) report this species, in
Cattaraugus
County, as "Frequent along roadsides edges of woods, meadows,
alluvium of
Allegheny River; abundant."
Eupatorium
purpureum var. foliosum Fern. = Eupatorium maculatum L. var. foliosum (Fern.)
Wieg.
Eupatorium
purpureum var. maculatum (L.) Darl. = Eupatorium maculatum L. var. maculatum
E. rugosum
Houtt., White Snakeroot, White Sanicle Image 2
=Ageratina
altissima (L.) R. King & H. Robinson
=Eupatorium
ageratoides L.f.
=E.
urticaefolium Reich.
Eupatorium
urticaefolium Reich. = Eupatorium rugosum Houtt.
EUPHORBIA L. (Euphorbiaceae)
* E. corollata
L., Flowering Spurge, Tramp's Spurge, Wild-hippo Image 2
* E.
cyparissias L., Cypress
Spurge
* E. dentata Michx., Toothed Spurge
=Poinsettia
dentata (Michx.) Klotzsch & Garcke
* E. esula L., Leafy Spurge, Wolf's Milk
=E.
esula L. ssp. esula
=E.
esula L. ssp. tommasiniana (Bertol.) Nyman
=E.
x pseudovirgata (Schur.) Soó
=E.
virgata Waldst. & Kit.
* E.
helioscopia L., Sun
Spurge, Wartweed
Euphorbia
hirsuta (Torr.) Weig. = Chamaesyce vermiculata (Raf.) House
Euphorbia
humistrata of NY reports, not Engelm. = Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Small
Euphorbia
hypericifolia of authors and Ontario reports = Chamaesyce nutans (Lag.) Small
* E. lathyris L., Myrtle Spurge, Caper Spurge, Mole
Plant, Mole Spurge
Euphorbia
maculata L. = Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Small
Euphorbia
maculata of authors in part not (L.) Small = Chamaesyce nutans (Lag.) Small
Euphorbia nutans
Lag. = Chamaesyce nutans (Lag.) Small
* E. peplus L., Petty Spurge
Euphorbia platyph
