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BOTANICAL
EVALUATION OF THE GOAT ISLAND COMPLEX, NIAGARA FALLS, NEW YORK |
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1. The First Sister Island A fine early photograph of this cascade and the bridge over it that had been built prior to the present stone structure may be seen in the ninth Annual Report of the Commissioners published in 1893. The water flow was substantial then, compared to the shallow sheet of water permitted now. There was no vegetation in the bed of the channel then, and the trees and shrubbery were lavish right to the water's edge on both Goat Island and the First Sister. A White Pine silhouette with horizontal branches, trunk exposed and gently upturned branch ends can be seen in the photograph on the First Sister, east end. This abundance of water was not constant, as in 1866 Judge Clinton and a Mr. Pettibone found the channel dry. Here Hypnum nudum (= Leskea polycarpa) was "abundant" (unpubl. journal G. W. Clinton). It was also at the foot of the Cascade that Clinton found the moss Fissidens grandifrons, a population that still exists today (see bryophyte section). The presence of this uncommon species was reported based on a specimen from the Cascade by Day (1883). A picture of the present stone bridge in winter, completed in 1898, appeared in the 15 Ann Rep Comm (1899). Conifers appear on the First Sister, northeast end - either Red Cedar or Arbor Vitae where dense thickets of Privet and Tartarian Honeysuckle appear now. Hemlock or White Pine occurred on the facing Goat Island shore. With completion of the stone bridge between Goat Island and the First Sister, the channel between the banks was deepened (dynamited) and "a larger volume of water, usual in former years of higher water in the great lakes, obtained, thus restoring the beauty and attractiveness of that part of the Reservation" (16 Ann Rep Comm, 1900). When the stone bridge was built, the vegetation beside the entrances, especially on the east end, according to photographs published in the annual reports of the Commissions, never did recover. The river banks on the eastern side of the stone bridge on the First Sister are presently bare mineral soil with runnels of erosion or centers of alien weeds and thickets of Tartarian Honeysuckle and Privet. The First Sister has a relatively high rocky promontory on the east end which elevation descends in blocky steps to the lower western end. Both ends of the Island are composed of great dolomite blocks and fissures. The flora on the west end today has the most intact flora of any area in the Niagara Reservation accessible to the public. The western extremity of this island is captured in a photograph in the 28 Ann Rep Comm, 1912 without the dense willow concentration in existence now, but showing the graminoid, emergent vegetation presently seen. In the west end occur granitic glacial erratics, similar to those on the west end of the Second Sister. The east end did not fare as well. At one time it probably had more trees in the areas now dense with Privet (Ligustrum vulgare) and Tartarian Honeysuckle (Lonicera tartarica). The east end understory had forest herbs, such as the False Lily-of-the-Valley (Maianthemum canadense), woodland grasses, Herb Robert (Geranium robertianum referred to by Lady Guest (1895) and the Star-flowered False Solomon's Seal (Smilacina stellata), which may still be seen being shaded out and chlorotic by the two weedy shrubs just mentioned. These shrubs are in direct competition with regeneration of a native plant community. In the area dense with the two shrubs mentioned, the native trees must have blown down or been otherwise removed. These shrub populations were probably planted there to fill an opening, with subsequent loss in species diversity. There are presently no conifer species that grew there originally as seen in early photographs. Much of the regenerating trees are Ashes (either Fraxinus americana or F. pennsylvanica). Seedlings and saplings of this species is evident in all disturbed wooded areas. Encouragement of the regrowth of this tree, and of Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum) will probably eventually shade out the shrub monoculture as the young Ashes are presently growing up, almost a monoculture in itself, through the shrub canopy. Selective cutting of these shrubs, not clear-cutting, to encourage the establishment of seedlings of native trees may be helpful in restoring this part of the island without disturbing the soil, eliminating shade, or what remains of the established native populations which still persist. Such a policy might preserve current populations of Aralia and Triosteum. So many ashes got started in the east end probably when the island was cut over to control a rat infestation (staff communication), as with the White Snakeroot (Eupatorium rugosum) on the Second Sister, east end. Such cutting also encouraged the proliferation of Buckthorn seedlings here old trees had become established. Due to the State rarity of sedges and other species, it is recommended that people be kept away from the flats area at the extreme east end (see photo above), the paths broken up carefully to allow natural reseeding. HISTORICAL RECORDS: BRYOPHYTES Tortella tortuosa (as Barbula fragilis). Niagara Falls, N.Y. "Sister Id., no. 1." August 22d, 1886. AAAS Mg. E[lizabeth] G B [Britton] & E[ugene]. A. Rau New York Botanical Garden [collected during the 1886 meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.] LICHENS Gyalecta jenensis. First "Sister," Niagara Falls: [handwriting of Mary L. Wilson]; [Det. Richard C. Harris, 1988]; "M.L.W."; G. W. C. [George W. Clinton], Nov. 8, 1870 (BUF). RECENT RECORDS: VASCULAR PLANTS: WEST END OF FIRST SISTER Acer saccharum SUGAR MAPLE. [Obs. 1988]. Achillea millefolium YARROW. [Obs. 1988]. Anacharis canadensis WATER WEED. 1986. Arabis lyrata LYRE-LEAVED ROCK CRESS. 1986. Aralia nudicaulis WILD SARSAPARILLA. 1987. Arrhenatherum elatius TALL OAT-GRASS. 1988. Asplenium trichomanes MAIDENHAIR SPLEENWORT. Boulder tops, 1986. Aster novae-angliae NEW ENGLAND ASTER. 1987. * Barbarea vulgaris WINTER CRESS. By asphalt path [obs. 1988]. * Berberis vulgaris COMMON BARBERRY. [Obs. 1988]. Bidens cernua NODDING STICKTIGHT. 1987. *Butomus umbellatus. FLOWERING RUSH. 8612716. Cardamine pensylvanica PENNSYLVANIA BITTER CRESS. North side, 1987. Carex spp. Several Carices were unsuitable for collecting in the 1988 growing season both east and west sides. Carex cephalophora SOUTHERN SEDGE. 1988. Carex eburnea BRISTLE-LEAVED SEDGE. Tops of boulders and along paths, 1988. Carex granularis MEADOW SEDGE. 1988. Carex hystricina PORCUPINE SEDGE. 1988. Carex lasiocarpa var. latifolia WOOLLY SEDGE. 1987. Carex laxiflora LOOSE-FLOWERED SEDGE. 1987. Carex laxiflora var. blanda CHARMING SEDGE. 1988. Carex normalis LARGER STRAW SEDGE. 1988. Carex oligocarpa FEW-FRUITED SEDGE. 1988. Carex pedunculata LONG-STALKED SEDGE. 1988. Carex rosea ROSE SEDGE. 1988. Carex stipata AWL-FRUITED SEDGE. 1987. Carex vulpinoidea FOXTAIL SEDGE. Carpinus caroliniana AMERICAN HORNBEAM. 1987. Chelone glabra TURTLEHEAD. 1988. Convolvulus sepium HEDGE BINDWEED. Cornus alternifolia ALTERNATE-LEAVED DOGWOOD. 1987. Cornus rugosa ROUND-LEAVED DOGWOOD. [Obs. 1988]. Cornus stolonifera RED OSIER DOGWOOD. [Obs. 1988]. Cornus stolonifera RED OSIER DOGWOOD. "Approaching var. baileyi in pubescence," 1987. Cystopteris bulbifera BULBLET BLADDER FERN. "On stone bridge to the mainland, facing west," 1986. * Dactylis glomerata ORCHARD GRASS. By asphalt path, 1986. Eleocharis palustris CREEPING SPIKERUSH. 1988. Epilobium ciliatum NORTHERN WILLOW-HERB. 8705206. * Epilobium hirsutum HAIRY WILLOW-HERB. 1988. Equisetum sp. HORSETAIL. [Obs. 1988]. Erigeron sp. FLEABANE. [Obs. 1988]. Eupatorium maculatum JOE-PYE-WEED. 1987. Eupatorium perfoliatum BONESET. [Obs. 1988]. Eupatorium rugosum WHITE SNAKE-ROOT. 1988 [Obs.] Galium sp. BEDSTRAW. [Obs. 1988]. * Glechoma hederacea GILL-OVER-THE-GROUND. [Obs. 1988]. Glyceria striata NERVED MANNA-GRASS. 1987. Fragaria vesca STRAWBERRY. [Obs. 1988]. Fraxinus americana-F. pensylvanica WHITE or RED ASH. [obs. 1988]. Helenium autumnale SNEEZE-WEED. 1988. * Hieracium pratense KING-DEVIL. [Obs. 1988]. Hypericum kalmianum KALM'S ST.-JOHN'S WORT. 1892. This is part of the only known locality for this species in New York State. Hypericum perforatum COMMON ST. JOHN'S WORT. 1986. Impatiens biflora SPOTTED TOUCH-ME-NOT. [Obs. 1988]. Juncus dudleyi DUDLEY'S RUSH. 1988. Leersia oryzopsis RICE CUT-GRASS. Edge of grass mat, in water, 1988. Leonurus cardiaca MOTHERWORT. [Obs. 1988]. Ligustrum vulgare PRIVET. Boulder tops [obs. 1988]. Lithospermum officinale COMMON GROMWELL. [Obs. 1988]. Lobelia siphilitica GREAT LOBELIA. 1988. Lonicera tartarica TARTARIAN HONEYSUCKLE. Abundant [obs. 1988]. Lysimachia ciliata FRINGED LOOSTRIFE. 8705292. * Lythrum salicaria PURPLE LOOSESTRIFE. 1986. * Mentha piperita PEPPERMINT. 1986. Monarda fistulosa WILD BERGAMOT. 1988. Muhlenbergia mexicana WOOD GRASS. 1988. Ostrya virginiana HOP-HORNBEAM. Several [obs. 1988]. Panicum lanuginosum var. lindheimeri LINDHEIMER'S PANIC-GRASS. 1988. Parthenocissus quinquefolia VIRGINIA CREEPER. 1988. Physocarpus opulifolius NINE-BARK. 1987. Poa chapmaniana CHAPMAN'S BLUE-GRASS. 1988. Polygonum punctatum DOTTED SMARTWEED. 1986. Populus deltoides COTTONWOOD. 1987. Prunella vulgaris HEAL-ALL. 1988. Prunus avium SWEET CHERRY. [Obs. 1988]. Pycnanthemum virginianum VIRGINIA MOUNTAIN MINT. 1988. Quercus prinoides var. acuminata YELLOW OAK. By asphalt path [obs. 1988]. Rubus odoratus PURPLE-FLOWERING RASPBERRY. [Obs. 1988]. Sagittaria latifolia BROAD-LEAVED ARROWHEAD. Aug. 30, 1987. Salix amygdaloides PEACH-LEAVED WILLOW. 1988. Salix bebbiana BEAKED WILLOW. 1988. Salix discolor PUSSY WILLOW. 1988. Salix interior SANDBAR WILLOW. [Obs. 1988]. Salix lucida SHINING WILLOW. 1988. Salix rigida HEART-LEAVED WILLOW. 1988. Sambucus pubens RED-BERRIED ELDER. [Obs. 1988]. Scirpus atrovirens DARK-GREEN BULLRUSH. 1987. Scirpus validus GREAT BULRUSH. 1986. Scutellaria lateriflora MAD-DOG SKULLCAP. 1986. Selaginella apoda CREEPING SELAGINELLA. Rocks, 1988. Sisyrinchium graminoides STOUT BLUE-EYED GRASS. 1988. Smilacina stellata STAR-FLOWERED FALSE SOLOMON'S SEAL. [Obs. 1988]. Solidago caesia BLUE-STEMMED GOLDENROD. 1988. Solidago canadensis var. canadensis. CANADA GOLDENROD. 1988. Solidago flexicaulis ZIGZAG GOLDENROD. [Obs. 1988]. Solidago graminifolia NARROW-LEAVED GOLDENROD. 1988. Tilia americana BASSWOOD. By asphalt path [obs. 1988]. Triosteum perfoliatum var. aurantiacum ORANGE HORSE-GENTIAN. 1988. Typha angustifolia NARROW-LEAVED CAT-TAIL. 1986. Typha latifolia BROAD-LEAVED CAT-TAIL. 1988. * Veronica anagallis-aquatica WATER SPEEDWELL. 1988. * Viburnum lantana WAYFARING TREE. Young plant [obs. 1988]. Viola papilionacea MEADOW VIOLET. North side, 1988. Viola sororia WOOLLY BLUE VIOLET. By path, lawn edge, 1987. Vitis riparia FROST GRAPE. [Obs. 1988]. LICHENS: WESTERN HALF OF FIRST SISTER Bacidia epixanthoides. NEW TO NEW YORK STATE. On Mnium thomsonii, Harris 16341 (NY). Bacidia granosa. On rock, Harris 22867 (NY); west on rock, Harris 22869 (NY): west, on rock, Harris 22872 (NY); west, on rock, Harris 22874 (NY); west, on rock, Harris 22877 (NY); west, on rock, Harris 16348 (NY). Caloplaca citrina. On rock, Harris 22866 (NY). Caloplaca flavovirescens. On rock, Harris 16417 (NY). Caloplaca sp. On rock, Harris 22870 (NY). Endocarpon pusillum. On rock, Harris 22868 (NY); west, on rock, Harris 22877 (NY); west, on rock, Harris 22878 (NY); on rock, Harris 22879 (NY); west, on rock, Harris 16336 (NY); west, on rock, Harris 16420 (NY); west, on rock, Harris 16425 (NY). Lecanora dispersa. On rock, Harris 22868 (NY). Lepraria finkii. On rock, Harris 22875 (NY). Leptogium juniperinum. NEW TO NEW YORK STATE, in rock crevice, Harris 16346 (NY). Mycobilimbia sabuletorum. On moss, Harris 16339 (NY); west end, on moss, Harris 16422 (NY); west end, on rock, Harris 16428 (NY). Phaeophyscia adiastola. On mosses over rock, Harris 22864 (NY); west end, on mosses over rock, Harris 22865 (NY). Verrucaria muralis Ach. On rock, Harris 22871 (NY). Verrucaria sp. West, Harris 22869 (NY); west, Harris 22871 (NY); west, Harris 22879 (NY). BRYOPHYTES: WESTERN HALF OF FIRST SISTER Amblystegium tenax var. tenax. 2 Nov. 1988, Buck, 16421 (BUF, NY), 16427 (BUF, NY). Anomodon attenuatus. Eckel 880723, July 8, 1987 (BUF); 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16429 (BUF, NY). Anomodon rostratus. Eckel 880726, July 8, 1987 (BUF); 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16335 (BUF, NY). Brachythecium oxycladon. 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16334 (BUF, NY). Bryoerythrophyllum recurvirostrum. On dolomite boulders with Fissidens taxifolius, Weisia controversa, Carex eburnea, 87312, Sept. 12, 1986 (BUF); 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16423 (NY). Bryum capillare var. flaccidum. 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16418 (BUF, NY). Ceratodon purpureus. 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16337 (BUF, NY). Conocephalum conicum. 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16337 (BUF, NY). Eurhynchium hians. 2 Nov 1988, Buck 16426A (BUF, NY). Fissidens cristatus. 880724, July 8, 1987 (BUF); (as Fissidens dubius) 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16343A (BUF, NY). Funaria hygrometrica. 880725, July 8, 1987 (BUF). Homomallium adnatum. 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16342 (NY). Leskea polycarpa. 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16419 (BUF, NY). Lophocolea minor. 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16344 (BUF, NY). Mnium thomsonii. Eckel 880720, July 8, 1987 (BUF); 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16338 (NY). Orthotrichum anomalum. 880721, July 8, 1987 (BUF). Plagiothecium denticulatum. 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16424 (BUF, NY). Preissia quadrata. 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16349 (BUF, NY). Taxiphyllum deplanatum. 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16345 (BUF, NY), 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16426 (BUF, NY). Thelia hirtella. 880727, July 8, 1987 (BUF). Thuidium recognitum. Dolomite boulder top, west end, Eckel 8712251, April 26, 1987 (BUF); 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16345A (BUF, NY). Timmia megapolitana Hedw. var. megapolitana. 880719, July 8, 1987 (BUF). Tortella humilis. 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16347 (NY). Tortella tortuosa. 880728, July 8, 1987 (BUF). Tortula mucronifolia. 880718, July 8, 1987 (BUF). Weisia controversa. Small population, dolomite boulder, with Tortula mucronifolia, synoicous, 8706070, 1986; 1 Nov. 1988, Buck 16340 (BUF, NY). VASCULAR PLANTS: EASTERN HALF OF FIRST SISTER * Acanthopanax sieboldtianus ACANTHOPANAX. By 2nd Sister Bridge, 1988. Acer saccharum SUGAR MAPLE. 1987. * Agrostis stolonifera var. compacta CREEPING BENT. 1986. * Alliaria officinalis GARLIC MUSTARD. [Obs. 1988]. Allium canadensis WILD GARLIC. [Obs. 1988]. Aralia nudicaulis WILD SARSAPARILLA. 1988. * Arctium sp. BURDOCK. By bridge to Goat Island [obs. 1988]. * Arenaria serpyllifolia THYME-LEAVED SANDWORT. Flats, far end, 1988. Asclepias incarnata SWAMP MILKWEED. 8705287. * Barbarea vulgaris WINTER CRESS. Flats, eastern extremity [obs. 1988]. * Berberis vulgaris COMMON BARBERRY. [Obs. 1988]. Another specimen was observed near the far eastern end on the dolomite flats. Betula papyrifera CANOE BIRCH. Two by bridge to Second Sister, 1988. * Bromus inermis fo. aristatus HUNGARIAN BROME-GRASS. Carex digitalis SLENDER WOOD-SEDGE. 1987. Carex garberi GARBER'S SEDGE. 1988. Carex granularis MEADOW SEDGE. 1988. Carex hystricina PORCUPINE SEDGE. 1987. Carex lasiocarpa var. latifolia WOOLY SEDGE. 1987. Carex laxiflora LOOSE-FLOWERED SEDGE. Promontory, flats, 1988. Carex molesta TROUBLESOME SEDGE. 1988. Carpinus caroliniana AMERICAN HORNBEAM. 1986. * Cerastium vulgatum COMMON MOUSE-EAR CHICKWEED. 1988. Cornus racemosa PANICLED DOGWOOD. Far end, dolomite pavement [obs. 1988]. Cornus stolonifera RED OSIER DOGWOOD. [Obs. 1988]. * Dianthus armeria DEPTFORD PINK. 1986. * Draba verna WHITLOW GRASS. 1988. Eupatorium perfoliatum BONESET. 1988 Erigeron sp. FLEABANE. Dolomite flats [obs. 1988]. Eupatorium maculatum JOE-PYE-WEED. Dolomite flats [obs. 1988]. Eupatorium rugosum WHITE SNAKE-ROOT. 1988 [obs.]. Geranium robertianum HERB ROBERT. 1986. * Glechoma hederacea GILL-OVER-THE-GROUND. Dolomite flats area [obs. 1988]. Fraxinus americana-F. pensylvanica WHITE or RED ASH. Abundant trees, seedlings and saplings [obs. 1988]. Helenium autumnale SNEEZE-WEED. 1988. Hypericum perforatum COMMON ST.JOHN'S WORT. 1987. Impatiens biflora SPOTTED TOUCH-ME-NOT. By bridge to Goat Island, stream margin [obs. 1988]. Juncus articulatus JOINTED RUSH. 1988. Juncus bufonius TOAD RUSH. 1988. Juncus dudleyi DUDLEY'S RUSH. 1988. Lepidium virginicum COMMON PEPPERGRASS. 1987. * Ligustrum vulgare PRIVET. Dense thicket [obs. 1988]. * Lithospermum officinale COMMON GROMWELL. [Obs. 1988]. Lobelia siphilitica GREAT LOBELIA. 1988. (Eastern extremity on flats). * Lonicera tartarica TARTARIAN HONEYSUCKLE. Dense monoculture with Ligustrum vulgare [obs. 1988]. Lycopus americanus CUT-LEAVED WATER HOREHOUND. 1988. * Lycopus europaeus EUROPEAN WATER HOREHOUND. 1988. * Lysimachia
nummularia MONEYWORT. 2001. * Lythrum salicaria PURPLE LOOSESTRIFE. Dolomite flats [obs. 1988]. Maianthemum canadense FALSE LILY-OF-THE-VALLEY. 1987. Monarda fistulosa WILD BERGAMOT. 1987. Morus alba WHITE MULBERRY. [Obs. 1988]. Muhlenbergia mexicana WOOD GRASS. 1988. Myosotis laxa SMALL FORGET-ME-NOT. 1986. Ostrya virginiana HOP-HORNBEAM. Several [obs. 1988]. Panicum lanuginosum PANIC-GRASS. 1988. Parthenocissus sp. [Obs. 1988]. Physocarpus opulifolius NINE-BARK. South side [obs. 1988]. * Poa compressa CANADA BLUE-GRASS. Flats, far end, 1988. Polygonatum pubescens SMALL SOLOMON'S-SEAL. 1987. Populus cf. pendula GRAY BIRCH. Northern stream edge [obs. 1988]. Populus deltoides COTTONWOOD. Seedling on dolomite flats [obs. 1988]. Prenanthes alba LION'S-FOOT. 1987. Prunus virginiana CHOKE CHERRY. 1987. Pycnanthemum virginianum VIRGINIA MOUNTAIN MINT. 1986. Quercus borealis var. maxima NORTHERN RED OAK. 1986. Quercus prinoides var. acuminata YELLOW OAK. 1986. Ranunculus abortivus SMALL-FLOWERED CROWFOOT. May 18, 1987. * Rhamnus cathartica COMMON BUCKTHORN. 1986. * Rhodotypos scandens JETBEAD. By bridge to Goat Island, planted, 1987. Rhus radicans POISON IVY. [Obs. 1988]. Rubus strigosus RED RASPBERRY. 1988. *Rumex obtusifolius BITTER DOCK. 1986. * Sagina procumbens PEARLWORT. Bridge, S end ledge, 1988. First Sister, east end, 1986. Salix discolor PUSSY WILLOW. 1988. Salix lucida SHINING WILLOW. Southern low shoreline, 1988. Salix nigra BLACK WILLOW. 1988. Scirpus atrovirens DARK-GREEN BULLRUSH. 1988. Sisyrinchium angustifolium NARROW-LEAVED BLUE-EYED GRASS. Extremity, on dolomite flat, 1987. Smilacina racemosa FALSE SOLOMON'S SEAL. [Obs. 1988]. Smilacina stellata STAR-FLOWERED FALSE SOLOMON'S SEAL. Chlorotic plants below dense Honeysuckle and Privet shrubs, rock-tops [obs. 1988]. Solidago graminifolia NARROW-LEAVED GOLDENROD. 1988. Solidago nemoralis GRAY GOLDENROD. 1988. Symphoricarpos orbiculatus CORALBERRY. Streamside, by bridge to Goat Island [obs. 1988]. Tilia americana BASSWOOD. [Obs. 1988]. Triosteum perfoliatum var. aurantiacum ORANGE HORSE-GENTIAN. 1988. Ulmus rubra SLIPPERY ELM. Stream margin by bridge to Goat Island [obs. 1988]. Rather large Elm near the far eastern extremity [obs. 1988]. * Veronica arvensis Rock flats, 1988. Veronica serpyllifolia THYME-LEAVED SPEEDWELL. May 18, 1987. * Viburnum lantana WAYFARING TREE. 1988. Viola sp. On stone bridge to Goat Island [obs. 1988]. Another violet was observed in the wooded section. Vitis riparia FROST GRAPE. By bridge to Goat Island, dolomite flats to the extreme east [obs. 1988]. ALGAE: EASTERN HALF OF FIRST SISTER Trentipolia sp. On rock [obs. 1988]. LICHENS: EASTERN HALF OF FIRST SISTER Bacidia sp. On Anomodon attenuatus, Harris 16413 (NY); on lignum, Harris 16416 (NY). Caloplaca cirrochroa. NEW TO NEW YORK STATE On rock, Harris 22917 (NY). Caloplaca citrina. Bridge, on mortar, Harris 22863 (NY). Caloplaca feracissima. Highest point, on rock, Harris 22916 (NY); limestone flat, on rock, Harris 22929 (NY). Candelariella aurella. On rock, R. H. Harris 23028 (NY). Endocarpon pusillum. Highest point, on rock, Harris 22916 (NY). Lecanora dispersa. Highest point, on rock, Harris 22916 (NY). Mycobilimbia sabuletorum. On rock, Harris 22930 (NY). Phaeophyscia adiastola (Essl.) Essl. On rock, Harris 22933 (NY). Phaeophyscia orbicularis. Highest point, Harris 22916 (NY). Sarcogyne regularis. Shore rock, Harris 22921 (NY). Verrucaria muralis.. Along shore, on rock, Harris 23925 (NY). Verrucaria sp. Harris 22918 (NY); on shore, Harris 22920 (NY). Verrucaria sp. Harris 22928 (NY). Verrucaria sp. On shore, rock, Harris 22926 (NY). BRYOPHYTES: EASTERN HALF OF FIRST SISTER Brachythecium oxycladon. 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16415 (NY). Bryoerythrophyllum recurvirostrum. 2 Nov. 1988, Buck 16414 (BUF, NY). Tortula mucronifolia. 880708, July 8, 1988 (BUF). |