MADCAPHORSE
A Revised Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Niagara Frontier Region
Flora of the Niagara Frontier Region, Third Supplement
by Patricia M. Eckel
CATALOGUE Q - Z
Q
- Z
QUERCUS L. (Fagaceae)
Q. alba L., White Oak
Q. alba x montana = Q. x saulii, Oak NEW
Q. bicolor Willd., Swamp White Oak
Quercus borealis Michx. f. = Quercus rubra L.
Quercus borealis var. maxima (Marsh.) Sarg. = Quercus rubra L.
Q. coccina Muenchh., Scarlet Oak (excluded)
Quercus falcata of NY reports, not Michx. = Quercus rubra L.
* Q. ilicifolia Wang.; Scrub Oak, Bear Oak NEW
Q. macrocarpa Michx., Bur Oak, Mossy-cup Oak, Northern Overcup Oak
Q. montana Willd., Chestnut Oak Image 2
=Q. prinus L. of most American authors, not L.
Q. muhlenbergii Engelm., Yellow Oak, Chinquapin Oak Image2
=Q. prinoides var. acuminata Michx.
Quercus obtusiloba Michx. = Quercus stellata Wang.
Quercus pagoda of House's (1924) checklist, not Raf. = Quercus rubra L.
Q. palustris Muenchh., Pin Oak
Quercus prinoides var. acuminata Michx. not (Michx.) Gleason = Quercus muhlenbergii Engelm.
Quercus prinoides Willd. (excluded by Zander & Pierce 1979)
Quercus prinus L., of most American authors = Quercus montana Willd.
Quercus prinus var. humilis Marsh. = Quercus prinoides Willd. (excluded by Zander & Pierce 1979)
Q. rubra L., Red Oak
=Q. borealis Michx. f.
=Q. borealis var. maxima (Marsh.) Sarg.
=Q. falcata of NY reports, not Michx.
=Q. pagoda of House's (1924) checklist, not Raf.
=Q. rubra var. ambigua (A. Gray) Fern.
=Q. rubra var. borealis (Michx. f.) Farw.
=Q. triloba Michx.
Q. shumardii Buckl., Shumard Oak NEW
Q. stellata Wang., Post Oak
=Q. obtusiloba Michx.
Quercus tinctoria Bartr. = Quercus velutina Lam.
Quercus triloba Michx. = Quercus rubra L.
Q. velutina Lam., Black Oak, Dyer's Oak, Yellow-Bark Oak
=Q. tinctoria Bartr.
Radicula hispida (Desv.) Britt. = Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser ssp. hispida (Desv.) Jonesell
Radicula sylvestris (L.) Druce = Rorippa sylvestris (L.) Besser
Raimannia laciniata (Hill) Rose = Oenothera laciniata Hill
RANUNCULUS L. (Ranunculaceae)
R. abortivus L., Small-flowered Crowfoot
var. abortivus
var. eucyclus Fern. NEW
Ranunculus acer L. = Ranunculus acris L.
* R. acris L., Tall Meadow Buttercup
=R. acer L.
=R. acris var. latisectus Beck
=R. acris var. villosus (Drab.) Cole
Ranunculus alismaefolius (of Day, 1882) = Ranunculus ambigens S. Wats.
R. allegheniensis Britt., Alleghenian Crowfoot, Mountain Crowfoot
R. ambigens S. Wats., Water-plantain Spearwort, American Spearwort
=R. alismaefolius (of Day, 1882)
=R. laxicaulis (of authors)
=R. obtusiusculus of authors, not Raf.
Ranunculus boraeanus Jord. = Ranunculus recurvatus Poir. ex Lam.
* R. bulbosus L., Bulbous Buttercup, Meadow-bloom
=R. tuberosus Hornem.
Ranunculus circinatus of American authors, not Sibth. = Ranunculus longirostris Godr.
Ranunculus cymbalaria Pursh = (excluded by Zander & Pierce 1979)
Ranunculus delphinifolius Torr. = Ranunculus flabellaris Raf. ex Bigel.
Ranunculus divaricatus Schrank = Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix ex Vill.
R. fascicularis Muhl. ex Bigel., Early Buttercup
* R. ficaria L., Lesser Celandine NEW
=Ficaria ficaria (L.) Karst.
=R. ficaria ssp. bulbifera (Marsden-Jones) Lawal. ex Rob.
Ranunculus filiformis Michx. = R. flammula L. var. filiformis (Michx.) Hooker
R. flabellaris Raf. ex Bigel., Yellow Water Crowfoot
=R. delphinifolius Torr.
=R. fluviatilis Bigel.
=R. lacustris Beck & Tracey
=R. multifidus Pursh
=R. purshii of NY reports, not Richards.
R. flammula L., Creeping Spearwort, Lesser Spearwort
var. filiformis (Michx.) Hooker
=R. filiformis Michx.
=R. reptans var. filiformis (L.) DC.
=R. reptans var. reptans of authors, not L.
Ranunculus fluviatilis Bigel. = Ranunculus flabellaris Raf. ex Bigel.
R. hispidus Michx., Hispid Buttercup
var. caricetorum (Greene) Duncan, Swamp or Marsh Buttercup
=R. septentrionalis of some authors, not Poir.
var. hispidus, Hispid Buttercup
var. nitidus (Muhl. ex Ell.) Duncan, Swamp Buttercup NEW
=R. septentrionalis Poir.
Ranunculus hirsutus Muhl. = Ranunculus recurvatus Poir. ex Lam.
Ranunculus lacustris Beck & Tracey = Ranunculus flabellaris Raf. ex Bigel.
Ranunculus laxicaulis (of authors) = Ranunculus ambigens S. Wats.
R. longirostris Godr., Stiff White Water Crowfoot
=Batrachium longirostre (Godr.) F. Schultz
=Ranunculus circinatus of American authors, not Sibth.
=R. longirostris of authors
=R. subrigidus Drew
Ranunculus multifidus Pursh = Ranunculus flabellaris Raf. ex Bigel.
Ranunculus obtusiusculus of authors, not Raf. = Ranunculus ambigens S. Wats.
R. pensylvanicus L. f., Bristly Crowfoot
Ranunculus purshii of NY reports, not Richards. = Ranunculus flabellaris Raf. ex Bigel.
Ranunculus purshii Richards. = not sensu R. flabellaris Raf. ex Bigel, but Ranunculus gmelinii DC. (excluded by Zander & Pierce 1979)
R. recurvatus Poir. ex Lam., Hooked Crowfoot, Rough Buttercup
=R. boraeanus Jord.
=R. hirsutus Muhl.
=R. recurvatus var. adpressipilus Weath.
* R. repens L., Creeping Buttercup
=R. repens var. degeneratus Schur
=R. repens var. pleniflorus Fern.
Ranunculus reptans var. filiformis (L.) DC. = Ranunculus flammula L. var. filiformis (Michx.) Hooker
Ranunculus reptans var. reptans of authors, not L. = R. flammula L. var. filiformis (Michx.) Hooker
* R. scleratus L., Cursed Crowfoot, Blisterwort
Ranunculus septentrionalis of some authors, not Poir. ex Lam. = Ranunculus hispidus Michx. var. caricetorum (Greene) Duncan, or var. nitidus (Muhl. ex Ell.) Duncan
Ranunculus subrigidus Drew = Ranunculus longirostris Godr.
[R. trichophyllus Chaix ex Vill., White Water Crowfoot (possibly excluded)
=Batrachium trichophyllum (Chaix ex Vill.) Bosch.
=R. aquatilis var. calvescens (Drew) Benson
=R. aquatilis var. trichophyllus (Chaix) Gray
=R. aquatilis var. capillaceus (Thuill.) DC. of Zenkert (1934)
=R. divaricatus Schrank
According to records at NYS, there are no records of specimens
in any of the western New York counties of this species (NYFA 1990).
Ranunculus tuberosus Hornem. = Ranunculus bulbosus L.
RAPHANUS L. (Brassicaceae)
* R. raphanistrum L., Jointed Charlock, Wild Radish, White Charlock
* R. sativus L., Garden Radish
RATIBIDA Raf. (Asteraceae)
* R. pinnata (Vent) Barnh., Gray-headed Coneflower, Prairie Coneflower
=Lepachys pinnata (Vent.) Torr. & A. Gray
Razoumofskya pusilla (C. Peck) Kuntze = Arceuthobium pusillum C. Peck
Reynoutria japonica Houtt. = Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. & Zucc.
Reynoutria sachalinensis (Schmidt ex Maxim.) Nakai ex Mori = Polygonum sachalinense Schmidt ex Maxim.
RESEDA L. (Resedaceae)
* R. lutea L., Yellow Mignonette, Scrambling Rocket NEW
RHAMNUS L. (Rhamnaceae)
R. alnifolia L'Her., Alder-leaved Buckthorn
Rhamnus caroliniana of old NY reports, not Walt. = Rhamnus frangula L.
* R. cathartica L., Common Buckthorn
* R. frangula L., Alder Buckthorn, Smooth Buckthorn Image 2
=Frangula alnus Mill.
=Rhamnus caroliniana of old NY reports, not Walt.
RHODODENDRON L. (Ericaceae)
R. groenlandicum (Oeder) Kron & Judd, Laborador Tea Image 2 3
=Ledum decumbens of early NY reports, not (Ait.) Lodd.
=L. groenlandicum Oeder
=L. latifolium Ait.
=L. palustre ssp. groenlandicum (Oeder) Hultén
R. maximum L., Rhododendron, Great Laurel, Rosebay, White Laurel
Rhododendron nudiflorum var. roseum (Loisel.) Weig. = Rhododendron prinophyllum (Small) Millais
R. prinophyllum (Small) Millais, Pink Azalea, Early Azalea, Mountain Azalea, Rose-honeysuckle, Election-pink
=Azalea prinophylla Small
=Rhododendron nudiflorum var. roseum (Loisel.) Weig.
=R. roseum (Loisel.) Rehd.
Rhododendron roseum (Loisel.) Rehd. = Rhododendron prinophyllum (Small) Millais
RHODOTYPOS Sieb. & Zucc. (Rosaceae)
Rhodotypos kerrioides Sieb. & Zucc. = Rhodotypos scandens (Thunb.) Makino
* R. scandens (Thunb.) Makino, Jetbead, White Kerria NEW
=R. kerrioides Sieb. & Zucc.
=R. tetrapetala (Sieb.) Makino
Rhodotypos tetrapetala (Sieb.) Makino = Rhodotypos scandens (Thunb.) Makino
RHUS L. (Anacardiceae)
R. aromatica Ait., Fragrant Sumac, Lemon Sumac, Polecat-bush Image 2
=R. canadensis Marsh.
=R. trilobata of NY reports, not (Nutt.) A. Gray
R. copallinum L., Shining Sumac, Winged Sumac, Dwarf Sumac NEW
Rhus canadensis Marsh = Rhus aromatica Ait.
Rhus cotinus L. = Cotinus coggygria Scop.
R. glabra L., Smooth Sumac
R. hirta (L.) Sudworth, Staghorn Sumac, Velvet Sumac Image 2 3 4
=Datisca hirta L.
=Rhus typhina L.
Rhus radicans L. = Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze ssp. radicans
Rhus radicans var. rydbergii (Small ex Rydb.) Rehd. = Toxicodendron rydbergii (Small ex Rydb.) Greene
Rhus radicans var. vulgaris (Michx.) DC. in part = Toxicodendron rydbergii (Small ex Rydb.) Greene
Rhus toxicodendron (of Zenkert, 1934) = Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze s.l.
Rhus trilobata of NY reports, not (Nutt.) A. Gray = Rhus aromatica Ait.
Rhus typhina L. = Rhus hirta (L.) Sudworth
Rhus venenata DC. = Toxicodendron vernix (L.) Kuntze
Rhus vernix L. = Toxicodendron vernix (L.) Kuntze
RHYNCHOSPORA Vahl (Cyperaceae)
R. alba (L.) Vahl, White Beaked-rush
R. capillacea Torr., Capillary Beaked-rush
=R. capillacea var. laeviseta E.J. Hill
RIBES L. (Grossulariaceae)
R. americanum Mill., Wild Black Currant
=R. floridanum L'Hér.
* R. aureum Pursh, Golden Currant, Buffalo Currant
* var. villosum DC.
=Ribes odoratum Wendl.f. ex Bartl. & Wendl. f.
R. cynosbati L., Prickly Gooseberry, Dogberry, Pasture Gooseberry Image 2
=Grossularia cynosbati (L.) Mill.
Ribes floridanum L'Hér. = Ribes americanum Mill.
R. glandulosum Grauer, Skunk Currant
=R. prostratum L'Hér.
R. hirtellum Michx., Smooth Gooseberry
=R. hirtellum var. saxosum (Hooker) Fern.
=R. oxyacanthoides L., in part
R. lacustre (Pers.) Poir., Swamp Black Currant, Bristly Black Currant
=R. oxyacanthoides L. var. lacustre Pers.
* R. nigrum L., Garden Black Currant
Ribes odoratum Wendl. f. ex Bartl. & Wendl. f. = Ribes aureum Pursh var. villosum DC.
Ribes oxyacanthoides (of authors) = Ribes hirtellum Michx.
Ribes oxyacanthoides L. var. lacustre Pers. = Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir.
Ribes prostratum L'Hér. = Ribes glandulosum Grauer
* R. rotundifolium Michx., Eastern Wild Gooseberry, Round-leaf Currant
* R. rubrum L., Red Currant, Northern or Garden Red Currant, Cherry-currant
=R. sativum (Reichenb.) Syme
=R. vulgare of NY reports, not Lam.
Ribes rubrum var. subglandulosum Maxim. = Ribes triste Pallas
Ribes sativum (Reichenb.) Syme = Ribes rubrum L.
R. triste Pallas, Wild Red Currant Image 2
=R. triste var. albinervium (Michx.) Fern.
=R. rubrum var. subglandulosum Maxim.
Ribes vulgare of NY reports, not Lam. = Ribes rubrum L.
ROBINIA L. (Leguminosae)
Robinia fertilis of NY reports, not Ashe = Robinia hispida L.
* R. hispida L., Bristly Locust, Rose-acacia, Mossy Locust
=R. fertilis of NY reports, not Ashe
=R. hispida var. fertilis of NY reports, not (Ashe) R. Clausen
* R. pseudo-acacia L., Black Locust, False Acacia Image 2 3
* R. viscosa Vent. ex Vauq., Clammy Locust
RORIPPA Scop. (Brassicaceae)
Rorippa islandica (Oeder) Borbás ssp. islandica (Oeder) Borbás = Rorippa palustris ssp. palustris (L.) Besser
Rorippa islandica (Oeder) Borbás var. fernaldiana Butters & Abbe = Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser ssp. fernaldiana (Butters & Abbe) Jonesell
Rorippa islandica (Oeder) Borbás var. hispida (Desv.) Butters & Abbe = Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser ssp. hispida (Desv.) Jonesell
* R. nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek, Water Cress
=Nasturtium officinale R. Br. ex Ait.
=N. nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Karst.
=Sisymbrium nasturtium-aquaticum L.
Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser = Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser ssp. palustris
R. palustris (L.) Besser, Marsh Cress, Yellow Watercress
ssp. fernaldiana (Butters & Abbe) Jonesell
=R. islandica (Oeder) Borbás var. fernaldiana Butters & Abbe
ssp. hispida (Desv.) Jonesell Hispid Yellow Cress
=Radicula hispida (Desv.) Britt.
=R. islandica var. hispida (Desv.) Butters & Abbe
* ssp. palustris
=R. islandica ssp. islandica (Oeder) Borbás
=R. palustris (L.) Besser
* R. sylvestris (L.) Besser, Yellow Cress, Creeping Yellow-cress
=Radicula sylvestris (L.) Druce
ROSA L. (Rosaceae)
R. acicularis Lindl., Prickly Rose
ssp. sayi (Schwein. ex Keating) Lewis
=Rosa acicularis var. bourgeauiana Crépin
=R. acicularis var. sayiana Erl.
=R. sayi Schwein. ex Keating
R. acicularis x blanda = R. x housei Erlanson, House's Rose NEW
Rosa acicularoides Schuette = Rosa blanda Ait.
Rosa bicknellii Rydb. = Rosa virginiana Mill.
R. blanda Ait., Smooth Rose, Meadow Rose
=R. acicularoides Schuette
=R. blanda varieties of NY reports
=R. blanda var. glabra Crépin
=R. fraxinifolia Lindl.
=R. solanderi Tratt.
* R. canina L., Dog Rose
R. carolina L., Dwarf Rose
var. carolina
=R. carolina var. glandulosa (Crépin) Farw.
=R. carolina var. grandiflora (Baker) Rehd.
=R. carolina var. obovata (Raf.) Deam
=R. gemella Willd.
=R. housei Erl.
=R. obovata Raf.
=R. parviflora Ehrh.
=R. serrulata Raf.
Rosa carolinensis Marsh. = Rosa virginiana Mill.
* R. eglanteria L., Sweetbrier, Eglantine
=R. rubiginosa L.
* R. gallica L., French Rose
Rosa gemella Willd. = Rosa carolina L. var. carolina
Rosa housei Erl. = Rosa carolina L. var. carolina
Rosa lucida Ehrh. = Rosa virginiana Mill.
* R. micrantha Borr. ex Sm. in Sowerby, Small-Flowered Sweetbrier
=R. rubiginosa var. micrantha Lindl.
* R. multiflora Thunb. ex Murr., Multiflora Rose
Rosa nanella Rydb. = Rosa virginiana Mill.
Rosa obovata Raf. = Rosa carolina L. var. carolina
R. palustris Marsh., Swamp Rose, Églantier
=R. palustris var. inermis (Schuette) Erl.
Rosa parviflora Ehrh. = Rosa carolina L.
Rosa rubifolia R. Br. ex Ait. = Rosa setigera Michx. var. tomentosa Torr. & A. Gray
Rosa rubiginosa L. = Rosa eglanteria L.
Rosa rubiginosa var. micrantha Lindl. = Rosa micrantha Borr. ex Sm. in Sowerby
* R. rugosa Thunb., Rugose Rose, Japanese or Turkistan Rose, Sand-Rose, Sea-beach Rose
Rosa sayi Schwein. ex Keating = Rosa acicularis Lindl. ssp. sayi (Schwein. ex Keating) Lewis
Rosa serrulata Raf. = Rosa carolina L. var. carolina
R. setigera Michx., Prairie Rose, Climbing Rose
var. setigera
* var. tomentosa Torr. & A. Gray
=R. rubifolia R. Br. ex Ait.
Rosa solanderi Tratt. = Rosa blanda Ait.
R. virginiana Mill., Pasture Rose, Wild Rose
=R. bicknellii Rydb.
=R. carolinensis Marsh.
=R. lucida Ehrh.
=R. nanella Rydb.
RUBUS Tourn. (Rosaceae)
R. allegheniensis Porter ex Bailey, Common Highbush Blackberry, Northern Blackberry, Sow-teat Blackberry
=R. villosus (of local authors) = Rubus allegheniensis Porter ex Bailey (p.p.)
Rubus americanus Britt. = Rubus pubescens Raf.
* R. bifrons Vest ex Tratt., Himalaya-berry NEW
=R. discolor of some authors, not Weihe & Nees
=R. procerus of some authors, not Müll.
R. canadensis L. Smooth Blackberry
=R. pergratus Blanch. of Eaton & Schrot (1987).
Rubus dalibarda L. = Dalibarda repens L.
(* )R. flagellaris Willd. Northern Dewberry, American Dewberry, Prickly Dewberry
=R. canadensis (of local authors)
=R. villosus var. humifusus (of authors)
Rubus heterophyllus (of American authors) = Rubus pensilvanicus Poir. ex Lam.
R. hispidus L. Running Blackberry, Swamp Dewberry
=R. permixtus Blanch. of Eaton and Schrot (1987).
R. idaeus L. European Red Raspberry
* ssp. idaeus NEW
ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke, Wild Raspberry
=R. idaeus ssp. sachalinensis (Levl.) Focke
=R. idaeus ssp. melanolasius Focke
=R. idaeus var. strigosus (Michx.) Maxim.
=R. strigosus Michx.
=R. strigosus var. canadensis (Richards.) House
Rubus idaeus americanus Torrey = Rubus occidentalis L.
* R. illecebrosus Focke, Balloonberry, Raspberry-Strawberry
* R. laciniatus Willd. Cut-leaved Blackberry, Evergreen Blackberry
R. occidentalis L., Black Raspberry, Black-cap, Black Thimbleberry
=R. idaeus americanus Torrey
=R. occidentalis var. flavobaccus Blanch.
R. odoratus L. Purple-flowering Raspberry, Pink Thimbleberry Image 2 3 4
R. pensilvanicus Poir. ex Lam., Highbush Blackberry
=R. heterophyllus Willd.
Rubus pergratus Blanch. = Rubus canadensis L.
Rubus permixtus Blanch. = Rubus hispidus L. sensu lato
* R. phoenicolasius Maxim., Wineberry NEW II
R. pubescens Raf., Dwarf Raspberry
=R. americanus Britt.
=R. pubescens var. pilosifolius A. Hill
=R. triflorus Richards.
=R. triphyllus Thunb.
R. setosus Bigel., Northern Bog Blackberry
Rubus strigosus Michx. = Rubus idaeus L. ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke
Rubus strigosus var. canadensis (Richards.) House = Rubus idaeus L. ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke
Rubus triflorus Richards. = Rubus pubescens Raf.
Rubus triphyllus Thunb. = Rubus pubescens Raf.
Rubus villosus (of local authors) = Rubus allegheniensis Porter ex Bailey (p.p.)
Rubus villosus var. humifusus (of authors) = Rubus flagellaris Willd.
RUDBECKIA L. (Asteraceae)
R. hirta L., Black-eyed Susan, Gloriosa Daisy, Yellow Daisy
* var. pulcherrima Farw.
=R. serotina Nutt.
(* )R. laciniata L., Tall Coneflower, Black-eyed-Susan, Golden-Glow
=R. laciniata var. bipinnata Perdue
=R. laciniata var. hortensis Bailey
Rudbeckia laciniata var. hortensis Bailey = Rudbeckia laciniata L.
Rudbeckia serotina Nutt. = Rudbeckia hirta L. var. pulcherrima Farw.
(* )R. triloba L., Thin-leaved Coneflower, Black-eyed Susan, Yellow Daisy
RUMEX L. (Polygonaceae)
Rumex x pratensis Mert. & Koch = Rumex crispus x obtusifolius = x acutus L.
* R. acetosella L., Sheep Sorrel Image 2 3
=R. acetosella ssp. angiocarpus (Murb.) Murb.
=R. angiocarpus Murb.
R. altissimus Wood, Tall, Pale, Water or Peach-leaf Dock
Rumex angiocarpus Murb. = Rumex acetosella L.
Rumex britannica (of authors) = Rumex orbiculatus A. Gray
Rumex conglomeratus of NY reports, not Murr. = Rumex obtusifolius L.
Rumex crispatulus Michx. = Rumex obtusifolius L.
* R. crispus L., Curled Dock, Yellow or Sour Dock
Rumex hydrolapathum var. americanum A. Gray = Rumex orbiculatus A. Gray
R. maritimus L., Golden Dock, Seashore Dock
var. fueginus (Phil.) Dusén NEW
Rumex mexicanus Meisn. in part = Rumex salicifolius Weinm. var. mexicanus (Meisn.) Hitchc.
* R. obtusifolius L., Broad-leaved Dock, Bitter-dock, Red-veined Dock
=R. conglomeratus of NY reports, not Murr.
=R. crispatulus Michx.
=R. pulcher of NY reports, not L.
=R.sanguineus of NY reports, not L.
R. orbiculatus A. Gray, Great Water Dock
=R. britannica of authors, not L.
=R. hydrolapathum var. americanum A. Gray
=R. orbiculatus var. borealis Rech. f.
* R. patientia L., Garden Patience, Patience Dock, Monk's Rhubarb
Rumex pulcher of NY reports, not L. = Rumex obtusifolius L.
* R. salicifolius Weinm., Willow-leaved Dock
var. mexicanus (Meisn.) Hitchc.
=R. mexicanus Meisn. ex DC.
=R. salicifolius Weinm. ssp. triangulivalvis Danser
=R. salicifolius Weinm. var. triangulivalvis (Danser) Hickm.
=R. triangulivalvis (Danser) Rech. f.
Rumex sanguineus of NY reports, not L. = Rumex obtusifolius L.
Rumex triangulivalvis (Danser) Rech. f. = Rumex salicifolius Weinm. var. mexicanus (Meisn.) Hitchc.
R. verticillatus L., Water or Swamp Dock
RUPPIA L.(Ruppiaceae)
R. maritima L., Ditch-grass
=R. maritima var. longipes Hagstr.
=R. maritima var. onondagensis Fern. & Wieg.
=R. maritima var. rostrata Agardh
Rynchospora (ortho. var.) = Rhynchospora Vahl
SAGINA L. (Caryophyllaceae)
* S. procumbens L., Pearlwort, Bird's Eye
SAGITTARIA L. (Alismataceae)
S. cuneata Sheldon, Arum-leaved Arrowhead, Wapeto
Sagittaria engelmaniana ssp. longirostra (Micheli) Bogin = Sagittaria latifolia Willd.
Sagittaria esculenta Howell = Sagittaria latifolia Willd.
S. graminea Michx., Grass-leaf Sagittaria NEW
=S. eatonii Sm.
Sagittaria heterophylla Pursh = Sagittaria rigida Pursh
Sagittaria heterophylla var. rigida (Pursh) Engelm. in A. Gray = Sagittaria rigida Pursh
S. latifolia Willd., Broad-leaved Arrowhead
=S. engelmaniana ssp. longirostra (Micheli) Bogin
=S. esculenta Howell
=S. latifolia var. obtusa (Muhl. ex Willd.) Sm.
=S. variabilis Engelm. in A. Gray
S. rigida Pursh, Sessile-fruited Arrowhead
=S. heterophylla Pursh
=S. heterophylla var. rigida (Pursh) Engelm. in A. Gray
Sagittaria variabilis Engelm. in A. Gray = Sagittaria latifolia Willd.
SALICORNIA L. (Chenopodiaceae)
S. europaea L., Glasswort, Samphire, Chicken-claws
=S. europaea var. simplex (Pursh) Fern.
=S. herbacea L.
=S. prostrata Pall.
Salicornia europaea var. simplex (Pursh) Fern. = Salicornia europaea L.
Salicornia herbacea L. = Salicornia europaea L.
Saliornia prostrata Pall. = Salicornia europaea L.
SALIX L. (Salicaceae)
* S. alba L., White Willow
=S. alba var. vitellina (L.) Koch
=S. vitellina L.
S. amygdaloides Anderss., Peach-leaved Willow
Salix angustissima Anderss. = Salix exigua Nutt.
* S. babylonica L., Weeping Willow
=S. babylonica varieties
S. bebbiana Sarg., Beaked Willow, Bebb's Willow
=S. depressa L. var. rostrata (Anderss.) Hiit.
=S. livida var. occidentalis (of Day, 1882)
=S. rostrata Richards., not Thuill.
S. candida Fluegge ex Willd., Hoary Willow, Sage Willow
=S. candida var. denudata Anderss.
=S. pellita of NY reports, not (Anderss.) Schneid.
Salix coactilis Fern. = Salix sericea Marsh.
S. cordata Michx., Sand dune Willow, Heartleaf Willow NEW
=S. syrticola Fern.
Salix cordata Muhl., not Michx., of Zenkert, 1934 = Salix eriocephala Michx.
Salix cordata angustata Anders, sec. House 1924 = Salix eriocephala Michx.
Salix depressa L. var. rostrata (Anderss.) Hiit. = Salix bebbiana Sarg.
S. discolor Muhl., Pussy Willow, Glaucous Willow
S. eriocephala Michx., Heartleaf Willow, Stiff Willow, Diamond Willow
=S. cordata Muhl., not Michx., of Zenkert, 1934
=S. cordata angustata Anders., sec. House 1924
=S. discolor x rigida of NY reports
=S. nigra x petiolaris of NY reports
=S. nigra x rigida of NY reports
=S. rigida Muhl.
=S. myricoides of NY reports, not Muhl.
S. exigua Nutt., Sandbar Willow
=S. angustissima Anderss.
=S. interior Rowlee
=S. linearifolia Rydb.
=S. longifolia Muhl.
* S. fragilis L., Crack Willow, Brittle Willow
Salix glaucophylloides Fern. = Salix myricoides Muhl.
Salix gracilis Anderss. = Salix petiolaris Sm.
Salix grisea Willd. = Salix sericea Marsh.
S. humilis Marsh., Prairie Willow, Gray Willow, Small Pussy-willow, Upland Willow
var. humilis
var. tristis (Ait.) Griggs
=S. tristis Ait.
Salix interior Rowlee = Salix exigua Nutt.
Salix linearifolia Rydb. = Salix exigua Nutt.
Salix livida var. occidentalis (of Day, 1882) = Salix bebbiana Sarg.
Salix longifolia Muhl. = Salix exigua Nutt.
S. lucida Muhl., Shining or Glossy Willow
Salix myrtilloides (of authors) = Salix pedicellaris Pursh
* S. matsudana Koidz., Dragon-claw Willow, Corkscrew Willow NEW
S. myricoides Muhl. NEW
=Salix glaucophylloides Fern.
A specimen noted from the Fort Erie area of the Regional Municipality
of Niagara by Soper and Heimberger (1982). Its range extends north to the
James Bay area from dunes, gravelly shores and flats around the Great
Lakes' shores. Mitchell and Tucker (1997) indicate that New York reports of
S. myricoides are S. eriocephala Michx. The species does not appear to
occur in New York State.
S. nigra Marsh., Black Willow, Swamp Willow
S. pedicellaris Pursh, Bog Willow
=S. myrtilloides (of authors)
=S. myrtilloides ssp. pedicellaris (Pursh) Anderss.
=S. pedicellaris var. hypoglauca Fern.
Salix pellita of NY reports, not (Anderss.) Schneid. = Salix candida Fluegge ex Willd.
* S. pentandra L., Bay-leaf Willow NEW
S. petiolaris Sm., Slender Willow
=S. gracilis Anderss.
Salix petiolaris var. grisea (Willd.) Torr. = Salix sericea Marsh.
* S. purpurea L., Basket Willow, Purple Willow
Salix rigida Muhl. = Salix eriocephala Michx.
Salix rostrata Richards., not Thuill. = Salix bebbiana Sarg.
S. sericea Marsh., Silky Willow
=S. coactilis Fern.
=S. grisea Willd.
=S. petiolaris var. grisea (Willd.) Torr.
S. serissima (Bailey) Fern., Autumn Willow
Salix syrticola Fern. = S. cordata Michx.
Salix tristis Ait. = Salix humilis Marsh.
Salix vitellina L. = Salix alba L.
SALSOLA L. (Chenopodiaceae)
Salsola atriplicifolium Spreng. = Cycloloma atriplicifolium (Spreng.) Coult.
* S. pestifer A. Nelson, Russian Thistle
=S. australis of authors, not R. Br.
=S. iberica Sennen & Pau
=S. kali L. var. tenuifolia Tausch, not Meyer
=S. ruthenica Iljin ex Sorn.
=S. tragus of authors, not L.
Salvia officinalis L. (excluded by Zander and Pierce 1979).
SAMBUCUS L. (Caprifoliaceae)
S. canadensis L., Black Elderberry Image 2
Sambucus pubens Michx. = Sambucus racemosa L. ssp. pubens (Michx.) House
S. racemosa L., Red-berried Elder
ssp. pubens (Michx.) House
=S. pubens Michx.
=S. racemosa var. leucocarpa (Torr. & A. Gray) Cronq.
SAMOLUS L. (Primulaceae)
Samolus floribundus Kunth = Samolus valerandii L. ssp. parviflorus (Raf.) Hultén
Samolus parviflorus Raf. = Samolus valerandii L. ssp. parviflorus (Raf.) Hultén
S. valerandii L., Brookweed
ssp. parviflorus (Raf.) Hultén
=S. floribundus Kunth
=S. parviflorus Raf.
=S. valerandii var. americanus Gray
Samolus valerandii var. americanus Gray = Samolus valerandii L. ssp. parviflorus (Raf.) Hultén
SANGUINARIA L. (Papaveraceae)
S. canadensis L., Bloodroot, Puccoon Image 2 3
SANGUISORBA L. (Rosaceae)
S. canadensis L., Burnet
* S. minor Scop., Garden Burnet
=Poterium sanguisorba of authors, not L.
=S. muricata (Spach) Gremeli
=S. minor ssp. muricata Briq.
Sanguisorba muricata (Spach) Gremeli = Sanguisorba minor Scop.
SANICULA L. (Apiaceae)
S. canadensis L., Short-styled Snakeroot
=S. canadensis var. grandis Fern.
Sanicula gregaria Bickn. = Sanicula odorata (Raf.) Pryer & Phillippe
S. marilandica L, Black Snakeroot
S. odorata (Raf.) Pryer & Phillippe, Clustered Snakeroot
=S. gregaria Bickn.
=Triclinium odoratum Raf.
S. trifoliata Bickn., Large-fruited Snakeroot
SAPONARIA L. (Caryophyllaceae)
Saponaria hispanica Mill. = Vaccaria hispanica (Mill.) Raush.
* S. officinalis L., Bouncing Bet, Soapwort, Fuller's-Herb, Sheepweed, Hedge-pink Image 2
Saponaria vaccaria L. = Vaccaria hispanica (Mill.) Raush.
Sarothamnus scoparius (L.) Wimmer = Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link
SARRACENIA L. (Sarraceniaceae)
S. purpurea L., Pitcher-plant, Side-saddle Plant
SASSAFRAS Nees (Lauraceae)
S. albidum (Nutt.) Nees, Sassafras Image 2 3
=S. officinale Nees & Eberm.
Sassafras officinale Nees & Eberm. = Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees
SATUREJA L. (Lamiaceae)
Satureja acinos (L.) Scheele = Acinos arvensis (Lam.) Dandy
Satureja arkansana (Nutt.) Briq. = Calamintha arkansana (Nutt.) Shinners
Satureja glabella var. angustifolia (Torr.) Svenson = Calamintha arkansana (Nutt.) Shinners
Satureja glabra (Nutt.) Fern. = Calamintha arkansana (Nutt.) Shinners
* S. hortensis L., Summer Savory
Satureja vulgaris (L.) Fritsch = Clinopodium vulgare L.
SAURURUS L. (Saururaceae)
S. cernuus L., Lizard'-tail
SAXIFRAGA L. (Saxifragaceae)
S. aizoides L., Yellow Mountain Saxifrage
S. pensylvanica L., Swamp Saxifrage
S. virginiensis Michx., Early Saxifrage
SCABIOSA L. (Dipsacaceae)
Scabiosa arvensis L. = Knautia arvensis (L.) Coulter
Scabiosa australis Wulf. = Succisella inflexa (Kluk) Beck
* S. columbaria L., Pigeon Scabious, Pincushion Flower, Scabious
SCHEUCHZERIA L. (Juncaginaceae)
S. palustris L., Bog Arrow-grass
ssp. americana (Fern.) Hultén
=S. palustris var. americana Fern.
SCHIZACHNE Hack. (Poaceae)
S. purpurascens (Torr.) Swallen, Purple Oat, False Melic
=Melica purpurascens (Torr.) Hitchc.
SCHIZACHYRIUM Nees (Poaceae)
S. scoparium (Michx.) Nash, Little Bluestem
ssp. scoparium
=Andropogon scoparius Michx.
=A. scoparius var. septentrionalis Fern. & Grisc.
=A. scoparius var. frequens Hubbard
=A. scoparius var. glaucescens House
Schoenoplectus acutus (Muhl.) A. & D. Löve = Scirpus acutus Muhl. ex Bigel.
Schollera graminea (Michx.) Raf. = Heteranthera dubia (Jacq.) MacM.
SCILLA L. (Liliaceae)
* S. siberica Haw. ex Andr., Scilla, Squill NEW
SCIRPUS L. (Cyperaceae)
S. acutus Muhl. ex Bigel., Western Bulrush, Hard-stemmed Bulrush, Tule
=Schoenoplectus acutus (Muhl.) A. & D. Löve
S. americanus Pers., Chair-maker's Rush, Three-square, Swordgrass,
=S. olneyi Gray
Scirpus americanus Pers. in part = Scirpus pungens Vahl.
Scirpus atrocinctus Fern. = Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth
S. atrovirens Willd. (not Muhl.), Dark-green Bulrush
=S. atrovirens var. sycnocephalus Cowles
S. cespitosus L., Tufted Club-rush
Scirpus campestris var. paludosus (A. Nels.) Fern. = Scirpus maritimus L.
S. clintonii A. Gray, Clinton's Club-rush
S. cyperinus (L.) Kunth, Wool-grass
=S. atrocinctus Fern.
=S. cyperinus var. pelius Fern.
=S. eriophorum Michx.
=S. pedicellatus Fern.
=S. rubricosus Fern.
Scirpus eriophorum Michx. = Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth
S. expansus Fern., Wood Bulrush
=S. sylvaticus L. in part
S. fluviatilis (Torr.) A. Gray, River Bulrush
S. georgianus Harper, Bullrush NEW
=S. atrovirens var. georgianus (Harper) Fern. in part.
S. heterochaetus Chase, Slender Bulrush
Scirpus lacustris ssp. tabernaemontanii (Gmel.) Syme = Scirpus tabernaemontanii Gmel.
Scirpus lineatus of authors, not Michx. = Scirpus pendulus Muhl.
S. maritimus L., Seaside Bullrush, Bayonet-grass
=S. campestris var. paludosus (A. Nels.) Fern.
=S. maritimus var. fernaldii (Bickn.) Beetle
=S. maritimus var. paludosus (A. Nels.) Kuekenth.
=S. paludosus A. Nels.
=S. paludosus var. atlanticus Fern.
S. microcarpus C. Presl, Red-tinged Bulrush
=Scirpus rubrotinctus Fern.
Scirpus olneyi Gray = Scirpus americanus Pers.
Scirpus paludosus A. Nels. = Scirpus maritimus L.
Scirpus pauciflorus Lightf. = Eleocharis pauciflora (Lightf.) Link
Scirpus pedicellatus Fern. = Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth
S. pendulus Muhl., Reddish Bulrush
=S. lineatus of authors, not Michx.
Scirpus planifolius Muhl. = Scirpus verecundus Fern.
S. polyphyllus Vahl, Leafy Bulrush
S. pungens Vahl, Bulrush NEW
Scirpus rubricosus Fern. = Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth
Scirpus rubrotinctus Fern. = Scirpus microcarpus C. Presl
S. smithii Gray, Bulrush NEW Literature report for Ontario.
=S. juncoides Roxb. var. williamsii (Fern.) T. Koyama
=S. purshianus Fern.
=S. smithii var. williamsii (Fern.) Beetle
Scirpus sylvaticus L., in part = Scirpus expansus Fern.
S. tabernaemontanii Gmel., Great Bulrush, Soft-stem Bulrush, Tule, Great or Southern Bulrush
=Scirpus lacustris ssp. tabernaemontanii (Gmel.) Syme
=S. validus Vahl
S. torreyi Olney, Torrey's Bulrush
Scirpus validus Vahl = Scirpus tabernaemontanii Gmel.
S. verecundus Fern., Wood Club-rush
=S. planifolius Muhl.
SCLERANTHUS L. (Caryophyllaceae)
* S. annuus L., Knawel, German Knot-Grass
=S. annuus ssp. ruscinonensis (Gillot & Coste) P. Sell
=S. uncinatus Schur
SCLERIA Berg. (Cyperaceae)
S. reticularis Michx., Nutrush, Whipgrass NEW
var. reticularis
=S. muhlengergii Steud.
=S. setacea Poir.
Scleria muhlengergii Steud. = Scleria reticularis Michx. var. reticularis
Scleria setacea Poir. = Scleria reticularis Michx. var. reticularis
S. verticillata Muhl. ex Willd., Low Nut-rush
SCROPHULARIA L. (Scrophulariaceae)
S. lanceolata Pursh, Hare Figwort
S. marilandica L., Maryland Figwort, Carpenter's-square
* Scrophularia nodosa L. (excluded by Zander & Pierce 1979)
SCUTELLARIA L. (Lamiaceae)
Scutellaria canescens Nutt. = Scutellaria incana Biehl.
Scutellaria epilobiifolia Hamil. = Scutellaria galericulata L.
S. galericulata L., Hooded Scullcap
=S. epilobiifolia Hamilt.
S. incana Biehl., Hoary Skullcap NEW
=S. canescens Nutt.
S. lateriflora L., Mad-dog Scullcap
S. parvula Michx., Small Scullcap
var. australis Fassett
=S. australis (Fassett) Epling
var. parvula
=S. australis var. leonardii of NY reports, not (Epling) Fern.
SECALE L. (Poaceae)
* S. cereale L., Rye, NEW
SEDUM L. (Crassulaceae)
* S. acre L., Mossy Stoncrop, Yellow Sedum, Wall-sedum, Wallpepper
Sedum purpureum (L.) Link = Sedum telephium L.
* S. sarmentosum Bunge, Sedum NEW
* S. telephium L., Live-forever
=S. purpureum (L.) Link
=S. triphyllum (Haw.) S.F. Gray
* S. ternatum Michx., Wild Stonecrop, Stonewort, Mountain Stonecrop
Sedum triphyllum (Haw.) S.F. Gray = Sedum telephium L.
SELAGINELLA Beauv. (Selaginellaceae)
S. apoda L., Creeping Selaginella, Northern Meadow Spikemoss
=Lycopodium apodum L.
=Selaginella apus (L.) Spring ex Mart.
=S. eclipes Buck
Selaginella apus (L.) Spring ex Mart. = Selaginella apoda (L.) Spring
Selaginella eclipes Buck = Selaginella apoda L.
S. rupestris (L.) Spring, Rock Selaginella, Rock Spikemoss
=Lycopodium rupestre L.
Selinum canadense Michx. = Conioselinum chinense (L.) BSP.
SENECIO L. (Asteraceae)
S. aureus L., Golden Ragwort
=S. aureus var. gracilis (Pursh) Britt.
S. aureus x pauperculus, Groundsel NEW
Senecio aureus var. balsamitae (Muhl.) Torr. & A. Gray = Senecio pauperculus Michx.
Senecio aureus var. gracilis (Pursh) Britt. = Senecio aureus L.
Senecio balsamitae Muhl. = Senecio pauperculus Michx.
S. obovatus Muhl. ex Willd., Round-leaved Squaw-weed, Ragwort, Groundsel, Squaw-weed
S. pauperculus Michx., Balsam Groundsel
=S. pauperculus varieties
=S. pauperculus var. balsamitae (Muhl.) Fern.
=S. balsamitae Muhl.
* S. viscosus L., Sticky Groundsel NEW
* S. vulgaris L., Common Groundsel
SENNA Mill. (Fabaceae)
S. hebecarpa (Fern.) Irwin & Barneby, Wild Senna, Partridge-pea, American senna
=Cassia hebecarpa Fern.
=C. marylandica of NY reports, not L.
Serapias helleborine (L.) Crantz = Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz
Seriococarpus asteroides (L.) BSP = Aster paternus Cronq.
SETARIA Beauv. (Poaceae)
* S. faberi Herrm., Giant Foxtail
Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv. = Setaria pumila (Poir.) Schultes
* S. italica (L.) Beauv., Italian Millet
Setaria lutescens (Weigel) Hubbard = Setaria pumila (Poir.) Schultes
* S. pumila (Poir.) Schultes, Pigeon-grass, Yellow Foxtail
=S. glauca (L.) Beauv.
=S. lutescens (Weigel) Hubbard
* S. verticillata (L.) Beauv., Bristly Foxtail
* S. viridis (L.) Beauv., Green Foxtail, Bottlegrass (probably originally Bottle-brush Grass).
SHEPHERDIA Nutt. (Elaeagnaceae)
S. canadensis (L.) Nutt., Canadian Buffalo-berry, Soapberry Image 2
SHERARDIA L. (Rubiaceae)
* S. arvensis L., Field-madder
SICYOS L. (Cucurbitaceae)
S. angulatus L., Bur-cucumber, Star Cucumber
Sicyos lobata Michx. = Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) Torr. & A. Gray
SIDA L. (Malvaceae)
Sida abutilon L. = Abutilon theophrasti Medik.
* S. spinosa L., Prickly Mallow
SILENE L. (Caryophyllaceae)
Silene alba (Mill.) Krause = Silene latifolia Poir.
S. antirrhina L., Sleepy Catchfly
=S. antirrhina var. depauperata Rydb.
=S. antirrhina var. divaricata B. Robinson
=S. divaricata (B. Robinson) Smyth
* S. armeria L., Sweet William Catchfly, Not-so-Pretty
=S. armeria var. sparsiflora Schur
* S. cserei Baumg., Campion NEW
=S. czerei and S. cserii of authors
=S. fabaria sensu Rydb., not (L.) Sibth. & Sm.
Silene cucubalus Wibel = Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke
Silene czerei of authors = Silene cserei Baumg.
* S. dichotoma Ehrh., Forking Catchfly, Forked Catch-fly
=S. gallica of NY reports, not L.
Silene divaricata (B. Robinson) Smyth = Silene antirrhina L.
Silene fabaria sensu Rydb., not (L.) Sibth. & Sm. = Silene cserei Baumg.
Silene gallica of NY reports, not L. = Silene dichotoma Ehrh.
Silene inflata (Salisb.) Sm. = Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke
* S. latifolia Poir., Evening Lychnis
=Lychnis alba Mill.
=L. arvensis Gaertn., Meyer & Scherb.
=L. vespertina Sibth.
=Silene alba (Mill.) Krause
=S. pratensis (Raf.) Gord. & Gren.
Silene latifolia (Mill.) Britt. & Rendle, not Poir. (of Zenkert, 1934) = Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke
* S. noctiflora L., Night-flowering Catchfly, Sticky Campion
= Melandrium noctiflorum (L.) Fries
Silene pratensis (Raf.) Gord. & Gren. = Silene latifolia Poir.
S. stellata (L.) Ait. f., Starry Campion, Widow's Frill
=S. stellata var. scabrella (Nieuwl.) Palmer & Steyerm.
* S. vulgaris (Mornch) Garcke, Bladder Campion, Maiden's Tears Image 2 3 4
=S. cucubalus Wibel
=S. latifolia (Mill.) Britt. & Rendle, not Poir. (of Zenkert, 1934)
=S. inflata (Salisb.) Sm.
SILPHIUM L. (Asteraceae)
* S. lacinatum L., Compass Plant, Rosinweed
* S. perfoliatum L., Cup Plant
* S. trifoliatum L., Whorled Rosinweed
=S. asteriscus in part
SILYBUM Adans. (Asteraceae)
S. marianum (L.) Gaertn., Milk Thistle, Blessed Thistle, St. Mary's Thistle
=Carduus mariana L.
=Mariana mariana (L.) Hill
SINAPIS L. (Brassicaceae)
* S. arvensis L., Charlock Image 2
=Brassica arvensis (L.) Rabenh.
=B. arvensis var. schkuhriana (Reichenb.) Wheeler
=B. kaber (DC.) L. Wheeler
=B. kaber var. pinnatifida (Stokes) Wheeler
=Sinapis schkuhriana Reichenb.
Sinapis nigra L. = Brassica nigra (L.) Koch
Sinapis schkuhriana Reichenb. = Sinapis arvensis L.
SISYMBRIUM L. (Brassicaceae)
* S. altissimum L., Tumble Mustard
=Norta altissima (L.) Britt. ex Britt. & Brown
Sisymbrium brachycarpon Rich. ex Frankl. = Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britt. ssp. brachycarpa (Richards. ex Frankl.) Detl.
Sisymbrium brachycarpum Richardson = Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britt. ssp. brachycarpa (Richards. ex Frankl.) Detl.
Sisymbrium canescens Nutt. of Ontario reports and Western New York = Descurainia pinnata var. pinnata (Walt.) Britt. (excluded by Zander and Pierce 1979).
Sisymbrium erucastrum Poll. = Erucastrum gallicum (Willd.) Schulz
Sisymbrium gallicum Willd. = Erucastrum gallicum (Willd.) Schulz
* S. loeselii L., Tall Hedge-mustard NEW
Sisymbrium murale L. = Diplotaxis muralis (L.) DC.
Sisymbrium nasturtium-aquaticum L. = Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek
* S. officinale (L.) Scop., Hedge Mustard, Bank-cress
=Erysimum officinale L.
=Sisymbrium officinale var. leiocarpum DC.
Sisymbrium sophia L. = Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl
Sisymbrium tenuifolia (L.) DC. = Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC.
Sisymbrium thalianum (L.) J.Gay = Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.
SISYRINCHIUM L. (Irideaceae)
S. angustifolium Mill., Narrow-leaved Blue-eyed Grass Image 2
=S. graminoides Bickn.
Sisyrinchium gramineum Curtis = Sisyrinchium angustifolium Mill.
Sisyrinchium graminoides Bickn. = Sisyrinchium angustifolium Mill.
S. montanum Greene, Mountain Blue-eyed Grass
var. montanum
S. mucronatum Michx., Michaux's Blue-eyed Grass
SIUM L. (Apiaceae)
Sium carsonii Durieu ex A. Gray = Sium suave Walt.
Sium cicutaefolium Schrank = Sium suave Walt.
S. suave Walt., Water Parsnip
=S. carsonii Durieu ex A. Gray
=S. cicutaefolium Schrank
=S. lineare Michx.
Sium lineare Michx. = Sium suave Walt.
Smallanthus uvedalia (L.) Mackz. ex Small = Polymnia uvedalia (L.) L.
Smilacina bifolia Torr. = Maianthemum canadensis Desf.
Smilacina racemosa (L.) Desf. = Maianthemum racemosum L.
Smilacina racemosa var. cylindrata Fern. = Maianthemum racemosum L.
Smilacina stellata (L.) Desf. = Maianthemum stellatum L.
Smilacina trifolia (L.) Desf. = Maianthemum trifolium L.
SMILAX L. (Liliaceae)
S. herbacea L., Carrion-flower, Jacob's Ladder
=S. lasioneuron of NY reports, not Hook.
S. hispida Muhl. ex Torr., Bristly Greenbrier, Hagbrier
=S. tamnoides var. hispida (Muhl.) Fern.
Smilax lasioneuron of NY reports, not Hook. = Smilax herbacea L.
S. rotundifolia L., Catbrier, Greenbrier, Horse-brier, Bull-brier
Smilax tamnoides var. hispida (Muhl.) Fern. = Smilax hispida Muhl. ex Torr.
SOLANUM L. (Solanaceae)
Solanum americanum Mill. in part = Solanum nigrum L.
Solanum americanum Mill. in part = Solanum ptycanthum Dunal
* S. carolinense L., Horse-nettle, Ball Night-shade
Solanum cornutum of authors, not Lam. = Solanum rostratum Dunal
* S. dulcamara L., Bitter Nightshade, Climbing or Trailing Nightshade, Bittersweet Image 2 3
* S. nigrum L., Black Nightshade, Poison-berry Image 2
=S. americanum Mill. in part
=S. rubrum of authors, not L.
Solanum nigrum of NY reports in large part, not L. = Solanum ptycanthum Dunal
Solanum lycopersicum L. = Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.
S. ptycanthum Dunal, Black Nightshade, Poisonberry NEW
=S. americanum of some NY reports, not Mill.
=S. nigrum of NY reports in large part, not L.
* S. rostratum Dunal, Buffalo-bur, Kansas Thistle Image 2 3
=S. cornutum of authors, not Lam.
Solanum rubrum of authors, not L. = Solanum nigrum L.
Solea concolor Forst. = Hybanthus concolor (Forst.) Spreng.
SOLIDAGO L. (Asteraceae)
Solidago altissima L. = Solidago canadensis var. scabra (Muhl.) Torr. & A. Gray
Solidago altissima var. procera (Ait.) Fern. = Solidago canadensis var. scabra (Muh.) Torr. & A. Gray
S. arguta Ait., Cut-leaved Goldenrod
=S. muhlenbergii Torr. & A. Gray
Solidago aspera Ait. = Solidago rugosa Mill. ssp. aspera (Ait.) Cronq.
S. bicolor L., Silverrod, White Goldenrod
Solidago bicolor var. concolor Torr. & A. Gray = Solidago hispida Muhl. ex Willd. (excluded by Zander & Pierce 1979)
S. caesia L., Blue-stemmed Goldenrod
S. canadensis L., Canada or Common Goldenrod
var. canadensis
=S. rupestris of NY reports, not Raf.
var. hargeri Fern.
var. scabra (Muhl.) Torr. & A. Gray, Tall Goldenrod
=S. altissima L.
=S. altissima var. procera (Ait.) Fern.
=S. Canadensis var. procera Torrey & A. Gray
S. flexicaulis L., Zigzag Goldenrod
=S. latifolia L.
S. gigantea Ait., Late Goldenrod
=S. gigantea var. leiophylla Fern.
=S. gigantea var. serotina (Ait.) Cronq.
=S. serotina Ait.
=S. serotina var. gigantea (Ait.) A. Gray
Solidago graminifolia (L.) Salisb. = Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt. ex Cass.
Solidago graminifolia var. nuttallii (Greene) Fern. = Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt. ex Cass.
Solidago graminifolia var. polycephala (Fern.) Fern. = Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt. ex Cass.
S. hispida Muhl. ex Willd., Goldenrod
S. houghtonii Torr. & A. Gray ex A. Gray, Houghton's Goldenrod
=S. ohioensis x ptarmicoides of some authors
Solidago humilis (of authors) = Solidago uliginosa Nutt.
S. juncea Ait., Early Goldenrod
Solidago lanceolata L. = Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt. ex Cass.
Solidago lateriflora L. = Aster lateriflorus (L.) Britt. var. lateriflorus
Solidago latifolia L. = Solidago flexicaulis L.
Solidago muhlenbergii Torr.& A. Gray = Solidago arguta Ait.
Solidago neglecta Torr.& A. Gray = Solidago uliginosa Nutt.
S. nemoralis Ait., Gray Goldenrod, Old-field Goldenrod
S. odora Ait., Sweet Goldenrod NEW
=S. suaveolens of authors, not Schoepf.
S. ohioensis Riddell, Ohio Goldenrod
Solidago ohioensis x ptarmicoides of some authors = Solidago houghtonii Torr. & A. Gray ex A. Gray
S. patula Muhl. ex Willd., Rough-leaved Goldenrod, Spreading Goldenrod
Solidago polycephala Fern. = Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt. ex Cass.
S. ptarmicoides (Nees) Boivin, Upland Goldenrod, Upland White Aster Image 2
=Aster ptarmicoides (Nees) Torr. & A. Gray
Solidago purshii Porter = Solidago uliginosa Nutt. var. linoides (Torrey & A. Gray) Fern.
S. rigida L., Stiff Goldenrod
S. rugosa Mill., Rough Goldenrod
ssp. aspera (Ait.) Cronq., Rough Goldenrod
=S. rugosa var. aspera (Ait.) Fern.
=S. aspera Ait.
ssp. rugosa
var. rugosa
Solidago rupestris of NY reports, not Raf. = Solidago canadensis L. var. canadensis
S. sempervirens L., Seaside Goldenrod NEW
Solidago serotina Ait. = Solidago gigantea Ait.
Solidago serotina var. gigantea (Ait.) A. Gray = Solidago gigantea Ait.
S. squarrosa Muhl., Stout Ragged Goldenrod
[Solidago stricta Ait. (a far southern species excluded by Zander & Pierce, 1979)]
Solidago suaveolens of authors, not Schoepf. = Solidago odora Ait.
S. uliginosa Nutt., Bog or Swamp Goldenrod
var. linoides (Torrey & A. Gray) Fern. NEW
var. uliginosa
=S. humilis (of authors)
=S. neglecta Torr. & A. Gray
=S. uniligulata (DC.) Porter
=S. uniligulata var. neglecta (Torr.& A. Gray) Fern.
=S. uniligulata var. levipes Fern.
S. ulmifolia Muhl. ex Willd., Elm-leaved Goldenrod
Solidago uniligulata (DC.) Porter = Solidago uliginosa Nutt.
Solidago uniligulata var. levipes Fern. = Solidago uliginosa Nutt.
Solidago uniligulata var. neglecta (Torr.& A. Gray) Fern. = Solidago uliginosa Nutt.
SONCHUS L. (Asteraceae)
S. arvensis L., Sow-thistle, Milk-thistle, Hog-thistle
* ssp. arvensis Field Sow-thistle
* ssp. uliginosus (Bieb.) Nyman, Marsh Sow-thistle
=S. arvensis var. glabrescens Guenth., Graeb. & Wimm.
=S. uliginosus Bieb.
* S. asper (L.) Hill, Spiny-leaved Sow-thistle
* S. oleraceus L., Common Sow-thistle, Milk-thistle Image 2 3
Sonchus uliginosus Bieb. = Sonchus arvensis L. ssp. uliginosus (Bieb.) Nyman
Sophora tinctoria L. = Baptisia tinctoria (L.) Vent.
SORBARIA (Ser.) A. Br. (Rosaceae)
* S. sorbifolia (L.) A. Br., False Spiraea NEW
=Spiraea sorbifolia L.
SORBUS L. (Rosaceae)
S. americana Marsh., American Mountain-ash, Dogberry, Roundwood
=Pyrus americana (Marsh.) DC.
=Sorbus microcarpa Pursh
* S. aucuparia L., Rowan Tree, Mountain Ash, Quickbeam
=Pyrus aucuparia (L.) Gaertn.
S. decora (Sarg.) C.K. Schneid., Showy Mountain-ash, Dogberry
=Pyrus decora (Sarg.) Hyland
=P. dumosa Fern.
=Sorbus sambucifolia of NY reports, not (Cham. & Schlect.) Roemer
Sorbus microcarpa Pursh = Sorbus americana Marsh.
Sorbus sambucifolia of NY reports, not (Cham. & Schlect.) Roemer = Sorbus decora (Sarg.) Schneid.
SORGHASTRUM Nash (Poaceae)
S. nutans (L.) Nash ex Small, Indian Grass
=Sorgum nutans (L.) Gray
SORGHUM Moench (Poaceae)
* S. bicolor (L.) Moench, Sorghum, Broomcorn NEW
=Holcus sorghum L.
* S. halepense (L.) Pers., Johnson Grass
=Holcus halepensis L.
Sorghum nutans (L.) Gray = Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash
SPARGANIUM L. (Sparganianceae)
S. americanum Nutt., Nuttall's Bur-reed
=S. simplex var. nuttalii Engelm.
S. androcladum (Engelm.) Morong, Bur-reed NEW
Sparganium chlorocarpum Rydb. = Sparganium erectum L.
S. erectum L., Green-fruited Bur-reed
=S. chlorocarpum Rydb.
=S. simplex Hudson
S. eurycarpum Engelm. ex A. Gray, Giant Bur-reed, Great Bur-reed
=S. ramosum Pursh
Sparganium ramosum Pursh = Sparganium eurycarpum Engelm. ex Gray
Sparganium simplex Hudson = Sparganium erectum L.
Sparganium simplex var. nuttalii Engelm. = Sparganium americanum Nutt.
SPARTINA Schreb. (Poaceae)
Spartina cynosuroides (of authors) = Spartina pectinata Link
Spartina michauxiana Hitchc. = Spartina pectinata Link
* S. patens (Ait.) Muhl., Salt-meadow Grass, High-water Grass
=S. patens var. juncea Hitchc.
=S. patens var. monogyna (Curtis) Fern.
S. pectinata Link, Slough-grass, Freshwater or Prairie Cordgrass
=S. cynosuroides (of authors)
=S. michauxiana Hitchc.
=S. pectinata var. suttiei (Farw.) Fern.
Spartium scoparium L. = Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link
Spathyema foetida (L.) Raf. = Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.
Specularia perfoliata (L.) A. DC. = Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl.
SPERGULA L. (Caryophyllaceae)
S. arvensis L., Corn Spurry
=S. arvensis var. sativa (Bönn.) Mert. & Koch (not Reichenb.)
=S. linicola Boreau
=S. maxima Weihe
=S. sativa Bönn.
=S. vulgaris Bönn.
Spergula linicola Boreau = Spergula arvensis L.
Spergula maxima Weihe = Spergula arvensis L.
Spergula sativa Bönn. = Spergula arvensis L.
Spergula vulgaris Bönn. = Spergula arvensis L.
SPERGULARIA (Pers.) J. & C. Presl (Caryophyllaceae)
Spergularia alata Wieg. = Spergularia media (L.) C. Presl ex Griseb.
Spergularia alata Wieg. in part = Spergularia salina J. & C. Presl
Spergularia campestris (L.) Aschers. = Spergularia rubra (L.) J. & C. Presl
* S. media (L.) C. Presl ex Griseb., Margined Sand Spurry
=Alsine marginata (DC. ex Lam. & DC.) Reichenb.
=A. media (L.) Druce
=Arenaria marginata DC. ex Lam. & DC.
=A. maritima Pall.
=A. media L.
=Spergularia alata Wieg.
=S. marginata (DC. ex Lam. & DC.) Kittel
=S. maritima (All.) Choiv.
Spergularia canina (Leffler) Leffler = Spergularia salina J. & C. Presl
Spergularia leiosperma (Kindb.) F. Schmidt = Spergularia salina J. & C. Presl
Spergularia marginata (DC. ex Lam. & DC.) Kittel = Spergularia media (L.) C. Presl ex Griseb.
Spergularia marina (L.) Griseb. = Spergularia salina J. & C. Presl
Spergularia maritima (All.) Choiv. = Spergularia media (L.) C. Presl ex Griseb.
* S. rubra (L.) J. & C. Presl, Common Sand-spurry, Purple Sand-spurry, Sandwort NEW
=Alsine rubra (L.) Crantz
=Arenaria rubra L.
=Spergularia campestris (L.) Aschers.
* S. salina J. & C. Presl, Saltmarsh Sand-spurry NEW
=Alsine maritima Pall.
=Arenaria rubra var. marina L.
=A. marina Allioni
=Buda marina (L.) Dumort.
=Spergula salina (J. & C. Presl) Dietr.
=Spergularia alata Wieg. in part
=S. canina (Leffler) Leffler
=S. leiosperma (Kindb.) F. Schmidt
=S. marina (L.) Griseb.
=S. tenue Greene
=Tissa marina (L.) Britt.
Spergularia tenue Greene = Spergularia salina J. & C. Presl
SPHENOPHOLIS Scribn. (Poaceae)
Sphenopholis intermedia (Rydb.) Rydb. = Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. var. major (Torr.) Erdm.
S. nitida (Biehler) Scribn., Early Bunch-grass, Wedge-grass
S. obtusata (Michx.) Scribn., Prairie Wedgegrass
= Eatonia obtusata A. Gray
var. major (Torr.) Erdm., Intermediate Bunch-grass
=Eatonia pennsylvanica A. Gray, in part.
=E. pennsylvanica A. Gray var. major
=S. intermedia (Rydb.) Rydb.
=S. x pallens of NY reports, not (Biehl.) Scribn.
Sphenopholis obtusata var. lobata (Trin.) Scribn. = Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. var. obtusata
Sphenopholis obtusata var. pubescens (Scribn. & Merr.) Scribn.= Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. var. obtusata
Sphenopholis x pallens of NY reports, not (Biehl.) Scribn. = Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. var. major (Torr.) Erdm.
S. pensylvanica (L.) Hitchc., Swamp Oats NEW
=Trisetum pensylvanicum (L.) Beauv. ex R. & S.
SPIRAEA L. (Rosaceae)
S. alba DuRoi, Narrow-leaved Meadow-sweet
var. alba
=S. paniculata Willd.
=S. salicifolia of NY reports in part, not L.
var. latifolia (Ait.) Dippel, Broad-leaved Meadow-sweet, Canada Tea
=S. latifolia (Ait.) Borkh.
=S. sitchensis of NY reports, not Roemer
Spiraea latifolia (Ait.) Borkh. = Spiraea alba DuRoi var. latifolia (Ait.) Dippel
Spiraea opulifolia L. = Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim. var. opulifolius
Spiraea paniculata Willd. = Spiraea alba DuRoi var. alba
Spiraea salicifolia of some NY reports in part, not L. = Spiraea alba Du Roi var. latifolia (Ait.) Dippel
Spiraea sitchensis of NY reports, not Roemer = Spiraea alba Du Roi var. latifolia (Ait.) Dippel
Spiraea sorbifolia L. = Sorbaria sorbifolia (L.) A. Br.
S. tomentosa L., Hardhack
var. tomentosa
Spiraea trifoliata L. = Porteranthus trifoliatus (L.) Britt.
SPIRANTHES L. Rich. (Orchidaceae)
S. casei Catl. & Cruise, Lady's-tresses NEW
S. cernua (L.) L. Rich., Nodding Lady's-tresses
S. lacera (Raf.) Raf., Slender Lady's-tresses
var. gracilis (Bigel.) Luer
=S. gracilis (Bigel.) Beck
Spiranthes latifolia Torr. ex Lindl. = Spiranthes lucida (H.Eat.) Ames
S. lucida (H.Eat.) Ames, Shining Lady's-tresses
=Ibidium plantagineum Rafinesque sec. Macdonald 1990
=Spiranthes latifolia Torr. ex Lindl.
=S. plantaginea Raf.
S. ochroleuca (Rydb. ex Britt.) Rydb., Creamy Lady's-Tresses NEW
=S. cernua var. ochroleuca (Rydb. ex Britt.) Ames
Spiranthes plantaginea Raf. = Spiranthes lucida (H. Eat.) Ames
S. romanzoffiana Cham., Hooded Lady's-tresses
SPIRODELA Schleid. (Lemnaceae)
S. polyrhiza (L.) Schleiden, Greater Duckweed, Giant Duckweed, Water-Flaxweed
=Lemna polyrhiza L.
SPOROBOLUS R. Br. (Poaceae)
S. airoides (Torr.) Torr. (excluded by Zander & Pierce 1979)
S. asper (Michx) Kunth, Rush-grass, Dropseed
* S. cryptandrus (Torr.) A. Gray, Sand Drop-seed
S. neglectus Nash, Small Rush-grass, Poverty-grass
S. vaginiflorus (Torr. ex A. Gray) Wood, Sheathed Rushgrass, Poverty-grass
=S. vaginiflorus var. inaequalis Fern.
STACHYS L. (Lamiaceae)
Stachys aspera Michx. = Stachys hyssopifolia Michx.
Stachys hispida Pursh = Stachys tenuifolia Willd.
S. hyssopifolia Michx., Rough Hedge-nettle
=S. aspera Michx.
=S. hyssopifolia var. ambigua A. Gray
=S. tenuifolia var. aspera (Michx.) Fern.
S. palustris L., Woundwort
=S. palustris varieties
=S. palustris var. homotricha Fern.
S. tenuifolia Willd., Creeping Hedge-nettle
=S. hispida Pursh
=S. tenuifolia var. aspera (Michx.) Fern.
=S. tenuifolia var. hispida (Pursh) Fern.
=S. tenuifolia var. platyphylla Fern.
Stachys tenuifolia var. aspera (Michx.) Fern. = Stachys hyssopifolia Michx.
STAPHYLEA L. (Staphyleaceae)
S. trifolia L., Bladdernut Image 2 3
Steironema ciliatum (L.) Raf., not Baudo = Lysimachia ciliata L.
Steironema hybridum (Michx.) Raf. = Lysimachia hybrida Michx.
Steironema lanceolatum (Walt.) Gray = Lysimachia lanceolata Walt. (excluded by Zander & Pierce 1979)
Steironema quadriflorum (Sims) Hitchc. = Lysimachia quadriflora Sims
STELLARIA L. (Caryophyllaceae)
Stellaria aquatica (L.) Scop. = Myosoton aquaticum (L.) Moench
Stellaria biflora Pursh = Moehringia lateriflora (L.) Fenzl
S. borealis Bigel., Northern Stichwort or Starwort
=S. borealis var. floribunda Fern.
=S. borealis var. isophylla Fern.
=S. calycantha of NY reports, not (Ledeb.) Bong.
Stellaria calycantha of NY reports, not (Ledeb.) Bong. = Stellaria borealis Bigel.
* S. graminea L., Lesser Stichwort
=S. graminifolia Salisb.
=S. montana Raf.
Stellaria graminifolia Salisb. = Stellaria graminea L.
S. longifolia Muhl. ex Willd., Long-leaved Stichwort
=S. longipes var. laeta (Richardson) S. Wats.
=S. tenella Raf.
Stellaria longipes var. laeta (Richardson) S. Wats. = Stellaria longifolia Muhl. ex Willd.
* S. media (L.) Vill., Common Chickweed
=S. neglecta Weihe ex Bluff & Fingerhut
Stellaria montana Raf. = Stellaria graminea L.
Stellaria neglecta Weihe ex Bluff & Fingerhut = Stellaria media (L.) Vill.
Stellaria tenella Raf. = Stellaria longifolia Muhl. ex Willd.
STREPTOPUS Michx. (Liliaceae)
S. amplexifolius (L.) DC.
var. americanus Schultes, Clasping-leaved Twisted-stalk, White Mandarin, Liverberry
S. roseus Michx. (Liliaceae) Twisted-stalk, Rose Mandarin
=S. roseus var. curvipes (Vail) Fassett
=S. roseus var. perspectus Fassett
Strophocaulos arvensis (L.) Small = Convolvulus arvensis L.
STROPHOSTYLES Ell. (Fabaceae)
Strophostyles angulosa (Ort.) Ell. = Strophostyles helvula (L.) Ell.
S. helvula (L.) Ell., Trailing Wild Bean
=S. angulosa (Ort.) Ell.
=S. helvola of authors
Struthiopteris germanica Willd. = Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro
SUCCISELLA G. Beck (Dipsacaceae)
* S. inflexa (Kluk) Beck, Devil's-bit NEW
=Scabiosa australis Wulf.
=Succisa australis (Wulf.) Reichenb.
Succisa australis (Wulf.) Reichenb. = Succisella inflexa (Kluk) Beck
Svida alternifolia (L.f.) Small = Cornus alternifolia L.f.
Swertia caroliniensis (Walt.) Kuntze = Frasera caroliniensis Walt.
SYMPHORICARPOS Duham. (Caprifoliaceae)
S. albus (L.) Blake, Snowberry Image 2
var. albus
=S. racemosus var. paucifloris Robbins
=S. racemosus Michx.
var. laevigatus (Fern.) Blake, Garden Snowberry
* S. orbiculatus Moench, Coralberry, Indian-currant
=S. vulgaris Michx.
Symphoricarpos racemosus var. paucifloris Robbins = Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake var. albus
Symphoricarpos racemosus Michx. = Symphoricarpos albus var. albus (L.) Blake
Symphoricarpos vulgaris Michx. = Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench
Symphyotrichum boreale (Torr. & A. Gray) A. & D. Löve = Aster borealis (Torr. & A. Gray) Prov.
Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (L.) A. & D. Löve = Aster lateriflorus (L.) Britt. var. lateriflorus
Symphyotrichum puniceum (L.) A. & D. Löve = Aster puniceus L. var. puniceus
SYMPHYTUM L. (Boraginaceae)
* S. asperum Lepechin, Rough Comfrey, Prickly Comfrey
* S. officinale L., Common Comfrey
=S. officinale ssp. uliginosum (Kern.) Numan
=S. uliginosum Kern.
SYMPLOCARPUS Salisb. ex Nutt. (Araceae)
S. foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt., Skunk Cabbage, Devil's Tobacco (Tabac du diable) Image 2 3
=Dracontium foetidum L.
=Spathyema foetida (L.) Raf.
Syndesmon thalictroides (L.) Hoffm. = Thalictrum thalictroides (L.) Eames & Boivin
Syntherisma ishaemum (Schreb. ex Schweig.) Nash = Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb. ex Schweig.) Schreb. ex Muhl.
Syntherisma sanguinalis (L.) Dulac = Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.
SYRINGA L. (Oleaceae)
* S. vulgaris L., Lilac, Purple Lilac, White Lilac NEW
TAENIDIA (Torr. & A. Gray) Drude (Apiaceae)
T. integerrima (L.) Drude, Yellow Pimpernel
=Zizia integerrima DC.
Tagetes papposa Vent. = Dyssodia papposa (Vent.) Hitchc.
TANACETUM L. (Asteraceae)
Tanacetum balsamita L. = Balsamita major Desf.
* T. parthenium (L.) Schultz, Feverfew
=Chrysanthemum parthenium (L.) Bernh.
=Leucodon parthenium Godron. of Gray's Manual, 5th ed. 1867 p. 266
=Matricaria parthenium L. according to House 1924 p. 735
* T. vulgare L., Common Tansy, Golden-buttons
=Chrysanthemum vulgare (L.) Bernh.
=Tanacetum vulgare var. crispum DC.
TARAXACUM Weber ex Wiggers (Asteraceae)
Taraxacum dens-leonis Desf. = Taraxacum officinale Weber ex Wiggers
Taraxacum erythrospermum Andrz. ex Besser = Taraxacum laevigatum (Willd.) DC.
* T. laevigatum (Wild.) DC., Red-seeded Dandelion
=Leontodon laevigatus Willd.
=T. erythrospermum Andrz. ex Besser
* T. officinale Weber ex Wiggers, Common Dandelion Image 2
=Leontodon taraxacum L.
=Taraxacum dens-leonis Desf.
=T. officinale ssp. vulgare (Lam.) Schinz & Keller
TAXODIUM Rich. (Taxodiaceae)
* T. distichum (L.) Rich., Bald Cypress NEW
TAXUS L. (Taxaceae)
Taxus baccata var. canadensis (Marsh.) Gray = Taxus canadensis Marsh.
T. canadensis Marsh., Ground Hemlock, American Yew
=T. baccata var. canadensis (Marsh.) A. Gray
TEUCRIUM L. (Lamiaceae)
T. canadense L., Hairy Germander
var. boreale (Bickn.) Shinners, Northern Germander
=T. occidentale Gray
=T. canadense var. occidentale (Gray) McClint. & Eping
var. canadense, Seaside Germander
=T. canadense var. littorale (Bickn.) Fern.
=T. canadense var. virginicum (L.) Eaton
=T. littorale Bickn.
Thalesia uniflora (L.) Britt. = Orobanche uniflora L.
THALICTRUM L. (Ranunculaceae)
Thalictrum anemonoides Michx. = Thalictrum thalictroides (L.) Eames & Boivin
Thalictrum canadense of NY reports, not Mill. = Thalictrum pubescens Pursh
Thalictrum cornutii (of authors) = Thalictrum pubescens Pursh
T. dasycarpum Fisch. & Ave-Lall., Purple Meadow-rue
=T. purpurascens Pursh
T. dioicum L., Early Meadow-rue Image 2
T. pubescens Pursh, Late Meadow-rue Image 2 3
=T. canadense of NY reports, not Mill.
=T. cornutii (of authors)
=T. polygamum Muhl.
Thalictrum purpurascens Pursh = Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch. & Ave-Lall.
T. revolutum DC., Waxy Meadow-rue
=T. canadensis Mill. var. hebecarpum (Fern.) House
=T. dasycarpum of some early NY reports, not Fisch. & Ave-Lall.
=T. purpurascens of early NY reports, not Pursh.
T. thalictroides (L.) Eames & Boivin, Rue Anemone, Woods-potato
=Anemone thalictroides L.
=Anemonella thalictroides (L.) Spach
=Syndesmon thalictroides (L.) Hoffm.
=Thalictrum anemonoides Michx.
THASPIUM Nutt. (Apiaceae)
Thaspium aureum (of authors) = Thaspium trifoliatum (L.) Gray var. flavum Blake
Thaspium aureum Nutt.: see discussion under Thaspium trifolium var. aureum.
T. barbinode (Michx) Nutt., Hairy-jointed Meadow Parsnip
T. trifoliatum (L.) Gray, Purple Meadow Parsnip
var. aureum (L.) Britt.
Note there seems to be some confusion as to the application of Thaspium aureum Nutt. to either T. trifoliatum (L.) A. Gray var. aureum (L.) Britt. and/or to Zizia aurea (L.) Koch in the Ontario flora. Following House (1924) , Thaspium aureum Nutt., l.c., is only a synonym of Thaspium trifoliatum, s.l., not of Zizia aurea. Thaspium trifoliatum var. trifoliatum (a southern plant) is not known for (never occurred in) New York State nor Ontario, but the variety aureum (L.) Britt. is reported for both areas. It is considered extirpated in New York State (Mitchell & Tucker 1997) and hence, probably extirpated from the Niagara Frontier region.
Thaspium trifoliatum (L.) A. Gray var. apterum A. Gray = Zizia aptera (A. Gray) Fern.
THELYPTERIS Schmid. (Thelypteridaceae)
Thelypteris clintoniana (D. C. Eaton ex Gray) House = Dryopteris clintoniana (D. C. Eaton ex Gray) Dowell
Thelypteris cristata (L.) Nieuwl. = Dryopteris cristata (L.) Gray
Thelypteris cristata var. clintoniana (D.C. Eat.) Weatherby = Dryopteris clintoniana (D.C. Eat. ex Gray) Dowell
Thelypteris cristata var. clintoniana x T. spinulosa var. intermedia of Zenkert (1934) = [Dryopteris clintoniana x intermedia = D. x dowellii (Farw.) Wherry]
Thelypteris dilatata (Hoffm.) House = Dryopteris campyloptera (Kunze) Clarkson
Thelypteris dilatata var. americana (Fisch.) House = Dryopteris campyloptera (Kunze) Clarkson
Thelypteris dryopteris (L.) Slosson = Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newm.
Thelypteris goldiana (Hook.) Nieuwl. = Dryopteris goldiana (Hook. ex Goldie) Nieuwl.
Thelypteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) Weath. = Phegopteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) Fée
Thelypteris intermedia (Muhl. ex Willd.) House = Dryopteris intermedia (Muhl. ex Willd.) Gray
Thelypteris marginalis (L.) Nieuwl. = Dryopteris marginalis (L.) Gray
T. noveboracensis (L.) Nieuwl., New York Fern
=Dryopteris noveboracensis (L.) A. Gray
=Aspidium noveboracense (L.) Sw.
T. palustris Schott, Marsh Fern
=Acrostichum thelypteris L.
=Dryopteris thelypteris (L.) Sw., not A. Gray
=Aspidium thelypteris (L.) Sw.
=Thelypteris palustris var. pubescens (Lawson) var. pubescens (Lawson) Fern.
Thelypteris phegopteris (L.) Slosson = Phegopteris connectilis (Michx.) Watt
Thelypteris spinulosa (O.F. Muell.) Nieuwl. = Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) Fuchs
Thelypteris spinulosa var. intermedia (Muhl.) Weatherby = Dryopteris intermedia (Muhl. ex Willd.) Gray
Thesium umbellatum L. = Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt.
THLASPI L. (Brassicaceae)
* T. arvense L., Field Penny-cress, Fanweed, French-weed, Mithridate Mustard
Thlaspi bursa-pastoris L. = Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.
Thlaspi campestre L. = Lepidium campestre (L.) R. Br. ex Ait.
THUJA L. (Cupressaceae)
T. occidentalis L., Arbor Vitae, Northern White Cedar Image 2 3 4
THYMUS L. (Lamiaceae)
* T. pulegioides L., Creeping Thyme, Mother-of-thyme, Lemon-thyme
=T. serpyllum of American authors, not L.
Thymus serpyllum of American authors, not L. = Thymus pulegioides L.
TIARELLA L. (Saxifragaceae)
T. cordifolia L., Foam-flower, False Miterwort
TILIA L. (Tiliaceae)
T. americana L., Basswood, American Linden, Whitewood Image 2
var. americana
=T. americana var. neglecta (Spach) Fosberg.
=T. glabra Vent.
=T. neglecta Spach
var. heterophylla (Vent.) Loud., White Basswood
=T. heterophylla Vent.
=T. heterophylla var. michauxii (Nutt.) Sarg.
=T. michauxii Nutt.
*T. cordata Mill., Small-leaved Linden, European Linden, Heart-leaf Linden NEW NEW
=T. europaea L. in part
=T. parviflora Ehrh.
=T. ulmifolia Scop.
Tilia europaea L. in part = Tilia cordata Mill.
Tilia glabra Vent. = Tilia americana L. var. americana
Tilia heterophylla Vent. = Tilia americana var. heterophylla (Vent.) Loud.
Tilia heterophylla var. michauxii (Nutt.) Sarg. = Tilia americana var. heterophylla (Vent.) Loud.
Tilia michauxii Nutt. = Tilia americana var. heterophylla (Vent.) Loud.
Tilia neglecta Spach = Tilia americana L. var. americana
Tilia parviflora Ehrh. = Tilia cordata Mill.
Tilia ulmifolia Scop. = Tilia cordata Mill.
Tissa marina (L.) Britt. = Spergularia salina J. & C. Presl
TOFIELDIA Huds. (Liliaceae)
T. glutinosa (Michx.) Pers., False Asphodel
=T. racemosa of NY reports, not (Walt.) BSP.
Tofieldia racemosa of NY reports, not (Walt.) BSP. = Tofieldia glutinosa (Michx.) Pers.
TORILIS Adans. (Apiaceae)
Torilis anthriscus (L.) Gmel. = Torilis japonica (Houtt) DC.
* T. japonica (Houtt) DC., Hedge Parsley
=T. anthriscus (L.) Gmel.
=T. arvensis of authors, not (Huds.) Link
=T. nodosa of reports, not (L.) Gaertn.
TORREYOCHLOA Church (Poaceae)
T. pallida (Torr.) Church, Pale Mannagrass
var. pallida
=Puccinellia pallida (Torr.) Clausen in part
=Glyceria pallida (Torr.) Trin.
var. fernaldii (Hitchc.) Church NEW
=Glyceria fernaldii (Hitchc.) St. John
=Panicularia fernaldii (Hitchc.) House
=Puccinellia pallida (Torr.) Clausen in part
Tovara virginiana (L.) Raf. = Polygonum virginianum L.
TOXICODENDRON Mill. (Anacardiaceae)
T. radicans (L.) Kuntze, Poison Ivy, Climbing Poison Ivy Image 2 3
ssp. radicans
=Rhus radicans L.
=Rhus toxicodendron of NY reports, not L.
T. rydbergii (Small ex Rydb.) Greene, Giant Poison Ivy, Poison Oak, Creeping Poison Ivy NEW
=R. radicans var. rydbergii (Small ex Rydb.) Rehd.
=R. radicans var. vulgaris (Michx.) DC. in part
T. vernix (L.) Kuntze, Poison Sumac Image 2
=Rhus venenata DC.
=Rhus vernix L.
Toxylon pomiferum Raf. ex Sarg. = Maclura pomifera (Raf. ex Sarg.) Schneid.
Tracaulon arifolium (L.) Small = Polygonum arifolium L.
Tracaulon sagittatum (L.) Small = Polygonum sagittatum L.
TRADESCANTIA L. (Commelinaceae)
T. virginiana L., Spiderword, Widow's Tears NEW
TRAGOPOGON L. (Asteraceae)
* T. dubius Scop., Goat's Beard NEW
=T. dubius var. major (Jacq.) Voll.
=T. major Jacq.
Tragopogon major Jacq. = Tragopogon dubius Scop.
* T. porrifolius L., Salsify, Oyster-plant, Vegetable-oyster
* T. porrifolius x pratensis, Goat's-beard NEW
* T. pratensis L., YELLOW Goat's-beard Image 2
TRIADENUM Raf. (Clusiaceae)
T. fraseri (Spach) Gleason, Marsh St. John's Work, Pink-flowered St. John's-wort NEW
=Hypericum virginicum var. fraseri (Spach) Fern.
T. virginicum (L.) Raf., Marsh St. John's-wort, Pink-flowered St. John's-wort
=Hypericum virginicum L.
[Trichomanes intricata Farrar; "... known in NY by its minute gametophyte generation only," Mitchell and Tucker (1997). (As Trichomanes sp. "gametophytes only)" a post-1980 specimen exists for Cattaraugus Co. (NYFA
1990).]
TRICHOSTEMA L. (Lamiaceae)
T. brachiatum L., False Pennyroyal
=Isanthus brachiatus (L.) BSP.
=I. coeruleus Michx.
Triclinium odoratum Raf. = Sanicula odorata (Raf.) Pryer & Phillippe
Tricuspis flava (L.) Hubbard = Triodia flava (L.) Smyth
Tricuspis purpurea (Walt.) Gray = Triplasis purpurea (Walt.) Chapm.
Tricuspis seslerioides Torrey = Tridens flavus (L.) Hitchc.
TRIDENS R. & S. (Poaceae)
T. flavus (L.) Hitchc., Tall Redtop
=Triodea flava (L.) Smyth
=Tricuspis flava (L.) Hubbard
=T. seslerioides Torrey of Gray's Manual ed 5
TRIENTALIS L. (Primulaceae)
Trientalis americana Pursh = Trientalis borealis Raf.
T. borealis Raf., Starflower, Chickweed, Wintergreen Star-of-Seven Image 2
=T. americana Pursh
=T. borealis var. tenuifolia House
=T. europea of American authors, not L.
=T. latifolia of NY reports, not Hooker
Trientalis europea of American authors, not L. = Trientalis borealis Raf.
Trientalis latifolia of NY reports, not Hooker = Trientalis borealis Raf.
TRIFOLIUM L. (Fabaceae)
Trifolium agrarium L., a nomen ambiguum = Trifolium aureum Pollich
* T. arvense L., Rabbit-foot Clover, Old Field or Stone-clover
* T. aureum Pollich, Yellow Hop Clover
=Trifolium agrarium L., a nomen ambiguum
* T. campestre Schreber, Hop-Clover, Low Hop-Clover, Shamrock, Cow-Clover NEW
=T. procumbens L. of some authors, a nomen ambiguum (Mitchell & Tucker 1997).
* T. dubium Sibth., Little Hop Clover, Least Hop Clover
=T. minus Sm.
=T. procumbens L., of some authors, a nomen ambiguum
* T. hybridum L., Alsike Clover
=T. hybridum var. elegans (Savi) Boiss.
=T. reflexum of some NY reports, not L. (1997).
Trifolium hybridum var. elegans (Savi) Boiss. = Trifolium hybridum L.
* T. incarnatum L., Crimson Clover, Scarlet Clover, Italian Clover
Trifolium meliloti-officinalis of authors, not L. = Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pallas
Trifolium minus Sm. = Trifolium dubium Sibth.
Trifolium officinalis L. = Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pallas
* T. pratense L., Red Clover Image 2
=T. pratense var. sativum (Mitt.) Schreb.
Trifolium procumbens L. of some authors, a nomen ambiguum (Mitchell & Tucker 1997) = Trifolium campestre Schreber.
Trifolium procumbens L., of some authors, a nomen ambiguum (Mitchell & Tucker 1997) = Trifolium dubium Sibth.
T. reflexum L., Buffalo Clover
=T. reflexum var. glabrum Lojac
Trifolium reflexum of some NY reports, not L. = Trifolium hybridum L.
Trifolium reflexum var. glabrum Lojac = Trifolium reflexum L.
* T. repens L., Creeping White Clover, Lawn-clover, Dutch-clover
TRIGLOCHIN L. (Juncaginaceae)
Triglochin elata Nutt. = Triglochin maritimum L.
T. maritimum L., Seaside Arrow-grass
=T. elata Nutt.
=T. maritimum var. elatum (Nutt.) Gray
T. palustre L., Marsh Arrow-grass
=T. palustris of authors
TRILLIUM L. (Liliaceae)
T. cernuum L., Nodding-Trillium
var. cernuum
T. erectum L., Red Trillium, Stinking Benjamin Image 2
=T. erectum var. album (Michx.) Pursh
Trillium erythrocarpum Michx. = Trillium undulatum Willd.
T. flexipes Raf., Nodding Trillium NEW
=T. erectum var. blandum Jenn.
=T. erectum var. declinatum of authors, not A. Gray
=T. gleasonii Fern.
T. grandiflorum (Michx) Salisb., White Trillium, Wakerobin Image 2 3
T. sessile L., Toadshade
T. undulatum Willd., Painted Trillium
=T. erythrocarpum Michx.
TRIODANIS Raf. (Campanulaceae)
T. perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl., Venus' Looking-glass
var. perfoliata
=Specularia perfoliata (L.) A. DC.
Triodia flava (L.) Smyth = Tridens flavus (L.) Hitchc.
Trionum trionum (L.) Wooten & Standl. = Hibiscus trionum L.
TRIOSTEUM L. (Caprifoliaceae)
T. aurantiacum Bickn., Orange Horse-gentian, Wild Coffee Image 2
=T. perfoliatum var. aurantiacum (Bickn.) Wieg.
=T. perfoliatum var. glaucescens (Wieg.) Wieg.
Triosteum aurantiacum var. glaucescens (Wieg.) Wieg. = Triosteum aurantiacum Bickn.
T. perfoliatum L., Horse-gentian, Tinker's Weed, Wild Coffee, Feverwort
Triosteum perfoliatum var. aurantiacum (Bickn.) Wieg. = Triosteum aurantiacum Bickn.
Triosteum perfoliatum var. glaucescens (Wieg.) Wieg. = Triosteum aurantiacum Bickn.
TRIPHORA Nutt. (Orchidaceae)
T. trianthophora (Sw.) Rydb., Three-birds Orchid, Nodding Pogonia NEW
=Pogonia trianthophora (Sw.) BSP.
TRIPLASIS Beauv. (Poaceae)
T. purpurea (Walt.) Chapm., Purple Sand-grass
=Tricuspis purpurea (Walt.) Gray
Tripleurospermum maritimum ssp. inodorum (L.) Hyl. = Matricaria perforata Merat
TRIPSACUM L. (Poaceae)
T. dactyloides (L.) L., Gamma Grass NEW
Trisetum pensylvanicum (L.) Beauv. ex R. & S. = Sphenopholis pensylvanica (L.) Hitchc.
TRITICUM L. (Poaceae)
* T. aestivum L., Wheat NEW
Triticum caninum L. = Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners ssp. subsecundus (Link) Barkworth & D. Dewey
Triticum repens L. = Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski
Triticum repens L. var. nemorale Anderss. = Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski
TROLLIUS L. (Ranunculaceae)
T. laxus Salisb., American Globe-flower, Spreading Globeflower
TSUGA Carrière (Pinaceae)
T. canadensis (L.) Carr., Eastern Hemlock Image 2
=Abies canadensis Michx.
Tulotis herbiola (R. Br.) Raf. = Platanthera flava (L.) Lindl. var. herbiola (R. Br.) Luer
Turritis glabra L. = Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh.
Turritis stricta Graham, not Arabis stricta Huds. according to House, 1924 p.365 = Arabis. drummondii A. Gray
TUSSILAGO L. (Asteraceae)
* T. farfara L., Coltsfoot Image 2
Tussilago frigisa L., sec. Morton & Venn (1990), s.l. = Petasites frigidus var. palmatus (Ait.) Cronq.
TYPHA L. (Typhaceae)
T. angustifolia L., Narrow-leaved Cat-tail
T. latifolia L., Broad-leaf Cattail
ULMUS L. (Ulmceae)
U. americana L., American Elm, White Elm
Ulmus campestris L. of authors in part = Ulmus minor Mill.
Ulmus fulva Michx. = Ulmus rubra Muhl.
* U. minor Mill., English Elm
=U. campestris L. of authors in part
=U. procera Salisb.
=U. scabra Mill.
Ulmus procera Salisb. = Ulmus minor Mill.
* U. pumila L., Siberiam Elm, Dwarf Elm
Ulmus racemosa (of authors) = Ulmus thomasii Sarg.
U. rubra Muhl., Slippery Elm, Red Elm
=U. fulva Michx.
Ulmus scabra Mill. = Ulmus minor Mill.
U. thomasii Sarg., Rock Elm
=Ulmus racemosa (of authors)
Unifolium canadense (Desf.) Greene = Maianthemum canadense Desf.
Unifolium canadense (Desf.) Greene var. interior (Fern.) House = Maianthemum canadense Desf.
URTICA L. (Urticaceae)
Urtica canadensis L. = Laportea canadensis (L.) Wedd.
U. dioica L., Stinging Nettle, Great Nettle Image 2
* ssp. dioica
ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Selander
=U. dioica var. gracilis (Ait.) Taylor & McBr.
=U. dioica var. procera (Muhl.) Wedd.
=U. gracilis Ait.
=U. procera Muhl.
Urtica dioica var. gracilis (Ait.) Taylor & McBr. = Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Selander
Urtica divaricata L. = Laportea canadensis (L.) Wedd.
Urtica gracilis Ait. = Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Selander
Urtica procera Muhl. ex Willd. = Urtica dioica ssp. gracilis (Ait.) Selander
* U. urens L., Burning Nettle, Dog Nettle NEW
Urticastrum divaricatum (L.) Kuntze = Laportea canadensis (L.) Wedd.
UTRICULARIA L. (Lentibulariaceae)
Utricularia clandestina Nutt. ex A. Gray = Utricularia geminiscapa Benj.
U. cornuta Michx., Horned Bladderwort
U. geminiscapa Benj., Hidden-fruited Bladderwort
=U. clandestina Nutt. ex A. Gray
U. intermedia Hayne, Flat-leaved Bladderwort, Milfoil Bladderwort
U. macrorhiza LeConte, Great Bladderwort
=U. vulgaris of American authors, not L.
=U. vulgaris var. americana Gray
U. minor L., Lesser Bladderwort
Utricularia vulgaris of American authors, not L. = Utricularia macrorhiza LeConte
UVULARIA L. (Liliaceae)
U. grandiflora Sm., Large-Flowered Bellwort
U. perfoliata L., Perfoliate Bellwort, Strawbell
U. sessilifolia L., Sessile-leaved Bellwort, Wild-oats, Little Merrybells
VACCARIA Medik. (Caryophyllaceae)
* V. hispanica (Mill.) Raush., Cow-herb, Cockle
=Saponaria hispanica Mill.
=S. vaccaria L.
=V. pyramidata Medik.
=V. segetalis (Neck.) Garcke ex Aschers.
=V. vaccaria (L.) Britt.
=V. vulgaris Host
Vaccaria pyramidata Medik. = Vaccaria hispanica (Mill.) Raush.
Vaccaria segetalis (Neck.) Garcke ex Aschers. = Vaccaria hispanica (Mill.) Raush.
Vaccaria vaccaria (L.) Britt. = Vaccaria hispanica (Mill.) Raush.
Vaccaria vulgaris Host = Vaccaria hispanica (Mill.) Raush.
VACCINIUM L. (Ericaceae)
V. angustifolium Ait., Lowbush Blueberry, Sweet-hurts
=V. angustifolium var. hypolasium Fern.
=V. angustifolium var. laevifolia House
=V. angustifolium var. nigrum (Wood) Dole
=V. brittonii Porter ex Bickn.
=V. lamarckii Camp
=V. nigrum (Wood) Britt.
=V. pensilvanicum Lam.
Vaccinium angustifolium Ait. in part. = Vaccinium boreale Hall & Hald.
V. boreale Hall & Hald., High-mountain Blueberry NEW
=V. angustifolium Ait. in part.
Pre-1980 specimens exist for Genesee Co. (NYFA 1990).
Vaccinium angustifolium var. myrtilloides (Michx.) House = Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx.
Vaccinium atrococcum (A. Gray) Heller = Vaccinium corymbosum L.
Vaccinium brittonii Porter ex Bickn. = Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.
Vaccinium caesariense Mackz. = Vaccinium corymbosum L.
Vaccinium canadensis Kalm = Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx.
V. corymbosum L., Black Highbush Blueberry, Swamp Blueberry, Whortleberry
=V. atrococcum (Gray) Heller
=V. caesariense Mackz.
=V. corymbosum varieties
=V. marianum S. Wats.
Vaccinium dobbinii Burnh. = Vaccinium pallidum Ait.
Vaccinium frondosum L. = Gaylussacia frondosa (L.) Torr. & A. Gray ex Torr.
Vaccinium hispidulum Marsh. = Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.
Vaccinium lamarckii Camp = Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.
V. macrocarpon Ait., Large Cranberry, Cranberry
=Oxycoccus macrocarpus (Ait.) Pursh
=V. hispidulum Marsh.
Vaccinium marianum S. Wats. = Vaccinium corymbosum L.
V. myrtilloides Michx., Velvet-leaf Blueberry Image 2
=V. angustifolium var. myrtilloides (Michx.) House
=V. canadense Kalm ex Richards.
=V. pensylvanicum var. myrtilloides (Michx.) Fern.
Vaccinium neglectum (Small) Fern. = Vaccinium stamineum L.
Vaccinium nigrum (Wood) Britt.= Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.
V. oxycoccos L., Small Cranberry
=V. oxycoccus of authors
=V. oxycoccus var. intermedium A. Gray
=V. oxycoccus var. ovalifolium Michx.
V. pallidum Ait., Blueberry, Sugar Huckleberry, Low Bilberry, Early Sweet Bilberry, Low or Sweet Blueberry
=V. dobbinii Burnh.
=V. vacillans Kalm ex Torr.
=V. vacillans var. crinitum Fern.
Vaccinium pensylvanicum (of authors) = Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.
Vaccinium pensylvanicum var. myrtilloides (Michx.) Fern. = Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx.
Vaccinium pensylvanicum var. nigrum Wood = Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.
V. stamineum L., Deerberry, Squaw-huckleberry
=V. neglectum (Small) Fern.
Vaccinium vacillans Kalm ex Torr. = Vaccinium pallidum Ait.
Vagnera stellata (L.) Morong = Maianthemum stellatum L.
Vagnera trifolia (L.) Morong = Maianthemum trifolium L.
VALERIANA L. (Valerianaceae)
Valeriana dioica (of authors) = Valeriana sitchensis Bong.
* V. officinalis L., Garden Valerian, Garden Heliotrope
V. sitchensis Bong., Swamp or Marsh Valerian
=V. uliginosa (Torr. & A. Gray) Rydb.
=V. sitchensis Bong. ssp. uliginosa (Torr. & A. Gray) Meyer
=V. sylvatica Banks
=V. dioica (of authors)
Valeriana sylvatica Banks = Valeriana sitchensis Bong.
Valeriana uliginosa (Torr. & A. Gray) Rydb. = Valeriana sitchensis Bong.
VALERIANELLA Mill. (Valerianaceae)
V. chenopodifolia (Pursh) DC., Goosefoot Corn-salad
=Fedia fagopyrum Torr. & A. Gray
=Valerianella radiata of NY reports in part, not (L.) Dufr.
* V. locusta (L.) Laterr., European Corn-salad, Lamb's Lettuce Image 2
=Fedia olitoria (L.) Vahl
=Valerianella olitoria (L.) Poll.
Valerianella olitoria (L.) Poll. = Valeriana locusta (L.) Laterr.
Valerianella radiata of NY reports in part, not (L.) Dufr. = Valerianella chenopodifolia (Pursh) DC.
VALLISNERIA L. (Hydrocharitaceae)
V. americana Michx., Eel-grass, Tapegrass, Wild Celery
=V. spiralis (of American authors)
Vallisneria spiralis (of American authors) = Vallisneria americana Michx.
VERATRUM L. (Liliaceae)
V. viride Ait., False Hellebore White Hellebore, Indian-poke, Devil's Tobacco (Tabac du Diable)
VERBASCUM L. (Scrophulariceae)
* V. blattaria L., Moth Mullein Image 2 3
* V. phlomoides L., Clasping-leaved Mullein
* V. thapsus L., Common Mullein, Mule's-ear, Flannel-plant, Devil's Tobacco Image 2
VERBENA L. (Verbenaceae)
Verbena angustifolia Michx. = Verbena simplex Lehm.
* V. bracteata Lag.& Rodr., Large-bracted Vervain, Prostrate Vervian or Verbena
=V. bracteosa Michx.
Verbena bracteosa Michx. = Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rodr.
V. hastata L., Blue Vervain, Blue Verbena, Simpler's-Joy
V. simplex Lehm., Narrow-leaved Vervain, Vervian, Verbena
=V. angustifolia Michx.
* V. stricta Vent., Hoary Vervain, Hoary Vervian
V. urticifolia L., White Vervain
var. leiocarpa Perry & Fern. NEW
var. urticifolia
VERBESINA L. (Asteraceae)
V. alternifolia (L.) Britt., Wingstem NEW
=Actinomeris alternifolia (L.) DC.
=Coreopsis alternifolius L.
VERNONIA Schreb. (Asteraceae)
Vernonia altissima Nutt. = Vernonia gigantea (Walt.) Trel ex Brann. & Cov.
V. gigantea (Walt.) Trel. ex Brann. & Cov., Tall or Giant Ironweed
=V. altissima Nutt.
V. noveboracensis (L.) Michx., New York Ironweed
VERONICA L. (Scrophulariaceae)
* V. agrestis L., Field Speedwell
V. americana (Raf.) Schwein. ex Benth., American Brooklime, American Speedwell
Veronica anagallis L. = Veronica anagallis-aquatica L.
(* ?) V. anagallis-aquatica L., Water-Speedwell, Brook or Water Pimpernell
=V. anagallis L.
=V. brittonii Porter ex Pennel
=V. catenata Pennell
=V. comosa Richter
=V. connata of authors, not Raf.
=V. cymbalaria of NY reports, not Bodard
=V. salina of authors, not Shur
* V. arvensis L., Corn Speedwell
Veronica brittonii Porter ex Pennel = Veronica anagallis-aquatica L.
Veronica catenata Pennell = Veronica anagallis-aquatica L.
* V. chamaedrys L., Bird's-eye Speedwell Image 2
Veronica comosa Richter = Veronica anagallis-aquatica L.
Veronica cymbalaria of NY reports, not Bodard = V. anagallis-aquatica L.
* V. filiformis Sm., Slender Speedwell, Bird's Eye
* V. hederifolia L., Ivy-leaf Speedwell NEW
* V. longifolia L., Long-leaved Speedwell
=V. maritima L.
Veronica maritima L. = Veronica longifolia L.
* V. officinalis L., Common Speedwell, Gypsy-weed
V. peregrina L., Purslane-speedwell, Neckweed
ssp. peregrina
ssp. xalapensis (Kunth) St. John & Warren NEW
=V. xalapensis Kunth
=V. peregrina var. xalapensis (Kunth) St. John & Warren
* V. persica Poir., Persian Speedwell, Bird's-eye Speedwell
=V. tournefortii (of authors)
=V. buxbaumii Ten., not of F. W. Schmidt
Veronica salina (of authors), not Shur = Veronica anagallis-aquatica L.
V. scutellata L., Marsh Speedwell NEW
=V. scutellata var. villosa Schum.
* V. serpyllifolia L., Thyme-leaved Speedwell
* ssp. humifusa (Dicks. ex With.) Syme NEW
=V. humifusa Dickson ex With. [M&V]
=V. serpyllifolia var. humifusa (Dicks. ex With.) Vahl
=V. tenella All.
* ssp. serpyllifolia
V. spicata L., Speedwell
Veronica tournefortii (of authors) = Veronica persica Poir.
Veronica virginica L. = Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw.
Veronica xalapensis Kunth = Veronica peregrina L. ssp. xalapensis (Kunth) Pennell
VERONICASTRUM Heister ex Fabr. (Scrophulariaceae)
V. virginium (L.) Farw., Culver's-root
=Veronica virginica L.
VIBURNUM L. (Caprifoliaceae)
V. acerifolium L., Maple-leaved Viburnum, Arrowwood, Dockmackie, Purple-leaf Viburnum Image 2
Viburnum affine Bush = Viburnum rafinesquianum Schultes
Viburnum affine var. hypomalacum Blake = Viburnum rafinesquianum Schultes
Viburnum alnifolium Marsh. = Viburnum lantanoides Michx.
Viburnum cassinoides L. = Viburnum nudum var. cassinoides (L.) Torr. & A. Gray
V. dentatum L., Arrow-wood
var. lucidum Ait.
=V. recognitum Fern.
Viburnum eradiatum (Oakes) House = Viburnum opulus L. var. americanum Ait.
* V. lantana L., Wayfaring Tree, Twistwood, Lantata
V. lantanoides Michx., Hobblebush, Witch-hobble, Moosewood, Tanglewood
=V. alnifolium Marsh.
V. lentago L., Nannyberry, Sheepberry, Sweetberry, Black Haw, Cowberry, Wild Raisin, Wild Tea.
=V. lentago var. sphaerocarpum A. Gray
V. nudum L., Withe-rod, Possom-haw, Swamp-haw, Withe-rod, Appalachian Tea, Teaberry, Wild Raisin
var. cassinoides (L.) Torr. & A. Gray
=V. cassinoides L.
=V. nudum as to ON reports, not to L.
var. nudum, Smooth Withe-rod, Possom-haw, Swamp-haw, Smooth Withe-rod
Viburnum nudum as to Ontario reports, not of L. = Viburnum cassinoides L. (Morton & Venn 1990)
V. opulus L., Guelder-Rose, Snowball-tree Image 2 3 4 5 6
var. americanum Ait. Highbush Cranberry, Branberry-bush, Branberry-tree, Grouse-berry, Squawbush, Pimbina
=V. eradiatum (Oakes) House
=V. trilobum Marsh.
* var. opulus, Snowball-tree, Guelder Rose
Viburnum pubescens (of authors) = Viburnum rafinesquianum Schultes
V. rafinesquianum Schultes, Downy Arrow-wood
=V. affine Bush ex Schneider
=V. affine var. hypomalacum Blake
=V. pubescens (of authors)
=V. rafinesquianum var. affine (Bush ex Schneider) House
Viburnum recognitum Fern. = Viburnum dentatum L. var. lucidum Ait.
Viburnum trilobum Marsh. =Viburnum opulus L. var. americanum Ait.
VICIA L. (Fabaceae)
V. americana Muhl. ex Willd., American Vetch, Purple Vetch, Tare
Vicia angustifolia L., not Reich. = Vicia sativa L. ssp. nigra (L.) Ehrh.
V. caroliniana Walt., Carolina Vetch, Wood-vetch
=V. parviflora Michx.
V. cracca L., Cow Vetch, Tufted-vetch, Canada-pea
ssp. cracca
Vicia dasycarpa Tenore = Vicia villosa Roth ssp. varia (Host) Corb.
Vicia parviflora Michx. = Vicia caroliniana Walt.
* V. sativa L., Common Vetch, Spring Vetch, Tare
* ssp. nigra (L.) Ehrh. Narrowleaf Vetch
=V. angustifolia L., not Reich.
=V. sativa var. angustifolia (L.) Ehrh.
* ssp. sativa
=V. sativa var. linearis Lange
* V. tetrasperma (L.) Schreb., Four-seeded Vetch, Lentil-vetch, Sparrow-vetch, Slender Vetch
=V. tenuissima (Bieb.) Schinz & Thell.
=V. tetrasperma var. tenuissima Druce
Vicia tenuissima (Bieb.) Schinz & Thell. = Vicia tetrasperma (L.) Schreb.
* V. villosa Roth, Hairy Vetch, Wooly-pod Vetch
* ssp. varia (Host) Corb.
=V. dasycarpa Tenore
* ssp. villosa
Vilfa vaginiflora Torr. ex Gray = Sporobolus vaginiflorus (Torr. ex Gray) Wood
VINCA L. (Apocynaceae)
* V. minor L., Periwinkle, Running Myrtle, Lesser Periwinkle
Vincetoxicum album (Mill.) Aschers. = Cynanchum vincetoxicum (L.) Pers.
Vincetoxicum hirundinaria Medik. = Cynanchum vincetoxicum
Vincetoxicum nigrum (L.) Moench = Cynanchum nigrum (L.) Pers.
Vincetoxicum rossicum (Kleopov) Barb. = Cynanchum rossicum (Kleop.) Borh.
VIOLA L. (Violaceae)
V. adunca Sm., Western Dogfoot Violet, Hookspur Violet, Labrador Violet NEW
=V. adunca var. minor (Hooker) Fern.
=V. huronensis Greene
=V. labradorica Schrank
=V. subvestita Greene
Viola x abundans House = Viola sagittata Ait.
V. affinis LeConte, LeConte's Violet
=V. latiuscula Greene
=V. sororia L. of authors in part
V. affinis x palmata = V. slavinii House, Violet NEW
=V. davisii House
=V. x discors House
V. affinis x sagittata = V. x dissena House, Violet NEW
=V. x hollickii House
* V. arvensis Murr., European Field Pansy, Wild Pansy
V. blanda Willd., Sweet White Violet
=V. blanda var. palustriformis A. Gray
=V. incognita Brainerd
=V. incognita var. forbesii Brainerd
=V. macloskeyi of authors in part, not Lloyd
Viola blanda of authors, not Willd. = Viola macloskeyi Lloyd ssp. pallens (Banks ex DC.) M. Baker
Viola brainerdii Greene = Viola renifolia A. Gray
V. canadensis L., American Dog Violet, Tall White Violet, Canada Violet
=V. canadensis var. corymbosa of NY reports, not Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray
=V. canadensis var. rugulosa (Greene) Hitchc.
=V. rugulosa of NY reports, not Greene
Viola canina var. sylvestris (of authors) = Viola sororia Willd.
V. conspersa Reichenb., American Dog Violet
=V. muhlengergii Torr.
Viola cucullata Ait. = Viola sororia Willd.
Viola davisii House = [V. affinis x palmata = V. slavinii House]
Viola x discors House = [V. affinis x palmata = V. slavinii House]
Viola domestica Pollard = Viola sororia Willd.
Viola emarginata (Nutt.) LeConte = Viola sagittata Ait.
Viola eriocarpa Schwein. = Viola pubescens Ait.
Viola eriocarpa var. leiocarpa Fern.& Wieg. = Viola pubescens Ait.
Viola fimbriatula Sm. = Viola sagittata Ait.
Viola huronensis Greene = Viola adunca Sm.
Viola incognita Brainerd = Viola blanda Willd.
Viola incognita var. forbesii Brainerd = Viola blanda Willd.
Viola kitaibeliana var. rafinesquii (Greene) Fern. = Viola rafinesquii Greene
Viola labradorica Schrank = Viola adunca Sm.
V. lanceolata L., Lance-leaved Violet, Water Violet
=V. lanceolata ssp. vittata of NY report, not (Greene) Weath. & Griscom
Viola latiuscula Greene = Viola affinis LeConte
Viola lewisiana DC. = Viola striata Ait.
Viola lovelliana Brainerd = Viola palmata L.
V. macloskeyi Lloyd., Sweet White Violet
ssp. pallens (Banks ex DC.) M. Baker, Pale Violet
=V. blanda of authors, not Willd.
=V. macloskeyi var. pallens (Banks ex DC.) Hitchc.
=V. pallens (Banks ex DC.) Brainerd
Viola macloskeyi of authors in part, not Lloyd = Viola blanda Willd.
Viola muhlengergii Torr. = Viola conspersa Reichenb.
V. nephrophylla Greene, Northern Bog Violet
Viola obliqua Hill = Viola sororia Willd.
Viola ochroleuca Schwein = Viola striata Ait.
* V. odorata L., English Violet
Viola pallens (Banks) Brainerd = Viola macloskeyi Lloyd ssp. pallens (Banks ex DC.) M. Baker
V. palmata L., Palmate Blue Violet, Early Blue Violet, Wood Violet, Wild Okra
=V. lovelliana Brainerd, see Zander & Pierce, 1979, p. 4.
=V. palmata var. triloba (Schwein.) Gingerns ex DC.
=V. triloba Schwein.
Viola papilionacea Pursh = Viola sororia Willd.
Viola pectinata Bickn. = Viola palmata L.
V. pedata L., Bird's-foot Violet, Pansy Violet, Johnny-jump-up NEW Image 2
=V. pedata var. lineariloba DC.
Viola pensylvanica Michx. = Viola pubescens Ait.
Viola pensylvanica var. leiocarpa (Fern.& Wieg.) Fern. = Viola pubescens Ait.
Viola priceana Pollard = Viola sororia Willd.
V. pubescens Ait., Smooth Yellow Violet
=V. eriocarpa Schwein.
=V. eriocarpa var. leiocarpa Fern.
=V. pensylvanica Michx.
=V. pensylvanica var. leiocarpa (Fern.& Wieg.) Fern.
=V. pubescens var. eriocarpa (Schwein.) Russell
=V. pubescens var. leiocarpa (Fern. & Wieg.) Seym.
=V. pubescens var. peckii House
(* ?) V. rafinesquii Greene, American Field Pansy, Field Pansy
=V. kitaibeliana var. rafinesquii (Greene) Fern.
=V. tenella Muhl.
V. renifolia A. Gray, Kidney-leaved Violet, Northern White Violet
=V. brainerdii Greene
=V. renifolia var. brainerdii (Greene) Fern.
V. rostrata Pursh, Long-spurred Violet
V. rotundifolia Michx., Round-leaved Yellow Violet, Early Yellow Violet.
V. sagittata Ait., Arrow-leaved Violet, Northern Downy Violet, Fringed Violet
=V. x abundans House
=V. emarginata (Nutt.) LeConte
=V. fimbriatula Sm.
V. sagittata x sororia = V. conjugens Greene, Violet NEW
=V. x aberrans Greene ex Stone
=V. x fernaldii House
=V. x greenei House
=V. x greenmanii House
V. selkirkii Pursh ex Goldie, Great-spurred Violet, Selkirk's Violet
V. septentrionalis Greene, Northern Blue Violet
V. sororia Willd., Wooly Blue Violet
=V. x bissellii House
=V. canina var. sylvestris (of authors)
=V. cucullata Ait.
=V. domestica Pollard
=V. obliqua Hill
=V. papilionacea Pursh
=V. priceana Pollard
=V. sylvestris Lam. of Gray's Manual 1887
Viola sororia L. of authors in part = Viola affinis LeConte
V. striata Ait., Creamy Violet, Pale Violet, Striped Violet, Cream Violet
=V. lewisiana DC.
=V. ochroleuca Schwein
Viola subvestita Greene = Viola adunca Sm.
Viola sylvestris Lam. of Gray's Manual 1887 = Viola sororia Willd.
Viola tenella Muhl. = Viola rafinesquii Greene
Viola triloba Schwein. = Viola palmata L.
Virea autumnalis (L.) S. Gray = Leontodon autumnalis L.
Virea autumnalis var. pratensis (L.) House = Leontodon autumnalis L.
Virea hispida (L.) S. Gray = Leontodon hispidus L.
Virea nudicaulis (L.) House = Leontodon taraxacoides (Vill.) Merat
Virgulus ericoides (L.) Reveal = Aster ericoides L.
Virgulus novae-angliae (L.) Reveal & Keener = Aster novae-angliae L.
VITIS Adanson (Vitaceae)
V. aestivalis Michx., Summer Grape, Pigeon Grape, Silverleaf Grape
=V. aestivalis var. argentifolia (Munson) Fern.
=V. argentifolia Munson
=Vitis bicolor (of authors)
Vitis argentifolia Munson = Vitis aestivalis Michx.
Vitis bicolor (of authors) = Vitis aestivalis Michx.
Vitis cordifolia (of authors) = Vitis riparia Michx.
V. labrusca L., Fox Grape, Skunk Grape
=V. labrusca var. subedentata Fern.
=V. labruscana Bailey
V. labrusca x riparia = V. x novae-angliae Fern., New England Grape NEW
V. riparia Michx., Frost Grape, Riverbank Grape, Dune Grape
=V. cordifolia (of authors)
=V. riparia var. syrticola (Fern. & Wieg.) Fern.
=V. vulpina of old NY reports, not L.
Vitis vulpina (of authors) = Vitis riparia Michx.
VITTARIA Sm. (Vittariaceae)
V. appalachiana Farrar & Mickel, Appalachian Shoestring Fern, Appalachian Vittaria NEW
VULPIA K. Gmel. (Poaceae)
V. octoflora (Walt.) Rydb., Slender Fescue, Six-weeks-fescue, Six-week's-grass
var. glauca (Nutt.) Fern.
=Festuca octoflora Walt.
=F. tenella Willd.
=Vulpia octoflora var. tenella (Willd.) Fern.
WALDSTEINIA Willd. (Rosaceae)
W. fragarioides (Michx.) Tratt., Barren Strawberry, False Strawberry
=Dalibarda fragarioides Michx.
Warnera canadensis (L.) Mill. = Hydrastis canadensis L.
WOLFFIA Horkel ex Schleid. (Lemnaceae)
Wolffia arrhiza (L.) Wimmer in Macdonald 1990 = Wolffia columbiana Karst.
W. borealis (Engelm.) Landolt, Dotted Watermeal, Watermeal
=L. punctata Griseb.
W. columbiana Karst., Watermeal
=W. arrhiza (L.) Wimmer in Macdonald 1990
WOODWARDIA J. Smith (Blechnaceae)
W. virginica (L.) Sm., Virginia Chain Fern
=Anchistea virginica (L.) C. Presl
=Blechnum virginicum L.
XANTHIUM L. (Asteraceae)
* X. spinosum L., Spiny Cockle-bur
X. strumarium L., Cockle-bur
var. canadense (Mill.) Torr. & A. Gray
=X. echinatum Murr.
=X. italicum Moretti
=X. ovaliforme Wallr.
=X. pensylvanicum Wallr.
=X. speciosum Kearney
=X. varians Greene
Xanthoxylum (orth. var.) = Zanthoxylum L.
XYRIS Gronov. ex L. (Xyridaceae)
Xyris caroliniana of authors, not Walt. = Zyris difformis Chapm.
X. difformis Chapm., Carolina Yellow-eyed Grass, Yellow-eyed Grass
=Xyris caroliniana of authors, not Walt.
YUCCA L. (Agavaceae)
* Y. filamentosa L. Yucca, Adam's-needle, Spanish Bayonette NEW
=Y. flaccida Haw
=Y. smalliana Fern.
Yucca flaccida Haw = Yucca filamentosa L.
Yucca smalliana Fern. = Yucca filamentosa L.
ZANNICHELLIA L. (Zannichelliaceae)
Z. palustris L., Horned Pondweed
=Zannichellia palustris var. major (Boenn.) Koch
ZANTHOXYLUM L. (Rutaceae)
Z. americanum Mill., Prickly-ash, Tooth-ache Tree
ZEA L. (Poaceae)
* Zea mays L., Corn, Sweetcorn, Maize NEW
ZIGADENUS Michx. (Liliaceae)
Z. elegans Pursh, White Camass, Alkali-grass
ssp. glaucus (Nutt.) Hultén
=Z. glaucus (Nutt.) Nutt.
=Z. chloranthus (of authors)
ZIZANIA L. (Poaceae)
Z. aquatica L., Southern Wild Rice, Indian Rice Image 2 3 4
=Z. palustris of early American authors, not L.
Zizania aquatica var. angustifolia Hitchc. = Zizania palustris L.
Zizania aquatica var. interior Fassett = Zizania palustris L.
Z. palustris L., Northern Wild Rice
=Z. aquatica of early American authors, not L.
=Z. aquatica var angustifolia Hitchc.
=Z. aquatica var. interior Fassett
ZIZIA Koch (Apiaceae)
Z. aptera (A. Gray) Fern., Heart-leaved Alexanders, Golden Alexanders
=Thaspium trifoliatum (L.) A. Gray var. apterum A. Gray
=Zizia cordata (Walt.) Koch ex DC.
=Z. cordata var. aptera A. Gray
Z. aurea (L.) Koch, Golden Alexanders
= Thaspium aureum Nutt., according to Morton
and Venn (1990), see discussion under Thaspium trifoliatum var. aureum.
Zizia cordata (Walt.) Koch ex DC. = Zizia aptera (Gray) Fern.
Zizia integerrima DC.. = Taenidia integerrima (L.) Drude
Zosterella see Heteranthera
Zosterella dubia (Jacq.) Small = Heteranthera dubia (Jacq.) MacM.
Zygadenus orth. var. Zigadenus
<script
type="text/javascript">
var
gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ?
"https://ssl." : "http://www.");
document.write(unescape("%3Cscript
src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js'
type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
</script>
<script
type="text/javascript">
try
{
var
pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-3783322-4");
pageTracker._trackPageview();
}
catch(err) {}</script>
