Carex "It is not unlikely that a number of other species of this large
and difficult genus (Carex) may still be found in the vicinity of the Falls;
and, as our specimens have not been submitted to any one who has made the Carices
a special study, it is quite probable that some of our determinations may prove
erroneus," Day (1888).
I would like to thank W. J. Crins for
annotating various specimens of Carex back in 1989.
Carex adusta Boott. SEDGE. "Macoun ... 'woods near Niagara
Falls, Ont.; ...' Cat. Can. Pls. IV p. 129, Heimburger (1955).
Not reported
for the Niagara Frontier flora by Zander and Pierce (1979). Mitchell (1986)
reported this species as rare and endangered in New York State , and Morton and Venn (1990)
list it for the Ontario flora.
.Carex alopecoidea Tuckerman. FOX
SEDGE. Ontario: Navy Island, island NW river margin, Eckel, July 2, 1998 (BUF).
Carex annectens (Bickn.) Bickn. SEDGE. Ontario: Navy Island, dry
embankment base, river margin, mid island, west side, Eckel, July 15, 1998
(BUF).
Carex aquatilis Wahl. NORTHERN WATER SEDGE. New York: "Niagara
Falls," Torrey (1843). "Margin of the River above the Falls,"
Day (1888). "Goat Island, Niagara Falls (Johnson)," Zenkert (1934).
New York: flats above the
Horseshoe Falls, Eckel & Zander, July 18, 1988 (BUF). New York: Buckhorn
Island, southern park boundary; abundant with C. lacustris, marsh edge,
Eckel, May 20, 1999 (BUF); marsh, with Angelica atropurpurea, Rorippa
palustris var. hispida, Cardamine pensylvanica: this may be a dominant
Carex, Eckel, June 14, 1998 (BUF); Woods Creek margin, fishing area; creek
side; with Scirpus americanus, S. torreyi, Carex bebbii, C. vulpinoidea,
Eckel, July 2, 1998 (BUF).
Listed as rare in the Niagara Frontier Region
by Zander and Pierce (1979). Only the variety altior (Rydb.) Fern. is reported in New York
State (Mitchell 1986), where it is not rare. It is probable that most of the
specimens cited above are misidentifications of the common Carex stricta Lam.
It is necessary to have the basal parts, specifically tufts of the dried-up
bases of the leaves of previous years to identify this material with certainty.
Zenkert (1943) in his ecological comments seems to reflect this difficulty in
distinguishing the two species. For Carex aquatilis he indicates it grows in
Erie County in "wet meadows along Niagara River, Grand Island Ferry and
northward in town of Tonawanda." For Carex stricta he indicates the same stations, but in
Niagara Co. he has "wet, grassy places on the American side [of the
Niagara River] above the Falls," a
quote from Day's Catalogue of the Niagara Flora. See discussion under Carex
stricta below.
Carex arctata Boott. DROOPING WOODSEDGE. Ontario, Niagara Park
System, Cameron (1895).
Carex artitecta Mackz. SEDGE. Ontario: "one mile south of Queenston
Power House, Stamford Twp., J. H. Soper & J. K. Shields (4385), May 19,
1950; Ambrose, H. H. Brown, May 23, 1937; Walsh, H. H. Brown, May 23, 1937
(TRT), Heimburger (1955).
Carex aurea Nutt. GOLDEN SEDGE. "Near Clifton, Ontario," Day
(1888). Ontario,
Queen Victoria Park, Panton (1890). Ontario,
Niagara Park System, Cameron (1895). "... reported growing in the
Parks," Hamilton (1943).
New
York: First of the Three
Sisters Islands, east end on dolomite flats. det. R. H. Zander. P. M. Eckel
890112 May 18, 1987 (BUF).
Carex backii Boott.
BACK'S SEDGE. Ontario, Niagara Park System, Cameron (1895).
This species is on the Rare
Plant Status List of the New York Natural Heritage Program (Young, 1992).
Carex bebbii Olney. BEBBĚS SEDGE. New York: Buckhorn Island, Woods
Creek margin, fishing area; creek side; with Scirpus americanus, S.
expansus, C. vulpinoidea, Eckel, July 2, 1998 (BUF).
Carex blanda Dewey. SEDGE. New York: (As C. laxiflora var. blanda
(Dewey) Boott) First Sister, wet west end, 1988 (BUF); Buckhorn Island, south
park boundary, wet woods boundary, south side of marsh, embankment overlooking
the marsh, Eckel, May 12, 1999 (BUF); Whirlpool State Park on the Niagara River,
central, galleried wood on axis between the park & DeVeaux woods, shaded
pathside. P. M. Eckel s.n. May 18, 2000 (BUF); DeVeaux College woods, old
growth area, with rich, moist soil, light-well from fallen tree, with C.
rosea, Poa trivialis P. M. Eckel s.n. May 25, 2000 (BUF).
Ontario: Wet
slopes below Brock's Monument, Queenston Heights. Seepage. P. M. Eckel 880961
June 13, 1988, annotation W. J. Crins 1989 (BUF); Navy Island; W side; frequent, Eckel, May
13, 1998 (BUF).
Carex bromoides Schkuhr. BROME SEDGE. "Wet places near Clifton,
Ontario," Day (1888). Ontario, Queen Victoria Park, Panton (1890). "... reported growing in the Parks,"
Hamilton (1943).
[Carex
canescens L. New York: Erie County, City of Buffalo, Swamps,
Niagara River. Frank W. Johnson June 30, 1923 (BUF).]
Carex careyana Torr. CAREY'S SEDGE. Ontario, Niagara
Park System, Cameron (1895).
Ontario: Queen Victoria
Park, Cameron, 1893 (NFO).
Listed as rare in the
Niagara Frontier Region by Zander and Pierce (1979). Rare in Ontario. Grows in "mesic to dry-mesic hardwood
forests," (Argus & White, 1982). It is rare in Canada.
Carex cephaloidea (Dewey) Dewey. SEDGE. Ontario: Navy Island, north
west river margins, beach, Eckel, July 15, 1998 (BUF).
Carex cephalophora Muhl. SOUTHERN SEDGE, WOODBANK SEDGE. Ontario, Niagara Park System, Cameron (1895); "... reported
growing in the Parks," Hamilton (1943).
New York: Second
of the Three Sisters Islands, east end, in grassy area, wood's edge near path.
Near bridge. Caespitose. det. Zander P. M. Eckel 880786 Aug. 6, 1988 (BUF)
First of the Three Sisters Islands, south of Goat Island in the Niagara River.
West end wet island margins. P. M. Eckel 59605 July 7, 1986 annot. Crins,
1989(BUF).
Ontario: Queen Victoria
Park, Cameron, 1893 (NFO).
Carex
communis L. Bailey.
FIBROUS-ROOTED SEDGE. Ontario: Niagara
Gorge, upper slopes along N side of Whirlpool. Edge of path through dry
hardwood forest along lip of Gorge above Whirlpool. Very local, 3 loose clumps
seen in one area. Reznicek, A.A., Catling, P.M. Oldham, M. 8767 May 30, 1991
(BUF).
Carex comosa Boott. BRISTLY SEDGE. "Near Clifton, Ontario,"
Day (1888). Ontario, Queen Victoria Park, Panton (1890). "... reported growing in the Parks," Hamilton (1943).
Ontario: Niagara Glen,
Hamilton, May 25, 1941 (NFO).
Carex complanata Torr. & Hook.
NORTHERN HIRSUTE SEDGE. Ontario, Niagara Park System (as C. triceps),
Cameron (1895). (As Carex triceps var. hirsuta)
"abundant in rocky thickets, Queenston Heights, and Foster's Flats, near
the Whirlpool ... (Macoun), 1888, Cat. Can. Pls. IV p. 137, Heimburger (1955).
(As Carex hirsutella Mackenzie), "Ontario: abundant,
Queenston Heights and near Whirlpool, Niagara gorge (Macoun, Cat. of Can.
Pl.)," Zenkert (1934).
(As Carex hirsutella Mack.), range:
Ont-swPQ. Status: Rare in Canada, Argus & White (1977). Listed as rare in
the Niagara Frontier Region by Zander and Pierce (1979). Mitchell (1986)
reported this species as rare and endangered in New York State. This species is on the Rare
Plant Status List of the New York Natural Heritage Program (Young, 1992).
Carex conoidea Schkuhr ex
Willd. FIELD SEDGE. "Moist places on the American side above the
Falls," Day (1888). "Moist places on the American side above Niagara
Falls (Day, Cat. Niag. Fl.) no corresponding specimen found in Gen. Herb.,"
Zenkert (1934).
Ontario: Navy Island, north west and northern
river margins. Eckel, July 2, 1998 (BUF).
Range: Ont-NB, NS, Nfld. Status: Rare in Minnesota
and Indiana (rare in Ontario), Argus & White (1977). Listed as a doubtful
member of the Niagara Frontier region by Zander and Pierce (1979). Mitchell
(1986) reports it as a member of the New York State flora (not rare).
Carex crawei Dewey. CRAWE'S SEDGE. Ontario, Niagara Park System,
Cameron (1895).
Ontario: Table Rock, Queen Victoria Park, Cameron, 1893 (NFO); Niagara Gorge lip ca. 1 km NE of Whirlpool, between Heritage Parkway and cliff edge. Dry open dolomite pavement (alvar) dominated by Andropogon scoparius. Single big clone (BUF). Reznicek, A.A., P.M.Catling, M.J. Oldham 8768 May 30, 1991 (BUF).
Listed as rare by Zander and Pierce (1979). This species is on the Rare
Plant Status List of the New York Natural Heritage Program (Young, 1992).
Carex crinita Lam. FRINGED SEDGE. "Near Clifton, Ontario," Day
(1888). Ontario,
Queen Victoria Park, Panton (1890). Ontario,
Niagara Park System, Cameron (1895). "... reported growing in the
Parks," Hamilton (1943).
Carex cristatella Britt.
CRESTED SEDGE. (As C. tribuloides var. cristata),
"Goat Island," Day (1888). Ontario, Niagara Park System (as C.
tribuloides var. cristata), Cameron (1895). (As C. cristata),
"... reported growing in the Parks," Hamilton (1943).
Ontario: Queen
Victoria Park, Cameron, [ca.1890] (NFO).
Carex debilis Michx.
"With C. prasina...wet places above Clifton, Ontario,"
Day (1888). Ontario, Niagara Park System, Panton (1890).
Ontario: seepy base Brock's Monument, Eckel,
June 13, 1988 (BUF).
[Carex demissa Hornem.] (As Carex oerderi) New York:
"Niagara Falls (Prof. Dewey)," Torrey (1843). (As C. oederi),
"rather rare ... Niagara Falls," Day (1882). (As C. oederi),
"Goat Island, near the Horse-shoe Fall. Niagara (Provancher, Flore
Canadienne, p. 658)," Day (1888). Ontario, Niagara Park System (as C.
oederi), Cameron (1895).
Not
listed as occurring in the Niagara Frontier Region by Zander and Pierce (1979)
or for New York State by Mitchell (1986) (at least under this name). This
species occurs in the area of the Maritimes, Canada, and "rarely on
ballast southwest," Fernald (1950).
Carex deweyana Schw.
DEWEY'S SEDGE. Ontario, Niagara Park System (as C. deweyi),
Cameron (1895).
Carex diandra Schrank. LESSER PANICLED SEDGE. Ontario, Niagara Park System
(as Carex tertiuscula), Cameron (1895).
Ontario: Queen
Victoria Park, Cameron, [ca.1890] (NFO).
Carex digitalis Willd. SLENDER WOOD SEDGE. "Goat Island,"
Day (1888). Ontario, Niagara Park System, Cameron (1895). "Ontario:
Queenston heights, Niagara escarpment (Macoun, Cat. of Can. Pl.)," Zenkert
(1934). "... reported growing in the Parks," Hamilton (1943).
Ontario: Niagara Glen,
Vampley, May 15, 1964 (NFO).
Carex disperma Dewey. SOFT-LEAVED SEDGE. Ontario, Niagara Park System
(as C. tenella), Cameron (1895). (As C. tenella),
"... reported growing in the Parks, Hamilton (1943).
Ontario: Queen
Victoria Park, Cameron, [ca.1890] (NFO).
Carex eburnea Boott.
BRISTLE-LEAVED SEDGE. "Goat Island (Prof. Dewey)," Torrey (1843).
"On the American side of the [Goat] Island, by the river, & above the
Bridge found all out of season Carex eburnea," August 22,
1864 (Clinton's Journal). "Goat Island and near DeVeaux College," Day
(1888). Ontario, Niagara Park System, Cameron (1895). Ontario: Whirlpool, Wm.
Scott, July 19, 1897, Heimburger (1955). "Goat Island and Niagara gorge
(Day, Cat. Niag. Fl.). Ontario: gorge of River at Niagara Glen (1898) (Edna
Porter, Gen. Herb.)," Zenkert (1934). "... reported growing in the
Parks," Hamilton (1943).
New York:
First of the Three Sisters Islands, "luxuriant on tops of dolomite
boulders," Eckel 87511 Sept. 10, 1986 (BUF, NYS); First
of the Three Sisters Islands in the Niagara River, just S of Goat Island. West
end. P. M. Eckel June 4, 1988 (BUF).
Ontario:
Niagara Glen, Edna Porter, May 7, 1898 (BUF); Niagara Glen, "limestone
rocks," Johnson, June 17, 1923 (BUF); Niagara Glen, Leighfield, Nov. 16,
1969 (NFO); Sheltered woods in basin just S of Whirlpool Basin. Damp, old
woods, loose dolomite talus, much Anomodon bryophyte communities. Dense,
on boulder tops all along base of gorge. P. M. Eckel 9005042 May 4, 1990 (BUF).
[Carex echinata Murr.] Ontario, Niagara
Park System, Cameron (1895). (As C. angustior) Ont.: "Niagara Falls, Wm. Scott,
June 28, 1897 (TRT), Heimburger (1955).
Ontario: Queen Victoria Park, Cameron,
[ca.1890] (NFO).
Not listed as occurring in the Niagara
Frontier Region by Zander and Pierce (1979). Cited for the New York State flora
by Mitchell (1986) and the Ontario flora by Morton and Venn (1990). Fernald
(1950) gives the distribution of this species as boreal, growing in Greenland,
Labrador and the Maritimes.
Carex festucacea Schk.
FESQUE SEDGE. Ontario, Niagara Park System, Cameron (1895).
Ontario: Queen
Victoria Park, Cameron, [ca.1890] (NFO).
Listed as rare in the Niagara Frontier Region
by Zander and Pierce (1979).
Carex flava L. YELLOW
SEDGE. Ontario, Niagara Park System, Cameron (1895).
Carex garberi Fern. ELK SEDGE. New
York: Goat Island on the
Niagara River, dolomite flats near ballast at the southeastern margins of the
island. probably OK but perigynia" ver. R. Zander. widely spaced Crins,89" P. M. Eckel
881203 May 24, 1987 (BUF); First
Sister, east end extremity on dolomite flat, occasionally inundated Eckel, June 4, 1988, annot. Crins, 1989 (BUF); Growing
in wet seep at base of cap rock, just below rim of Niagara Gorge about halfway
between sewage treatment plant and Lower Arch Bridge. Alfred Schotz 253 June 3,
1989 (BUF).
This species
is on the Rare Plant Status List of the New York Natural Heritage Program
(Young, 1992).
Carex gracillima Schw. GRACEFUL
SEDGE. Ontario, Niagara Park System, Cameron (1895). Ontario: Roundhouse,
Niagara, Scott, June 17, 1899, Heimburger (1955). "... reported growing in
the Parks," Hamilton (1943).
Ontario: Queen Victoria
Park, Cameron, [ca.1890] (NFO); Navy Island, moist woods (Oak, Ash, Maple),with
Carex rosea, Eckel, May 13, 1998 (BUF).
Carex granularis Muhl. MEADOW SEDGE. "Near Clifton, Ontario," Day
(1888). Ontario,
Queen Victoria Park, Panton (1890). Ontario,
Niagara Park System, Cameron (1895). Ontario: "Niagara Falls, Wm. Scott,
June 28, 1897 (TRT), Heimburger (1955).
New York: First
of the Three Sisters Islands, south of Goat Island in the Niagara River. West
end wet river margins, south side. det. Bill Crins P. M. Eckel 59612 June 15,
1987 (BUF); First of the Three Sisters Islands, south of Goat Island in the
Niagara River. East end extremity on dolomite flats, occasionally
inundated. det. Bill Crins P. M.
Eckel 59608 June 4, 1988 (BUF).
Ontario: Queen Victoria
Park, Cameron, [ca.1890] (NFO).
The Carex viridula (as C.
oederi) of Provancher "near the Horse-shoe Fall" on the
Canadian side (Provanchere, Flore Canadienne), Day, 1888, may be this species,
as might be Clinton's references to this plant.
Carex grayii Carey.
GRAY'S SEDGE. Ontario, Niagara Park System, Cameron (1895).
New York: (as C.
asa-grayi) Niagara Falls, LaSalle area, Cayuga Island on the Niagara River.
Edna Porter Aug. 9, 1899 (BUF).
Ontario: Queen Victoria
Park, Cameron, 1893 (NFO)
Listed as rare in
Zander and Pierce (1979).
Carex grisea Wahl. GRAY SEDGE. "With C. conoidea,
moist places on the American side above the Falls," Day (1888).
Range: sOnt-NB. Rare in Ontario, Argus & White (1977). Reported as rare in the Niagara Frontier region by Zander and
Pierce (1979
[Carex haydenii Dew.] CLOUD
SEDGE. Ontario, Niagara Park System (as Carex stricta var. decora),
Cameron (1895).
Not listed as
occurring in the Niagara Frontier Region by Zander and Pierce (1979). Mitchell (1986) lists this taxon as rare in
New York State; it grows in regions north and east of our area. It is rare in
Ontario and is "probably extirpated at many of the southeastern Ontario
localities [east of Lake Ontario]," Argus & White (1982). This species
is on the Rare Plant Status List of the New York Natural Heritage Program:
"No extant sites known but it may be rediscovered," (Young, 1992).
This species easily resembles others in the species-group Acutae (C. aquatilis
and C. stricta), which do grow in the Niagara area.
Carex hormathodes Fern.
SEDGE. Ontario: "Whirlpool, Wm.
Scott, June 21, 1898 (TRT).
Not reported for the Niagara Frontier flora by Zander
and Pierce (1979). Reported as rare in New York State by Mitchell (1979). This
species is on the Rare Plant Status List of the New York Natural Heritage
Program(Young,
1992).
Carex hystricina Muhl. PORCUPINE SEDGE.
New York: Niagara
Falls. Luna Island. L. N. Johnson June 23, 1890, herbarium of L. H. Lighthipe
(information conveyed by Benito Santos Lorenzo, BBG Herbarium); Goat Island, Eckel, July 5 ,1986 (BUF); Goat
Island on the Niagara River.Dolomite flats above the Horseshoe Falls w. R.
Zander. P. M. Eckel 8809460 July 18, 1988 (BUF);
Far
east end of First Sister Island, in the Niagara River just S of Goat Island. On
dolomite riverbed. Staminate scales w. rough awns, perigynia inflated,
spreading-ascending P.M. Eckel 880624 July 14, 1987 (BUF); First of the Three
Sisters Islands, west end in wet alluvium. Frequent. ver. R. H. Zander. P. M.
Eckel 890113 June 15, 1987 (BUF);
Second
of the Three Sisters Islands, south of Goat Island in the Niagara River.
depauperate det. R. H. Zander. P. M. Eckel 890109 Oct. 21, 1988 (BUF); Buckhorn Island, SW part of park, W of
I90, near path along Niagara River from West River Parkway to Burntship Creek,
Eckel, Oct. 1, 1997 (BUF); Buckhorn marsh; with C. aquatilis, C. stipata,
Cardamine pensylvanica, Lysimachia thyrsifolia, Carex vulpinoidea,
Eckel, June 14, 1998 (BUF).
Ontario: Navy Island, moist central Acer
rubrum wood, with Eleocharis erythropoda, Eckel, July 15,
1998 (BUF).
Carex interior Bailey. INLAND SEDGE. "... reported growing in
the Parks," Hamilton (1943).
Carex intumescens Rudge. BLADDER SEDGE. "Near Clifton, Ontario," Day
(1888). Ontario,
Queen Victoria Park, Panton (1890). Ontario,
Niagara Park System, Cameron (1895). New York: Cayuga Island, Edna Porter, Aug.
9, 1899 (BUF), Eckel (1991). "... reported growing in the Parks,"
Hamilton (1943).
Ontario: Dufferin Islands,
Cameron, 1893 (NFO).
[Carex jamesii Schwein.]
JAMES'S SEDGE. (As C. sterdellii), "near Clifton,
Ontario," Day (1888). Ontario, Queen Victoria Park, (as Carex steudellii
Kunth.), Panton (1890). "Reported by Day from Niagara Falls, Ontario, but
no corresponding specimen found in Gen. Herb.," Zenkert (1934).
Range: sOnt. Status: Rare in Canada, Argus & White
(1977). Listed by Zander and Pierce (1979) as a doubtful member of the flora of
the Niagara Frontier Region. Mitchell (1986) reports this species as rare in
New York State. This species is on the Rare Plant Status List of the New York
Natural Heritage Program(Young, 1992).
Carex lacustris Willd.
LAKE-BANK SEDGE. New York: (As C. riparia var. lacustris), "eastern
side of Goat Island," Day (1888); Cayuga Island, Eckel (1991).
New York:
Buckhorn Island, southern park boundary; extensive colonies on marsh edge, Cardamine
pensylvanica, Salix eriocephala, Eckel, May 20, 1999 (BUF); City
of Niagara Falls,LaSalle section, Cayuga Island on the Niagara River, Jane
Park, north side. Open shoreside meadow on the Little Niagara River, dense old
vegetation, Typha, Stachys, Impatiens, Justicia. P. M. Eckel July 9, 1988
(BUF); City of Niagara Falls, LaSalle section, Jayne Park on the Little Niagara
River, Cayuga Island, N side. Small marsh with Impatiens capensis,
Sagittaria, Stachys hispida. P. M. Eckel s.n. June 19, 2001 (BUF).
Ontario: Navy
Island, marsh, with Calamagrostis canadensis, Juncus nodosus, J. dudleyi,
Eleocharis palustris, Eckel, July 2, 1998 (BUF).
Carex
lanuginosa Michx. WOOLY
SEDGE. New York: Second Sister Island in the Niagara River S of Goat Island, sw
marsh, irrigated island edge, open, with Iris virginica var. shrevei, Poa
trivialis, Glyceria melicaria. P. M. Eckel s.n. June 18, 2001 (BUF).
Ontario: Navy Island just south of Niagara Falls in the Niagara
River; northwest and northern river margins. Marsh west side, on the north. P.
M. Eckel & R. Zander s.n. July 15, 1998 (BUF).
New York Erie
Co. City of Buffalo. Wet meadows, Niagara River. Frank W.
Johnson May 29, 1921 (BUF).
Carex lasiocarpa Ehrh. var. latifolia
(Boeck.) Cl. WOOLLY SEDGE. New York: First of the Three Sisters, west end in
wet alluvium. Frequent, Eckel, June 15, 1987 (BUF); First
of the Three Sisters Islands in the Niagara River just S of Goat Island. East
end, grassy island margins. P. M. Eckel 881053 June 15, 1987 (BUF); Second of
the Three Sisters Islands, east end, dolomite flats. P. M. Eckel July 4, 1987
(BUF).
Ontario: Navy Island, marsh, west side, on the north end, Eckel, July 15, 1998 (BUF).
Carex laxiculmis Schwein. SPREADING SEDGE. (As Carex retrocurva
Dew.), "Goat Island," Day (1888).
Range; sOnt. Ontario: Grey Co. and Ontario
Co. Status: Rare in Canada. Endangered in Wisconsin. Rare in Minnesota, Argus
& White (1977). Not listed as rare in the Niagara Frontier Region by Zander
and Pierce (1979).
Carex laxiflora Lam. SEDGE. Ontario, Niagara Park System (as C. laxiflora
var. patulifolia), Cameron (1895).
New York:
Goat Island, 1988 (BUF). Luna Island, 1988 (BUF); First Sister, east end, flats
promontory, 1988 (BUF); west end, 1987 (BUF). Second Sister, west end, wet
muck, 1987 (BUF); Buckhorn Island, moist woods edge, with Carex rosea,
Glyceria striata, Eckel, June 14, 1998 (BUF); Luna
Island just N of Goat Island in the Niagara River, bridge to Goat Island. Close
to C. digitalis but for obtuse, cuspidate scales, indistinct perigynia
lines, etc. P. M. Eckel 880701 May 26, 1988 (BUF).
Ontario:
Queen Victoria Park, Cameron, 1893 (NFO) [two specimens, one sub var. patulifolia];
Niagara
Glen [Foster's Flats] Wickes May 7, 1898 (BUF).
var. blanda Ontario: Navy Island; W
side; frequent, Eckel, May 13, 1998 (BUF); First Sister, wet west end, 1988
(BUF).
The var. striatula
Carey was listed by Heimburger (1955) as "Macoun ... 'Queenston Heights,
near Niagara Falls (Macoun) Cat. Can. Pls. IV p. 155." The var. serrulata
Herm. was reported as rare in New York State by Mitchell (1986) and is on the
Rare Plant Status List of the New York Natural Heritage Program (Young, 1992),
the only known New York station from Suffolk County
[Carex laxiflora Lam.
var. plantaginea Boott.] "Near DeVeaux College, Day (1888).
Not listed by Zander & Pierce (1979);
equivalent perhaps to Carex plantaginea Lam., which is.
Carex leptalea Wahl.
BRISTLE-STALKED SEDGE. (As C. polytrichoides) "wet places
above Clifton, Ontario," Day (1888). Ontario, Queen Victoria Park (as Carex
polytrichoides Muhl.) Panton (1890). Ontario,
Niagara Park System (as C. polytrichoides), Cameron (1895).
Ontario: "Niagara Falls, Wm. Scott, July 28, 1897 (TRT), Heimburger
(1955).
Ontario: Queen Victoria
Park, Cameron, [ca.1890] (NFO).
Carex leptonervia Fern. NORTHERN
WOODLAND SEDGE. New York: Luna Island, Eckel, May 26, 1988 (BUF); Buckhorn
Island, southern park boundary. Service rd., gravel, Oak-Hickory moist wood,
forest edge, Eckel, May 20, 1999 (BUF); DeVeaux College woods, old growth area,
with rich, moist soil, light-well from fallen tree, with C. blanda, C.
rosea, Poa trivialis P. M. Eckel s.n. May 25, 2000 (BUF).
Ontario: seepy wooded slopes below Brock's
Monument, Eckel, June 13, 1988 (BUF); Navy Island,
wet Ash, Oak, Maple woods, Eckel, May 13, 1998 (BUF).
Carex lupulina Muhl. HOP SEDGE. "Wet grounds above the Falls on either
side," Day (1888). Ontario, Queen Victoria Park, Panton (1890). Ontario, Niagara Park System, Cameron (1895). Ontario:
Niagara Falls, Scott, July 15, 1897 (TRT 7322), Heimburger (1955). New York:
Cayuga Island, Edna Porter, Aug. 9, 1899 (BUF), Eckel (1991)."... reported
growing in the Parks, Hamilton (1943).
New York, Niagara
Falls (LaSalle), Cayuga Island, Niagara River, Edna Porter, Aug. 9, 1899 (BUF); Buckhorn Island, southern park boundary. Service rd.,
gravel, Oak-Hickory moist wood, forest edge, Eckel, May 20, 1999 (BUF).
Ontario:
"near Cedar Island," Cameron, 1892 (NFO); Navy Island, central woods,
Quercus rubra, Q. palustris, Carya ovata, C. laciniosa, elevated borders
of vernal pools, Eckel, Sept. 21, 1998 (BUF); Navy Island; just S of
Niagara Falls, NW and northern river margins; wet Oak-Hickory
swamp woods with Acer rubrum, Ulmus americana,mid moss Hypnum
lindbergii. P. M. Eckel with R. H.
Zander s.n. July 15, 1998 (BUF).
[Carex mexicana
SEDGE. Ont.: Niagara Park System, Cameron (1895).
Not
reported as occurring in the Niagara Frontier Region by Zander & Pierce (1979), for New York by Mitchell
(1986) or Ontario by Morton and Venn (1990). In a copy of Gray's Manual of
Botany, ed. 6, for 1889, there is no plant listed with this name. Perhaps Muhlenbergia
mexicana was meant, which did appear in the Manual.
Carex molesta Mack.
TROUBLESOME SEDGE. New York: First Sister Island, east end, 1988, annotated by
Crins, 1989 (BUF).
This species is on
the Rare Plant Status List of the New York Natural Heritage Program (Young,
1992).
Carex muhlenbergii
Schk. MUHLENBERG'S SEDGE. Ontario,
Niagara Park System, Cameron (1895).
Ontario: crest
of the Niagara River gorge, north section limestone alvar vegetation on
Wintergreen Flats (above Niagara Glen) with Pentstemon hirsutus, Comandra
umbellata. P. M. Eckel s.n. May 29, 1998 (BUF).
Listed as rare in the Niagara Frontier Region
by Zander and Pierce (1979).
Carex muricata L. var. sterilis
(Carey) Gl. BARREN PRICKLEY SEDGE. (As C. sterilis), "near
Clifton, Ontario," Day (1888). Ontario, Queen Victoria Park (as Carex
sterilis Willd.), Panton (1890). (As Carex stellulata and C.
angustior) Ontario: "Niagara Falls, Wm. Scott, June 28, 1897 (TRT),
Heimburger (1955).
Var. cephalantha Bailey and var. sterilis
(Carey) Gl. are listed as rare in the Niagara Frontier Region by Zander and
Pierce (1979).
Carex nigromarginata var.
muhlenbergii (Gray) Gl. BLACK-MARGINED SEDGE. (As C. varia),
"near Clifton, Ontario," Day (1888). Ontario, Queen Victoria Park (as
C. varia) Panton (1890). (As C. varia),"...
reported growing in the Parks," Hamilton (1943).
(Without varietal rank) this
species is on the Rare Plant Status List of the New York Natural Heritage Program
(Young, 1992), and of Canada where it occurs in Ontario (Argus & White,
1982) in "open deciduous woods on sand."
Carex normalis Mackenzie. LARGER STRAW SEDGE. New York: Goat Island,
flats above the Horseshoe Falls, P. M. Eckel, July 18, 1988 (BUF); First of the
Three Sisters Islands, Eckel, July 11, 1988 (BUF); Second of the Three Sisters
Islands, east end, dolomite flats, with Carex lasiocarpa, P. M. Eckel,
July 4, 1987 (BUF).
Carex oligocarpa Schkuhr.
FEW-FRUITED SEDGE. Ontario, Niagara Park System, Cameron (1895). "Ontario:
gorge of River at Niagara Glen (Johnson)," Zenkert (1934). "...
reported growing in the Parks, Hamilton (1943).
New York: First
Sister of the Three Sisters Islands in the Niagara River just S of Goat Island.
West end. Det. R. H. Zander. P. M. Eckel 890106 June 4, 1988 (BUF).
Range: sOnt-swPQ. Status: Rare in Canada. Rare in Michigan, Argus & White (1977). A
pre-1925 collection was made near the Niagara River area in Ontario (Argus
& White, 1982), in "dry woods and banks." Listed as rare in the
Niagara Frontier Region by Zander and Pierce (1979).
Carex pedunculata Muhl.
LONG-STALKED SEDGE. Ontario, Niagara Park System, Cameron (1895).
Ontario: "gravel
pit," Queen Victoria Park, Cameron, 1893 (NFO). First Sister, west end, Eckel, 1988 (BUF).
Carex pensylvanica Lam.
PENNSYLVANIA SEDGE. "Lewiston," Day (1888). Ontario, Niagara Park
System, Cameron (1895). "Ontario: gorge of River at Niagara Glen, 1898
(Edna Porter, Gen. Herb.)," Zenkert (1934). Ontario: north of Whirlpool,
high land, Miller (53), April 23, 1952; 2 miles S of Queenston, high land,
Miller (33), May 7, 1952, Heimburger (1955). "... reported growing in the
Parks," Hamilton (1943).
New York: DeVeaux
College; base of the DeVeaux steps,north of where the steps meet the lower
path. Top of boulder, with Tortella tortuosa, Carex blanda, Actaea spicata. P.
M. Eckel s.n. May 14, 2001 (BUF);
Lewiston. Remnant of old vegetation on the gorge crest overlooking
Lewiston (Niagara River). Quercus alba, Q. borealis, Carya, Ostrya virginiana.
Woods, Hepatica americana. P. M. Eckel 8910015 June 16, 1989 (BUF).
Ontario: Queen Victoria
Park, Cameron, [ca.1890] (NFO); Niagara Glen, Edna Porter, May 7, 1898 (BUF).
Carex plantaginea Lam. PLANTAINLEAF SEDGE.
"Near Lewiston," Day (1888). Ontario, Niagara Park System, Cameron
(1895). Ontario: Stamford Twp., Niagara Gorge, rocky soil, Miller (16), April
25, 1949; Niagara Glen, T. J. Ivey, 8/6, 1907; William Scott, May 24, 1899,
Heimburger (1955). "... reported growing in the Parks," Hamilton
(1943).
Ontario: Queen Victoria
Park, Cameron, [ca.1890] (NFO).
Carex
platyphylla Carey. "Near DeVeaux College," Day (1888).
Ontario, Niagara Park System, Cameron (1895). Ontario: Whirlpool, Wm. Scott,
June 18, 1896 (TRT 7418), Heimburger (1955). "Niagara Co.: Whirlpool,
Niagara gorge, 1863 (Day, Gen. Herb.)," Zenkert (1934).
New York: Whirlpool, David
F. Day, June 6, 1863 (BUF).
Carex prasina Wahl. DROOPING SEDGE. "Wet places above Clifton,
Ontario," Day (1888). Ontario, Queen Victoria Park, Panton (1890).
Range: sOnt-swPQ. Status: Rare in Canada.
Endangered in Wisconsin, Argus & White (1977). Not listed as rare in the Niagara Frontier Region by Zander and
Pierce (1979). A pre 1925 collection was made near the area of the Niagara
River (Argus & White, 1982) in "mesic to wet-mesic hardwood
forests." It is similar to Carex arctata Boott.
Carex pseudocyperus.
CYPERUS-LIKE SEDGE. New York: Second of the Three Sisters Islands, P. M. Eckel, July 7, 1987 (BUF).
Carex retroflexa Muhl. REFLEXED SEDGE. (As C. rosea var. retroflexa),
"Goat Island in damp places," Day (1888). "A Clinton specimen,
probably local, in Gen. Herb.," Zenkert (1934).
Listed as rare and probably
absent from the Niagara Frontier flora due to possible habitat destruction by
Zander and Pierce (1979). This species is on the Rare Plant Status List of the
New York Natural Heritage Program (Young, 1992). It is rare in Canada and
recorded only from the Windsor area in Ontario. It "may be distinguished
[from Carex radiata (Wahlenb. Small and C. rosea
Schkuhr ex Willd.] by its smooth perigynium beak and spongy, distended, often
dark-coloured perigynium base," (Oldham & Reznicek, in Argus, et al.
1987).
Carex richardsonii R. Br. SEDGE. Ontario: near Niagara, John Macoun,
May 18, 1901 (TRT), Heimburger (1955).
Not reported for the Niagara
Frontier flora by Zander and Pierce (1979). Reported as rare and endangered in
New York state by Mitchell (1986). It occurs in Ontario (Morton & Venn,
1990). This species is on the Rare Plant Status List of the New York Natural
Heritage Program (Young, 1992) where it is only reported from Monroe County.
Carex rosea Schkr. ROSE SEDGE. "Goat Island, in damp
places," Day (1888). Ontario, Niagara Park System, Cameron (1895). (As Carex
convoluta Mackenzie), "Goat Island, Niagara Falls ... Ontario:
gorge of River at Niagara Glen," Zenkert (1934). "... reported
growing in the Parks," Hamilton (1943).
New York: Goat
Island on the Niagara River, woods margins facing the Meadow (east side). beak
of perigynium rough-awned, scales obtuse staminate flowers above. Stigmas two.
P.M. Eckel 880629 June 15, 1987 (BUF); Goat island in the Niagara River. Edge
of woods facing the eastern meadow.
det. Bill Crins, 1989 P. M. Eckel 59613 June 4, 1988 (BUF); First of the Three
Sisters Islands in the Niagara River just S of Goat Island. West end, wet
island thickets. det. W. J. Crins, 1989. P. M. Eckel 59614 June 4, 1988 (BUF); First of the Three Sisters Islands,
Eckel, July 11, 1988 (BUF); Luna Island in the Niagara River, just N
of Goat Island, American Channel. Northern thicket, wet river margins. det. W.
J. Crins, 1989 P. M. Eckel 59609 July 26, 1988(BUF); Lewiston. Scovell's Knoll,
elevation several hundred yards east of the Niagara River, dense, rich dry
woods with occasional damp areas. Staminate flowers at tops spikes, spongy
pergy.base P. M. Eckel 880942 June 16, 1988 (BUF); Buckhorn Island, with Apios tuberosa
in moist Acer rubrum, Oak- Hickory woods, Eckel, June 14, 1998
(BUF); Buckhorn Island State Park, wet woods south of the marsh, tufts
frequent in shade. With Poa palustris. P. M. Eckel s.n. June 9, 1999
(BUF); DeVeaux
College woods, old growth area, with rich, moist soil, light-well from fallen
tree, with C. blanda, Poa nemoralis, P. trivialis. P. M. Eckel s.n. May
25, 2000 (BUF).
Ontario: Queen Victoria
Park, Cameron, [ca.1890] (NFO); Navy Island; W side, frequent, Eckel, May 13,
1998 (BUF).
Carex rostrata Stokes.
BEAKED SEDGE. (As C. rostrata var. utriculata), "with
C. lupulina, wet grounds above the Falls on either side,"
Day (1888). Ontario, Queen Victoria Park, Panton (1890). "... reported growing in the Parks, Hamilton (1943). Listed as
rare in the Niagara Frontier Region by Zander and Pierce (1979).
Carex scabrata Schw. ROUGH
SEDGE. Ontario, Niagara Park System, Cameron (1895).
Carex scoparia Schkr.
BROOM SEDGE. "With C. sterilis ... near Clifton,
Ontario)," Day (1888). Ontario, Queen Victoria Park, Panton (1890). Ontario, Niagara Park System, Cameron (1895). Ontario:
Chippewa, Wm. Scott, July 8, 1896, Heimburger (1955). "... reported
growing in the Parks, Hamilton (1943).
Ontario: Queen Victoria
Park, Cameron, [ca.1890] (NFO). New York: Buckhorn Island, with Apios tuberosa
in moist Acer rubrum, Oak- Hickory woods, Eckel, June 14, 1998 (BUF); Woods
Creek margin, fishing area; with C. vulpinoidea, C. bebbii; Scirpus validus,
S. expansus, S. americanus, S. torreyi, Eckel, July 2, 1998
(BUF). Ontario: Navy Island, central woods area, Quercus rubra, Q.
palustris, Carya ovata, C. laciniosa, rotten bed log in dry, vernal pool
area, Eckel, Sept. 21, 1998 (BUF).
Carex sparganioides Muhl.
BURREED SEDGE. "In Wesley Park, Niagara Falls, John Macoun, June 5, 1891
(TRT), Heimburger (1955). Ontario, Niagara Park System, Cameron (1895).
Ontario: Queen Victoria
Park, Cameron, [ca.1890] (NFO). (var.
sparganioides) Ontario: Navy Island, northwest and northern river margins,
Eckel, July 15, 1998 (BUF).
Carex stipata Muhl. AWL-FRUITED SEDGE. "With C.
vulpinoides, above the Falls, on the American side, in low places,"
Day (1888). "... reported growing in the Parks," Hamilton (1943).
New York:
First of the Three Sisters Islands, west end on dolomite riverbed, Eckel, June
15, 1987 (BUF); Dolomite flats just above the Horseshoe Falls off Goat Island in
the Niagara River. Ver. R. H. Zander. P. M. Eckel 890103 June 15, 1987 (BUF); Buckhorn Island, marsh, with Eleocharis
ovata, Carex aquatilis, Cardamine pensylvanica, Eckel, June 14, 1998 (BUF).
Carex straminea Willd. STRAW SEDGE. "Near
DeVeaux College," Day (1888). Ontario, Niagara Park System, Cameron
(1895).
Ontario: Queen Victoria
Park, Cameron, [ca.1890] (NFO).
Listed as rare in the
Niagara Frontier Region by Zander and Pierce (1979). This species is on the
Rare Plant Status List of the New York Natural Heritage Program, (Young, 1992).
Carex stricta Lam. TUSSOCK SEDGE. "In wet, grassy places on the
American side above the Falls," Day (1888). Ontario, Niagara Park System,
Cameron (1895). "... reported growing in the Parks, Hamilton (1943).
New York: Goat Island,
shallow water, F. W. Johnson, Aug. 10, 1918 (BUF).
Ontario: Queen Victoria
Park, Cameron, [ca.1890] (NFO).
See comments above under Carex aquatilis.
Specimens identified as that species are probably Carex stricta instead. Voss
(1972) indicates Carex stricta grows "often in large clumps and may form
extensive meadows of 'wild hay'", as it is probable this species once did
on Strawberry Island (see Clinton's collecting journal 1863: June), where it
was harvested to stuff mattresses. Carex stricta and C. lacustris are the
predominant sedges at Buckhorn Island marsh.
Carex tenera Dewey. SLENDER STRAW SEDGE. Ontario: Navy Island,
with C. rosea, C. blanda, moist woods, P. M. Eckel, Sept. 1997 (BUF);
Navy Island, northwest and northern river margins, Eckel, July 15, 1998 (BUF).
Carex torta Boott.
TWISTED SEDGE. "Near Clifton, Ontario," Day (1888). Ontario, Queen Victoria
Park, Panton (1890).
Range: Ont-NB. Rare in Ontario, Argus & White (1977). There appears to have been a
single collection in Ontario, pre-1925, outside the Niagara region, but it
"has not been collected in the province since 1910," in "moist
grasslands," (Argus & White, 1982). Not listed as rare for the Niagara
Frontier region by Zander and Pierce (1979).
Carex tribuloides Wahl.
BLUNT BROOM SEDGE, BRISTLEBACK SEDGE. "With C. scoparia ...
near Clifton, Ontario," Day (1888). Ontario, Queen Victoria Park, Panton (1890). "... reported growing in the Parks,"
Hamilton (1943).
Ontario: Queen Victoria
Park, Cameron, [ca.1890] (NFO).
Carex trichocarpa Muhl.
HAIRY-FRUITED SEDGE. "Near Clifton, Ontario," Day (1888). Ontario, Queen Victoria
Park, Panton (1890).
New York: Niagara Falls
(LaSalle), Cayuga Islanad, Niagara River, Porter, Aug. 9, 1899 (BUF). Ontario:
"whirlpool," Queen Victoria Park, Cameron, 1893 (NFO).
Range: swOnt-swPQ. Status:
Rare in Canada. Rare in Minnesota, Michigan and Indiana, Argus & White
(1977), on riverbanks. Listed as rare
in the Niagara Frontier Region by Zander and Pierce (1979), but not rare in the
State (Mitchell 1986).
Carex
tuckermani Dewey. TUCKERMAN'S SEDGE. Ontario, Niagara Park System,
Cameron (1895). New York: Cayuga Island, Edna Porter, Aug. 9, 1899 (BUF), Eckel
(1991).(As var. niagarensis C.P. Smith (Rhodora 17:57. 1915), "Youngstown,
Niagara Co., is the station for the type collection," Zenkert (1934).
New
York: Niagara Falls (LaSalle),
Cayuga Island, Niagara River. Herb. of Buffalo Botanic Garden" Edna Porter
Aug. 9, 1899 (BUF).
Smith
(1915) described the varietal type locality in Youngstown at the mouth of the
Niagara River at Lake Ontario as an area "of level, poorly- drained, open
woodland and thickets, [the plant] confined to edges of vernal pools and
depressions where moisture lingers well into the hot days of summer, but where
the surface soil-layers dry out and crack before the akenes [sic] are
mature." The varietal epithet refers to the county.
Carex vesicaria var. monile (Tuckerman) Fernald. BLADDERY SEDGE. Ontario: Navy
Island, NW & N river margins. P. M. Eckel, July 28, 1998 (BUF).
Carex virescens Muhl. DOWNY GREEN SEDGE. "Near DeVeaux College,"
Day (1888). Ontario, Niagara Park System, Cameron (1895). Ontario:
"Niagara, Wm. Scott, July 3, 1897 (TRT), Heimburger (1955). "Ontario:
Niagara Falls (Macoun, Cat. of Can. Pl.)," Zenkert (1934). "...
reported growing in the Parks," Hamilton (1943).
Ontario: Dufferin Islands,
Cameron, 1893 (NFO).
Range: sOnt-swPQ. NS. Rare
in Ontario, Argus & White (1977), and Quebec, in mesic hardwood forests
Argus & White (1982). Listed as
rare in the Niagara Frontier Region by Zander and Pierce (1979) but not in the
State (Mitchell 1986).
Carex viridula Michx. GREEN SEDGE. (As C. oederi var. pumila),
"Niagara Co.: Niagara Falls (Clinton, Gen. Herb.)," Zenkert (1934).
New York: Niagara Falls,
Clinton, ca. 1860's (BUF); Niagara
Falls, Clinton, ca. 1860's (BUF).
Reported as rare in the
Niagara Frontier Region by Zander and Pierce (1979), but not rare for New York
State by Mitchell (1986).
Carex
vulpinoidea Michx. FOX SEDGE. "Above the Falls, on the American
side, in low places," Day (1888). Ontario, Niagara Park System, Cameron
(1895). Ontario: Chippewa, Wm. Scott, July 8, 1896 (7709), Heimburger (1955).
"... reported growing in the Parks," Hamilton (1943).
New York: First of the Three
Sisters Islands, Eckel, July 11, 1988 (BUF); Buckhorn Island, Woods Creek margin, fishing area; with C. bebbii;
Scirpus validus, S. expansus, S. americanus, S. torreyi, Eckel, July
2, 1998 (BUF).
Ontario: Queen Victoria
Park, Cameron, [ca.1890] (NFO); moist slopes below Brock's Monument, Eckel,
June 13, 1988 (BUF).