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BOTANICAL EVALUATION OF THE GOAT ISLAND COMPLEX, NIAGARA FALLS, NEW YORK |
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2. The Second Sister Island A picture published in 9 Ann Rep Comm, 1893, showed the east end of this island with its characteristic bare rocky bedrock upriver exposure. These shallow surfaces appeared to have been frequently inundated and barely above the surface of the river. A surge in water in the river could have easily inundated this area. In 1890 water flowed over the Second Sister during a storm, from the eastern end, and removed material from the bridge there. A striking photograph is included in the nineteenth Annual Report of the Commissioners, in 1903, of the "cascade above the First Sister Island," at the eastern end, showing rocky flats with low, grassy vegetation. The east end of the First Sister is shown, but it is more likely to be that of the Second Sister. The ground is barely above water line, yet supports magnificent stands of White Pine. There is, additionally, a windthrow depicted. It is from this picture that it may be inferred that there is significantly more bedrock exposed in this area than formerly, due to lowered water levels. "Four years ago a storm ... destroyed a fine stand of hemlock on the Second Sister island, and periods of high water have washed a large portion of that island bare of soil. A retaining break-wall has been built along the lower side of the island and soil filled in back of it so that tree growth may be restored" (28 Ann Rep Comm, 1912). The break-wall was 60 yards long "back of which several hundred cubic yards of clay loam were filled." It was to be planted "and the island restored as nearly as possible to its original condition" (28 Ann Rep Comm, 1912). The lower, or downriver side refers to the west end. Remnants of a break-wall may still be seen there, and the area of saturated soil with its interesting plant community at the western extremity. A lovely photograph of this structure on the north side of this island is in the 28 Ann Rep Comm, 1912. A good silhouette of the island's central forest, with perhaps White Pine, may be seen as well. Another picture in the ninth annual report of the Commissioners showed the Second Sister from the Third, about mid-island. The old barren bedrock is exposed below the bridge. The lack of any vegetation at all indicates ice scouring in winter. The forested east end appears to be somewhat sparse, perhaps due to the lack of topsoil generally here, and the brunt of river-borne material, particularly ice, and elevated river heights in winter. This habitat was probably analogous in certain ways with the original eastern extremity of Goat Island. The flora of the Second Sister suffers from loss of its forest cover, invasion of Honeysuckle and Buckthorn, and disturbance resulting in monoculture of White Snake-Root (Eupatorium rugosum). There is a small tree species in the Rosaceae, either an Amelanchier or a Prunus with frequent saplings, dying at maturity perhaps due to a virus or bacterium, and declining on both the east and west sides of the Island. West end: trees include predominantly Sugar Maple and Hop-Hornbeam, with some Red Maples, Red Oak and one other species, possibly Bur Oak (Quercus macrocarpa, single tree), Bitternut Hickory, Slippery Elm and American Elm, one White Pine, etc. Vigorous regrowth is exhibited by Sugar Maple and White Ash. Granitic glacial erratic boulders occur on the west end. The patch of wet alluvium of the west end is an old habitat in existence since at least 1883 when it appeared on the survey map made by Thomas Evershed in that year (Map of Land Proposed to be Taken by The Commissioners of the State Reservation at Niagara, Albany, 1883).This habitat supports high species diversity and an interesting community presently not duplicated anywhere else in the Reservation. A similar wet area, with probably a totally different set of wet-soil species because of the shaded character of that area, as opposed to the sunny one on the Second Sister, was depicted on the north side of Goat Island, toward its east end (see discussion above, The Spring). The north-shore alluvial area is no longer extant. The swampy area on the Second Sister presently suffers trampling from visitors anxious to get a closer look at the water near the Falls at the downriver end. Here the vegetation, when not trampled, is very dense, with Bristle-leaved Sedge (Carex eburnea) beside the compacted clay paths, various species of Juncus in the wetter paths, with Angelica (Angelica atropurpurea), sedges, grasses (Glyceria), Elderberry, Jewel-weed, Joe-Pyes and an abundance of bryophytes on stones, pebbles, hummocky-roots, dense thickets of Nine-bark. A log placed or fallen at the northern margins of this area deflects some of the current of the river, and provides a substrate for species requiring rotting wood as a substrate for growth. Crayfish were observed here during 1988. Logs or plantings of brush, if carefully placed, may deter visitors for habitat recovery, and if placed near the stream bank may curb erosion and provide areas for plant colonization enhancing species diversity with further stabilization of the soil. Efforts must be made to see whether Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) or Flowering Rush (Butomus umbellatus) does not infest or dominate this area to the detriment of its present complex community structure. The grassy mats or patches of vegetation occurring on the east, or upriver, end of the island display a concentric zonation characteristic in some ways of the larger, more complex zonation of the islands themselves. The mixture of weedy and rare species demonstrates the affinity of both types of species for the same habitats, based on lack of competition with the typical species of the area. Size of vegetated mat is directly correlated with community complexity. What apparently happens is that suitable space is colonized and stabilized up to the level of complexity (number of concentric rings) in the order given below, and stays that way until the mat increases in diameter, or mats converge. Although not investigated in detail for this study, similar mats have developed in the dolomite flats areas above the Horseshoe Falls, relatively recently exposed and correlated with water diversion. The species in these mats are somewhat different from those at the east ends of the Three Sisters. The rarities at the Sisters are probably due to the greater age of these communities, as opposed to those in the Horseshoe river channel which may be still in succession. Another possibility is that periodic disturbance regimes occurred here, such as ice scour in winter, periodic inundation and periods of dessication on the bare dolomite bedrock substrate. All of these processes except the last have been inhibited by the construction of the winter ice boom at the mouth of the Niagara River, tending to stabilize the island margins and increase their area. It is likely that without this natural disturbance, the peculiar flora of the island margins may disappear, as succession procedes uninterrupted and typical climax vegetation replaces the present margin community. 1. MOSSES Fringe of mosses, Amblystegium varium, Philonotis marchica - P. muhlenbergia. 2. SEDGES Carex species: Carex aurea, Carex hystricina, Carex stipata. 3. RUSHES Juncus species: Juncus articulatus. 4. GRASSES Bent Grass (Agrostis stolonifera vars.), Bluejoint Grass (Calamagrostis canadensis), Panicum lanuginosum (Panic-grass), Reed Canary-grass (Phalaris arundinacea), Intermediate Bunch-Grass (Sphenopholis intermedia) (not Glyceria), and the weedy grasses Orchard Grass (Dactylis glomerata) and Timothy (Phleum pratense). 5. *HERBS, low: Water Horehound and Bugleweed (Lycopus spp.) are typical; Kalm's Lobelia (Lobelia kalmii); Linear-leaved Loosestrife (Lysimachia quadriflora); Small-flowered Purple Gerardia (Gerardia purpurea var. parviflora). *This is where some of the the rarest of the herbs in the Goat Island complex occur, and, also, some of the lovliest and most delicate. 6. HERBS, high: Boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum); Common St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum); Joe Pye-weed (Eupatorium maculatum); Narrow-leaved Goldenrod (Solidago graminifolia); Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria); Virginia Mountain Mint (Pycnanthemum virginianum). 7. SHRUBS: Red-osier Dogwood (Cornus stolonifera). 8. TREES: Ash, Cottonwood, Willows. HISTORICAL RECORDS: VASCULAR PLANTS Shepherdia canadensis CANADIAN BUFFALOBERRY. With specimen of the fungus Aecidium allenii Clinton, 1870 (BUF). LICHENS Mycobilimbia sabuletorum. The Second Sister: [perhaps handwriting of G. W. Clinton]; "8", [Det. Richard C. Harris, 1986]; G. W. C. [George W. Clinton], Jan. 26 [late nineteenth century] (BUF). FUNGI Aecidium allenii. Goat Island (the middle Sister). On Shepherdia canadense [specimen included] Ex Coll. G. W. Clinton, Buffalo, N.Y., June 28, 1870 (BUF). RECENT COLLECTIONS: VASCULAR PLANTS: WEST END OF SECOND SISTER Acer rubrum RED MAPLE. 1988. Acer saccharum SUGAR MAPLE. Abundant, with seedlings, saplings [obs. 1988]. Achillea millefolium COMMON YARROW. [Obs. 1988]. * Agrostis stolonifera var. compacta CREEPING BENT. 1988. * Agrostis stolonifera var. major REDTOP. 1988. * Alliaria officinalis GARLIC MUSTARD. [Obs. 1988]. Allium canadense WILD GARLIC. [Obs. 1988]. Angelica atropurpurea PURPLE-STEMMED ANGELICA. 1986. Arabis laevigata SMOOTH ROCK CRESS. 1986. Aralia nudicaulis WILD SARSAPARILLA. [Obs. 1988]. Aralia racemosa SPIKENARD. 1987. * Arctium minus COMMON BURDOCK. 1988. * Barbarea vulgaris WINTER CRESS. [Obs. 1988]. Betula papyrifera PAPER BIRCH. Far end, 1988 [obs.]. Betula populifolia GRAY BIRCH. Far west end, 1988. Bidens frondosa COMMON BEGGAR-TICKS. 1987. Carex. spp. SEDGE. Several woodland species were noted, too late for collection, 1988. * Campanula rapunculoides CREEPING BELLFLOWER. 1987. Carex eburnea BRISTLE-LEAVED SEDGE. Pathside by west end [obs. 1988]. Carex laxiflora LOOSE-FLOWERED SEDGE. Wet, 1987. Carex hystricina PORCUPINE SEDGE. 1988. Carex pseudo-cyperus CYPERUS-LIKE SEDGE. 1987. Carex rosea ROSE SEDGE. 1987. Carya cordiformis BITTERNUT HICKORY. 1988. Chelone glabra var. dilatata TURTLEHEAD. 2180587. Circaea quadrisulcata ENCHANTER'S NIGHTSHADE. Abundant, 1987. Cirsium sp. THISTLE. [Obs. 1988.] Clematis virginiana VIRGIN'S BOWER. Southern exposures, 1986. Cornus alternifolia ALTERNATE-LEAVED DOGWOOD. [Obs. 1988.] Cornus racemosa PANICLED DOGWOOD. "A tree" 1987. Cornus stolonifera RED-OSIER DOGWOOD. Abundant in west end, northern margins, alluvium, 1988 [obs.]. * Dactylis glomerata ORCHARD GRASS. [Obs. 1988.] Dentaria laciniata CUT-LEAVED TOOTHWORT. "Small colony, central woods" 1986. * Digitaria ischaemum SMALL CRAB-GRASS. 1988. * Epilobium hirsutum HAIRY WILLOW-HERB. 1988 [obs.]. * Epipactis helleborine HELLEBORINE ORCHID. 1986. Eupatorium maculatum JOE-PYE WEED. Alluvium, 1988 [obs.]. Eupatorium perfoliatum THROUGHWORT. Alluvium, 1988 [obs.]. Eupatorium rugosum WHITE SNAKE-ROOT. Throughout, 1988 [obs.]. Fagus grandifolia BEECH. [Obs. 1988.] Fraxinus americana-F. pensylvanica Abundant seedlings, saplings, trees [obs. 1988]. Fraxinus americana-F. pensylvanica Alluvium, 1988 [obs.]. Galium triflorum SWEET-SCENTED BEDSTRAW. 1988. Geum aleppicum var. strictum YELLOW AVENS. 1988. Geum canadense WHITE AVENS. [Obs. 1988]. * Glechoma hederacea GILL-OVER-THE-GROUND. Abundant in woods section [obs. 1988]. Glyceria striata NERVED MANNA-GRASS. 1987. * Hesperis matronalis DAME'S ROCKET. 1988. * Hieracium florentinum FLORENCE KING-DEVIL. 1988. * Hypericum perforatum COMMON ST.-JOHN'S WORT. 1987. Hysterix patula BOTTLE-BRUSH GRASS. South side, 1988. Impatiens biflora SPOTTED TOUCH-ME-NOT. Abundant, wet alluvium, 1986. Iris versicolor BLUE FLAG. 1987. Juncus dudleyi DUDLEY'S RUSH. 1986. Juncus tenuis PATH RUSH. 1988. Juglans cinerea BUTTERNUT. Two large trees, 1988. * Leonurus cardiaca MOTHERWORT. [Obs. 1988]. * Lithospermum officinale COMMON GROMWELL. [Obs. 1988.] Lobelia siphilitica GREAT LOBELIA. 1986. * Lonicera tartarica TARTARIAN HONEYSUCKLE. Abundant [obs. 1988]. Lysimachia ciliata FRINGED LOOSESTRIFE. Alluvium [obs. 1988]. * Lythrum salicaria PURPLE LOOSESTRIFE. Alluvium, 1988 [obs.]. * Morus alba WHITE MULBERRY. Abundant seedlings, 1988. Myosotis laxa SMALLER FORGET-ME-NOT. 8705193. * Nepeta cataria CATNIP. Forested section, 1986. Onocleasensibilis SENSITIVE FERN. 1987. Ostrya virginiana HOP-HORNBEAM. Abundant [obs. 1988]. Oxalis stricta UPRIGHT YELLOW WOOD-SORREL. [Obs. 1988.] Panicum lanuginosum var. septentrionale NORTHERN WOOLLY PANIC-GRASS. 1986. Parthenocissus vitacea DISCLESS VIRGINIA CREEPER. [Obs. 1988.] Physocarpus opulifolius NINE-BARK. River margins, north side, dense, 1988 [obs.]. Physocarpus opulifolius var. intermedius NINE-BARK. River margins, 1985. Phytolacca americana POKEWEED. 1988. Pinus strobus WHITE PINE. 1986. * Poa annua SPEAR GRASS. [Obs. 1988.] * Poa compressa CANADA BLUE-GRASS. On rocks in center of the island [obs. 1988]. * Poa nemoralis WOOD BLUEGRASS. Abundant, 1988. * Potentilla recta SULPHURY CINQUEFOIL. [Obs. 1988.] Prunus avium SWEET CHERRY. [35"] 1987' [Base of three trunks, 63": 29, 25, 18"], 1987. Prunus serotina BLACK CHERRY. [Obs. 1988.] Prunus virginiana CHOKECHERRY. [Obs. 1988.] Quercus [cf. macrocarpa] BUR OAK [obs. 1988.] Quercus borealis var. maxima RED OAK. Several, 1988. Ranunculus recurvatus HOOKED BUTTERCUP. 1987. * Rhamnus cathartica COMMON BUCKTHORN. [Obs. 1988.] Rhus radicans POISON IVY. [Obs. 1988.] Ribes americanum WILD BLACK CURRANT. [Obs. 1988.] * Ribes sativum RED CURRANT. [Obs. 1988.] Rubus odoratus PURPLE-FLOWERING RASPBERRY. Alluvium, 1988 [obs.]. Rubus strigosus RED RASPBERRY. Several in rocky center [obs. 1988]. * Rumex crisipus CURLED DOCK. 1988 [obs.]. * Rumex obtusifolius BROAD-LEAVED DOCK. Wet end, 1988. Salix rigida HEART-LEAVED WILLOW. Alluvium, several trees, 1988. Sambucus canadensis ELDERBERRY. 1986. Sambucus pubens RED-BERRIED ELDER. [Obs. 1988.] Scirpus atrovirens DARK-GREEN BULRUSH. 1986 [obs. 1988]. Scutellaria lateriflora MAD-DOG SKULLCAP. Wet area, 1986. Smilacina racemosa FALSE SOLOMON'S SEAL. [Obs. 1988.] Smilacina stellata STAR-FLOWERED FALSE SOLOMON'S SEAL. 1987. * Solanum dulcamara BITTER NIGHTSHADE. 1986. Solidago caesia BLUE-STEMMED GOLDENROD. 1987. Solidago canadensis var. canadensis CANADA GOLDENROD. 1987. Solidago canadensis var. scabra TALL GOLDENROD. 1988. Solidago graminifolia. NARROW-LEAVED GOLDENROD. 1987. Teucrium canadense AMERICAN GERMANDER. [Sight record by Al Schotz, 1988.] Thelypteris palustris Marsh Fern. 1987. Thuja occidentalis ARBOR VITAE. Single small tree on boulder top by bridge to Third Sister [obs. 1988]. Tilia americana BASSWOOD. By alluvial area, 1988 [obs.]. Triosteum perfoliatum var. aurantiacum ORANGE HORSE-GENTIAN. [Obs. 1988.] Tsuga canadensis EASTERN HEMLOCK. Single tree, 1986. * Tussilago farfara COLTSFOOT. Alluvium, 1988 [obs.]. Typha latifolia BROAD-LEAVED CAT-TAIL. Alluvium, 1988 [obs.]. Ulmus americana AMERICAN ELM. 1988. Ulmus rubra SLIPPERY ELM. 1988. Verbena hastata COMMON VERVAIN. 1985. Verbena cf. urticifolia WHITE VERVAIN. [obs. 1988]. * Viburnum lantana WAYFARING-TREE. [Obs. 1988.] Vitis riparia FROST GRAPE. Especially near wet end [obs. 1988]. FUNGI: WEST END OF SECOND SISTER Cladobotryum varium. Second Sister, west end, on Trametes versicolor, 2 Nov 1988, Buck 16367A (NY). Ganoderma applanatum. On tree stump, 2 Nov 1988, Buck 16391 (BUF, NY). Hymenoscyphus calyculus. On dead wood, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16374 (NY). Lactarius sp. Specimen uniformly brownish orange, Eckel prelim. det., E. Both, Oct. 28, 1988 (BUF). Leucostoma persoonii. In oak-maple forest; on dead Prunus, Buck 16366, November 2, 1988 (NY, BUF). Trametes versicolor. On stump, 1 Nov 1988, Buck 16367 (BUF, NY). LICHENS: WEST END OF SECOND SISTER Bacidia granosa. In central woods, on rock, Harris 22895 (NY); Harris 22903 (NY); Harris 22924 (NY). Bacidia sp. On lignum, Harris, 16375 (NY). Bacidia sp. On decorticate stump, Harris, 22893 (NY). Buellia punctata. Harris, 16389 (NY); at base of Tilia, Harris 22885 (NY). Caloplaca flavovirescens. Large boulder on south side, Harris 22912 (NY). Caloplaca sp. On ridge, south side, on rock, Harris 22888 (NY). Candelaria concolor. On Quercus, Harris 16387 (NY). Candelariella efflorescens. On Salix, Harris 16377 (NY). Cladonia humilis - bourgeanic acid strain. On rotten log, Harris 16383 (NY). Endocarpon pusillum. In woods, on rock, Harris 22895 (NY); on rock, Harris 22942 (NY). Lecanora dispersa. On rock, Harris 22902 (NY). Lecidella stigmatea. South side, on big boulder, Harris 22901 (NY). Lepraria lesdainii. In overhang of breakwater on north side, Harris 22927 (NY). Leptogium tenuissimum. On soil among mosses, Harris 16381 (NY). Mycobilimbia sabuletorum. On rock, Harris 22910 (NY); Harris 22915 (NY); Harris, 16393 (NY). Mycobilimbia sabuletorum (Schreber) Hafellner. On rock,. Phaeophyscia orbicularis. South side, on rock, Harris, 22899 (NY). Phaeophyscia rubropulchra. On bark, Harris, 16387 (NY). Physcia millegrana. On Salix, Harris, 16392 (NY). Verrucaria muralis. On rock, Harris 23907 (NY). BRYOPHYTES: WEST END OF SECOND SISTER Amblystegium riparium. Tree roots, wet in high water, Oct. 29, 1988 (BUF). Amblystegium tenax var. tenax. Tree roots, wet in high water, Oct. 29, 1988 (BUF); 2 Nov. 1988, Buck, 16382 (NY). Brachythecium oxycladon. 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16385 (BUF, NY). Ceratodon purpureus. 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16365 (BUF, NY), 16378 (BUF, NY); tree roots, wet in high water, Oct. 29, 1988 (BUF). Conocephalum conicum. North side rocks above waterline [obs. 1988]. Dicranella heteromalla. 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16368 (BUF, NY). Didymodon fallax var. fallax. Tree roots, wet in high water, Oct. 29 1988 (BUF). Didymodon tophaceus. Tree roots, wet in high water, Oct. 29, 1988 (BUF). Entodon seductrix. Muell. On rotten log, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16372 (BUF, NY). Fissidens cristatus. Tree roots, wet in high water, Oct. 29, 1988 (BUF). Hedwigia ciliata. On glacial erratic, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16380 (NY). Homomallium adnatum. On glacial erratic, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16364 (BUF, NY). Hypnum lindbergii. 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16379 (BUF, NY). Hypnum pallescens. On trunk of Salix, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16388 (BUF, NY). * Lophocolea minor. On rotten log, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16386 (BUF, NY). Philonotis muhlenbergii. Tree roots, wet in high water, Oct. 29, 1988 (BUF). Plagiomnium cuspidatum. 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16390 (BUF, NY). Plagiothecium cavifolium. 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16370 (NY), 16376 (BUF, NY). Platygyrium repens. On rotten log, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck, 16369 (BUF, NY). Tetraphis pellucida. Tree roots, wet in high water, Oct. 29, 1988 (BUF); west end, on rotten log, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16371 (BUF, NY). Thuidium delicatulum var. delicatulum. Tree roots, wet in high water, Oct. 29, 1988 (BUF); west end, 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16373 (BUF, NY). VASCULAR PLANTS: EAST END OF SECOND SISTER A frequently appearing rosaceus shrub/small tree, Prunus or possibly Amelanchier, is diseased here, as it is on the west side. There is also a viny species of Vicia or Lathyrus near the southern end near the bridge. Acer saccharum SUGAR MAPLE. Achillea millefolium COMMON YARROW. 1987. * Agrostis stolonifera var. compacta CREEPING BENT. 1988. * Agrostis stolonifera var. major REDTOP. 1988. * Agrostis stolonifera var. stolonifera CREEPING BENT. 1988. Arabis laevigata SMOOTH ROCK CRESS. * Arenaria serpyllifolia THYME-LEAVED SANDWORT. North shore, 1988. Asclepias incarnata SWAMP MILKWEED. 1986. Aster novae-angliae NEW ENGLAND ASTER. 1986. Atriplex patula var. littoralis SEASIDE ORACHE. 1987. * Barbarea vulgaris WINTER CRESS. 1988. * Betula pendula EUROPEAN WHITE BIRCH. North side, 1988. * Brassica kaber CHARLOCK. 1988. * Butomus umbellatus FLOWERING RUSH. 1988. Calamagrostis canadensis BLUEJOINT GRASS. 1988. Cardamine pensylvanica PENNSYLVANIA BITTER CRESS. 1987. Carex spp. Several Carices were unsuitable for collecting in the 1988 growing season on both east and west sides. Carex cephalophora SOUTHERN SEDGE. 1988. Carex hystricina PORCUPINE SEDGE. 1988 [Obs.] Carex lasiocarpa var. latifolia WOOLLY SEDGE. 1987. Carex normalis LARGER STRAW SEDGE. 1987. Carpinus caroliniana AMERICAN HORNBEAM. 1988. * Cerastium semidecandrum SMALL MOUSE-EAR CHICKWEED. Low mats in rock crevices, 1986. Clematis virginiana VIRGIN'S BOWER. "Rather abundant," on island margins, 1986. Cornus racemosa PANICLED DOGWOOD. 1988. Cornus stolonifera RED-OSIER DOGWOOD. [Obs. 1988]. Cyperus rivularis SHINING CYPERUS. "Flats," 1986. * Dactylis glomerata ORCHARD GRASS. All along weedy margins of paths, 1988 Draba verna WHITLOW GRASS. 1988. Erigeron annuus SLENDER WHITE-TOP. 1988. Erigeron philadelphicus PHILADELPHIA FLEABANE. 1987. Eupatorium perfoliatum BONESET. River's edge, 1988 [obs.]. Eupatorium rugosum WHITE SNAKE-ROOT. Abundant throughout, 1988. Euphorbia maculata WARTWEED. Low depression, dolomite rock by north bridge, 1987. Fagus grandifolia BEECH. "Single tree," 1987. Fragaria sp. STRAWBERRY. [Obs. 1988.] Fraxinus sp. ASH. Abundantly regenerating itself throughout the island, 1988. Galium triflorum SWEET-SCENTED BEDSTRAW. 1988. Geranium pusillum SMALL-FLOWERED CRANE'S BILL. 1987. Gerardia purpurea var. parviflora SMALL FLOWERED PURPLE GERARDIA. 1986. Geum canadense WHITE AVENS. 1988. Helenium autumnale COMMON SNEEZEWEED. "Shrubby area ... wet dolomite," 86121414. * Hemerocallis fulva DAY LILY. * Hesperis matronalis DAME'S ROCKET. * Hieracium pratense KING-DEVIL. 8705306. * Hypericum perforatum COMMON ST.-JOHN'S WORT. 1987. Juncus articulatus JOINTED RUSH. 1986. Juncus effusus var. solutus COMMON RUSH. 1988. Few. Juncus dudleyi DUDLEY'S RUSH. 1988. * Leonurus cardiaca MOTHERWORT. 1988. * Lepidium campestre FIELD PEPPERGRASS. 1988. * Lithospermum officinale COMMON GROMWELL. Lobelia kalmii KALM'S LOBELIA. 1986. * Lonicera tartarica TARTARIAN HONEYSUCKLE. Abundant throughout, 1988. Lycopus virginicus VIRGINIA BUGLEWEED. 1988 Lysimachia quadriflora LINEAR-LEAVED LOOSESTRIFE. On edge of soil mat, east end, July 14, 1987 * Lythrum salicaria PURPLE LOOSESTRIFE. Edge of mat, 1988 [obs.] * Medicago lupulina BLACK MEDICK. North shore, open, rocky area, 1988. * Melilotus alba WHITE SWEET-CLOVER. July 14, 1987. Mentha arvensis var. glabrata AMERICAN WILD MINT. 1986. * Morus alba WHITE MULBERRY. 1988. Muhlenbergia mexicana WOOD GRASS. 1988. Myosotis laxa SMALLER FORGET-ME-NOT. 1988. * Nepeta cataria CATNIP. North side [obs. 1988]. Ostrya virginiana HOP-HORNBEAM. Panicum lanuginosum var. lindheimeri LINDHEIMER'S PANIC GRASS, 1986. Parthenocissus quinquefolia VIRGINIA CREEPER. 1988. * Phleum pratense TIMOTHY. [1988.] Physocarpus opulifolius NINE-BARK. Flats area, 1986. Platanus occidentalis SYCAMORE. 1986. * Poa compressa CANADA BLUE-GRASS. [Obs. 1988.] * Poa nemoralis WOOD BLUEGRASS. Abundant, 1988. Polygonum punctatum DOTTED SMARTWEED. 1988. Potentilla norvegica ROUGH CINQUEFOIL. 1988. Pycnanthemum virginianum VIRGINIA MOUNTAIN MINT. 1986. * Rhamnus cathartica COMMON BUCKTHORN. 1986. Rhus radicans POISON IVY. 1988. Ribes americanum WILD BLACK CURRANT. 1987. Rubus occidentalis BLACK RASPBERRY. 1988. * Sagina procumbens PEARLWORT. 1987. * Salix alba WHITE WILLOW. 1988. Salix bebbiana BEAKED WILLOW. 1988. Salix discolor PUSSY WILLOW. 1988. * Salix fragilis CRACK WILLOW. Wet eastern end, shrub, hybrid with S. alba, 1988. Salix lucida SHINING WILLOW. Edge, 1987. Salix nigra BLACK WILLOW. 1988. Salix rigida HEART-LEAVED WILLOW. 1988. Sambucus sp. ELDERBERRY. 1988. Scirpus validus GREAT BULRUSH. North side, 1988. Scutellaria lateriflora MAD-DOG SKULLCAP. 1986. Solidago canadensis var. canadensis CANADA GOLDENROD. 1988. Solidago canadensis var. scabra TALL GOLDENROD. 1988. Solidago gigantea var. serotina NOVEMBER GOLDENROD. Flats, 1988. Solidago juncea EARLY GOLDENROD. 1988. Solidago nemoralis GRAY GOLDENROD. 1987. * Sonchus arvensis FIELD SOW-THISTLE. Far end, 1988. * Sonchus oleraceus COMMON SOW-THISTLE. 1988. Sphenopholis intermedia INTERMEDIATE BUNCH-GRASS. 1988. * Symphoricarpos orbiculatus CORALBERRY. By bridge to First Sister, 1987. * Taraxacum officinale DANDELION. [Obs. 1988.] Tilia americana BASSWOOD. [Obs. 1988]. * Trifolium hybridum ALSIKE CLOVER. 1988. * Tussilago farfara COLTSFOOT. 1988. Typha angustifolia NARROW-LEAVED CAT-TAIL. 1985. Ulmus rubra SLIPPERY ELM. By bridge [obs. 1988]. * Verbascum thapsus COMMON MULLEIN. [Obs. 1988.] * Veronica sp. SPEEDWELL. Pathsides, 1988. Viola sp. [Obs. 1988.] Vitis riparia FROST GRAPE. 1988. FUNGI: EAST END OF SECOND SISTER Scolecosporiella typhae. On dead leaves of Typha angustifolia, 2 Nov 1988, Buck 16397 (NY). LICHENS: EAST END OF SECOND SISTER Bacidia granosa. On rock, Harris 22931 (NY). Bacidia sp. Limestone flat, on rock, Harris 22898 (NY). Buellia punctata. Harris, 16400 (NY). Caloplaca sp. Limestone flat, on rock, Harris 22896 (NY). Caloplaca sp. Limestone flat, on rock, Harris 22906 (NY). Caloplaca sp. Limestone flat, on rock, Harris 22914 (NY). Candelariella aurella. Limestone flat, on rock, Harris, 22898 (NY;) Harris 22900 (NY). Candelariella aurella. On rock, Harris, 16409 (NY). Endocarpon pusillum. On rock, Harris 22922 (NY). Lecania perproxima. NEW TO NEW YORK STATE, on rock, Harris 22904 (NY). Lecanora dispersa. Limestone flat, on rock, Harris, 22900 (NY), Harris 22908 (NY). Phaeophyscia adiastola. At base of small Fraxinus, Harris 22913 (NY); on rock, Harris 22922 (NY). Phaeophyscia orbicularis. On rock, Harris 22905 (NY). Physcia adscendens. Face of stone block at river's edge, Harris 22897 (NY). Verrucaria muralis. Limestone flat, on rock, Harris 23944 (NY). Verrucaria sp. Harris 22923 (NY). Verrucaria sp. Limestone flat, Harris 22914 (NY). BRYOPHYTES: EAST END OF SECOND SISTER Amblystegium tenax var. tenax. 2 Nov. 1988, Buck, 16398 (BUF, NY), 16403 (BUF, NY), 16406 (BUF, NY). Brachythecium oxycladon. 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16399 (BUF, NY), 16412 (BUF, NY). Campylium chrysophyllum. 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16396 (BUF, NY). Cratoneuron filicinum. 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16408 (BUF, NY). Drepanocladus aduncus. 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16407 (BUF, NY). Hygroamblystegium fluviatile. 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16395 (BUF, NY). Hypnum lindbergii. Thin soil over dolomite flats, open with Salix, Cornus, Betula, Lythrum, Carices, Eckel 86121701, Sept. 12, 1986 (BUF); 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16404 (BUF, NY). Philonotis marchica. 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16394 (NY). Plagiomnium cuspidatum. 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16401 (BUF, NY). Pohlia wahlenbergii. 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16410 (BUF, NY). Schistidium alpicola. 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16411 (NY). |