MADCAPHORSE

*Acer campestre L., Hedge-maple

*A. pseudoplatanus L., Sycamore-maple

A. rubrum × saccharinum = A. × freemanii Murr., Soft Maple, Hybrid Swamp Maple

Actaea pachypoda × spicata ssp. rubra, Baneberry

*Aegilops cylindrica Host, Jointed Goatgrass NYFA

*Aesculus glabra Willd., Ohio Buckeye

*Aethusa cynapium L., Fool's Parsley NYFA

Agrimonia rostellata Wallr., Agrimony

Agrostis perennans (Walt.) Tuckerm., Upland Bent, Autumn Bent NYFA

A. scabra Willd., Hairgrass, Fly-away Grass, Ticklegrass NYFA

Alisma gramineum Lej., Water-plantain, Grassy-leaved Water-plantain

Allium burdickii (Hanes) A. Jones, Wild Leek

*A. cepa L., Garden Onion

*Alopecurus geniculatus L., Marsh-foxtail, Water-foxtail

*Alopecurus pratensis L., Meadow Foxtail

*Althaea officinalis L., Marsh Mallow, White Mallow

*Amaranthus hypochondriacus L., Prince's Feather

*A. powellii S. Wats., Amaranth NYFA

*A. rudis Sauer, Water-hemp

*A. tuberculatus (Moq. ex DC.) Sauer, Rough-fruited Water-hemp, Tall Water-hemp

Amelanchier stolonifera Wieg., Serviceberry

*Amorpha fruiticosa L. False Indigo

*Ampelopsis brevipedunculata (Maxim.) Trautv., Porcelain Berry

*Athemis tinctoria L., Yellow Chamomile, Dyer's Chamomile

*Anthriscus cerefolium (L.) Hoffm., Chervil

*A. sylvestris (L.) Hoffm., Wild Chervil

*Arabis caucasica Schlect. ex Willd., Wall Rock-cress, Arrowleaf

A. drummondii × holboellii = A. × divaricarpa A. Nels., Purple Rock-cress

*Aristida dichotoma L., Poverty Grass; Three-awn

*A. oligantha Michx., Prairie Three-awn NYFA

Aster dumosus L., Bushy Aster, Rice-button Aster

A. ericoides × novae-angliae = A. × amethystinus Nutt., Amethyst Wreath Aster

A. nemoralis Ait., Bog Aster NYFA

A. ontarionis Wieg., Ontario Aster

A. puniceus var. firmus (Nees) Torr. & A. Gray, Cornel-leaf Aster

A. schreberi Nees, Large-leaf Aster, Schreber's Aster

*Atriplex prostrata Boucher ex DC. in Lam. & DC., Orach, Spearscale

*A. rosea L., Red Orach, Rosy Orach, Tumble-weed, Tumbling Orach

*Avena fatua ssp. fatua, Wild Oats

Baptisia lactea (Raf.) Thieret, Prairie False-Indigo

*Barbarea verna (Mill.) Aschers, Early Wintercress, Winter Belle-Isle, Land-Cress

*Betula pubescens Ehrh., Downy Birch NYFA

B. nigra L., River Birch, Red Birch

Brachyelytrum septentrionale (Babel) G. Tucker, Northern Shorthusk NYFA

*Brassica oleracea L., Cabbage, Kale, Broccoli, Cauliflower, Kohlrabi, Brussels Sprouts

*B. rapa L., Field Mustard, Turnip, Bok Choy, Chinese Cabbage

*Brunnera macrophylla (Adams) I. M. Johnston, Siberian Bugloss, Garden Forget-me-not

*Buddleja davidii Franch., Summer Lilac, Butterfly-bush, Buddleja NYFA

Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) Clarke, Sand-rush NYFA

*Cardamine flexuosa With., Rock-cress

Carex annectens (Bickn.) Bickn.

var. annectens

var. xanthocarpa (Bickn.) Wieg.

C. appalachica Webber & Ball NYFA

C. emoryi Dewey ex Torrey, Emory's Sedge

C. flaccosperma Dewey, Sedge

C. formosa Dewey, Handsome Sedge NYFA

C. gracilescens Steud.

[C. haydenii Dewey, Hayden's Sedge doubtful report]

[C. hyalinolepis Steud., Sedge doubtful report]

C. meadii Dewey, Mead's Sedge

C. merritt-fernaldii Mackz., Fernald's Sedge NYFA

C. seorsa Howe ex Gord. & Howe, Sedge NYFA

C. sprengelii Dewey ex Sprengel

C. tonsa (Fern.) Bickn. var. rugosperma (Mackenzie) Crins, Umbelliform Sedge NYFA

Catalpa speciosa (Warder ex Barney) Engelm.: Catalpa, Indian-bean, Catawba, Cigar-tree

Celastrus orbiculata Thunb., Oriental Bittersweet

Chaerophyllum procumbens (L.) Crantz., Spreading Chervil NYFA

*Chenopodium album var. missouriense (Aellen) Bassett & Crompton, Missouri Goose-foot

*C. bonus-henricus L., Good-King-Henry

*C. murale L., Sowbane, Nettle-leaf Goosefoot

*C. rubrum L., Red Pigweed, Red Goosefoot, Coat-blite

C. strictum var. glaucophyllum (Aellen) Wahl, Goosefoot

*Chionanthus virginicus L. Old-man's Beard, Fringe tree

Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Shrad. ex Eckl. & Zeyh. Watermelon

*Clematis terniflora DC., Yam-leaf Clematis, Yam-leaf Virgin's-bower

*Commelina communis var. ludens (Miq.) Pennell NYFA

*Coriandrum sativum L., Coriander NYFA

*Corispermum nitidum Kitaibel ex Schultes

*C. orientale Lamarck

Cornus foemina *ssp. microcarpa (Nash) J. S. Wilson

*Coronopus didymus (L.) Sm., Wart-cress, Wart-grass, Lesser Swinecress NYFA

*Corylus avellana L., European Filbert, European Hazel NYFA

*Cosmos bipinnatus Cav., Cosmos NYFA

*Cotinus coggygria Scop., Smoke-tree

Crataegus jesupii Sarg., Hawthorn

*Crepis tectorum L., Hawk's-beard

*Crypsis schoenoides (L.) Lam., Crypsis, Heleochloa, Swamp Timothy

*Cucumis sativus L., Garden Cucumber

*Cucurbita pepo L., Pumpkin, Acorn Squash, Summer Squash NYFA

*Cynanchum rossicum (Kleop.) Borh. Swallow-wort NYFA

*Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Bermuda-grass NYFA

Cyperus flavescens L. Galingale, Yellow Cyperus NYFA

*C. fuscus L., Dark Galingale, Flatsedge

Cystopteris protrusa (Weath.) Blasd., Lowland Fragile Fern NYFA

C. tenuis (Michx.) Desv., Fragile Fern NYFA

Desmodium glabellum (Michx.) DC., Dillen's Tick-trefoil, Tall Tick-clover or Tick-trefoil

D. perplexum Schub., Tick-clover, Tick-trefoil NYFA

*Dianthus deltoides L., Maiden-pink, Meadow-pink

*Dioscorea batatas Dcne., Yam, Chinese Yam, Cinammon-vine NYFA

*Dipsacus laciniatus L., Cut-leaf Teasel

Draba reptans (Lambert) Fernald, Whitlow-grass

Dracocephalum parviflorum Nutt., Dragonhead

Dryopteris carthusiana × cristata = D. × uliginosa (A. Br. ex Dowell) Druce, Wood-fern

D. carthusiana × intermedia = D. × triploidea Wherry, Wood-fern

D. celsa (Palmer) Knowlt., Palmer & Poll., Log-fern NYFA

D. celsa × goldiana, Log-fern NYFA

D. clintoniana × goldiana Wood-fern

D. cristata × intermedia = D. × boottii (Tuckerm.) Underw. NYFA

D. goldiana × marginalis = D. × neowherryi W. Wagner, Wood-fern

Echinochloa walteri (Pursh) Heller (not Nash ex Britt.), Water-millet, Walter's Cockspur-grass

*Echinops ritro ssp. ruthenicus (Bieb.) Nyman, Globe Thistle

*E. sphaerocephalus L., Globe Thistle

Eleocharis flavescens (Poir.) Urban., Olive Spikerush

Enemion biternatum Raf., False Rue-Anemone NYFA

*Epilobium parviflorum Schreber, Small-flowered Willow-herb

Equisetum hyemale × variegatum = E. × mackii (Newm.) Brich., Rough-tooth Scouring-rush, Hybrid Scouring-rush

Eragrostis capillaris (L.) Nees, Lacegrass

E. spectabilis (Pursh) Steud., Purple Lovegrass, Tumblegrass

*Eriochloa acuminata (J. Presl) Kunth, Cup-grass

*Euonymus fortunei var. radicans (Sieb. ex Miq.) Rehd.

Eupatortium altissimum L., Tall Thoroughwort

E. fistulosum Barratt, Joe-Pye-weed, Trumpetweed

*Euphrasia stricta Wolff ex Lehm., Eyebright NYFA

*Fraxinus excelsior L., European Ash

*Froelichia gracilis (Hooker) Moq., Cottonweed, Slender Snake-cotton NYFA

Fuirena pumila (Torr.) Spreng., Umbrella-grass

*Gaillardia aristata Pursh, Blanket-flower

Galega officinalis L., Catgut, Goat's-rue

Galium circaezans var. hypomalacum Fern.

Gentiana linearis Froel., Narrow-leaved Gentian NYFA

Geum laciniatum Murray, Rough Avens, Herb-bennet

*G. urbanum L., Town-avens

G. verum (Raf.) Torrey & A. Gray, Spring-avens

Gnaphalium purpureum L., Purple or Sweet Everlasting, Cudweed

*Gypsophila elegans Bieb., Showy Baby's Breath NYFA

*Hedera helix L., English Ivy

*Helianthus pauciflorus ssp. subrhomboideus × tuberosus = H. × laetiflorus Pers., Sunflower NYFA

*Hieracium flagellare Willd., Hawkweed

H. gronovii × venosum = H. × marianum Willd., Hybrid Hawkweed NYFA

*Hordeum vulgare L., Barley, Pearl-barley NYFA

Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L.f., Floating Pennywort

H. verticillata var. fetherstoniana (Jennings) Mathias NYFA

Hypericum hypericoides ssp. multicaule (Michx. ex Willd.) Robson

H. prolificum L., Shrubby St. John's-wort

*Impatiens balsamina L., Balsam, Garden-balsam NYFA

Iris virginica var. schrevii (Small) Anders.

Isoetes engelmannii A. Br.

I. lacustris × tuckermanii = I. × heterospora A. Eaton

Juncus effusus var. conglomeratus (L.) Engelm. ex A. Gray

J. effusus var. pylaei (LaHarpe) Fern. & Wieg. NYFA

*Lactuca saligna L., Willow-leaf Lettuce

*Larix decidua Mill., European Larch NYFA

*Lathyrus sylvestris L., Perennial or Everlasting Pea

Lespedeza hirta × intermedia = L. × nuttallii Darl. NYFA

L. stuevii × virginica = L. × neglecta Mackz. & Bush NYFA

L. violacea (L.) Pers., Bush-clover

*Liatris aspera Michx., Rough Blazing-star

*L. spicata (L.) Willd., Blazing-star

*Ligustrum obtusifolium Sieb. & Zucc., Privet

Lilium michiganense Farw., Michigan Lily

*Linaria dalmatica (L.) Mill., Dalmatian Toadflax

Linum medium var. texanum (Planch.) Fern., Southern Yellow Flax NYFA

Littorella uniflora (L.) Aschers., Shore-grass, Littorella

*Lonicera japonica Thunb., Japanese Honeysuckle, Gold-and-Silver-flower

*L. maackii (Rupr.) Maxim., Honeysuckle

*L. morrowii × tatarica = L. × bella Zabel, Fly-honeysuckle

*L. xylosteum L., European Fly-honeysuckle

Ludwigia polycarpa Short & Peter, Many-fruited False Loosestrife

Luzula campestris var. echinata (Small) Fern. & Wieg.

L. campestris var. pallescens (Wahl.) Wahl., Common Wood-rush NYFA

*Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., Garden Tomato

Lycopodium var. pungens (La Pyl.) Desv. NYFA

L. digitatum × tristachyum = L. × habereri House NYFA

Lycopus rubellus Moench, Gypsy-wort, Water-horehound

Lyonia ligustrina (L.) DC., Maleberry, He-Huckleberry, Male Blueberry NYFA

*Mahonia aquifolium (Pursh) Nutt., Oregon Grape, Grape-holly NYFA

Malus glaucescens Rehd., American Crab, Wild Crab-apple NYFA

*Marsillia quadrifolia L., Water-clover, Pepperwort

*Matricaria recutita L., Wild Chamomile, False Sweet Chamomile, German Mayweed NYFA

*Mentha arvensis × spicata = M. × gracilis Sole, Red Mint, Scotch Mint, Spotted Mint, Creeping Whorled Mint

Mikania scandens (L.) Willd., Climbing Boneset

*Miscantus sinensis Anderss., Eulalia

*Muhlenbergia asperifolia (Nees & Meyer) Parodi

*Myosotis stricta Link ex R. & S., Forget-me-not

Panicum boreale Nash, Northern Panic-grass NYFA

P. villosissimum Nash, Panic Grass

Paronychia fastigiata (Raf.) Fern., Forked Chickweed

Parthenium integrifolium L., Wild Quinine

*Parthenocissus tricuspidata (Sieb. & Zucc.) Planch. ex DC., Boston Ivy, Japanese Ivy, Cottage-ivy

*Penstemon calycosus Small, Penstemon, Beard-tongue NYFA

*Philadelphus coronarius L., Garden Syringa, European Mock-orange

Physalis virginiana Mills., Virginia Ground-cherry NYFA

*Pisum sativum L., Common, Garden-, Green or Field-pea NYFA

Plantago cordata Lam., Heart-leaved Plantain

Platanthera leucophaea (Nutt.) Lindl., Eastern Prairie Fringed Orchid

P. macrophylla (Goldie) P. M. Brown, Large Round-leaf Orchid, Pad-leaf

Poa nemoralis L., Wood Bluegrass

* Polygonum aviculare ssp. depressum (Meisner) Arcangeli NYFA

P. buxiforme Small, Knotweed, Knotgrass NYFA

*P. cespitosum var. longisetum (DeBruyn) Stewart, Low Smartweed

P. punctatum var. confertiflorum (Meisn.) Fassett

*P. ramosissimum Michx. var. ramosissimum NYFA

Polypodium appalachianum Haufler & Windham, Appalachian Rockcap Fern. NYFA

Potamogeton gramineus × illinoensis = P. × spathuliformis (Robbins) Morong, Pondweed

P. pusillus var. tenuissimus Mert. & Koch NYFA

Proserpinaca palustris var. crebra Fern. & Grisc.

*Puccinellia distans *ssp. borealis (Holmb.) W. E. Hughes

*P. distans (Jacq.) Parl. ssp. distans

Pycnanthemum verticillatum (Michx.) Pers. var. verticillatum Mountain-mint

Quercus alba × montana = Q. × saulii, Oak

Q. coccina Muenchh., Scarlet Oak

Q. ilicifolia Wang.; Scrub-oak, Bear-oak NYFA

Q. shumardii Buckl., Shumard Oak

Ranunculus abortivus var. eucyclus Fern.

*R. ficaria L., Lesser Celandine

R. hispidus var. nitidus (Muhl. ex Ell.) Duncan, Swamp-buttercup NYFA

*Reseda lutea L., Yellow Mignonette, Scrambling Rocket NYFA

Rhododendron viscosum (L.) Torrey, Swamp Azalea NYFA

*Rhodotypos scandens (Thunb.) Makino, Jetbead, White Kerria

Rhus copallinum L., Shining Sumac, Winged Sumac, Dwarf Sumac NYFA

Rosa acicularis × blanda = R. × housei Erlanson, House's Rose NYFA

*R. cinnamomea L., Damask Rose

*Rubus bifrons Vest ex Tratt., Himalaya-berry

*R. idaeus L. ssp. idaeus, European Red Raspberry

*R. phoenicolasius Maxim., Wineberry

Rumex maritimus var. fueginus (Phil.) Dusén NYFA

Sagitaria graminea Michx., Grass-leaf Sagittaria NYFA

Salix babylonica × fragilis = S. × pendulina Wenderoth, Wisconsin Weeping Willow NYFA

S. cordata Michx., Sand-dune Willow, Heartleaf-willow

*S. matsudana Koidz., Dragon-claw Willow, Corkscrew-willow

S. myricoides Muhl.

*S. pentandra L., Bay-leaf Willow NYFA

*Scilla siberica Haw. ex Andr., Scilla, Squill

Scirpus georgianus Harper, Bulrush

S. hudsonianus (Michx.) Fern., Alpine Bulrush, Alpine Cottongrass NYFA

S. pungens Vahl, Bulrush NYFA

S. smithii Gray, Bulrush

Scleria reticularis Michx., Nutrush, Whipgrass

Scutellaria incana Biehl., Hoary Skullcap

*Secale cereale L., Rye NYFA

*Sedum sarmentosum Bunge, Sedum

Senecio aureus × pauperculus, Groundsel NYFA

*S. viscosus L., Sticky Groundsel NYFA

*Setaria faberi Herrm., Giant Foxtail

*Silene cserei Baumg., Campion, Balkan Catchfly NYFA

*Sisymbrium loeselii L., Tall Hedge-mustard NYFA

Solanum ptycanthum Dunal, Black Nightshade, Poisonberry NYFA

Solidago odora Ait., Sweet Goldenrod

S. sempervirens L., Seaside-goldenrod

S. uliginosa var. linoides (Torrey & A. Gray) Fern. NYFA

*Sorbaria sorbifolia (L.) A. Br., False Spiraea

*Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, Sorghum, Broomcorn NYFA

Sparganium androcladum (Engelm.) Morong, Bur-reed

*Spergularia rubra (L.) J. & C. Presl, Common Sand-spurry, Purple Sand-spurry, Sandwort

*S. salina J. & C. Presl, Saltmarsh Sand-spurry NYFA

Sphenopholis pensylvanica (L.) Hitchc., Swamp-oats

Spiranthes casei Catl. & Cruise, Lady's-tresses NYFA

S. ochroleuca (Rydb. ex Britt.) Rydb., Creamy Lady's-Tresses

*Succisella inflexa (Kluk) Beck, Devil's-bit

*Syringa vulgaris L., Lilac, Purple Lilac, White Lilac

*Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich., Bald Cypress

*Tilia cordata Mill., Small-leaved Linden, European Linden, Heart-leaf Linden

Torreyochloa pallida var. fernaldii (Hitchc.) Church NYFA

Toxicodendron rydbergii (Small ex Rydb.) Greene, Giant Poison-ivy, Poison-oak, Creeping Poison-ivy

*Tradescantia virginiana L., Spiderword, Widow's Tears NYFA

*Tragopogon dubius Scop., Goat's Beard

*T. porrifolius × pratensis = T. neohybridus Farw., Goat's-beard

Triadenum fraseri (Spach) Gleason, Marsh St. John's Work, Pink-flowered St. John's-wort

*Trifolium campestre Schreber, Hop-clover, Low Hop-clover, Shamrock, Cow-clover NYFA

Trillium flexipes Raf., Nodding Trillium

Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L., Gamma-grass

*Triticum aestivum L., Wheat NYFA

*Urtica urens L., Burning Nettle, Dog-nettle NYFA

Vaccinium boreale Hall & Hald., High-mountain Blueberry NYFA

Verbena urticifolia var. leiocarpa Perry & Fern. NYFA

*Verbesina alternifolia (L.) Britt., WingstemNYFA

*Veronica hederifolia L., Ivy-leaf Speedwell NYFA

V. peregrina ssp. xalapensis (Kunth) St. John & Warren

V. scutellata L., Marsh-speedwell NYFA

*V. serpyllifolia ssp. humifusa (Dicks. ex With.) Syme, Thyme-leaved Speedwell

Viburnum lantanoides Michx., Hobblebush, Witch-hobble, Moosewood, Tanglewood

Viola adunca Sm., Western Dogfoot-violet, Hookspur-violet, Labrador-violet

V. affinis × palmata = V. slavinii House, Violet NYFA

V. affinis × sagittata var. ovata = V. × hollickii House, Violet NYFA

V. pedata L., Bird's-foot Violet, Pansy-violet, Johnny-jump-up NYFA

V. sagittata × sororia = V. conjugens Greene, Violet NYFA

Vitis aestivalis × labrusca = Vitis × labrusca Bailey NYFA

V. labrusca × riparia = V. × novae-angliae Fern., England Grape NYFA

Vittaria appalachiana Farrar & Mickel, Appalachian Shoestring-fern, Appalachian Vittaria

*Yucca filamentosa L. Yucca, Adam's-needle, Spanish Bayonette

*Zea mays L., Corn, Sweetcorn, Maize NYFA