MADCAPHORSE
A Revised Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Niagara Frontier Region
Flora of the Niagara Frontier Region, Third Supplement
by Patricia M. Eckel
CATALOGUE L - P
L
- P
Lacinaria aspera (Michx.) Greene = Liatris aspera Michx.
Lacinaria cylindrica (Michx.) Kuntze = Liatris cylindracea Michx.
Lacinaria pycnostachya (Michx.) Kuntze. = Liatris pycnostachya Michx.
Lacinaria spicata (L.) Kuntze = Liatris spicata (L.) Willd.
LACTUCA L. (Asteraceae)
L. biennis (Moench) Fern., Tall Blue Lettuce, Wild Lettuce
=L. leucophaea (Willd.) A. Gray
=L. spicata (of authors), not (Lam.) Kuntze
=Mulgedium leucophaeum (Willd.) DC.
L. canadensis L., Wild Lettuce.
var. canadensis
=L. canadensis var. latifolia Kuntze
=L. elongata Muhl. according to House, 1924 p. 668
Lactuca elongata Muhl. = Lactuca canadensis L.
Lactuca elongata var. sanguinea Torrey & A. Gray = Lactuca hirsuta Muhl. ex Nutt.
L. hirsuta Muhl. ex Nutt., Hairy Wood Lettuce, Downy Lettuce
=L. elongata var. sanguinea Torrey & A. Gray
=L. hursuta var. sanguinea (Bigel.) Fern.
Lactuca leucophaea (Willd.) A. Gray = Lactua biennis (Moench) Fern.
Lactuca pulchella (Pursh) DC. = Lactuca tatarica (L.) Meyer ssp. pulchella (Pursh) Stebbins
* L. sativa L., Entire-leaved Prickly Lettuce, Garden Lettuce
=L. scariola L. in part
=L. scariola L. var. integrata Gren. & Godr.
Lactuca scariola L., in part = Lactuca serriola L.
Lactuca scariola var. integrata Gren.& Godr. = Lactuca sativa L.
* L. serriola L., Prickly Lettuce
=L. scariola L., in part
=L. virosa L.
Lactuca virosa L. = Lactuca serriola L.
Lactuca spicata (of authors) not (Lam.) Kuntze = Lactuca biennis (Moench) Fern.
* L. tatarica (L.) Meyer, Blue Lettuce
var. pulchella (Pursh) Breitung
=L. pulchella (Pursh) DC.
=L. tatarica ssp. pulchella (Pursh) Stebbins
LAMIUM L. (Lamiaceae)
* L. amplexicaule L., Henbit, Dead-nettle
* L. maculatum L., Spotted Dead-nettle
* L. purpureum L., Red or Purple Dead Nettle
var. purpureum
Lampsana communis L. of Gray's Manual, ed 5, 1867 = Lapsana
communis L.
LAPORTEA Gaud. ex Freyc. (Urticaceae)
L. canadensis (L.) Wedd., Wood Nettle, Giant Stinging Nettle
=Urtica canadensis L.
=U. divaricata L.
=Urticastrum divaricatum (L.) Kuntze
LAPPULA Moench (Boraginaceae)
Lappula echinata Gilib. = Lappula squarrosa (Retz.) Dumort.
* L. squarrosa (Retz.) Dumort., European Stickseed
=Echinospermum lappula (L.) Lehm.]
=Lappula echinata Gilib.
=L. lappula (L.) Karst.
Lappula virginiana (L.) Greene = Hackelia virginiana (L.) Johnst.
LAPSANA L. (Asteraceae)
* L. communis L., Nipplewort
=Lampsana communis L. of Gray's Manual, ed 5, 1867.
LARIX Mill. (Pinaceae)
Larix americana Michx. = Larix laricina (DuRoi) K. Koch
L. laricina (DuRoi) K. Koch, Tamarack, American Larch Image 2
=L. americana Michx.
Lasallea ericoides (L.) Semple & Brouillet = Aster ericoides L.
Lasallea novae-angliae (L.) Semple & Brouillet = Aster novae-angliae L.
LATHYRUS L. (Fabaceae)
L. japonicus Willd., Beach Pea
var. maritimus (L.) Kartesz & Gandhi
=L. japonicus var. glaber (Sér.) Fern.
=L. maritimus Bigel.
=L. maritimus var. glaber (Sér.) Eames
=Pisum maritimum L.
Lathyrus maritimus var. glaber (Sér.) Eames = Lathyrus japonicus Willd. var. maritimus (L.) Kartesz & Gandhi
* L. latifolius L., Everlasting Pea, Perennial Pea
Lathyrus maritimus Bigel. = Lathyrus japonicus WIlld. var. maritimus (L.) Kartesz & Gandhi
Lathyrus myrtifolius Muhl. ex Willd. = Lathyrus palustris L.
L. ochroleucus Hook., Cream-colored Vetchling
Lathyrus pilosus Cham. = Lathyrus palustris L.
L. palustris L., Vetchling, Marsh-vetch or -pea
=L. palustris var. linearifolius Sér. ex DC.
=L. palustris var. macranthus (T. White) Fern.
=L. palustris var. myrtifolius (Muhl. ex Willd.) A. Gray
=L. palustris var. pilosus (Cham.) Ledeb.
=L. myrtifolius Muhl. ex Willd.
=L. pilosus Cham.
* L. sylvestris L., Perennial or Everlasting Pea NEW
* L. tuberosus L., Tuberous Vetchling, Earth-nut, Yellow Vetchling, Dutch Mice, Field-pea
LECHEA L. (Cistaceae)
L. intermedia Leggett ex Britt., Large-podded Pinweed
=L. intermedia var. laurentiana Hodgdon
=L. juniperina Bickn.
=L. minor Hooker in part
Lechea juniperina Bickn. = Lechea intermedia Leggett ex Britt.
Lechea major L. = Helianthemum canadense (L.) Michx.
[L. minor L., Thyme-leaved Pinweed, of doubtful occurrence (Zenkert 1934).]
Lechea minor Hooker in part = Lechea intermedia Leggett ex Britt.
L. mucronata Raf., Hairy Pinweed
=L. stricta of NY reports, not Legg. ex Britt.
=L. villosa Ell.
Lechea stricta of NY reports, not Legg. ex Britt. = Lechea mucronata Raf.
Lechea thymifolia Michx. = Lechea minor L.
Lechea villosa Ell. = Lechea mucronata Raf.
Ledum decumbens of early NY reports, not (Ait.) Lodd. = Rhododendron groenlandicum (Oeder) Kron & Judd
Ledum groenlandicum Oeder = Rhododendron groenlandicum (Oeder) Kron & Judd
Ledum latifolium Ait. = Rhododendron groenlandicum (Oeder) Kron & Judd
Ledum palustre ssp. groenlandicum (Oeder) Hultén = Rhododendron groenlandicum (Oeder) Kron & Judd
LEERSIA Sw. (Poaceae)
L. oryzoides (L.) Sw., Rice Cut-grass
=Homalocenchrus oryzoides (L.) Poll.
L. virginica Willd., White Grass
=Homalocenchrus virginicus (Willd.) Britt.
=Leersia virginica var. ovata (Poir.) Fern.
Leersia virginica var. ovata (Poir.) Fern. = Leersia virginica Willd.
Leguminosae = Fabaceae & Caesalpiniaceae
LEMNA L. (Lemnaceae)
L. minor L., Lesser Duckweed
=L. obscura (Austin) Daubs
=L. turionifera Landolt
Lemna obscura (Austin) Daubs = Lemna minor L.
Lemna polyrhiza L. = Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid.
L. trisulca L., Star Duckweed
Lemna turionifera Landolt = Lemna minor L.
LEONTODON L. (Asteraceae)
* L. autumnalis L., Fall Dandelion, Hawkbit
=Apargia autumnale (L.) Hoffm.
=Leontodon autumnalis ssp. pratensis (Link) Arcang
=Virea autumnalis (L.) S. Gray
=V. autumnalis var. pratensis (L.) House
Leontodon hastilis L. = Leontodon hispidus L.
Leontodon hastilis L. var. glabratus (Koch) Bisch. = Leontodon hispidus L.
Leontodon hastilis var. vulgaris Koch = Leontodon hispidus L.
* L. hispidus L., Common Hawkbit
=Apargia hispida (L.) Willd.
=Leontodon hastilis L.
=L. hastilis L. var. glabratus (Koch) Bisch.
=L. hastilis var. vulgaris Koch
=L. hispidus ssp. danubialis (Jacq.) Simonk.
=Virea hispida (L.) S. Gray
Leontodon laevigatus Willd. = Taraxacum laevigatum (Wild.) DC.
Leontodon leysseri (Wallr.) Beck = Leontodon taraxacoides (Vill.) Merat
Leontodon nudicaulis of authors, not L. = Leontodon leysseri (Wallr.) G.Beck.
Leontodon taraxacum L. = Taraxacum officinale Weber ex Wiggers
* L. taraxacoides (Vill.) Merat, Hairy Hawkbit
=Apargia nudicaulis (of authors)
=Leontodon leysseri (Wallr.) Beck
=L. nudicaulis of authors, not L.
=Virea nudicaulis (L.) House
Leontodon taraxacum L. = Taraxacum officinale Weber ex Wiggers
LEONURUS L. (Lamiaceae)
* L. cardiaca L., Motherwort
=L. glaucescens of NY reports, not Bunge ex Ledeb.
Leonurus glaucescens of NY reports, not Bunge ex Ledeb. = Leonurus cardiaca L.
Lepachys pinnata (Vent.) Torr. & A. Gray = Ratibida pinnata (Vent.) Barnh.
LEPIDIUM L. (Brassicaceae)
* L. campestre (L.) R. Br. ex Ait., Field Peppergrass, Cow-cress
=Thlaspi campestre L.
* L. densiflorum Schrad., Peppergrass, Bird's Peppergrass, Wild Peppergrass
=L. intermedium (of authors)
=L. neglectum Thell.
Lepidium draba L. = Cardaria draba (L.) Desv.
Lepidium intermedium (of authors) = Lepidium densiflorum Schrad.
Lepidium neglectum Thell. = Lepidium densiflorum Schrad.
* L. ruderale L., Roadside Peppergrass, Stinking Peppergrass
L. virginicum L., Common Peppergrass, Poor Man's Pepper
Leptamnium virginianum (L.) Raf. = Epifagus virginiana (L.) Bart.
Leptilon canadense (L.) Britt. ex Britt. & Brown = Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. var. canadensis
Leptochloa fascicularis (Lam.) A. Gray = Diplachne fascicularis (Lam.) Beauv.
Leptoloma cognatum (Schult.) Chase = Digitaria cognatum (Schult.) Pilger
LESPEDEZA Michx. (Fabaceae)
L. capitata Michx., Round-headed Bush Clover
=L. capitata var. velutina (Bickn.) Fern.
=L. capitata var. vulgaris Torr. & A. Gray
Lespedeza capitata var. velutina (Bickn.) Fern. = Lespedeza capitata Michx.
Lespedeza capitata var. vulgaris Torr. & A. Gray = Lespedeza capitata Michx.
Lespedeza fruitescens L., not Ell. or Britt. = Lespedeza violacea (L.) Pers.
L. hirta (L.) Hornem., Hairy Bush-clover
L. hirta x intermedia = L. x nuttallii NEW
L. intermedia (Wats.) Britt., Wand-like Bush-clover
=L. violacea (of local authors)
[Lespedeza stuevei Nutt. has been excluded from our flora by Zander and Pierce (1979); there exists a report unsubstantiated by specimens for Erie Co. (Young 1998).]
L. stuevii x virginica = L. x neglecta Mackz. & Bush NEW
L. violacea (L.) Pers., Bush Clover NEW
=Hedysarum violaceum L.
=Lespedeza frutescens L., not Ell. or Britt.
Lespedeza violacea (of local authors) = Lespedeza intermedia (Wats.) Britt.
LEUCANTHEMUM Mill. (Asteraceae)
Leucanthemum parthenium Godron. = Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz.
* L. vulgare Lam., Ox-eye Daisy, White Daisy, Whiteweed, Marguerite, Field Daisy Image 2 3
=Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L.
=C. leucanthemum var. pinnatifidum Lecoq. & Lamotte
LIATRIS Gaertn. & Schreb. (Asteraceae)
* L. aspera Michx., Rough Blazing-star NEW
=Lacinaria aspera (Michx.) Greene
L. cylindracea Michx., Cylindric Blazing Star
=Lacinaria cylindrica (Michx.) Kuntze
* L. pycnostachya Michx., Prairie Button-snakeroot, Gayfeather
=Lacinaria pycnostachya (Michx.) Kuntze.
* L. spicata (L.) Willd., Blazing-star NEW
=Lacinaria spicata (L.) Kuntze
LIGUSTRUM L. (Oleaceae)
* L. obtusifolium Sieb. & Zucc., Privet NEW
* L. vulgare L., Privet, Hedge-Privet, Prim
LILIUM L. (Liliaceae)
L. canadense L., Canada Lily, Wild Yellow Lily
ssp. canadense
L. michiganense Farw., Michigan Lily NEW
L. philadelphicum L., Wood Lily, Orange-red Lily
L. superbum L., Turk's-Cap Lily
Limnorchis dilatata (Pursh) Rydb. ex Britt. = Platanthera dilatata (Pursh) Lindl. ex Beck
Limnorchis dilatata var. linearifolius Rybd. = Platanthera dilatata (Pursh) Lindl. ex Beck
Limnochoris hyperborea (L.) Rydb. ex Britt. = Platanthera hyperborea (L.) Lindl.
LINARIA Mill. (Scrophulariaceae)
L. canadensis (L.) Dumort., Old-field Toadflax
Linaria cymbalaria (L.) Mill. = Cymbalaria muralis Gaertn. Mey.& Scherb.
* L. dalmatica (L.) Mill., Dalmatian Toadflax NEW
=L. genistifolia (L.) Mill. ssp. dalmatica (L.) Maire & Petit.
Linaria genistifolia (L.) Mill. ssp. dalmatica (L.) Maire & Petit. = Linaria dalmatica (L.) Mill.
Linaria linaria (L.) Karst. = Linaria vulgaris Mill.
Linaria minor (L.) Desf. = Chaenorrhinum minus (L.) Lange
* L. vulgaris Mill., Butter-and-Eggs
=L. linaria (L.) Karst.
LINDERA Thunb. (Lauraceae)
L. benzoin (L.) Blume, Spicebush, Benzoin-bush, Benjamin-bush
=Benzoin aestivale (L.) Nees
= B. odoriferum Nees & ed 2 of Gray's
Manual
LINDERNIA All. (Scrophulariaceae)
L. dubia (L.) Pennell, False Pimpernel
var. dubia
=Ilysanthes dubia (L.) Barnh.
=Ilysanthes dubia var. riparia (Raf.) Fern.
=Ilysanthes dubia var. inundata (Pennell) Pennell
=Ilysanthes gratioloides (L.) Benth. in DC.
=Lindernia dubia var. riparia (Raf.) Fern.
LINNAEA L. (Caprifoliaceae)
L. borealis L., Twin-flower Image 2
ssp. longiflora (Torr.) Hultén
=L. borealis ssp. americana (Forbes) Hultén
=L. borealis L. var. americana (Forbes) Rehd.
=L. borealis var. longiflora Torr.
LINUM L. (Linaceae)
Linum humile Mill. = Linum usitatissimum L.
L. medium (Planch.) Britt., Yellow Flax, Wild Flax
var. medium
var. texanum (Planch.) Fern., Southern Yellow Flax NEW
L. striatum Walt., Stiff Yellow Flax
=L. striatum var. multijugum Fern.
L. sulcatum Riddell, Grooved Yellow Flax, Yellow Wild Flax
* L. usitatissimum L., Common Flax
=L. humile Mill.
=L. usitatissimum var. humile (Mill.) Pers.
L. virginianum L., Slender Yellow Flax
LIPARIS L. Rich. (Orchidaceae)
L. liliifolia (L.) Rich. ex Ker, Lily-leaved Twayblade, Large or Purple Twayblade
=L. liliifolia of authors
L. loeselii (L.) L. Rich., Loesel's Twayblade, Bog Twayblade, Yellow Twayblade, Fen Orchid
Liquidambar peregrina L. = Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult.
LIRIODENDRON L. (Magnoliaceae)
L. tulipifera L., Tulip Tree, Tulip Poplar, Yellow Poplar
LISTERA R. Br. (Orchidaceae)
L. australis Lindl., Southern Twayblade
=Ophrys auriculata (Wieg.) House.
L. convallarioides (Sw.) Nutt. ex Ell., Broad-lipped Twayblade
L. cordata (L.) R. Br., Heartleaf Twayblade
LITHOSPERMUM L. (Boraginaceae)
Lithospermum arvense L. = Buglossoides arvense (L.) Johnst.
L. caroliniense (Walt. ex Gmel.) MacMill., Hairy Puccoon, Golden Puccoon
var. croceum (Fern.) Cronq.
=L. caroliniense ssp. croceum (Fern.) Cusick
=L. croceum Fern.
=L. gmelinii (of authors)
=L. hirtum (of authors)
Lithospermum croceum Fern. = Lithospermum caroliniense (Walt. ex Gmel.) MacMill. var. croceum (Fern.) Cronq.
Lithospermum gmelinii (of authors) = Lithospermum caroliniense (Walt. ex Gmel.) MacMill. var. croceum (Fern.) Cronq.
Lithospermum hirtum (of authors) = Lithospermum caroliniense (Walt. ex Gmel.) MacMill. var. croceum (Fern.) Cronq.
L. latifolium Michx., Broad-leaved Gromwell, Puccoon
* L. officinale L., Common Gromwell, European Gromwell Image 2
LITTORELLA Berg. (Plantaginaceae)
L. uniflora (L.) Aschers., Shore-grass, Littorella NEW
=L. americana Fern.
=L. uniflora var. americana (Fern.) Gleason
LOBELIA L. (Lobeliaceae)
L. cardinalis L., Cardinal-flower, Indian Pink Image 2, 3, 4
L. inflata L., Indian-tobacco Lobelia Image 2 3
L. kalmii L., Kalm's Lobelia, Brook Lobelia
L. siphilitica L., Great Lobelia, Blue Cardinal-flower
L. spicata Lam., Pale-Spiked Lobelia
LOBULARIA Desv. (Brassicaceae)
* L. maritima (L.) Desv., Sweet or Seaside Alyssum
=Clypeola maritima L.
=Koniga maritima (L.) R. Br. ex Denh. & Clapp
LOLIUM L. (Poaceae)
Lolium multiflorum Lam. = Lolium perenne L. var. aristatum Willd.
* L. perenne L., English or Perennial Ryegrass
* var. aristatum Willd., Italian Ryegrass
=L. multiflorum Lam.
=L. multiflorum var. diminutum Mutel
=L. perenne ssp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot
=L. perenne var. multiflorum (Lam.) Thuill. ex Bast.
* var. perenne
* L. pratense (Hudson) S. Darbyshire, Meadow Fescue, English Bluegrass
=Festuca elatior L., a nomen confusum
=F. pratensis Hudson
* L. temulentum L., Darnel, Poisongrass
LONICERA L. (Caprifoliaceae)
Lonicera bella Zabel = [Lonicera morrowii x tatarica = L. x bella Zabel]
Lonicera caerulea (of American authors) = Lonicera villosa (Michx.) R.& S.
L. canadensis Bartr., Fly Honeysuckle
=L. ciliata Muhl.
Lonicera ciliata Muhl. = Lonicera canadensis Bartr.
L. dioica L., Smooth-leaved Honeysuckle, Wild or Mountain Honeysuckle
var. dioica
=L. parviflora Lam.
var. glaucescens (Rydb.) Butters, Glaucous Honeysuckle
=L. glaucescens Rydb.
=L. parviflora var. douglassii A. Gray
Lonicera glaucescens Rydb. = Lonicera dioica var. glaucescens (Rydb.) Butters
L. hirsuta Eat., Hairy Honeysuckle
=L. hirsuta var. interior Gleason
* L. japonica Thunb., Japanese Honeysuckle, Gold-and-Silver-flower NEW Image 2
* L. maackii (Rupr.) Maxim., Honeysuckle NEW
* L. morrowii A. Gray, Morrow's Honeysuckle
* L. morrowii x tatarica = L. x bella Zabel, Fly-Honeysuckle NEW
=L. bella Zabel
L. oblongifolia (Goldie) Hook., Swamp Fly Honeysuckle
=L. oblongifolia var. altissima (Jennings) Rehd.
Lonicera parviflora Lam. = Lonicera dioica var. dioica L.
Lonicera parviflora var. douglassii A. Gray = Lonicera dioica var. glaucescens (Rydb.) Butters
Lonicera sempervirens L. (excluded by Zander & Pierce 1979)
* L. tartarica L., Tartarian Honeysuckle
L. villosa (Michx.) R.& S., Mountain Fly Honeysuckle
=L. caerulea (of American authors)
=L. villosa var. tonsa Fern.
* L. xylosteum L., European Fly Honeysuckle NEW
Lophanthus nepetoides (L.) Benth. = Agastache nepetoides (L.) Kuntze
Lophanthus scrophulariaefolius (Willd.) Benth. = Agastache scrophulariaefolia (Willd.) Kuntze
LOTUS L. (Fabaceae)
* L. corniculata L., Bird-foot Trefoil, Eggs & Bacon Image 2 3
=Lotus corniculatus of authors
LUDWIGIA L. (Onagraceae)
L. palustris (L.) Ell., Water Purslane
=L. palustris var. americana (DC.) Fern. & Griscom
L. polycarpa Short & Peter, Many-fruited False Loosestrife NEW in Canada section
LUNARIA L. (Brassicaceae)
* L. annua L., Honesty, Money-plant, Satin-flower
=L. biennis Moench
LUPINUS L. (Fabaceae)
L. perennis L., Wild Lupine, Sundial Lupine
=L. perennis var. occidentalis S. Wats
LUZULA DC. (Juncaceae)
L. acuminata Raf., Hairy Woodrush
=Juncoides carolinae (S. Wats.) Kuntze
=Luzula acuminata var. carolinae (S. Wats.) Fern.
=L. acuminata var. saltuensis (Fern.) Fern.
=L. pilosa (of authors)
=L. pilosa var. americana Schultes & Schultes
=L. saltuensis Fern.
L. campestris (L.) DC. in Lam. & DC., Common or Field Woodrush
var. echinata (Small) Fern. & Wieg. NEW
=L. echinata (Small) F. Hermann
var. multiflora (Retz.) Lej.
=Juncoides intermedium (Thuill.) Rydb.
=Juncus intermedius Thuill.
=J. multiflorus Ehrh.
=Luzula campestris ssp. multiflora (Retz.) Buch.
=L. erecta Desv.
=L. intermedia var. multiflora Spenner
=L. multiflora (Retz.) Lej.
=L. multiflora var. frigida Buch.
Luzula echinata (Small) F. Hermann = Luzula campestris var. echinata (Small) Fern. & Wieg.
Luzula erecta Desv. = Luzula campestris (L.) DC. in Lam. & DC. var. multiflora (Retz.) Lej.
Luzula intermedia var. multiflora Spenner = Luzula campestris (L.) DC. in Lam. & DC. var. multiflora (Retz.) Lej.
Luzula multiflora (Retz.) Lej. = Luzula campestris (L.) DC. in Lam. & DC. var. multiflora (Retz.) Lej.
Luzula multiflora var. frigida Buch. = Luzula campestris (L.) DC. in Lam. & DC. var. multiflora (Retz.) Lej.
Luzula pilosa (of authors) = Luzula acuminata Raf.
Luzula pilosa var. americana Schultes & Schultes = Luzula acuminata Raf.
Luzula saltuensis Fern. = Luzula acuminata Raf.
LYCHNIS L. (Caryophyllaceae)
Lychnis alba Mill. = Silene latifolia Poir.
Lychnis arvensis Gaertn., Meyer & Scherb. = Silene latifolia Poir.
* L. coronaria (L.) Desr. Mullein-Pink, Rose-campion
=Agrostemma coronaria L.
Lychnis githago (L.) Scop. = Agrostemma githago L.
Lychnis vespertina Sibth. = Silene latifolia Poir.
LYCIUM L. (Solanaceae)
* L. barbarum L., Matrimony Vine
=L. chinense Mill.
=L. halamifolium Mill.
=L. vulgare (Ait) Dunal in DC.
Lycium chinense Mill. = Lycium barbarum L.
Lycium halimifolium Mill. = Lycium barbarum L.
Lycium vulgare (Ait) Dunal in DC. = Lycium barbarum L.
LYCOPERSICON Mill. (Solanaceae)
* L. esculentum Mill., Garden Tomato NEW
=L. lycopersicum (L.) Karst. ex Farw.
=Solanum lycopersicum L.
Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L.) Karst. ex Farw. = Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.
LYCOPODIELLA Holub (Lycopodiaceae)
L. inundata (L.) Holub, Bog Club-moss, Marsh Club-moss
=Lycopodium inundatum L.
LYCOPODIUM L. (Lycopodiaceae)
L. annotinum L., Stiff Club-moss, Bristly Club-Moss
var. annotinum
var. pungens (La Pyl.) Desv. NEW
Lycopodium apodum L. = Selaginella apodum L.
L. clavatum L., Running-pine
Lycopodium complanatum L. var. complanatum of early authors = Lycopodium digitatum Dill. ex A. Br.
Lycopodium complanatum var. habereri (House) Boiv. = [Lycopodium digitatum x tristachyum = L. x habereri House]
Lycopodium complanatum L. var. flabelliforme Fern. = Lycopodium digitatum A. Br.
L. dendroideum Michx., Northern Tree Club-Moss, Ground-pine
= Lycopodium obscurum var. dendroideum (Michx.) D. Eaton
L. digitatum Dill. ex A. Br., Ground-cedar, Southern Running-Pine, Crowfoot Clubmoss Image 2
=Diphasiastrum digitatum (A. Br.) Holub
=Lycopodium complanatum L. var. complanatum of early authors
=L. complanatum L. var. flabelliforme Fern.
=L. flabelliforme (Fern.) Blanch.
L. digitatum x tristachyum = L. x habereri House NEW
= L. complanatum var. habereri (House) Boiv.
Lycopodium flabelliforme (Fern.) Blanch. = Lycopodium digitatum Dill. ex A. Br.
Lycopodium lucidulum Michx. = Huperzia lucidula (Michx.) Trev.
Lycopodium lucidulum var. occidentale (Clute) Wilson = Huperzia lucidula (Michx.) Trev.
Lycopodium lucidulum var. tryonii Mohlenbrock = Huperzia lucidula (Michx.) Trev.
L. obscurum L., Ground-pine, Eastern Tree Clubmoss Image 2
Lycopodium rupestre L. = Selaginella rupestris (L.) Spring
L. tristachyum Pursh, Three-spiked Club-moss, Ground Cedar, Northern Ground Pine
=Diphasiastrum tristachyum (Pursh) Holub
=Diphasium tristachyum (Pursh) Rothm.
Lycopsis arvensis L. = Anchusa arvensis (L.) Bieb.
LYCOPUS L. (Lamiaceae)
L. americanus Muhl. ex Bart., Cut-leaved Water Horehound
=L. americanus var. longii Benner
L. asper Greene, Western Water Horehound
=L. lucidus ssp. americanus (Gray) Hultén
=L. lucidus var. americanus Gray
* L. europaeus L., European Water Horehound
=L. europaeus var. mollis (Kern.) Briq.
Lycopus lucidus var. americanus Gray = Lycopus asper Greene
Lycopus membranaceus Bickn. ex Britt. = Lycopus uniflorus Michx.
L. rubellus Moench, Gypsy-wort, Water-horehound NEW
L. uniflorus Michx., Northern Bugleweed, Water Horehound
=L. membranaceus Bickn. ex Britt.
L. virginicus L., Virginia Bugleweed, Water Horehound
Lysias hookeri (Torr. ex A. Gray) Rydb. ex Britt. = Platanthera hookeri (Torr. ex A. Gray) Lindl.
Lysias macrophylla (Goldie) House = Platanthera macrophylla (Goldie) P. M. Brown
Lysias orbiculata (Pursh) Rydb. ex Britt. = Platanthera orbiculata (Pursh) Lindl.
LYSIMACHIA L. (Primulaceae)
L. ciliata L., Fringed Loosestrife
=Steironema ciliatum (L.) Raf.
[L. hybrida Michx., Intermediate Loosestrife
=L. lanceolata of NY reports, not Walt.
=L. lanceolata var. hybrida (Michx.) A. Gray
=Steironema hybridum (Michx.) Raf.
The species was excluded from the Niagara Frontier region by Zander and Pierce (1979). A pre-1980 specimen exists for Allegany Co. (NYFA 1990), perhaps just outside of our range. The species does occur in Ontario (Morton & Venn 1990).]
Lysimachia lanceolata Walt. (excluded), see Lysimachia hybrida
Lysimachia longifolia Pursh = Lysimachia quadriflora Sims
* L. nummularia L., Moneywort, Creeping Jenny, Creeping Charlie
Lysimachia producta (Gray) Fern. = [Lysimachia quadrifolia x terrestris = L. x producta (Gray) Fern.]
* L. punctata L., Spotted Loosestrife, Garden Loosestrife
L. quadriflora Sims, Linear-leaved Loosestrife, Four-flowered Loosestrife
=L. longifolia Pursh
=Steironema quadriflorum (Sims) Hitchc.
L. quadrifolia x terrestris = L. x producta (A. Gray) Fern., Elongate Loosestrife
=L. producta (Gray) Fern.
=L. stricta Aiton var. producta Gray
L. quadrifolia L., Whorled Loosestrife
Lysimachia stricta Ait. = Lysimachia terrestris (L.) BSP
Lysimachia stricta Aiton var. producta Gray = [Lysimachia quadrifolia x terrestris = L. x producta (Gray) Fern.]
L. terrestris (L.) BSP., Bulb-bearing Loosestrife
=L. stricta Ait.
L. thyrsiflora L., Tufted Loosestrife
=Naumbergia thyrsiflora (L.) Duby
* L. vulgaris L., Garden Loosestrife
LYTHRUM L. (Lythraceae)
Lythrum petiolatum L. = Cuphea viscosissima Jacq.
L. alatum Pursh, Wing-angled Loosestrife, Winged Loosestrife
* L. salicaria L., Purple or Spiked Loosestrife Image 2 3 4
Lythrum verticillatum L. = Decodon verticillatus (L.) Ell.
MACLURA Nutt. (Moraceae)
Maclura aurantiaca Nutt. = Maclura pomifera (Raf. ex Sarg.) Schneid.
* M. pomifera (Raf. ex Sarg.) Schneid., Osage Orange
=M. aurantiaca Nutt.
=Toxylon pomiferum Raf. ex Sarg.
MAGNOLIA L. (Magnoliaceae)
M. acuminata (L.) L., Cucumber Tree, Cucumber Magnolia Image 2
MAHONIA Nutt. (Berberidaceae)
* M. aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt., Oregon Grape, Grape-holly NEW
=Berberis aquilifolium Pursh.
MAIANTHEMUM Wiggers (Liliaceae)
M. canadense Desf., False Lily-of-the-Valley, Two-leaf Solomon's Seal, Wild Lily-of-the-Valley
=M. canadense var. interior Fern.
=Smilacina bifolia Torr.
=Unifolium canadense (Desf.) Greene
=U. canadense var. interior (Fern.) House
M. racemosum L., False Solomon's-seal, False Spikenard Image 2
=Smilacina racemosa (L.) Desf.
=S. racemosa var. cylindrata Fern.
=Vagnera racemosa (L.) Morong
M. stellatum L., Star-flowered False Solomon's-seal Image 2 3 4
=Smilacina stellata (L.) Desf.
=Vagnera stellata (L.) Morong
M. trifolium L., Three-leaved False Solomon's-seal
=Smilacina trifolia (L.) Desf.
=Vagnera trifolia (L.) Morong
Malachium aquaticum (L.) Fries = Myosoton aquaticum (L.) Moench
MALAXIS Solander ex Sw. (Orchidaceae)
Malaxis bayardii Fern. = Malaxis unifolia Michx.
Malaxis brachypoda (Gray) Fern. = Malaxis monophylla (L.) Sw. var. brachypoda (Gray) Morris & Eames
M. monophyllos (L.) Sw., White Adder's-mouth
=Microstylis monophyllos (L.) Lindl.
var. brachypoda (A. Gray) Morris & Eames
=M. brachypoda (A. Gray) Fern.
M. unifolia Michx., Green Adder's-mouth
=M. bayardii Fern.
=Microstylis unifolia (Michx.) BSP
MALUS P. Mill. (Rosaceae)
Malus bracteata Redh. = Malus coronaria (L.) Mill.
M. coronaria (L.) Mill., Wild Crabapple, American Crab, Sweet-crab
=M. bracteata Redh.
=M. coronaria var. dasycalyx Rehd.
=M. coronaria var. elongata Rehd. of Zenkert, 1934
=M. fragrans Rehd.
=M. lancifolia Rehd.
=Pyrus coronaria L.
=P. coronaria var. dasycalyx (Rehd.) Fern.
=P. coronaria var. elongata (Rehd.) Bailey
=P. coronaria var. lancifolia (Rehd.) Fern.
Malus domestica Borkh. = Malus pumila Mill.
Malus fragrans Rehd. = Malus coronaria (L.) Mill.
M. glaucescens Rehd., American Crab, Wild Crab-apple NEW
=M. coronaria var. glaucescens Rehd. of Zenkert, 1934
=Pyrus coronaria var. glaucescens (Rehd.) Bailey
Malus lancifolia Rehd. = Malus coronaria (L.) Mill.
Malus malus (L.) Shafer = Malus pumila Mill.
* M. pumila Mill., Domestic Apple
=M. domestica Borkh.
=M. malus (L.) Shafer
=M. sylvestris of authors, not (L.) Mill.
=Pyrus malus of authors, not L.
Malus sylvestris of authors, not (L.) Mill. = Malus pumila Mill.
MALVA L. (Malvaceae)
* M. alcea L., Vervain Mallow
Malva crispa (L.) L. = Malva verticillata L.
* M. moschata L., Musk Mallow
* M. neglecta Wallr., Cheeses
=M. rotundifolia (of Zenkert, 1934) of authors, not L.
Malva rotundifolia (of Zenkert, 1934), of authors, not L. = Malva neglecta Wallr.
* M. sylvestris L., High Mallow, Cheeses
* M. verticillata L.), Whorled Mallow
=M. crispa (L.) L.
=M. verticillata var. crispa L.
Malva verticillata var. crispa L. = Malva verticillata L.
Mariana mariana (L.) Hill = Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.
Mariscus mariscoides (Muhl.) Kuntze = Cladium mariscoides (Muhl.) Torr.
MARRUBIUM L. (Lamiaceae)
* M. vulgare L., Horehound
MARSILIA L. (Marsileaceae)
* M. quadrifolia L., Water-clover, Pepperwort NEW
=M. mexicana of NY reports, not Schlect. & Cham.
Martynia louisiana Mill. = Proboscidea louisiana (Mill.) Woot.& Standl.
Martynia proboscidea Glox. = Proboscidea louisiana (Mill.) Woot. & Standl.
Maruta cotula (L.) DC. = Anthemis cotula L.
MATRICARIA L. (Asteraceae)
* M. discoidea DC., Pineapple-weed
=Chamomila suaveolens (Pursh) Rydb.
=Matricaria matricarioides (Less.) Porter
=M. suaveolens (Pursh) Buch.
Matricaria inodora L. (nom. illeg.) = Matricaria perforata Merat
Matricaria maritima of NY reports, not L. = Matricaria perforata Merat
Matricaria maritima var. agrestis (Knaf) Wilm. = Matricaria perforata Merat
Matricaria maritima var. agrestis (Knaf) Wilm. = Matricaria perforata Merat
Matricaria matricarioides (Less.) Porter = Matricaria discoidea DC.
Matricaria parthenium L. according to House 1924 p. 735 = Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Schultz
* M. perforata Merat, Scentless Chamomile, Seaside Chrysanthemum
=Chamomilla maritima of NY reports, not (L.) Rydb.
=C. inodora (L.) Rydb.
=Matricaria inodora L. (nom. illeg.)
=M. maritima of NY reports, not L.
=M. maritima var. agrestis (Knaf) Wilm.
=Tripleurospermum maritimum ssp. inodorum (L.) Hyl. ex Vaar
* M. recutita L., Wild Chamomile, False Sweet Chamomile NEW
=Chamomilla chamomilla (L.) Rydb.
=C. recutita (L.) Rausch
=Matricaria chamomilla L.
Matricaria suaveolens (Pursh) Buch. = Matricaria discoidea DC.
MATTEUCCIA Todaro (Dryopteridaceae)
Matteuccia pensylvanica (Willd.) Raym. = Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro
M. struthiopteris (L.) Todaro, Ostrich Fern
=Matteuccia pensylvanica (Willd.) Raym.
=M. struthiopteris var. pensylvanica (Willd.) C. V.Morton
=Osmunda struthiopteris L.
=Pteretis nodulosa (Michx.) Nieuwl.
=Pteretis pensylvanica (Willd.) Fern.
=Struthiopteris germanica Willd.
MEDEOLA L. (Liliaceae)
M. virginiana L., Indian Cucumber-root
MEDICAGO L. (Fabaceae)
* M. lupulina L., Black Medick, Nonsuch
=M. lupulina var. glandulosa Neilr.
Medicago lupulina var. glandulosa Neilr. = Medicago lupulina L.
* M. sativa L., Alfalfa, Lucerne
* ssp. sativa (ESCAPE)
MEGALODONTA Greene (Asteraceae)
M. beckii (Torr. ex Spreng.) Greene, Water-marigold
=Bidens beckii Torr. ex Spreng.
Meibomia dillenii (Darl.) Kuntze in part = Desmodium perplexum Schub.
MELAMPYRUM L. (Scrophulariaceae)
Melampyrum americanum Michx. = Melampyrum lineare Desr.
M. lineare Desr., Cow-wheat
=M. americanum Michx.
=M. lineare var. americanum (Michx.) Beauv.
=M. lineare var. latifolium Bart., not (Muhl.) Beauv.
=M. lineare var. pectinatum (Pennell) Fern.
Melandrium noctiflorum (L.) Fries = Silene noctiflora L.
Melica mutica Walt, Siberian Melic, excluded by Zander & Pierce 1979; "M. mutica as to [Ontario] reports, not of Walter" = M. altissima L., occasional garden escape, not persisting" (Morton & Venn 1990). The species is reported by Mitchell and Tucker (1997) in new York State, also in non persisting populations.
Melica purpurascens (Torr.) Hitchc. = Schizachne purpurascens (Torr.) Swallen
MELILOTUS Mill. (Fabaceae)
* M. alba Desr. ex Lam., White Sweet-clover
=M. alba Medik., a nomen nudum
* M. altissima Thuill., Tall Yellow Sweet-clover
* M. officinalis (L.) Pallas, Yellow Sweet-clover
=Trifolium meliloti-officinalis of authors, not L.
=T. officinalis L.
MELISSA L. (Lamiaceae)
* M. officinalis L., Lemon Balm
MENISPERMUM L. (Menispermaceae)
M. canadense L., Moonseed, Yellow Parilla Image 2 3
MENTHA L. (Lamiaceae)
Mentha x piperita var. crispa (L.) Koch = Mentha spicata L.
Mentha aquatica L. var. crispa (L.) Benth. = Mentha spicata L.
* M. aquatica x spicata = M. x piperita L., Peppermint, Bergamot Mint
=M. piperita L. of Zander & Pierce (1979)
=M. citrata Ehrh.
=M. x piperita var. citrata (Ehrh.) Briq.
* M. arvensis L., American Wild Mint, Field Mint
=M. gentilis L.
* M. arvensis x spicata = M. x gracilis Sole, Red Mint, Scotch Mint, Spotted Mint, Creeping Whorled Mint
=M. cardiaca Gerard ex Baker
=M. x gentilis L. = M. arvensis ssp. arvensis x M. spicata
=M. x cardiaca (Gray) Baker
=M. x gracilis Sole
M. arvensis var. canadensis (L.) Briq. = Mentha canadensis L.
Mentha arvensis ssp. haplocalyx Briq. = Mentha canadensis L.
Mentha arvensis var. glabrata (Benth.) Fern. = Mentha canadensis L.
M. arvensis var. villosa (Benth.) S.R. Stewart = Mentha canadensis L.
M. canadensis L., Field Mint
=M. arvensis sensu auct. non L.
=M. arvensis ssp. haplocalyx Briq.
=M. arvensis var. canadensis (L.) Briq.
=M. arvensis var. glabrata (Benth.) Fern.
=M. arvensis var. villosa (Benth.) Stewart
Mentha cardiaca Gerarde ex Baker = [Mentha arvensis x spicata = M. x gentilis L.]
Mentha citrata Ehrh. = [Mentha aquatica x spicata = M. x piperita L.]
Mentha crispa L. = Mentha spicata L.
Mentha gentilis L. = Mentha arvensis L.
Mentha x gentilis L. = Mentha arvensis x M. spicata
Mentha x piperita L. = Mentha aquatica x M. spicata
Mentha x piperita var. citrata (Ehrh.) Briq. = [Mentha aquatica x spicata = M. x piperita L.]
* M. longifolia x suaveolens = M. x rotundifolia (L.) Huds., Apple Mint, Pineapple Mint
=M. rotundifolia (L.) Huds.
M. rotundifolia (L.) Huds. = [Mentha longifolia x suaveolens = M. x rotundifolia (L.) Huds.]
* M. spicata L., Spearmint
=M. aquatica var. crispa (L.) Benth.
=M. crispa L.
=M. x piperita var. crispa (L.) Koch
=M. viridis L.
Mentha viridis L. = Mentha spicata L.
MENYANTHES L. (Menyanthaceae)
M. trifoliata L. Buckbean Image 2
var. minor Raf.
MERTENSIA Roth (Boraginaceae)
M. virginica (L.) Pers. ex Link, Bluebells, Virginia Bluebells, Virginia Cowslip, Roanoke-bells Image 2
Mespilus arbutifolia L. = Aronia arbutifolia (L.) Pers.
Mespilus arbutifolia var. melanocarpa Michx. = Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Ell.
Mespilus prunifolia Marsh. = [Aronia arbutifolia x melanocarpa = A. x prunifolia (Marsh.) Rehd.]
Micrampelis lobata (Michx.) Greene = Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) Torr. & A. Gray
Micromeria glabella of ON reports, not of Benth. = Calamintha arkansana (Nutt.) Shinners
Microstyis unifolia (Michx.) BSP = Malaxis unifolia Michx.
Microstylis monophyllos (L.) Lindl. = Malaxis monophylla (L.) Sw.
MIKANIA Willd. (Asteraceae)
M. scandens (L.) Willd., Climbing Boneset NEW
MILIUM L. (Poaceae)
M. effusum L., Tall Millet Grass
MIMULUS L. (Scrophulariaceae)
M. alatus Ait., Sharp-winged Monkey-flower
* M. moschatus Dougl. ex Lindl., Musk-flower
M. ringens L., Monkey-flower, Purple or Allegheny Monkeyflower
MIRABILIS L. (Nyctaginaceae)
* M. nyctaginea (Michx.) MacM., Wild Four-O'clock
=Allionia nyctaginea Michx.
=Oxybaphus nyctagineus (Michx.) Sweet
MISCANTHUS Anderss. (Poaceae)
* M. sinensis Anderss., Eulalia NEW
MITCHELLA L. (Rubiaceae)
M. repens L., Partridge-berry, Twin-berry, Running-box, Two-Eyed Berry, Mitchella
MITELLA L. (Saxifragaceae)
M. diphylla L., Miterwort Image 2
=M. oppositifolia Rydb.
M. nuda L., Naked Miterwort
=M. reniformis Lam.
Mitella oppositifolia Rydb. = Mitella diphylla L.
Mitella reniformis Lam. = Mitella nuda L.
MOEHRINGIA L. (Caryophyllaceae)
M. lateriflora (L.) Fenzl, Side-flowering Sandwort, Grove Sandwort, Blunt-leaf Sandwort
=Arenaria angustifolia Regel
=A. lateriflora L.
=Stellaria biflora Pursh
MOLLUGO L. (Molluginaceae)
* M. verticillata L., Carpet-weed, Indian Chickweed, Devil's Grip
=M. berteriana Sér.
=M. cerviana of NY reports, not (L.) Sér.
MONARDA L. (Lamiaceae)
M. clinopodia L., Basil Balm
=M. fistulosa L. var. clinopodia (L.) Cooperrider
M. didyma L., Oswego Tea, Bee-balm Image 2
M. fistulosa L. Wild Bergamot, Horsemint
=M. fistulosa var. mollis (L.) Benth.
=M. mollis L.
Monarda fistulosa L. var. clinopodia (L.) Cooperrider = Monarda clinopodia L.
Monarda fistulosa var. rubra Gray = Monarda media Willd.
M. media Willd., Purple Bergamot, Bee-balm
=M. x media of authors, not Willd.
=M. fistulosa var. rubra A. Gray
=M. media Willd. of Zander & Pierce, 1979
Monarda x media of authors, not Willd. = Monarda media Willd.
Monarda mollis L. = Monarda fistulosa L.
MONESES Salisb. ex S. Gray (Ericaceae)
M. uniflora (L.) A. Gray, One-flowered Shinleaf, One-flowered Pyrola
=Pyrola uniflora L.
MONOTROPA L. (Ericaceae)
Monotropa brittonii Small = Monotropa uniflora L.
M. hypopithys L., Pinesap
=Hypopithys americana (DC.) Small
=H. lanuginosa (Michx.) Raf., not Nutt.
=H. multiflora var. americana DC.
=Monotropa hypopithys Michx., not L.
=M. lanuginosa Michx.
Monotropa lanuginosa Michx. = Monotropa hypopithys L.
Monotropa procera Torr. ex Eaton = Pterospora andromedea Nutt.
M. uniflora L., Indian Pipe
=M. brittonii Small
Montelia tamariscina (Nutt.) A. Gray = Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq. ex DC.) Sauer
Morella caroliniana Small = Myrica pensylvanica Loisel. ex Duhamel
MORUS L. (Moraceae)
* M. alba L., White Mulberry
=M. alba var. tatarica (Pallas) Sér.
=M. nigra of NY reports, not L.
=M. tatarica Pallas, not L.
Morus nigra of NY reports, not L. = Morus alba L.
M. rubra L., Red Mulberry Image 2
Morus tatarica Pallas, not L. = Morus alba L.
MUHLENBERGIA Schreb. (Poaceae)
* M. asperifolia (Nees & Meyer) Parodi NEW
M. capillaris (Lam.) Trin., Hairgrass
Muhlenbergia commutata (Scribn.) Bush = Muhlenbergia frondosa (Poir.) Fern.
Muhlenbergia diffusa Willd. = Muhlenbergia schreberi Gmel.
Muhlenbergia foliosa (R. & S.) Trin. = Muhlenbergia mexicana (L.) Trin.
M. frondosa (Poir.) Fern., Leafy Muhlenbergia, Wirestem Muhly
=M. commutata (Scribn.) Bush
=M. mexicana of some authors, not (L.) Trin.
=M. mexicana var. commutata Scribn.
M. glomerata (Willd.) Trin., Marsh Timothy
=M. glomerata var. cinnoides (Link) Hermann
=M. racemosa of NY reports, not (Michx.) BSP.
=M. racemosa var. violacea Scribn.
M. mexicana (L.) Trin., Wood Grass, Satin-grass, Muhly
=M. foliosa (R. & S.) Trin.
Muhlenbergia mexicana of some authors, not (L.) Trin. = Muhlenbergia frondosa (Poir.) Fern.
Muhlenbergia mexicana var. commutata Scribn. = Muhlenbergia frondosa (Poir.) Fern.
Muhlenbergia racemosa of NY reports, not (Michx.) BSP. = Muhlenbergia glomerata (Willd.) Trin.
Muhlenbergia racemosa var. violacea Scribn. = Muhlenbergia glomerata (Willd.) Trin.
M. schreberi Gmel., Dropseed, Nimble Will
=M. diffusa Willd.
M. sylvatica (Torr.) Torr. ex A. Gray, Woodland Dropseed
=M. umbrosa Scribn.
var. sylvatica
=M. sylvatica var. attenuata Carpenter
M. tenuiflora (Willd.) BSP., Slender Satin Grass
=M. willdenovii Trin.
Muhlenbergia umbrosa Scribn. = Muhlenbergia sylvatica (Torr.) Torr. ex A. Gray
Muhlenbergia willdenovii Trin. = Muhlenbergia tenuiflora (Willd.) BSP.
Mulgedium leucophaeum (Willd.) DC. = Lactuca biennis (Moench) Fern.
Muricauda dracontium (L.) Kunth = Arisaema dracontium (L.) Schott ex Schott & Endl.
MUSCARI Mill. (Liliaceae)
* M. botryoides (L.) Mill., Grape-hyacinth
MYOSOTIS L. (Boraginacaceae)
* M. arvensis (L.) Hill, Field Forget-me-not
M. laxa Lehm., Small Forget-me-not
Myosotis macrophylla Adams = Brunnera macrophylla (Adams) I. M. Johnstonx
Myosotis micrantha of authors, not Pall. = Myosotis stricta Link ex R. & S.
Myosotis palustris Lam. = Myosotis scorpioides L.
* M. scorpioides L., European Forget-me-not
=M. palustris Lam.
* M. stricta Link ex R. & S., Forget-me-not NEW Image 2
=M. micrantha of authors, not Pall.
* M. sylvatica Hoffm., Garden Forget-me-not
M. verna Nutt., Early or Spring Forget-me-not
=M. virginica of authors, not (L.) BSP.
Myosotis virginica of authors, not (L.) BSP. = Myosotis verna Nutt.
MYOSOTON Moench (Caryophyllaceae)
* M. aquaticum (L.) Moench, Water Mouse-ear Chickweed, Giant Chickweed
=Alsine aquatica (L.) Britt.
=Cerastium aquaticum L.
=Malachium aquaticum (L.) Fries
=Stellaria aquatica (L.) Scop.
MYRICA L. (Myricaceae)
Myrica asplenifolia L. = Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult.
Myrica carolinensis of NY reports, not Mill. = Myrica pensylvanica Loisel. ex Duhamel
Myrica cerifera (of Day,1882) = Myrica pensylvanica Loisel. ex Duhamel
M. gale L., Sweet Gale, Meadow-fern
=Gale palustris (Lam.) Chev.
=Myrica gale var. subglabra (Chev.) Fern.
=M. palustris Lam.
M. pensylvanica Loisel. ex Duhamel, Bayberry, Candleberry Image 2
=Morella caroliniana Small
=Myrica carolinensis of NY reports, not Mill.
=M. cerifera (of Day, 1882)
=M. carolinensis (of authors)
Myrica palustris Lam. = Myrica gale L.
Myrica peregrina (L.) Kuntze = Comptonia peregrina (L.) Coult.
MYRIOPHYLLUM L. (Haloragaceae)
Myriophyllum exalbescens Fern. = Myriophyllum sibericum Komarov
M. heterophyllum Michx., Water Milfoil
=M. hippuroides of NY reports, not Nutt. ex Torrey & A. Gray
Myriophyllum hippuroides of NY reports, not Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray = Myriophyllum heterophyllum Michx.
M. sibericum Komarov, Water Milfoil
=M. exalbescens Fern.
=M. spicatum L.
=M. spicatum ssp. exalbescens (Fern.) Hultén
=M. spicatum var. exalbescens (Fern.) Jepson
Myriophyllum spicatum L. = Myriophyllum sibericum Komarov
Myriophyllum spicatum ssp. exalbescens (Fern.) Hultén = Myriophyllum sibericum Komarov
Myriophyllum spicatum var. exalbescens (Fern.) Jepson = Myriophyllum sibericum Komarov
M. verticillatum L., Whorled Water-milfoil
=M. verticillatum var. pectinatum Wallr.
Nabalus albus (L.) Hooker = Prenanthes alba L.
Nabalus altissimus (L.) Hooker = Prenanthes altissima L.
Nabalus crepidineus (Michx.) DC. = Prenanthes crepidinea Michx.
Nabalus trifoliolatus Cass. = Prenanthes trifoliata (Cass.) Fern.
Nabalus trifoliatus of authors = Prenanthes trifoliata (Cass.) Fern.
Nabalus trifoliatus var. dissectifolius Peck = Prenanthes trifoliata (Cass.) Fern.
Naias (orth. var.) = Najas L.
NAJAS L. (Najadaceae)
N. flexilis (Wills.) Rostk. & Schmidt, Slender Naiad, Bushy Naiad
NARCISSUS L. (Amaryllidaceae)
* N. pseudo-narcissus L., Daffodil, Trumpet Narcissus
Nardosmia palmata Hooker = Petasites frigidus var. palmatus (Ait.) Cronq.
Nardosmia japonica Siebold & Zucc. = Petasites japonicus (Siebold & Zuc.) Maxim.
Nasturtium armoracia (L.) Fries = Armoracia rusticana (Lam.) Gaertn., Mey. & Scherb.
Nasturtium lacustre A. Gray = Armoracia lacustris (A.. Gray) Al-Shehbaz & V. Bates
Nasturtium nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Karst. = Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek
Nasturtium officinale R. Br. ex Ait. = Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek
Nasturtium palustre (L.) DC. of Zander & Pierce (1979) = Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser ssp. fernaldiana (Butters & Abbe) Jonesell
Naumbergia thrysiflora (L.) Duby = Lysimachia thyrsifolia L.
Negundo negundo (L.) Karst. = Acer negundo L.
Neillia opulifolia (L.) Brew. & Wats. = Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim .
Nelumbium luteum Willd. = Nelumbo lutea (Willd.) Pers.
NELUMBO Adans. (Nymphaeaceae)
* N. lutea (Willd.) Pers., American Lotus, Yellow Lotus, Wankapin
=Nelumbium luteum Willd.
NEMOPANTHUS Raf. (Aquifoliceae)
Nemopanthus canadensis DC. = Nemopanthus mucronatus (L.) Loesener ex Koehne
N. mucronatus (L.) Loesener ex Koehne, Mountain Holly, Catberry
=N. canadensis DC.
Neobeckia aquatica (Eaton) Greene = Armoracia lacustris (A. Gray) Al-Shehbaz & V. Bates
NEPETA L. (Lamiaceae)
* N. cataria L., Catnip, Catmint Image 2 3
Nepeta glechoma Benth. = Glechoma hederacea L.
Nepeta hederacea (L.) Trev. = Glechoma hederacea L.
Nephrodium acrostichoides Michx. = Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott
Nephrodium punctilobulum Michx. = Dennstaedtia punctilobula (Michx.) Moore
Nesaea verticillata (L.) HBK = Decodon verticillatus (L.) Ell.
NICANDRA Adans. (Solanaceae)
* N. physalodes (L.) Gaertn., Apple of Peru
=Atropa pysalodes L.
=Physalodes Physalodes (L.) Britt.
NICOTIANA L. (Solanaceae)
* N. longiflora Cav., Long-flowered Tobacco
* N. rustica L., Indian Tobacco
NIGELLA L. (Ranunculaceae)
*N. damascena L., Love-in-a-mist, Fennel-flower
"Native of the Old World and frequent in cultivation. Reported by Day (Plants of Buffalo 14, 1883) as spontaneous in gardens and by Clinton (l.c.Day), as an escape." (House 1924).
Norta altissima (L.) Britt. ex Britt. & Brown = Sisymbrium altissimum L.
Notholcus lanatus (L.) Nash ex Hitchc. in Jepson
NUPHAR J. Smith ex Sibth. & Sm. (Nymphaeaceae)
N. advena (Soland. ex Ait.) R. Br. ex Ait. f., Yellow Pondlily, Yellow Cowlily, Spatterdock, Bull-head Lily.
=Nuphar fluviatile (Harper) Standl.
=N. lutea (L.) Sibth. & Sm. ssp. advena (Ait.) Kartesz & Gandhi
=N. lutea ssp. macrophylla (Small) Beal
=Nymphozanthus advena (Ait.) Fern.
=Nymphaea advena Soland. ex Ait.
Nuphar advena var. variegata (Engelm. ex Durand in Clinton) A. Gray = Nuphar variegata Engelm. ex Durand in Clinton
Nuphar fluviatile (Harper) Standl. = Nuphar advena (Soland. ex Ait.) R. Br. ex Ait. f.
Nuphar lutea (L.) Sibth. & Sm. ssp. advena (Ait.) Kartesz & Gandhi = Nuphar advena (Soland. ex Ait.) R. Br. ex Ait. f.
Nuphar lutea ssp. macrophylla (Small) Beal = Nuphar advena (Soland. ex Ait.) R. Br. ex Ait. f.
Nuphar lutea (L.) Sibth. & Sm. ssp. pumila (Timm) Beal = Nuphar microphylla (Pers.) Fern.
Nuphar lutea (L.) Sibth. & Sm. ssp. variegata (Engelm. ex Durand in Clinton) Beal = Nuphar variegata Engelm. ex Durand in Clinton
N. microphylla (Pers.) Fern., Small Yellow Pond-lily, Small Yellow Cow-lily, Dwarf Spatterdock.
=N. lutea (L.) Sibth. & Sm. ssp. pumila (Timm) Beal
=N. pumila (Timm) DC.
=Nymphaea lutea [beta sign] microphylla Pers.
=Nymphaea microphylla (Pers.) Robins. & Fern.
Nuphar pumila (Timm) DC. = Nuphar microphylla (Pers.) Fern.
N. variegata Engelm. ex Durand in Clinton, Common Yellow Cow-lily, Yellow Pond-lily, Spatterdock
=N. advena var. variegata (Engelm. ex Durand in Clinton) A. Gray
=N. lutea (L.) Sibth. & Sm. ssp. variegata (Engelm. ex Durand in Clinton) Beal
=Nymphaea advena var. variegata (Engelm. ex Durand in Clinton) Fern.
=Nymphozantus variegatus (Engelm.) Fern.
NYMPHAEA L. (Nymphaeaceae)
Nymphaea advena Soland. ex Ait. = Nuphar advena (Soland. ex Ait.) R. Br. ex Ait. f.
Nymphaea advena var. variegata (Engelm. ex Durand in Clinton) Fern. = Nuphar variegata Engelm. ex Durand in Clinton
Nymphaea lekophylla (Small) Coryl = Nymphaea odorata Dryand. ex Ait. ssp. odorata
Nymphaea lutea [beta sign] microphylla Pers. = Nuphar microphylla (Pers.) Fern.
Nymphaea microphylla (Pers.) Robins. & Fern. = Nuphar microphylla (Pers.) Fern.
N. odorata Dryand. ex Ait., Fragrant White Water-lily
ssp. odorata
=Castalia odorata (Dryand ex Ait.) Woodr. & Wood.
=C. lekophylla Small
=Nymphaea odorata var. gigantea Tricker
=N. odorata var. minor Sims
=N. odorata var. rubra Pursh
=N. lekophylla (Small) Coryl
ssp. tuberosa (Paine) Wiersma & Hellquist
=Castalia tuberosa (Paine) Greene
=Nymphaea tuberosa Paine
Nymphaea odorata var. gigantea Tricker = Nymphaea odorata Dryand. ex Ait.
Nymphaea tuberosa Paine = Nymphaea odorata Dryand. ex Ait. ssp. tuberosa (Paine) Wiersma & Hellquist
Nymphozanthus advena (Ait.) Fern. = Nuphar advena (Soland. ex Ait. R. Br. ex Ait. f.
Nymphozantus variegatus (Engelm.) Fern. = Nuphar variegata Engelm. ex Durand in Clinton
Nyssa multiflora Wang = Nyssa sylvatica Marsh.
NYSSA L. (Nyssaceae)
Nyssa multiflora Wang = Nyssa sylvatica Marsh.
N. sylvatica Marsh., Tupelo, Black Gum, Pepperidge, Sour Gum Image 2
=N. multiflora Wang
Oakesia sessilifolia (L.) S. Wats. = Uvularia sessilifolia L.
OENOTHERA L. (Onagraceae)
O. biennis L., Common Evening-Primose Image 2
=O. chrysantha Michx.
=O. biennis var. nutans (Atkins. & Bartl.) Wieg.
=O. biennis var. pycnocarpa (Atkins. & Bartl.) Wieg.
=O. biennis ssp. muricata (L.) Piper
=O. erythrosepala Borbás
=O. glazioviana Micheli
=O. muricata L.
Oenthera chrysantha Michx. = Oenothera biennis L.
Oenothera cleistantha Shull & Bartlett = Oenothera parviflora L. var. parviflora
Oenothera cruciata Nutt. ex G. Don in part, not (S. Wats.) Munz = Oenothera parviflora L. var. parviflora
Oenothera erythrosepala Borbás = Oenothera biennis L.
O. fruticosa L., Sundrops
ssp. glauca (Michx.) Straley
=Kneiffia tetragona (Roth) Pennell
=Oenothera tetragona Roth
Oenothera glazioviana Micheli = Oenothera biennis L.
O. laciniata Hill, Cut-leaved Evening-primose
=Raimannia laciniata (Hill) Rose
Oenothera muricata L. = Oenothera biennis L.
Oenothera muricata of some NY reports, not L. = Oenothera parviflora L. var. parviflora
Oenothera oakesiana (A. Gray) Robbins ex S. Wats. & Coult. = Oenothera parviflora L. var. oakesiana (A. Gray) Fern.
O. parviflora L., Small-flowered Evening-primrose
var. oakesiana (A. Gray) Fern.
=O. oakesiana (A. Gray) Robbins ex S. Wats. & Coult.
=O. parviflora ssp. angustissima (Gates) Muhz
var. parviflora
=O. cleistantha Shull & Bartlett
=O. cruciata Nutt. ex G. Don in part, not (S. Wats.) Munz
=O. muricata of some NY reports, not L.
=O. parviflora of authors, not L.
O. perennis L., Small Sundrops
=Kneiffia perennis (L.) Pennell
=Oenothera perennis var. receptilis Blake
=O. pumila L.
Oenothera perennis var. receptilis Blake = Oenothera perennis L.
* O. pilosella Raf., Prairie Sundrops
=Kneiffia pratensis Small
=Oenothera pratensis (Small) B. Robinson
Oenothera pratensis (Small) B. Robinson = Oenothera pilosella Raf.
Oenothera pumila L. = Oenothera perennis L.
Oenothera tetragona Roth = Oenothera fruiticosa L. ssp. glauca (Michx.) Straley
Oldenlandia caerulea (L.) Gray = Houstonia caerulea L.
ONOBRYCHIS P. Mill. (Fabaceae)
Onobrychis onobrychis (L.) Harst., not Rydb. = Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.
Onobrychis sativa Lam. = Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.
* O. viciifolia Scop., Sainfoin, Holly Clover
=Hedysarum onobrychis L.
=Onobrychis onobrychis (L.) Harst., not Rydb.
=O. sativa Lam.
ONOCLEA L. (Dryopteridaceae)
O. sensibilis L., Sensitive Fern Image 2
ONOPORDUM L. (Asteraceae) = Onopordon (Vaill.) L. of authors
* O. acanthium L., Scotch Thistle, Cotton-thistle
ONOSMODIUM Michx. (Boraginaceae)
Onosmodium carolinianum (of authors) = Onosmodium molle Michx. ssp. hispidissimum (Mackz.) Boivin
Onosmodium hispidissimum Mackz. = Onosmodium molle Michx. ssp. hispidissimum (Mackz.) Boivin
O. molle Michx., False Gromwell, Marble-seed, Gravel-weed
ssp. hispidissimum (Mackz.) Boivin
=O. carolinianum (of authors)
=O. hispidissimum Mackz.
=O. molle var. hispidissimum (Mackz.) Cronq.
Onosmodium molle Michx. var. hispidissimum (Mackz.) Cronq. = Onosmodium molle Michx. ssp. hispidissimum (Mackz.) Boivin
O. virginianum (L.) A. DC., Virginia False Gromwell
OPHIOGLOSSUM L. (Ophioglossaceae)
O. pusillum Raf., Adder's-tongue Fern
=O. vulgatum var. pseudopodum (S. Blake) Farw.
=O. vulgatum var. vulgatum of authors, not L.
Ophrys auriculata (Wieg.) House = Listera australis Lindl.
Oplotheca gracilis Hooker = Froelichia gracilis (Hooker) Moq.
Opulaster intermedius Rydb. ex Britt. = Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim. var. intermedius (Rydb.) Robins.
Opulaster opulifolius (L.) Kuntze = Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim. var. opulifolius
Orchis spectabilis L. = Galearis spectabilis (L.) Raf.
ORIGANUM L. (Lamiaceae)
* O. vulgare L., Wild Marjoram, Oregano
ORNITHOGALUM L. (Liliaceae)
* O. nutans L., Nodding Star of Bethlehem
* O. umbellatum L., Star of Bethlehem
Orobanche americana L. = Conopholis americana (L.) Wallr.
OROBANCHE L. (Orobanchaceae)
O. uniflora L., One-flowered Cancer-root
=Aphyllon uniflorum (L.) Torr. & Asa Gray ex Asa Gray
=Thalesia uniflora (L.) Britt.
Orobanche virginiana L. = Epifagus virginiana (L.) Bart.
ORTHILIA Raf. (Ericaceae)
O. secunda (L.) House, One-sided Pyrola
=O. secunda ssp. obtusata (Turcz.) Böcher
=O. secunda var. obtusata (Turcz.) House
=Pyrola secunda L.
=P. secunda var. obtusata Turcz.
=P. secunda var. pumila Paine
ORYZOPSIS Michx. (Poaceae)
O. asperifolia Michx., Mountain-rice, Spreading Ricegrass, Whitegrass
Oryzopsis canadensis sensu Torrey's Flora of NY, not (Poir.) Trin. = Oryzopsis pungens (Torr. ex Spreng.) Hitchc.
Oryzopsis melanocarpa Muhl. = Oryzopsis racemosa (Sm.) Ricker ex Hitchc.
O. pungens (Torr. ex Spreng.) Hitchc., Slender Mountain-rice
=O. canadensis sensu Torrey's Flora of NY, not (Poir.) Trin.
O. racemosa (Sm.) Ricker ex Hitchc., Black-fruited Mountain-rice
=O. melanocarpa Muhl.
OSMORHIZA Raf. (Apiaceae)
Osmorhiza brevistylis DC. = Osmorhiza claytonii (Michx.) Clarke
O. claytonii (Michx.) Clarke, Hairy Sweet Cicely, Sweet Jarvil
=O. brevistylis DC.
O. longistylis (Torr.) DC., Long-styled Sweet Cicely
=O. longistylis varieties of NY reports
=O. longistylis var. brachycoma Blake
OSMUNDA L. (Osmundaceae)
O. cinnamomea L., Cinnamon Fern
O. claytoniana L., Interrupted Fern
O. regalis L., Royal Fern, Flowering Fern
var. spectabilis (Willd.) A. Gray
=O. spectabilis Willd.
Osmunda spectabilis Willd. = Osmunda regalis L., var. spectabilis (Willd.) A. Gray
Osmunda struthiopteris L. = Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro
Osteospermum canadense (L.) House = Polymnia canadensis L.
Osteospermum uvedalia L. = Polymnia uvedalia (L.) L.
OSTRYA Scop. (Betulaceae)
O. virginiana (Mill.) K. Koch, Hop- or American-Hornbeam, Ironwood, Blue Beech, Water-Beech, Musclewood Image 2
=Carpinus virginiana Mill.
=Ostrya virginiana var. glandulosa Sarg.
=O. virginiana var. lasia Fern.
OXALIS L. (Oxalidaceae)
Oxalis acetosella of American authors, not L. = Oxalis montana Raf.
Oxalis acetosella var. montana (Raf.) Hultén ex D. Löve = Oxalis montana Raf.
Oxalis bushii (Small) Small = Oxalis stricta L.
* O. corniculata L., Creeping Yellow Wood-sorrel, Lady's Sorrel
=O. repens Thunb.
=O. corniculata var. viscidula Wieg.
Oxalis europaea Jord. = Oxalis stricta L.
Oxalis fontana Bunge = Oxalis stricta L.
O. montana Raf., Common Wood-sorrel, American Shamrock
=O. acetosella of American authors, not L.
=O. acetosella var. montana (Raf.) Hultén ex D. Löve
=O. montana Raf.
Oxalis oneidica House = Oxalis stricta L.
Oxalis repens Thunb. = Oxalis corniculata L.
Oxalis rufa Small ex Britt. = Oxalis stricta L.
O. stricta L., Upright Yellow Wood-sorrel
=O. bushii (Small) Small
=O. europaea Jord.
=O. fontana Bunge
=O. oneidica House
=O. rufa Small ex Britt.
O. violacea L., Violet Wood-sorrel
Oxybaphus nyctagineus (Michx.) Sweet = Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacM.
Oxycoccus macrocarpus (Ait.) Pursh = Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.
OXYPOLIS Raf. (Apiaceae)
O. rigidior (L.) Raf., Cowbane, Water-dropwort
=O. rigidior var. longifolius (Pursh) Britt.
=O. turgida Small
PANAX L. (Araliaceae)
P. quinquefolius L., Ginseng, Sang
=Aralia quinquefolia (L.) Dec.& Planche.
P. trifolius L., Dwarf Ginseng, Ground-nut
=Aralia trifolia (L.) Dec. & Planch
Panicularia borealis Nash = Glyceria borealis (Nash) Batchelder
Panicularia canadensis (Michx.) Kuntze = Glyceria canadensis (Michx.) Trin.
Panicularia grandis (S. Wats.) Nash = Glyceria grandis S. Wats.
Panicularia melicaria (Michx.) Hitchc. = Glyceria melicaria (Michx.) Hubbard
Panicularia nervata (Willd.) Kuntze = Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchc.
Panicularia septentrionalis (Hitchc.) Bickn. = Glyceria septentrionalis Hitchc.
PANICUM L. (Poaceae)
P. acuminatum Sw. (sensu lato), Panic Grass
=Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & Clark
=Panicum auburne Ashe
=P. huachucae Ashe
=P. huachucae var. sylvicola Hitch. & Chase
=P. implicatum Scribn.
=P. lanuginosum Ell., in part
=P. lanuginosum var. fasciculatum (Torr.) Fern.
=P. lanuginosum var. implicatum (Scribn.) Fern.
=P. lanuginosum var. lindheimeri (Nash) Fern.
=P. lanuginosum var. septentrionale Fern.
=P. lindheimeri Nash
=P. lindheimeri var. fasciculatum (Torr.) Fern.
=P. lindheimeri var. implicatum (Scribn.) Fern.
=P. lindheimeri Nash var. lindheimeri (Nash) Fern.
=P. lindheimeri var. septentrionale Fern.
=P. meridionale Ashe
=P. nitidum Lam.
=P. spretum Schultes
=P. subvillosum Ashe
=P. tennesseense Nash
=P. villosissimum Nash
=P. wrightianum Scribn.
Panicum agrostoides Spreng. = Panicum rigidulum Bosc ex Nees
Panicum annulum Ashe = Panicum dichotomum L.
Panicum ashei Pearson ex Ashe = Panicum commutatum Schultes
Panicum auburne Ashe = Panicum acuminatum Sw.
Panicum barbipulvinatum Nash = Panicum capillare L.
Panicum barbulatum Michx. = Panicum dichotomum L.
Panicum bicknellii var. calliphyllum (Ashe) Gleason = Panicum boreale Nash
P. boreale Nash, Northern Panic Grass NEW
=P. bicknellii var. calliphyllum (Ashe) Gleason
=P. calliphyllum Ashe
Panicum boscii Poir. ex Lam. = Panicum latifolium L.
Panicum calliphyllum Ashe = Panicum boreale Nash
P. capillare L., Witchgrass
=P. capillare varieties of NY reports
=P. barbipulvinatum Nash
P. clandestinum L., Deer-tongue Grass
=Dichanthelium clandestinum (L.) Gould
=Panicum latifolium L. var. clandestinum (L.) Pursh
Panicum clutei Nash = Panicum dichotomum L.
P. commutatum Schultes, Ashe's Panic-grass
=Dichanthelium commutatum (Schultes) Gould
=Panicum ashei Pearson ex Ashe
=P. commutatum var. ashei (Pearson ex Ashe) Fern.
=P. umbrosum Le Conte
Panicum crusgalli L. = Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv. ssp. crusgalli
P. depauperatum Muhl., Starved Panic-grass
=Dichanthelium depauperatum (Muhl.) Gould
=Panicum depauperatum var. psilophyllum Fern.
=P. depauperatum var. involutum (Torr.) A. Wood
Panicum depauperatum var. psilophyllum Fern. = Panicum depauperatum Muhl.
P. dichotomiflorum Michx., Spreading Witch-grass, Smooth Panic Grass, Fall Panic Grass, Fall Panicum
var. dichotomiflorum
=P. dichotomiflorum var. geniculatum (Wood) Fern.
Panicum dichotomiflorum var. geniculatum (Wood) Fern. = Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx.
P. dichotomum L., Forked Panic-grass
=Dichanthelium dichotomum (L.) Gould
=P. annulum Ashe
=P. barbulatum Michx.
=P. dichotomum var. barbulatum (Michx.) Wood
=P. clutei Nash
=P. lucidum Ashe
=P. mattamuskeetense Ashe
=P. microcarpon Muhl. ex Ell.
=P. nitidum Lam.
P. flexile (Gatt.) Scribn., Wiry Witch-grass, Panic-grass
P. gattingeri Nash, Gattinger's Witch-grass
=P. capillare var. campestre Gatt.
Panicum glabrum (Schrad.) Gaud. = Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb. ex Schweig.) Schreb. ex Muhl.
Panicum huachucae Ashe = Panicum acuminatum Sw.
Panicum huachucae var. sylvicola Hitch. & Chase = Panicum acuminatum Sw.
Panicum implicatum Scribn. = Panicum acuminatum Sw.
Panicum lanuginosum Ell., in part = Panicum acuminatum Sw.
Panicum lanuginosum var. fasciculatum (Torr.) Fern. = Panicum acuminatum Sw.
Panicum lanuginosum var. implicatum (Scribn.) Fern. = Panicum acuminatum Sw.
Panicum lanuginosum var. lindheimeri (Nash) Fern. = Panicum acuminatum Sw.
Panicum lanuginosum Ell. var. praecocius (Hitchc. & Chase) Dore = Panicum villosissimum Nash
Panicum lanuginosum var. septentrionale Fern. = Panicum acuminatum Sw.
P. latifolium L., Broad-leaved Panic-grass
=Dichanthelium latifolium (L.) Gould & C. Clark
=P. boscii Poir. ex Lam.
Panicum lindheimeri var fasciculatum (Torr.) Fern. = Panicum acuminatum Sw.
Panicum lindheimeri var. implicatum (Scribn.) Fern. = Panicum acuminatum Sw.
Panicum lindheimeri var. lindheimeri Nash = Panicum acuminatum Sw.
Panicum lindheimeri var. septentrionale Fern. = Panicum acuminatum Sw.
P. linearifolium Scribn. ex Nash in Britt. & Brown, Low White-haired Panic-grass
=Dichanthelium linearifolium (Scribn. ex Nash) Gould
=Panicum linearifolium var. werneri (Scribn.) Fern.
=P. perlongum Nash
=P. werneri Scribn.
Panicum longifolium Torr. = Panicum rigidulum Bosc. ex Nees
Panicum lucidum Ashe = Panicum dichotomum L.
Panicum macrocarpon Torr. = Panicum oligosanthes Schult.
Panicum mattamuskeetense Ashe = Panicum dichotomum L.
Panicum microcarpon Muhl. ex Ell. = Panicum dichotomum L.
* P. miliaceum L., Broomcorn-millet, Proso
Panicum nitidum Lam. = Panicum dichotomum L.
P. oligosanthes Schult., Few-flowered Panic-grass
var. scribnerianum (Nash) Fern.
=P. scribnerianum Nash
=P. macrocarpon Torr. of Zander and Pierce (1979)
Panicum perlongum Nash = Panicum linearifolium Scribn. ex Nash in Britt. & Brown
* P. philadelphicum Bernh., Wood Witch-grass, Philadelphia Witch-grass
Panicum praecocius Hitchc. & Chase = Panicum villosissimum Nash
Panicum pseudopubescens Nash = Panicum villosissimum Nash
P. rigidulum Bosc ex Nees, Redtop Panic-grass
var. rigidulum
=P. agrostoides Spreng.
Panicum sanguinale L. = Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.
P. sphaerocarpon Ell., Round-fruited Panic-grass
var. sphaerocarpon
Panicum tennesseense Nash = Panicum acuminatum Sw.
Panicum umbrosum Le Conte = Panicum commutatum Schultes
P. villosissimum Nash, Panic Grass NEW
=Dichanthelium villosissimum (Nash) Freckman var. praecocius (Hitchc. & Chase) Freckmann
=Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & Clark var. villosum (Gray) Gould & Clark
=Panicum lanuginosum Ell. var. praecocius (Hitchc. & Chase) Dore
=P. praecocius Hitchc. & Chase
=P. pseudopubescens Nash
P. virgatum L., Switch-grass
var. virgatum
=P. virgatum var. cubense Griseb.
Panicum werneri Scribn. = Panicum linearifolium Scribn. ex Nash
Panicum xalapense HBK = Panicum laxiflorum Lam. (excluded by Zander & Pierce 1979)
P. xanthophysum A. Gray, Slender Panic-grass
=Dichanthelium xanthophysum (A. Gray) Freckman
PAPAVER L. (Papaveraceae)
* P. rhoeas L., Corn Poppy, Shirley Poppy, Field Poppy
* P. somniferum L., Opium Poppy
PARNASSIA L. (Saxifragaceae)
Parnassia americana Muhl. = Parnassia glauca Raf.
Parnassia caroliniana of NY reports, not Michx. = Parnassia glauca Raf.
P. glauca Raf., Grass-of-Parnassus Image 2
=P. americana Muhl.
=P. caroliniana of NY reports, not Michx.
=P. palustris of NY report, not L.
Parnassia palustris of NY report, not L. = Parnassia glauca Raf.
Parsonsia petiolata (L.) Rusby = Cuphea viscosissima Jacq.
PARONYCHIA (Caryophyllaceae)
P. fastigiata (Raf.) Fern., Forked Chickweed NEW
=Anychia divaricata Raf.
=A. polygonoides Raf.
=Paronychia fastigiata var. nuttallii of NY reports, not (Small) Fern.
PARTHENIUM L. (Asteraceae)
P. integrifolium L., Wild Quinine NEW NEW
PARTHENOCISSUS Planch. ex DC. (Vitaceae)
Parthenocissus inserta (Knerr) Fritsch = Parthenocissus vitacea (L.) Planch. ex DC.
P. quinquefolia (L.) Planch. ex DC., Virginia Creeper, Woodbine
=Ampelopsis quinquefolia (L.) Michx.
=Parthenocissus quinquefolia var. hirsuta Pursh
=Psedera quinquefolia (L.) Greene
=P. quinquefolia var. hirsuta (Pursh) B. Robinson
* P. tricuspidata (Sieb. & Zucc.) Planch. ex DC., Boston Ivy, Japanese Ivy, Cottage Ivy NEW
P. vitacea (L.) Planch. ex DC., Discless Virginia Creeper, Woodbine
=P. inserta (Knerr) Fritsch
PASCOPYRUM A. Löve (Poaceae)
* P. smithii (Rydb.) A. Löve, Blue-joint, Western Wheat-grass
=Agropyron smithii Rydb.
PASTINACA L. (Apiaceae)
* P. sativa L., Parsnip Image 2 3
PEDICULARIS L. (Scrophulariaceae)
P. canadensis L., Common Lousewort, Wood-betony
=P. canadensis var. dobbsii Fern.
P. lanceolata Michx., Swamp Lousewort, Wood-betony
PELLAEA Link (Pteridaceae)
P. atropurpurea (L.) Link, Purple Cliff-brake
=Allosorus atropurpureus (L.) Kunze ex Presl
=Pellaea atropurpurea var. cristata Trel.
P. glabella Mett. ex Kuhn, Smooth Cliff-brake
=P. atropurpurea var. bushii Mackz.
PELTANDRA Raf. (Araceae)
P. virginica (L.) Schott ex Schott & Endl. (not Kunth) Green Water-arum, Arrowleaf, Tuckahoe
PENSTEMON Mitchell ex Schmid. (Scrophulariaceae)
* P. calycosus Small, Penstemon, Beard-tongue NEW
=P. laevigatus Ait. var. calycosus (Small) Bennett
P. digitalis Nutt., Foxglove Beard-tongue
=P. laevigatus of NY reports, not Ait.
=P. laevigatus var. digitalis (Nutt.) Gray
=P. penstemon of NY reports, not (L.) Britt.
P. hirsutus (L.) Willd., Hairy Beard-tongue Image 2
=P. pubescens Ait.
Penstemon laevigatus var. digitalis (Nutt.) Gray = Penstemon digitalis Nutt.
(* )P. pallidus Small, Pale Beard-tongue
=P. canescens Britt.
Penstemon penstemon of NY reports, not (L.) Britt. = Penstemon digitalis Nutt.
Penstemon pubescens Ait. = Penstemon hirsutus (L.) Willd.
Pentaphylloides floribunda (Pursh) A.Löve = Potentilla fruticosa ssp. floribunda (Pursh) Elkington
PENTHORUM L. (Crassulaceae)
P. sedoides L., Ditch Stoncrop
Pentstemon (orth. var.) = Penstemon
Pepo moschatus (Dcne. ex Lam.) Britt. =
Cucurbita pepo L.
Pepo pepo (L.) Britt. ex Small =
Cucurbita pepo L.
Pepo vulgaris (L.) Moench = Cucurbita pepo L.
Peramium pubescens (Willd.) Macm. = Goodyera pubescens (Willd.) R. Br.
Peramium repens (L.) Salisb. = Goodyera repens (L.) R. Br.
Peramium secundum (Raf.) House = Goodyera repens (L.) R. Br.
PERIPLOCA L. (Asclepiadaceae)
* P. graeca L., Silky-vine
Persicaria amphibia (L.) S. Gray = Polygonum amphibium L.
Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Opiz. = Polygonum hydropiper L.
Persicaria hydropiperoides (Michx.) Small = Polygonum hydropiperoides Michx. var. hydropiperoides
Persicaria orientalis (L.) Spach = Polygonum orientale L.
Persicaria pensylvanica (L.) Small = Polygonum pensylvanicum L.
Persicaria persicaria (L.) Small = Polygonum persicaria L.
Persicaria punctata (Ell.) Small = Polygonum punctatum Ell. var. punctatum
Persicaria robustior (Small) Bickn. = Polygonum robustius (Small) Fern.
Persicaria setacea (Baldw. ex Ell.) Small = Polygonum setaceum Baldw. ex Ell. var. interjectum Fern.
Perularia flava (L.) Farw. of NY reports = Platanthera flava (L.) Lindl. var. herbiola (R. Br.) Luer
PETASITES Mill. (Asteraceae)
P. frigidus (L.) Fries, Sweet Coltsfoot
var. palmatus (Ait.) Cronq.
=Nardosmia palmata Hooker
=Petasites palmatus (Ait.) A. Gray ex Brew. & Watson
=P. vitifolius E. Greene (Morton & Venn (1990), s.l.
=Tussilago frigida L. (Morton & Venn (1990), s.l.
* P. hybridus (L.) Gaertn., Mey & Scherb., Butterfly Dock Image 2 Image 3
=P. vulgaris Hill
Petasites hybridus as to ON reports, not of (L.) P. Gaertner, Meyer & Scherb. = Petasites japonicus (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim. ( Morton & Venn (1990).
*P. japonicus (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim., Japanese Butterflydock, reports from Dufferin Islands, Niagara Falls, Ontario. Image 2 Image 3
=Nardosmia
japonica Siebold & Zucc.
=Petasites hybridus as to ON reports, not of (L.) P. Gaertner, Meyer & Scherb.
=P. vulgaris as to ON reports, not of Hill
Petasites palmatus (Ait.) A. Gray ex Brew. & Watson = Petasites frigidus (L.) Fries var. palmatus (Ait.) Cronq., s.l.
Petasites vitifolius E. Greene, sec. Morton & Venn (1990) = Petasites frigidus (L.) Fries, s.l.
Petasites vulgaris Hill = Petasites hybridus (L.) Gaertn., Mey. & Scherb.
Petasites vulgaris as to ON reports, not of Hill = Petasites japonicus (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim., sec. Morton & Venn (1990).
Phaca canadensis (L.) Kuntze = Astragalus canadensis L.
Phaca neglecta Torr. & Gray = Astragalus neglectus Torr. & Gray
PHALARIS L. (Poaceae)
P. arundinacea L., Reed Canary-grass
=P. arundinacea var. picta L.
* P. canariensis L., Canary-grass
Pharbitis purpurea (L.) Voigt = Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth
PHEGOPTERIS Fée (Thelypteridaceae)
P. connectilis (Michx.) Watt, Northern Beech-fern
=Dryopteris phegopteris (L.) Christ.
=Phegopteris polypodioides Fée
=Phegopteris polypodioides Fee
=Polypodium connectile Michx.
=P. phegopteris L.
=Thelypteris phegopteris (L.) Slosson ex Rydb.
Phegopteris dryopteris (L.) Fee = Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newm.
P. hexagonoptera (Michx.) Fée, Broad Beech-fern
=Dryopteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) Christ.
= Polypodium hexagonopterum Michx.
=Thelypteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) Nieul.
Phegopteris polypodioides Fee = Phegopteris connectilis (Michx.) Watt
PHILADELPHUS L. (Hydrangeaceae)
* P. coronarius L., Garden Syringa, European Mock-Orange NEW
Philotria canadensis (L. Rich. ex Michx.) Britt. = Elodea canadensis Rich. ex Michx.
Philotria occidentalis (Pursh) House = Elodea canadensis Rich. ex Michx.
Philotria planchonii (Casp.) Rydb. = Elodea canadensis Rich. ex Michx.
PHLEUM L. (Poaceae)
* P. pratense L., Timothy
* ssp. pratense
Phleum pratense var. nodosum (L.) Huds. = Phleum pratense L. ssp. nodosum (L.) Arcang.
PHLOX L. (Polemoniaceae)
P. divaricata L., Blue Phlox, Wild Sweet-william
Phlox divaricata var. lamphamii Wood (excluded by Zander & Pierce, 1979)
P. maculata L., Wild Sweet William
=P. maculata var. candida Michx.
* P. paniculata L., Garden Phlox, Fall or Summer Phlox, Perennial Phlox
P. pilosa L., Downy Phlox
=P. pilosa var. virens (Michx.) Wherry
* P. subulata L., Moss Pink, Moss Phlox, Mountain Phlox
PHRAGMITES Adans. (Poaceae)
(* )P. australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud., Common Reed-grass
=P. communis Trin.
Phragmites communis Trin. = Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.
PHRYMA L. (Verbenaceae)
P. leptostachya L., Lopseed
=P. leptostachya var. confertifolia Fern.
Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newm. = Asplenium scolopendrium L. var. americanum (Fern.) Kartesz & Gandhi
Phyllitis scolopendrium var. americanum Fern. = Asplenium scolopendrium L. var. americanum (Fern.) Kartesz & Gandhi
PHYSALIS L. (Solanaceae)
* P. alkekengi L., Chinese Lantern, Japanese-lantern, Winter-cherry, Alkekengi, Strawberry tomato Image 2
P. heterophylla Nees, Clammy Ground-cherry Image 2
=P. heterophylla var. ambigua (A. Gray) Rydb. of Zander & Pierce 1979
=P. heterophylla var. nyctaginea (Dunal) Rydb.
=P. viscosa of local authors)
P. longifolia Nutt., Long-leaf Ground-cherry
=P. subglabrata Mackz.& Bush
=P. virginiana var. subglabrata (Mackz. & Bush) Waterfall
P. pubescens L., Tall Hairy Ground Cherry, Strawberry Tomato, Dwarf Cape Gooseberry, Husk-tomato
var. integrifolia (Dunal) Waterfall
=P. pruinosa of NY reports, not L.
Physalis subglabrata Mackz.& Bush = Physalis longifolia Nutt.
Physalis virginiana var. subglabrata (Mackz. & Bush) Waterfall = Physalis longifolia Nutt.
Physalis viscosa (of authors) = Physalis heterophylla Nees
Physalis viscosa L. - excluded by Zander & Pierce, 1979; no confirmed Ontario report (Morton & Venn, 1990).
Physalodes physalodes (L.) Britt. = Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertn.
PHYSOCARPUS Maxim. (Rosaceae)
P. opulifolius (L.) Maxim., Nine-bark
var. intermedius (Rydb.) Robins. Hairy-fruited Nine-bark
=Opulaster intermedius Rydb. ex Britt.
var. opulifolius
=Neillia opulifolia (L.) Brew.& Wats.
=Opulaster opulifolius (L.) Kuntze
=Spiraea opulifolia L.
PHYSOSTEGIA Benth. (Lamiaceae)
P. virginiana (L.) Benth., False Dragon-head, Obedient Plant
=Dracocephalum formosius (Lunnell) Rydb.
=D. speciosum Sweet
=D. virginianum L.
=Physostegia virginiana varieties
=Ph. formosius Lunell
Physostegia formosius Lunell = Physostegia virginiana (L.) Benth.
PHYTOLACCA L. (Phytolaccaceae)
P. americana L., Pokeweed, Poke, Pokeberry, Scoke, Pigeonberry Image 2 3 4
=P. decandra L.
Phytolacca decandra L. = Phytolacca americana L.
PICEA Dietr. (Pinaceae)
Picea alba Link = Picea glauca (Moench) Voss
Picea canadensis (Mill.) BSP. = Picea glauca (Moench) Voss
[Picea glauca (Moench) Voss of Clinton's Journal (1864)]
=Abies alba Michx.
=Picea alba Link
=Picea Canadensis (Mill.) BSP.
P. mariana (Mill) BSP., Black Spruce, Bog Spruce Image 2
=Abies nigra Poir. of Clinton's Journal (1864)
=P. nigra (Ait.) Link
Picea nigra (Ait.) Link = Picea mariana (Mill.) BSB
PICRIS L. (Asteraceae)
* P. echioides L., Ox-tongue
* P. hieracioides L., Hawkweed Picris, Ox-tongue
PILEA Lindl. (Urticaceae)
P. fontana (Lunnell) Rydb., Clearweed
=Adicia fontana Lunell
P. pumila (L.) A. Gray, Clearweed, Richweed, Coolwort
=Adicia pumila (L.) Raf.
=Pilea pumila var. deamii (Lunell) Fern.
PIMPINELLA L. (Apiaceae)
Pimpinella integerrima (L.) Gray = Taenidia integerrima (L.) Drude
* P. saxifraga L., Burnet Saxifrage
PINGUICULA L. (Lentibulariaceae)
P. vulgaris L., Butterwort, Bog-violet
PINUS L. (Pinaceae)
* P. banksiana Lamb., Jack Pine
P. resinosa Soland., Red Pine, Norway Pine
P. strobus L., White Pine
* P. sylvestris L., Scotch Pine
PISUM L. (Fabaceae)
Pisum maritimum L. = Lathyrus japonicus Willd. var. maritimus (L.) Kartesz & Gandhi
* P. sativum L., Common, Garden, Green or Field Pea NEW
PLANTAGO L. (Plantaginaceae)
Plantago arenaria Waldst. & Kit. = Plantago psyllium L.
* P. aristata Michx., Bracted Plantago, Rat-tail Plantain, Western Ripplegrass
P. cordata Lam., Heart-leaved Plantain NEW
Plantago indica L., a nomen illeg. = Plantago psyllium L.
Plantago kamtschatica (of Day, 1882) = Plantago rugelii Dcne.
* P. lanceolata L., English Plantain, Buck-horn Plantain, Rib-grass, Ripplegrass, Ribwort, Narrow-leaf Plantain Image 2
=P. lanceolata var. sphaerostachya Mert. & Koch
Plantago lanceolata var. sphaerostachya Mert. & Koch = Plantago lanceolata L.
* P. major L., Broad-leaved Plantain, Common Plantain, Door-yard Plantain, Car(t)-Track Plant, White-man's Foot
=P. major var. asiatica of authors, not (L.) Dcne. ex DC.
=P. major var. intermedia (Gilib.) Dcne. ex DC., not Pilger
=P. major var. pachyphila Pilger
* P. psyllium L., Flaxseed Plantain, Fleawort, Psyllium
=P. arenaria Waldst. & Kit.
=P. indica L., a nomen illeg.
=P. psyllium L., a nomen ambiguum
P. rugelii Dcne.,Rugel's Plantain, Pale Plantain, Grand Plantain, White-Man's foot
=P. kamtschatica (of Day, 1882)
P. virginica L., Dwarf Plantain
PLATANTHERA L. Rich. (Orchidaceae)
P. blephariglottis (Willd.) Lindl., White Fringed Orchid
=Blephariglottis blephariglottis (Willd.) Rydb. ex Britt.
=Habenaria blephariglottis (Willd.) Hook.
=Habenaria blephariglottis var. holopetala (Lindl.) Gray
Platanthera bracteata of Clinton's collecting journal = Coeloglossum viride (L.) Hartm.
P. clavellata (Michx.) Luer, Green Woodland Orchid
=Gymnadeniopsis clavellata (Michx.) Rydb. ex Britt.
=Habenaria clavellata (Michx.) Spreng.
P. dilatata (Pursh) Lindl. ex Beck, Tall Leafy White Orchid, Bog-candle
=Habenaria dilatata (Pursh) Hook.
=H. dilatata var. media (Rydb.) Ames
=Limnorchis dilatata (Pursh) Rydb. ex Britt.
=L. dilatata var. linearifolius Rybd.
P. flava (L.) Lindl., Grass-green Orchid
var. herbiola (R. Br.) Luer
=Habenaria flava (L.) R. Br. var. herbiola (R. Br.) Ames & Correll
=H. flava var. virescens (Muhl. ex Willd.) Fern.
=H. herbiola R. Br.
=H. virescens Muhl. ex Willd.
=Perularia flava (L.) Farw. of NY reports
=Tulotis herbiola (R. Br.) Raf.
P. grandiflora (Bigel.) Lindl., Large Purple-fringed Orchid
=Blephariglottis grandiflora (Bigel.) Rydb. ex Britt.
=Habenaria fimbriata (Dryand. ex Ait.) R. Br.
=H. peramoena of some NY reports, not A. Gray (see P. peramoena below)
=H. psycodes var. grandiflora (Bigel.) Gray
P. hookeri (Torr. ex A. Gray) Lindl., Hooker's Orchid
=Habenaria hookeri Torr. ex A. Gray
=Lysias hookeri (Torr. ex A. Gray) Rydb. ex Britt.
=L. hookeri of authors
P. hyperborea (L.) Lindl., Northern Leafy Green Orchid
=Habenaria hyperborea (L.) R. Br.
=Limnorchis hyperborea (L.) Rydb. ex Britt.
P. lacera (Michx.) G. Don, Ragged Fringed Orchid
=Blephariglottis lacera (Michx.) Farw.
=Habenaria lacera (Michx.) R. Br.
P. leucophaea (Nutt.) Lindl., Eastern Prairie Fringed Orchid NEW
=Blephariglottis leucophaea (Nutt.) Farw.
=Habenaria leucophaea (Nutt.) A. Gray
P. macrophylla (Goldie) P. M. Brown, Large Round-leaf Orchid, Pad-leaf NEW
=Habenaria macrophylla Goldie
=Lysias macrophylla (Goldie) House
=Platanthera orbiculata var. macrophylla (Goldie) Luer
P. orbiculata (Pursh) Lindl., Round-leaved Orchid
=Habenaria orbiculata (Pursh) Torr.
=Lysias orbiculata (Pursh) Rydb. ex Britt.
Platanthera peramoena A. Gray, excluded: original report due to an
error of transcription by Day (1882), and corrected in that
publication (see Zenkert, 1934, p. 131). Mitchell and Tucker (1997)
indicate NY reports of P. peramoena are either Platanthera
grandiflora (Bigel.) Lindl. or, less often, P. psycodes (L.) Lindl.
P. psycodes (L.) Lindl., Small Purple-fringed Orchid
=Blephariglottis psycodes (L.) Rydb. ex Britt.
=Habenaria peramoena of some NY reports, not A. Gray
=H. psycodes (L.) Spreng.
PLATANUS L. (Platanaceae)
P. occidentalis L., Sycamore, Plane-tree, Buttonwood
POA L. (Poaceae)
P. alsodes A. Gray, Grove Meadow-grass, Speargrass, Woodland Bluegrass
=Poa paludigena of Ontario reports (Morton & Venn 1990).
* P. annua L., Spear-grass, Annual Bluegrass
* P. chapmaniana Scribn., Chapman's Blue-grass
* P. compressa L., Canada Blue-grass, Wiregrass
Poa debilis Torr., not Thuill. = Poa saltuensis Fern. & Wieg.
P. languida Hitchc., Weak Spear Grass
P. nemoralis L., Wood Bluegrass NEW
Poa paludigena of Ontario reports = Poa alsodes A. Gray (Morton & Venn 1990).
P. palustris L., Fowl Meadow Grass, Fowl Bluegrass
=P. serotina Ehrh.
* P. pratensis L., Kentucky Blue-grass, June-grass
=P. angustifolia L.
=P. pratensis ssp. angustifolia (L.) Gaudin
P. saltuenis Fern. & Wieg., Bushy-pasture Spear-grass, Old-pasture Bluegrass
=P. debilis Torr., not Thuill.
Poa serotina Ehrh. = Poa palustris L.
P. sylvestris A. Gray, Sylvan Spear-grass, Woodland Bluegrass
* P. trivialis L., Rough-stalked Meadow-grass, Rough Blue-grass
PODOPHYLLUM L. (Berberidaceae)
P. peltatum L., May-apple, Wild Mandrake Image 2 3
POGONIA Juss. (Orchidaceae)
P. ophioglossoides (L.) Juss., Rose Pogonia, Snake's Mouth
Pogonia pendula (Nutt.) Lindl. = Triphora trianthophora (Sw.) Rydb.
Pogonia trianthophora (Sw.) BSP. = Triphora trianthophora (Sw.) Rydb.
Pogonia verticillata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Nutt. = Isotria verticillata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Raf.
Poinsettia dentata (Michx.) Klotzsch & Garcke = Euphorbia dentata Michx.
POLANISIA Raf. (Capparidaceae)
P. dodecandra (L.) DC., Clammyweed
=Jacksonia trifoliata Raf.
=Polanisia graveolens Raf.
=P. dodecandra ssp. trachysperma of NY reports, not (Torr. & A. Gray) Iltis
=P. trachysperma of NY reports, not Torr. & A. Gray
Polanisia graveolens Raf. = Polanisia dodecandra (L.) DC.
Polanisia trachysperma of NY reports, not Torr. & A. Gray = Polanisia dodecandra (L.) DC.
POLEMONIUM L. (Polemoniaceae)
Polemonium coeruleum Gray, not L. = Polemonium van-bruntiae Britt.
Polemonium caeruleum ssp. vanbruntiae (Britt.) Davidson = Polemonium van-bruntiae Britt
P. reptans L., Greek Valerian, Polemony, Jacob's Ladder
P. van-bruntiae Britt., American Jacob's Ladder, Greek Valerian, Charity
=P. caeruleum ssp. vanbruntiae (Britt.) Davidson
-P. coeruleum Gray, not L.
POLYGALA L. (Polygalaceae)
Polygala ambigua Nutt. = Polygala verticillata L. var. ambigua (Nutt.) Wood
P. incarnata L., Pink Milkwort
P. paucifolia Wild., Fringed Polygala, Gay-wings, Flowering Wintergreen, Bird-on-the-Wing Image 2
P. polygama Walt., Racemed Milkwort, Bitter Milkwort
=P. polygama var. obtusata Chodat
Polygala pretzii Pennell = Polygala verticillata L. var. verticillata
* P. sanguinea L., Purple Milkwort, Rose Milkwort, Field Milkwort
=P. viridescens L.
P. senega L., Seneca Snakeroot, Mountain Flax Image 2
=P. senega var. latifolia Torr. & A. Gray
P. verticillata L., Whorled Milkwort
var. verticillata
=P. pretzii Pennell
Polygala viridescens L. = Polygala sanguinea L.
POLYGONATUM Mill. (Liliaceae)
P. biflorum (Walt.) Ell., Small Solomon's-seal
=P. canaliculatum of authors, not (Muhl.) Pursh
Polygonatum biflorum var. commutatum (Schultes & Schultes) Morong = Polygonatum commutatum (Schultes & Schultes) A. Dietr.
Polygonatum biflorum var. hebetifolium Gates = Polygonatum commutatum (Schultes & Schultes) A. Dietr.
Polygonatum canaliculatum of authors, not (Muhl.) Pursh = Polygonatum biflorum (Walt.) Ell.
P. commutatum (Schultes & Schultes) A. Dietr., Great Solomon's Seal
=P. biflorum var. commutatum (Schultes & Schultes) Morong
=P. biflorum var. hebetifolium Gates
=P. giganteum Dietr.
Polygonatum giganteum A. Dietr. = Polygonatum commutatum (Schultes & Schultes) A. Dietr.
P. pubescens (Willd.) Pursh, Downy Solomon's-seal
POLYGONUM L. (Polygonaceae)
(* ?) P. achoreum Blake, Homeless Knotweed
Polygonum acre HBK = Polygonum punctatum Ell. var. punctatum
P. amphibium L., Swamp Smartweed, Water Smartweed, Amphibious Smartweed
=Persicaria amphibia (L.) S. Gray
var. emersum Michx.
=P. coccineum Muhl. ex Willd.
=P. coccineum var. terrestre Willd.
=P. inundatum Raf.
=P. muhlenbergii S. Wats.
P. amphibium L., Water Smartweed, Amphibious Smartweed
var. emersum Michx., Swamp Smartweed
=P. amphibium var. terrestre A. Gray, not Leers, nor Leyss.
=P. coccineum Muhl. ex Willd.
var. emersum x stipulaceum
=P. hartwrightii A. Gray
var. stipulaceum Colem. [not (Colem.) Fern.], Floating Smartweed
=P. fluitans Eat.
=P. natans Eat.
=P. amphibium var. amphibium of North American reports, not L.
=P. amphibium var. aquaticum Torr.
=P. amphibium var. natans Michx.
Polygonum amphibium var. amphibium of North American reports, not L. = Polygonum amphibium var. stipulaceum Colem.
Polygonum amphibium var. natans Michx. = Polygonum var. stipulaceum Colem. [not (Colem.) Fern.]
Polygonum amphibium var. terrestre A. Gray, not Leers, nor Leyss. = Polygonum amphibium var. emersum Michx.
P. arifolium L., Halberd-leaved Tear-thumb
=P. arifolium var. pubescens (Keller) Fern.
=Tracaulon arifolium (L.) Small
Polygonum atlanticum (B. Robinson) Bickn. = Polygonum ramosissimum Michx. var. prolificum Small
P. aviculare L., Common Knotweed
=P. aviculare var. arenastrum (Bor.) Rouy
=P. aviculare var. vegetum Ledeb.
=P. heterophyllum Lindm.
=P. monspeliensis Pers.
=P. neglectum Besser
Polygonum aviculare var. agrarium K. Koch = Polygonum erectum L.
Polygonum aviculare var. crassifolium Lange = Polygonum buxiforme Small
Polygonum aviculare var. erectum (L.) Roth = Polygonum erectum L.
Polygonum aviculare var. laterale Michx. = Polygonum erectum L.
Polygonum aviculare var. littorale (Link) Mert. = Polygonum buxiforme Small
Polygonum bicorne Raf. = Polygonum pensylvanicum L.
P. buxiforme Small, Knotweed, Knotgrass NEW
=P. aviculare var. crassifolium Lange
=P. aviculare var. littorale (Link) Mert.
=P. fowleri of NY reports, not B. Robinson
=P. littorale (Link) Koch
* P. cespitosum Blume NEW
* var. longisetum (DeBruyn) Stewart, Low Smartweed
=P. longisetum DeBruyn
=P. posumbo Hamilt.
P. cilinode Michx., Fringed Bindweed, False Buckwheat
=Bilderdykia cilinode (Michx.) Greene
Polygonum coccineum Muhl. ex Willd. = Polygonum amphibium L. var. emersum Michx.
Polygonum coccineum var. terrestre Willd. = Polygonum amphibium L. var. emersum Michx.
* P. convolvulus L., Black Bindweed, Corn Bindweed
=Bilderdykia convolvulus (L.) Dumort.
Polygonum cristatum Engelm. & Gray = Polygonum scandens L. var. cristatum Engelm. & Gray
* P. cuspidatum Sieb.& Zucc., Japanese Knotweed, Japanese Bamboo Image 2 3
=P. zuccarinii Small
=Reynoutria japonica Houtt.
Polygonum dubium Stein = Polygonum persicaria L.
Polygonum dumetorum L. = Polygonum scandens var. dumetorum (L.) Gleason
P. erectum L., Erect Knotweed
=P. aviculare var. agrarium K. Koch
=P. aviculare var. erectum (L.) Roth
=P. aviculare var. laterale Michx.
Polygonum exsertum Small, in large part = Polygonum ramosissimum Michx. var. prolificum Small
Polygonum fluitans Eat. = Polygonum amphibium L. var. stipulaceum Colem.
Polygonum fowleri of NY reports, not B. Robinson = Polygonum buxiforme Small
Polygonum hartwrightii A. Gray = Polygonum amphibium L. var. emersum x stipulaceum
Polygonum heterophyllum Lindm.= Polygonum aviculare L.
* P. hydropiper L., Water Smartweed, Water Pepper
=Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Opiz.
P. hydropiperoides Michx., Mild Water Smartweed, Waterpepper
var. hydropiperoides
=Persicaria hydropiperoides (Michx.) Small
=Polygonum hydropiperoides var. strigosum Small
=P. mite Pers., not Schrank sec. House (1924).
Polygonum hydropiperoides var. setaceum (Baldw. ex Ell.) Gleason = Polygonum setaceum Baldw. ex Ell. var. interjectum Fern.
Polygonum incanum F. Schmidt = Polygonum pensylvanicum L.
Polygonum incarnatum Ell. = Polygonum lapathifolium L.
Polygonum inundatum Raf. = Polygonum amphibium L. var. emersum Michx.
P. lapathifolium L., Dock-leaved Smartweed
=Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Small
=Polygonum lapathifolium var. incanum (Schmidt) Koch
=P. lapathifolium var. nodosum (Pers.) Weinm.
=P. lapathifolium var. punctatum Beck ex Reichenb.
=P. lapathifolium var. salicifolium Sibth.
=P. incarnatum Ell.
=P. nodosum Pers.
=P. scabrum Moench
=P. tomentosum A. Gray
Polygonum littorale (Link) Koch = Polygonum buxiforme Small
Polygonum longistylum Small = Polygonum pensylvanicum L.
Polygonum minus Huds. = Polygonum persicaria L.
Polygonum mite of American authors, not Schrank, also P. mite Gilib. sec. House (1924) = Polygonum persicaria L.
Polygonum mite Pers., not Schrank, sec. House (1924) = P. hydropiperoides Michx. var. hydropiperoides
Polygonum monspeliensis Pers. = Polygonum aviculare L.
Polygonum muhlenbergii S. Wats. = Polygonum amphibium L. var. emersum Michx.
Polygonum natans Eat. = Polygonum amphibium L. var. stipulaceum Colem.
Polygonum neglectum Besser = Polygonum aviculare L.
Polygonum nodosum Pers. = Polygonum lapathifolium L.
* P. orientale L., Prince's Feather, Kiss-me-over-the-Garden-Gate
=Persicaria orientalis (L.) Spach
P. pensylvanicum L., Pennsylvania Smartweed
=Persicaria pensylvanica (L.) Small
=Polygonum bicorne Raf.
=P. incanum F. Schmidt
=P. longistylum Small
=P. pensylvanicum var. eglandulosum J. Meyers
=P. pensylvanicum var. laevigatum Fern.
* P. persicaria L., Ladies-thumb
=Persicaria persicaria (L.) Small
=Polygonum dubium Stein
=P. minus Huds.
=P. mite of American authors, not Schrank
=P. puritanorum Fern.
Polygonum prolificum (Small) Robins. = Polygonum ramosissimum Michx. var. prolificum Small
P. punctatum Ell., Dotted Smartweed
var. confertiflorum (Meisn.) Fassett NEW
=P. punctatum var. leptostachyum (Meisn.) Small
=P. punctatum var. parvum Vict. & Rouss.
var. punctatum
=Persicaria punctata (Ell.) Small
=Polygonum acre Kunth
Polygonum punctatum var. majus (Meisn. ex DC.) Fassett = Polygonum robustius (Small) Fern.
Polygonum puritanorum Fern. = Polygonum persicaria L.
P. ramosissimum Michx., Bushy Knotweed
var. prolificum Small, Saltmarsh Knotweed
=P. atlanticum (B. Robinson) Bickn.
=P. exsertum Small, in large part
=P. prolificum (Small) B. Robinson
var. ramosissimum NEW
=P. allocarpum Blake
=P. exsertum Small in part
P. robustius (Small) Fern., Robust Smartweed, Large Water Smartweed
=Persicaria robustior (Small) Bickn.
=Polygonum punctatum var. majus (Meisn. ex DC.) Fassett
=P. punctatum var. robustior Small
* P. sachalinense Schmidt ex Maxim., Giant Knotweed
=Reynoutria sachalinensis (Schmidt ex Maxim.) Nakai ex Mori
P. sagittatum L., Arrow-leaved Tear-thumb, Arrow-vine, Scratch-grass
=Tracaulon sagittatum (L.) Small
Polygonum scabrum Moench = Polygonum lapathifolium L.
P. scandens L., Climbing False Buckwheat
var. cristatum (Engelm. & A. Gray) Gleason ,Crested False Buckwheat
=P. cristatum Engelm. & A. Gray
* var. dumetorum (L.) Gleason, Thicket False Buckwheat
=P. dumetorum L.
var. scandens
P. setaceum Baldw. ex Ell., Dock-leaved Smartweed
var. interjectum Fern.
=Persicaria setacea (Baldw. ex Ell.) Small
=P. hydropiperoides var. setaceum (Baldw. ex Ell.) Gleason in part
=P. setaceum var. tonsum Fern.
Polygonum tomentosum A. Gray = Polygonum lapathifolium L.
P. virginanum L., Virginia Knotweed
=Tovara virginiana (L.) Raf.
Polygonum zuccarinii Small = Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb.& Zucc.
POLYMNIA L. (Asteraceae)
P. canadensis L., Small-flowered Leaf-cup
=Osteospermum canadense (L.) House
P. uvedalia (L.) L., Large-Flowered Leaf-cup
=Osteospermum uvedalia L.
=Smallanthus uvedalia (L.) Mackz. ex Small
POLYPODIUM L. (Polypodiaceae)
Polypodium bulbiferum L. = Cystopteris bulbifera (L.) Bernh.
Polypodium carthusianum Vill. = Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) Fuchs
Polypodium connectile Michx. = Phegopteris connectilis (Michx.) Watt
Polypodium cristatum L. = Dryopteris cristata (L.) Gray
Polypodium dryopteris L. = Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newm.
Polypodium fragile L. = Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh.
Polypodium hexagonopterum Michx. = Phegopteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) Fée,
Polypodium phegopteris L. = Phegopteris connectilis (Michx.) Watt
P. virginianum L., Common Polypody, Rock Tripe
=P. vulgare of NY Reports, not L.
=P. vulgare var. americanum Hooker
=P. vulgare var. virginianum (L.) Eat.
POLYSTICHUM Roth ex Roemer (Polypodiaceae)
P. acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott, Christmas Fern, Shield Fern Image 2
=Aspidium acrostichoides Sw.
=A. acrostichoides var. incisum Gray
=Nephrodium acrostichoides Michx.
P. lonchitis (L.) Roth, Northern Holly Fern
PONTEDERIA L. (Pontederiaceae)
P. cordata L., Pickerel-weed
=P. cordata var. lancifolia (Muhl.) Torr.
=P. lanceolata Nutt.
Pontederia lanceolata Nutt. = Pontederia cordata L.
POPULUS L. (Salicaceae)
* P. alba L., White Poplar, Silver-leaf Poplar
=P. major Mill.
=P. nivea Willd.
Populus angulata Ait. = Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.
P. balsamifera L., Balsam Poplar
=P. balsamifera var. lanceolata Marsh.
=P. balsamifera var. subcordata Hyl.
=P. carolinensis Moench
Populus balsamifera x deltoides = P. x jackii Sarg., Balm of Gilead
=P. candicans of authors, not Ait.
=P. x gileadensis Roul.
Populus balsamifera var. subcordata Hyl. = Populus balsamifera L.
Populus candicans Ait. = [Populus balsamifera x deltoides = P. x jackii Sarg.]
Populus carolinensis Moench = Populus balsamifera L.
P. deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh., Cottonwood Image 2
=P. angulata Ait.
=P. monilifera Ait.
(* )P. deltoides x nigra = P. x canadensis Moench, Carolina Poplar
=P. x eugenei Simon-Louis
Populus dilatata Ait. = Populus nigra L.
Populus x eugenei Simon-Louis = [Populus deltoides x nigra = P. x canadensis Moench]
Populus x gileadensis Rouleau = [Populus balsamifera x deltoides = P. x jackii Sarg.]
P. grandidentata Michx., Large-toothed Aspen, Big-Tooth Aspen
=P. trepida Willd.
Populus italica (DuRoi) Moench = Populus nigra L.
Populus major Mill. = Populus alba L.
Populus monilifera Ait. = Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.
* P. nigra L., Black Poplar, Lombardy Poplar
=P. dilatata Ait.
=P. italica (DuRoi) Moench
=P. nigra var. italica DuRoi
=P. pyramidata Moench
Populus nigra var. italica Moench = Populus nigra L.
Populus nivea Willd. = Populus alba L.
Populus pyramidata Moench = Populus nigra L.
P. tremuloides Michx., Quaking or Trembling Aspen
=P. tremula L. ssp. tremuloides (Michx.) A. & D. Löve
Populus tremula L. ssp. tremuloides (Michx.) A. & D. Löve = Populus tremuloides Michx.
Populus trepida Willd. = Populus grandidentata Michx.
PORTERANTHUS Britt. ex Small (Rosaceae)
P. trifoliatus (L.) Britt., Bowman's-root, Indian Physic
=Gillenia trifoliata (L.) Moench
=Spiraea trifoliata L.
PORTULACA L. (Portulacaceae)
* P. oleracea L., Common Purslane, Pussley
=P. oleracea ssp. sativa (Haw) Célak
POTAMOGETON L. (Potamogetonaceae)
P. alpinus Balbis, Alpine Pondweed
=P. alpinus var. subellipticus (Fern.) Ogden
=P. alpinus var. tenuifolius (Raf.) Ogden
=P. rufescens of Canadian authors, not of Schrader
=P. tenuifolius Raf.
Potamogeton americanus var. noveboracensis (Morong) Benn. = Potamogeton nodosus Poir.
P. ampifolius Tuckerm., Broad-leaved Pondweed
Potamogeton angustifolius of authors, not Berch. & Presl. = Potamogeton illinoensis Morong
Potamogeton berchtoldii Fieber = Potamogeton pusillus L. var. tenuissimus Mert. & Koch
Potamogeton bupleuroides L. = Potamogeton perfoliatus L.
Potamogeton capillaceus Poir., in part = Potamogeton diversifolius Raf.
Potamogeton claytoni Tuckerman = Potamogeton epihydrus Raf.
Potamogeton compressus L. = Potamogeton zosteriformis Fern.
* P. crispus L., Curly Pondweed, Curly Muckweed
Potamogeton dimorphus Raf. = Potamogeton spirillus Tuckerm.
P. diversifolius Raf., Rafinesque's Pondweed
=P. capillaceus Poir., in part
=P. hybridus (of authors)
P. epihydrus Raf., Nuttall's Pondweed
=P. claytoni Tuckerman
=P. epihydrus var. cayugensis (Weig.) Benn.
=P. epihydrus var. nuttallii (Cham. & Schlect.) Fern.
=P. epihydrus var. ramosus (Peck) House
Potamogeton filiformis var. borealis (Raf.) St. John = Coleogeton filiformis (Pers.) D. Les & R. Haynes ssp. alpinus (Blytt) D. Les & R. Haynes
Potamogeton filiformis var. macounii Morong = Coleogeton filiformis (Pers.) D. Les & R. Haynes ssp. alpinus (Blytt) D. Les & R. Haynes
Potamogeton filiformis var. occidentalis (Robbins.) Morong = Coleogeton filiformis (Pers.) D. Les & R. Haynes ssp. occidentalis (Robbins) D. Les & R. Haynes
P. foliosus Raf., Leafy Pondweed
=P. niagarensis Tuckerm.
=P. foliosus var. genuinus Fern.
=P. foliosus var macellus Fern.
=P. pauciflorus (of authors)
P. friesii Rupr., Fries' Pondweed
P. gramineus L., Grassy Pondweed
var. gramineus
=P. heterophyllus auct. non Schreber
=P. gramineus var. graminifolius Fries
=P. gramineus var. maximus Morong ex Benn.
=P. gramineus var. myriophyllus Robbins
P. gramineus x illinoensis = P. x spathuliformis (Robbins) Morong, Pondweed NEW
Potamogeton heterophyllus (of authors) = Potamogeton gramineus L.
Potamogeton hybridus (of authors) = Potamogeton diversifolius Raf.
P. illinoensis Morong, Illinois Pondweed
=P. angustifolius of authors, not Berch. & Presl.
=P. lucens (of American authors), not L.
Potamogeton interior Rydb. = Coleogeton filiformis (Pers.) D. Les & R. Haynes ssp. occidentalis (Robbins) D. Les & R. Haynes
Potamogeton lateralis Morong in part = Potamogeton vaseyi Robbins
Potamogeton lateralis Morong in part = Potamogeton pusillus L. var. tenuissimus Mert. & Koch
Potamogeton lonchites Tuckerm. = Potamogeton nodosus Poir.
Potamogeton lonchites var. noveboracensis Morong = Potamogeton nodosus Poir.
Potamogeton x longiligulatus Fern. = Potamogeton strictifolius Benn.
Potamogeton lucens of American authors, not L. = Potamogeton illinoensis Morong
P. natans L., Floating Pondweed
Potamogeton niagarensis Tuckerm. = Potamogeton foliosus Raf.
P. nodosus Poir., Knotty Pondweed
=P. americanus var. noveboracensis (Morong) Benn.
=P. lonchites Tuckerm.
=P. lonchites var. noveboracensis Morong
P. obtusifolius Mert. & Koch, Blunt-leaved Pondweed
Potamogeton panormitanus Biv. = Potamogeton pusillus L.
Potamogeton pauciflorus (of authors) = Potamogeton foliosus Raf.
Potamogeton pectinatus L. = Coleogeton pectinatum (L.) D. Les & R. Haynes
P. perfoliatus L., Clasping-leaved Pondweed, White-stemmed Pondweed
=P. bupleuroides Fern.
=P. perfoliatus var. bupleuroides (Fern.) Farw.
P. praelongus Wulfen, White-stemmed Pondweed
P. pusillus L., Small Pondweed
var. pusillus
=P. panormitanus Biv.
var. tenuissimus Mert. & Koch NEW
=P. berchtoldii Fieber
=P. lateralis Morong in part
Potamogeton pusillus var. pseudorutilus Benn. = Potamogeton strictifolius Benn.
P. richardsonii (Benn.) Rydb., Richardson's Pondweed, Red-head Pondweed
P. robbinsii Oakes, Robbins' Pondweed
Potamogeton rufescens Schrad. = Potamogeton alpinus Balbis
Potamogeton rutilis of authors, not Wulf. ex R. & S.
P. spirillus Tuckerm., Coiled Pondweed
=P. dimorphus Raf.
P. strictifolius Benn., Straight-leaved Pondweed
= x longiligulatus Fern.
=P. pusillus var. pseudorutilus Benn.
=P. rutilis of authors, not Wulf. ex R. & S.
=P. strictifolius var. rutiloides Fern.
=P. strictifolius var. typicus Fern.
Potamogeton tenuifolius Raf. = Potamogeton alpinus Balbis
Potamogeton vaginatus of NY reports, not Turcz. = Coleogeton filiformis (Pers.) D. Les & R. Haynes ssp. occidentalis (Robbins) D. Les & R. Haynes
P. vaseyi Robbins, Vasey's Pondweed
=P. lateralis Morong in part
P. zosteriformis Fern., Flat-stem Pondweed
=P. compressus L.
POTENTILLA L. (Rosaceae)
P. anserina L., Silverweed, Goose-grass, Goose-tansy
ssp. anserina
=Argentina anserina (L.) Rydb.
=A. babcockiana Rydb.
=Potentilla anserina var. sericea Hayne
P. argentea L., Silvery Cinquefoil, Hoary Cinquefoil
P. arguta Pursh, Tall Cinquefoil
=Drymocallis agrimonioides (Pursh) Rydb.
=Geum agrimonioides Pursh
=Potentilla confertiflora Torrey
P. canadensis L., Dwarf Cinquefoil, Five Fingers
=P. canadensis var. villosissima Fern.
=P. caroliniana of authors, not Poir.
=P. pumila Poir. ex Lam.
=P. simplex sensu House (1924), not Michx.
Potentilla caroliniana of authors, not Poir. = Potentilla canadensis L.
Potentilla comarum Nestler = Potentilla palustris (L.) Scop.
Potentilla confertiflora Torrey = Potentilla arguta Pursh
Potentilla floribunda Pursh = Potentilla fruticosa ssp. floribunda (Pursh) Elkington
P. fruticosa L., Shubby Cinquefoil Image 2
ssp. floribunda (Pursh) Elkington
=Dasiphora fruticosa (L.) Rydb.
=Pentaphylloides floribunda (Pursh) A. L"ve
=Potentilla floribunda Pursh
=P. fruticosa var. tenuifolia Lehm.
P. norvegica L., Rough Cinquefoil
ssp. monspeliensis (L.) Aschers. & Graeb.
=P. norvegica var. hirsuta (Michx) Torr.& Gray
Potentilla obscura Nestler = Potentilla recta L.
P. palustris (L.) Scop., Marsh Cinquefoil, Five-fingers, Purple Cinquefoil
=Comarum palustre L.
=C. palustre var. villosa Pers.
=Potentilla comarum Nestler
=P. palustris var. villosa (Pers.) Lehm.
P. paradoxa Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray, Bushy Cinquefoil
=P. supina Michx.
Potentilla pumila Poir. ex Lam. = Potentilla canadensis L.
* P. recta L., Sulphury Cinquefoil, Five-fingers Image 2
=P. obscura Nestler
=P. recta var. obscura (Neatler) Koch
=P. recta var. sulphurea (Lam. & DC.) Peyr
=P. sulphurea Lam. & DC.
* P. reptans L., Creeping Cinquefoil
P. simplex Michx., Common Cinquefoil, Old-field Cinquefoil
=P. canadensis of NY reports, not L.
=P. simplex var. calvescens Fern.
Potentilla simplex sensu House (1924), not Michx. = Potentilla canadensis L.
Potentilla sulphurea Lam. & DC. = Potentilla recta L.
Potentilla supina Michx. = Potentilla paradoxa Nutt.
Poterium canadense (L.) Gray = Sanguisorba canadensis L.
Poterium sanguisorba of authors, not L. = Sanguisorba minor Scop.
PRENANTHES L. (Asteraceae)
P. alba L., Lion's-foot, White Lettuce, Rattlesnake Root
=Nabalus albus (L.) Hook.
P. altissima L., Tall Lion's-foot, Rattlesnake Root, White Lettuce
=Nabalus altissimus (L.) Hook.
P. crepidinea Michx., Corymbed Rattlesnake-root
=Nabalus crepidineus (Michx.) DC.
Prenanthes serpentaria Pursh (excluded by Zander & Pierce 1979)
P. trifoliata (Cass.) Fern., Gall-of-the-Earth
=Nabalus trifoliolatus Cass.
=N. trifoliatus of authors
=N. trifoliatus var. dissectifolius Peck
PRIMULA L. (Primulaceae)
P. mistassinica Michx., Canadian Primrose
=P. mistassinica var. noveboracensis Fern.
Prinos verticillatus L. = Ilex verticillata (L.) Gray
PROBOSCIDEA Schmid. (Pedaliaceae)
* P. louisiana (Mill.) Woot. & Standl., Unicorn Plant, Proboscis-flower, Ram's Horn
=Martynia proboscidea Glox.
=M. louisiana Mill.
=Proboscidea louisianica, sensu Thell.
Prosartes lanuginosa (Michx.) Don = Disporum lanuginosum ((Michx.) Nichols.
PROSERPINACA L. (Haloragaceae)
Proserpinaca intermedia Mackz. = Proserpinaca palustris L.
P. palustris L., Mermaidweed
var. crebra Fern. & Grisc. NEW
var. palustris
=P. intermedia Mackz.
=P. palustris var. latifolia Schindl.
=P. platycarpa Small
Proserpinaca platycarpa Small = Proserpinaca palustris L. var. palustris
PRUNELLA L. (Lamiaceae)
P. vulgaris L., Heal-all
=P. vulgaris var. lanceolata (Bart.) Fern.
PRUNUS L. (Rosaceae)
P. americana Marsh., Wild Plum, Hedge-plum, Sloe
Prunus autumnalis Liegel = Prunus domestica L.
* P. avium (L.) L., Sweet Cherry, Bird Cherry, Mazzard
Prunus borealis (Michx.) Pursh = Prunus pensylvanica L.f.
* P. cerasus L., Sour Cherry, Pie-cherry
=Cerasus vulgaris Mill.
* P. domestica L., Garden Plum
=P. autumnalis Liegel
* var. domestica, Plum
* P. fruticosa Pallas, Ground Cherry, European Dwarf Cherry
Prunus lanceolata Willd. = Prunus pensylvanica L.f.
* P. mahaleb L., Mahaleb Cherry, Mahaleb, Perfumed-cherry, St. Lucie Cherry
Prunus mollis sensu Torrey, not Dougl. = Prunus nigra Ait.
P. nigra Ait., Canada Plum, Wild Plum
=P. mollis sensu Torrey, not Dougl.
P. pensylvanica L.f., Pin Cherry, Fire-cherry, Wild Red Cherry, Bird-cherry
=Cerasus pennsylvanica (L.f.) Loisel.
=Prunus borealis (Michx.) Pursh
=P. lanceolata Willd.
* P. persica (L.) Batsch, Peach
=Amygdalus persica L.
Prunus pumila var. cuneata (Raf.) Bailey = Prunus pumila var. susquehanae (Hort. ex Willd.) Jaeger
P. pumila L., Sand Cherry
var. susquehanae (Hort. ex Willd.) Jaeger
=P. pumila var. cuneata (Raf.) Bailey
=P. susquehannae Hort. ex Willd.
P. serotina Ehrh., Black Cherry, Wild Cherry, Rum-cherry Image 2
=P. virginiana L., in part
Prunus susquehanae Hort. ex Willd. = Prunus pumila var. susquehanae (Hort. ex Willd.) Jaeger
Prunus virginiana L., in part = Prunus serotina Ehrh.
P. virginiana L., Choke Cherry Image 2 3 4
Psedera quinquefolia (L.) Greene =P. quinquefolia (L.) Planch. ex DC.
Psedera quinquefolia var. hirsuta (Pursh) B. Robinson = P. quinquefolia (L.) Planch. ex DC.
PTELEA L. (Rutaceae)
P. trifoliata L., Hop-tree, Wafer-ash, Stinking Ash
Pteretis nodulosa (Michx.) Nieuwl. = Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro
Pteretis pensylvanica (Willd.) Fern. = Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro
PTERIDIUM Gled. ex Scop. (Dennstaedtiaceae)
P. aquilinum (L.) Kuhn ex Decken, Eastern Bracken Fern, Bracken, Brake-fern, Brake
var. latiusculum (Desv.) Underw. ex Heller
=P. aquilinum var. champlainense Boivin
=P. latiusculum (Desv.) Hieron, not Maxon
=Pteris aquilina of American reports, not L.
=Pteris latiuscula Desv.
Pteris aquilina of American reports, not L. = Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn ex Decken var. latiusculum (Desv.) Underw. ex Heller
Pteris latiuscula Desv. = Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn ex Decken var. latiusculum (Desv.) Underw. ex Heller
PTEROSPORA Nutt. (Ericaceae)
P. andromedea Nutt., Pine-drops, Giant Bird's-nest
=Monotropa procera Torr. ex Eaton
=P. andromeda of authors
PUCCINELLIA Parl. (Poaceae)
* P. distans (Jacq.) Parl., Alkali-grass NEW
* ssp. borealis (Holmb.) W. E. Hughes
=P. distans var. angustifolia (Blytt) Holmb.
* ssp. distans
=P. nuttalliana of NY reports, not (Schultes) Hitchc.
Puccinellia pallida (Torr.) Clausen in part = Torreyochloa pallida (Torr.) Church var. pallida
PYCNANTHEMUM Michx. (Lamiaceae)
Pycnanthemum flexuosum of some authors, not (Walt.) BSP. = Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Schrad.
P. incanum (L.) Michx., Hoary Mountain Mint
=Koellia incana (L.) Kuntze
Pycnanthemum lanceolatum Pursh = Pycnanthemum virginianum (L.) Durand & Jackson ex Fern. & Robins.
Pycnanthemum linifolium (Willd.) Pursh = Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Schrad.
P. tenuifolium Schrad., Narrow-leaved Mountain Mint
=Koellia flexuosa of NY reports, not (Walt.) MacM.
=P. flexuosum of some authors, not (Walt.) Macm.
=P. linifolium (Willd.) Pursh
P. torrei Benth., Torrey's Mountain Mint
=Koellia torrei (Benth.) Kuntze
P. verticillatum (Michx.) Pers., Mountain Mint
var. verticillatum NEW
P. virginianum (L.) Durieu & Jackson ex Fern. & B. Robinson, Virginia Mountain Mint
=Koellia virginiana (L.) Kuntze
=P. lanceolatum Pursh
PYROLA L. (Ericaceae)
P. americana Sweet, Round-leaved Pyrola
=P. rotundifolia Michx. ssp. americana (Sweet.) Clausen
=P. rotundifolia Michx. var. americana (Sweet.) Fern.
=P. rotundifolia Michx. var. rotundifolia
P. asarifolia Michx., Bog Pyrola, Pink Wintergreen
=P. asarifolia var. incarnata (Fisch.) Fern. (of Zenkert, 1934).
=P. asarifolia var. purpurea (Bunge) Fern.
=P. uliginosa Torr. & A. Gray
=P. rotundifolia var. uliginosa (Torr.) A. Gray
P. chlorantha Sw., Greenish-flowered Pyrola, Green Shinleaf, Wintergreen,
=P. oxypetala Austin ex A. Gray "(with peloric flowers)", Mitchell & Tucker, 1997.
=P. virens Schweig. ex Schweig. & Koerte
=P. virens fo. paucifolia (Fern.) Fern.
=P. chlorantha var. pauciflora (of Zenkert, 1934)
P. elliptica Nutt., Elliptic-leaved Pyrola, Shinleaf, Wild Lily-of-the-Valley
Pyrola oxypetala Austin (peloric) = Pyrola chlorantha Sw.
Pyrola rotundifolia Michx. var. rotundifolia = Pyrola americana Sweet
Pyrola rotundifolia Michx. var. americana (Sweet) Fern. = Pyrola americana Sweet
Pyrola rotundifolia Michx. var. uliginosa (Torr.) A.Gray = Pyrola asarifolia Michx.
Pyrola secunda L. = Orthilia secunda L.
Pyrola secunda L. var. pumila Paine = Orthilia secunda L.
Pyrola secunda L. var. obtusata Turcz. = Orthilia secunda L.
Pyrola uliginosa Torr. & A. Gray = Pyrola asarifolia Michx.
Pyrola uniflora L. = Moneses uniflora (L.) A. Gray
Pyrola virens Schweig. ex Schweig. & Koerte = Pyrola chlorantha Sw.
Pyrola virens fo. paucifolia (Fern.) Fern. = Pyrola chlorantha Sw.
PYRUS L. (Rosaceae)
Pyrus americana (Marsh.) DC. = Sorbus americana Marsh.
Pyrus arbutifolia (L.) L.f. = Aronia arbutifolia (L.) Pers. (not Ell.)
Pyrus arbutifolia var. atropurpurea (Britt.) B. Robinson = [Aronia arbutifolia x melanocarpa = A. x prunifolia (Marsh.) Rehd.]
Pyrus arbutifolia var. erythrocarpa (Michx.) = Aronia arbutifolia (L.) Pers.
Pyrus arbutifolia var. melanocarpa Michx. = Aronia melanocarpa (Michx) Ell.
Pyrus aucuparia (L.) Gaertn. = Sorbus aucuparia L.
* P. communis L., Common Pear
Pyrus coronaria L. = Malus coronaria (L.) Mill.
Pyrus coronaria var. dasycalyx (Rehd.) Fern. = Malus coronaria (L.) Mill.
Pyrus coronaria var. elongata (Rehd.) Bailey = Malus coronaria (L.) Mill.
Pyrus coronaria var. lancifolia (Rehd.) Fern. = Malus coronaria (L.) Mill.
Pyrus decora (Sarg.) Hyl. = Sorbus decora (Sarg.) C. K. Schneid.
Pyrus dumosa Fern. = Sorbus decora (Sarg.) C. K. Schneid.
Pyrus floribunda Lindl. = [Aronia arbutifolia x melanocarpa = A. x prunifolia (Marsh.) Rehd.]
Pyrus malus of authors, not L. = Malus pumila Mill.
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