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MADCAPHORSE
A Revised Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Niagara Frontier Region
Flora of the Niagara Frontier Region, Third Supplement
by Patricia M. Eckel
CATALOGUE D - K

D - K

DACTYLIS L. (Poaceae)

* D. glomerata L., Orchard Grass Image 2

          =D. glomerata varieties

DALIBARDA L. (Rosaceae)

Dalibarda fragarioides Michx. = Waldsteinia fragarioides (Michx.) Tratt.

D. repens L., Dewdrop, False-Violet, Robin-Run-Away, Dewdrop

          =D. violaeoides Michx.

          =Rubus dalibarda L.

Dalibarda violaeoides Michx. = Dalibarda repens L.

DANTHONIA Lam. & DC. (Poaceae)

D. compressa Austin, Austin's Oatgrass, Northern Oatgrass

D. spicata (L.) Beauv. ex R. & S., Poverty Grass, Junegrass, White Oatgrass

          =D. x allenii Austin

          =D. spicata var. longipila Scribn. & Merr.

DAPHNE L. (Thymelaeaceae)

* D. mezereum L., Mezereum, Daphne

Dasiphora fruticosa (L.) Rydb. = Potentilla fruticosa ssp. floribunda (Pursh) Elkington

Dasystephana grayi of NY reports, not (Kusn.) Britt. = Gentiana puberulenta Pringle

Datisca hirta L. = Rhus hirta (L.) Sudworth

DATURA L. (Solanaceae)

* D. stramonium L., Jimsonweed, Stramonium, Common Thorn-apple, Jamestown Weed, Purple Thorn-apple Image 2 3

          =D. tatula L.

          =D. stramonium var. tatula (L.) Torr.

Datura tatula L. = Datura stramonium L.

DAUCUS L. (Apiaceae)

* D. carota L., Queen Anne's Lace, Wild Carrot Image 2 3

DECODON J. Gmel. (Lythraceae)

D. verticillatus (L.) Ell., Swamp Loosestrife, Water-willow, Water-Oleander

          =D. verticillatus var. laevigatus Torr. & A. Gray

          =Lythrum verticllatum L.

          =Nesaea verticillata (L.) HBK

Delphinium ajacis L. of ON reports = Consolida ajacis (L.) Schur

Delphinium ambiguum L. = Consolida ajacis (L.) Schur

Delphinium consolida of Torrey's NY Flora, not L. = Consolida ajacis (L.) Schur

Delphinium consolida L. = Consolida regalis S. Gray

DENNSTAEDTIA Bernh. (Dennstaedtiaceae)

D. punctilobula (Michx.) Moore, Hay-scented Fern

          =Dicksonia pilosiuscula Willd.

          =Nephrodium punctilobulum Michx.

Dentaria concatenata Michx. = Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) Schwein.

Dentaria diphylla Michx. = Cardamine diphylla (Michx.) Wood

Dentaria diphylla x laciniata = [Cardamine concatenata x diphylla = C. x maxima (Nutt.) Wood]

Dentaria diphylla x maxima = [Cardamine concatenata x diphylla = C. x maxima (Nutt.) Wood]

Dentaria x incisa K. Schum. = [Cardamine concatenata x diphylla = C. x maxima (Nutt.) Wood]

Dentaria x incisifolia Eames = [Cardamine concatenata x diphylla = C. x maxima (Nutt.) Wood]

Dentaria laciniata Muhl. ex Willd. = Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) Schwein.

Dentaria laciniata x maxima Nutt. = [Cardamine concatenata x diphylla = C. x maxima (Nutt.) Wood]

Dentaria maxima Nutt. = [Cardamine concatenata x diphylla = C. x maxima (Nutt.) Wood]

DEPARIA Hooker & Grev. (Dryopteridaceae)

D. acrostichoides (Sw.) Kato, Silvery Spleenwort, Silvery Gladefern

          =Asplenium acrostichoides Sw.

          =A. thelypteroides Michx.

          =Athyrium acrosticoides (Sw.) Diels

          =A. thelypteroides (Michx.) Desv.

          =Diplazium acrostichoides (Sw.) Butters

Deringa canadensis (L.) Kuntze = Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC.

DESCHAMPSIA Beauv. (Poaceae)

D. cespitosa (L.) Beauv., Tufted Hair-grass

          =Aira caespitosa L.

D. flexuosa (L.) Trin., Wavy Hair-grass, Common Hairgrass

          =Aira flexuosa L.

DESCURAINIA Webb & Berth. (Brassicaceae)

D. pinnata (Walt.) Britt., Tansy Mustard

     ssp. brachycarpa (Rich. ex Frankl.) Detl., Northern Tansy-Mustard

          =D. pinnata var. brachycarpa (Rich.) Fern.

= Sisymbrium brachycarpum Richardson (Morton & Venn 1990)

= S. brachycarpon Rich. ex Frankl. (Mitchell & Tucker 1997)

= S. canescens as to ON reports, not of Nutt. (Morton & Venn 1990)

[* ssp. pinnata, Southern Tansy-mustard (= Sisymbrium canescens), excluded by Zander and Pierce (1979).]

Descurainia pinnata var. brachycarpa (Richards.) Fern. = Descurainia pinnata ssp. brachycarpa (Richards. ex Frankl.) Detl.

* D. sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl, Herb Sophia

          =Sisymbrium sophia L.

DESMODIUM Desv. (Fabaceae)

Desmodium acuminatum DC. = Desmodium glutinosum (Muhl. ex Willd.) Wood

Desmodium bracteosum (Michx.) DC. = Desmodium cuspidatum (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC. ex Loud.

D. canadense (L.) DC., Canadian Tick Trefoil, Giant Tick-Clover or Trefoil, Showy Tick-Trefoil, Beggar-Ticks

Desmodium canescens (L.) DC. (excluded by Zander & Pierce 1979).

D. ciliare (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC, Hairy Small-flowered Tick Trefoil

          =D. obtusum of authors

D. cuspidatum (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC. ex Loud., Pointed-leaved Tick Trefoil

          =D. bracteosum (Michx.) DC.

          =D. grandiflorum (Walt) DC.

Desmodium dillenii of some authors, not Darl. = Desmodium glabellum (Michx.) DC.

Desmodium dillenii Darl. in part = Desmodium perplexum Schub.

Desmodium dillenii Darl. = Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC.

D. glabellum (Michx.) DC., Dillen's Tick Trefoil, Tall Tick-Clover or Tick-Trefoil NEW

          =D. dillenii of some authors, not Darl.

          =D. humifusum of some NY reports, not (Muhl.) Beck

D. glutinosum (Muhl. ex Willd.) Wood, Sticky Tick Trefoil

          =D. acuminatum DC.

Desmodium grandiflorum (Walt) DC. = Desmodium cuspidatum (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC. ex Loud.

Desmodium humifusum of some NY reports, not (Muhl.) Beck = Desmodium glabellum (Michx.) DC.

D. marilandicum (L.) DC., Smooth Small-leaved Tick Trefoil, Maryland Tick-Clover

D. nudiflorum (L.) DC., Naked-flowered Tick Trefoil

Desmodium obtusum (of authors) = Desmodium ciliare (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC.

[D. obtusum (Muh. ex Willd.) DC. ( = D. rigidum (Ell.) DC.) has been reported from Erie Co., but not corroborated by specimen (Young 1998).]

D. paniculatum (L.) DC., Panicled Tick Trefoil

          =D. dillenii Darl.

D. pauciflorum (Nutt.) DC., Few-or Small-flowered Tick Trefoil

D. perplexum Schub., Tick-clover, Tick-trefoil NEW

          =D. dillenii Darl. in part

          =Meibomia dillenii (Darl.) Kuntze in part

Desmodium rigidum (Ell.) DC. = Desmodium obtusum (Muh. ex Willd. DC. (excluded by Zander & Pierce 1979).

D. rotundifolium DC., Round-leaved Tick Trefoil

Dianthera americana L. = Justicia americana (L.) Vahl

DIANTHUS L. (Caryophyllaceae)

* D. armeria L., Deptford Pink Image 2

* D. barbatus L., Sweet William

Dianthus blandus (Reichenb.) Hayek = Dianthus deltoides L.

* D. deltoides L., Maiden Pink, Meadow Pink NEW

Dianthus hoppei Portenschl. = Dianthus deltoides L.

Dianthus luminitzeri Weisb. = Dianthus deltoides L.

Dianthus praecox Kit. ex Willd. = Dianthus deltoides L.

DICENTRA Bernh. (Fumariaceae)

D. canadensis (Goldie) Walp., Squirrel-corn, Turkey-Corn

          =Diclytra canadensis (Goldie) DC.

D. cucullaria (L.) Bernh., Dutchman's Breeches

          =Diclytra cucullaria (L.) DC.

Dichanthelium acuminatum (Sw.) Gould & Clark = Panicum acuminatum Sw.

Dichanthelium clandestinum (L.) Gould = Panicum clandestinum L.

Dichanthelium commutatum (Schultes) Gould = Panicum commutatum Schultes

Dichanthelium depauperatum (Muhl.) Gould = Panicum depauperatum Muhl.

Dichanthelium dichotomum (L.) Gould = Panicum dichotomum L.

Dichanthelium latifolium (L.) Gould & C. Clark = Panicum latifolium L.

Dichanthelium linearifolium (Scribn. ex Nash) Gould = Panicum linearifolium Scribn. ex Nash in Britt. & Brown

Dichanthelium villosissimum (Nash) Freckman var. praecocius (Hitchc. & Chase) Freckmann = Panicum villosissimum Nash

Dichanthelium xanthophysum (A. Gray) Freckman = Panicum xanthophysum A. Gray

Diclytra canadensis (Goldie) DC. = Dicentra canadensis (Goldie) Walp.

Diclytra cucullaria (L.) DC. = Dicentra cucullaria (L.) Bernh.

DIERVILLA Mill. (Caprifoliaceae)

D. lonicera Mill., Bush Honeysuckle

          =D. trifida Moench

Diervilla trifida Moench = Diervilla lonicera Mill.

DIGITARIA Heist. ex Fabr. (Poaceae)

D. cognatum (Schultes) Pilger, Diffuse Crab-grass, Fall Witchgrass

          =Leptoloma cognatum (Schultes) Chase

* D. ischaemum (Schreb. ex Schweig.) Schreb. ex Muhl., Small Crab-grass

          =D. ischaemum var. mississippiensis (Gatt.) Fern.

          =Panicum glabrum (Schrad.) Gaud.

          =Syntherisma ishaemum (Schreb. ex Schweig.) Nash

* D. sanguinalis (L.) Scop., Large Crab-grass, Tall Crabgrass

          =Digitaria adscendens (Kunth) Henr.

          =Panicum sanguinale L.

          =Syntherisma sanguinalis (L.) Dulac

Dilepyrum erectum (Schreb) Farw. = Brachyelytrum erectum (Schreb.) Beauv.

DIOSCOREA L. (Dioscoreaceae)

* D. batatas Dcne., Yam, Chinese Yam, Cinammon Vine NEW

Dioscorea quaternata of old NY reports in part = Dioscorea villosa L.

D. villosa L., Wild Yam

          =D. quaternata of old NY reports in part

Diphasiastrum digitatum (A. Br.) Holub = Lycopodium digitatum Dill. ex A. Br.

Diphasiastrum tristachyum (Pursh) Holub = Lycopodium tristachyum Pursh

Diphasium tristachyum (Pursh) Rothm. = Lycopodium tristachyum Pursh

DIPLACHNE Beauv. (Poaceae)

* D. fascicularis (Lam.) Beauv., Clustered Saltmeadow Grass, Sprangletop

          =Leptochloa fascicularis (Lam.) A. Gray

DIPLAZIUM Sw. (Dryopteridaceae)

Diplazium acrostichoides (Sw.) Butters = Deparia acrostichoides (Sw.) Kato

D. pycnocarpon (Sprengel) M. Broun, Narrow-leaved Spleenwort, Silvery spleenwort, Silvery Glade Fern

           =Asplenium angustifolium (of authors)

           =A. pycnocarpon Sprengel

           =Athyrium angustifolium (Michx.) Milde

           =A. pycnocarpon (Sprengel) Tidestr.

Diplopappus umbellatus (Mill.) Hook. = Aster umbellatus Mill.

DIPLOTAXIS DC. (Brassicaceae)

* D. muralis (L.) DC., Sand Rocket, Wall-rocket

          =Sisymbrium murale L.

* D. tenuifolia (L.) DC., Wall Rocket

          =Sisymbrium tenuifolia (L.) DC.

DIPSACUS L. (Dipsacaceae)

* D. fullonum L., Common Teasel, Fuller's Teasel Image 2 3

          =D. sylvestris Huds.

* D. laciniatus L., Teasel NEW

Dipsacus sylvestris Huds. = Dipsacus fullonum L.

DIRCA L. (Thymelaeaceae)

D. palustris L., Leatherwood, Moosewood, Wicopy, Rope-Bark

DISPORUM Salisb. ex D. Don (Liliaceae)

D. lanuginosum (Michx.) Nichols., Yellow Mandarin

          =Prosartes lanuginosa (Michx.) Don

Dodecatheon meadia (excluded by Zander & Pierce 1979)

Doellingeria infirma (Michx.) Greene = Aster infirmus Michx.

DRABA L. (Brassicaceae)

D. arabisans Michx., Rockcress Whitlow-grass

D. reptans (Lambert) Fernald, Whitlow-grass NEW

          =D. caroliniana Walt.

* D. verna L., Whitlow-grass

          =Erophila verna (L.) Bess.

DRACOCEPHALUM L. (Lamiaceae)

Dracocephalum formosius (Lunell) Rydb. = Physostegia virginiana (L.) Benth.

D. parviflorum Nutt., Dragonhead NEW

Dracocephalum speciosum Sweet = Physostegia virginiana (L.) Benth.

Dracocephalum virginianum L. = Physostegia virginiana (L.) Benth.

Dracontium foetidum L. = Symplocarpus foetidus (L.) Salisb. ex Nutt.

DROSERA L. (Droseraceae)

D. intermedia Hayne, Spatulate-leaved Sundew, Narrow-Leaved Sundew

          =D. longifolia Michx. in part

Drosera longifolia Michx. in part = Drosera intermedia Hayne

D. rotundifolia L., Round-leaved Sundew

          =D. rotundifolia var. comosa Fern.

Drymocallis agrimonioides (Pursh) Rydb. = Potentilla arguta Pursh

DRYOPTERIS Adans. (Dryopteridaceae)

Dryopteris austriaca var. fructuosa (Gilb.) Mort. = [Dryopteris carthusiana x intermedia = x triploidea Wherry]

Dryopteris austriaca var. intermedia (Muhl. ex Willd.) Morton = Dryopteris intermedia (Muhl. ex Willd.) A. Gray

D. campyloptera (Kunze) Clarkson, Mountain Wood-fern

          =Aspidium campyloptera Kunze

          =D. austriaca of authors, not (Jacq.) Woyner

          =D. dilatata var. americana (Fisch. ex Kunze) Benedict

          =D. spinulosa var. americana (Fisch. ex Kunze) Fern.

          =Thelypteris dilatata (Hoffm.) House

          =Thelypteris dilatata var. americana (Fisch.) House

           No vouchered specimens occur for any western New York county other than post-1980 specimens that exist for Cattaraugus (NYFA 1990). The fern occurs in Ontario (as D. expansa (C. Presl) Fraser-Jenkins & Jermy (Morton & Venn 1990). No specimens at BUF confirm the occurrence of this fern in our region and the peninsular region of Ontario. The treatment of this species by Montgomery and Wagner Jr. (FNA Vol. 2, 1993, p. 288) indicates the species does not occur in Ontario, and only in the Adirondack or Hudson River area of New York State (not western or central New York). The species should perhaps be excluded from our area.]

D. carthusiana (Vill.) Fuchs, Spinulose Shield-fern, Spinulose Wood-fern

          =D. austriaca var. spinulosa (Muell.) Fiori

          =D. spinulosa (Muell.) Watt

          =Polypodium carthusianum Vill.

          =Thelypteris spinulosa (O.F.Muell.) Nieuwl.

D. carthusiana x cristata = D. x uliginosa (A. Br. ex Dowell) Druce NEW

          =D. cristata x spinulosa

D. carthusiana x intermedia = D. x triploidea Wherry, Wood Fern NEW

          =D. austriaca var. fructuosa (Gilb.) Mort.

          =D. intermedia x spinulosa

D. celsa (Palmer) Knowlt., Palmer & Poll., Log Fern NEW

D. celsa x goldiana, Log Fern NEW

D. clintoniana (D. C. Eat. ex A. Gray) Dowell, Clinton's Fern, Clinton's Shield-Fern

          =Aspidium cristatum var. clintonianum D. C. Eat.

          =Dryopteris cristata var. clintoniana (D. C. Eat. ex A. Gray) Underw.

          =Thelypteris clintoniana (D. C. Eaton ex A. Gray) House

D. clintoniana x goldiana Wood Fern NEW

D. cristata (L.) A. Gray, Crested Shield-fern, Crested Wood-Fern

          =Aspidium cristatum (L.) Sw.

          =Polypodium cristatum L.

          =Thelypteris cristata (L.) Nieuwl.

Dryopteris cristata var. clintoniana (D.C.Eat.) Underw. = Dryopteris clintoniana (D. Eat. ex A. Gray) Dowell

D. cristata x intermedia = D. x boottii (Tuckerm.) Underw., Boott's Wood Fern

          =Aspidium boottii Tuckerm. of Zenkert, 1934.

Dryopteris cristata x spinulosa = [Dryopteris carthusiana x cristata = D. x uliginosa (A. Br. ex Dowell) Druce]

Dryopteris disjuncta (Ledeb.) Morton = Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newm.

D. goldiana (Hook. ex Goldie) A. Gray, Goldie's Fern, Giant Wood-Fern

          =Aspidium goldianum Hook. ex Goldie

          =Thelypteris goldiana (Hook. ex Goldie) Nieuwl.

D. clintoniana x intermedia = D. x dowellii (Farw.) Wherry, Dowell's Wood Fern

          =Thelypteris cristata var. clintoniana x T. spinulosa var. intermedia of Zenkert (1934).

Dryopteris goldiana x marginalis = D. x neowherryi W. Wagner, Wood Fern NEW

Dryopteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) Christ. = Phegopteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) Fée

D. intermedia (Muhl. ex Willd.) A. Gray, Common Wood-fern, Fancy-fern

          =Aspidium intermedium Muhl. ex Willd.

          =A. spinulosum var. intermedium (Muhl.) D.C. Eaton

          =Dryopteris austriaca var. intermedia (Muhl. ex Willd.) Morton

          =D. spinulosa (O.F. Muell.) Watt var. concordiana (Davenport) Eastman

          =D. spinulosa var. intermedia (Muhl. ex Willd.) Underw.

          =Thelypteris intermedia (Muhl. ex Willd.) House

          =Thelypteris spinulosa var. intermedia (Muhl.) Weatherby

D. marginalis (L.) A. Gray, Marginal Shield-Fern, Marginal Wood-fern

          =Aspidium marginale (L.) Sw.

          =Thelypteris marginalis (L.) Nieuwl.

Dryopteris phegopteris (L.) Christ. = Phegopteris connectilis (Michx.) Watt

Dryopteris spinulosa (Muell.) Watt = Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) Fuchs

Dryopteris spinulosa (O. F. Muell.) Watt var. concordiana (Davenport) Eastman = Dryopteris intermedia (Willd.) A. Gray

Dryopteris spinulosa var. intermedia (Muhl. ex Willd.) Morton = Dryopteris intermedia (Muhl. ex Willd.) A. Gray

DULICHIUM L. Rich. ex Pers. (Cyperaceae)

D. arundinaceum (L.) Britt., Three-way Sedge

          =D. spathaceum (L.) Pers.

Dulichium spathaceum (L.) Pers. = Dulichium arundinaceum (L.) Britt.

DYSSODIA Cav. (Asteraceae)

Dyssodia chrysanthemoides (Willd.) Lag. = Dyssodia papposa (Vent.) Hitchc.

* D. papposa (Vent.) Hitchc., Fetid Marigold

          =Boebera papposa (Vent.) Rydb. ex Britt.

          =D. chrysanthemoides (Willd.) Lag.

          =Tagetes papposa Vent.

Eatonia obtusata (Michx.) Gray = Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn.

Eatonia pennsylvanica A. Gray in part = Sphenopholis obtusata var. major (Torrey) Erdm.

Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (excluded by Zander & Pierce 1979)

ECHINOCHLOA Beauv. (Poaceae)

* E. crus-galli (L.) Beauv., Japanese Millet, Barnyard Grass, Cock-spur Grass.

     * ssp. crus-galli

          =Panicum crus-galli L.

     * ssp. edulis Hitchc., Japanese Millet, Billion-dollar Grass.

          =E. crus-galli var. edulis Hitchc.

          =E. crus-galli var. frumentacea (Roxb.) Wight

          =E. frumentacea (Roxb.) Link

Echinochloa crus-galli var. hispidus Ell. = Echinochloa walteri (Pursh) Heller (not Nash ex Britt.) (excluded by Zander & Pierce 1979)

Echinochloa crusgalli var. michauxii House = Echinochloa muricata (Beauv.) Fern. var. muricata

Echinochloa frumentacea (Roxb.) Link = Echinochloa crus-galli ssp. edulis Hitchc.

Echinochloa microstachya (Wieg.) Rydb. = Echinochloa muricata var. microstachya Wieg.

E. muricata (Beauv.) Fern., Cockspur Grass, Barnyard Grass

     var. microstachya Wieg. Small-spiked Barnyard Grass

          =E. microstachya (Wieg.) Rydb.

          =E. pungens var. microstachya (Weig.) Fern.& Grisc.

          =E. occidentalis (Wieg.) Rydb.

     var. muricata, Rough Barnyard Grass

          =E. crusgalli var. michauxii House

          =E. pungens (Poir.) Rybd.

Echinochloa occidentalis (Wieg.) Rydb. = Echinochloa muricata var. microstachya Wieg.

Echinochloa pungens var. microstachya (Weig.) Fern.& Grisc. = Echinochloa muricata var. microstachya Wieg.

Echinochloa pungens (Poir.) Rydb. = Echinochloa muricata var. muricata (Beauv.) Fern.

E. walteri (Pursh) Heller (not Nash ex Britt.), Water-millet, Walter's Cockspur-grassNEW

ECHINOCYSTIS Torrey & A. Gray (Cucurbitaceae)

E. lobata (Michx.) Torr. & A. Gray, Wild Cucumber, Prickly Cucumber, Wild Balsam-apple Image 2 3

          =Micrampelis lobata (Michx.) Greene

          =Sicyos lobata Michx.

ECHINOPS L. (Asteraceae)

* E. ritro L. ssp. ruthenicus (Bieb.) Nyman, Globe Thistle NEW II

* E. sphaerocephalus L., Globe Thistle NEW

Echinospermum lappula (L.) Lehm. = Lappula squarrosa (Retz.) Dumort.

ECHIUM L. (Boraginaceae)

* E. vulgare L., Viper's Bugloss, Blue-weed, Blue-devil

          =E. plantagineum of NY reports, not L.

          =E. pustulatum of NY reports, not Sibth. & Sm.

ELEOCHARIS R. Br.: (Cyperaceae)

E. acicularis (L.) R.& S., Needle Spike-rush, Hairgrass, Slender Rush

Eleocharis acuminata (Muhl.) Nees = Eleocharis elliptica Kunth var. elliptica

Eleocharis annua (Thuill.) House = Eleocharis obtusa var. ovata (Roth) Drap. & Mohl.

Eleocharis calva Torr. = Eleocharis erythropoda Steud.

Eleocharis capitata (of Zenkert, 1934) = Eleocharis elliptica Kunth var. elliptica

Eleocharis compressa Sulliv. = Eliocharis elliptica Kunth var. elliptica

Eleocharis compressa var. atrata Svenson = Eleocharis elliptica Kunth

Eleocharis diandra Wright = Eleocharis obtusa (Willd.) Schultes var. obtusa

E. elliptica Kunth, Compressed Spike-rush

     var. elliptica

          =E. acuminata (Muhl.) Nees

          =E. capitata (L.) R. Br.

          =E. compressa Sulliv.

          =E. compressa var. atrata Svenson

          =E. tenuis of NY reports, not (Willd.) Schultes

          =E. tenuis var. borealis (Svens.) Gleason [K&K

E. erythropoda Steud., Red-footed Spike-rush

          =E. glaucescens (Willd.) R. & S.

          =E. calva Torr.

E. flavescens (Poir.) Urban., Olive Spikerush NEW

          =E. flavescens var. olivacea (Torrey) Gleason

          =E. olivacea Torrey

Eleocharis glaucescens (Willd.) R. & S. = Eleocharis erythropoda Steud.

E. intermedia Schultes (not Muhl.), Matted Spike-rush

          =E. reclinata Kunth

          =E. reclinata var. habereri House

Eleocharis obtusa var. ellipsoides Fern. = Eleocharis obtusa (Willd.) Schultes var. obtusa

Eleocharis obtusa var. jejuna Fern. = Eleocharis obtusa (Willd.) Schultes var. obtusa

E. obtusa (Willd.) Schultes, Spike-rush, Fat Spikerush

     var. obtusa

          =E. diandra Wright

          =E. obtusa var. ellipsoides Fern.

          =E. obtusa var. jejuna Fern.

     var. ovata (Roth) Drap. & Mohl., Ovate Spike-rush

          =E. annua (Thuill.) House

          =E. ovata (Roth) R. & S.

Eleocharis olivacea Torrey = Eleocharis flavescens (Poir.) Urban.

Eleocharis ovata (Roth) R. & S. = Eleocharis obtusa var. ovata (Roth) Drap. & Mohl.

E. palustris (L.) R.& S., Creeping Spike-rush

          =E. palustris var. major Sonder

E. pauciflora (Lightf.) Link., Few-flowered Spike-rush

          =E. quinqueflora var. fernaldii Svens.

          =Scirpus pauciflorus Lightf.

Eleocharis quinqueflora var. fernaldii Svens. = Eleocharis pauciflora (Lightf.) Link.

Eleocharis reclinata Kunth = Eleocharis intermedia Schultes

Eleocharis reclinata var. habereri House = Eleocharis intermedia Schultes

E. rostellata (Torr.) Torr., Beaked Spike-rush

Eleocharis tenuis of NY reports, not (Willd.) Schultes = Eleocharis elliptica Kunth var. elliptica

Eleocharis tenuis var. borealis (Svenson) Gl. = Eleocharis elliptica Kunth

ELEUSINE Gaertn. (Poaceae)

* E. indica (L.) Gaertn., Goose Grass, Yardgrass, Wiregrass

ELODEA L. Rich. ex Michx. (Hydrocharitaceae)

E. canadensis Rich. ex Michx., Water-weed, Elodea, Ditch-moss

          =Anacharis canadensis (Rich. ex Michx.) Planch.

          =A. planchonii (Casp.) Rydb.

          =Apalanthe schweinitzii Planch.

          =Elodea planchonii Casp.

          =E. schweinitzii (Planch.) Casp.

          =Philotria canadensis (L. Rich. ex Michx.) Britt.

          =P. occidentalis (Pursh) House

          =P. planchonii (Casp.) Rydb.

Elodea virginica (L.) Gray = Triadenum virginicum (L.) Raf.

ELYMUS L. (Poaceae)

E. canadensis L., Stout Nodding Wild Rye, Canada Wild Rye

Elymus canadensis L. var. wiegandii (Fern.) Bowd. = Elymus wiegandii Fern.

Elymus caninus (L.) L. = Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners ssp. subsecundus (Link) Barkworth & D. Dewey

E. hystrix L., Bottle-brush Grass

     var. bigeloviana (Fern.) Bowden

          =Hystrix patula var. bigeloviana (Fern.) Deam

     var. hystrix

          =Asprella hystrix (L.) Willd.

          =Gymnostichum hystrix (L.) Schreb.

          =Hystrix patula Moench

Elymus repens (L.) Gould = Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski

E. riparius Wieg., Riverbank Wild Rye, Marsh Wild Rye

Elymus striatus (of authors) = Elymus villosus Muhl. ex Willd.

E. trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners, Slender Wheatgrass Rough-stemmed Wheatgrass

     ssp. subsecundus (Link) Barkworth & D. Dewey

          =Agropyron caninum (L.) Beauv.

          =A. trachycaulum var. glaucum (Pease & Moore) Malte

          =A. trachycaulum var. majus (Vasey) Fern.

          =A. trachycaulum var. unilaterale (Vasey) Malte

          =Elymus caninus (L.) L.

          =Triticum caninum L.

     ssp. trachycaulus

          =Agropyron caninum var. tenerum (Vasey) Pease & Moore

          =A. tenerum Vasey

          =A. trachycaulum (Link) Malte ex Lewis

          =A. trachycaulum var. novae-angliae (Scribn. ex Brainerd) Fern.

          =A. violaceum (Hornem.) Lange

E. villosus Muhl. ex Willd., Wild Rye

     var. villosus

          =E. striatus (of authors)

E. virginicus L., Virginia Wild Rye

     var. virginicus

          =E. virginicus var. glabriflorus (Vasey) Bush

          =E. virginicus var. hirsutiglumis (Scribn.) Hitchc.

E. wiegandii Fern., Wiegand Wild-rye

          =E. canadensis L. var. wiegandii (Fern.) Bowd.

ELYTRIGIA Desv. (Poaceae)

* E. repens (L.) Nevski, Quack-grass, Witch-grass, Quickgrass Image 2

          =Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.

          =Agropyron repens var. littoreum Anderss.

          =Agropyron repens var. nemorale Anderss.

          =Agropyron repens var. pilosum Scribn.

          =Elymus repens (L.) Gould

          =Triticum repens L.

ENEMION Raf. (Ranunculaceae)

E. biternatum Raf., False Rue-Anemone NEW

          =Isopyrum biternatum (Raf.) Torrey & A. Gray

EPIFAGUS Nutt. (Orobanchaceae)

E. virginiana (L.) Bart., Beech-drops, Cancer-root

          =Leptamnium virginianum (L.) Raf.

          =Orobanche virginiana L.

EPIGAEA L. (Ericaceae)

E. repens L., Trailing Arbutus

          =E. repens var. glabrifolia Fern.

EPILOBIUM L. (Onagraceae)

Epilobium adenocaulon Haussk. = Epilobium ciliatum Raf. ssp. ciliatum

E. angustifolium L., Fireweed, Willow-herb, Wickup

          =E. spicatum Lam.

E. ciliatum Raf., Northern Willow-herb

     ssp. ciliatum

          =E. adenocaulon Hausskn.

          =E. glandulosum Lehm. var. adenocaulon (Hausskn.) Fern.

          =E. glandulosum Lehm. var. perplexans (Trel.) Fern.

          =E. perplexans Trel.

     ssp. glandulosum (Lehm.) Hoch & Raven

          =E. boreale Haussk.

          =E. glandulosum Leh. var. glandulosum

          =E. glandulosum var. cardiophyllum Fern.

          =E. glandulosum var. perplexans of authors, not (Trel.) Fern.

E. coloratum Biehler, Purple-leaved Willow-herb

          =E. tetragonum Pursh

Epilobium densum Raf. = Epilobium strictum Muhl. ex Spreng.

Epilobium glandulosum var. adenocaulon (Haussk.) Fern. = Epilobium ciliatum Raf. ssp. ciliatum

Epilobium glandulosum var. cardiophyllum Fern. = Epilobium ciliatum ssp. glandulosum (Lehm.) Hoch & Raven

Epilobium glandulosum Lehm. var. glandulosum = Epilobium ciliatum Raf. ssp. glandulosum (Lehm.) Hoch & Raven

Epilobium glandulosum var. occidentale (Trel.) Fern. = Epilobium ciliatum ssp. glandulosum (Lehm.) Hoch & Raven

* E. hirsutum L., Hairy Willow-herb, European Fireweed Image 2

Epilobium lineare Muhl. = Epilobium palustre L.

Epilobium lineare LeConte = Epilobium palustre L.

Epilobium molle Lam. = Epilobium parviflorum Schreber

Epilobium molle Torr. = Epilobium strictum Muhl. ex Spreng.

Epilobium oliganthum Michx. = Epilobium palustre L.

E. palustre L., Marsh Willow-herb

          =E. lineare Muhl.

          =E. lineare LeConte

          =E. oliganthum Michx.

          =E. palustre var. monticola Haussk.

          =E. palustre var. oliganthum (Michx.) Fern.

*E. parviflorum Schreber, Small-flowered Willow-herb NEW NEW

          =E. molle Lam. not Torrey

Epilobium perplexans Trel. = Epilobium ciliatum Raf. ssp. ciliatum

Epilobium spicatum Lam. = Epilobium angustifolium L.

E. strictum Muhl. ex Spreng., Soft Willow-herb

          =E. densum Raf.

          =E. molle Torr.

Epilobium tetragonum Pursh = Epilobium coloratum Biehler

EPIPACTIS Sw. (Orchidaceae)

* E. helleborine (L.) Crantz., Helleborine Orchid, Weed-orchid

          =E. latifolia (L.) All.

          =Serapias helleborine L.

Epipactis latifolia (L.) All. = Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz

Epipactis pubescens (Willd.) A.A. Eat. = Goodyera pubescens (Willd.) R.Br.

Epipactis repens var. ophoides (Fern.) A.A. Eat. = Goodyera repens var. ophoides Fern.

EQUISETUM L. (Equisetaceae)

E. arvense L., Common Horsetail, Field Horsetail

          =E. arvense var. boreale Bong.

E. fluviatile L., Swamp Horsetail, Water Horsetail, Pipes, River Horsetail

          =E. limosum L.

          =E. limosum var. verticillatum A. A. Eat.

Equisetum funstonii A. A. Eaton = Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun

E. hyemale L., Tall Scouring-rush

     var. affine (Engelm.) A. A. Eat.

          =E. hyemale var. elatum (Engelm.) Morton

          =E. hyemale var. pseudohyemale (Farw.) Morton

          =E. praealtum Raf.

          =E. robustum A. Br.

Equisetum hyemale var. intermedium A. A. Eat. = [Equisetum hyemale x laevigatum = E. x ferrisii Clute, see discussion under E. laevigatum

E. hyemale x variegatum = E. x mackii (Newm.) Brich., Rough-tooth Scouring Rush, Hybrid Scouring Rush NEW

          =E. x trachydon R. Br.

          =E. variegatum var. jesupii A. Eaton

Equisetum kansanum Schaffn. = Equisetum laevigatum A. Braun

E. laevigatum A. Braun, Smooth Scouring-rush

          =E. funstonii A. A. Eaton

          =E. kansanum Schaffn.

Equisetum limosum L. = Equisetum fluviatile L.

Equisetum limosum var. verticillatum A.A.Eat. = Equisetum fluviatile L.

E. palustre L., Marsh Horsetail

          =E. palustre var. americanum Vict.

          =E. palustre var. ramosissimum Peck

Equisetum praealtum Raf. = Equisetum hyemale L. var. affine (Engelm.) A. A. Eaton

[Equisetum pratense Ehrh., report from Niagara Co. unsubstantiated by specimen (Young 1998).]

Equisetum robustum A. Br. = Equisetum hyemale L. var. affine (Engelm.) A. A. Eaton

E. scirpoides Michx., Dwarf Scouring-rush

E. sylvaticum L., Wood Horsetail

          =E. sylvaticum var. multiramosum (Fern.) Wherry

          =E. sylvaticum var. pauciramosum Milde

E. variegatum Schleich. ex Weber & Mohr, Variegated Scouring-rush

ERAGROSTIS N. M. von Wolf (Poaceae)

E. capillaris (L.) Nees, Lacegrass NEW

Eragrostis caroliniana (Spreng.) Scribn. = Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees

* E. cilianensis (All.) Mosher (not Link or Hubb.), Strong-scented Love-grass, Stinkgrass, Skunkgrass, Snakegrass

          =E. major Host

          =E. megastachya (Koel.) Link

Eragrostis eragrostis (L.) Beauv. = Eragrostis minor Host

E. frankii Meyer ex Steud., Frank's Love-grass, Lacegrass

* E. minor Host, Lovegrass

          =E. eragrostis (L.) Beauv.

          =E. poaeoides R. & S.

Eragrostis multicaulis Steud. = Eragrostis pilosa (L.) Beauv.

E. pectinacea (Michx.) Nees, Purple Lovegrass

          =E. caroliniana (Spreng.) Scribn.

          =E. purshii Schrad.

Eragrostis peregrina Wieg. = Eragrostis pilosa (L.) Beauv.

* E. pilosa (L.) Beauv., India Lovegrass

          =E. multicaulis Steud.

          =E. peregrina Wieg.

Eragrostis poaeoides R. & S. = Eragrostis minor Host

Eragrostis purshii Schrad. = Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees

E. spectabilis (Pursh) Steud., Purple Lovegrass, Tumblegrass NEW

          =E. pectinacea of American authors, not (Michx.) Nees

          =E. spectabilis var. sparsihirsuta Farw.

ERECHTITES Raf. (Asteraceae)

E. hieracifolia (L.) Raf. ex DC., Pilewort, Fireweed

     var. hieracifolia

          =E. hieracifolia var. intermedia Fern.

          =E. hieracifolia var. praealta (Raf.) Fern.

Erechtites hieracifolia var. intermedia Fern. = Erechtites hieracifolia (L.) Raf. ex DC.

Erechtites hieracifolia var. praealta (Raf.) Fern. = Erechtites hieracifolia (L.) Raf. ex DC.

ERIGENIA Nutt. (Apiaceae)

E. bulbosa (Michx.) Nutt., Harbinger of Spring, Pepper-and-Salt Image 2

ERIGERON L. (Asteraceae)

Erigeron acris of authors, not L. = Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd.

E. annuus (L.) Pers., Slender White-top, Daisy-fleabane, Daisy Whitetop, White Scabious, Sweet Scabious

Erigeron bellidifolius Muhl.ex Willd. = Erigeron pulchellus Michx.

Erigeron canadensis L. = Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.

E. philadelphicus L., Philadelphia Fleabane

          =E. philadelphicus var. provancheri (Vict. & Rouss.) Boivin

E. pulchellus Michx., Robin's-plantain, Poor Robin's Plantain

          =E. bellidifolius Muhl.ex Willd.

Erigeron ramosus (Walt.) BSP = Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd.

E. strigosus Muhl. ex Willd., Daisy Fleabane

          =E. acris of authors, not L.

          =E. ramosus (Walt.) BSP

          =E. strigosus varieties

ERIOCAULON L. (Eriocaulaceae)

E. aquaticum (Hill) Druce, Seven-angled Pipewort, White-buttons, Hatpins, Pipewort

          =E. articulatum (Huds.) Morong

          =E. pellucidum Michx.

          =E. septangulare With.

Eriocaulon pellucidum Michx. = Eriocaulon aquaticum (Hill) Druce

Eriocaulon septangulare With. = Eriocaulon aquaticum (Hill) Druce

ERIOCHLOA Kunth (Poaceae)

* E. acuminata (J. Presl) Kunth, Cup-grass NEW

          =E. lemmonii var. gracilis

ERIOPHORUM L. (Cyperaceae)

[Eriophorum angustifolium Honkeny was put in synonymy with Scirpus

angustifolius (Honkey) T. Koyama by Zander and Pierce and excluded.

Eriophorum angustifolium Honck. ssp. scabriusculum Hultén is reported in

both New York State (Mitchell & Tucker 1997) and Ontario (as E. triste

(Th. Fries) A. Löve & Hadac, Morton & Venn 1990). There is an unconfirmed

report for Chautauqua Co. noted by Young (1998).]

Eriophorum callithrix of authors, not Cham. = Eriophorum vaginatum ssp. spissum (Fern.) Hultén

E. gracile Koch ex Roth, Slender Cotton-grass

Eriophorum. polystachyon Torrey according to House 1924 = Eriophorum viridicarinatum (Engelm.) Fern.

[Eriophorum polystachyon var. angustifolium (Roth) Gray = Eriophorum

angustifolium Roth (excluded) in ZP. in House angustifolium is Roth and

Polyst. in Torr. not Honck or L. in M&V, E. polystachyon is in part E.

angustifolium and E. viridi-carinatum p. 26]

Eriophorum spissum Fern. = Eriophorum vaginatum L. ssp. spissum (Fern.) Hultén

E. tenellum Nutt., Rough Cotton-grass

E. vaginatum L., Hare's-tail

     ssp. spissum (Fern.) Hultén

          =E. spissum Fern.

          =E. callithrix of authors, not Cham.

E. virginicum L., Tawny Cotton-grass

          =E. virginicum var. album A. Gray

E. viridicarinatum (Engelm.) Fern., Thin-leaved Cotton-grass

          =E. polystachyon Torrey according to House 1924

ERODIUM L'Hér. ex Ait. (Geraniaceae)

* E. cicutarium (L.) L'Hér. ex Ait., Storksbill, Pinclover, Alfileria

Erophila verna (L.) Bess. = Draba verna L.

ERUCA Mill. (Brassicaceae)

Eruca sativa Mill. = Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav.

* E. vesicaria (L.) Cav., Rocket Salad, Garden-rocket

     ssp. sativa (Mill.) Thell.

          =Brassica eruca L.

          =Eruca eruca (L.) Britt. ex Britt. & Brown

          =E. sativa Mill.

ERUCASTRUM C. Presl (Brassicaceae)

* E. gallicum (Willd.) Schulz, Dog Mustard, French Rocket

          =E. pollichii Schimp. & Spinn.

          =Sisymbrium erucastrum Poll.

          =S. gallicum Willd.

Erucastrum pollichii Schimp. & Spinn. = Erucastrum gallicum (Willd.) Schulz

ERYSIMUM L. (Brassicaceae)

Erysimum alliaria L. = Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cav. & Grande

Erysimum barbarea L. = Barbarea vulgaris R. Br.

* E. cheiranthoides L., Wormseed Mustard, Treacle-mustard

          =Cheirinia cheiranthoides (L.) Link

Erysimum officinale L. = Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop.

Erysimum vernum Mill. = Barbarea verna (Mill.) Aschers

Erythraea centaurium Pers. = Centaurium erythraea Rafn. (not Raf.)

ERYTHRONIUM L. (Liliaceae)

E. albidum Nutt., White Adder's-tongue White Trout-lily, White Dog-tooth Violet

          =E. propullans of Ontario reports, not A. Gray (of Cameron, 1895)

E. americanum Ker, Yellow Adder's-tongue, Troutlily, Dog-tooth Violet Image 2

Evonymus (orth. var.) = Euonymus L.

EUONYMUS L. (Celastraceae)

E. americana L., Strawberry-bush, Bursting-heart

          "reject, Ontario report based on E. obovatus" (Morton & Venn 1990).

Euonymus americana var. obovata (Nutt.) Torr. & A. Gray = Euonymus obovata Nutt.

(* )E. atropurpurea Jacq., Wahoo, Burning Bush

* E. europaea L., Spindle-tree Image 2

* E. fortunei (Turcz.) Hand., Wintercreeper NEW

     var. radicans (Sieb. ex Miq.) Rehd.

E. obovata Nutt., Running Strawberry-bush

          =E. americana var. obovata Torrey & A. Gray ex A. Gray

Eupatoriadelphus maculatus (L.) King & H. Robinson = Eupatorium maculatum L. var. maculatum

EUPATORIUM L. (Asteraceae)

Eupatorium ageratoides L.f. = Eupatorium rugosum Houtt.

E. altissimum L., Tall Thoroughwort NEW

           "Note: Ageratina altissima (L.) King & H. Robinson is a synonym of E. rugosum" Mitchell & Tucker (1997).

Eupatorium bruneri of NY authors, not A. Gray = Eupatorium maculatum L. var. maculatum

Eupatorium bruneri var. foliosum (Fern.) House = Eupatorium maculatum L. var. foliosum (Fern.) Wieg.

Eupatorium falcatum Michx. = Eupatorium purpureum L.

E. fistulosum Barratt, Joe-Pye-weed, Trumpetweed NEW NEW

E. maculatum L., Joe-Pye-weed Image 2

     var. foliosum (Fern.) Wieg.

          =E. bruneri var. foliosum (Fern.) House

          =E. maculatum var. bruneri (A. Gray) Breit., not Dougl.

          =E. purpureum var. foliosum Fern.

     var. maculatum

          =E. bruneri of NY authors, not A. Gray

          =E. purpureum var. maculatum (L.) Darl.

          =Eupatoriadelphus maculatus (L.) King & H. Robinson

E. perfoliatum L., Boneset, Thoroughwort Image 2 3

E. purpureum L., Green-stemmed Joe-Pye-weed

          =E. falcatum Michx.

          Eupatorium purpureum (of Day, 1882) was redetermined to be Eupatorium

maculatum L. (Zander & Pierce, 1979). Zenkert (1934, as E. falcatum Michx.)

reports the species as "Rather rare. Open woods, edges of woods, in dry to

damp soil; sparse." Eaton and Schrot (1987) report this species, in

Cattaraugus County, as "Frequent along roadsides edges of woods, meadows,

alluvium of Allegheny River; abundant."

Eupatorium purpureum var. foliosum Fern. = Eupatorium maculatum L. var. foliosum (Fern.) Wieg.

Eupatorium purpureum var. maculatum (L.) Darl. = Eupatorium maculatum L. var. maculatum

E. rugosum Houtt., White Snakeroot, White Sanicle Image 2

          =Ageratina altissima (L.) R. King & H. Robinson

          =Eupatorium ageratoides L.f.

          =E. urticaefolium Reich.

Eupatorium urticaefolium Reich. = Eupatorium rugosum Houtt.

EUPHORBIA L. (Euphorbiaceae)

* E. corollata L., Flowering Spurge, Tramp's Spurge, Wild-hippo Image 2

* E. cyparissias L., Cypress Spurge

* E. dentata Michx., Toothed Spurge

          =Poinsettia dentata (Michx.) Klotzsch & Garcke

* E. esula L., Leafy Spurge, Wolf's Milk

          =E. esula L. ssp. esula

          =E. esula L. ssp. tommasiniana (Bertol.) Nyman

          =E. x pseudovirgata (Schur.) Soó

          =E. virgata Waldst. & Kit.

* E. helioscopia L., Sun Spurge, Wartweed

Euphorbia hirsuta (Torr.) Weig. = Chamaesyce vermiculata (Raf.) House

Euphorbia humistrata of NY reports, not Engelm. = Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Small

Euphorbia hypericifolia of authors and Ontario reports = Chamaesyce nutans (Lag.) Small

* E. lathyris L., Myrtle Spurge, Caper Spurge, Mole Plant, Mole Spurge

Euphorbia maculata L. = Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Small

Euphorbia maculata of authors in part not (L.) Small = Chamaesyce nutans (Lag.) Small

Euphorbia nutans Lag. = Chamaesyce nutans (Lag.) Small

* E. peplus L., Petty Spurge

Euphorbia platyphylla of authors = Euphorbia platyphyllos L.

* E. platyphyllos L., Broad-leaved Spurge

          =E. platyphyllus and platyphylla of authors

Euphorbia polygonifolia L. = Chamaesyce polygonifolia (L.) Small

Euphorbia preslii Guss. = Chamaesyce nutans (Lag.) Small

Euphorbia supina Raf. = Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Small

Euphorbia vermiculata Raf. = Chamaesyce vermiculata (Raf.) House

EUPHRASIA L. (Scrophulariaceae)

* E. stricta Wolff ex Lehm., Eyebright NEW

          =E. condensata Jord.

          =E. officinalis L.

          =E. rigidula Jord.

EUTHAMIA Nutt. ex Cass. (Asteraceae)

E. graminifolia (L.) Nutt. ex Cass., Narrow-leaved Goldenrod

          =Euthamia graminifolia var. nuttallii (Greene) Stone

          =Solidago graminifolia (L.) Salisb.

          =S. graminifolia var. nuttallii (Greene) Fern.

          =S. graminifolia var. polycephala (Fern.) Fern.

          =S. lanceolata L.

          =S. polycephala Fern.

FAGOPYRUM Mill. (Polygonaceae)

* F. esculentum Moench, Buckwheat Image 2

          =F. fagopyrum (L.) Karst.

          =F. sagittatum Gilib., a nom. rej.

          =F. vulgare Hill

Fagopyrum sagittatum Gilib. = Fagopyrum esculentum Moench

Fagopyrum vulgare Hill = Fagopyrum esculentum Moench

FAGUS L. (Fagaceae)

Fagus ferruginea Ait. = Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.

F. grandifolia Ehrh., Beech, American Beech, Beechnut Image 2

          =F. ferruginea Ait.

          =F. grandifolia var. caroliniana (Loud.) Fern. & Rehd.

Falcata comosa (L.) Kuntze = Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Rickett & Stafleu

Fedia fagopyrum Torr. & A. Gray = Valerianella chenopodifolia (Pursh) DC.

Fedia olitoria (L.) Vahl = Valerianella locusta (L.) Laterr. (not Betcke)

FESTUCA L. (Poaceae)

Festuca brachyphylla of NY report, not Schultes = Festuca filiformis Pourret

Festuca capillata Lam. = Festuca filiformis Pourret

Festuca duriuscula of authors, not L. = Festuca trachyphylla (Hackel) Krajina

Festuca elatior L., a nomen confusum = Lolium pratense (Hudson) S. Darbyshire

* F. filiformis Pourret, Hair Fescue

          =F. brachyphylla of NY report, not Schultes

          =F. capillata Lam.

          =F. ovina var. capillata (Lam.) Alef.

          =F. tenuifolia Sibth.

Festuca longifolia Thuill. = Festuca trachyphylla (Hackel) Krajina

Festuca nutans (of authors) = Festuca subverticillata (Pers.) Alexe'ev

Festuca obtusa Biehler ex Spreng. = Festuca subverticillata (Pers.) Alexe'ev

Festuca octoflora Walt. = Vulpia octoflora (Walt.) Rydb.

Festuca ovina of some authors, not L. = Festuca trachyphylla (Hackel) Krajina

Festuca ovina var. capillata (Lam.) Alef. = Festuca filiformis Pourret

Festuca ovina var. duriuscula (L.) Koch = Festuca trachyphylla (Hackel) Krajina

Festuca ovina var. hispidula Richt. = Festuca trachyphylla (Hackel) Krajina

Festuca pratensis Huds. = Lolium pratense (Hudson) S. Darbyshire

F. rubra L., Red Fescue

* ssp. fallax Thuill. Chewing's Fescue

           =F. rubra var. commutata Gaud.

* ssp. rubra

F. subverticillata (Pers.) Alexe'ev, Nodding Fescue

          =F. obtusa Biehler

          =F. nutans (of authors)

Festuca tenella Willd. = Vulpia octoflora (Walt.) Rydb. var. glauca (Nutt.) Fern.

Festuca tenuifolia Sibth. = Festuca filiformis Pourret

* F. trachyphylla (Hackel) Krajina, Sheep Fescue

          =F. duriuscula of authors, not L.

          =F. longifolia Thuill.

          =F. ovina of some authors, not L.

          =F. ovina var. duriuscula (L.) Koch

          =F. ovina var. hispidula Richt.

Ficaria ficaria (L.) Karst. = Ranunculus ficaria L.

FILIPENDULA P. Mill. (Rosaceae)

* F. ulmaria (L.) Maxim., Queen of the Meadow, Meadow-sweet, Whipped-Cream, Spiraea

          =F. ulmaria var. denudata (J. & C. Presl) Beck

Filix bulbifera (L.) Underw. = Cystopteris bulbifera (L.) Bernh.

Filix fragilis (L.) Gilib. = Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh.

Fimbristylis capillaris A. Gray = Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) Clarke

FLOERKEA Willd. (Limnanthaceae)

F. proserpinacoides Willd., False Mermaid

FOENICULUM Mill. (Apiaceae)

* F. vulgare Mill., Fennel

          =Anethum foeniculum of Clinton's Journal 1862, Oct. 9

          =F. foeniculum (L.) Karst.

FRAGARIA L. (Rosaceae)

Fragaria americana (Porter) Britt. = Fragaria vesca ssp. americana (Porter) Staudt

Fragaria canadensis Michx., not Crantz = Fragaria virginiana Duchesne

Fragaria grayana Vilm. ex Gay = Fragaria virginiana Duchesne

Fragaria michauxiana House = Fragaria virginiana Duchesne

Fragaria platypetala Rydb. = Fragaria virginiana Duchesne

F. vesca L., Woodland Strawberry, Sow-teat Strawberry

     ssp. americana (Porter) Staudt, American Wood Strawberry

          =F. americana (Porter) Britt.

          =F. vesca var. americana Porter

* ssp. vesca L. European Strawberry

F. virginiana Duchesne, Virginia Strawberry

          =F. canadensis Michx., not Crantz

          =F. grayana Vilm. ex Gay

          =F. michauxiana House

          =F. platypetala Rydb.

          =F. virginiana ssp. grayana (Vilm. ex Gay) Staudt

          =F. virginiana ssp. platypetala (Rydb.) Staudt

          =F. virginiana var. illinoensis (Prince) A. Gray

          =F. virginiana var. terra-novae (Rydb.) Fern.

Frangula alnus Mill. = Rhamnus frangula L.

FRASERA Walt. (Gentianaceae)

F. caroliniensis Walt., American Columbo, Green Gentian

          =Swertia caroliniensis (Walt.) Kuntze

FRAXINUS L. (Oleaceae)

F. americana L., White Ash, American Ash

          =F. americana var. microcarpa A. Gray

* F. excelsior L., European Ash. NEW

Fraxinus lanceolata Borkh. = Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.

F. nigra Marsh., Black Ash

          =Fraxinus sambucifolia Lam.

F. pennsylvanica Marsh., Red Ash, Green Ash

          =F. lanceolata Borkh.

          =F. pennsylvanica var. lanceolata (Borkh.) Sarg.

          =F. pennsylvanica var. subintegerrima (Vahl) Fern.

          =F. pennsylvanica varieties

          =F. pubescens of American authors, not Lam.

          =F. quadrangulata of NY reports, not Michx.

          =F. viridis Michx.f.

Fraxinus profunda Bush = Fraxinus tomentosa Michx. f. (excluded by Zander & Pierce 1979)

Fraxinus pubescens of American authors, not Lam. = Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.

Fraxinus quadrangulata of NY reports, not Michx. = Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.

Fraxinus sambucifolia Lam. = Fraxinus nigra Marsh.

Fraxinus viridis Michx.f. = Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.

FROELICHIA Moench (Amaranthaceae)

* F. gracilis (Hooker) Moq., Cottonweed, Slender Snake-cotton NEW

          =Oplotheca gracilis Hooker

FUIRENA Rottb. (Cyperaceae)

Fuirena hispida of NY reports, not Ell. = Fuirena pumila (Torr.) Spreng.

F. pumila (Torr.) Spreng., Umbrella-grass NEW

          =F. hispida of NY reports, not Ell.

          =F. squarrosa of NY reports, in large part, not Michx.

Fuirena squarrosa of NY reports, in large part, not Michx. = Fuirena pumila (Torr.) Spreng.

FUMARIA L. (Fumariaceae)

Fumaria fungosa Ait. = Adlumia fungosa (Ait.) Greene ex BSP.

Fumaria recta Raf. = Adlumia fungosa (Ait.) Greene ex BSP.

* F. officinalis L., Fumitory, Earth-smoke

GALACTIA P. Br. (Fabaceae)

Galactia glabella of NY reports, not Michx. = Galactia volubilis (L.) Britt.

Galactia regularis of NY reports, not (L.) BSP. = Galactia volubilis (L.) Britt.

G. volubilis (L.) Britt., Downy Milk Pea

          =G. glabella of NY reports, not Michx.

          =G. regularis of NY reports, not (L.) BSP.

Gale palustris (Lam.) Chev. = Myrica gale L.

GALEARIS Raf. (Orchidaceae)

G. spectabilis (L.) Raf., Showy Orchis

          =Galeorchis spectabilis (L.) Rydb. ex Britt.

          =Orchis spectabilis L.

GALEGA L. (Fabaceae)

G. officinalis L., Catgut, Goat's-rue NEW

GALEOPSIS L. (Lamiaceae)

* G. tetrahit L., Hemp-nettle

* var. bifida (Boenn.) Lej. & Court.

          =G. bifida Boenn.

          =G. tetrahit var. bifida (Boenn.) Lej. & Court.

* var. tetrahit

Galeorchis spectabilis (L.) Rydb. ex Britt. = Galearis spectabilis (L.) Raf.

GALINSOGA Ruiz & Pavón (Asteraceae)

Galinsoga bicolorata St. John & White = Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz & Pavón

Galinsoga caracasana (DC.) Schultz = Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz & Pavón

Galinsoga ciliata (Raf.) Blake = Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz & Pavón

* G. parviflora Cav., Peruvian Daisy, Galinsoga, Quickweed

* G. quadriradiata Ruiz & Pavón, Peruvian Daisy, Quickweed, Gardener's-Blight Image 2

          =G. bicolorata St. John & White

          =G. caracasana (DC.) Schultz.

          =G. ciliata (Raf.) Blake

GALIUM L. (Rubiaceae)

(* )G. aparine L., Cleavers, Bedstraw, Goosegrass

G. asprellum Michx., Rough Bedstraw

G. boreale L., Northern Bedstraw

          =G. boreale varieties

Galium brandegei Gray in part = Galium trifidum L. ssp. trifidum

Galium brevipes Fern. & Wieg. = Galium trifidum L. ssp. trifidum

G. circaezans Michx., Wild Liquorice Bedstraw

     var. circaezans

          =G. circaezans var. glabrum Britt.

     var. hypomalacum Fern. NEW

Galium claytonii Michx. = Galium tinctorium L.

Galium erectum Huds. = Galium mollugo L.

G. labradoricum (Wieg.) Wieg., Northern Marsh Bedstraw, Cleavers

G. lanceolatum Torr., Torrey's Wild Liquorice Bedstraw

* G. mollugo L., Carpet-weed Bedstraw, False Baby's-breath, Wild Madder Image 2

          =G. erectum Huds.

          =G. mollugo var. erectum (Huds.) Domin.

G. obtusum Bigel., Blunt-leaved Marsh Bedstraw

          =G. tinctorium of some NY reports, not L.

* G. odoratum (L.) Scop., Sweet Woodruff

          =Asperula odorata L.

G. palustre L., Marsh Bedstraw, Ditch Bedstraw

G. pilosum Ait., Hairy Bedstraw

G. tinctorium L., Stiff Marsh Bedstraw

          =G. claytonii Michx.

          =G. trifidum ssp. tinctorium (L.) Hara

          =G. trifidum var. tinctorium (L.) Torr. & A. Gray

G. trifidum L., Small Bedstraw

     ssp. trifidum

          =G. brandegei Gray in part

          =G. brevipes Fern. & Wieg.

Galium trifidum ssp. tinctorium (L.) Hara = Galium tinctorium L.

Galium trifidum var. tinctorium (L.) Torr. & Gray = Galium tinctorium L.

G. triflorum Michx., Sweet-scented Bedstraw

          =G. triflorum var. asprelliforme Fern.

* G. verum L., Yellow Bedstraw

     ssp. verum

GAILLARDIA Foug. (Asteraceae)

* G. aristata Pursh, Blanket-flower NEW

          =G. pulchella of some reports, not Foug.

GAULTHERIA L. (Ericaceae)

G. hispidula (L.) Muhl. ex Bigel., Creeping Snowberry, Moxie-plum, Maidenhair-berry Image 2

          =Chiogenes hispidula (L.) Torr. & A. Gray

G. procumbens L., Wintergreen, Checker-berry, Teaberry, Mountain-tea, Ivory-leaf

GAURA L. (Onagraceae)

G. biennis L., Biennial Gaura

GAYLUSSACIA Kunth (Ericaceae)

G. baccata (Wang.) Koch, Black Huckleberry

          =Andromeda baccata Wang

          =G. resinosa (Ait.) Torr.& A. Gray ex Torr.

G. frondosa (L.) Torr. & A. Gray ex Torr., Dangleberry, Dwarf Huckleberry, Blue-tangle

          =Vaccinium frondosum L.

Gaylussacia resinosa (Ait.) Torr.& A. Gray ex Torr. = Gaylussacia baccata (Wang.) K. Koch

Genista scoparia (L.) Lam. = Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link

GENTIANA L. (Gentianaceae)

G. andrewsii Griseb., Closed Gentian, Bottle Gentian

          =G. andrewsii fo. albiflora Britt.

G. clausa Raf., Blind Gentian, Closed Gentian, Bottle Gentian

Gentiana crinita Froel. = Gentianopsis crinita (Froel.) Ma

Gentiana detonsa (of Day, 1882) = Gentianopsis procera (Holm) Ma

Gentiana procera Holm = Gentianopsis procera (Holm) Ma

Gentiana puberula of authors, not Michx. = Gentiana puberulenta Pringle

G. puberulenta Pringle, Downy Gentian

          =Dasystephana grayi of NY reports, not (Kusn.) Britt.

          =G. puberula of authors, not Michx.

Gentiana quinquefolia L. = Gentianella quinquefolia (L.) Small

G. saponaria L., Soapwort Gentian

GENTIANELLA Moench (Gentianaceae)

G. quinquefolia (L.) Small, Stiff Gentian, Ague-weed, Gall-of-the-Earth

          =Gentiana quinquefolia L.

          =Gentianella quinquefolia ssp. occidentalis (A. Gray) Gillett

GENTIANOPSIS Ma (Gentianaceae)

G. crinita (Froel.) Ma, Fringed Gentian

          =Gentiana crinita Froel.

G. procera (Holm) Ma, Smaller Fringed Gentian

          =Gentiana detonsa (of Day, 1882)

          =Gentiana procera Holm

GERANIUM L. (Geraniaceae)

G. bicknellii Britt., Northern Crane's-bill

          =G. bicknellii var. longipes (S. Wats.) Fern.

          =G. carolinianum var. longipes S. Wats.

G. carolinianum L., Carolina Crane's-bill

     var. carolinianum

           =G. carolinianum var. confertiflorum Fern.

Geranium carolinianum var. longipes S. Wats. = Geranium bicknellii Britt.

* G. dissectum L., Cutleaved Crane's-bill

G. maculatum L.,Wild Crane's-bill, Spotted Geranium, Alumroot, Purple Cranesbill Image 2 3 4

* G. molle L., Dove's-foot Crane's-bill

Geranium pratense of authors, not L., and of Zenkert (1934) = Geranium solanderi Carolin

* G. pusillum Burm.f. (not L.), Small-flowered Crane's-bill

G. robertianum L., Herb Robert Image 2 3

[* G. rotundifolium L., Round-leaved Crane's-bill, of Zenkert (1934), is excluded from the New York flora by Mitchell and Tucker (1997) as "old mis-ID's of G. bicknellii and G. sibericum."]

[* G. solanderi Carolin, of Zenkert, 1934, is excluded from the New York flora by Mitchell and Tucker (1997) as "old, incorrect reports"]

Gerardia flava L. = Aureolaria flava (L.) Farw. var. flava

Gerardia flava var. macrantha (Pennell) Fern. = Aureolaria flava var. macrantha Pennell

Gerardia integrifolia Gray = Aureolaria flava (L.) Farw.

Gerardia paupercula var. borealis (Pennell) Deam = Agalinis paupercula (Gray ) Britt. var. borealis Pennell

Gerardia pedicularia L. = Aureolaria pedicularia (L.) Raf.

Gerardia purpurea var. parviflora Benth. = Agalinis paupercula (Gray) Britt. var. borealis Pennell

Gerardia quercifolia Pursh = Aureolaria flava (L.) Farw. var. flava

Gerardia tenuifolia Vahl = Agalinis tenuifolia (Vahl.) Raf.

Gerardia virginica (L.) BSP. = Aureolaria virginica (L.) Pennell

GEUM L. (Rosaceae)

Geum agrimonioides Pursh = Potentilla arguta Pursh

Geum album J.F. Gmel. = Geum canadense Jacq.

G. aleppicum Jacq., Yellow Avens

          =G. allepicum ssp. strictum (Ait.) Clausen

          =G. aleppicum var. strictum (Ait.) Fern.

          =G. strictum Ait.

G. canadense Jacq., White Avens

          =G. album J. F. Gmel.

          =G. canadense var. camporum (Rydb.) Fern.

          =G. canadense var. grimesii Fern. & Weath.

Geum carolinianum Walt. = Geum canadense Jacq.

Geum flavum (Porter) Bickn. = Geum virginianum L.

Geum hirsutum Muhl. = Geum virginianum L.

G. laciniatum Murray, Rough Avens, Herb-bennet NEW

          =G. laciniatum var. trichocarpum Fern.

          =G. virginianum sensu House (1924), not L.

G. macrophyllum Willd., Large-leaved Avens

G. rivale L., Purple Avens, Chocolate-root, Water Avens

Geum strictum Ait. = Geum aleppicum Jacq.

G. verum (Raf.) Torrey & A. Gray, Spring Avens NEW

* G. urbanum L., Town Avens NEW

G. virginianum L., Rough Avens, Herb-bennet

          =G. flavum (Porter) Bickn.

          =G. hirsutum Muhl.

Gilia linearis (Nutt.) Gray = Collomia linearis Nutt.

Gillenia trifoliata (L.) Moench = Porteranthus trifoliatus (L.) Britt.

Ginannia lanata (L.) Hubbard = Holcus lanatus L.

GLECHOMA L. (Lamiaceae)

* G. hederacea L., Gill-over-the-Ground Image 2

          =G. hederacea var. micrantha Moric.

          =G. hederacea var. parviflora (Benth.) House

          =Nepeta glechoma Benth.

          =N. hederacea (L.) Trev.

GLEDITSIA L. (Fabaceae)

* G. triacanthos L., Honey Locust, Honey-shuck

          =G. triacanthos var. inermis (L.) Schneid.

GLYCERIA R. Br. (Poaceae)

Glyceria aquatica (of authors) = Glyceria grandis S. Wats

[Glyceria arkansana Fern. Mannagrass = G. septentrionalis Hitchc. var. arkansana Steyerm. & Kucera Rarity status State U TNC Rank: G5 SX: reports unconfirmed by specimens for Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Erie and Niagara Co. (Young 1998). "Note: There is a Sartwell specimen at Harvard (ca. 1840) labeled "western New York." (Mitchell & Tucker 1997). Reported by Mitchell and Tucker (1997) as extirpated from New York State.]

G. borealis (Nash) Batchelder, Northern Manna-grass

          =Panicularia borealis Nash

G. canadensis (Michx.) Trin., Rattlesnake-grass

          =Panicularia canadensis (Michx.) Kuntze

Glyceria elongata (Torr.) Trin. = Glyceria melicaria (Michx.) Hubbard

Glyceria fluitans (L.) R.Br. (excluded by Zander & Pierce 1979)

G. grandis S. Wats., Reed Meadow-grass

          =G. maxima (Hartm.) Holmb. ssp. grandis (S.Wats.) Hultén

          =Panicularia grandis (S. Wats.) Nash

Glyceria grandis S. Wats. = Glyceria grandis S. Wats.

Glyceria maxima ssp. grandis (S. Wats.) Hultén = Glyceria grandis S. Wats.

G. melicaria (Michx.) Hubbard, Long Manna-grass, Slender Mannagrass

          =G. elongata (Torr.) Trin.

          =Panicularia melicaria (Michx.) Hitchc.

Glyceria nervata (Willd.) Trin. = Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchc.

Glyceria pallida (Torr.) Trin. = Torreyochloa pallida (Torr.) Church var. pallida

G. septentrionalis Hitchc., Floating Manna-grass

          =G. striata var. stricta (Scribn.) Fern.

          =Panicularia septentrionalis (Hitchc.) Bickn.

G. striata (Lam.) Hitchc., Nerved Manna-grass, Fowl Mannagrass

          =G. nervata (Willd.) Trin.

          =Panicularia nervata (Willd.) Kuntze

Glyceria striata var. stricta (Scribn.) Fern. = Glyceria septentrionalis Hitchc.

Glycine bracteata L. = Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Rickett & Stafleu

Glycine apios L. = Apios americana Medik.

Glycine comosa L. = Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Rickett & Stafleu

GLYCYRRHIZA L. (Fabaceae)

G. lepidota Nutt. ex Pursh, Wild Liquorice

          =Liquivitia lepidota Nutt. ex Fras., a nomen illeg.

          "Incorrect authority-citations for G. lepidota include: (Nutt.) Pursh and (Nutt.) Nutt. ex Pursh." Mitchell & Tucker, 1997.

GNAPHALIUM L. (Asteraceae)

Gnaphalium decurrens Ives = Gnaphalium macounii Greene, according to House 1924

G. macounii Greene, Macoun's Cudweed, Everlasting NEW

          =G. decurrens Ives according to House 1924

          ="Gnaphalium viscosum on NY reports, not Kunth, fide Cronquist, who saw the type specimens" (Mitchell & Tucker, 1997).

G. obtusifolium L., Fragrant Everlasting

          =G. polycephalum Michx.

Gnaphalium polycephalum Michx. = Gnaphalium obtusifolium L.

G. purpureum L., Purple or Sweet Ever-lasting, Cudweed NEW

          =Gamochaeta purpurea (L.) Cabrera

G. uliginosum L., Low Cudweed

          =Filaginella uliginosa (L.) Opiz

"Gnaphalium viscosum on NY reports, not Kunth, fide Cronquist, who saw the type specimens" (Mitchell & Tucker, 1997)= Gnaphalium macounii Greene

Gonolobus laevis (of authors) = Cynanchum laeve (Michx.) Pers.

GOODYERA R. Br. (Orchidaceae)

G. pubescens (Willd.) R. Br., Downy Rattlesnake-plantain

          =Epipactis pubescens (Willd.) A. A. Eat.

          =Peramium pubescens (Willd.) MacM.

G. repens (L.) R. Br., Rattlesnake-plantain

          =Epipactis repens var. ophoides (Fern.) A.A. Eat.

          =Goodyera repens var. ophioides Fern.

          =Peramium repens (L.) Salisb.

          =Peramium secundum (Raf.) House

GRATIOLA L. (Scrophulariaceae)

G. neglecta Torr., Clammy Gratiola, Mud-hyssop

          =G. virginiana of some early NY reports, not L.

GRINDELIA Willd. (Asteraceae)

* G. squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal Gum Plant

* var. squarrosa

          =G. nuda Wood

          =G. squarrosa var. nuda of authors, not (Wood) A. Gray

Grossularia cynosbati (L.) Mill. = Ribes cynosbati L.

Gymnadeniopsis clavellata (Michx.) Rydb. ex Britt. = Platanthera clavellata (Michx.) Luer

GYMNOCARPIUM Newm. (Dryopteridaceae)

G. dryopteris (L.) Newm., Oak Fern

          =Dryopteris disjuncta (Ledeb.) Morton

          =Phegopteris dryopteris (L.) Fée

          =Polypodium dryopteris L.

          =Thelypteris dryopteris (L.) Slosson

GYMNOCLADUS Lamark (Fabaceae)

Gymnocladus canadensis Lam. = Gymnocladus dioica (L.) K. Koch

(* )G. dioica (L.) K. Koch, Kentucky Coffee-tree

          =G. Canadensis Lam.

Gymnostichum hystrix (L.) Schreb. = Elymus hystrix L. var. hystrix

Habenaria blephariglottis (Willd.) Hook. = Platanthera blephariglottis (Willd.) Lindl.

Habenaria blephariglottis var. holopetala (Lindl.) Gray = Platanthera blephariglottis (Willd.) Lindl.

Habenaria bracteata (Willd.) R.Br. = Coeloglossum viride (L.) Hartm.

Habenaria clavellata (Michx.) Spreng. = Platanthera clavellata (Michx.) Luer

Habenaria dilatata (Pursh) Hook. = Platanthera dilatata (Pursh) Lindl. ex Beck

Habenaria dilatata var. media (Rydb.) Ames = Platanthera dilatata (Pursh) Lindl. ex Beck

Habenaria fimbriata (Dryand. ex Ait.) R.Br. = Platanthera grandiflora (Bigel.) Lindl.

Habenaria flava var. herbiola (R. Br.) Ames & Correll = Platanthera flava (L.) Lindl. var. herbiola (R. Br.) Luer

Habenaria flava var. virescens (Muhl. ex Willd.) Fern. = Platanthera flava (L.) Lindl. var. herbiola (R.Br.) Luer

Habenaria herbiola R. Br. = Platanthera flava (L.) Lindl. var. herbiola (R. Br.) Luer.

Habenaria hookeri Torr. ex Gray = Platanthera hookeri (Torr. ex Gray) Lindl.

Habenaria hyperborea (L.) R. Br. = Platanthera hyperborea var. hyperborea (L.) Lindl.

Habenaria leucophaea (Nutt.) A. Gray = Platanthera leucophaea (Nutt.) Lindl.

Habenaria orbiculata (Pursh) Torr. = Platanthera orbiculata var. orbiculata (Pursh) Lindl.

Habenaria peramoena of some NY reports, not A. Gray = Platanthera psycodes (L.) Lindl. or P. grandiflora (Bigel.) Lindl.; see P. peramoena below.

Habenaria psycodes (L.) Spreng. = Platanthera psycodes (L.) Lindl.

Habenaria psycodes var. grandiflora (Bigel.) Gray = Platanthera grandiflora (Bigel.) Lindl.

Habenaria virescens Muhl.ex Willd. = Platanthera flava (L.) Lindl. var. herbiola (R. Br.) Luer

Habenaria viridis (L.) R. Br. ex Ait. = Coeloglossum viride (L.) Hartm.

Habenaria viridis (L.) R. Br. var. bracteata (Muhl.) ex Willd.) A. Gray = Coeloglossum viride (L.) Hartm.

HACKELIA Opiz (Boraginaceae)

H. virginiana (L.) Johnst., Virginia Stickseed, Beggar-lice

          =Cynoglossum morisonii A. DC.

          =Lappula virginiana (L.) Greene

HAMAMELIS L. (Hamamelidaceae)

Hamamelis macrophylla Pursh = Hamamelis virginiana L.

H. virginiana L., Witch Hazel, Devil's Coffee Image 2 3

          =H. macrophylla Pursh

          =H. virginiana var. parviflora (Nutt.) Torr. & A. Gray

HEDEOMA Pers. (Lamiaceae)

Hedeoma arkansana Nutt. = Calamintha arkansana (Nutt.) Shinners

H. pulegioides (L.) Pers., American Pennyroyal, Mock-pennyroyal

HEDERA L. (Araliaceae)

* H. helix L., English Ivy NEW

Hedyotis caerulea (L.) Hook. = Houstonia caerulea L.

Hedyotis longifolia (Gaertn.) Hook. = Houstonia longifolia Gaertn.

Hedysarum onobrychis L. = Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.

Heleborus trifolius L. = Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb.

HELENIUM L. (Asteraceae)

H. autumnale L., Sneezeweed

     var. autumnale

          =H. autumnale var. canaliculatum (Lam.) Torr. & A. Gray

          =H. latifolium Mill.

* H. flexuosum Raf., Purple-headed Sneezeweed

          =H. nudiflorum Nutt.

Helenium latifolium Mill. = Helenium autumnale L. var. autumnale

Helenium nudiflorum Nutt. = Helenium flexuosum Raf.

HELIANTHEMUM Mill. (Cistaceae)

H. canadense (L.) Michx., Frostweed

          =Cistus canadensis L.

          =Crocanthemum canadense (L.) Britt. ex Britt. & Brown

          =Helianthemum canadense var. sabulonum Fern.

          =Lechea major L.

HELIANTHUS L. (Asteraceae)

* H. annuus L., Common Sunflower, Mirasol Image 2

H. decapetalus L., Thin-leaf Sunflower

          =H. scrophulariifolius Britt.

          =H. trachelifolius Mill.

H. divaricatus L., Woodland Sunflower

          =H. divaricatus var. angustifolius Kuntze

Helianthus doronicoides (of Day, 1882) = Helianthus tuberosus L.

H. giganteus L., Tall Sunflower

          =H. giganteus var. subtuberosus (Bourgeau) Britt.

* H. grosseserratus Martens, Sawtoothed Sunflower

Helianthus laetiflorus Pers. = Helianthus pauciflorus Nutt. ssp. subrhomboideus (Rydb.) Spring & Schilling

Helianthus laetiflorus var. rigidus Cass. = Helianthus pauciflorus Nutt. ssp. subrhomboideus (Rydb.) Spring & Schilling

Helianthus laetiflorus var. subrhomboideus (Rydb.) Fern. = Helianthus pauciflorus Nutt. ssp. subrhomboideus (Rydb.) Spring & Schilling

* H. pauciflorus Nutt., Prairie Sunflower

     ssp. subrhomboideus (Rydb.) Spring & Schilling Showy Sunflower

          =H. laetiflorus Pers.

          =H. laetiflorus var. rigidus Cass.

          =H. laetiflorus var. subrhomboideus (Rydb.) Fern.

          =H. rigidus (Cass.) Fern.

          =H. rigidus ssp. subrhomboides (Rydb.) Heiser

          =H. scaberrimus Ell.

          =H. subrhomboideus Rydb.

* H. pauciflorus ssp. subrhomboideus x tuberosus = H. x laetiflorus Pers. Sunflower NEW

          =Helianthus rigidus x tuberosus = H. x laetiflorus

* H. petiolaris Nutt., Prairie Sunflower

Helianthus rigidus (Cass.) Fern. = Helianthus pauciflorus Nutt. ssp. subrhomboideus (Rydb.) Spring & Schilling

Helianthus rigidus x tuberosus = H. x laetiflorus = [Helianthus pauciflorus ssp. subrhomboideus x tuberosus = H. x laetiflorus Pers.]

Helianthus rigidus ssp. subrhomboides (Rydb.) Heiser = Helianthus pauciflorus Nutt. ssp. subrhomboideus (Rydb.) Spring & Schilling

Helianthus scaberrimus Ell. = Helianthus pauciflorus Nutt. ssp. subrhomboideus (Rydb.) Spring & Schilling

Helianthus scrophulariifolius Britt. = Helianthus decapetalus L.

H. strumosus L. Pale-leaved Sunflower, Wood Sunflower

Helianthus subrhomboideus Rydb. = Helianthus pauciflorus Nutt. ssp. subrhomboideus (Rydb.) Spring & Schilling

Helianthus trachelifolius Mill. = Helianthus decapetalus L.

* H. tuberosus L., Jerusalem Artichoke Image 2 3 4

          =H. doronicoides (of Day, 1882)

          =H. tuberosus var. subcanescens Gray

HELIOPSIS Pers. (Asteraceae)

H. helianthoides (L.) Sweet, False Sunflower, Ox-eye

          =H. helianthoides ssp. scabra (Dunal) Fisch.

          =H. helianthoides var. scabra (Dunal) Fern.

          =H. laevis Pers.

          =H. laevis var. scabra (Dunal) Torr. & A. Gray

          =H. scabra Dunal

Heliopsis laevis Pers. = Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet

Heliopsis laevis var. scabra (Dunal) Torr. & A. Gray = Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet

Heliopsis scabra Dunal = Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet

HEMEROCALLIS L. (Liliaceae)

* H. fulva (L.) L., Orange Day Lily

HEPATICA Mill. (Ranunculaceae)

Hepatica acutiloba DC. = Hepatica nobilis Mill. var. acuta (Pursh) Steyerm.

Hepatica americana (DC.) Ker. = Hepatica nobilis Mill. var. obtusa (Pursh) Steyerm.

H. nobilis Mill., Liverleaf, Liverwort, Hepatica

     var. acuta (Pursh) Steyerm., Sharp-lobed Hepatica

          =Anemone acutiloba (DC.) Lawson

          =Hepatica acutiloba DC.

     var. obtusa (Pursh) Steyerm., Blunt-lobed Hepatica

          =A. hepatica (of authors)

          =H. americana (DC.) Ker.

          =H. triloba Chaix [

Hepatica triloba Chaix = Hepatica nobilis Mill. var. obtusa (Pursh) Steyerm.

HERACLEUM L. (Apiaceae)

* H. mantegazzianum Somm. & Levier, Giant Hogweed

H. maximum Bartr., Cow Parsnip, Masterwort Image 2 3 4

          =H. lanatum Michx.

          =H. sphondylium var. montanum (Schleich. ex Gaud.) Briq.

Heracleum lanatum Michx. = Heracleum maximum Bartr.

Heracleum sphondylium var. montanum (Schleich. ex Gaud.) Briq. = Heracleum maximum Bartr.

HESPERIS L. (Brassicaceae)

* H. matronalis L., Dame's Rocket, Dame's-violet, Mother-of-the-evening

          =H. matronalis ssp. cladotricha (Borbas) Hayek

HETERANTHERA Ruiz & Pavón (Pontederiaceae)

H. dubia (Jacq.) MacM., Water Stargrass

          =Schollera graminea (Michx.) Raf.

          =Zosterella dubia (Jacq.) Small

Heterochloa schoenoides (L.) Host = Crypsis schoenoides (L.) Lam.

HIBISCUS L. (Malvaceae)

Hibiscus collinsiana Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray = Hibiscus trionum L.

H. moscheutos L. Rose-mallow, Rose-mallow, Swamp-rose, Marsh Rose, Marsh-mallow, Wild Cotton

          =H. oculiroseus Britt.

          =H. opulifolius Greene

          =H. palustris L.

Hibiscus oculiroseus Britt. = Hibiscus moscheutos L.

Hibiscus opulifolius Greene = Hibiscus moscheutos L.

Hibiscus palustris L. = Hibiscus moscheutos L.

* H. trionum L., Flower-of-an-hour

          =H. collinsiana Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Gray

          =Trionum trionum (L.) Wooten & Standl.

Hicoria alba of some American authors, not (L.) Nutt. ex Ell. = Carya ovata (Mill.) K. Koch

Hicoria cordiformis (Wang.) Britt. ex Britt. & Schafer = Carya cordiformis (Wang.) K. Koch

Hicoria glabra (Mill.) Britt. = Carya glabra (Mill.) Sweet

Hicoria laciniosa (Michx. f.) Sarg. = Carya laciniosa (Michx. f.) G. Don

Hicoria ovalis (Wang.) Ashe = Carya ovalis (Wang.) Sarg.

Hicoria ovata (Mill.) Britt. = Carya ovata (Mill.) Koch

Hicoria ovata var. fraxinifolia (Sarg.) Ashe = Carya ovata (Mill.) Koch

Hicoria ovata var. nuttallii (Sarg.) Ashe = Carya ovata (Mill.) Koch

Hicoria tomentosa (Poir. ex Lam.) Raf. = Carya tomentosa (Poir. ex Lam.) Nutt.

HIERACIUM L. (Asteraceae)

* H. aurantiacum L. Devil's Paint-brush, Orange Hawkweed Image 2 3

* H. caespitosum Dumort., King-devil Image 2

          =H. pratense Tausch

[Hieracium caespitosum x pilosella = Hieracium x flagellare of authors, not Willd.] = Hieracium flagellare Willd.

Hieracium canadense Michx. = Hieracium kalmii L. var. kalmii

Hieracium canadense var. kalmii (L.) Scoggan = Hieracium kalmii L. var. kalmii

* H. flagellare Willd., Hawkweed NEW

          =H. caespitosum x pilosella = H. x flagellare of authors, not Willd.

          =H. pilosella x pratense of authors

Hieracium florentinum All. = Hieracium piloselloides Vill.

H. gronovii L., Hairy Hawkweed

H. gronovii x venosum = H. x marianum Willd. Hawkweed NEW

          =H. marianum Willd. of Zenkert (1934)

          =H. traillii of NY reports, not Greene

H. kalmii L., Canada Hawkweed

     var. kalmii

          =H. canadense Michx.

          =H. canadense var. kalmii (L.) Scoggan

Hieracium marianum Willd. of Zenkert (1934) = [Hieracium gronovii x venosum = H. x marianum Willd.]

H. paniculatum L., Panicled Hawkweed

* H. pilosella L., Mouse-ear Hawkweed

Hieracium pilosella x pratense of authors = Hieracium flagellare Willd.

* H. piloselloides Vill., King-devil

          =H. florentinum All.

Hieracium pratense Tausch = Hieracium caespitosum Dumort.

H. scabrum Michx., Rough Hawkweed

H. venosum L., Rattlesnake-weed, Poor Robin's Plantain

          =H. venosum var. nudicaule (Michx.) Farw.

HOLCUS L. (Poaceae)

Holcus halepensis L. = Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.

* H. lanatus L., Velvet Grass

          =Ginannia lanata (L.) Hubbard

          =Notholcus lanatus (L.) Nash ex Hitchc. in Jepson

Holcus sorghum L. = Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench

Homalocenchrus oryzoides (L.) Poll. = Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw.

Homalocenchrus virginicus (Willd.) Britt. = Leersia virginica Willd.

HORDEUM L. (Poaceae)

Hordeum distichon L. "are usually considered as races of Hordeum vulgare" L., according to House 1924 p. 128

* H. jubatum L., Squirrel-Tail Grass, Foxtail Barley

* H. vulgare L., Barley, Pearl Barley NEW

=H. distichon L., according to House 1924 p. 128

          =H. vulgare var. trifurcatum (Schlect.) Alef.

HOUSTONIA L. (Rubiaceae)

H. caerulea L., Bluets, Quaker-ladies, Innocence Image 2

          =Hedyotis caerulea (L.) Hook.

          =Houstonia coerulea L.

          =Oldenlandia caerulea (L.) A. Gray

Houstonia canadensis on NY reports, not Willd. ex R. & S. = Houstonia longifolia Gaertn.

Houstonia ciliolata Torr. = Houstonia longifolia Gaertn.

Houstonia coerulea L. = Houstonia caerulea L.

H. longifolia Gaertn., Fringed Houstonia, Pale Bluets

          =Hedyotis longifolia (Gaertn.) Hook.

          =Houstonia canadensis of NY reports, not Willd. ex R. & S.

          =H. ciliolata Torr.

HUDSONIA L. (Cistaceae)

H. tomentosa Nutt., Woolly Hudsonia, Hudsonia, Poverty-grass, False-heather, Beach-heather

          =H. tomentosa var. intermedia Peck, not H. ericoides x tomentosa

HUMULUS L. (Cannabaceae):

* H. japonicus Sieb. & Zucc., Japanese Hops

H. lupulus L., Hops, Common Hop, Brewer's Hops Image 2

          =H. lupulus varieties

HUPERZIA Bernh. (Lycopodiaceae)

H. lucidula (Michx.) Trev., Shining Club-moss

          =Lycopodium lucidulum Michx.

          =Lycopodium lucidulum var. occidentale (Clute) Wilson

          =Lycopodium lucidulum var. tryonii Mohlenbr.

HYBANTHUS Jacq. (Violaceae)

H. concolor (Forst.) Spreng., Green Violet

          =Cubelium concolor (Forst.) Raf.

          =Ionidium concolor (Forst.) Benth.

          =Solea concolor Forst.

HYDRASTIS L. (Ranunculaceae)

H. canadensis L., Goldenseal, Orange-root, Yellow Puccoon

          =Warnera canadensis (L.) Mill.

HYDROCOTYLE L. (Apiaceae)

H. americana L., Water Pennywort, Navelwort

H. ranunculoides L.f., Floating Pennywort NEW

HYDROPHYLLUM L. (Hydrophyllaceae)

Hydrophyllum appendiculatum of old NY reports, not Michx. = Hydrophyllum virginianum L.

H. canadense L., Broad-leaved Waterleaf, Canada Waterleaf

H. virginianum L. Virginia Waterleaf, Shawnee-salad, Indian-salad, John's-cabbage

          =H. appendiculatum of old NY reports, not Michx.

HYOSCYAMUS L. (Solanaceae)

* H. niger L., Black Henbane, Potelée, Careillade

HYPERICUM L. (Clusiaceae)

H. ascyron L., Great St. John's-wort

          =H. macrocarpum Michx.

          =H. pyramidatum Ait.

H. boreale (Britt.) Bickn., Northern Dwarf St. John's Wort

          =Hypericum mutilum L. ssp. boreale (Britt.) Gillett

H. canadense L., Canada St. John's-wort

Hypericum corymbosum Muhl. ex Willd. = Hypericum punctatum Lam.

H. ellipticum Hook., Pale St. John's-wort

H. hypericoides (L.) Crantz, St. Andrew's Cross NEW

     ssp. multicaule (Michx. ex Willd.) Robson

           =H. multicaule Michx. ex Willd.

H. kalmianum L., Kalm's St. John's-wort

Hypericum macrocarpum Michx. = Hypericum ascyron L.

H. majus (A. Gray) Britt., Large St. John's-wort

Hypericum multicaule Michx. ex Willd. = Hypericum hypericoides (L.) Crantz ssp. multicaule (Michx. ex Willd.) Robson

H. mutilum L., Dwarf St. John's-wort

          =H. mutilum var. parviflorum (Willd.) Fern.

Hypericum mutilum L. ssp. boreale (Britt.) Gillett = Hypericum boreale (Britt.) Bickn.

* H. perforatum L., Common St. John's-wort, Klamath-weed, Goat-weed Image 2

H. prolificum L., Shrubby St. John's-wort NEW

          =H. spathulatum (Spach) Steud.

H. punctatum Lam., Spotted St. John's-wort

          =H. corymbosum Muhl. ex Willd.

Hypericum pyramidatum Ait. = Hypericum ascyron L.

Hypericum spathulatum (Spach) Steud. = Hypericum prolificum L.

Hypericum virginicum L. = Triadenum virginicum (L.) Raf.

Hypericum virginicum var. fraseri (Spach) Fern. = Triadenum fraseri (Spach) Gleason

HYPOCHAERIS L. (Asteraceae)

* H. radicata L., Cat's-ear

Hypopitys americana (DC.) Small = Monotropa hypopithys L.

Hypopitys lanuginosa (Michx.) Raf., not Nutt. = Monotropa hypopithys L.

Hypopitys multiflora var. americana DC. = Monotropa hypopithys L.

HYPOXIS L. (Amaryllidaceae)

H. hirsuta (L.) Cov., Yellow Star-grass

          =H. leptocarpa (Engelm. & A. Gray) Small

Hypoxis leptocarpa (Engelm. & A. Gray) Small = Hypoxis hirsuta (L.) Cov.

HYSSOPUS L. (Lamiaceae)

* H. officinalis L., Hyssop

Hystrix patula Moench = Elymus hystrix L. var. hystrix

Hystrix patula var. bigeloviana (Fern.) Deam = Elymus hystrix L. var. bigeloviana (Fern.) Bowden

Ibidium plantagineum Rafinesque sec. Macdonald 1990 = Spiranthes lucida (H. Eat.) Ames

ILEX L. (Aquifoliaceae)

Ilex ambigua var. montana (Torr. & A. Gray) Ahles = Ilex montana Torr. & A. Gray ex A. Gray

I. montana Torr. & A. Gray ex A. Gray, Large-leaved Holly

          =I. ambigua var. montana (Torr. & A. Gray) Ahles

          =I. montana var. mollis (A. Gray) Britt.

          =I. monticola A. Gray

Ilex monticola Gray = Ilex montana Torr.& A. Gray ex A. Gray

I. verticillata (L.) A. Gray, Winterberry, Black Alder

          =I. verticillata var. cyclophylla B. Robinson

          =I. verticillata var. padifolia (Willd.) Torr. & A. Gray

          =I. verticillata var. tenuifolia Torr.

          = Prinos verticillatus L.

Ilysanthes dubia (L.) Barnh. = Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell var. dubia

Ilysanthes dubia var. riparia (Raf.) Fern. = Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell var. dubia

Ilysanthes dubia var. inundata (Pennell) Pennell = Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell var. dubia

Ilysanthes gratioloides (L.) Benth. in DC. = Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell var. dubia

IMPATIENS L. (Balsaminaceae)

* I. balsamina L., Balsam, Garden Balsam NEW

Impatiens biflora Walt., not Willd. = Impatiens capensis Meerb.

I. capensis Meerb., Spotted Touch-me-not, Spotted Jewelweed, Snapweed

          =I. biflora Walt., not Willd.

          =I. fulva Nutt.

          =I. noli-tangere L. ssp. biflora (Walt.) Hultén

Impatiens fulva Nutt. = Impatiens capensis Meerb.

Impatiens noli-tangere L. ssp. biflora (Walt.) Hultén = Impatiens capensis Meerb.

I. pallida Nutt., Pale Touch-me-not, Pale Jewelweed, Snapweed

INULA L. (Asteraceae)

* I. helenium L., Elecampane Image 2

Ionidium concolor (Forst.) Benth. = Cubelium concolor (Forst.) Raf.

IPOMOEA L. (Convolvulaceae)

I. pandurata (L.) Meyer, Man-of-the-Earth, Wild Potato-vine

* I. purpurea (L.) Roth, Common or Garden Morning-glory

          =Pharbitis purpurea (L.) Voigt

IRIS L. (Iridaceae)

* I. pseudacorus L., Yellow Iris, Yellow Flag

* I. sibirica L., Sibirian or Russian Iris

I. versicolor L., Blue Flag, Wild Iris, Poison Flag Image 2 3

I. virginica L., Southern Blue Flag NEW

     var. schrevii (Small) Anders.

          =I. schrevii Small

          =I. versicolor var. shrevei (Small) Boivin

Isanthus brachiatus (L.) BSP. = Trichostema brachiatum L.

Isanthus coeruleus Michx. = Trichostema brachiatum L.

ISOETES L. (Isoëtaceae)

Isoëtes braunii Durieu = Isoëtes echinospora Durieu

I. echinospora Durieu, Spiny-spored Quillwort

          =I. braunii Durieu

          =I. echinospora ssp. muricata (Durieu) A. & D. Löve

          =I. echinospora var. braunii (Durieu) Engelm. ex A. Gray

          =I. muricata Durieu

I. engelmannii A. Br. NEW

          =I. valida (Engelm.) Clute

I. lacustris x tuckermanii = I. x heterospora A. Eaton NEW

          =I. macrospora x tuckermanii

Isoetes macrospora x tuckermanii = [Isoëtes lacustris x tuckermanii = I. x heterospora A. Eaton]

Isoëtes muricata Durieu = Isoëtes echinospora Durieu

Isoetes valida (Engelm.) Clute = Isoetes engelmannii A. Br.

Isopyrum biternatum (Raf.) Torrey & A. Gray = Enemion biternatum Raf.

ISOTRIA Raf. (Orchidaceae)

I. verticillata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Raf., Five-leaved Orchid, Large Whorled Pogonia, Five-leaves

          =Pogonia verticillata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Nutt.

IVA L. (Asteraceae)

* I. xanthifolia Nutt., Burweed Marsh-elder

Jacksonia trifoliata Raf. = Polanisia dodecandra (L.) DC.

JEFFERSONIA B. Barton (Berberidaceae)

J. diphylla (L.) Pers., Twinleaf, Papoose Root, Rheumatism Root

JUGLANS L. (Juglandaceae)

J. cinerea L., Butternut, White Walnut

J. nigra L., Black Walnut Image 2

Juncoides carolinae (S. Wats.) Kuntze = Luzula acuminata Raf.

Juncoides intermedium (Thuill.) Rydb. = Luzula campestris (L.) DC. in Lam. & DC. var. multiflora (Retz.) Lej.

JUNCUS L. (Juncaceae)

J. acuminatus Michx., Sharp-fruited Rush

          =J. acuminatus var. legitimus Engelm. ex A. Gray

          =J. pallescens Meyer

          =J. paradoxus Meyer

          =J. pondii Wood

Juncus acuminatus of American authors, not Engelm. or Michx. = Juncus brevicaudatus (Engelm.) Fern. p.p.

Juncus acuminatus var. debilis (A. Gray) Engelm. = Juncus debilis A. Gray

Juncus affinis R. Br. = Juncus alpinoarticulatus Chaix ex Vill. ssp. americanus (Farw.) Hämet-Ahti

J. alpinoarticulatus Chaix ex Vill., Alpine Rush

     ssp. americanus (Farw.) Hämet-Ahti

          =J. affinis R. Br.

          =J. alpinus Vill. var. fuscescens Fern.

          =J. alpinus var. insignis Fries ex Engelm.

          =J. alpinus var. rariflorus of authors, not Hartm.

          =J. articulatus var. pelocarpus (of Day, 1882)

Juncus alpinus Vill. var. fuscescens Fern. = Juncus alpinoarticulatus Chaix ex Vill. ssp. americanus (Farw.) Hämet-Ahti

Juncus alpinus var. insignis Fries ex Engelm. = Juncus alpinoarticulatus Chaix ex Vill. ssp. americanus (Farw.) Hämet-Ahti

Juncus alpinus var. rariflorus of authors, not Hartm. = Juncus alpinoarticulatus Chaix ex Vill. ssp. americanus (Farw.) Hämet-Ahti

Juncus arcticus ssp. littoralis (Engelm.) Hultén = Juncus balticus Willd. var. littoralis Engelm.

J. articulatus L., Jointed Rush

          =J. articulatus var. obtusatus Engelm.

          =J. articulatus var. stolonifer (Wohl.) House

Juncus articulatus var. pelocarpus (of Day, 1882) = Juncus alpinoarticulatus Chaix ex Vill. ssp. americanus (Farw.) Hämet-Ahti

J. balticus Willd., Baltic Rush

     var. littoralis Engelm.

          =J. arcticus ssp. littoralis (Engelm.) Hultén

          =J. balticus var. littoralis Engelm.

          =J. litorum Rydb.

Juncus bicornis Michx. = Juncus tenuis Willd.

Juncus bicornis var. williamsii (Fern.) Vict. = Juncus tenuis Willd.

Juncus biflorus Ell. = Juncus marginatus Rostk.

J. brachycephalus (Engelm.) Buch., Short-headed Rush

          =J. canadensis var. brachycephalus Engelm.

          =J. polycephalus var. depauperatus Torr.

J. brevicaudatus (Engelm.) Fern., Narrow-panicled Rush, Narrow-tailed Rush

          =J. acuminatus of American authors, not Engelm. or Michx.

          =J. canadensis var. coarctatus Engelm.

J. bufonius L., Toad Rush

Juncus bulbosus bulbosus of authors including L. (1762), not L. (1753) = Juncus gerardii Loisel

Juncus bulbosus var. gerardii (Loisel.) A. Gray = Juncus gerardii Loisel.

J. canadensis J. Gay ex LaHarpe, Canada Rush

          =J. canadensis var. longicaudatus Engelm.

          =J. canadensis var. sparsiflorus Fern.

          =J. longicaudatus (Engelm.) Mackz.

Juncus canadensis var. brachycephalus Engelm. = Juncus brachycephalus (Engelm.) Buch.

Juncus canadensis var. coarctatus Engelm. = Juncus brevicaudatus (Engelm.) Fern.

Juncus canadensis var. subcaudatus Engelm. = Juncus subcaudatus (Engelm.) Cov.& Blake

Juncus compressus of NY reports, not Jacq. = Juncus gerardii Loisel.

Juncus conglomeratus L. = Juncus effusus L. var. conglomeratus (L.) Engelm. ex A. Gray

J. debilis A. Gray, Weak Rush

          =J. acuminatus var. debilis (A. Gray) Engelm. ex A. Gray

          =J. diffusissimus of NY reports, not Buckley

J. dudleyi Wieg., Dudley's Rush

          =J. tenuis Willd. var. dudleyi (Wieg.) F. Hermann ex I. Johnston

          =J. tenuis Willd. var. uniflorus (Farw.) Farw.

J. effusus L., Common Rush

     var. conglomeratus (L.) Engelm. ex A. Gray NEW

          =J. conglomeratus L.

          =J. effusus var. compactus of authors, not Lej. & Court.

          =J. leersii T. Marsson

     var. pylaei (LaHarpe) Fern. & Wieg. NEW

     var. solutus Fern. & Wieg.

          =J. effusus ssp. solutus (Fern. & Wieg.) Maemet-Ahti

          =J. effusus var. solutus Fern. & Wieg.

J. gerardii Loisel., Black-grass, Blackfoot Rush

          =J. bulbosus of authors including L. (1762), not L. (1753)

          =J. bulbosus var. gerardii (Loisel.) A. Gray

          =J. compressus of NY reports, not Jacq.

* J. inflexus L. NEW

Juncus intermedius Thuill. = Luzula campestris (L.) DC. in Lam. & DC. var. multiflora (Retz.) Lej.

Juncus lampocarpus Ehrh. ex Hoffm. = Juncus articulatus L.

Juncus leersii T. Marsson = Juncus effusus L. var. conglomeratus (L.) Engelm. ex A. Gray

Juncus litorum Rydb.= Juncus balticus Willd. var. littoralis Engelm.

Juncus longicaudatus (Engelm.) Mackz. = Juncus canadensis J. Gay ex LaHarpe

Juncus macer S. Gray = Juncus tenuis Willd.

Juncus macer var. anthelatus (Wieg.) Fern. = Juncus tenuis Willd.

Juncus megacephalus (Torr.) Wood, not M. Curtis = Juncus torreyi Cov.

J. marginatus Rostk., Grass-leaved Rush

     var. marginatus

          =J. marginatus var. paucicapitatus Engelm.

          =J. marginatus var. vulgaris Engelm.

Juncus multiflorus Ehrh. = Luzula campestris (L.) DC. in Lam. & DC. var. multiflora (Retz.) Lej.

J. nodosus L., Knotted Rush

          =J. paradoxus Meyer

Juncus nodosus var. megacephalus Torr. = Juncus torreyi Cov.

Juncus pallescens Meyer = Juncus acuminatus Michx.

Juncus paradoxus Meyer = Juncus nodosus L.

Juncus paradoxus Meyer = Juncus acuminatus Michx.

Juncus polycephalus var. crassifolius Torr. = Juncus scirpoides Lam.

Juncus polycephalus var. tenuifolius Michx. = Juncus scirpoides Lam.

Juncus polycephalus var. depauperatus Torr. = Juncus brachycephalus (Engelm.) Buch.

Juncus pondii Wood = Juncus acuminatus Michx.

J. scirpoides Lam., Scirpus-like Rush

          =J. polycephalus var. crassifolius Torr.

          =J. polycephalus var. tenuifolius Michx.

          =J. scirpoides var. genuinus Buch.

          =J. scirpoides var. meridionalis Buch.

J. subcaudatus (Engelm.) Cov. & S. Blake, Narrow-panicled Rush, Wood's Rush

           = J. canadensis var. subcaudatus Engelm.

J. tenuis Willd., Path Rush, Yard-rush

          =J. bicornis Michx.

          =J. bicornis var. williamsii (Fern.) Vict.

          =J. macer S. Gray

          =J. macer var. anthelatus (Wieg.) Fern.

          =J. tenuis var. anthelatus Wieg.

          =J. tenuis var. williamsii Fern.

Juncus tenuis Willd. var. dudleyi (Wieg.) F. Hermann ex I. Johnston = Juncus dudleyi Wieg.

Juncus tenuis Willd. var. uniflorus (Farw.) Farw. = Juncus dudleyi Wieg.

J. torreyi Cov., Torrey's Rush

          =J. megacephalus (Torr.) Wood, not M. Curtis

          =J. nodosus var. megacephalus Torr.

JUNIPERUS L. (Cupressaceae)

Juniperus caroliniana Michx. = Juniperus virginiana L.

J. communis L., Common Juniper

     var. communis

          =J. communis var. siberica (Burgsdorf) Rydb.

     var. depressa Pursh, Spreading Juniper

          =J. canadensis Burgsdorf

          =J. communis var. canadensis (Burgsdorf) Louden

          =J. communis var. depressa Pursh

          =J. communis var. montana Ait.

          =J. communis var. saxatilis Pallas

          =J. depressa (Pursh) Raf.

          =J. sibirica Burgsdorf

Juncus depressa (Pursh) Raf. = Juniperus communis L. var. depressa Pursh

J. horizontalis Moench, Creeping Juniper, Prostrate Juniper, Creeping Cedar Image 2 3

          =J. hudsonica Forbes

          =J. prostrata Pers.

          =J. repens Nutt.

          =J. sabina Hooker var. horizontalis Hort.

          =J. sabina var. procumbens Pursh

Juniperus hudsonica Forbes = Juniperus horizontalis Moench

Juniperus prostrata Pers. = Juniperus horizontalis Moench

Juniperus repens Nutt. = Juniperus horizontalis Moench

Juniperus sabina Hooker = Juniperus virginiana L.

Juniperus sabina Hooker var. horizontalis Hort. = Juniperus horizontalis Moench

Juniperus sabina var. procumbens Pursh = Juniperus horizontalis Moench

Juniperus sibirica Burgsdorf = Juniperus communis L. var. depressa Pursh

J. virginiana L., Red Cedar

          =J. caroliniana Michx.

          =J. sabina Hooker

          =J. virginiana var crebra Fern. & Grisc.

JUSTICIA L. (Acanthaceae)

J. americana (L.) Vahl., Water-willow

          =Dianthera americana L.

KALMIA L. (Ericaceae)

K. angustifolia L., Sheep Laurel, Lambkill, Dwarf Lawrel, Wicky, Sheepkill, Pigkill

Kalmia glauca Ait. = Kalmia polifolia Wang.

K. latifolia L., Mountain Laurel, Calico-bush, Spoonwood, Ivy-bush

K. polifolia Wang., Bog Laurel

          =K. glauca Ait.

KNAUTIA L. (Dipsacaceae)

* K. arvensis (L.) Coulter, Bluebuttons

          =Scabiosa arvensis L.

Kneiffia perennis (L.) Pennell = Oenothera perennis L.

Kneiffia pratensis Small = Oenothera pilosella Raf.

Kneiffia tetragona (Roth) Pennell = Oenothera fruticosa L. ssp. glauca (Michx.) Straley

Kochia scoparia (L.) Roth ex Schrad. = Bassia scoparia (L.) A. Scott

Koellia flexuosa of NY reports, not (Walt.) MacM. = Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Schrad.

Koellia incana (L.) Kuntze = Pycnanthemum incanum (L.) Michx.

Koellia torrei (Benth.) Kuntze = Pycnanthemum torrei Benth.

Koellia virginiana (L.) Kuntze = Pycnanthemum virginianum (L.) Durieu & Jackson ex Fern. & B. Robinson

Konigia maritima (L.) R. Br. ex Denh. & Clapp = Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv.

Krigia amplexicaulis (Michx.) Nutt. = Krigia biflora (Walt.) Blake

Krigia biflora (Walt. Blake (excluded by Zander & Pierce 1979)

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