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BOTANICAL EVALUATION OF THE GOAT ISLAND COMPLEX, NIAGARA FALLS, NEW YORK |
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BRYOPHYTES: HISTORICAL DISCUSSION Although it is doubtless that Drummond collected at Niagara, it is unfortunate that some of the specimens he distributed in his Musci Americani do not derive from the Falls, or he mixed specimens from the western states with those from the east. The primary example is No. 120 of the exsiccat, issued as Didymodon trifarius. This is a mixed collection including D. rigidulus var. rigidulus, and a variety of D. rigidulus found only in the western states (var. icmadophilus). Didymodon fallax and D. tophaceus also occur in this collection. These also occur at the Falls, but they are common in the Rocky Mountains as well. Perhaps there was a certain confusion at the beginning of Drummond's collecting program and his specimens or notes were not cared for in the beginning as were his later collections. The first checklist of the mosses of New York State was produced by Charles Peck, in 1866, at the suggestion of his political mentor, George Clinton of Buffalo (see discussion regarding Peck in the mycological section). Clinton contributed records of bryophyte species from western New York State, also including bryophytes from the area of Niagara Falls and maintained a correspondence with Peck regarding moss studies from 1865 to 1879 - some 400 letters from which are archived in the research library of the Buffalo Museum of Science (Both, 1984). William Starling Sullivant (1803-1873) graduated in engineering from Yale, but turned to the study of the natural sciences, particularly botany, and to bryology, then not yet systematically explored or studied in the United States. His first bryological effort was the exsiccat of specimens entitled the Musci Allegheniensis* (around 50 copies, Sayre, 1971), based on collections made with Asa Gray. The first printing had beige labels, the second printing of 100 copies, had blue labels. Sullivant was beginning to elucidate bryology in North America in the publications of the American Academy of Science, and in editions of Gray's Manual of Botany. He collaborated with Leo Lesquereux in issuing the Musci Boreali-Americani** in two editions (1857 & 1866). His specimens are at Harvard (Humphrey, 1961). Leo Lesquereux (1806-1889) was Swiss born. He came to America in 1847 after having established his reputation based on a study of peat, which is a habitat heavily occupied by bryophytes (chiefly the moss Sphagnum). In the United States he collected bryophytes and other plants in the eastern United States, some of which were employed in his exsiccat, with Sullivant, the Musci Boreali-Americani. A specimen of Thuidium abietinum collected "in insula Goat Island dicta juxta cataractam Niagarae" was distributed in that exsiccat (No. 413, Ed. 2), as was Tortella tortuosa (No. 97b, Ed. 1; No. 137, Ed. 2). When Sullivant had died while developing a manual of the mosses of North America, Asa Gray encouraged Lesquereux to complete it, which he did, in collaboration with Thomas Potts James, then working on mosses at Harvard (Humphrey, 1961). Lesquereux and Jame's 1884 Manual was the first book published dealing with the moss flora of the continent to that time. References are made to collections from all over the United States and Mexico, including those made at Niagara Falls (Bryum cyclophyllum ("On stones wet by spray, at Niagara Falls (G. W. Clinton)"), Hypnum irriguum var. irriguum, Hypnum revolvens var. intermedium, etc.). It is in an earlier publication in 1866 by Charles H. Peck that we learn of Lesquereux's researches on Goat Island itself, where four species are represented from his collections there, and another four from the area of Niagara Falls. According to Peck, Lesquereux made collections throughout New York State, including Goat Island. Dicranum montanum was collected on the Island by Lesquereux, as was Anomodon viticulosus, Abietinella abietina (as Hypnum abietinum), Tortella tortuosa (as Barbula tortuosa), and Rhytidium rugosum (as Hypnum rugosum). He also found Orthotrichum anomalum and Bryum turbinatum at Niagara Falls (Peck, 1866). Lesquereux corresponded with George Clinton regarding mosses, and some of his letters are preserved in the archives of the Buffalo Museum of Science. Lesquereux assisted Peck in the compilation of the first checklist of the mosses of New York State. Louis Agassiz, as noted elsewhere in this text, passed through Goat Island with students and scholars from Harvard on their way to Lake Superior, prior to 1850. Perhaps it was on this expedition that Agassiz collected enough of the moss Orthotrichum anomalum to contribute to both editions of Sullivant and Lesquereux's Musci Boreali-Americani (No. 119, Ed.1; No. 177, Ed. 2). Thomas Potts James (1803-1882) published papers on North American mosses and liverworts before a manual existed for their identification in North America. He was able to study bryology at Harvard University, and there produced a number of early publications based on the study of bryophytes collected in geological surveys in western North America. He is most noted for his collaboration with Lesquereux on the Manual of North American Mosses, the first of its kind, which was published in 1884, two years after James' death (Humphrey, 1961). T. P. James had previously collected on Goat Island, publishing some of his discoveries (Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc.), noted by Peck (1866). For example he found Encalypta streptocarpa Hedw. at Niagara Falls, and Amblystegiella jungermannioides (as Hypnum sprucei) on Goat Island itself (cited in Day, 1883). Other specimens of James' from Niagara may be sought at the Farlow Cryptogamic Herbarium, Harvard University (FH) and the Herbarium of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (PH). Eugene A. Rau, of Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, home town also of Francis Wolle, the algologist and collector of mosses (see section on phycology and specimens listed below) did research in bryology, which contributed to Lesquereux and James' Mosses of North America (1884). Rau and A. B. Hervey published a catalogue of North American Mosses in 1880. His herbarium was purchased by the New York Botanical Garden in 1928, and specimens from Niagara are included in it. Mr. Rau collected at Niagara Falls (see Fissidens grandifrons below). Charles Reid Barnes (1858-1910), professor of botany at the University of Wisconsin, later at Chicago, and editor of the Botanical Gazette (Sayre, 1975), published Analytic Keys to the Genera and Species of North American Mosses in 1897 (1896, Sayre, 1975) since such a key was not provided by Lesquereux and James' North American flora. The moss genus Barnesia is named after him. Other specimens of his from Niagara may be sought in the herbaria at NY, F, PC and Y. See Anon, 1910; Cowles, 1910; Howe, 1910; Humphrey, 1961. In 1886 the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) was held in Buffalo, N.Y. - an event referred to by Superintendent Welch (3 Ann Rep Comm, 1888). A retinue of this group visited the Reservation and "discussed the geological features of Niagara, in convention." A review of the excursion-list which Welch scrupulously developed each year of the Reservation's existence revealed a notation for August 21, "Buffalo, N.Y., Scientists, 3 Cars, ca. 180 people." During the course of examining the labels of bryophyte specimens at the New York Botanical Garden, a series of labels from Niagara were noted (see below), quite a number of them collected on the same day, or the next - August 21 or 22, 1886. It is curious that specimens collected by Barnes (see list) were collected on Goat Island on August 21, 1886, the same day and place as some of Rau's. It seemed at first that both these men sent their collections to Elizabeth Gertrude Britton, a bryologist associated with the New York Botanical Garden, to verify, except that some labels include her name or initials as collector, along with the letters AAAS, for August 21. It then became apparent these specimens were collected by the participants in the AAAS foray of 1886 - Charles Barnes, Eugene Rau and Elizabeth Britton. The fifteenth meeting of the AAAS was sponsored by the young Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences (BSNS) in August, 1866. Founded in 1848, the AAAS had been suspending its national meetings during the Civil War since its 1860 meeting in Rhode Island "because of sectional strife" between members with southern or northern affinities. The BSNS again hosted the annual meeting of the AAAS on August 23, 1876 and a field trip to Niagara Falls was probable as the citizens of that town were thanked for their "magnificent hospitality" (Robertson, 1938). Foreign scientists participated in that meeting, due to the coincidence of the Centennial Exposition in Pennsylvania in the same year. It is probable that specimens collected from Goat Island made their way to herbaria overseas. The thirty-fifth AAAS meeting, sponsored again by the BSNS, held its field trip to Goat Island in the second year of the Reservation's existence - when the bryologists mentioned above made their collections. The final AAAS meeting sponsored by the BSNS was held in 1896, August 24-28 with an excursion to Niagara Falls "when the younger scientists enjoyed the rare privilege of collecting in company with some of the most noted scientists of the day" including Dr. and Mrs. Nathaniel Lord Britton (Elizabeth Gertrude Britton), Lucien M. Underwood and David F. Day (Robertson, 1938). After the death of Sullivant "no outstanding muscologist appeared [in America] ... until the adoption of bryology as a field of major interest by Elizabeth Gertrude Knight," later Britton (Steere, 1977). Elizabeth G. Britton (1858-1934) published many significant papers on bryology and was curator of mosses at the New York Botanical Garden in 1912. Mrs. Britton appears to have made no other collections at Niagara other than those made at the 1866 AAAS conference. Coe Finch Austin (1831-1880), who made collections at Niagara Falls on July 18th, 1874 (see specimens) published an exsiccat, the Musci Appalachiani, 1870, with a Supplement No. 1 in 1878. No. 496 of the Supplement came, in part, from Niagara Falls. In addition to this publication, in which several new species were introduced, Mr. Austin published other papers constituting revisions of taxa in the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club (Sayre, 1971). He was a collaborator with Sullivant, and worked with John Torrey for a while in the herbarium at Columbia College (later transferred to the New York Botanical Garden - see specimens. The specimens from Princeton may have had something to do with Torrey's activities, too). Austin was to become "the chief authority on the hepatics of North America" (Sayre, 1987). Lucien Marcus Underwood (1853-1907) was a hepaticologist, publishing, in 1884, his "Descriptive catalogue of the North American Hepaticae, north of Mexico." He was co-author with Orator Fuller Cook (1867-1949) of an exsiccat entitled Hepaticae Americanae Decades I-XX, numbers 1-200 issued from Syracuse, New York between 1887 and 1899 (Sayre, 1971), perhaps during the time he taught at Syracuse University (Haynes, 1908). Underwood was the author of the hepatic section of Gray's Manual of Botany, ed. 6, 890 (see Haynes, 1908; Curtis, 1908). Mr. Underwood also was present on the AAAS foray of 1886 (v. Reboulia hemisphaerica label information, below). Steven Thayer Olney (1812-1878), who collected at Niagara (see Didymodon tophaceus below) contributed to several specialties in North American botany: in North American plants of the genus Carex, with exsiccatae of his specimens, in the algae of Rhode Island, an exsiccat of which he published. He contributed collections of bryophytes as numbered sets in Sullivant and Lesquereux's second edition of their Musci Boreali-Americani (Sayre, 1975). His herbarium is at Brown University and perhaps other collections of plants from Niagara Falls may be found there (see Gray, 1879). Marshall Avery Howe (1867-1936) between 1891 and 1896 worked as Instructor in Cryptogamic Botany at the University of California. It was during this period Howe made this collection of Preissia quadrata on the Three Sisters Islands (see below). Howe's doctoral thesis, published in Mem. Torrey Club 7, 1899, was the Hepaticae and Anthocerotes of California. The section on Hepaticae in Grout's "Mosses with a Hand-Lens" (1924) was written by Howe (Sayre, 1971). Howe became curator of the herbarium at Columbia College and worked in this capacity from 1899 to 1901, becoming curator and later director of the New York Botanical Garden (Sayre, 1971). Sayre provides additional bibliography: American Men of Science; Journal of the New York Botanical Garden 38: 25-32, 1937; Bryologist Vol. 40: 33-36, 1937. George Clinton began to mention mosses on his day trips to Niagara in his journal on June 1, 1865. He began this document in 1862. On the first of June, 1865, near the DeVeaux section of the Niagara River Gorge, he found "on the wet rock, bulging masses of a nice dark green moss ... afterward noticed the same on the wet precipice below the American Staircase." Today, only occurring on the vertical dolomite faces of the gorge, including the Goat Island bluffs, these same dark green masses are seen to be primarily composed of the mosses Hymenostylium recurvirostrum and secondarily Didymodon tophaceus. In shale seepage further downstream in the gorge, Cratoneuron filicinum mats replace the previous two species. These mosses remove during photosynthesis "carbon dioxide from water charged with soluble calcium bicarbonate [resulting in] precipitation of insoluble calcium carbonate (Crum & Anderson, 1981) producing a soft, porous kind of stony material which frequently breaks off and falls to the talus below, where they are found by people who marvel at the calcified leafy stem-structures of the mosses in the texture of the rock. Some call these stony masses Didymodontoliths. These mosses and their tufa bases are typical of calcareous seeps and waterfalls all over North America, including the deserts of Arizona and New Mexico. On the same day, Clinton again found "a pretty, small fruited moss, and [Preissia quadrata]" near the American Staircase. On Goat Island he found "one or two mosses collected before." On June 10, he collected Barbula tortuosa var. (Tortella tortuosa now restricted to one place on the First of the Three Sisters Islands.) On July 26, he "picked up a little of 2 or 3 small mosses, one very small, like a Hypnum, growing on stones. Found the same on Goat Island, near the cascade. On August 8, "On wettish rocks, at and above top of talus, everywhere here & on Goat Island, below Biddle Staircase, Preissia commmutata [= P. quadrata], now past fruit, abundant. Near the water, a good way below the Staircase, on a large rock, a small moss in fruit, which may be new, not before collected by me [Gymnostomum crossed out]. Fissidens grandifrons does not extend far below the Staircase, nor have I found it on Goat Island... Descended the Biddle Staircase. Gymnostomum curvirostrum everywhere, common on wet rocks..." Preissia commutata [P. quadrata] still occurs in the place mentioned; the Gymnostomum curvirostrum is the Hymenostylium recurvirostrum mentioned above; Fissidens grandifrons may be found today on the north shore of Goat Island, and between Goat Island and the First Sister Island in ledges under falling water. It was about this time of the year that Clinton became interested in collecting Anomodon viticulosus on Goat Island, where earlier Lesquereux had collected it (Peck, 1866). Clinton had apparently found this species already at "Various localities about Niagara Falls" (Peck, 1866). On September 27, he "walked up to Goat Island down the Biddle Stairs & searched near the Middle & the British Falls for Anomodon viticulosus, then to the American Staircase & did the same at the American Fall." He must have written about it to Lesquereux, for on October 18, 1865, "Before breakfast, redc. letter from Dr. Lesquereux, giving the precise station of Anomodon viticulosus on Goat Island." He searched for it that day, "examined the station, but, alas! no Anomodon vit's there! The station was on Goat Island, on a rock, about halfway down the path leading from the Carriage way to the Bridge to Luna Island, not the Hog's Back path, but the one above it. There's no rock there. Perhaps the path has been changed since Dr. L. was there." Clinton's correspondence with Lesquereux included the exchange of specimens, for Clinton refers to having collected Orthotrichum cupulatum for him "from trees in the park opposite the Ferry House." Happily, on October 21, he "went to Goat Island, and, commencing at the end of the Bridge, explored the bank all the way down to opposite the middle of the island above Luna Island. Found no rock till I got there - a ridge of the bank, and there, quite close to the bank, was a large rock, in the earth on top of which was an Anomodon which I am confident is not A. obtusifolius (it turned out to be A. viticulosus). At the foot of the Cascade, in the water, growing on the rock ... Fissidens grandifrons." In 1866, on April 21, with a Mr. Pettibone, Clinton returned to Goat Island and "the channel between the Island & the First Sister being dry, I walked over & explored it. Hypnum nudum [Leskea polycarpa] abundant. Collected an Orthotrichum on Goat Island." on May 12, he found the liverwort Fegatella conica (= Conocephalum conicum) capitally "in fruit." In 1882, the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences, Buffalo, New York, published the first part of The Plants of Buffalo and Vicinity by David F. Day and listing the vascular flora. One year later the second part was issued containing treatments of the rather inconspicuous and less well known organisms: mosses, liverworts, lichens, fungi and algae - an ambitious undertaking which has been and still is seldom duplicated in floras and other botanical surveys. Day (1882) indicated the following regarding authorship: "Grateful acknowledgments are made to Mr. Charles H. Peck, of Albany, N.Y., the State Botanist, for his kindness in supervising and correcting our lists of Musci, Hepaticae and Fungi: - originally prepared by Judge Clinton, by whom all the species were detected, except as otherwise stated." Among numerous references in the 1883 publication were species found at the American Staircase (area below Prospect Point), Devil's Hole, Whirlpool Woods, Foster's Flats, and other localities in the Niagara River Gorge. The following bryophytes were reported from Goat Island: Musci: Bryoerythrophyllum recurvirostrum (Hedw.) Chen (as Barbula rubella Roth. Goat Is., Niagara River. Dicranum montanum Hedw. "Goat Is., Niagara Falls, Lesquereux," Sullivant. Fissidens grandifrons Brid. Goat Is., at the Cascade. Amblystegiella jungermannioides (Brid.) Giac. (as Hypnum sprucei Brch. Goat Is., Niagara Falls, [T.P.] James Hepaticae: Conocephalum conicum (L.) Lindb. (as Fegatella conica Corda.) Goat Is., Niagara Falls. On a more recent note, Dr. Ruth Schornherst Breen made collections at Niagara Falls when she was studying for her doctorate at the University of Michigan. Dr. Breen was President of the American Bryological and Lichenological Society and a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. She wrote a manual of the moss flora of Florida in 1963. Specimens of mosses collected at Goat Island and Niagara Falls seen at the Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C. (US) derive from the herbarium of Charles Mohr of Mobile, Alabama, a collector of the late 19th century who worked in Mexico, Europe and the United States. His collections were donated to the National Herbarium in 1901. Among his specimens were several from Niagara Falls, some collected Lesquereux, and in his company (v. Dicranum montanum, July 1866) and some by Francis Wolle (1817-1893, some of whose phycological specimens from the Falls are reported - see phycological section). Labels by Wolle specifically cite Goat Island as the collecting locality. Specimens from the New York Botanical Garden are indicated as (NY), from the Clinton Herbarium, Buffalo Museum of Science as (BUF), from the United States National Herbarium Smithsonian Institution as (US). BRYOPHYTES - HISTORICAL SPECIMENS [Aloina rigida (Hedw. ex Schultz) Kindb. gives the locality "Niagara" for a station of distribution for this species treated by Mrs. Ethelda J. Craig (Grout, 1936). This specimen could not be found at the New York Botanical Garden or the National Herbarium.] Anomodon viticulosus (Hedw.) Hook. & Tayl. Hab. Trunks of trees in Upper Canada; and about the Falls of Niagara. Musci Americani. Thomas Drummond. 1828 Torrey Herbarium (NY). [A specimen by George Clinton has not been found - see discussion above.] Barbula unguiculata Hedw. Niagara Falls, [Francis] Wolle (NY). Barbula unguiculata Hedw. Niagara Falls leg. C. F. Austin, July 18, 1874 Ex Herb. Eugene A. Rau, Bethlehem, Pa. (NY). Brachythecium rutabulum var. densum BSG Niagara Falls, N.Y. Goat Island M. F. Gunning, May, 1872 United States National Herbarium (US). Bryoerythrophyllum recurvirostrum (Hedw.) Chen (As Didymodon rubellus var.) Niagara Falls, N.Y. July 18th, 1874 North American Mosses From the Herbarium of Coe Finch Austin (NY). Bryum sp. Niagara Falls, N.Y. July 18, 1879 "Dupl. to Andrews not B. turbinatum fide A. Leroy A[ndrews"] Herbarium of Coe Finch Austin Purchased by Columbia College, 1880-1885 (NY). Bryum pseudotriquetrum (Hedw.) Gaertn., Meyer & Scherb. (As Bryum bimum (Brid.) Turn.) Niagara, N.Y. Goat Island F. Wolle, Coll. 25 July 1872 Herbarium of Charles Mohr, presented in 1901. United States National Herbarium (US). Bryum turbinatum (Hedw.) Turn. No. 190. Hab. ad rupes irroratas Niagarae cataractae; etiam in scaturiginosis Minnesotae. Musci Boreali-Americani sive Specimina Exsiccata Muscorum in Americae Rebuspublicis Foederatis detectorum conjunctis studiis W. S. Sullivant et L. Lesquereux MDCCCLVI Presentation copy to H. W. Ravenel Purchased from his estate by L. M. Underwood, 1892, New York Botanical Garden Underwood Collection, 1914. Bryum turbinatum (Hedw.) Turn. No. 287. Hab. ad rupes irroratas Niagarae cataractae; etiam in scaturiginosis Minnesotae. [Sullivant & Lesqureux, Musci Bor.-Amer. ed. 2] Dicranum montanum Hedw. No. 55. Hab. in truncis emortuis prope Niagarae cataractam. Musci Boreali-Americani sive Specimina Exsiccata Muscorum in Americae Rebuspublicis Foederatis detectorum conjunctis studiis W. S. Sullivant et L. Lesquereux MDCCCLVI Presentation copy to H. W. Ravenel Purchased from his estate by L. M. Underwood, 1892 New York Botanical Garden, Underwood Collection, 1914 (NY). Dicranum montanum Hedw. No. 55. Hab. in truncis emortuis prope Niagarae cataractam. Sullivant & Lesquereux, Musci Boreali-Americani, ed. 1. (NY). [it grows on dead [tree] trunks near the cataract of Niagara] (NY) Dicranum montanum Hedw. No. 71. Hab. in truncis emortuis prope Niagarae cataractam; etiam per montes Novaeboracenses sat frequens. Sullivant & Lesquereux, Musci Bor.-Amer. ed. 2 (NY). [it grows on dead tree trunks near the falls of Niagara; also it is quite frequent throughout the mountains of New York] Dicranum montanum Hedw. Locality: Niagara Falls Collect: Lesq[uereux] & Mohr July 1866 Flora: New York Herbarium of Charles Mohr, presented in 1901. United States National Herbarium (US) Didymodon fallax (Hedw.) Zand. (As Barbula fallax) with Didmodon trifarius No. 120, Falls of Niagara, Drummond. [Didymodon fallax has been isolated from the collection of Didymodon trifarious and made into a separate specimen, from the William Mitten herbarium, now at NY. R. Zander has examined this collection and determined it to be D. rigidulus var. icmadophilus, a variety from western North America.] Didymodon fallax (Hedw.) Zand. var. reflexus (Brid.) Zand. (As Tortula recurvifolia) No. 496. Hab. ... Watkin's Glen and Niagara Falls, New York ... Musci Appalachiani Supplement 1. Coe F. Austin 1878. Didymodon luridus Hornsch. var. cuspidatus Schimp. This species was noted from Niagara Falls, citing specimens of Drummond's and Clinton, by Lesquereux and James (1884). Didymodon luridus Hornsch. Locus: Niagara Falls, N.Y. G. W. Clinton, legit ex collectione Charles H. Peck Albany, N.Y. (NY). Didymodon luridus Hornsch. Niagara Falls Ex Coll. Geo. W. Clinton Herbarium Dr. E. C. Howe purchased 1902 (NY). Didymodon luridus Hornsch. Hab. Niagara Falls legit Clinton North American Mosses Eugene A. Rau, Bethlehem, Pa. (NY). Didymodon luridus Hornsch. Niagara Falls Coll. Francis Wolle 1873. Herbarium Coe Finch Austin Purchased by Columbia College, 1885-1887 (NY). Didymodon luridus Hornsch. Fr[uit]. Niagara Falls. 1873. F. Wolle [coll.] Cryptogamic Collection of John B. Leiberg North American Mosses Distributed from the Herbarium of Columbia College by E. G. Britton Presented to the United States National Museum, 1914, (US). Didymodon rigidulus Hedw. (As Trichostomum rigidulum) Hab. Niagara Falls, July 18, 1874 Leg. C. F. Austin Herbarium Eugene A. Rau, Bethlehem, Pa. The New York Botanical Garden. Moss Herbarium of Eugene A. Rau. Presented by Mr. Rau, 1928. (NY). Didymodon rigidulus Hedw. (As Trichostomum rigidulum) No. 102. Hab. ad Niagarae fluminis rupes humidas. Musci Boreali-Americani sive Specimina Exsiccata Muscorum in Americae Rebuspublicis Foederatis detectorum conjunctis studiis W. S. Sullivant et L. Lesquereux MDCCCLVI Presentation copy to H. W. Ravenel Purchased from his estate by L. M. Underwood, 1892 New York Botanical Garden Underwood Collection, 1914. [there is also a duplicate from Columbia University, ex Herb. N. B. Ward, 1896 (NY).] Didymodon rigidulus Hedw. (As Trichostomum rigidulum) No. 150. Hab. ad Niagarae fluminis rupes humidas. Sullivant & Lesquereux, Musci Bor.-Amer. ed. 2 (NY). Didymodon tophaceus (Brid.) Lisa (As Didymodon? diversifolius Austin) TYPE LOCALITY - description in Latin No. 115. Musci Appalachiani by Coe F. Austin, 1870 Hab. ... near Newville, Herkimer County, New York (1868). Also about Niagara Falls, S. T. Olney. Herbarium of J. A. Allen, 1912 (NY). Didymodon tophaceus (Brid.) Lisa (As Trichostomum tophaceum = T. rigidulum Aust. olim.) Hab. Niagara Falls, N.Y. Eugene A. Rau, Bethlehem, Pa. Moss Herbarium of Eugene A. Rau. Presented by Mr. Rau, 1928. North American Mosses (NY). Didymodon tophaceus (Brid.) Lisa Slate rocks, under the Horseshoe Falls at Niagara, N.Y. July 25th, 1927. Brother Leon [?]. Didymodon tophaceus (Brid.) Lisa Niagara Falls. G. W. Clinton, 1865 [leg.] Herbarium of Coe Finch Austin Purchased by Columbia College, 1885-1887 (NY). Didymodon tophaceus (Brid.) Lisa Niagara Falls. N.Y., S. T. Olney [leg.] Herbarium of Coe Finch Austin Purchased by Columbia College, 1885-1887 (NY). Didymodon tophaceus (Brid.) Lisa (As Trichostomum tophaceum var.) Niagara Falls. N.Y. July 18th, 1874. [leg.] C.F.A. Herbarium of Coe Finch Austin Purchased by Columbia College, 1885-1887 (NY). Didymodon trifarius Swartz No. 120. Hab. About the Falls of Niagara Drummond, Musci Americani. 1828. New York Botanical Garden. [Another collection of this species is stated as from the Rocky Mountains, also no. 120 in Drummond's exsiccat, cf. Crum & Anderson, 1981. Richard Zander has redetermined this specimen as Didymodon rigidulus var. rigidulus. A duplicate specimen is in the William Mitten herbarium, now at NY. Another "duplicate" of No. 120, from the Mitten herbarium was redetermined as D. tophaceus, fide Zander.] A specimen from the Mitten Herbarium labelled as Didymodon trifarius var. from North America, "on rocks and trunks of trees," No. 7, Nr. 138 has been redetermined as D. rigidulus var. rigidulus by Zander, for this study. Fissidens grandifrons Brid. Niagara Falls, New York Ex Coll. G. W. Clinton, Buffalo, N.Y. [in Clinton's handwriting] Herbarium of Dr. E. C. Howe, Purchased 1902 (NY). [Another specimen by Clinton is at New York from the herbarium of Dr. O. R. Willis, presented 1903, but without locality.] Fissidens grandifrons Brid. Locus Niagara Falls, N.Y. ex coll. Charles H. Peck, G.W. Clinton, legit. Albany, N.Y. Fissidens grandifrons Brid. Wet rocks, Niagara Falls. 1874. C.F.A. Herbarium of Coe Finch Austin Purchased by Columbia College, 1880-1885 (NY). Fissidens grandifrons Brid. Spring on Goat Id., Niagara Falls, N.Y. Aug. 27th, 1889 North American Mosses Named and presented by E. G. Britton (NY). Fissidens grandifrons Brid. Niagara River - Goat Id. 1886. Aug. 21 Named by C. R. Barnes North American Mosses Presented by E. G. Britton [inside packet] Stream below the spring, Goat Island, Niagara River. C. R. Barnes, legit. Aug. 21, 1886. Fissidens grandifrons Brid. No. 88. Hab. in rupibus irroratis ad Niagarae cataractam, sterilis. Musci Boreali-Americani sive Specimina Exsiccata Muscorum in Americae Rebuspublicis Foederatis detectorum conjunctis studiis W. S. Sullivant et L. Lesquereux MDCCCLVI Presentation copy to H. W. Ravenel Purchased from his estate by L. M. Underwood, 1892, Underwood Collection, 1914 (NY). Fissidens grandifrons Brid. Niagara Falls, G. W. Clinton Herbarium of Coe Finch Austin Purchased by Columbia College, 1880-1885 [inner packet:] Wet rocks, Niagara Falls, G. W. Clinton, leg. C[harles] H[orton] P[eck] misit. [Another label inside in-dicates the specimen derived from the Herbarium of C. F. Porter[?] Fissidens grandifrons Brid. Niagara Falls. F. Wolle, 1873. Herbarium of Coe Finch Austin Purchased by Columbia College, 1880-1885 (NY). Fissidens grandifrons Brid. (As Pachyfissidens grandifrons) Niagara Falls (American side) 26 August 1917. In drip, on limestone, within 25 feet of the American Falls. Coll. A. T. Beals Det. W[illiam] H. W[iegmann] Flora of New York (Musci Noveboracenses) Herbarium of William H. Wiegmann, M.D. (NY). Fissidens grandifrons Brid. Hab. Niagara Falls. No. 24 Coll. Eugene A. Rau, Bethlehem, Pa. Herbarium of J. A. Allen, 1912 (NY). Fissidens grandifrons Brid. Hab. Niagara Falls, 1873. F. Wolle North American Mosses Eugene A. Rau, Bethlehem, Pa. Moss Herbarium of Eugene A. Rau Presented by Mr. Rau, 1928 (NY). Fissidens grandifrons Brid. No. 483. Hab. Wet rocks, Niagara Falls and northwestward to the Rocky Mountains. Austin, Musci Appalachiani: Supplement I. Underwood Collection, 1914 (NY). Fissidens grandifrons Brid. Goat Island. Near the "Spring" Aug. 1886 L. M. U[nderwood leg.] The Underwood Collection, 1914 (NY). Fissidens grandifrons Brid. No. 186. Hab. ad Niagarae catafactam in rupibus irroratis. Musci Alleghaniensis. W. S. Sullivant, 1845. This copy of the work was presented by W. S. Sullivant to C. W. Short, M.D. with whose collections it came into the possession of the Philadelphia Academy of Science. It was purchased from the Academy by L. M. Underwood in November 1891. Underwood Collection, 1914 (NY). [Fissidens grandifrons Brid. "Abundant below Niagara Falls. (Lesq. & James.)" Printed on a label, probably of a Macoun exsiccat (Geological and Natural History Survey of Canada) No. 135. indicating the author was including Ontario in Lesquereux and James's references to "Niagara Falls". The is a specimen of F. grandifrons collected by John Macoun 16/5, 1901 "On rocks in a spring, Niagara Falls" No. 22 New York Botanical Garden, Mosses from Ontario, Canada]] Funaria sp. Luna Island, Niagara Falls, Aug. 21, 1886 [Eugene A. Rau collected a variety of mosses at Niagara on this date] (NY). Funaria americana L. Funaria hygrometrica var. patula. Musc. Appalach. N. Falls, 1873 [Francis] Wolle cum fructu (NY). Grimmia hookeri [Drummond as] nov. sp., No. 61. caulibus caespitosis brevibus, foliis linearibus obtusiusculis valde crispatis, seta elongata flexuosa, capsula elliptica laevi, operculo longe rostrato recto, calyptra campanulata stricta basi multifida. Hab. On a stone near the falls of Niagara in Upper Canada: rare. Musci Americani. Thomas Drummond. 1828. From the Torrey Herbarium (NY). Crum and Anderson (1981) cite Ontario (Niagara Falls) as one locality for Ptychomitrium incurvum, p. 670. Ketchledge, 1980, reports the distribution of this moss as occurring in the extreme southeastern portion of the State, around New York City. Crum and Anderson (1981) cite stations in New York west to Michigan, Iowa, Kansas, the Gulf States and Texas. Ontario is the only province in Canada in which this species occurs (Ireland, et al., 1980) -probably at Niagara. There is little reason to suppose this didn't come from Niagara, although on the Canadian side. It is unlikely Drummond collected this in the Rockies! Grimmia pilifera P.-Beauv. (As Grimmia pennsylvanica) No. 56. Hab. Near the Falls of Niagara; upon rocks. Musci Americani. Thomas Drummond. 1828. From the Torrey Herbarium (NY). Hymenostylium recurvirostrum (Hedw.) Dix. (As Gymnostomum curvirostrum) No. 25. Hab. - Falls of Niagara Musci Americani. Thomas Drummond. 1828. Torrey Herbarium (NY). Hymenostylium recurvirostrum (Hedw.) Dix. (As Gymnostomum curvirostrum) No. 52. Hab. ad rupes irriguas frequens. Musci Boreali-Americani sive specimina exsiccata muscorum in Americae Rebuspublicis Foederatis Detectorum, Conjunctis studiis W. S. Sullivant et L. Lesquereux. MDCCCLVI Columbia University, ex Herb. N. B. Ward, 1896 (NY). Hymenostylium recurvirostrum (Hedw.) Dix. (As Gymnostomum curvirostrum var.) [undescribed variety] No. 41. Capsula ovato-cylindrica fusco-lutea Hab. in rupibus irriguis Niagarae cataractae. MusciBoreali-Americani sive specimina exsiccata muscorum in Americae Rebuspublicis Foederatis Detectorum, Conjunctis studiis W. S. Sullivant et L. Lesquereux. MDCCCLVI Columbia University, ex Herb. N. B. Ward, 1896 New York Botanical Garden [This variety is not listed by either Sullivant & James (1884) [or ???]. Hymenostylium recurvirostrum (Hedw.) Dix. (As Gymnostomum curvirostrum) No. 25. Hab. Falls of Niagara Musci Americani. Thomas Drummond. 1828 Hooker's Journal of Botany 3:433. 1841 London Journal of Botany 2:664. 1843 (NY). Hymenostylium recurvirostrum (Hedw.) Dix. (As Gymnostomum curvirostrum) No. 40. Hab. ad rupes irriguas frequens. Musci Boreali-Americani sive specimina exsiccata muscorum in Americae Rebuspublicis Foederatis Detectorum, Conjunctis studiis W. S. Sullivant et L. Lesquereux. MDCCCLVI Columbia University, ex Herb. N. B. Ward, 1896 (NY). Hymenostylium recurvirostrum (Hedw.) Dix. (As Gymnostomum curvirostrum, var.) [undescribed variety] No. 53. Capsula ovato-cylindrica fusco-lutea. Hab. in rupibus irriguis Niagarae cataractae. MusciBoreali-Americani quorum specimina exsiccata W. S. Sullivant et L. Lesquereux. ediderunt. Editio Secunda, 1865 Presented to John Torrey by W. S. Sullivant [Another label: "2 Dups. Jaeger Herb." No. 777 H[ymenostylium] curvirostre Lindbg. var. ovatum Sull. Lesq. Sull. & Lesq. Bor. Amer. No. 53"] Hymenostylium recurvirostrum (Hedw.) Dix. (As Gymnostomum curvirostrum) No. 193. Hab. ad cataractam Niagarae. Musci Alleghanienses W. S. Sullivant, 1845. Coll. L. M. Underwood New York Botanical Garden [a duplicate is in the herbarium of William Mitten, 1906, now at the New York Botanical Garden] Hymenostylium recurvirostrum (Hedw.) Dix. (As Gymnostomum curvirostrum) Locus: Niagara Falls Ex Coll. G. W. Clinton Herbarium of Dr. E. C. Howe, now at the New York Botanical Garden [a duplicate exists from the herbarium of Charles H. Peck] Hymenostylium recurvirostrum (Hedw.) Dix. (As Gymnostomum curvirostrum) var. commutatum Rocks. Niagara. N. America [collector unknown] Herbarium William Mitten 1906, presented to the New York Botanical Garden. Hymenostylium recurvirostrum (Hedw.) Dix. (As Gymnostomum curvirostrum) Niagara Falls, On calcareous region. Aug. 26, 1917. Coll. A. T. Beals Herbarium of William H. Wiegman, M.D. (NY). Hymenostylium recurvirostrum (Hedw.) Dix. (As Gymnostomum curvirostrum) Niagara, on limestone. Ruth Schornherst Ann Arbor, Michigan July 17, 1937 Herbarium Florida State University now at New York Botanical Garden. Hymenostylium recurvirostrum (Hedw.) Dix. (As Gymnostomum rupestre) Niagara Falls legit G. W. Clinton "Two things: one is Seligeria (removed), the other as named" Examined for North American Flora Det. by A. Le Roy Andrews Herb. Dr. E. C. Howe (NY). Hymenostylium recurvirostrum (Hedw.) Dix. (As Gymnostomum rupestre) fide Lesq. & James. Didymodon Clintoni Austin. Torrey, Bulletin Vol. vi p. 42 Niagara Clinton New Providence. Wm. Mulligan Sept, 1873 North American Mosses Eugene A. Rau, Bethlehem, Pa. (NY). Hymenostylium recurvirostrum (Hedw.) Dix. (As Gymnostomum rupestre) Hab. On ground towards 3 Sister Islands, Niagara Falls. Aug. 21, 1886 [Coll. E. A. Rau - cf. other collections with this date] North American Mosses Herb. Eugene A. Rau, Bethlehem, Pa. [Duplicates of this collection are in the herbarium of Coe Finch Austin, and the herbarium of what was to become Columbia University, both now at NY. This species usually grows on rock, not soil, and is indirect evidence for thin soil and bedrock exposure on the southeast end of Goat Island.] A specimen of H. recurvirostrum was collected at the Biddle Stairs, "on damp rocks at Niagara Falls below Biddle's Staire, Goat Island, Sept. 1853" on a label in a specimen from the Chapman Collection, which at one time was in the Torrey Herbarium, another in the Columbia University Herbarium and now at the New York Botanical Garden. The collector is not mentioned - perhaps Chapman?. [H. recurvirostrum, as G. curvirostrum is noted as "very abundant at Niagara Falls" by Lesquereux and James, 1884; no variety is mentioned.] Hyophila involuta (Hook.) Jaeg. & Sauerb. (As Pottia riparia Austin) Hab. Niagara Falls. 1873. Legit Rev. F. Wolle. North American Mosses Eugene A. Rau, Bethlehem, Pa. New York Botanical Garden [A duplicate went to the herbarium of Coe Finch Austin, purchased later by Columbia University, and now at NY. Orthotrichum anomalum Hedw. Hab. Niagara. 1873. leg. F. Wolle. Herb. Eugene A. Rau, Bethlehem, Pa. The New York Botanical Garden. Moss Herbarium of Eugene A. Rau. Presented by Mr. Rau, 1928. North American Mosses. [over handwritten label] (NY). Orthotrichum anomalum Hedw. Niagara Falls, N.Y. Coll.H. Gillman. Plants of New York. From the Princeton University Herbarium (NY). Orthotrichum anomalum Hedw. Niagara Falls. Rev. F. Wolle. 1873 - . Herbarium of Coe Finch Austin. Purchased by Columbia College, 1885 - 1887. New York Botanical Garden. Herbarium of Mr. P. V. LeRoy, Purchased 1898. Orthotrichum anomalum Hedw. Hab. Niagara Falls - Clinton. "trees above Falls / Clinton" North American Mosses. Eugene A. Rau, Bethlehem, Pa. (NY) [several collections of this species exist, made by George Clinton, but no localities were given: one presented to the New York Botanical Garden (NY) in the Herbarium of Dr. O. R. Willis (presented 1903), and another from the Princeton Herbarium (deposited 1945). Orthotrichum anomalum Hedw. No. 119. Sull. & Lesq. Musci Boreali-Americani. Ed. I Niagara - Agassiz (BUF, NY) Orthotrichum anomalum Hedw. No. 177. Sull. & Lesq. M. Bor. Am. Ed. 2. Ad rupes Niagara (Agassiz) Hb. ... 28.2.... (NY). Orthotrichum anomalum Hedw. No. 119. Hab. ad rupes Niagarae cataractae (Agassiz). Musci Boreali-Americani sive specimina exsiccata muscorum in Americae Rebuspublicis Foederatis Detectorum, Conjunctis studiis W. S. Sullivant et L. Lesquereux. MDCCCLVI. Columbia University, ex Herb. N. B. Ward, 1896 (NY). [Phascum cuspidatum var. elatum Hook. et Tayl. Hab. sandy field near the Falls of Niagara. Drummond's Musci Americani? No. 6 (NY)] Philonotis fontana (Hedw.) Brid. (As Bartramia fontana var. falcata) Niagara Falls, 1873. Rev. F. Wolle Herbarium of Coe Finch Austin Purchased by Columbia College, 1885-1887 (NY). Platydictya minutissimum (Sull. & Lesq. ex Sull.) Crum (As Amblystegium minutissimum) Niagara Falls, N.Y. July 18, 1874 [perhaps Coe F. Austin, as several other collections were made by him on that day, cf. Barbula unguiculata, Bryoerythrophyllum recurvirostrum, Didymodon rigidulus, D. tophaceus] Pterogonium trichomitrion Hedw. No. 78. Hab. Trunks of trees in Upper Canada; about the Falls of Niagara. Musci Americani. Thomas Drummond. 1828. Torrey Herbarium (NY) Rhytidium rugosum (Hedw.) Kindb. Hab. Niagara Falls. Leg. F. Wolle, 1873. North American Mosses Herb. Eugene A. Rau, Bethlehem, Pa. [An apparent duplicate is in the herbarium of Coe Finch Austin, NY] Thuidium abietinum (Hedw.) BSG Niagara Falls. Rev. Francis Wolle 1873. Herbarium of Coe Finch Austin Purchased by Columbia College, 1885-1887 (NY). Thuidium abietinum (Hedw.) BSG (As Hypnum abietinum) No. 413. Hab. in sylvis Lacus Superioris (cl. Agassiz comm.) etiam in insula Goat Island dicta juxta cataractam Niagarae. Sullivant & Lesquereux, Musci Boreali-Americani ed 2. Ex Herb Leo Lesquereux, Columbus, Ohio (NY). Thuidium abietinum (Hedw.) BSG (As Hypnum abietinum) No. 280. Musci Boreali-Americani sive Specimina Exsiccata Muscorum in Americae Rebuspublicis Foederatis detectorum conjunctis studiis W. S. Sullivant et L. Lesquereux MDCCCLVI Presentation copy to H. W. Ravenel Purchased from his estate by L. M. Underwood, 1892 New York Botanical Garden Underwood Collection, 1914. New York also has a copy from the herbarium of N. B. Ward, 1896, purchased by Columbia College.] Thuidium abietinum (Hedw.) BSG Niagara Falls. Rev. F. A. Wolle N. American Mosses G. N. Best, Rosemont, N.J. ex herb. C. C. (NY) [Another specimen from Niagara, dated Aug. 1873 by Wolle is in the herbarium of Eugene A. Rau, now at NY). Thuidium pygmaeum BSG Niagara (American) Falls, N.Y. On moist limestone and on small limestone pebbles. Coll. A. T. Beals. Flora of New York, Herbarium of William H. Wiegmann, M.D. (NY) Tortella fragilis (Drumm.) Limpr. (As Barbula fragilis) Table Rock, Niagara Falls [perhaps Canada?] Herbarium of Coe Finch Austin Purchased by Columbia College, 1885-1887 (NY). Tortella fragilis (Drumm.) Limpr. (As Barbula fragilis) Hab. Niagara Falls, July, 1874. North American Mosses. leg. [Coe Finch] Austin The New York Botanical Garden Moss Herbarium of Eugene A. Rau Presented by Mr. Rau, 1928 (NY) Tortella fragilis (Drumm.) Limpr. (As Barbula fragilis) Hab. Niagara Falls, July, 1874. leg. Austin. Eugene A. Rau, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania The New York Botanical Garden Moss Herbarium of Eugene A. Rau Presented by Mr. Rau, 1928 (NY). Tortella humilis (Hedw.) Jenn. (As Barbula caespitosa) Goat Island. Niagara Falls, N.Y. June. Coll. A. Barroni Herbarium of Coe Finch Austin Purchased by Columbia College, 1885-1887 (NY). Tortella tortuosa (Hedw.) Limpr. (As Barbula tortuosa) Niagara Falls. G. W. Clinton, Coll. Herbarium Dr. E. C. Howe (NY). [Another specimen of Clinton's was distributed to Princeton University Herbarium by Charles H. Peck of Albany. Another was collected on Goat Island by Clinton in June, 1865 - in the herbarium of Coe Finch Austin.] Tortella tortuosa (Hedw.) Limpr. (As Barbula fragilis) Sister Id. no. 1. Niagara Falls, N.Y. August 22d, 1886. AAAS Mg. E[lizabeth] G B[ritton] & E.A. Rau (NY). Tortella tortuosa (Hedw.) Limpr. (As Barbula tortuosa) No. 97b Hab. ad rupes calcarias insulae Goat Island dictae, juxta cataractam Niagarae [on calcareous rocks of the island called Goat Island, beside the cataract at Niagara]. Musci Boreali-Americani sive specimina exsiccata muscorum in Americae Rebuspublicis Foederatis Detectorum, Conjunctis studiis W. S. Sullivant et L. Lesquereux. MDCCCLVI. Ed. 1. Columbia University, es Herb. N. B. Ward, 1896 (NY). Tortella tortuosa (Hedw.) Limpr. (As Barbula tortuosa) Niagara Falls. Reverend F. Wolle, 1873. Herbarium Coe Finch Austin (NY). Tortella tortuosa (Hedw.) Limpr. (As Barbula tortuosa) No. 137. Hab. ad rupes calcarias insulae Goat Island dictae, juxta cataractam Niagarae. Musci Boreali-Americani quorum specimina exsiccata W.S. Sullivant et L. Lesquereux ediderunt. Editio secunda, 1865. Presented to John Torrey by W. S. Sullivant (NY). Tortula mucronifolia Schwaegr. (As Barbula mucronifolia) Niagara Falls leg. Rev. F. Wolle, 1873. Herbarium of Coe Finch Austin Purchased by Columbia College, 1885-1887 (NY). Tortula mucronifolia Schwaegr. (As Barbula mucronifolia) Luna Island, Niagara Falls, N.Y. E. G. Britton. E. A. Rau. Aug. 21, 1886. North American Mosses named and presented by E. G. Britton Aug. 21, 1886 (NY). Tortula mucronifolia Schwaegr. (As Barbula mucronifolia) Hab. banks of Luna Island, Niagara Falls. North American Mosses. Aug. 1886. Eugene A. Rau, Bethlehem, Pa. *Musci Alleghaniensis Sive Spicillegia Muscorum Atque Hepaticarum Quos In Itinere A Marylandia Usque Ad Georgiam Per Tractis Montium A.D. M DCCC XLIII. Decerpserunt Asa Gray Et W. S. Sullivant (Interjectis Nonnulis Aliunde Collectis). Concinnavit Et Exposuit W. S. Sullivant. Columbus, Ohio, 1846 (Sayre, 1971). ** Musci Boreali-Americani, Sive Specimina Exsiccata Muscorum in Americae Resbuspuboicis Foederatis Detectorum, Conjunctis Studiis W. S. Sullivant Et. L. Lesquereux. Columbi Ohioensium, 1857 (Sayre, 1971). [Trichostomum articles, see below]
MOSSES: RECENT RECORDS Amblystegium fluviatile (Hedw.) BSG Goat Island, southwestern shore just above Three Sisters Island, edge root mat of Cornus stolonifera, with Philonotis marchica, 28686, June 9, 1986 (BUF). Second Sister, east end, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16395 (BUF, NY). Amblystegium riparium (Hedw.) BSG Goat Island, extensive mat on wet soil by river edge, southeast end in mats, Eckel, June 3, 1987 (BUF). Second Sister, west end, tree roots, wet in high water, Oct. 29, 1988 (BUF). Amblystegium serpens (Hedw.) BSG. Goat Island, soaking soil by rushing water, low area, calcareous substrate, NF11, May 5, 1984 (BUF); north slope, 1 Nov. 1988, W.Buck 162 (BUF, NY), 16298 (BUF, NY), Buck 16309 (BUF, NY). Amblystegium serpens var. juratzkanum (Schimp.) Rau & Herv. Base of Goat Island, spray area of Horseshoe Falls, near river, thin soil over rocks, base of falls, with Fissidens cristatus, Zander 3475b, Oct. 28, 1979 (BUF). Amblystegium tenax (Hedw.) C. Jens. var. tenax Goat Island, north slope, 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16285 (BUF, NY); north slope, west end on brickwork, Eckel, May 20, 1988 (BUF); just west of the Three Sisters, wet base of Cornus stolonifera island, with Lythrum, Eckel, June 4, 1988 (BUF), Sept. 9, 1984 (BUF). Base of Goat Island, 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16356 (BUF, NY). Terrapin Point, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16440 (NY). Luna Island, 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16318 (BUF, NY), Buck 16332 (BUF, NY). First Sister, west end, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16421 (BUF, NY), 16427 (BUF, NY). Second Sister, west end, tree roots, wet in high water, Oct. 29, 1988 (BUF); west end, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16382 (NY); east end, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16398 (BUF, NY), Buck 16403 (BUF, NY), Buck 16406 (BUF, NY). Third Sister, west end, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16436 (BUF, NY); east end, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16431 (BUF, NY), Buck 16433 (BUF, NY). Amblystegium trichopodium (Schultz) Hartm. (As Leptodictyum trichopodium (Schultz) Warnst.) Third Sister, west end, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16435 (NY). Amblystegium varium (Hedw.) Lindb. Goat Island, just west of the Three Sisters, wet base of Cornus stolonifera island, with Lythrum, Eckel, June 4, 1988 (BUF). Base of Goat Island, spray zone of Horseshoe Falls, near river, soil under boulder, Zander 3478, Oct. 28, 1970 (BUF). Anomodon attenuatus (Hedw.) Hueb.Goat Island, north slope, 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16295 (BUF, NY). First Sister, west end, P.M. Eckel, 880723, July 8, 1987 (BUF);2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16429 (BUF, NY). Anomodon rostratus (Hedw.) Schimp. First Sister, west end, P. M. Eckel, 880726, July 8, 1987 (BUF);1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16335 (BUF, NY). Third Sister, on boulder, NE end, Eckel, Sept. 29, 1988 (BUF). Barbula unguiculata Hedw. Goat Island, dolomite ballast, SE end, Eckel, 880721, June 4, 1988 (BUF); north slope, facing Luna Island, Eckel, May 2, 1988 (BUF); west parking lot, lawn and wood margin, Eckel & Eckel, 880719, April 23, 1988 (BUF); SW shore, river's edge, shaded thicket, Eckel & Eckel, 880721, July 8, 1986 (BUF); behind restaurant, base of tree, with Pottia truncata and Phascum cuspidatum, Oct. 29, 1988 (BUF); weedy bank facing the Three Sisters, Eckel, Sept. 9, 1984 (BUF). Base of Goat Island, spray area of American Falls, talus, midslope soil, trailside. Zander 3454a, Oct. 28, 1979 (BUF); just outside spray area of Horseshoe Falls, on rubble, talus slope, Zander 3489, Oct. 28, 1970 (BUF). Barbula unguiculata fo. apiculata Goat Island, north slope, west end on brickwork, Eckel, May 20, 1988 (BUF). Brachythecium oxycladon (Brid.) Jaeg. First Sister, west end, 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16334 (BUF, NY); east end, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16415 (NY). Second Sister, west end, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16385 (BUF, NY); east end 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16399 (BUF, NY), Buck 16412 (BUF, NY). Third Sister, east end, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16434 (BUF, NY). Brachythecium rivulare BSG. Goat Island, dolomite flats above the Horseshoe Falls, Eckel, July 5, 1988 (BUF). Brachythecium rutabulum (Hedw.) BSG Goat Island, margin of woods, edge of west parking lot. With Mnium cuspidatum, 8705226, Aug. 18, 1986 (BUF); wooded slope, north end, west of vehicular bridge, Eckel, 880708, April 20, 1988 (BUF). Terrapin Point, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16444 (BUF, NY). Luna Island, 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16321 (BUF, NY). Third Sister, east end, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16430 (BUF, NY). Brachythecium salebrosum (Web. & Mohr) BSG. Goat Island, dolomite flats above the Horseshoe Falls (autoicous), Eckel, July 5, 1988 (BUF). Bryoerythrophyllum recurvirostrum (Hedw.) Chen First Sister, west end, on dolomite boulders with Fissidens taxifolius, Weisia controversa, Carex eburnea. 87312, Sept. 12, 1986 (BUF); 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16423 (NY); east end, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16414 (BUF, NY). Bryum argenteum Hedw. Goat Island, dolomite ballast, SW end, Eckel, 880723, June 4, 2988 (BUF); May 22, 1988 (BUF). Base of Goat Island, spray zone of American Falls, talus, midslope, pathside, thin soil, Zander 3452b, Oct. 28, 1979 (BUF). Bryum caespiticium Hedw. Luna Island, 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16325 (BUF, NY). Bryum cyclophyllum (Schwaegr.) BSG Crum and Anderson (1981) cite a reference by Lesquereux and James (1884) to a collection of this species made by George Clinton from "stones wet by spray, at Niagara Falls." A specimen that Crum and Anderson found in the herbarium of the University of Colorado filed under the name Bryum clintonii Aust. from Buffalo, New York, was found by them to be Bryum cyclophyllum. Bryum capillare Hedw. var. flaccidum (Brid.) BSG. (As Bryum flaccidum Brid.) Terrapin Point, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16441 (BUF, NY). Luna Island, 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16316 (BUF, NY), Buck 16320 (BUF, NY). First Sister, west end, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16418 (BUF, NY). Bryum lisae De Not. var. cuspidatum (BSG) Marg. Goat Island, north slope, 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16300 (NY). Goat Island, dolomite ballast, southeast end, Eckel, May 22, 1988 (BUF). Bryum pseudotriquetrum (Hedw.) Gaertn. Meyer & Scherb. Goat Island, north side in moist protected cove just west of the vehicular bridge, in dolomite strata in seepage, with Fissidens grandifrons 86121702 Sept. 12, 1986 (BUF). Calliergonella cuspidata (Hedw.) Loeske Base of Goat Island, 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16353 (BUF, NY), 16358 (NY). Terrapin Point, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16445 (BUF, NY). Campylium chrysophyllum (Brid.) J. Lange Base of Goat Island, 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16360 (BUF, NY); just outside spray area of Horseshoe Falls, boulder, thin soil, with Hyophila involuta, Drepanocladus aduncus, Zander 3482, Oct. 28, 1970 (BUF). Second Sister, east end, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16396 (BUF, NY). Campylium stellatum (Hedw.) C. Jens. Base of Goat Island, 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16362 (BUF, NY). Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid. Goat Island, lawn by west end parking lot, Eckel & Eckel, April 23, 1988 (BUF); lawn, base of Acer rubrum, just E of pedestrian bridge, Oct. 28, 1988 (BUF); dolomite ballast, southeast end, Eckel, May 22, 1988 (BUF); north slope, facing Luna Island, Eckel, May 2, 1988 (BUF). Base of Goat Island, spray zone of American Falls, talus, midslope, pathside, thin soil, Zander 3452a, Oct. 28, 1979 (BUF); spray area of American Falls, talus, midslope, soil, trailside, Zander 3454c, Oct. 28, 1979 (BUF). First Sister west end, 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16337 (BUF, NY). Second Sister, west end, tree roots, wet in high water, Oct. 29, 1988 (BUF); 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16365 (BUF, NY), Buck 16378 (BUF, NY). Cratoneuron filicinum (Hedw.) Spruce Goat Island, just west of the Three Sisters, wet base of Cornus stolonifera island, with Lythrum, Eckel, June 4, 1988 (BUF). Base of Goat Island, 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16351 (BUF, NY), Buck 16355 (BUF, NY), 16361 (BUF, NY); just outside spray area of Horseshoe Falls, Sandstone wall, Zander 3495a, Oct. 28, 1979 (BUF); spray area of American Falls, talus, wet rocks, Zander 3443a, Oct. 28, 1979 (BUF); spray area of American Falls, talus, wet rocks, with Amblystegium varium, Zander 3442, Oct. 28, 1979 (BUF); spray area of American Falls, talus, midslope, soil, trailside, Zander 3454b, Oct. 28, 1979 (BUF); just outside spray area of Horseshoe Falls, talus slope, dripping area, rocks, with Didymodon tophaceus, Zander 3493b, Oct. 28, 1979 (BUF); spray area of Horseshoe Falls, near river, thin soil, base of falls. Zander 3472, Oct.28, 1979 (BUF). Terrapin Point, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16447 (BUF, NY). Second Sister, east end, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16408 (BUF, NY). Dicranella heteromalla (Hedw.) Schimp. Second Sister, west end, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16368 (BUF, NY). Dicranella varia (Hedw.) Schimp. Base of Goat Island, just outside spray area of Horseshoe Falls, midslope, soil over boulders, Zander 3487, Oct. 28, 1970 (BUF). Didymodon fallax (Brid.) Zand. Base of Goat Island, spray zone of American Falls, talus, midslope, pathside, thin soil, Zander 3451, Oct. 28, 1979 (BUF). Second Sister, west end, tree roots, wet in high water, Oct. 29, 1988 (BUF) Didymodon rigidulus Hedw. Third Sister, west end, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16438 (BUF, NY). Didymodon tophaceus (Brid.) Lisa Goat Island, dolomite ballast, SE end, Eckel, 880722, June 4, 1988 (BUF). Base of Goat Island, just outside spray area of Horseshoe Falls, on rubble, talus slope, Zander 3491a, Oct. 28, 1979 (BUF); just outside spray area of Horseshoe Falls, talus slope, dripping area, rocks, Zander 3493, Oct. 28, 1979 (BUF). Second Sister, west end, tree roots, wet in high water, Oct. 29, 1988 (BUF) Drepanocladus aduncus (Hedw.) Warnst. Second Sister, east end, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16407 (BUF, NY). Drepanocladus exannulatus (BSG) Warnst. Base of Goat Island, just outside spray area of Horseshoe Falls, on rubble, talus slope, with Didymodon tophaceus, Hymenostylium recurvirostrum, Zander 3488, Oct. 28, 1970 (BUF). Encalypta procera Bruch Base of Goat Island, spray area of American Falls, talus, crevices, rock piles along path. Zander 3450b, Oct. 28, 1979 (BUF). Entodon seductrix (Hedw.) C. Muell. Second Sister west end, on rotten log, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck16372 (BUF, NY). Eurhynchium hians (Hedw.) Sande-Lac. Goat Island, north slope, 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16311 (BUF, NY). First Sister, west end, 2 Nov 1988, Buck 16426A (BUF, NY). Fissidens adianthoides Hedw. Base of Goat Island, 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16350 (BUF, NY); spray zone of American Falls, talus, soil over boulder, Zander 3448, Oct. 28 (BUF); spray area of American Falls, talus, crevices, rock piles along path. Zander 3450a, Oct. 28, 1979 (BUF); spray area of Horseshoe Falls, near River, underside of large boulder, Zander, 3466a, Oct. 28, 1979 (BUF); spray area of Horseshoe Falls, near river, soil under boulder, Zander 3477, Oct.28, 1979 (BUF). Terrapin Point, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16446 (BUF, NY). Fissidens bryoides Hedw. Goat Island, central woods on smooth cobble, shade, "minutulus,"with Thuidium pygmaeum, Eckel, Sept. 9, 1984 (BUF). Fissidens cristatus Wils. ex Mitt. Base of Goat Island, spray zone of Horseshoe Falls, near river, thin soil over rocks, base of falls, with Amblystegium serpens var. juratzkanum, Zander 3475a, Oct. 28, 1979 (BUF). First Sister, west end, 880724, July 8, 1987 (BUF); (as Fissidens dubius P. -Beauv.) 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16343A (BUF, NY). Second Sister, west end, tree roots, wet in high water, Oct. 29, 1988 (BUF) Fissidens grandifrons Brid. Goat Island, north side in moist protected cove just west of the vehicular bridge, in dolomite strata in seepage, with Bryum pseudotriquetrum, 86121702 Sept. 12, 1986 (BUF); June 4, 1986 (BUF). Base of Goat Island, spray area of American Falls, talus, thin soil, crevices of rock, Zander 3445a, Oct. 28, 1979 (BUF); spray zone of American Falls, talus, thin soil, crevices of rock, with Hymenostylium recurvirostrum, Zander, 3444b, Oct. 28, 1979 (BUF). Peck (187...) reported Chittenango Falls as "our most eastern known station of this interesting ... moss," Niagara Falls perhaps at the time being the only other station in New York State. Fissidens taxifolius Hedw. Goat Island, south side, wooded slopes just N of bridge to First Sister Island, on soil, Eckel, Sept. 30, 1988 (BUF); north slope, 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16286 (NY). Luna Island, 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16323 (BUF, NY). Funaria hygrometrica Hedw. Goat Island, dolomite ballast, SE end, Eckel, 880722, June 4, 1988 (BUF); May 22, 1988 (BUF); north slope facing Luna Island, Eckel, May 2, 1988 (BUF). Goat Island, chink in stone bridge to the First Sister Island, Eckel, April 26, 1987 (BUF). Luna Island, 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16330 (NY). First Sister, west end, 880725, July 8, 1987 (BUF). Grimmia alpicola Hedw. var. alpicola Goat Island, south side, wooded slopes just N of bridge to First Sister Island, on boulder, Eckel, Sept. 30, 1988 (BUF). Bridge from Goat Island to the First Sister, in depression, with lichens, Eckel, Sept. 29, 1988 (BUF). Luna Island (as Schistidium alpicola (Hedw.) Limpr.) 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16319 (NY). Second Sister, east end (as Schistidium alpicola (Hedw.) Limpr.?]]2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16411 (NY). Homomallium adnatum (Hedw.) Broth. First Sister, west end, 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16342 (NY). Second Sister, west end, on glacial erratic, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16364 (BUF, NY) Hymenostylium recurvirostrum (Hedw.) Dix. Base of Goat Island, 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16354 (BUF, NY); just outside spray area of Horseshoe Falls, boulder, thin soil, midslope. With Tortella fragilis, Hyophila involuta, Trichostomum crispulum, Zander, 3484d Oct. 28, 1979 (BUF); just outside spray area of Horseshoe Falls, on rubble, talus slope, Zander 3491b, Oct. 28, 1979 (BUF); spray zone of American Falls, talus, thin soil, crevices of rock, Zander 3444a, Oct. 28, 1979 (BUF); just outside spray area of Horseshoe Falls, vertical rock face of gorge, with Preissia quadrata, Zander 3492a, Oct.28, 1979 (BUF); spray area of Horseshoe Falls, near river, soil under boulder, Zander 3478, Oct.28, 1979 (BUF). Luna Island, 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16331 (NY). Hyophila involuta (Hook.) Jaeq. & Sauerb. Base of Goat Island, just outside spray area of Horseshoe Falls, boulder, thin soil, midslope. with Tortella fragilis, Hymenostylium recurvirostrum, Trichostomum crispulum, Zander 3484c Oct. 28, 1979 (BUF); just outside spray area of Horseshoe Falls, boulder, thin soil, Zander 3480, Oct. 28, 1970 (BUF); spray area of Horseshoe Falls, near river, thin soil in crevice of boulder, Zander 3469, Oct. 28, 1970 (BUF). Hedwigia ciliata (Hedw.) P.-Beauv. Second Sister, west end, on glacial erratic, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16380 (NY). Hypnum lindbergii Mitt. Second Sister, east end, thin soil over dolomite flats, open area with Salix, Cornus, Betula, Lythrum, Carices, P.M. Eckel 86121701, Sept. 12, 1986 (BUF); east end, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16404 (BUF, NY); west end, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16379 (BUF, NY). Hypnum pallescens (Hedw.) P.-Beauv. Second Sister, west end, on trunk of Salix, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16388 (BUF, NY). Leskea polycarpa Hedw. First Sister, west end, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16419 (BUF, NY). Mnium affine var. ciliare C. M. Goat Island, dolomite flats above the Horseshoe Falls, Eckel, July 15, 1988 (BUF). Mnium cuspidatum Hedw. Goat Island, margin of woods, edge of west parking lot, with Brachythecium rutabulum, 8705227, Aug. 18, 1986 (BUF); SW shoreline, flats east of the Horseshoe Falls, wet hummock, roots of Cornus, Eckel 880716, June 3, 1987 (BUF). Second Sister, west end, (as Plagiomnium cuspidatum (Hedw.) Kop.), 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16390 (BUF, NY); east end, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16401 (BUF, NY) Third Sister, in vug of dolomite boulder, Eckel & Eckel 8703252, March 3, 1987 (BUF). Mnium thomsonii Schimp. First Sister west end, P. M. Eckel, 880720, July 8, 1987 (BUF); 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16338 (NY). Orthotrichum anomalum Hedw. Goat Island, south side, wooded slopes just N of bridge to First Sister Island, on boulder, Eckel, Sept. 30, 1988 (BUF); north slope, 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16301 (BUF, NY). First Sister, west end, 880721, July 8, 1987 (BUF). Orthotrichum pumilum Sw. Goat Island, north slope, base of maple, 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16293 (NY). Orthotrichum pusillum Mitt. Goat Island, north slope, base of maple, 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16287 (NY). Phascum cuspidatum Hedw. Goat Island, lawn margin, west parking lot, Eckel & Eckel, April 23, 1988 (BUF); behind restaurant, base of tree, Oct. 29, 1988 (BUF); north side, base of Acer saccharum, "island of roads,"Nov. 10, 1988 (BUF). Philonotis marchica (Hedw.) Bridel Goat Island, southwest shore just above the Three Sisters, with Amblystegium fluviatile, wet root masses of Cornus stolonifera, Lythrum salicaria, inundated, 216686, June 9, 1986 (BUF). Terrapin Point, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16439 (BUF, NY) Second Sister, east end, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16394 (NY). Philonotis muhlenbergii (Schwaegr.) Brid. Goat Island, SW shoreline, flats east of the Horseshoe Falls, wet hummock, roots of Cornus, Eckel, 880718, June 3, 1987 (BUF). Second Sister, west end, tree roots, wet in high water, Oct. 29, 1988 (BUF). Some doubt exists as to whether this species is distinct from Philonotis marchica, as noted by Crum and Anderson (1981). The specimens reported here key to P. muhlenbergii with the key given by those authors. I thank Dr. Richard Zander for verifying this identification, with the same qualifications. Plagiothecium cavifolium (Brid.) Iwats. Second Sister, west end, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16370 (NY), Buck 16376 (BUF, NY). Plagiothecium denticulatum (Hedw.) BSG Goat Island, dolomite ballast, southeastern end just east of the First Sister, Eckel, May 22, 1988 (BUF). First Sister, west end, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16424 (BUF, NY). Platygyrium repens (Brid.) BSG. Second Sister, west end, on rotten log, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16369 (BUF, NY). Pohlia wahlenbergii (Web. & Mohr) Andr. Goat Island, just west of the Three Sisters, wet base of Cornus stolonifera island, with Lythrum, Eckel, June 4, 1988 (BUF). Second Sister, east end, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16410 (BUF, NY). Pottia truncata var. truncata (Hedw.) Fuernr. ex BSG Goat Island, behind restaurant, base of tree, with Phascum cuspidatum, Barbula unguiculata, Oct. 29, 1988 (BUF); eastern meadow, base of Betula papyrifera, Nov. 10, 1988 (BUF). Taxiphyllum deplanatum (Bruch & Schimp. ex Sull.) Fleisch. First Sister west end, 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16345 (BUF, NY); 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16426 (BUF, NY). Tetraphis pellucida Hedw. Second Sister, west end, tree roots, wet in high water, Oct. 29, 1988 (BUF); west end, on rotten log, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck, 16371 (BUF, NY). Thelia hirtella (Hedw.) Sull. First Sister, west end, 880727, July 8, 1987 (BUF). Thuidium delicatulum (Hedw.) BSG var. delicatulum Second Sister, west end, tree roots, wet in high water, Oct. 29, 1988 (BUF); west end, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16373 (BUF, NY). Thuidium pygmaeum BSG. Goat Island, central woods on smooth cobble, shade, with Fissidens bryoides, Eckel, Sept. 9, 1984 (BUF). Note also a specimen of this species collected earlier in this century by A. T. Beals also "on small limestone pebbles" in the historical catalogue. Thuidium recognitum (Hedw.) Lindb. First Sister, west end, dolomite boulder top, west end, 8712251 April 26, 1987 (BUF); 1 Nov. 1988, Buck, 16345A (BUF, NY). Timmia megapolitana Hedw. var. megapolitana First Sister, west end, 880719, July 8, 1987 (BUF). Tortella fragilis (Drumm.) Limpr. Base of Goat Island, just outside spray area of Horseshoe Falls, boulder, thin soil, midslope, with Hyophila involuta, Hymenostylium recurvirostrum, Trichostomum crispulum, Zander 3484b Oct. 28, 1979 (BUF). Tortella humilis (Hedw.) Jenn. First Sister west end, 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16347 (NY). Tortella tortuosa (Hedw.) Limpr. First Sister west end, 880728, July 8, 1987 (BUF). Leo Lesquereux collected this species on Goat Island, and Clinton indicated it was "common about Niagara Falls" (Peck, 1866). These plants are not common in these localities today. Tortula mucronifolia Schwaegr. Luna Island, 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16329 (BUF, NY). First Sister, east end, 880708, July 8, 1988 (BUF). First Sister, west end, 880718, July 8, 1987 (BUF). Third Sister, in small solution vugs in dolomite, 8612338, April 27, 1986 (BUF). Trichostomum crispulum Bruch in F. A. Muell. Base of Goat Island, just outside spray area of Horseshoe Falls, boulder, thin soil, midslope, with Hyophila involuta, Hymenostylium recurvirostrum, Tortella fragilis, Zander 3484a, Oct. 28, 1979 (BUF). NEW STATE RECORD, PREVIOUSLY FOUND IN USA IN SW FIDE STONEBURNER, ARKANSAS BOWERS???]] Weisia controversa Hedw. Luna Island, 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16315 (BUF, NY) First Sister, no exact location, 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16340 (BUF, NY); west end, small population, dolomite boulder, with Tortula mucronifolia, synoicous, 8706070, 1986. Weissia hedwigii Crum Lawn by west parking lot, Eckel & Eckel, April 23, 1988 (BUF) This is the second locality for this species in New York State (Eckel, 1987; Eckel & Eckel, 1988). BRYOPHYTES: HEPATICS (LIVERWORTS) HISTORICAL SPECIMENS Preissia quadrata (Scop.) Nees (As Preissia commutata Nees) Three Sisters Islands, Niagara Falls M[arshall]. A. H[owe]. [leg.] May 17, 1893. Herbarium of Marshall A. Howe The New York Botanical Garden, The M. A.Howe Collection of Hepaticae Presented by Caroline C. Haynes, Sept. 1915. Reboulia hemisphaerica (L.) Raddi (As Preissia hemisphaerica) Three Sisters, Niagara Falls, N.Y. Aug. 21, 1886 Comm. E. G. Britton, 1890 Herbarium of Lucien M. Underwood Purchased 1907 (NY). Reboulia hemisphaerica (L.) Raddi (As Preissia hemisphaerica) Goat Island, Niagara Falls, Aug. 1886 L[ucien]. M. U[nderwood] [collector] Herbarium of Lucien M. Underwood Purchased 1907 (NY).
BRYOPHYTES: HEPATICS (LIVERWORTS) NON-HISTORICAL SPECIMENS Conocephalum conicum (L.) Dumort. First Sister, west end, 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16337 (BUF, NY). Second Sister, west end, north side rocks, river margins [obs. 1988, Eckel]. Lophocolea minor Nees First Sister, west end, 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16344 (BUF, NY). Second Sister, west end, on rotten log, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16386 (BUF, NY). Preissia quadrata (Scop.) Nees Base of Goat Island, spray zone of Horseshoe Falls, near river, underside of large boulder, Zander 3467, Oct. 28, 1979 (BUF); just outside spray area of Horseshoe Falls, vertical rock face of gorge, with Hymenostylium recurvirostum, Zander 3492b, Oct.28, 1979 (BUF). First Sister, west end, 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16349 (BUF, NY). |