THE CHECKLIST
ABIES
Mill. (Pinaceae)
Abies
alba Michx. = Picea glauca (Moench) Voss
A. balsamea
(L.) Mill.,
Abies canadensis
Michx. = Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.
Abies nigra Poir. of
ABUTILON
Mill. (Malvaceae)
Abutilon abutilon (L.)
Rusby = Abutilon theophrasti Medik.
*A.
theophrasti Medik., Velvet-leaf, Butter-print, Pie-marker,
Indian Mallow
= A. avicennae Gaertn.
= A. abutilon (L.) Rusby
= Sida abutilon L.
Abutilon
avicennae Gaertn. = Abutilon theophrasti Medik.
ACALYPHA
L. (Euphorbiaceae)
Acalypha
rhomboidea Raf. = A. virginica var. rhomboidea (Raf.) Cooperrider
A. virginica
L., Three-seeded Mercury
var.
rhomboidea (Raf.) Cooperrider
= A. rhomboidea Raf.
var.
virginica
ACER
L. (Aceraceae)
*A. campestre
L., Hedge-maple
Acer dasycarpum Ehrh.
= Acer saccharinum L.
Acer eriocarpum Michx.
= Acer saccharinum L.
*A. ginnala
Maxim., Amur Maple
= A. tataricum L. var. ginnala Maxim.
Acer glaucum Marsh. =
Acer saccarinum L.
*A.
negundo L., Box Elder, Ash-leaf Maple, Manitoba Maple
=
A. negundo var. violaceum Mill.
=
Negundo negundo (L.) Karst.
A.
nigrum Michx.f., Black Maple
= A. saccharum var. nigrum (Michx.f.)
Britt.
A. pensylvanicum
L., Striped Maple, Moosewood, Green-striped Maple, Whistlewood
*A. platanoides
L., Norway Maple
*A. pseudoplatanus
L., Sycamore-maple
A.
rubrum L., Red Maple, Swamp Maple, Scarlet Maple
var.
rubrum
var.
trilobum Torr. & Gray ex Koch, Three-lobed red maple.
= A. rubrum var. tridens Wood
A.
rubrum × saccharinum = A. × freemanii
Murr., Soft Maple, Hybrid Swamp Maple
A.
saccharinum L., Silver Maple, White Maple, River Maple
= A. dasycarpum Ehrh.
= A. eriocarpum Michx.
= A. glaucum Marsh.
Acer
saccharinum Wang. = Acer saccharum Marsh.
A. saccharum
Marsh., Sugar Maple, Rock Maple, Hard Maple
= A. saccharum var. schneckii Rehd.
= A. saccharinum Wang.
A. spicatum Lam., Mountain Maple
Acer tataricum L. var.
ginnala Maxim. = Acer ginnala Maxim.
Acerates
viridiflora (Raf.) Eat. = Asclepias viridiflora L.
ACHILLEA
L. (Asteraceae)
*A. millefolium L., Common Yarrow, Milfoil
*var.
millefolium
*var.
occidentalis DC., Woolly Milfoil
= A. asplenifolia of authors, not
Vent.
= A. millefolium ssp. lanulosa (Nutt.)
Piper
= A. lanulosa Nutt.
= A. occidentalis (DC.) Ref. ex Rydb.
= A. tomentosa Pursh
*A.
ptarmica L., White Tansy Sneezeweed
Achillea
tomentosa Pursh = Achillea millefolium var. occidentalis DC.
ACINOS
Mill. (Lamiaceae)
*A.
arvensis (Lam.) Dandy, Mother of Thyme
= Clinopodium acinos (L.) Kuntze
= Satureja acinos (L.) Scheele
ACORUS
L. (Araceae)
A. americanus
(Raf.) Raf., Calamus, Sweet Flag, Flagroot
= A. calamus of American authors, not
L.
Acrostichum
thelypteris L. = Thelypteris palustris Schott
ACTAEA
L. (Ranunculaceae)
A. pachypoda
Ell., White Baneberry, Doll's Eyes, White Cohosh
= A. alba of American authors, not
(L.) Mill.
= A. spicata var. alba L.
A.
pachypoda × spicata ssp. rubra, Baneberry
= A. × ludovicii Boivin
= A. alba × rubra
= A. pachypoda × rubra
A. spicata
L., Red Baneberry, Baneberry, Black Cohosh, Snakeberry
ssp.
rubra (Ait.) Hultén
= A. rubra (Ait.) Willd.
= A. spicata var. rubra Ait.
Actaea
spicata var. alba L. = Actaea pachypoda Ell.
Actinomeris
alternifolia (L.) DC. = Verbesina alternifolia (L.) Britt.
ADIANTUM
L. (Pteridaceae)
A. pedatum
L., Maidenhair Fern
Adicia
Adicia
pumila (L.) Raf. = Pilea pumila (L.) A. Gray
ADLUMIA
Raf. (Fumariaceae)
A. fungosa
(Ait.) Greene ex BSP., Allegheny Vine, Mountain Fringe, Climbing Fumitory
= A. asiatica Ohwi
= A. cirrhosa Raf.
= Fumaria fungosa Ait.
= F. recta Raf.
AEGILOPS
L. (Poaceae)
*A.
cylindrica Host, Jointed Goatgrass
AEGOPODIUM L. (Apiaceae)
*A.
podagraria L., Goutweed, Goat's-foot
AESCULUS
L. (Hippocastanaceae)
*A. hippocastanum L., Horse-chestnut
*A. glabra
AETHUSA
L. (Apiaceae)
*A. cynapium
L., Fool's Parsley
AGALINIS
Raf. (Scrophulariaceae)
A.
paupercula (Gray) Britt., Small-flowered Purple Gerardia,
False-foxglove, Gerardia
var.
borealis Pennell
=
Gerardia paupercula var. borealis (Pennell) Deam
= G. purpurea var. parviflora Benth.
A. tenuifolia (Vahl) Raf., Slender
Gerardia
var.
parviflora (Nutt.) Pennell
= Gerardia tenuifolia var. parviflora
Nutt.
var.
tenuifolia
= Gerardia tenuifolia Vahl
AGASTACHE
Clayt. ex Gronov. (Lamiaceae)
A.
nepetoides (L.) Kuntze, Yellow Giant Hyssop
= Lophanthus nepetoides (L.) Benth.
A.
scrophulariifolia (Willd.) Kuntze, Purple Giant Hyssop
= A. scrophulariifolia var. mollis
(Fern.) Heller
= A. urticifolia sensu House (1924),
not (Benth.) Kuntze
= Lophanthus scrophulariaefolius
(Willd.) Benth.
Ageratina
altissima (L.) R. King & H. Robinson = Eupatorium rugosum Houtt.
AGRIMONIA
L. (Rosaceae)
Agrimonia
bicknellii of NY reports, not (
*A. eupatoria
L., Common Agrimony, Cocklebur
Agrimonia eupatoria of
A. gyrosepala Wallr., Tall
Hairy Agrimony, Agrimony, Cocklebur, Harvest Lice, Stickseed
A. parviflora Solander ex
Ait., Small-flowered Agrimony, Agrimony, Cocklebur
A.
pubescens Wallr., Soft Agrimony
= A.bicknellii of NY reports, not (
= A. mollis (Torr. & A. Gray)
Britt.
A. rostellata Wallr., Agrimony
A.
striata Michx., Grooved Agrimony, Britton's Agrimony,
Harvest Lice, Cocklebur
= A. eupatoria of
AGROPYRON
Gaertn. (Poaceae)
Agropyron
caninum (L.) Beauv. = Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners ssp.
subsecundus (Link) Barkworth & D. Dewey
Agropyron
caninum var. tenerum (Vasey) Pease & Moore = Elymus trachycaulus (Link)
Gould ex Shinners ssp. trachycaulus
*A. cristatum
L., Crested Wheatgrass
= A. desertorum (Fisch. ex Link)
Schultes
Agropyron
desertorum (Fisch. ex Link) Schultes = Agropyron cristatum L.
Agropyron
repens (L.) Beauv. = Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski
Agropyron
repens (L.) Beauv. var. littoreum Anderss. = Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski
Agropyron
repens (L.) Beauv. var. nemorale Anderss. = Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski
Agropyron
repens (L.) Beauv. var. pilosum Scribn. = Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski
Agropyron
smithii Rydb. = Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) Á. Löve
Agropyron
tenerum Vasey = Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners ssp. trachycaulus
Agropyron
trachycaulum (Link) Malte ex Lewis = Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex
Shinners ssp. trachycaulus
Agropyron
trachycaulum var. glaucum (Pease & Moore) Malte = Elymus trachycaulus
(Link) Gould ex Shinners ssp. subsecundus (Link) Barkworth & D. Dewey
Agropyron
trachycaulum var. majus (Vasey) Fern. = Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex
Shinners ssp. subsecundus (Link) Barkworth & D. Dewey
Agropyron
trachycaulum var. novae-angliae (Scribn. ex Brainerd) Fern. = Elymus
trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners ssp. trachycaulus
Agropyron
trachycaulum var. unilaterale (Vasey) Malte = Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould
ex Shinners ssp. trachycaulus
Agrypyron
violaceum (Hornem.) Lange = Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners ssp.
trachycaulus
AGROSTEMMA
L. (Caryophyllaceae)
Agrostemma
coronaria L. = Lychnis coronaria (L.) Desr.
*A. githago
L., Corn-Cockle, Corn-rose, Purple Cockle
= Lychnis githago (L.) Scop.
AGROSTIS L. (Poaceae)
Agrostis alba of authors, not L. = Agrostis
gigantea Roth
Agrostis alba var. maritima (Lam.) G.F.W. Mey. =
Agrostis stolonifera L. var. palustris (Huds.) Farw.
Agrostis alba var. palustris (Huds.) Pers. =
Agrostis stolonifera L. var. palustris (Huds.) Farw.
*A. capillaris
L., Rhode Island Bent, Colonial Bent
= A. tenuis Sibth.
=
A. vulgaris With.
Agrostis geminata Trin. = Agrostis scabra Willd.
*A. gigantea
Roth, Redtop, Black Bent
=
A. gigantea var. dispar (Michx.) Philipson
=
A. stolonifera var. major (Gaud.) Farw.
=
A. alba of authors, not L.
A. hyemalis (Walt.) BSP.,
Hair-grass,
Agrostis maritima Lam. = Agrostis stolonifera
var. palustris (Huds.) Farw.
Agrostis palustris Huds. = Agrostis stolonifera
L. var. palustris (Huds.) Farw.
A. perennans (Walt.)
Tuckerm.,
=
A. schweinitzii Trin.
A. scabra Willd., Hairgrass,
Fly-away Grass, Ticklegrass
=
A. geminata Trin.
=
A. hyemalis var. tenuis (Tuckerman) Gleason
=
A. peckii House
=
A. scabra var. geminata (Trin.) Swallen
Agrostis schweinitzii Trin. = Agrostis perennans
(Walt.) Tuckerm.
*A.
stolonifera L., Creeping Bent, Carpet Bent
var.
palustris (Huds.) Farw.
= A. alba var. maritima (Lam.) G.F.W.
Mey.
= A. alba var. palustris (Huds.) Pers.
= A. maritima Lam.
= A. palustris Huds.
= A. palustris var. stricta
= A. stolonifera var. compacta Hartm.
var.
stolonifera
Agrostis
tenuis Sibth. = Agrostis capillaris L.
AILANTHUS
Desf. (Simaroubaceae):
*A. altissima
(Mill.) Swingle, Tree of Heaven, Ailanthus, Copal Tree
= A. glandulosa Desf.
Aira
cespitosa L. = Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) Beauv.
Aira
flexuosa L. = Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin.
ALCEA
L. (Malvaceae)
*A. rosea L., Garden Hollyhock
=
Althaea rosea (L.) Cav.
ALCHEMILLA L. (Rosaceae)
*A. monticola Opiz, Lady's
Mantle
= A. vulgaris of NY reports, not L.
ALISMA L. (Alismataceae)
Alisma geyeri Torr. = Alisma gramineum Lej.
A. gramineum Lej.,
Water-plantain, Grassy-leaved Water-plantain
=
A. geyeri Torr.
A. subcordatum
Raf., Water-plantain
= A. plantago-aquatica of American
authors in part, not L.; sensu Zenkert, 1934 p. 88.
= A. plantago-aquatica var.
parviflorum (Pursh) Torrey (of Eaton & Schrot 1987 p.124).
= A. plantago-aquatica ssp.
subcordatum (Raf.) Hultén
ALLIARIA
Heist. ex Fabr. (Brassicaceae)
*A. petiolata (Bieb.) Cav. &
Grande, Garlic Mustard, Hedge-garlic
= A. alliaria (L.) Britt.
= A. officinalis Andrz. ex Bieb.
= Erysimum alliaria L.
Allionia nyctaginea
Michx. = Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacM.
ALLIUM
L. (Liliaceae)
A. burdickii
(Hanes) A. Jones, Wild Leek
= A. tricoccum var. burdickii Hanes
A. canadense
L., Wild Garlic, Wild Onion
*A.
cepa L., Garden Onion
A.
cernuum Roth, Wild Onion
A. tricoccum
Ait., Wild Leek, Ramp
Allium
tricoccum var. burdickii = Allium burdickii (Hanes) A. Jones
*A.
vineale L., Field Garlic, Scallion
Allosorus
atropurpureus (L.) Kunze ex Presl. = Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link
ALNUS
Mill. (Betulaceae)
*A. glutinosa
(L.) Gaertn., Black Alder, European Alder
= A. alnus (L.) Britt.
= A. vulgaris Hill
A. incana (L.) Moench, Speckled
Alder, Hoary Alder
ssp.
rugosa (DuRoi) Clausen, Hazel Alder
= A. rugosa (DuRoi) Spreng.
= A. serrulata (of Day, 1882)
ALOPECURUS
L. (Poaceae)
A.
aequalis Sobol, Short-awned Foxtail
= A. aristulatus Michx.
= A. geniculatus (of Day, 1882)
*A.
geniculatus L., Marsh-foxtail, Water-foxtail
= A. pallescens Piper
Alopecurus
pallescens Piper = Alopecurus geniculatus L.
*Alopecurus pratensis
L., Meadow Foxtail
Alsine aquatica (L.)
Britt. = Myosoton aquaticum (L.) Moench
Alsine marginata (DC. ex Lam. & DC.)
Reichenb. = Spergularia media (L.) C. Presl ex Griseb.
Alsine media (L.) Druce = Spergularia media (L.)
C. Presl ex Griseb.
Alsine rubra (L.) Crantz = Spergularia rubra
(L.) J. & C. Presl
ALTHAEA L. (Malvaceae)
*A. officinalis
L., Marsh Mallow, White Mallow
Althaea rosea (L.)
Cav. = Alcea rosea L.
ALYSSUM
L. (Brassicaceae)
*A. alyssoides
(L.) L., Yellow Alyssum
= A. calycinum L.
= Clypeola allyssoides L.
Alyssum incanum L. = Berteroa incana (L.) DC.
AMARANTHUS L.
(Amaranthaceae)
*A. albus
L., Tumbleweed, Pale Amaranth
= A. graecizans of some authors, not
L.
A. blitoides S. Wats., Tumbleweed,
Prostrate Amaranth
= A. graecizans of some authors, not
L.
*A. blitum
L., Purplish Amaranth, Livid Amaranth
= A. ascendens Loisel
= A. lividus L.
Amaranthus chlorostachys Willd. = Amaranthus
hybridus L.
[*Amaranthus cruentus L., Blood Amaranth, Purple
Amaranth, Zander and Pierce (1979) report this species as a synonym of A.
hybridus L. Clemants (1992) recognized it as a species derived “probably
through selective cultivation of A. hybridus.” He does not, however, offer a
record of its occurrence in western
Amaranthus graecizans of American authors in
part, not L. = Amaranthus albus L.
Amaranthus graecizans of American authors in
part, not L. = Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats.
*A.
hybridus L., Green Amaranth, Pigweed, Wild Beet,
Prince's-Feather
= A. chlorostachys Willd.
= A. incurvatus Ti ex Gren. &
Godr.
= A. patulus Berol.
*A. hypochondriacus
L., Prince's Feather
Amaranthus incurvatus Ti ex Gren. & Godr. =
Amaranthus hybridus L.
Amaranthus lividus L. = Amaranthus blitum L.
Amaranthus patulus Berol. = Amaranthus hybridus
L.
*A. powellii
S. Wats., Amaranth
= A. retroflexus L. var. powellii (S.
Wats.) Boivin
*A. retroflexus
L., Green Amaranth, Pigweed, Wild Beet, Redroot Amaranth
Amaranthus retroflexus
L. var. powellii (S. Wats.) Boivin = Amaranthus powellii S. Wats.
*A. rudis Sauer, Water-hemp
= Acnida tamariscinus Nutt.
= Amaranthus tamariscinus (Nutt.)
Wood
*A. spinosus
L., Spiny Amaranth, Thorny Amaranth
*A. tuberculatus
(Moq. ex DC.) Sauer, Rough-fruited Water-hemp, Tall Water-hemp
= A. altissimus Riddell
= Montelia tamariscina (Nutt.) A.
Gray
AMBROSIA
L. (Asteraceae)
A.
artemisiifolia L., Common Ragweed, Ragweed, Hogweed,
Bitterweed
= A. artemisiifolia varieties
= A. elatior L. var. artemisiifolia
(L.) House
*A. coronopifolia
Torr. & A. Gray, Western Ragweed
= Ambrosia psilostachya DC.
= Ambrosia psilostachya DC. var. coronopifolia (Torr. & A. Gray)
Farw.
Ambrosia elatior L. var. artemisiifolia (L.)
House = Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.
Ambrosia psilostachya DC. = Ambrosia
coronopifolia Torr. & A. Gray
A. trifida L., Great
Ragweed, Giant Ragweed, Great Ragweed, Buffalo-weed
=
A. trifida var. integrifolia (Muhl.) Torr.& A. Gray
AMELANCHIER Medik.
(Rosaceae)
Amelanchier amabilis Wieg. = Amelanchier
sanguinea (Pursh) DC.
A. arborea (Michx.f.)
Fern., Tree Shadbush, Serviceberry
Amelanchier arborea var. laevis (Wieg.) Ahles =
Amelanchier laevis Wieg.
A.
canadensis (L.) Medik., Canadian Shadbush, Serviceberry,
Shadbush, Juneberry
=
A. canadensis var. botryapium Torr. & A. Gray, sec. House 1924.
=
A. canadensis var. oblongifolia Torr. & A. Gray
=
A. oblongifolia (Torr. & A. Gray) Roemer
Amelanchier canadensis var. rotundifolia Torr.
& A. Gray, sec. House 1924 = Amelanchier sanguinea (Pursh.) DC.
A. humilis
Wieg., Bush Juneberry
A. intermedia
Spach, Serviceberry
= A. arborea × canadensis
A. laevis
Wieg., Smooth Shadbush
= A. arborea var. laevis (Wieg.) Ahles
Amelanchier
oblongifolia (Torr. & A. Gray) Roemer = Amelanchier canadensis (L.) Medik.
A.
sanguinea (Pursh.) DC., Round-leaved Juneberry
= A. amabilis Wieg.
= A. canadensis var. rotundifolia
Torr. & A. Gray, sec. House 1924.
= A. sanguinea var. grandiflora
(Wieg.) Rehd.
Amelanchier
sanguinea var. grandiflora (Wieg.) Rehd. = Amelanchier sanguinea (Pursh) DC.
A.
stolonifera Wieg., Serviceberry
= A. spicata (Lam.) Koch in part
AMMOPHILA
Host (Poaceae)
Ammophila
arenaria (of authors) = Ammophila breviligulata Fern.
A.
breviligulata Fern., Beach Grass, Dunegrass
= A. arenaria (of authors)
[Note: Calamagrostis arenaria Roth. of
Gray's Manual ed. 5 (1862) has Arundo L. and Psamma Beauv. as generic synonyms
(p. 616). House (1924) gives Psamma as an earlier synonym of Ammophila, hence
Ammophila arenaria Am. Auth., not A. arenaria (L.) Link, of
AMORPHA L. (Fabaceae)
*A. fruticosa L., False Indigo,
Indigo-bush (Regl. M. Niag.
Ampelamus
albidus (Nutt.) Britt. = Cynanchum laeve (Michx.) Pers.
AMPELOPSIS
Michx. (Vitaceae)
*A. brevipedunculata
(Maxim.) Trautv., Porcelain
Ampelopsis quinquefolia (L.) Michx. =
Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch ex DC.
Amphicarpa of authors = Amphicarpaea
AMPHICARPAEA Ell. ex Nutt.
(Fabaceae)
Amphicarpaea bracteata var. comosa (L.) Fern. =
Amphicarpaea bracteata (L.) Rickett & Stafleu
Amphicarpaea comosa (L.) G. Don = Amphicarpaea
bracteata (L.) Rickett & Stafleu
Amphicarpaea monoica (L.) Ell. = Amphicarpaea
bracteata (L.) Rickett & Stafleu
A. bracteata (L.) Rickett &
Stafleu, Hog Peanut
= A. monoica (L.) Ell.
= A. bracteata var. comosa (L.) Fern.
= A. comosa (L.) G. Don
= Falcata comosa (L.) Kuntze
= Glycine bracteata L.
= G. comosa L.
Amygdalus persica L. =
Prunus persicaria (L.) Batsch
Anacharis
canadensis (Rich. ex Michx.) Planch. = Elodea canadensis Rich. ex Michx.
Anacharis
planchonii (Casp.) Rydb. = Elodea canadensis Rich. ex Michx.
ANAGALLIS
L. (Primulaceae)
*A. arvensis
L., Scarlet Pimpernel, Poor-man's-Weatherglass, Shepherd's-clock
ANAPHALIS
DC. (Asteraceae)
A. margaritacea
(L.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Clarke, Pearly Everlasting
= Antennaria margaritacea (L.) R.
= A. margaritacea subspecies and
varieties
Anchistea
virginica (L.) Presl = Woodwardia virginica (L.) Sm.
ANCHUSA
L. (Boraginaceae)
*A. arvensis (L.) Bieb.,
Small Bugloss
=
Lycopsis arvensis L. of Zenkert (1934), Zander & Pierce (1979), Gleason
(1952)
Anchusa myosotidiflora Lehm. = Brunnera
macrophylla (
ANDROMEDA L. (Ericaceae)
Andromeda baccata Wang = Gaylussacia baccata
(Wang.) Koch
Andromeda calyculata L. = Chamaedaphne
calyculata (L.) Moench
Andromeda canescens Small = Andromeda
glaucophylla Link.
A. glaucophylla
Link., Bog Rosemary, Moorwort
=
A. canescens Small
=
A. polifolia L. ssp. glaucophylla (Link) Hultén
=
A. polifolia L. var. angustifolia Ait.
=
A. polifolia L. var. glaucophylla (Link.) DC.
=
A. polifolia L. var. latifolia Ait.
=
A. rosmarinifolia Pursh, not Gilib.
Andromeda rosmarinifolia Pursh, not Gilib. =
Andromeda glaucophylla Link.
ANDROPOGON
L. (Poaceae)
Andropogon
furcatus Muhl. = Andropogon gerardii Vitm.
A. gerardii
Vitm., Big Bluestem, Turkey-foot
= A. furcatus Muhl. of Zenkert 1934
Andropogon
scoparius Michx. var. scoparius = Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash ssp.
scoparium
Andropogon
scoparius var. frequens Hubbard = Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash ssp.
scoparium
Andropogon
scoparius var. glaucescens House = Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash ssp.
scoparium
Andropogon
scoparius var. septentrionalis Fern. & Grisc. = Schizachyrium scoparium
(Michx.) Nash ssp. scoparium
A. virginicus
L., Broomsedge
ANEMONE
L. (Ranunculaceae)
Anemone aconitifolia
Michx. = Anemone canadensis L.
Anemone
acutiloba (DC.) Lawson = Hepatica nobilis Mill. var. acuta (Pursh) Steyerm.
A. canadensis
L., Canada Anemone, Wind-Flower
= A. aconitifolia Michx.
= A. pennsylvanica L.
= A. dichotoma (of authors)
A.
cylindrica Gray, Long-fruited Anemone, Thimbleweed,
Thimble-head Anemone
Anemone
dichotoma (of authors) = Anemone canadensis L.
Anemone
groenlandica Oed. = Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb.
Anemone
hepatica (of authors) = Hepatica nobilis Mill. var. obtusa (Pursh) Steyerm.
Anemone
nemorosa var. quinquefolia (L.) Pursh = Anemone quinquefolia L.
Anemone
pennsylvanica L. = Anemone canadensis L.
A. quinquefolia
L., Wood Anemone, Snowdrops
= A. nemorosa var. quinquefolia (L.)
Pursh
Anemone
thalictroides L. = Thalictrum thalictroides (L.) Eames & Boivin
A. virginiana L., Thimbleweed, Tall Anemone
var.
alba (Oakes) Wood
= A. riparia Fern.
= A. virginiana var. riparia (Fern.)
Boivin
var. virginiana
Anemonella thalictroides (L.) Spach = Thalictrum
thalictroides (L.) Eames & Boivin
Anethum in part = Foeniculum according to A. Wood
(no date) The American Botanist and Florist, Part IV
ANETHUM
L. (Apiaceae)
Anethum
foeniculum of
*A. graveolens L., Dill
ANGELICA
L. (Apiaceae)
A. atropurpurea
L., Purple-stemmed Angelica, Alexanders
= A. atropurpurea var. occidentalis
Fassett
= Archangelica. atropurpurea Hoffm.
A.
venenosa (Greenway) Fern., Hairy Angelica, Deadly
Angelica
= A. villosa (Walt.) BSP
= Archangelica hirsuta Torr. & A.
Gray
Annona
triloba L. = Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal
ANTENNARIA
Gaertn. (Asteraceae)
Antennaria
arnoglossa Greene = Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Richards.
Antennaria
brainerdii Fern. = Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Richards.
Antennaria
canadensis Greene = Antennaria neglecta Greene
Antennaria
fallax Greene and var. ambigens (Greene) Fern. = Antennaria plantaginifolia
(L.) Richards.
Antennaria
howellii Greene, including ssp.
canadensis (Greene) Bayer, ssp. petaloidea (Fern.) Bayer and ssp. neodioica
(Greene) Bayer = Antennaria neglecta Greene
Antennaria
margaritacea (L.) R. Br. = Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth.& Hook.f. ex
Clarke
Antennaria
munda Fern. = Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Richards.
A. neglecta Greene, Everlasting,
Pussy's-toes
= A. canadensis Greene
= A. grandis (Fern.) House
= A. howellii Greene
= A. howellii Greene ssp. canadensis
(Greene) Bayer
= A. howellii Greene ssp. neodioica
(Greene) Bayer
= A. howellii Greene ssp. petaloidea
(Fern.) Bayer
= A. neglecta ssp. neodioica (Greene)
Bayer
= A. neglecta var. attenuata (Fern.)
Cronq.
= A. neglecta var. howellii (Greene)
Cronq.
= A. neglecta var. randii (Fern.)
Cronq.
= A. neglecta var. simplex Peck
= A. neodioica Greene
= A. neodioica Greene ssp. petaloidea
(Fern.) Bayer & Stebbins
= A. neodioica Greene var.
chlorophylla Fern.
= A. oneidica Greene
= A. petaloidea Fern.
= A. petaloidea Fern. var.
novaboracensis Fern.
= A. randii Fern.
= A. virginica of
“Note:
“Under the International Rules of 1981, new combinations will have to be made
here at the varietal level” (Mitchell 1986).
Antennaria
neodioica Greene, including both ssp. petaloidea (Fern.) Bayer & Stebbins
and var. chlorophylla Fern. = Antennaria neglecta Greene
Antennaria
occidentalis Greene = Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Richards.
Antennaria
oneidica Greene = Antennaria neglecta Greene
Antennaria
parlinii Fern. and ssp. fallax (Greene) Bayer & Stebbins = Antennaria
plantaginifolia (L.) Richards.
Antennaria
parlinii var. arnoglossa (Greene) Fern. = Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.)
Richards.
Antennaria
petaloidea Fern. and var. novaboracensis Fern. = Antenaria neglecta Greene
Antennaria
petiolata Fern. = Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Richards.
A.
plantaginifolia (L.) Richards., Everlasting,
Pussy's-toes, Lady's Tobacco
= A. arnoglossa Greene
= A. brainerdii Fern.
= A. fallax Greene
= A. fallax Greene var. ambigens
(Greene) Fern.
= A. munda Fern.
= A. occidentalis Greene
= A. parlinii Fern. (ssp. parlinii)
= A. parlinii Fern. ssp. fallax
(Greene) Bayer & Stebbins
= A. petiolata Fern.
= A. plantaginifolia var. ambigens
(Greene) Cronq.
= A. plantaginifolia var. arnoglossa
(Greene) Cronq.
= A. plantaginifolia var. petiolata
(Fern.) Heller
= A. solitaria Rydb.
“Note:
Under the International Rules of 1981, new combinations will have to be made
here at the varietal level,” (Mitchell 1986).
Antennaria
randii Fern. = Antennaria neglecta Greene
Antennaria
solitaria Rydb. = Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Richards.
Antennaria
virginica of
ANTHEMIS
L. (Asteraceae)
*A. arvensis
L., Corn Chamomile, Dog Fennel
= A. arvensis var. agrestis (Wallr.)
DC.
= Chamemelum arvense (L.) Schreb.
*A. cotula L., Mayweed, Stinking
Chamomile, Stinkweed, Dogweed, Dog Fennel
=
Maruta cotula (L.) DC.
*A. tinctoria
L., Yellow Chamomile, Dyer's Chamomile
=
Chamemelum tinctorium (L.) Schreb .
=
Cota tinctoria (L.) Gay
ANTHOXANTHUM
L. (Poaceae)
*A. odoratum
L., Sweet Vernal Grass
ANTHRISCUS Pers. emend.
Hoffm. (Apiaceae)
*A. cerefolium
(L.) Hoffm., Chervil
*A. sylvestris
(L.) Hoffm., Wild Chervil
=
Chaerophyllum sylvestre L.
Anychia divaricata
Raf. = Paronychia fastigiata (Raf.) Fern.
Anychia polygonoides
Raf. = Paronychia fastigiata (Raf.) Fern.
Apalanthe schweinitzii Planch. = Elodea
canadensis Rich. ex Michx.
Apargia hispida (L.) Willd. = Leontodon hispidus
L.
Apargia nudicaulis (of authors) = Leontodon
taraxacoides (Vill.) Merat
Aphyllon uniflorum (L.) Torrey & Asa Gray ex
Asa Gray = Orobanche uniflora L.
APIOS Fabr. (Fabaceae)
A.
= A. tuberosa Moench
= Glycine apios L.
Apios
tuberosa Moench = Apios
APLECTRUM
(Nutt.) Torrey (Orchidaceae)
A.
hyemale (Muhl. ex Willd.) Nutt., Putty-root Orchid,
Adam-and-Eve
APOCYNUM
L. (Apocynaceae)
A. androsaemifolium
L., Spreading Dogbane, Pink Dogbane, Indian Hemp
= A. androsaemifolium var. incanum
= A. scopulorum Greene ex Rydb.
A.
androsaemifolium × cannabinum = A. × floribundum Greene,
Intermediate Dogbane, Indian Hemp
= A. medium Greene of Zenkert 1934
= A. × medium Greene
= A. milleri Britt.
A. cannabinum
L., Clasping-leaved Dogbane, Indian Hemp, Dogbane
var.
cannabinum
= A. cannabinum var. glaberrimum
= A. cannabinum var. pubescens
(Mitchell ex R. Br.) A. DC.
= A. pubescens Mitchell ex R. Br.
var.
hypericifolium Gray
= A. sibiricum Jacq.
Apocynum
medium Greene of Zenkert 1934 = [Apocynum androsaemifolium × cannabinum = A. ×
floribundum Greene]
Apocynum
pubescens Mitchell ex R. Br. = Apocynum cannabinum L.
Apocynum
scopulorum Greene ex Rydb. = Apocynum androsaemifolium L.
Apocynum
sibiricum Jacq. = Apocynum cannabinum L. var. hypericifolium Gray
AQUILEGIA
L. (Ranunculaceae)
A. canadensis
L., Wild Columbine, Red Columbine, Rock-Bells, Meetinghouses 3
= A. canadensis var. coccinea (Small)
Munz
= A. coccinea Small
Aquilegia
coccinea Small = Aquilegia canadensis L.
*A. vulgaris
L., Garden Columbine, Blue or Purple Columbine
ARABIDOPSIS
Heynh. (Brassicaceae)
Arabidopsis lyrata
(L.) O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz ssp. lyrata = Arabis lyrata L.
*A. thaliana (L.) Heynh.,
Mouse-ear Cress
=
Arabis thaliana L.
=
Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Britt. ex Britt. & Brown
=
Sisymbrium thalianum (L.) J. Gay & Monn.
ARABIS L. (Brassicaceae)
Arabis billardieri DC. = Arabis caucasica Schlect.
ex Willd.
Arabis brachycarpa (Torrey & A. Gray) Britt.
= [Arabis drummondii × holboellii = A. × divaricarpa A. Nels.]
Arabis bulbosa Schreb. ex Muhl. = Cardamine
bulbosa (Schreb. ex Muhl.) BSP
A.
canadensis L., Sickle-pod
= A. falcata Michx.
= Boerchera Canadensis (L.) Al-Shehbaz
*A.
caucasica Schlect. ex Willd., Wall Rock-cress, Arrowleaf
= A. albida Steven ex Bieb.
= A. alpina L. in part
= A. billardieri DC.
Arabis
confinis “as to [
Arabis
dentata (Torr.) Torr. & A. Gray = Arabis shortii (Fern.) Gleason
Arabis
divaricarpa A. Nels. = [Arabis drummondii × holboellii = A. × divaricarpa A.
Nels.]
A. drummondii A. Gray, Drummond's Rock
Cress
= Boechera drummondii (A. Gray)
Á. & D. Löve
= Turritis stricta Graham, not Arabis
stricta Huds. according to House, 1924 p.365
A.
drummondii × holboellii = A. × divaricarpa
A. Nels., Purple Rock-cress
= A. brachycarpa (Torrey & A.
Gray) Britt.
Arabis
falcata Michx. = Arabis canadensis L.
A.
glabra (L.) Bernh., Tower Cress, Tower-Mustard
= A. perfoliata Lam.
= Turritis glabra L.
A. hirsuta (L.) Scop., Hairy Rock
Cress
var. pycnocarpa (Hopk.) Rollins
= A. hirsuta ssp. pycnocarpa (Hopk.)
Hultén
= A. pycnocarpa Hopk.
A. laevigata
(Muhl. ex Willd.) Poir. ex Lam., Smooth Rock Cress
= Boerchera laevigata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Al-Shehbaz
A.
lyrata L., Lyre-leaved Rock Cress
= Arabidopsis lyrata (L.) O'Kane & Al-Shehbaz ssp. lyrata
= Arabis lyrata var. kamschatica
Fisch. ex DC.
= Cardamine spathulata Michx.
= Cardaminopsis lyrata (L.) Hiitonen.
Arabis
perfoliata Lam. = Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh.
Arabis
perstellata var. shortii Fern. = Arabis shortii (Fern.) Gleason
Arabis
pycnocarpa Hopk. = Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop. var. pycnocarpa (Hopk.) Rollins
Arabis
rhomboidea Pers. = Cardamine bulbosa (Schreb. ex Muhl.) BSP
A.
shortii (Fern.) Gleason, Short's Rock Cress, Toothed
Rock-Cress
= A. dentata (Torr.) Torr. & A.
Gray
= A. perstellata var. shortii Fern.
Arabis
stricta Huds., see Arabis drummondii A. Gray
Arabis
thaliana L. = Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.
ARALIA
L. (Araliaceae)
A.
hispida Vent., Bristly Sarsaparilla, Dwarf-Elder
A. nudicaulis L., Wild Sarsaparilla
A.
racemosa L., Spikenard, Petty-Morrel, Life-of-Man
A. spinosa
L., Hercules' Club, Devil's Walking-Stick, Angelica-Tree, Prickly-Ash
ARCEUTHOBIUM
Bieb. (Viscaceae)
A. pusillum
C. Peck, Dwarf Mistletoe
= Razoumofskya pusilla (C. Peck)
Kuntze
Archangelica
atropurpurea Hoffm. = Angelica atropurpurea L.
Archangelica
hirsuta Torr. & A. Gray = Angelica venenosa (Greenway) Fern.
ARCTIUM
L. (Asteraceae)
*A. lappa L., Great Burdock
= A. major Gaertn.
Arctium
lappa var. tomentosa (Mill.) Gray = Arctium tomentosum Mill. excluded (Zander
& Pierce 1979).
Arctium
major Gaertn. = Arctium lappa L.
*A. minus
(Hill.) Bernh., Common Burdock
= A. nemorosum of authors, not Lej.
& Court.
Arctium nemorosum of authors not Lej. &
Court. = Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh.
Arctium tomentosum Mill., excluded (Zander &
Pierce 1979).
ARCTOSTAPHYLOS L. (Ericaceae)
A.
uva-ursi (L.) Spreng., Bearberry, Sandberry,
Hog-Cranberry, Mealberry, Kinnikinnik, Mountain Box
=
A. uva-ursi varieties
ARENARIA L. (Caryophyllaceae)
Arenaria angustifolia Regel = Moehringia
lateriflora (L.) Fenzl
Arenaria lateriflora L. = Moehringia lateriflora
(L.) Fenzl
Arenaria leptoclados Reichenb. ex Guss. =
Arenaria serpyllifolia L.
Arenaria marginata DC. ex Lam. & DC. =
Spergularia media (L.) C. Presl ex Griseb.
Arenaria maritima Pall. = Spergularia media (L.)
C. Presl ex Griseb.
Arenaria media L. = Spergularia media (L.) C.
Presl ex Griseb.
Arenaria rubra L. = Spergularia rubra (L.) J.
& C. Presl
*A.
serpyllifolia L., Thyme-leaved Sandwort
= A. leptoclados Reichenb. ex Guss.
= A. serpyllifolia ssp. leptoclados
(Reichenb. ex Guss.) Nymer
= A. serpyllifolia var. tenuior Mert.
& Koch
= A. tenuior (Mert. & Koch) Gürke
Arenaria
serpyllifolia ssp. leptoclados (Reichenb. ex Guss.) Nymer and var. tenuior
Mert. & Koch = Arenaria serpyllifolia L.
Arenaria
tenuior (Mert. & Koch) Gürke = Arenaria serpyllifolia L.
ARETHUSA
L. (Orchidaceae)
A. bulbosa L., Dragon's Mouth Orchid,
Swamp Pink
ARISAEMA
Mart. (Araceae)
A. dracontium
(L.) Schott ex Schott & Endl., Green Dragon, Dragon-root
= Arum dracontium L.
= Muricauda dracontium (L.) Kunth
A. triphyllum
(L.) Schott ex Schott & Endl., Jack-in-the-Pulpit, Indian-Turnip
ssp. stewardsonii (Britt.)
Huttleston Stewardson's Jack-in-the-Pulpit
= A. stewardsonii Britt.
= A. triphyllum var. stewardsonii
(Britt.) Stevens.
ssp.
triphyllum
= A. atrorubens (Ait.) Blume
= Arum triphyllum L.
ARISTIDIA
L. (Poaceae)
*A. dichotoma
L., Poverty Grass; Three-awn
*A. oligantha
Michx., Prairie Three-awn
ARMORACIA
Gaertn., Meyer & Scherb. (Brassicaceae)
Armoracia aquatica (Eaton) Wieg. = Armoracia
lacustris (A. Gray) Al-Shehbaz & V. Bates
Armoracia armoracia (L.) Cockerell = Armoracia
rusticana (Lam.) Gaertn., Meyer & Scherb.
A. lacustris
(A. Gray) Al-Shehbaz & V. Bates,
= A. aquatica (Eaton) Wieg.
= Nasturtium lacustre A. Gray
= Neobeckia aquatica (Eaton) Greene
= Rorippa aquatica (Eaton) E. J.
Palmer & Steyermark
Armoracia
lapathifolia Gilib. = Armoracia rusticana (Lam.) Gaertn., Mey. & Scherb.
*A. rusticana (Lam.)
Gaertn., Meyer & Scherb., Horse-radish
=
A. armoracia (L.) Cockerell
=
A. lapathifolia Gilib.
=
Nasturtium armoracia (L.) Fries
Arnoglossum atriplicifolium (L.) H. Robinson =
Cacalia atriplicifolia L.
ARONIA Medik. (Rosaceae)
A. arbutifolia (L.) Pers.,
Red Chokeberry
=
Mespilus arbutifolia L.
=
Photinia pyrifolia (Lam.) Robertson & Phipps
=
Pyrus arbutifolia (L.) L.f.
=
P. arbutifolia var. erythrocarpa Michx.
Aronia arbutifolia var. atropurpurea (Britt.)
Seym. = [Aronia arbutifolia × melanocarpa = A. × prunifolia (Marsh.) Rehd.]
Aronia arbutifolia var. nigra Willd. = Aronia
melanocarpa (Michx.) Ell.
A. melanocarpa
(Michx.) Ell., Black Chokeberry
= A. arbutifolia var. melanocarpa (Michx.)
Torr.
= A. arbutifolia var. nigra Willd.
= A. nigra (Willd.) Köhne
= Mespilus arbutifolia var.
melanocarpa Michx.
= Photinia melanocarpa (Michx.)
Robertson & Phipps
= Pyrus arbutifolia var. melanocarpa Michx.
= P. melanocarpa (Michx.) Willd.
Aronia nigra (Willd.)
Köhne = Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Ell.
A.
arbutifolia × melanocarpa = A. × prunifolia (Marsh.)
Rehd., Purple Chokeberry
= A. arbutifolia var. atropurpurea
(Britt.) Seym.
= A. atropurpurea Britt.
= A. prunifolia (Marsh.) Rehd.
= Mespilus prunifolia Marsh.
= Photina floribunda (Lindl.)
Robertson & Phipps
= Pyrus arbutifolia var. atropurpurea
(Britt.) B. Robinson
= P. floribunda Lindl.
Aronia
atropurpurea Britt. = [Aronia arbutifolia × melanocarpa = A. × prunifolia
(Marsh.) Rehd.]
Aronia
prunifolia (Marsh.) Rehder = [Aronia arbutifolia × melanocarpa = A. ×
prunifolia (Marsh.) Rehd.]
ARRHENATHERUM
Beauv. (Poaceae)
Arrhenatherum
avenaceum Beauv., nom. nud. = Arrhenatherum elatius (L.) Beauv. ex Presl
& Presl
*A. elatius
(L.) Beauv. ex Presl & Presl, Tall Oat-grass
=
A. avenaceum Beauv., nom. nud.
=
A. elatius var. bulbosum (Willd.) Spenner
ARTEMISIA
L. (Asteraceae)
*A. abrotanum
L., Southernwood, Old-Man
= A. procera Willd.
*A. absinthium
L., Wormwood, Absinthe, Absinthium
*A. biennis Willd.,
Biennial Wormwood, Sage-Weed
A.
campestris L., Tall Wormwood, Wild Sage
ssp. caudata (Michx.) Hall & Clem.
=
A. caudata Michx.
=
A. canadensis of NY reports, not Michx. (and of Day, 1882)
Artemisia canadensis of NY reports, not Michx.
(and of Day, 1882) = Artemisia campestris L. ssp. caudata (Michx.) Hall &
Clem.
Artemisia caudata Michx. = Artemisia campestris
ssp. caudata (Michx.) Hall & Clem.
Artemisia gnaphaloides Nutt. = Artemisia
ludoviciana Nutt. ssp. ludoviciana
*A. ludoviciana
Nutt., Western Mugwort, White Sage,
*ssp.
ludoviciana
=
A. ludoviciana varieties including A. gnaphaloides Nutt.
Artemisia procera Willd. = Artemisia abrotanum
L.
*A.
vulgaris L., Common Mugwort, Felon-Herb
= A. vulgaris varieties
Arum
dracontium L. = Arisaema dracontium (L.) Schott ex Schott & Endl.
Arum
triphyllum L. = Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott ex Schott & Endl.
ASARUM
L. (Aristolochiaceae)
A. canadense
L., Wild ginger
= A. acuminatum (Ashe) Bickn.
= A. canadense var. acuminatum Ashe
= A. canadense var. ambiguum (Bickn.)
Farw.
= A. canadense var. reflexum (Bickn.) B.
Robinson
= A. reflexum Bickn.
ASCLEPIAS
L. (Asclepiadaceae)
Asclepias
bicknellii Vail = Asclepias exaltata L.
A.
exaltata L., Poke Milkweed
= A. bicknellii Vail
= A. phytolaccoides Pursh
A. incarnata
L., Swamp Milkweed
Asclepias
intermedia Vail = Asclepias syriaca L.
Asclepias
phytolaccoides Pursh = Asclepias exaltata L.
A.
quadrifolia Jacq., Four-leaved Milkweed
A. syriaca L., Common Milkweed
= A. cornuti Dec. in DC.
= A. intermedia Vail
A. tuberosa
L., Butterfly-weed, Pleurisy-Root, Orange Milkweed, Tuber-Root, Chigger-Flower,
Indian-Paintbrush
var. interior
(Woodson) Shinners
= A. tuberosa ssp. interior Woodson
= A. tuberosa var. tuberosa of NY
reports
A. verticillata
L., Whorled Milkweed
A. viridiflora
L., Green Milkweed
= Acerates viridiflora (Raf.) Eat.
ASIMINA
Adams (Annonaceae)
A. triloba
(L.) Dunal, Pawpaw
=
Annona triloba L.
ASPARAGUS
L. (Liliaceae)
*A. officinalis
L., Asparagus
Asperula odorata L. = Galium odoratum (L.) Scop.
Aspidium acrostichoides Sw. = Polystichum
acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott.
Aspidium boottii Tuckerm. = [Dryopteris cristata
× intermedia = D. × boottii (Tuckerm.) Underw.
Aspidium campyloptera Kunze = Dryopteris
campyloptera (Kunze) Clarkson
Aspidium cristatum (L.) Sw. = Dryopteris
cristata (L.) A. Gray
Aspidium cristatum var. clintonianum D.C. Eat. =
Dryopteris clintoniana (D. Eat. ex A. Gray) Dowell
Aspidium goldianum Hook. ex Goldie = Dryopteris
goldiana (Hook. ex Goldie) A. Gray
Aspidium intermedium Muhl. ex Willd. =
Dryopteris intermedia (Muhl. ex Willd.) A. Gray
Aspidium marginale (L.) Sw. = Dryopteris
marginalis (L.) A. Gray
Aspidium noveboracense (L.) Sw. = Thelypteris
noveboracensis (L.) Nieuwl.
Aspidium spinulosum (O.F. Muell.) Watt =
Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) Fuchs
Aspidium spinulosum var. intermedium (Muhl.)
D.C. Eaton = Dryopteris intermedia (Muhl. ex Willd.) A. Gray
Aspidium thelypteris (L.) Sw. = Thelypteris
palustris Schott
ASPLENIUM L. (Aspleniaceae)
Asplenium acrostichoides Sw. = Deparia
acrostichoides (Sw.) Kato
Asplenium angustifolium (of authors) = Diplazium
pycnocarpon (Sprengel) M. Broun
Asplenium ebeneum Ait. = Asplenium platyneuron
(L.) BSP.
Asplenium filix-femina of Gray's Manual, ed. 7 =
Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth ex Mertens var. angustum (Willd.) Lawson
A. platyneuron (L.) BSP.,
Ebony Spleenwort
=
A. ebeneum Ait.
=
A. platyneuron var. incisum (Howe ex Peck) B. Robinson
Asplenium pycnocarpon (Sprengel) Tidestr. =
Diplazium pycnocapon (Sprengel) M. Broun
A.
rhizophyllum L., Walking Fern
= A. rhizophyllum of L. and other
authors
= Camptosorus rhizophyllus (L.) Link.
A. scolopendrium L., Hart's-tongue Fern
var. americanum (Fern.) Kartesz
& Gandhi
= Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newm.
= P. scolopendrium var. americanum
Fern.
Asplenium
thelypteroides Michx. = Deparia acrostichoides (Sw.) Kato
A.
trichomanes L., Maidenhair Spleenwort
= A. trichomanes var. quadrivalens D.
Meyer
Asprella
hystrix (L.) Humb. = Elymus hystrix L. var. hystrix
Asprella
hystrix var. bigelowiana Fern. = Elymus hystrix L. var. bigeloviana (Fern.)
Bowden
ASTER
L. (Asteraceae)
A.
acuminatus Michx., Whorled Aster, Mountain Aster, Wood
Aster
= Oclemena acuminata (Michx.) Greene
Aster
aestivus Aiton was a synonym of A. longifolius Lam. according to House (1924) =
Aster praealtus Poir., q.v.
Aster
angustus (Lindl.) Torr. & A. Gray = Brachyactis ciliata (Ledeb.) Ledeb.
ssp. angusta (Lindl.) A. Jones
Aster
azureus Lindl. ex Hook. = Aster oolentangiensis Ridd.
A.
borealis (Torr. & A. Gray) Prov., Rush Aster, Bog
Aster
= A. junciformis Rydb.
= A. tenuifolius (of Day, 1882), not
Mitchell & Tucker (1997).
= Symphyotrichum boreale (Torr. &
A. Gray) Á. & D. Löve
Aster
brachyactis Blake = Brachyactis ciliata (Ledeb.) Ledeb. ssp. angusta (Lindl.)
A. Jones
Aster
carmesinus Burgess ex Britt. & Brown = Aster divaricatus L.
Aster
castaneus Burgess ex Small = Aster divaricatus L.
Aster
claytonii Burgess = Aster divaricatus L.
Aster
concinnus Willd. = Aster laevis L. var. concinnus (Willd.) House
A.
cordifolius L., Heart-leaved Aster, Blue Wood Aster
= A. cordifolius var. polycephalus
Porter
= A. cordifolius var. racemiflorus
Fern.
= Symphyotrichum
cordifolium (L.) Nesom
Aster
cordifolius var. incisus Britt. = Aster lowrieanus Porter
Aster
cordifolius var. laevigatus Porter = Aster lowrieanus Porter
Aster
cordifolius var. lanceolatus Porter = Aster lowrieanus Porter
Aster
cordifolius var. sagittifolius (Wedem. ex Willd.) A. Jones = Aster
sagittifolius Wedem. ex Willd.
Aster
corymbosus Ait. = Aster divaricatus L.
Aster
crenifolius (Fern.) Cronq. = Aster novi-belgii L. var. tardiflorus (L.) A. Jones
A. divaricatus
L., White Wood Aster
= A. carmesinus Burgess ex Britt.
& Brown
= A. castaneus Burgess ex Small
= A. claytonii Burgess
= A. corymbosus Ait.
= A. olivaceus Burgess
= A. scutiformis Burgess
= A. tenebrosus Burgess
= Eurybia divaricata (L.) Nesom
A.
dumosus L., Bushy Aster, Rice-button Aster
= A. dumosus var. coridifolius [sic]
(Michx.) Torr. & A. Gray
= A. dumosus var. var. strictior Torr.
& A. Gray
Aster
eminens Willd. = Aster longifolius Lam.
A.
ericoides L., White Heath Aster
= A. ericoides var. prostratus
(Kuntze) Blake
= A. multiflorus Ait.
= A. multiflorus Ait. var. exiguus
Fern.
= Lasallea ericoides (L.) Semple &
Brouillet
= Symphyotrichum
ericoides (L.) Nesom
= Virgulus ericoides (L.) Reveal
Aster
ericoides × novae-angliae = A. × amethystinus Nutt.,
Amethyst Wreath Aster
Aster
ericoides var. pringlei A. Gray = Aster pilosus Willd. var. pringlei (Gray)
Blake
Aster
faxonii Porter = Aster pilosus Willd. var. pringlei (Gray) Blake
Aster
hirsuticaulis Lindl. ex DC. = Aster lateriflorus (L.) Britt. var. hirsuticaulis
(Lindl. ex DC.) Porter
A.
infirmus Michx., Corn-leaved Aster, Cornel-leaved Aster
= Doellingeria infirma (Michx.) Greene
Aster
interior Wieg. = Aster lanceolatus Willd. var. interior (Wieg.) Semple &
Chmiel.
Aster
junceus Ait. = Aster longifolius Lam.
Aster
junciformis Rydb. = Aster borealis (Torr. & A. Gray) Prov.
A. laevis L., Smooth Aster
var.
laevis
= A. laevis var.
amplifolius Porter
= A. laevis var. cyaneus (Hoffm.)
Patterson
= Symphyotrichum leave (L.) Á. &
D. Löve
Aster
laevis var. cyaneus (Hoffm.) Patterson = Aster laevis L.
A. lanceolatus Willd., Tall White Aster
var.
interior (Wieg.) Semple & Chmielewski
= A. interior Wieg.
= A. lanceolatus × tradescantii of
authors
= A. simplex var. interior (Wieg.)
Cronq.
var.
lanceolatus
= A. paniculatus Lam.
= Symphiotrichum lanceolatum (Willd.) Nesom var. lanceolatum
A.
lateriflorus (L.) Britt., Starved Aster, Calico Aster, White
var. hirsuticaulis (Lindl. ex DC.)
Porter
= A. hirsuticaulis Lindl. ex DC.
= A. tradescantii L.
= A. tradescantii L. var. saxatilis
(Fern.) House
= Symphyotrichum tradescantii (L.)
Nesom
var.
lateriflorus
=
A. lateriflorus var. augustifolius Wieg.
= A. lateriflorus var. horizontalis
(Desf.) Farw.
= A. miser Nutt.
= A. vimineus Lam.
= Solidago lateriflora L.
= Symphyotrichum lateriflorum (L.) Á.
& D. Löve
Aster
longifolius of some NY reports, not Lam. = Aster praealtus Poir.
A.
lowrieanus Porter, Lowrie's Aster
= A. cordifolius var. incisus Britt.
= A. cordifolius var. laevigatus
Porter
= A. cordifolius var. lanceolatus
Porter
= A. lowrieanus var. incisus (Britt.)
Porter
= A. lowrieanus var. lanceolatus
Porter
= A. plumarius Burgess ex Britt. & Brown
= Symphyotrichum lowrieanum (Porter)
Nesom
Aster
lucidulus (A. Gray) Wieg. = Aster puniceus var. firmus (Nees) Torr. & A. Gray
A.
macrophyllus L., Large-leaved Aster
var.
macrophyllus
= A. roscidus Burgess ex Britt. & Brown
= A. violaris Burgess ex Britt. &
Brown
= Eurybia macrophylla (L.) Cass.
Aster
miser Nutt. = Aster lateriflorus (L.) Britt.
Aster
multiflorus Ait. = Aster ericoides L.
Aster
multiflorus var. exiguus Fern. = Aster ericoides L.
A.
nemoralis Ait., Bog Aster
=Oclemena nemoralis (Ait.) Greene
A.
novae-angliae L., New England Aster
= A. novae-angliae f. geneseensis
House
= A. novae-angliae var. roseus DC.
= A. roseus Desf. of Gray's Manual,
5th Ed. p. 235
= Lasallea novae-angliae (L.) Semple
& Brouillet
=Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (L.)
Nesom
= Virgulus novae-angliae (L.) Reveal
& Keener
A.
novi-belgii L., New York Aster
var. tardiflorus (L.) A. Jones,
Late-flowering Aster
= A. crenifolius (Fern.) Cronq.
= A. tardiflorus L.
= Symphyotrichum novi-belgii (L.)
Nesom var. crenifolium (Fern.) J. Labrecque & L. Brouillet
Aster
olivaceus Burgess = Aster divaricatus L.
A.
ontarionis
A.
oolentangiensis Ridd., Sky-blue Aster
= A. azureus Lindl. ex Hook
= A. shortii of NY reports, not Lindl.
=Symphyotrichum oolentangiensis
(Riddell) Nesom var. oolentangiensis
Aster
paniculatus Lam. = Aster lanceolatus Willd. var. lanceolatus
A.
patens Ait., Late Purple Aster
= A. patens var. phlogifolius (Muhl.)
Nees
Aster
patens var. phlogifolius (Muhl.) Nees = Aster patens Ait.
A.
paternus Cronq., White-topped Aster
= Conyza asteroides L.
= Sericocarpus asteroides (L.) BSP.
A. pilosus Willd., Hairy Aster, Heath
Aster
var.
pilosus
= A. ericoides of some
authors, not L.
= A. ericoides var. villosus (Michx.)
Torr. & A. Gray
= Symphyotrichum pilosum (Willd.)
Nesom var. pilosum
var. pringlei (Gray) Blake
= A. ericoides var. pringlei A. Gray
= A. faxonii Porter
= A. pilosus var. demotus Blake
= A. pringlei (Gray) Britt. ex Britt.
& Brown
Aster
plumarius Burgess ex Britt. & Brown = Aster lowrieanus Porter
A.
praealtus Poir., Willow-leaved Aster
= A. aestivus Aiton was a synonym of
A. longifolius Lam. according to House (1924)
= A. longifolius of some NY reports,
not Lam.
= A. salicifolius Ait., not Lam. (of
Zenkert, 1934)
= Symphyotrichum praealtum (Poir.)
Nesom var. praealtum
A.
prenanthoides Muhl. ex Willd., Crooked-stemmed Aster
= Aster prenanthoides var.
porrectifolius Porter
= Symphyotrichum prenanthoides (Muhl.
ex Willd.) Nesom
Aster
pringlei (A. Gray) Britt. ex Britt. & Brown = Aster pilosus Willd. var.
pringlei (A. Gray) Blake
Aster
ptarmicoides (Nees) Torr. & A. Gray = Solidago ptarmicoides (Nees) Boiv.
A. puniceus L., Purple-stemmed Aster
NOTE:
Aster vimineus Willd. = Aster puniceus var. vimineus Gray in Gray's Manual of
Botany, 5th edition p. 234, thought to be a shade form of A. puniceus.
var. firmus (Nees) Torr. & A.
Gray, Cornel-leaf Aster
= A. firmus Nees.
= A. lucidulus (A. Gray) Wieg.
var.
puniceus
= A. puniceus var. compactus Fern.
= A. puniceus var. demissus Lindl.
= Symphyotrichum puniceum (L.) Á.
& D. Löve
Aster
roscidus Burgess ex Britt. & Brown = Aster macrophyllus L. var. macrophyllus
Aster
roseus Desf. of Gray's Manual, 5th Ed. p. 235 = Aster novae-angliae L.
A.
sagittifolius Wedem. ex Willd., Arrow-leaved Aster
= A. cordifolius var. sagittifolius
(Wedem. ex Willd.) A. Jones
= A. hirtellus Lindl., according to
NYFA July 2005
= A. urophyllus of NY reports, not
Lindl., “fide A. Cronquist, who saw the type specimens,” (Mitchell &
Tucker 1997)
= Symphyotrichum urophyllum (Lindl.)
Nesom (the accepted name sec. NYFA July 2005)
Aster
salicifolius Ait., not Lam. (of Zenkert, 1934) = Aster praealtus Poir.
Aster
salicifolius Willd. not Lam. = Aster longifolius Lam.
A.
schreberi Nees, Large-leaf Aster, Schreber's Aster
= A. curvescens Burgess ex Britt.
& Brown
= A. glomeratus (Bernh. ex Nees)
Burgess ex Britt. & Brown
Aster
scutiformis Burgess = Aster divaricatus L.
Aster
shortii Lindl. = Aster oolentangiensis Ridd. (Note in
Aster
simplex Willd. = Aster lanceolatus Willd. var. simplex (Willd.) A. Jones
Aster
simplex var. interior (Wieg.) Cronq. = Aster lanceolatus var. interior (Wieg.)
Semple & Chmiel.
Aster
tardiflorus L. = Aster novi-belgii L. var. tardiflorus (L.) A. Jones; there is
an Aster × tardiflorus L. = A. cordifolius × A. puniceus reported for
Aster
tenebrosus Burgess = Aster divaricatus L.
Aster
tenuifolius (of Day, 1882) = Aster borealis (Torr. & A. Gray) Prov.
Aster
tradescantii L. = Aster lateriflorus (L.) Britt. var. hirsuticaulis (Lindl. ex
DC.) Porter
Aster
tradescantii L. var. saxatilis (Fern.) House = Aster lateriflorus (L.) Britt.
var. hirsuticaulis (Lindl. ex DC.) Porter
A. umbellatus Mill., Flat-topped White
Aster
var.
umbellatus
= Doellingeria umbellata (Mill.) Nees
= D. umbellata var. flexicaulis House
= D. umbellata var. oneidica House
A.
undulatus L., Wavy-leaved Aster
= A. undulatus var. loriformis Burgess
ex Britt. & Brown
Aster
urophyllus Lindl. = Aster sagittifolius Wedem. ex Willd.
Aster
vimineus Lam. = Aster lateriflorus (L.) Britt. “Note: The type specimen [of A.
vimineus] is apparently a garden hybrid, so this binomial will not stand for
our native plants,” (Mitchell 1986).
Aster
vimineus Lam. is treated as a synonym of A. lateriflorus by Semple and Heard
(1987) and Morton and Venn (1990).
Aster
vimineus Willd. = Aster puniceus var. vimineus Gray in Gray's Manual of Botany,
5th edition p. 234.
Aster
violaris Burgess ex Britt. & Brown = Aster macrophyllus L. var.
macrophyllus
ASTRAGALUS
L. (Fabaceae)
A. canadensis
L., Canadian Milkvetch
= A. carolinianus of authors, not L.
= Phaca canadensis (L.) Kuntze
Astragalus
cooperi A. Gray = Astragalus neglectus (Torr. & A. Gray) Sheldon
*A. glycyphyllos
L., European Milk-vetch, Fitsroot
A. neglectus
(Torr. & A. Gray) Sheldon, Cooper's Milk-vetch,
= A. cooperi A. Gray
= Phaca neglecta Torr. & A. Gray
ATHYRIUM
Roth (Dryopteridaceae)
Athyrium
acrostichoides (Sw.) Diels = Deparia acrostichoides (Sw.) Kato
Athyrium
angustifolium (Michx.) Milde = Diplazium pycnocarpon (Sprengel) M. Broun
Athyrium
angustum (Willd.) C. Presl = Athyrium filix-femina var. angustum (Willd.)
Lawson
Athyrium
asplenioides (Michx.) Desv. of authors in part = Athyrium filix-femina var.
angustum (Willd.) Lawson
Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth ex Mertens
var. angustum (Willd.) Lawson,
Northern Lady-fern, Upland Lady-fern
= Aspidium angustum Willd.
= Athyrium angustum (Willd.) C. Presl
= A. asplenioides (Michx.) Desv. of authors
in part
= A. filix-femina (L.) Roth var.
asplenioides (Michx.) Farw.
= A. filix-femina var. michauxii
(Sprengel) Farwell
Athyrium
filix-femina var. michauxii (Sprengel) Farwell = Athyrium filix-femina var.
angustum (Willd.) Lawson
Athyrium
filix-femina (L.) Roth var. asplenioides (Michx.) Farw. = Athyrium filix-femina
var. angustum (Willd.) Lawson
Athyrium
asplenioides (Michx.) Desv. (not Eat.) = Athyrium filix-femina var.
asplenioides (Michx.) Farw (excluded)
Athyrium
filix-femina (L.) Roth. var. michauxii Mett. = Athyrium filia-femina var.
angustum (Willd.) Lawson
Athyrium
pycnocarpon (Sprengel) Tidestr. = Diplazium pycnocarpon (Sprengel) M. Broun
Athyrium
thelypteroides (Michx.) Desv. = Deparia acrostichoides (Sw.) Kato
Atragene
ATRIPLEX
L. (Chenopodiaceae)
Atriplex
angustifolia Sm. = Atriplex patula L.
Atriplex
deltoides Babington = Atriplex prostrata Boucher ex DC. in Lam. & DC.
Atriplex
hastata sensu Aellen, not L. = Atriplex prostrata Boucher ex DC. in Lam. &
DC.
Atriplex
littoralis L. = Atriplex patula L.
Atriplex
oppositifolia DC. = Atriplex prostrata Boucher ex DC. in Lam. & DC.
A. patula
L., Spreading Orache, Seaside Orach or Atriplex, Spearscale
= A. angustifolia Sm.
= A. littoralis L.
= A. patula var. hastata A. Gray
= A. patula var. littoralis (L.) A.
Gray
*A. prostrata
Boucher ex DC. in Lam. & DC., Orach, Spearscale
= A. deltoides Babington
= A. hastata sensu Aellen, not L.
= A. oppositifolia DC.
= A. triangulais Willd.
*A.
rosea L., Red Orach, Rosy Orach, Tumble-weed,
Tumbling Orach
= A. spatiosa A. Nelson
Atriplex
spatiosa A. Nelson = Atriplex rosea L.
Atriplex
triangulais Willd. = Atriplex prostrata Boucher ex DC. in Lam. & DC.
Atropa
pysalodes L. = Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertn.
AUREOLARIA
Raf. (Scrophulariaceae)
A. flava (L.) Farw., Yellow False
Foxglove
var.
flava
=
A. glauca (Eddy) Raf.
= Gerardia flava L.
= G. integrifolia A. Gray
= G. quercifolia Pursh
var. macrantha Pennell,
Large-flowered False Foxglove
= Gerardia flava var. macrantha
(Pennell) Fern.
A.
pedicularia (L.) Raf., Lousewort False Foxglove, Cutleaf
False-Foxglove
= A. pedicularia var. intercedens
Pennell
= Gerardia pedicularia L.
Aureolaria
pedicularia var. intercedens Pennell = Aureolaria pedicularia (L.) Raf.
A.
virginica (L.) Pennell, Downy False Foxglove
= Gerardia virginica (L.) BSP.
AVENA
L. (Poaceae)
*A. fatua L., Oats
*ssp. fatua, Wild Oats
*ssp. sativa (L.) Thell.
=
A. sativa L.
Avena sativa L. = Avena fatua L. ssp. sativa
(L.) Thell.
Avena striata (of authors) = Schizachne
purpurascens (Torr.) Swallen
Azalea nudiflora L. = Rhododendron
periclymenoides (Michx.) Shinners
Azalea periclymenoides Michx. = Rhododendron
periclymenoides (Michx.) Shinners
AZOLLA Lam. (Azollaceae)
Azolla filiculoides of NY reports, not Lam. ex
Lam. et al. = Azolla caroliniana Willd.
A. caroliniana
Willd., Mosquito-fern, Water-fern
= Azolla filiculoides of NY reports,
not Lam. ex Lam. et al.
BALSAMITA
Mill. (Asteraceae)
*B.
major Desf., Costmary, Mint-Geranium
= B. vulgaris Willd.
= Chrysanthemum balsamita (L.) Baill.
= C. balsamita var. tanacetoides Boiss
= Tanacetum balsamita L.
Balsamita
vulgaris Willd. = Balsamita major Desf.
BAPTISIA
L. (Fabaceae)
B.
lactea (Raf.) Thieret, Prairie False-Indigo
= B. leucantha Torr. & A. Gray
Baptisia
leucantha Torr. & A. Gray = Baptisia lactea (Raf.) Thieret
B.
tinctoria (L.) Vent., Wild Indigo, Rattleweed,
Horsefly-weed
= B. tinctoria var. crebra Fern.
= B. tinctoria var. projecta Fern.
= Sophora tinctoria L.
BARBAREA
R.Br. ex Ait. (Brassicaceae)
*B. verna
(Mill.) Aschers, Early Wintercress, Winter Belle-Isle, Land-Cress
= Campe verna (Mill.) Heller
= Erysimum vernum Mill.
*B. vulgaris
R. Br., Winter Cress, Yellow Rocket, Creesy-Greens
= B. stricta Andrz. ex Bess.
= B. taurica DC.
= B. vulgaris var. arcuata (Opiz &
Presl) Fries
= B. vulgaris var. stricta A. Gray
= Campe barbarea (L.) Wight
= C. barbarea (L.) Wight var. hirsuta
(Weihe.) House
= C. stricta (Andrz. ex Bess.) Wight
= Erysimum barbarea L.
BARTONIA
Muhl. ex Willd. (Gentianaceae)
B.
virginica (L.) BSP., Yellow Bartonia, Screwstem
BASSIA
All. (Chenopodiaceae)
*B.
scoparia (L.) A. Scott, Kochia, Summer Cypress, Mexican
Fireweed
= Kochia scoparia (L.) Roth ex
Schrad.
Batrachium
longirostre (Godr.) F. Schultz = Ranunculus longirostris Godr.
Batrachium
trichophyllum (Chaix ex Vill.) Bosch. = Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix ex Vill.
BECKMANNIA
Host (Poaceae)
Beckmannia
eruciformis (of American authors) = Beckmannia syzigachne ssp. baicalensis
(Kusn.) Koy. & Kaw.
*B.
syzigachne (Steud.) Fern. Beckman's Grass, Slough-Grass
ssp. baicalensis (Kusn.) Koy.
& Kaw.
= B. eruciformis (L.) Host
BELLIS
L. (Asteraceae)
*B. perennis
L., English Daisy, Lawn Daisy
Benzoin
aestivale (L.) Nees = Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume
Benzoin
odoriferum Nees & ed 2 of Gray's Manual = Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume
BERBERIS
L. (Berberidaceae)
Berberis
aquilifolium Pursh. = Mahonia aquilifolium (Pursh) Nutt.
*B.
thunbergii DC., Japanese Barberry
*B.
vulgaris L., Common Barberry
BERTEROA
DC. (Brassicaceae)
*B.
incana (L.) DC., Hoary Alyssum
= Alyssum incanum L.
= Berteroa obliqua of NY reports, not (Sibth.
& Sm.) DC.
= B. mutabilis of NY reports, not
(Vent.) DC.
BERULA
Koch (Apiaceae)
B.
erecta (Huds.) Cov., Wild Parsnip, Water-parsnip
= B. erecta (Huds.) Cov. var. incisa
(Torr.) Cronq.
= B. pusilla (Nutt.) Fern.
= B. angustifolia (of American
authors)
BETULA
L. (Betulaceae)
Betula
alba of authors in part = Betula pubescens Ehrh.
Betula
alba var. populifolia (Marsh.) Spach = Betula populifolia Marsh.
B. alleghaniensis
Britt., Yellow Birch
= B. alleghanensis (“corrected
spelling by Britton in Britt. & Brown, 1903”), Mitchell & Tucker 1997.
= B. alleghaniensis var. macrolepis
(Fern.) Brayshaw
= B. carpinifolia Michx.
= B. excelsa Poir
= B. lutea Michx. f.
= B. lutea var. alleghaniensis
(Britt.) Ashe
Betula
carpinifolia Michx. = Betula alleghaniensis Britt.
Betula
excelsa Poir = Betula alleghaniensis Britt.
Betula
glandulosa var. glandulifera (Regel) Gleason = Betula pumila L.
B. lenta
L., Black Birch, Sweet Birch, Cherry Birch
Betula
lutea Michx.f. = Betula alleghaniensis Britt.
Betula
lutea Michx. f. var. alleghaniensis (Britt.) Ashe = Betula alleghaniensis
Britt.
B.
nigra L., River Birch, Red Birch
Betula
odorata Bechst. = Betula pubescens Ehrh.
B. papyrifera
Marsh., Paper Birch, Canoe Birch, White Birch
3
= B. papyrifera var. commutata (Regel)
Fern.
= B. papyrifera var. pensilis Fern.
B.
populifolia Marsh., Gray Birch, Gire Birch, Old Field
Birch, White Birch
= B. alba var. populifolia (Marsh.)
Spach
*B.
pubescens Ehrh.,
Downy Birch
= B. alba of authors in part
= B. odorata Bechst.
B.
pumila L., Swamp Birch
= B. glandulosa var. glandulifera
(Regel) Gleason
= B. pumila var. glandulifera Regel
BIDENS
L. (Asteraceae)
*B.
aristosa (Michx.) Britt., Western Tickseed,
Beggar-Ticks, Sticktights
= B. aristosa var. retrorsa (Sherff)
Wund.
= B. polylepis Blake
Bidens
beckii Torr. ex Spreng. = Megalodonta beckii (Torr. ex Spreng.) Greene
*B.
bipinnata L., Spanish Needles
B.
cernua L., Nodding Sticktight, Bur-Marigold
= B. cernua varieties
Bidens
chrysanthemoides Michx. = Bidens laevis (L.) BSP
Bidens
comosa (Gray) Wieg. = Bidens tripartita L.
B.
connata Muhl. ex Willd., Beggar-ticks, Stick-tights
= B. connata var. petiolata (Nutt.)
Farw.
B.
coronata (L.) Britt., Tickseed Sunflower
= B. coronata varieties
= B. coronata var. trichosperma
(Michx.) Fern.
= B. trichosperma (Michx.) Britt.
= B. trichosperma var. tenuiloba (A.
Gray) Britt.
= Coreopsis trichosperma Michx.
B.
frondosa L., Common Beggar-ticks
= B. frondosa varieties
B.
laevis (L.) BSP., Smooth Beggar-ticks
= B. chrysanthemoides Michx.
Bidens
polylepis Blake = Bidens aristosa (Michx.) Britt.
Bidens
trichosperma (Michx.) Britt. = Bidens coronata (L.) Britt.
Bidens
trichosperma var. tenuiloba (A. Gray) Britt. = Bidens coronata (L.) Britt.
B.
tripartita L., Swamp Beggar-ticks
= B. comosa (A. Gray) Wieg.
B.
vulgata Greene, Tall Beggar-ticks
Bilderdykia
cilinode (Michx.) Greene = Polygonum cilinode Michx.
Bilderdykia
convolvulus (L.) Dumort. = Polygonum convolvulus L.
Blechnum
virginicum L. = Woodwardia virginica (L.) Sm.
Blephariglottis
blephariglottis (Willd.) Rydb. ex Britt. = Platanthera blephariglottis (Willd.)
Lindl.
Blephariglottis
grandiflora (Bigel.) Rydb. ex Britt. = Platanthera grandiflora (Bigel.) Lindl.
Blephariglottis
leucophaea (Nutt.) Farw. = Platanthera leucophaea (Nutt.) Lindl.
Blephariglottis
psycodes (L.) Rybd. ex Britt. = Platanthera psycodes (L.) Lindl.
BLEPHILIA
Raf. (Lamiaceae)
B.
hirsuta (Pursh) Benth., Wood Mint
Blitum
bonus-henricus Reichenb. = Chenopodium bonus-henricus L.
Blitum
capitatum L. = Chenopodium capitatum (L.) Aschers.
Blitum
maritimum Nutt. = Chenopodium rubrum L.
Boebera
papposa (Vent.) Hitchc. = Dyssodia papposa (Vent.) Hitchc.
Boechera
canadensis (L.) Al-Shehbaz = Arabis canadensis L.
Boechera
drummondii (A. Gray) Á. & D. Löve =
Arabis drummondii A. Gray
Boerchera laevigata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Al-Shehbaz =
Arabis laevigata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Poir. ex Lam.
BOEHMERIA
Jacq. (Urticaceae)
B.
cylindrica (L.) Sw., False Nettle
= B. cylindrica var. drummondiana (Wedd.)
Wedd.
Bolboschoenus
fluviatilis (Torr.) Soják = Scirpus fluviatilis (Torrey) A. Gray
Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.)
Palla ssp. paludosus (A. Nelson) T. Koyama = Scirpus maritimus L.
BORAGO
L. (Boraginaceae)
*B. officinalis
L., Borage
BOTRYCHIUM
Sw. (Ophioglossaceae)
Botrychium
ternatum var. lunarioides (Michx.) D.C. Eat. = Botrychium lunarioides (Michx.)
Sw. (excluded by Zander & Pierce 1979)
Botrychium
angustisegmentum (Pease & Moore) Fern. = Botrychium lanceolatum var.
angustisegmentum Pease & Moore
B.
dissectum Spreng., Dissected Grape-fern, Cutleaf
Grape-fern; see note below under Botrychium lunarioides.
= B. dissectum var. elongatum Gilb.
& Haberer
= B. dissectum var. obliquum (Muhl. ex
Willd.) Clute
= B. ternatum Sw. var. dissectum
(Spreng.) D. Eaton
= B. obliquum Muhl.
= B. obliquum var. elongatum Gilbert
& Haberer
= B. obliquum var. dissectum (Spreng.)
Prantl
Botrychium
dissectum × multifidum = Botrychium oneidense (Gilbert) House
Botrychium
dissectum var. obliquum (Muhl. ex Willd.) Clute = Botrychium dissectum Spreng.
Botrychium
dissectum var. oneidense (Gilb.) CLute = Botychium oneidense (Gilb.) House
B.
lanceolatum (Gmel.) Aongstr., Lance-leaved Grape Fern
var. angustisegmentum Pease &
Moore
= Botrychium angustisegmentum (Pease
& Moore) Fern.
B.
lunaria (L.) Sw., Moonwort
= B. lunaria var. onondagense
(Underw.) House
= B. onondagense Underw.
Botrychium
lunaria var. onondagense (Underw.) House = Botrychium lunaria (L.) Sw.
Botrychium
matricariae (Schrank) Spreng. = Botrychium multifidum (Gmel.) Rupr.
Botrychium
lunarioides Swartz of Gray's 5th edition of the manual has two varieties: var.
obliquum (= Botychium obliquum Muhl.) and var. dissectum (= Botrychium dissectum
Muhl.) (p.672). George Clinton used these names in his collecting diary. These
ferns today are probably Botrychium dissectum Spreng.
B.
matricariifolium (A.Br. ex Doell) A.
= B. neglectum Wood
B.
multifidum (Gmel.) Rupr., Intermediate Leather Grape Fern,
Leather-leaved Grapefern
= B. matricariae (Schrank) Spreng.
= B. multifidum var. intermedium (D.
Eat.) Farw.
= B. silaifolium Presl
= B. ternatum var. intermedium D.C.
Eat.
Botrychium
multifidum var. oneidense (Gilb.) Farw. = Botrychium oneidense (Gilbert) House
Botrychium
neglectum Wood = Botrychium matricariifolium (A.Br. ex Doell) A.
Botrychium
obliquum Muhl. = Botrychium dissectum Spreng.
Botrychium
obliquum var. dissectum (Spreng.) Prantl = Botrychium dissectum Spreng.
Botrychium
obliquum var. elongatum Gilbert & Haberer = Botrychium dissectum Spreng.
Botrychium
obliquum var. oneidense (Gilbert) Waters = Botrychium oneidense (Gilbert)
Waters
B.
oneidense (Gilbert) House, Oneida Grape Fern
= B. dissectum var. oneidense (Gilb.)
Clute
= B. dissectum × multifidum
= B. multifidum var. oneidense (Gilb.)
Farw.
= B. obliquum var. oneidense (Gilbert)
Waters
Botrychium
onondagense Underw. = Botrychium lunaria (L.) Sw.
Botrychium
silaifolium Presl = Botrychium multifidum (Gmel.) Rupr.
B.
simplex E. Hitchc., Little Grape Fern, Least Moonwort,
Dwarf Grape-fern
= B. simplex var. laxifolium Clausen,
not (Clausen) Fern.
= B. simplex var. tenebrosum (A.
Eaton) Clausen
= B. tenebrosum A. Eaton
Botrychium
tenebrosum A. Eaton = Botrychium simplex
Botrychium
ternatum var. dissectum (Spreng) D.C. Eat. = Botrychium dissectum Spreng.
Botrychium
ternatum var. intermedium D.C. Eat. = Botrychium multifidum (Gmel.) Rupr.
B.
virginianum (L.) Sw., Rattlesnake Fern
BRACHYACTIS
Ledeb. (Asteraceae)
*B. ciliata (Ledeb.)
Ledeb., Rayless Aster
ssp. angusta (Lindl.) A. Jones
=
Aster brachyactis Blake
=
Brachyactis angusta (Lindl.) Britt.
=
Symphyotrichum ciliatum (Ledeb.) Nesom
BRACHYELYTRUM Beauv.
(Poaceae)
Brachyelytrum aristatum (Pers.) R.& S. =
Brachyelytrum erectum (Schreb.) Beauv.
Brachyelytrum aristatum Beauv. of Gray's 5th ed.
= Brachyelytrum erectum (Schreb.) Beauv.
Brachyelytrum aristosum (Michx.) Trel. =
Brachyelytrum erectum (Schreb.) Beauv.
B. erectum (Schreb.)
Beauv., Bearded Short-husk, Brachyelytrum
=
Dilepyrum erectum (Schreb.) Farw.
=
Muhlenbergia erecta Schreb. in Roth ex Spreng.
=
Brachyelytrum aristatum (Pers.) R.& S.
=
B. aristatum Beauv. of Gray's 5th ed
=
B. aristosum (Michx.) Trel.
Brachyelytrum erectum var. glabratum (Vasey ex
Millsp.) T. Koyama & Kawano = Brachyelytrum septentrionale (
Brachyelytrum erectum var. septentrionale
B. septentrionale
(
=
B. erectum var. septentrionale
=
B. erectum var. glabratum (Vasey ex Millsp.) T. Koyama & Kawano
BRASENIA Schreb. (Cabombaceae)
Brasenia peltata Pursh = Brasenia schreberi
Gmel.
B. schreberi Gmel.,
Water-shield, Purple Wen-dock
=
B. peltata Pursh
BRASSICA L. (Brassicaceae)
Brassica arvensis (L.) Rabenh. = Sinapis
arvensis L.
Brassica arvensis var. schkuhriana (Reichenb.)
Wheeler = Sinapis arvensis L.
Brassica campestris L. = Brassica rapa L.
Brassica eruca L. = Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav.
ssp. sativa (Mill.) Thell.
*B.
juncea (L.) Czern., Indian Mustard, Brown Mustard,
Chinese Mustard, Curly Mustard
= B. japonica Thunb.
= B. juncea varieties
Brassica
kaber (DC.) L. Wheeler = Sinapis arvensis L.
Brassica
kaber var. pinnatifida (Stokes) Wheeler = Sinapis arvensis L.
*B. nigra (L.) Koch, Black
Mustard
= Sinapis nigra L.
*B.
oleracea L., Cabbage, Kale, Broccoli, Cauliflower,
Kohlrabi, Brussels Sprouts
= B. sylvestris (L.) Mill.
*B. rapa L., Field Mustard, Turnip, Bok Choy,
Chinese Cabbage
= B. campestris L
= B. rapa ssp. oleifera DC.
Brassica sinapistrum
Boiss. = Sinapis arvensis L.
Brassica sylvestris
(L.) Mill. = Brassica oleracea L.
BRIZA
L. (Poaceae)
*B.
media L., Quaking Grass
Bromelica
striata (Michx.) Farw. = Schizachne purpurascens (Torr.) Swallen
BROMUS
L. (Poaceae)
Bromus
altissimus Pursh = Bromus latiglumis (Shear) Hitchc.
B. ciliatus L., Fringed Brome-grass
Bromus
ciliatus var. purgans (L.) Gray = Bromus pubescens Muhl. ex Willd.
*B. commutatus
Schrad., Fringed Brome, Hairy Chess
*B. erectus
Huds., Upright Brome-grass, Hungarian Brome
*B. hordeaceus L., Soft Chess
=
B. mollis of authors, not L.
Bromus incanus (Shear) Hitchc. = Bromus
latiglumis (Shear) Hitchc.
*B. inermis Leyss.,
Hungarian Brome-grass, Smooth Brome, Awnless Brome
=
B. inermis var. divaricatus Rohl.
*B. japonicus
Thunb. ex Murr., Japanese Brome-grass, Japanese Chess
B. kalmii Gray, Kalm's Brome-grass
B.
latiglumis (Shear)
= Bromus altissimus Pursh
= Bromus incanus (Shear) Hitchc.
Bromus
mollis of authors, not L. = Bromus hordeaceus L.
Bromus
nottowayanus Fern. reported for southern Ontario by Wagnon (1952) “with mapped
records from the Niagara Peninsula [Regional Municipality of Niagara] and at
the eastern end of Lake Ontario (probably within New York State)” is said to be
closely related to B. pubescens, the sheaths densely pubescent at the summit,
“but has a 5-nerved upper glume and may be the result of hybridization of that
species with B. altissimus or even B. kalmii” (Dore & McNeill 1980). Morton
and Venn (1990) indicate that B. nottowayanus is probably B. pubescens as does
Voss (1972). Not noted for
*B. pubescens
Muhl. ex
= B. ciliatus var. purgans (L.) Gray
= B. purgans of authors, not L.
Bromus purgans L. = Bromus pubescens Muhl. ex
Willd.
*B. racemosus
L., Smooth Brome-grass, Soft Chess
*B. secalinus
L., Cheat, Chess, Rye-brome
*B. sterilis
L., Barren Brome-grass, Poverty-brome
*B. tectorum
L., Downy Brome-grass, Cheat-grass
Brunella (orth. var.) = Prunella L.
BRUNNERA Stev. (Boraginaceae)
*B.
macrophylla (
= Anchusa myosotidiflora Lehm.
= Myosotis macrophylla
BUCHNERA
L. (Scrophulariaceae)
B.
BUDDLEJA
L. (Buddlejaceae)
*B. davidii
Franch., Summer Lilac, Butterfly-bush, Buddleja
BUGLOSSOIDES
Moench (Boraginaceae)
*B. arvense
(L.) Johnst., Corn Gromwell, Bastard Alkanet
= Lithospermum arvense L.
BULBOSTYLIS Kunth
(Cyperaceae)
B. capillaris (L.) Clarke,
Sand-rush
=
Fimbristylis capillaris A. Gray
=
Stenophyllus capillaris (L.) Britt.
=
S. capillaris var. cryptostachys Fern.
BUTOMUS
L. (Butomaceae)
*B. umbellatus
L., Flowering Rush
CACALIA
L. (Asteraceae)
C. atriplicifolia
L., Orache-leaved Indian-plantain, Pale Indian-plantain, Wild Collard
=
Arnoglossum atriplicifolium (L.) H. Robinson
C. suaveolens
L., Indian Plantain, Sweet-scented Indian-plantain
CAKILE Mill. (Brassicaceae)
Cakile
C. edentula (Bigel.) Hook.,
Sea-rocket, Shore-rocket
ssp. edentula
ssp.
lacustris Fern.
= C. edentula
ssp. lacustris (Fern.) Hultén
CALAMAGROSTIS Adans.
(Poaceae)
Calamagrostis arenaria Roth. of Gray's Manual
ed. 5 = Ammophila breviligulata Fernald,
q.v.
C. canadensis
(Michx.) Beauv.,
var.
canadensis
= C. canadensis var. robusta Vasey
= C. hyperborea Lange
Calamagrostis
hyperborea Lange = Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Beauv. var. canadensis
CALAMINTHA
Mill. (Lamiaceae)
C. arkansana (Nutt.)
Shinners, Low Calamint, Calamint
=
C. nuttallii Benth.
=
Clinopodium arkansanum (Nutt.) House
=
Hedeoma arkansana Nutt.
=
Micromeria glabella of
=
Satureja arkansana (Nutt.) Briq.
=
S. glabella var. angustifolia (Torr.) Svenson
=
S. glabella of
=
S. glabra (Nutt.) Fern.
=
Calamintha glabella var. nuttallii (Benth.) Gray
Calamintha clinopodium Benth. in DC. =
Clinopodium vulgare L.
Calamintha glabella var. nuttallii (Benth.) Gray
= Calamintha arkansana (Nutt.) Shinners
Calamintha nuttallii Benth. = Calamintha
arkansana (Nutt.) Shinners
CALAMOVILFA (A. Gray)
Hack. ex Scribn. & Southw. (Poaceae)
*C.
longifolia (Hook.) Scribn.,
var. magna Scribn. & Merr.
CALLA
L. (Araceae)
C. palustris
L., Wild Calla, Water-arum
CALLITRICHE L.
(Callitrichaceae)
Callitriche anceps Fern. = Callitriche
heterophylla Pursh
C. heterophylla
Pursh, Large Water-starwort
=
C. anceps Fern.
C.
palustris L., Water-starwort
= C. verna L.
Callitriche
verna L. = Callitriche palustris L.
CALOPOGON
R. Br. ex Ait. (Orchidaceae)
Calopogon
pulchellus (Salisb.) R.
C. tuberosus
(L.) BSP., Grass Pink Orchid
= C. pulchellus (Salisb.) R.
= Calthea pulchella (Salisb.) Salisb.,
not (Willd.) Salisb.
CALTHA
L. (Ranunculaceae)
C.
palustris L., Marsh Marigold, Cowslip
=
C. flabellifolia Pursh
=
C. palustris var. flabellifolia (Pursh) Torr. & A. Gray
=
C. palustris var. radicans (Forst.) Hartm.
= C. radicans Forst.
Calthea pulchella (Salisb.) Salisb., not
(Willd.) Salisb. = Calopogon tuberosus (L.) BSP.
CALYPSO Salisb. (Orchidaceae)
Calypso borealis Salisb. = Calypso bulbosa (L.)
Oakes
C. bulbosa
(L.) Oakes, Calypso Orchid, Fairyslipper
= C. borealis Salisb.
= Cytherea bulbosa (L.) Salisb.
CALYSTEGIA
R. Br. (Convolvulaceae)
Calystegia
pellita (Ledeb.) G. Don = Calystegia hederacea Wallich
*C.
hederacea Wallich, Japanese Bindweed
= Calystegia pellita (Ledeb.) G. Don
= C. pubescens Lindl.
= Convolvulus pellitus Ledeb.
= C. japonicus Thunb.
= C. wallichianus Spreng.
Calystegia
pubescens Lindl. = Calystegia hederacea Wallich
C. sepium (L.) R. Br.,
Hedge-bindweed, Wild Morning-glory, Trailing Hedge-bindweed
*ssp. sepium (L.) R.
= Convolvulus nashii House
= C. sepium var. communis R. Tryon
= C. sepium var. sepium
C.
spithamea (L.) Pursh, Low Bindweed
= Convolvulus spithameus L.
CAMELINA
Crantz (Brassicaceae)
*C.
microcarpa Andrz. ex DC., Small-fruited False Flax,
Littlepod
*C.
sativa (L.) Crantz, False Flax, Dutch Flax,
Gold-of-Pleasure
CAMPANULA
L. (Campanulaceae)
C.
= Campanulastrum americanum (L.) Small
C.
aparinoides Pursh, Marsh Bellflower
= C. aparinoides var. grandiflora Holz
= C. aparinoides var. uliginosa
(Rydb.) Gleason
= C. uliginosa Rydb.
*Campanula
glomerata L., a rare introduction in
*C.
rapunculoides L., Creeping Bellflower
= C. rapunculoides var. ucranica
(Bess.) Koch
C.
rotundifolia L., Harebell, Bluebell
Campanula
uliginosa Rydb. = Campanula aparinoides Pursh
Campanulastrum
americanum (L.) Small = Campanula
Campe
barbarea (L.) Wight = Barbarea vulgaris R. Br.
Campe
barbarea (L.) Wight var. hirsuta (Weihe.) House = Barbarea vulgaris R. Br.
Campe
stricta (Andrz. ex Bess.) Wight = Barbarea vulgaris R. Br.
Campe
verna (Mill.) Heller = Barbarea verna (Mill.) Aschers
[CAMPSIS
Lour. (Bignoniaceae)]
[C.
radicans (L.) Seem. ex Bureau, Trumpet-creeper, Trumpet-vine, Trumpet-flower,
possibly est. in Regl. M. Niag.
Camptosorus
rhizophyllus (L.) Link = Asplenium rhizophyllum L.
CANNABIS
L. (Cannabaceae)
Cannabis
indica Lam. = Cannabis sativa L.
*C.
sativa L., Hemp, Marijuana
= C. indica Lam.
= C. sativa ssp. indica (Lam.) Small
& Cronq.
Capnoides
flavula (Raf. ex Desv.) Kuntze = Corydalis flavula (Raf. ex Desv.) DC.
Capnoides
sempervirens (L.) Borck. ex Roemer = Corydalis sempervirens (L.) Pers.
CAPSELLA
Medik. (Brassicaceae)
*C. bursa-pastoris
(L.) Medik., Shepherd's Purse, Pick-pocket
=
= Capsella bursa-pastoris var. bifida Crépin
= Thlaspi bursa-pastoris L.
Carara
didyma (L.) Britt. = Coronopus didymus (L.) Sm.
CARDAMINE
L. (Brassicaceae)
Cardamine
arenicola Britt. = Cardamine parviflora L. var. arenicola (Britt.) Schulz
C.
bulbosa (Schreb. ex Muhl.) BSP, Bulbous Spring Cress
= Arabis bulbosa Schreb. ex Muhl.
= A. rhomboidea Pers.
= Cardamine rhomboidea (Pers.) DC.
C. concatenata
(Michx.) Schwein., Cut-leaved Toothwort
= Dentaria concatenata Michx.
= D. laciniata Muhl. ex Willd.
C.
concatenata × diphylla = C. × maxima (Nutt.)
Wood, Large Toothwort
= Cardamine maxima (Nutt.) Wood
= Dentaria diphylla × laciniata
= D. diphylla × maxima
= D. × incisa K. Schum.
= D. × incisifolia Eames
= D. laciniata × maxima
= D. maxima Nutt.
C.
diphylla (Michx.) Wood, Two-leaved Toothwort
= Dentaria diphylla Michx.
C.
douglassii Britt. (not Torr.), Purple Spring-cress
= C. rhomboidea var. purpurea Torr.
*C.
flexuosa With., Rock-cress
Cardamine
flexuosa of some NY reports, not With. = Cardamine parviflora L. var. arenicola
(Britt.) Schulz OR Cardamine pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd.
*Cardamine
hirsuta L. in
Cardamine
hirsuta sensu Torrey's NY Flora, not L. = Cardamine pensylvanica Muhl. ex
Willd.
Cardamine
maxima (Nutt.) Wood = [Cardamine concatenata × diphylla = C. × maxima (Nutt.)
Wood]
Cardamine
parviflora (of American authors) = Cardamine parviflora var. arenicola (Britt.)
O. E. Schulz
C.
parviflora L., Small-flowered Bitter Cress, Small-flowered
Bittercress
var. arenicola (Britt.) O.E. Schulz
= C. arenicola Britt.
= C. flexuosa of some NY reports, not
With.
= C. parviflora var. parviflora (of
American authors)
= C. virginica Michx.
C.
pensylvanica Muhl. ex
= C. flexuosa of some NY reports, not
With.
= C. hirsuta sensu Torrey's NY Flora,
not L.
= C. pensylvanica var. brittoniana
Farw.
Cardamine
pensylvanica var. brittoniana Farw. = Cardamine pensylvanica Muhl. ex Willd.
C. pratensis
L., Cuckoo-flower
= C. palustris Peterm. ex Rabenh.
= C. pratensis var. palustris Wimm.
& Graeb.
= C. pratensis ssp. palustris (Wimm.
& Graebn.) Clausen
Cardamine
rhomboidea DC. = Cardamine bulbosa (Schreb. ex Muhl.) BSP
Cardamine
rhomboidea var. purpurea Torr. = Cardamine douglassii Britt. (not Torr.)
C. rotundifolia Michx., Round-leaved
Cress
Cardamine spathulata Michx. = Arabis lyrata L.
Cardamine virginica Michx. = Cardamine
parviflora L. var. arenicola (Britt.) Schulz
Cardaminopsis lyrata (L.) Hiitonen. = Arabis
lyrata L.
CARDARIA Desv. (Brassicaceae)
*Cardaria
draba (L.) Desv., Hoary Cress
= Lepidium draba L.
CARDUUS
L. (Asteraceae)
*C.
acanthoides L., Bristle-thistle, Spiny Plumeless-thistle
Carduus
mariana L. = Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.
*C.
nutans L., Nodding Thistle, Musk-thistle
CAREX
L. (Cyperaceae)
Carex
abacta Bailey = Carex michauxiana Boeckl.
Carex aenea Fern. = Carex argyrantha Tuckerm
C.
aestivalis Curtis ex A. Gray, Summer-sedge
C.
alata Torr., Broad-winged Sedge
C. albicans
Willd. ex Spreng., Sedge
var.
albicans
= C. artitecta
Mackz.
= C. nigromarginata var. muhlenbergii
(A. Gray) Gleason
= C. varia of old NY reports, not
Muhl. ex Willd.
var. emmonsii (Dewey ex Torrey)
Rettig, Emmons' Sedge
= C. emmonsii Dewey ex Torrey
C. albursina Sheldon, White
Bear Sedge
=
C. laxiflora var. latifolia Boott
C. alopecoidea
Tuckerm., Fox-sedge
C. amphibola
Steud.
var. turgida Fern., Gray Sedge
= C. grisea Wahl.
= C. grisea auct. non Wahlenb.
= C. corrugata Fern.
Carex
anceps Muhl. = Carex laxiflora Lam. var. laxiflora
Carex
angustata Boott, according to Gray's Manual, ed. 5, 1867 = Carex stricta Lam.
Carex angustior
Mackenzie ex Rydb. = Carex echinata Murr.
C.
annectens (Bickn.) Bickn.
var.
annectens
var. xanthocarpa (Bickn.) Wieg.
= C. brachyglossa Mackenzie
C. appalachica Webber &
Ball
=
C. radiata (Wahlenberg) Small, “formerly C. radiata sensu Mackenzie”
=
C. rosea var. radiata (Wahlenberg) Dewey
C. aquatilis Wahl.,
Northern Water-sedge
=
C. aquatilis var. altior (Rydb.) Fern.
=
C. substricta (Kuekenth) Mackenzie ex Rydb.
C. arctata
Boott ex Hook., Drooping Wood-sedge
C. argyrantha Tuckerm.,
Hay-sedge
=
C. aenea Fern. (sec. NYFA July 2005)
=
C. foenea of some old NY reports, not Willd.
=
C. siccata Dewey (sec. NYFA July 2005)
Carex artitecta Mackz. = Carex albicans Willd.
ex Spreng. var. albicans
Carex asa-grayi Bailey = Carex grayi Carey
C. atherodes
Spreng., Wheat-ear Sedge
C. atlantica
Bailey
ssp. atlantica, Prickly Bog-sedge
= C. atlantica var. incomperta
(Bickn.) Herm.
= C. incomperta Bickn.
ssp. capillacea (Bailey) Reznicek,
Howe's Sedge
= C. howei Mackenzie
C. aurea
Nutt., Golden-fruited Sedge
Carea aurea Nutt. in part = Carex garberi Fern.
C. backii Boott, Back's Sedge
=
C. durifolia Bailey
C. bebbii
(Bailey) Olney ex Fern., Bebb's Sedge
Carex bicolor (of authors) = Carex garberi Fern.
C. blanda Dewey, Charming Sedge,
Woodland Sedge
=
C. laxiflora var. blanda (Dewey) Boott
Carex brachyglossa Mackenzie = Carex annectens
(Bickn.) Bickn. var. xanthocarpa (Bickn.) Wieg.
C. brevior
(Dewey) Mackenzie ex Lunell, Common Fescue-sedge
Carex brevior (Dewey)
Mackenzie in part = Carex merritt-fernaldii Mackenzie
C. bromoides
Schkuhr ex Willd., Brome-like Sedge
C. brunnescens (Pers.) Poir. ex Lam., Brownish Sedge
var. brunnescens
C. buxbaumii Wahl., Brown
Sedge
=
C. polygama Schk.
C. canescens L., Silvery
Sedge
=
C. canescens var. disjuncta Fern.
=
C. canescens var. subloliacea Laest.
=
C. curta Good., according to Gray, 1967, Manual ed 5
C. careyana
Torr. ex Dewey, Carey's Sedge
Carex cephalantha (Bailey) Bickn. = Carex
echinata Murr.
C. cephaloidea (Dewey) Dewey,
Thin-leaved Sedge
=
C. sparganioides var. cephaloidea (Dewey) Carey
C. cephalophora
Muhl. ex Willd., Southern Sedge, Ovel-leaved Sedge
Carex chlorophila Mackenzie = Carex viridula
Michx.
C. chordorrhiza
Ehrh. ex L.f., Creeping Sedge
C. communis
Bailey, Fibrous-rooted Sedge
C. comosa
Boott, Bristly Sedge
C.
complanata Torr. & Hook., Northern Hirsute Sedge
= C. hirsuta Willd., see Gray's Manual
ed 5 p. 588
= C. triceps (of authors)
C. conoidea
Schkuhr ex Willd., Field-sedge
Carex convoluta Mackenzie = Carex rosea Schkuhr
ex Willd.
Carex corrugata Fern. = Carex amphibola Steud.
var. turgida Fern.
C. crawei
Dewey ex Torr., Crawe's Sedge
C.
crinita Lam., Sickle-sedge, Fringed Sedge
= C. crinita var. brevicrinis Fern.
= C. crinita var. minor Boott
= C. crinita var. porteri (Olney)
Fern.
= C. crinita var. simulans Fern.
= C. nigromarginata var. minor (Boott)
Gleason
Carex
crinita var. gynandra (Schwein.) Schwein. & Torr. = Carex gynandra Schwein.
Carex
cristata (of authors) = Carex cristatella Britt. ex Britt. & Brown
C. cristatella Britt. ex
Britt. & Brown, Crested Sedge
=
C. cristata (of authors)
C. cryptolepis Mackenzie,
Small Yellow Sedge
=
C. flava var. fertilis M. Peck
=
C. oederi Michx. according to House, 1924, p. 195
Carex curta Good., according to Gray, 1967,
Manual ed 5 = Carex canescens L.
C. debilis
Michx., Rudge's Sedge, White-edge Sedge
var.
rudgei Bailey
= C. flexuosa Muhl. ex Willd.
C. deweyana
Schwein., Dewey's Sedge
C. diandra Schrank,
Lesser Panicled Sedge
=
C. teretiuscula var. major Koch
C. digitalis
Willd., Slender Wood-sedge
Carex dioica L. of authors in part = Carex gynocrates
Wormsk. ex Drej.
C.
disperma Dewey, Soft-leaved Sedge
= C. tenella Schk.
Carex disticha (of Day, 1882) = Carex sartwellii
Dewey
Carex
durifolia Bailey = Carex backii Boott
C. eburnea
Boott ex Hook., Bristle-leaved Sedge
C.
echinata Murr., Prickly Sedge
= C. angustior Mackenzie ex Rydb.
= C. cephalantha (Bailey) Bickn.
= C. leersii Willd. of Zander &
Pierce (1979)
= C. muricata of American authors, not
L.
= C. muricata L. var. angustata Carey
= C. muricata L. var. cephalantha (Bailey)
Wieg. & Eames
Carex
elachycarpa Fern. = Carex sterilis Willd.
Carex
emmonsii Dewey ex Torr. = Carex albicans var. emmonsii (Dewey ex Torrey)
Rettig.
C. emoryi Dewey ex Torrey,
Emory's Sedge
=
C. stricta var. elongata (Bock) Gleason
C. festucacea Schkuhr ex
Willd., Fescue-sedge
=
C. straminea of some old NY reports, not Schkuhr ex Willd.
=
C. straminea Willd. var. festucacea Boott
Carex filiformis of authors, not L. = Carex
lasiocarpa ssp.
C. flaccosperma
Dewey, Sedge
var. glaucodea (Tuckerman ex Olney)
Kuk., Blue-green Sedge
= C. glaucodea Tuckerman ex Olney
Carex
flaccidula Steudel, sec. Macdonald 1990 = C. radiata (Wahl.) Small (not Dewey)
C.
flava L., Yellow Sedge
= C. flava var. laxior (Kuk.) Gleason
= C. laxior (Kuk.) Mackenzie
Carex
flava var. fertilis Peck = Carex cryptolepis Mackenzie
Carex
flexuosa Muhl. ex Willd. = Carex debilis Michx. var. rudgei Bailey
Carex
foenea (of authors) = Carex argyrantha Tuckerm.
C. folliculata
L., Long Sedge
C. formosa
Dewey, Handsome Sedge
C.
garberi Fern., Garber's Sedge, Elk-sedge
= C. aurea Nutt. in part.
= C. bicolor (of authors)
= C. garberi ssp. bifaria (Fern.)
Hultén
= C. hassei Bailey
Carex
glaucodea Tuckerman ex Olney = Carex flaccosperma Dewey var. glaucodea
(Tuckerman ex Olney) Kuk.
C. gracilescens
Steud.
C. gracillima
Schwein., Graceful Sedge
C. granularis
Muhl. ex Willd., Meadow-sedge
var. granularis
var. haleana (Olney) Porter
= C. shriveri Britt.
C.
grayi Carey, Gray's Sedge
= C. asa-grayi Bailey
= C. asa-grayi Bailey var. hispidula
(A. Gray) Bailey
= C. grayi var. hispidula A. Gray
Carex
grayi var. hispidula A. Gray = Carex grayi Carey
Carex
grisea Wahl. = Carex amphibola Steud. var. turgida Fern.
Carex
gymnocrates of authors = Carex gynocrates Wormsk. ex Drej.
C.
gynandra Schwein., Nodding Sedge, Mountain Fringed Sedge
= C. crinita var. gynandra (Schwein.)
Schwein. & Torr.
C.
gynocrates Wormsk. ex Drej., Northern Bog-sedge
= C. dioica L. of authors in part
= C. gymnocrates of authors
Carex
hassei Bailey = Carex garberi Fern.
[C.
haydenii Dewey, Hayden's Sedge
Rarity
Status: State; E TNC Rank: G5 S1: according to Young, (1998) this species is of
possible occurrence in Niagara Co. due to unconfirmed report, oral, published
or otherwise.]
Carex hirsuta Willd., see Gray's Manual ed p. 588 =
Carex complanata Torr. & Hook., q.v.
C.
hirsutella Mackenzie, Hairy Green Sedge
(Regl. M. Niag. Oldham 1999)
= Carex complanata Torr. & Hook. var.
hirsuta (Bailey) Gleason
= C. triceps Mackz.
C.
hirtifolia Mackenzie, Pubescent Sedge
= C. pubescens Muhl.
C.
hitchcockiana Dewey, Hitchcock's Sedge
Carex
howei Mackenzie = Carex atlantica Bailey ssp. capillacea (Bailey) Reznicek
[C.
hyalinolepis Steud., Sedge
There are unconfirmed
reports of this species from Cattaraugus Co. (Young 1998).]
C.
hystericina Muhl. ex Willd., Porcupine-sedge
= C. hystricina of authors
Carex
hystricina of authors = Carex hystericina Muhl. ex Willd.
Carex
incomperta Bickn. = Carex atlantica Bailey ssp. atlantica
C.
interior Bailey, Inland Sedge
C.
intumescens Rudge, Bladder-sedge
= C. intumescens var. fernaldii Bailey
Carex
irregularis Schwein. = Carex viridula Michx.
C.
jamesii Schwein., James' Sedge
= C. steudelii Kunth
C.
lacustris Willd., Lake-bank Sedge
= C. riparia (of authors)
= C. riparia var. lacustris (Willd.)
Kuekenth
C.
laevivaginata (Kuekenth) Mackenzie ex Britt. & Brown,
Smooth-sheathed Sedge
C.
lanuginosa Michx., Woolly Sedge
= C. lasiocarpa ssp. lanuginosa
(Michx.) Clausen & Wahl.
= C. lasiocarpa var. latifolia
(Boeck.) Gleason
= C. pellita Muhl.
C.
lasiocarpa Ehrh., Slender Sedge
ssp. americana (Fern.) Hultén
= C. lasiocarpa var. americana Fern.
= C. filiformis auct. not of L.
Carex
lasiocarpa ssp. lanuginosa (Michx.) Clausen & Wahl. = Carex lanuginosa
Michx.
Carex
lasiocarpa var. americana Fern. = Carex lasiocarpa ssp. americana (Fern.)
Hultén
Carex
lasiocarpa var. latifolia (Boeck.) Gleason = Carex lanuginosa Michx.
C. laxiculmis Schwein.,
Spreading Sedge
=
C. retrocurva Dewey in Wood
C. laxiflora Lam.,
Loose-flowered Sedge
var. laxiflora
= C. anceps
Willd.
Carex laxiflora var. blanda (Dewey) Boott =
Carex blanda Dewey
Carex laxiflora var. latifolia Boott = Carex
albursina Sheldon
Carex laxior (Kuk.) Mackenzie = Carex flava L.
Carex leersii Willd. of Zander & Pierce
(1979) = Carex echinata Murr.
C. leptalea Wahl.,
Bristle-stalked Sedge
=
C. polytrichoides Muhl. ex Willd.
C. leptonervia
(Fern.) Fern., Northern Woodland-sedge
C. limosa
L., Mud-sedge
C. lupuliformis
Sartwell ex Dewey, Hop-like Sedge
C. lupulina Muhl. ex
Willd., Hop-sedge
=
C. × macounii Dewey
=
C. lupulina var. pedunculata Gray
Carex lupulina var. pedunculata Gray = Carex
lupulina Muhl. ex Willd.
C. lurida Wahl., Sallow Sedge
=
C. lurida var. exundans Bailey ex Britt. & Brown
=
C. lurida var. pedunculata Gray
=
C. tentaculata Muhl. ex Willd.
Carex × macounii Dewey = Carex lupulina Muhl. ex
Willd.
C. meadii Dewey, Mead's Sedge
C. merritt-fernaldii Mackz., Fernald's Sedge
=
C. brevior (Dewey) Mackz. in part.
C.
michauxiana Boeckl., Michaux's Sedge
= C. abacta Bailey
Carex
miliacea Muhl. ex Willd. = Carex prasina Wahl.
Carex
mirabilis Dewey = Carex normalis Mackenzie
C. molesta
Mackenzie, Troublesome Sedge
C. muhlenbergii Schkuhr ex Willd., Muhlenberg's Sedge
var. muhlenbergii
Carex
muricata of some authors, not L. see Carex spicata Huds.
Carex
muricata L. (of Zenkert, 1934) = Carex echinata Murr.
Carex
muricata var. angustata Carey = Carex echinata Murr.
Carex
muricata L. var. cephalantha (Bailey) Wieg. & Eames = Carex echinata Murr.
Carex
muricata var. sterilis (Willd.) Gleason, not Carey = Carex sterilis Willd.
Carex
nigromarginata var. muhlenbergii (A. Gray) Gleason = Carex albicans Willd. ex
Spreng. var. albicans
Carex
nigromarginata var. minor (Boott) Gleason = Carex crinita Lam. var. crinita
C. normalis Mackenzie,
Larger Straw-sedge
=
C. mirabilis Dewey
C. novae-angliae
Schwein., New England Sedge
Carex oederi Michx. according to House, 1924, p.
195 = Carex cryptolepis Mackenzie
Carex oederi var. pumila (Cos. & Germ.)
Fern. = Carex viridula Michx.
C. oligocarpa
Schkuhr ex Willd., Few-fruited Sedge
C. oligosperma
Michx., Few-seeded Sedge
C. pallescens L., Pale Sedge
=
C. pallescens var. neogea Fern.
Carex pallescens var. neogea Fern. = Carex
pallescens L.
C. pauciflora
Lightf., Few-flowered Sedge
C. paupercula
Michx., Bog-sedge
var. irrigua (Wahl.) Fern.
= C. magellanica ssp. irrigua (Wahl.)
Hultén
In
Zenkert (1934) , C. paupercula is a synonym of C. magellanica of Macoun's Cat. of Can. Pl. (p. 110).
var. pallens Fern.
C. pedunculata
Muhl. ex Willd., Long-stalked Sedge
Carex pellita Muhl. =
Carex lanuginose Michx.
C. pensylvanica
Lam., Pennsylvania-sedge
C. plantaginea
Lam., Plantain-leaved Sedge
C. platyphylla
Carey, Broad-leaved Sedge
Carex polygama Schk. = Carex buxbaumii Wahl.
Carex polytrichoides Muhl. ex Willd. = Carex
leptalea Wahl.
C. prairea
Dewey ex Wood, Prairie-sedge
C. prasina Wahl.,
Drooping Sedge
=
C. miliacea Muhl. ex Willd.
C. projecta
Mackenzie, Necklace Sedge
C. pseudocyperus
L., Cyperus-like Sedge
Carex pubescens Muhl. = Carex hirtifolia
Mackenzie
C. radiata (Wahl.) Small
(not Dewey), Sedge
=
C. flaccidula Steudel, sec. Macdonald 1990
=
C. rosea of some authors, not Willd.
=
C. rosea auct. Ontario reports in large part (Morton & Venn 1990)
Carex retrocurva Dewey in Wood = Carex
laxiculmis Schwein.
C. retroflexa
Muhl. ex Willd., Reflexed Sedge
C. retrorsa
Schwein., Retrorse Sedge
Carex riparia (of authors) = Carex lacustris
Willd.
Carex riparia var. lacustris (Willd.) Kuekenth =
Carex lacustris Willd.
C. rosea Schkuhr ex Willd.,
Rose-sedge
=
C. convoluta Mackenzie, “see note under C. radiata”
C. rostrata
Stokes ex With., Beaked Sedge
var. utriculata (Boott) Bailey
= Carex utriculata Boott in Hook.
Carex rugosperma Mackenzie = Carex tonsa (Fern.)
Bickn. var. rugosperma (Mackenzie) Crins
C. sartwellii Dewey, Sartwell's
Sedge
= C. disticha (of Day, 1882)
C. scabrata
Schwein., Rough Sedge
C. schweinitzii
Dewey ex Schwein., Schweinitz's Sedge
C. scoparia Schkuhr ex Willd., Pointed Broom Sedge
var. scoparia
C. seorsa Howe ex Gord. &
Howe, Sedge
=
C. rosaeoides Howe ex Gord. & Howe
Carex setacea Dewey = Carex vulpinoidea Michx.
Carex siccata Dewey (sec. NYFA July 2005) =
Carex argyrantha Tuckerm.
Carex shriveri Britt. = Carex granularis Muhl.
ex Willd. var. haleana (Olney) Porter
C. sparganioides
Muhl. ex Willd., Bur-reed Sedge
Carex sparganioides var. cephaloidea (Dewey)
Carey = Carex cephaloidea (Dewey) Dewey
*C.
spicata Huds., Spiked Sedge
= C. muricata of some authors, not L.
C. sprengelii
Dewey ex Sprengel
C. squarrosa
L., Squarrose Sedge
Carex stellulata Good. = Carex sterilis Willd.
Carex stellulata var. cephalantha “of Gray's
Man., ed 7” cited by Zenkert (1934) = Carex echinata Murr.
C.
sterilis Willd., Barren Prickly Sedge
= C. elachycarpa Fern.
= C. stellulata Good.
= C. muricata var. sterilis (Willd.)
Gleason, not Carey
Carex
steudelii Kunth = Carex jamesii Schw.
C. stipata
Muhl. ex Willd., Awl-fruited Sedge
[C. straminea Willd. ex Schkuhr, Straw Sedge.
The report of this species by Zenkert and Zander (1975) is based on a published
report for Chautauqua Co. by Burgess (1877): Burgess' specimen cannot be
located. Specimens of this species, which is rare in New York State,
concentrate in the New York City area (House 1924, NYFA 1990). Morton and Venn
(1990) state that there are no confirmed reports of this species for Ontario.]
Carex straminea of some old NY reports, not
Schkuhr ex Willd. = Carex festucacea Schkuhr ex Willd.
Carex straminea Willd. var. festucacea Boott =
Carex festucacea Schkuhr ex Willd.
C.
stricta Lam., Tussock-sedge
= C. angustata Boott, according to
Gray's Manual, ed 5, 1867
= C. stricta var. strictior (Dewey)
Carey
= C. strictior Dewey ex Wood
= C. strictior Dewey ex Wood var.
angustata (Boott) Bailey
Carex
stricta var. elongata (Bock) Gleason = Carex emoryi Dewey ex Torrey
Carex
substricta (Kuekenth) Mackenzie ex Rydb. = Carex aquatilis Wahl.
C. swanii
(Fern.) Mackenzie, Swan's Sedge
Carex tenella Schk. = Carex disperma Dewey
C. tenera Dewey, Slender
Straw-sedge
=
C. tenera var. echioides (Fern.) Wieg.
Carex tentaculata Muhl. ex Willd. = Carex lurida
Wahl.
C. tenuiflora
Wahl., Sparse-flowered Sedge
Carex teretiuscula var. major Koch = Carex
diandra Schrank
C. tetanica
Schkuhr ex Willd., Rigid Sedge
Carex tetanica var. woodii (Dewey) Wood = Carex
woodii Dewey
C. tonsa (Fern.) Bickn. var.
rugosperma (Mackenzie) Crins, Umbelliform Sedge
=
C. rugosa Mackenzie
=
C. umbellata Schkuhr ex Willd. in part.
C. torta
Boott ex Tuckerm., Twisted Sedge
C. tribuloides
Wahl., Blunt Broom-sedge
Carex triceps (of authors) = Carex hirsutella
Mackz.
C. trichocarpa Schkuhr ex
Willd. (not Muhl.), Hairy-fruited Sedge
=
C. trichocarpa var. turbinata Dewey
C. trisperma
Dewey, Three-seeded Sedge
var. billingsii Knight, Billing's
Sedge
var. trisperma
C.
tuckermanii Dewey, Tuckerman Sedge
= C. tuckermanii var. niagarensis C.P.
Smith
Carex
umbellata Schkuhr ex Willd. in part = Carex tonsa (Fern.) Bickn. var.
rugosperma (Mackenzie) Crins
Carex
utriculata Boott in Hook. = Carex rostrata Stokes ex With. var. utriculata
(Boott) Bailey
C.
vaginata Tausch, Sheathed Sedge
Carex
varia of old NY reports, not Muhl. ex Willd. = Carex albicans Willd. ex Spreng.
var. albicans
C.
vesicaria L., Bladdery Sedge
C.
virescens Muhl. ex Willd., Ribbed Sedge
C.
viridula Michx., Little Green Sedge
= C. chlorophila Mackenzie
= C. irregularis Schwein.
= C. oederi var. pumila (Cos. &
Germ.) Fern.
C.
vulpinoidea Michx., Foxtail Sedge, Fox-sedge
= C. setacea Dewey
C.
willdenovii Schkuhr ex Willd., Willdenow's Sedge
C.
woodii Dewey, Wood's Sedge
= C. tetanica var. woodii (Dewey) Wood
CARPINUS
L. (Betulaceae)
Carpinus
americana Michx. = Carpinus caroliniana Walt.
C. caroliniana
Walt., American Hornbeam, Blue Beech, Ironwood, Musclewood
ssp. virginiana (Marsh.) Furlow
= C. americana Michx.
= C. betulus virginiana Marsh.
= C. caroliniana var. virginiana (Marsh.)
Fern.
Carpinus
virginiana Mill. = Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) K. Koch
CARUM
L. (Apiaceae)
*C. carvi L., Caraway, Anise
CARYA
Nutt. (Juglandaceae)
Carya
alba (L.) K. Koch = Carya tomentosa (Lam. ex Poir.) Nutt.
Carya alba Nutt. = Carya
ovata (Mill.) K. Koch
Carya
amara (Michx. f.) Nutt. = Carya cordiformis (Wang.) K. Koch
C. cordiformis (Wang.) K.
Koch, Bitternut Hickory, Swamp-hickory
=
C. amara (Michx. f.) Nutt.
=
Hicoria cordiformis (Wang.) Britt. ex Britt. & Schafer
=
C. × laneyi of NY report, not Sarg.
C.
glabra (Mill.) Sweet, Pignut Hickory
= C. glabra var. megacarpa (Sarg.)
Sarg.
= C. porcina (Michx. f.) Nutt.
= Hicoria glabra (Mill.) Britt.
C. laciniosa (Michx.f.) G.
Don, Big Shell-bark, Kingnut
=
C. sulcata Nutt. (sec. House 1924)
Carya × laneyi of NY report, not Sarg. = Carya
cordiformis (Wang.) Koch
Carya microcarpa Nutt. = Carya ovalis (Wang.)
Sarg. according to Fernald: Gray's Manual
1950 p. 530
C. ovalis (Wang.) Sarg., Small-fruited
Hickory
=
Carya microcarpa Nutt. according to Fernald: Gray's Manual 1950 p. 530
=
Hicoria ovalis (Wang.) Ashe
C. ovata
(Mill.) K. Koch, Shag-bark Hickory
= Carya alba Nutt. (sec. House 1924)
= Hicoria alba of some American
authors, not (L.) Nutt. ex Ell.
= H. ovata (Mill.) Britt.
= H. ovata (Mill.) Britt. var.
fraxinifolia (Sarg.) Ashe
= H. ovata (Mill.) Britt. var.
nuttallii (Sarg.) Ashe
Carya
porcina (Michx. f.) Nutt. = Carya glabra (Mill.) Sweet
Carya
sulcata Nutt. = Carya laciniosa (Michx.f.) G. Don
C. tomentosa (Poir. ex
Lam.) Nutt., Mockernut Hickory, White-Heart Hickory
=
C. alba (L.) Nutt. ex Ell. in part
=
Hicoria tomentosa (Poir. ex Lam.) Raf.
Cassandra calyculata (L.) D. Don = Chamaedaphne
calyculata (L.) Moench
Cassia chamaecrista L. = Chamaecrista
fasciculata (Michx.) Greene
Cassia diffusa of NY reports, not DC. =
Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx.) Greene
Cassia fasciculata Michx. = Chamaecrista
fasciculata (Michx.) Greene
Cassia hebecarpa Fern. = Senna hebecarpa (Fern.)
Irwin & Barneby
Cassia marylandica of NY reports, not L. = Senna
hebecarpa (Fern.) Irwin & Barneby
Castalia odorata (Dryand ex Ait.) Woodr. &
Wood. = Nymphaea odorata Dryand. ex Ait. ssp. odorata
Castalia lekophylla Small = Nymphaea odorata
Dryand. ex Ait. ssp. odorata
Castalia tuberosa (Paine) Greene = Nymphaea
odorata Dryand. ex Ait. ssp. tuberosa (Paine) Wiersma & Hellquist
CASTANEA Hill (Fagaceae)
Castanea americana Raf. = Castanea dentata
(Marsh.) Borkh.
C.
dentata (Marsh.) Borkh., American Chestnut
=
C. americana Raf.
=
C. vesca var. americana Michx.
Castanea vesca var. americana Michx. = Castanea
dendata (Marsh.) Borkh.
CASTILLEJA Mutis ex L.f.
(Scrophulariaceae)
C. coccinea
(L.) Spreng., Painted Cup, Indian-paintbrush, Scarlet Paintbrush
CATALPA Scop. (Bignoniaceae)
C. speciosa
(Warder ex Barney) Engelm.: Catalpa, Indian-bean, Catawba, Cigar-tree
CAULOPHYLLUM Michx.
(Berberidaceae)
C. thalictroides (L.) Michx., Blue
Cohosh, Papoose-root
CEANOTHUS L. (Rhamnaceae)
C. americanus
L., New Jersey Tea, Redroot
CELASTRUS L. (Celastraceae)
C. orbiculata Thunb.,
Oriental Bittersweet
=
C. orbiculatus of authors
C. scandens L., Climbing
Bittersweet, Wax-work, Staffvine, Climbing or False Bittersweet
CELTIS L. (Ulmaceae)
C. occidentalis
L., Hackberry
= C. canina Raf.
= C. crassifolia Lam.
= C. occidentalis var. canina (Raf.)
Sarg.
= C. occidentalis var. pumila (Pursh)
Gray
= C. pumila Pursh
= C. tenuifolia of authors, not Nutt.
CENCHRUS
L. (Poaceae)
C.
longispinus (Hack.) Fern., Sandbur
= C. pauciflorus Benth.
CENTAUREA
L. (Asteraceae)
Centaurea
biebersteinii DC. = Centaurea maculosa Lam.
*C.
cyanus L., Bachelor's Button, Bluebottle, Corn-flower
Bluet
Centaurea
dubia of local authors, not Suter = Centaurea nigrescens Willd.
Centaurea
dubia ssp. vochinensis (Bernh. ex Reichenb.) Hayek = Centaurea nigrescens
Willd.
*C.
jacea L., Brown Knapweed
*C.
maculosa Lam., Spotted Knapweed
= C. biebersteinii DC.
*C.
nigra L., Black Knapweed, Spanish-buttons, Hardheads
= C. nigra var. radiata DC.
= C. jacea var. nigra (L.) Briq.
Centaurea
nigra var. radiata DC. = Centaurea nigra L.
*C.
nigrescens Willd., Knapweed
= C. dubia Suter [Voss 1996, p. 513.]
= C. dubia ssp. vochinensis (Bernh. ex
Reichenb.) Hayek
= C. vochinensis Bernh. ex Reichenb.
*C.
solstitialis L., Barnaby's Thistle, Yellow Star-thistle,
Barnaby's Thistle
Centaurea
vochinensis Bernh. ex Reichenb. = Centaurea nigrescens Willd.
CENTAURIUM
Hill (Gentianaceae)
*C.
erythraea Rafn. (not Raf.), European Centaury
= C. centaurium (L.) Wight
= C. umbellatum Gilib.
= Erythraea centaurium Pers.
CEPHALANTHUS
L. (Rubiaceae)
C. occidentalis L., Buttonbush
CERASTIUM L. (Caryophyllaceae)
Cerastium aquaticum L. = Myosoton aquaticum (L.)
Moench
Cerastium apetalum Dumort. = Cerastium
glomeratum Thuill.
*C.
arvense L., Field-chickweed, Meadow-chickweed
= C. arvense ssp. strictum (L.) Ugbor.
= C. arvense var. oblongifolium
(Torr.) Hollick & Britt.
= C. arvense var. villosum (Muhl.)
Hollick & Britt.
= C. campestre Greene
= C. oblongifolium Torr.
= C. occidentale Greene
= C. pennsylvanicum Hornem. ex DC.
= C. pubescens Goldie
= C. tenuifolium Pursh
= C. velutinum Raf.
= C. villosum Muhl. ex Darl.
Cerastium
campestre Greene = Cerastium arvense L.
Cerastium
caespitosum Gilib. = Cerastium fontanum Baumg. emend. Jalas
*C.
fontanum Baumg. emend. Jalas, Common Mouse-ear Chickweed
= C. caespitosum Gilib.
= C. fontanum ssp. triviale of NY
authors, not (Link) Jalas
= C. holostoides Fries
= C. glomeratum of some NY reports not
Thuill.
= C. vulgatum of NY authors, not L.
*C.
glomeratum Thuill., Mouse-ear Chickweed
= C. apetalum Dumort.
= C. glomeratum var. apetalum
(Dumort.) Fenzl.
= C. viscosum of authors, not L.
Cerastium
glomeratum of some NY reports not Thuill. = Cerastium fontanum Baumg. emend.
Jalas
Cerastium
glutinosum Nutt. = Cerastium nutans Raf.
Cerastium
holostoides Fries = Cerastium fontanum Baumg. emend. Jalas
Cerastium
longipedunculatum Muhl., a nomen nudum = Cerastium nutans Raf.
C. nutans Raf., Nodding
Chickweed
=
C. glutinosum Nutt.
=
C. longipedunculatum Muhl., a nomen nudum
=
C. tenellum Fenzl
Cerastium oblongifolium Torr. = Cerastium
arvense L.
Cerastium occidentale Greene = Cerastium arvense
L.
Cerastium pennsylvanicum Hornem. ex DC. =
Cerastium arvense L.
Cerastium pubescens Goldie = Cerastium arvense
L.
*C.
semidecandrum L., Small Mouse-ear Chickweed, Spring Mouse-ear
= C. vulgatum var. semidecandrum (L.)
Gray
Cerastium
tenellum Fenzl = Cerastium nutans Raf.
Cerastium
tenuifolium Pursh = Cerastium arvense L.
Cerastium
velutinum Raf. = Cerastium arvense L.
Cerastium
villosum Muhl. ex Darl. = Cerastium arvense L.
Cerastium
viscosum of authors, not L. = Cerastium glomeratum Thuill.
Cerastium
vulgatum of NY authors, not L. = Cerastium fontanum Baumg. emend. Jalas
Cerastium
vulgatum var. semidecandrum (L.) Gray = Cerastium semidecandrum L.
Cerasus
pennsylvanica (L.f.) Loisel. = Prunus pensylvanica L.f.
Cerasus
vulgaris Mill. = Prunus cerasus L.
CERATOPHYLLUM
L. (Ceratophyllaceae)
C. demersum
L., Hornwort, Coontail
C. echinatum Gray, Spiny
Hornwort, Coontail, Hornwort
=
C. muricatum of some authors, not Cham.
Ceratophyllum muricatum of some authors, not
Cham. = Ceratophyllum echinatum Gray
Cercis canadensis L., Redbud (excluded by Zander
& Pierce 1979).
CHAENOMELES Lindl.
(Rosaceae)
Chaenomeles lagenaria (Loisel.) Koidzumi =
Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai
*C.
speciosa (Sweet) Nakai, Japanese Quince
= Cydonia japonica of some authors,
not (Thunb.) Pers.
= Cydonia lagenaria (Loisel.) Koidzumi
= Chaenomeles lagenaria (Loisel.)
Koidzumi
CHAENORRHINUM
(DC.) Reichenb. (Scrophulariaceae)
*C.
minus (L.) Lange, Dwarf Snapdragon
= Linaria minor (L.) Desf.
CHAEROPHYLLUM
L. (Apiaceae)
C. procumbens
(L.) Crantz., Spreading Chervil
Chaerophyllum sylvestre L. = Anthriscus
sylvestris (L.) Hoffm.
CHAMAECRISTA (L.) Moench
(Fabaceae)
C.
fasciculata (Michx.) Greene, Partridge-pea, Locust-weed
= Cassia chamaecrista L.
= C. fasciculata Michx.
= C. diffusa of NY reports, not DC.
= Chamaecrista fascicularis Greene
CHAMAEDAPHNE
Moench (Ericaceae)
C. calyculata
(L.) Moench, Leather-leaf, Cassandra
= Andromeda calyculata L.
= Cassandra calyculata (L.) D. Don
= Chamaedaphne calyculata var.
angustifolia (Ait.) Rehd.
CHAMAELIRIUM
Willd. (Liliaceae)
C. luteum
(L.) Gray, Blazing-star, Fairy-wand, Devil's-bit
CHAMAESYCE S. Gray
(Euphorbiaceae)
Chamaesyce humistrata of NY reports, not
(Engelm.) Small = Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Small
C.
maculata (L.) Small, Spotted Spurge
=
C. humistrata of NY reports, not (Engelm.) Small
=
Euphorbia maculata L.
=
E. humistrata of NY reports, not Engelm.
=
E. supina Raf.
C. nutans (Lag.) Small, Upright
Spotted Spurge, Eyebane
=
Euphorbia maculata of authors in part not (L.) Small
=
E. nutans Lag.
=
E. preslii Guss.
= E. hypericifolia of authors and
Ontario reports
C. polygonifolia
(L.) Small, Seaside Spurge
=
Euphorbia polygonifolia L.
C.
vermiculata (Raf.) House, Hairy Spurge, Worm-seeded Spurge
= Euphorbia hirsuta (Torr.) Weig.
= E. vermiculata Raf.
Chamemelum
arvense (L.) Schreb. = Anthemis arvensis L.
Chamerion
angustifolium (L.) Scop. ssp.circumvagum (Mosquin) Moldenke = Epilobium
angustifolium L.
Chamomilla
maritima of NY reports, not (L.) Rydb. = Matricaria perforata Merat
Chamomila
inodora (L.) Rydb. = Matricaria perforata Merat
Chamomila
suaveolens (Pursh) Rydb. = Matricaria discoidea DC.
Cheirinia
cheiranthoides (L.) Link = Erysimum cheiranthoides L.
CHELIDONIUM
L. (Papaveraceae)
*C. majus
L., Celandine, Greater Celandine
CHELONE
L. (Scrophulariaceae)
C. glabra
L., Turtlehead
= C. glabra var. dilatata Fern. &
Wieg.
= C. glabra var. elatior Raf.
CHENOPODIUM
L. (Chenopodiaceae)
*C. album
L., Lamb's Quarters, Goose-foot, Pigweed
*var.
album
= C. album var. lanceolatum (Muhl.)
Coss. & Germ.
= C. lanceolatum Muhl.
= C. viride L. in part
var. missouriense (Aellen) Bassett
& Crompton, Missouri Goose-foot
= C. missouriense Aellen
= C. paganum of authors, not Reich.
*C. ambrosioides
L., Mexican Tea, Wormseed
= C. ambrosioides var. anthelminticum
(L.) Gray
= C. ambrosioides var. chilense
(Schrad.) Speg.
= C. anthelminicum L.
Chenopodium
anthelminicum L. = Chenopodium ambrosioides L.
*C. bonus-henricus
L., Good-King-Henry
= Blitum bonus-henricus Reichenb.
*C. botrys
L., Jerusalem Oak, Feather-geranium
C. capitatum
(L.) Aschers., Strawberry Blite, Indian Paint
= Blitum capitatum L.
Chenopodium
chenopodioides (L.) Aellen = Chenopodium rubrum L.
Chenopodium
dessicatum of authors, not A. Nels. = Chenopodium pratericola Rydb.
Chenopodium
dessicatum var. leptophylloides (Murr) Wahl. = Chenopodium pratericola Rydb.
Chenopodium
foggii Wahl. = Chenopodium pratericola Rydb.
Chenopodium
gigantospermum Aellen = Chenopodium simplex (Torr.) Raf.
*C. glaucum
L., Oak-leaved Goosefoot
= C. glaucum ssp. salinum (Standl.)
Aellen
= C. salinum Standl.
Chenopodium humile Hook. = Chenopodium rubrum L.
Chenopodium hybridum of some authors, not L. =
Chenopodium simplex (Torr.) Raf.
Chenopodium hybridum var. gigantospermum
(Aellen) Rouleau = Chenopodium simplex (Torr.) Raf.
Chenopodium hybridum var. simplex Torr. =
Chenopodium simplex (Torr.) Raf.
Chenopodium leptophyllum Nutt. ex Moq. in DC.,
not Wats. = Chenopodium pratericola Rydb.
*C. murale
L., Sowbane, Nettle-leaf Goosefoot
*C. polyspermum
L., Many-seeded Goosefoot
*C. pratericola
Rydb., Narrow-leaved Goosefoot
=
C. dessicatum of authors, not A. Nels.
=
C. dessicatum var. leptophylloides (Murr) Wahl.
=
C. foggii Wahl.
=
C. leptophyllum Nutt. ex Moq. in DC.
=
C. pratericola var. leptophylloides (Murr) Aellen & Just
*C. rubrum L., Red
Pigweed, Red Goosefoot, Coat-blite
=
Blitum maritimum Nutt.
=
Chenopodium chenopodioides (L.) Aellen
=
C. humile Hook.
=
C. rubrum var. humile (Hook.) S. Wats.
Chenopodium salinum Standl. = Chenopodium
glaucum L.
C. simplex (Torr.) Raf.,
Maple-leaved Goosefoot
= C. gigantospermum Aellen
=
C. hybridum of some authors, not L.
=
C. hybridum var. gigantospermum (Aellen) Rouleau
=
C. hybridum var. simplex Torr.
C. strictum
Roth
var. glaucophyllum (Aellen) Wahl,
Goosefoot
*C. urbicum
L., City-goosefoot
CHIMAPHILA Pursh
(Ericaceae)
C. maculata
(L.) Pursh, Spotted Wintergreen
C. umbellata (L.)
Bart., Wintergreen, Prince's Pine,
Pipsissewa
ssp.
cisatlantica (Blake) Hultén
=
C. umbellata var. cisatlantica Blake
Chiogenes hispidula (L.) Torr. & A. Gray =
Gaultheria hispidula (L.) Muhl. ex Bigel.
Chrysanthemum balsamita (L.) Baill. = Balsamita
major Desf.
Chrysanthemum balsamita var. tanacetoides Boiss
= Balsamita major Desf.
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. = Leucanthemum vulgare
Lam.
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum var. pinnatifidum
Lecoq.& Lamotte = Leucanthemum vulgare Lam.
Chrysanthemum parthenium (L.) Bernh. = Tanacetum
vulgare L.
CHIONANTHUS (Oleaceae)
*C. virginicus L. Old-man's Beard, Fringe
tree
CHRYSOSPLENIUM L. (Saxifragaceae)
C. americanum
Schwein. ex Hook., Golden Saxifrage, Water-mat, Water-carpet
= C. oppositifolium Walt.
Chrysosplenium oppositifolium Walt. =
Chrysosplenium americanum Schwein. ex Hook.
CICHORIUM L. (Asteraceae)
*C.
intybus L., Chicory, Blue Sailors, Tattered Sailors,
Cornflower, Succory, Witloof
CICUTA L. (Apiaceae)
C. bulbifera L., Bulb-bearing
Water-hemlock
C. maculata L., Water-hemlock,
Spotted Cowbane, Musquash-root, Beaver-poison, Poison Hemlock
CIMICIFUGA L.
(Ranunculaceae)
C.
racemosa (L.) Nutt., Black Snakeroot, Black Cohosh
=
C. americana of NY report, not Michx.
CINNA L. (Poaceae)
C. arundinacea
L., Woodreed, Stout Woodreed, Wood Reedgrass
C. latifolia
(Trev. ex Goepp.) Griseb., Drooping Woodreed
CIRCAEA L. (Onagraceae)
C. alpina
L., Smaller Enchanter's-Nightshade
Circaea alpina × lutetiana = C. intermedia Ehrh.,
Enchanter's Nightshade
=
C. canadensis Hill, not L.
=
C. intermedia of Gray's Manual, ed. 7, according to Zenkert, 1934.
Circaea canadensis Hill, not L. = Circaea alpina
× lutetiana = C. intermedia Ehrh.
Circaea canadensis L. = Circaea lutetiana L.
ssp. canadensis (L.) Aschers. & Magnus
Circaea latifolia Hill = Circaea lutetiana L.
ssp. canadensis (L.) Aschers. & Magnus
C. lutetiana
L., Canadian Enchanter's-nightshade
ssp. canadensis (L.) Aschers. &
Magnus
= C. canadensis L.
= C. quadrisulcata (Maxim.) Franch.
& Sav.
= C. quadrisulcata var. canadensis
(L.) Hara
= C. latifolia of authors, not Hill
Circaea
quadrisulcata (Maxim.) Franch. & Sav. = Circaea lutetiana L. ssp.
canadensis (L.) Aschers. & Magnus
Circaea
quadrisulcata var. canadensis (L.) Hara = Circaea lutetiana L. ssp. canadensis
(L.) Aschers. & Magnus
CIRSIUM
Mill. (Asteraceae)
C. altissimum
(L.) Spreng., Tall Thistle
*C.
arvense (L.) Scop., Canada Thistle
= C. arvense var. integrifolium Wimm.
& Graebn.
= C. arvense var. vestitum Wimm. &
Graebn.
C. discolor
(Muhl. ex Willd.) Spreng., Field-thistle
Cirsium lanceolatum of NY reports, not (L.) Hill
= Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Tenore
C. muticum Michx.,
Swamp-thistle
=
C. muticum var. subpinnatifidum (Britt.) Fern.
Cirsium odoratum (Muhl. ex Bart.) Petrak, not
Britt. ex Britt. & Brown = Cirsium pumilum (Nutt.) Spreng.
C. pumilum (Nutt.)
Spreng., Pasture-thistle, Small Bull-Thistle
=
C. odoratum (Muhl. ex Bart.) Petrak, not Britt. ex Britt. & Brown
*C.
vulgare (Savi) Tenore, Bull-thistle
= C. lanceolatum of NY reports, not
(L.) Hill Cistus canadensis L.
= Helianthemum canadensis (L.) Michx.
CITRULLUS
Schrad. ex Eckl. & Zeyh.
C.
colocynthis (L.) Shrad. ex Eckl. & Zeyh. Watermelon
= Anguria citrullus (L.) Mill
= C. vulgaris Schrad.
CLADIUM
R. Br. (Cyperaceae)
C. mariscoides (Muhl.) Torr.,
Twig-rush, Bog-rush
=
Mariscus mariscoides (Muhl.) Kuntze
CLAYTONIA L. (Portulacaceae)
C. caroliniana
Michx., Broad-leaved Spring Beauty
= C. latifolia Sheldon
Claytonia
latifolia Sheldon = Claytonia caroliniana Michx.
Claytonia
multicaulis var. robusta Somes = Claytonia virginica L.
Claytonia
robusta Rydb. = Claytonia virginica L.
Claytonia
simsii Sweet = Claytonia virginica L.
C. virginica
L., Narrow-leaved Spring Beauty, Mayflower
= C. media (DC.) Link
= C. multicaulis var. robusta Somes
= C. robusta Rydb.
= C. simsii Sweet
= C. virginica var. acutiflora DC.
= C. virginica var. simsii (Sweet) R.
Davis
CLEMATIS
L. (Ranunculaceae)
Clematis
canadensis Mill. = Clematis virginiana L.
Clematis
dioscoreifolia Levl. & Van. = Clematis terniflora DC.
Clematis
fragrans Salisb. = Clematis virginiana L.
Clematis
maximowicziana Franch. & Sav. = Clematis terniflora DC.
C.
occidentalis (Hornem.) DC., Purple Clematis, Purple Virgin's
Bower, Mountain-clematis
= Atragene americana Sims.
= Clematis verticillaris DC.
Clematis
paniculata Thunb. = Clematis terniflora DC.
*C.
terniflora DC., Yam-leaf Clematis, Yam-leaf Virgin's-bower
= C. dioscoreifolia Levl. & Van.
= C. maximowicziana Franch. & Sav.
= C. paniculata Thunb.
Clematis
verticillaris DC. = Clematis occidentalis (Hornem.) DC.
C.
virginiana L., Virgin's Bower, Traveller's Joy
= C. canadensis Mill.
= C. fragrans Salisb.
Clepeola
maritima L. = Lobularia maritima
CLINOPODIUM
L. (Lamiaceae)
Clinopodium
acinos (L.) Kuntze = Acinos arvensis (Lam.) Dandy
Clinopodium
arkansanum (Nutt.) House = Calamintha arkansana (Nutt.) Shinners
*C. vulgare
L. Wild Basil, , Field-basil, Basil-weed, Dog-mint
= Satureja vulgaris (L.) Fritsch
= S. vulgaris var. neogaea Fern.
= Calamintha clinopodium Benth.
CLINTONIA
Raf. (Liliaceae)
C. borealis (Ait.) Raf. Yellow
Clintonia, Woodlily, Bluebeads, Cornlily
Clintonia multiflora
Beck according to Gray's Manual ed 1867 p. 529 = Clintonia umbellulata (Michx.)
Morong
C. umbellulata
(Michx.) Morong, White Clintonia, Speckled or White Woodlily
= C. multiflora Beck according to
Gray's Manual ed 1867 p. 529
= C. umbellata Torr. of Gray's Manual
ed 1867 p. 529
= Convallaria umbellulata Michx.
according to Gray's Manual ed 1867 p. 529
Clypeola allyssoides L. = Alyssum alyssoides
(L.) L.
[Cnicus benedictus L., Blessed Thistle.
Specimens examined from western New York State were short-stemmed (from mowing)
Sonchus arvensis L. The involucre of
Cnicus benedictus is relatively high (3-4 cm) and nearly hidden within ovate
leaves immediately below it; the involucre has several series of broad, firm,
spine-tipped bracts. The lower leaves have petioles.]
COELOGLOSSUM Hartm.
(Orchidaceae)
Coeloglossum bracteatum (Muhl. ex Willd.) Hartm.
= Coeloglossum viride (L.) Hartm.
C. viride (L.) Hartm.,
Long-bracted Orchid
=
C. bracteatum (Muhl. ex Willd.) Hartm.
=
C. viride var. virescens (Muhl. ex Willd.) Luer
=
Habenaria bracteata (Willd.) R. Br.
=
H. viridis (L.) R. Br. ex Ait.
=
H. viridis var. bracteata (Muhl. ex Willd.) A. Gray
=
Platanthera bracteata of George
Clinton's collecting journal
COLEOGETON (Reichenb.) D.
Les & R. Haynes (Potamogetonaceae)
C.
filiformis (Pers.) D. Les & R. Haynes, Filiform
Pondweed
ssp. alpinus (Blytt) D. Les &
R. Haynes
= Potamogeton filiformis var. alpinus
(Blytt) Aschers.
= P. filiformis var. borealis (Raf.)
St. John
= P. filiformis var. macounii Morong
= Stuckenia filiformis (Pers.) Börner
ssp. alpinus (Blytt) Haynes, Les & Kral
ssp. occidentalis (Robbins) D. Les
& R. Haynes
= Potamogeton filiformis var.
occidentalis (Robbins.) Morong
= P. interior Rydb.
= P. vaginatus of NY reports, not
Turcz.
=
Stuckenia filiformis (Pers.) Börner ssp. occidentalis (Robbins) Kaynes, Les
& Kral
C. pectinatum (L.) D. Les
& R. Haynes Fennel-leaved Pondweed, Sago Pondweed
=
Potamogeton pectinatus L.
=
Stuckenia pectinata (L.) Börner
COLLINSIA Nutt.
(Scrophulariaceae)
C. verna
Nutt., Blue-eyed Mary, Innocence
COLLINSONIA L. (Lamiaceae)
C. canadensis
L., Horse-balm, Richweed, Stoneroot
COLLOMIA Nutt. (Polemoniaceae)
*C.
linearis Nutt., Narrow-leaved Collomia
= Gilia linearis (Nutt.) A. Gray
COMANDRA
Nutt. (Santalaceae)
Comandra
livida Richards (excluded by Zander & Pierce 1979).
Comandra
richardsiana Fern. = Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt.
C.
umbellata (L.) Nutt., Bastard Toad Flax
=
C. richardsiana Fern.
=
C. umbellata var. decumbens E. Hill
=
Thesium umbellatum L.
Comarum
palustre L. = Potentilla palustris (L.) Scop.
Comarum
palustre var. villosum Pers. = Potentilla palustris (L.) Scop.
COMMELINA
L. (Commelinaceae)
*C.
communis
L., Asiatic Day-flower,
Wandering Jew
var.
communis
*var. ludens (Miq.) Pennell
COMPTONIA L'Hér. (Myricaceae)
C. peregrina
(L.) Coult., Sweet-fern
= Comptonia asplenifolia (L.) L'Hér.
= C. peregrina var. aspleniifolia (L.)
Fern.
= Liquidambar peregrina L.
= Myrica aspleniifolia L.
= M. peregrina (L.) Kuntze
CONIOSELINUM
Hoffm. (Apiaceae)
Conioselenum
pumilum Rose = Conioselenum chinense (L.) BSP.
Conioselinum
canadense Torr. & A. Gray = Conioselinum chinense (L.) BSP
C.
chinense (L.) BSP, Hemlock-parsley
= C. canadense Torr. & Gray
= C. pumilum Rose
= Selinum canadense Michx.
CONIUM
L. (Apiaceae)
*C. maculatum
L., Poison Hemlock
CONOPHOLIS
Wallr. (Orobanchaceae)
C. americana
(L.) Wallr., Squaw-root, Cancer-root
= Orobanche americana L.
CONRINGIA
Heist. ex Adans. (Brassicaceae)
*C.
orientalis (L.) Dumort., Hare's-ear Mustard,
Treacle-mustard
CONSOLIDA
(DC.) S. Gray (Ranunculaceae)
*C.
ajacis (L.) Schur, Rocket Larkspur
= C. ambigua (L.) Ball & Heyw.
= Delphinium ajacis L.
= D. ambiguum L.
= D. consolida of Torrey's NY Flora,
not L.
Consolida
ambigua (L.) Ball & Heyw. = Consolida ajacis (L.) Schur
*C.
regalis S. Gray, Forking Larkspur, Royal Larkspur
= Delphinium consolida L.
CONVALLARIA
L. (Liliaceae)
*C. majalis
L., Lily-of-the-Valley
Convallaria
umbellulata Michx. according to Gray's Manual ed 1867 p. 529 = Clintonia umbellulata (Michx.) Morong
CONVOLVULUS
L. (Convolvulaceae)
*C.
arvensis L., Field-bindweed
= Strophocaulos arvensis (L.) Small
Convolvulus
japonicus Thunb. = Calystegia hederacea Wallich
Convolvulus
nashii House = Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. ssp. sepium
Convolvulus
pellitus Ledeb. = Calystegia hederacea Wallich
Convolvulus
sepium L. = Calystegia sepium ssp. sepium (L.) R. Br.
Convolvulus
spithameus L. = Calystegia spithamea (L.) Pursh
Convolvulus
wallichianus Spreng. = Calystegia hederacea Wallich
CONYZA
Less. (Asteraceae)
Conyza
asteroides L. = Aster paternus Cronq.
C.
canadensis
(L.) Cronq., Horseweed, Hogweed,
Butterweed
var. canadensis
= Erigeron canadensis L.
= Leptilon canadense (L.) Britt. ex
Britt. & Brown
COPTIS
Salisb. (Ranunculaceae)
Coptis
groenlandica (Oeder) Fern. = Coptis trifolia (L.) Salisb.
C. trifolia
(L.) Salisb., Goldthread
= Anemone groenlandica Oed.
= Coptis groenlandica (Oeder) Fern.
= C. trifolia ssp. groenlandica (Oeder) Hultén
= C. trifolia var. groenlandica
(Oeder) Fassett
= Heleborus trifolius L.
Coptis
trifolia (L.) Salisb. var. groenlandica (Oeder) Fassett = Coptis trifolia (L.)
Salisb.
CORALLORHIZA
Gagn. (Orchidaceae)
Corallorhiza
corallorhiza (L.) Karst. = Corallorhiza trifida Chat.
Corallorhiza
innata R. Br. in Ait. = Corallorhiza trifida Chat. (not (L.) Chat.)
Corallorhiza
macraei A. Gray = Corallorhiza striata Lindl. (excluded by Zander & Pierce
1979).)
C.
maculata (Raf.) Raf., Spotted Coral-root
= C. multiflora Nutt.
Corallorhiza
multiflora Nutt. = Corllorhiza maculata (Raf.) Raf.
C.
odontorhiza (Willd.) Nutt., Autumn Coral-root
[Corallorhiza
striata Lindl.: excluded for the flora by Zander and Pierce (1979): probable,
documented by a specimen over 20 years old for Orleans Co. (Young 1998).]
C.
trifida Chat., Early Coral-root
= C. corallorhiza (L.) Karst.
= C. trifida var. verna (Nutt.) Fern.
= C. innata R. Br. in Ait.
Corallorrhiza
(orth. var.) = Corallorhiza Chat.
COREOPSIS
L. (Asteraceae)
Coreopsis
alternifolius L. = Verbesina alternifolia (L.) Britt.
Coreopsis
heterogyna Fern. = Coreopsis lanceolata L.
*C.
lanceolata L., Lance-leaved Tickseed
= C. heterogyna Fern.
= C. lanceolata var. villosa Michx.
*C.
tinctoria Nutt., Garden Tickseed
Coreopsis
trichosperm Michx. = Bidens coronata (L.) Britt.
CORIANDRUM
L. (Apiaceae)
*C.
sativum L., Coriander
CORISPERMUM
L. (Chenopodiaceae)
Corispermum
americanum (Nutt.) Nutt. = Corispermum hyssopifolium L.
*C.
hyssopifolium L., Bugseed
= C. americanum (Nutt.) Nutt. var.
americanum
= C. pallasii Steven
= C. villosum Rydberg sec. Macdonald
1990
*C.
nitidum Kitaibel ex Schultes
*C.
orientale Lamarck
Corispermum
pallasii Steven = Corispermum hyssopifolium L. (see Mosyakin 1995).
Corispermum
villosum Rydberg sec. Macdonald 1990 = Corispermum hyssopifolium L.
CORNUS
L. (Cornaceae)
Cornus
alba ssp. stolonifera (Michx.) Wang. = Cornus sericea L.
C. alternifolia
L.f., Alternate-leaved Dogwood, Green Osier, Pagoda Dogwood
= Svida alternifolia (L.f.) Small
C.
amomum Mill., Silky Cornel, Kinnikinnik
ssp. amomum
ssp.
obliqua (Raf.) Wilson Narrow-Leaf Dogwood
= C. amomum var. schuetziana (Meyer)
Rickett
= C. obliqua Raf.
= C. purpusi Koehne
Cornus
asperifolia (of authors) = Cornus drummondii Meyer
Cornus
baileyi Coult. & Evans = Cornus drummondii C.A. Meyer
C. canadensis
L., Bunchberry, Dwarf Cornel, Dwarf Dogwood, Crackerberry, Pudding-berry
= C. canadensis var. alpestris House
Cornus
candidissima Marsh. = Cornus foemina ssp. racemosa (Lam.) J. Wilson.
Cornus
circinata L'Hér. = Cornus rugosa Lam.
C.
drummondii C.A. Meyer, Drummond's Dogwood, Rough-Leaf
Dogwood
= C. asperifolia of NY reports, not
Michx.
= C. baileyi Coult. & Evans
= C. priceae Small
C.
florida L., Flowering Dogwood
C.
foemina Mill., Panicled Dogwood, Stiff Dogwood, Gray
Dogwood
ssp.
racemosa (Lam.) J. Wilson, Gray Dogwood
= C. femina of authors
= C. racemosa Lam.
= C. candidissima Marsh.
= C. paniculata L'Hér.
*ssp.
microcarpa (Nash) J. S. Wilson
= C. microcarpa Nash
Cornus
microcarpa Nash = Cornus foemina ssp. microcarpa (Nash) J. S. Wilson
Cornus
obliqua Raf. = Cornus amomum ssp. obliqua (Raf.) Wilson
Cornus
paniculata L'Hér. = Cornus foemina ssp. racemosa (Lam.) J. Wilson
Cornus priceae Small =
Cornus drummondii Meyer
Cornus
purpusii Koehne = Cornus amomum ssp. obliqua (Raf.) Wilson
Cornus
racemosa Lam. = Cornus foemina ssp. racemosa (Lam.) J. Wilson
C. rugosa Lam., Round-leaved
Dogwood
=
C. circinata L'Hér.
C.
sericea L., Red-osier Dogwood
=
C. alba ssp. stolonifera (Michx.) Wang
=
C. sericea var. interior (Rydb.) St. John
=
C. stolonifera Michx.
=
C. stolonifera var. baileyi (Coult. & Evans) Drescher
Cornus stolonifera Michx. = Cornus sericea L.
Cornus stolonifera var. baileyi (Coult. &
Evans) Drescher = Cornus sericea L.
CORONILLA
L. (Fabaceae)
*C. varia
L., Crown Vetch
CORONOPUS
Zinn (Brassicaceae)
*C.
didymus (L.) Sm., Wart-cress, Wart-grass, Lesser
Swinecress
= Carara didyma(L.) Britt.
CORYDALIS
Vent. (Fumariaceae)
C. flavula (Raf. ex
Desv.) DC., Yellow Corydalis, Yellow Harlequin
=
Capnoides flavula (Raf. ex Desv.) Kuntze
Corydalis glauca Pursh = Corydalis sempervirens
(L.) Pers.
C.
sempervirens (L.) Pers., Pink Corydalis, Rock Harlequin
= Capnoides sempervirens (L.) Borck.
ex Roemer
= Corydalis glauca Pursh
Corylaceae
= Betulaceae
CORYLUS
L. (Betulaceae)
C. americana
Walt., American Hazelnut, American Filbert, Hazel
*C.
avellana L., European Filbert, European Hazel
C.
cornuta Marsh., Beaked Hazelnut
= C. rostrata Ait.
Corylus
rostrata Ait. = Corylus cornuta Marsh.
COSMOS
Cav. (Asteraceae)
*C.
bipinnatus Cav., Cosmos
COTINUS
Mill. (Anacardiaceae)
*C.
coggygria Scop., Smoke-tree
= Rhus cotinus L.
Not recorded for the Ontario flora by Morton
& Venn (1990), it has escaped and flourishes at Artpark, Lewiston, New
York, just across the river from Queenston, Ontario. Recorded for New York
State by Mitchell and Tucker (1997).
CRATAEGUS
L. (Rosaceae)
Crataegus
acclivis Sarg. = Crataegus pedicellata Sarg.
Crataegus
albicans Ashe = Crataegus pedicellata Sarg.
Crataegus
arcana Beadle = Crataegus pruinosa (Wendl. f.) K. Koch
Crataegus
aulica Sarg. = Crataegus coccinioides Ashe
Crataegus
basilica Beadle = Crataegus schuettii Ashe
Crataegus
baxteri Sarg. = Crataegus intricata Lange
C. beata Sarg., Opulent
Hawthorn
=
C. macrocalyx Sarg.
Crataegus beata var. compta (Sarg.) Eggl. =
Crataegus compta Sarg.
Crataegus boyntonii Beadle = Crataegus intricata
Lange
Crataegus brachyloba Sarg. = Crataegus
brainerdii Sarg.
C. brainerdii Sarg.,
Brainerd's Thorn
=
C. brachyloba Sarg.
Crataegus brainerdii var. asperifolia (Sarg.)
Eggl. = Crataegus scabrida Rehd.
Crataegus brainerdii var. egglestonii (Sarg.)
Robins. = Crataegus scabrida Rehd.
Crataegus brainerdii var. scabrida (Sarg.) Eggl.
= Crataegus scabrida Rehd.
Crataegus bushii auct. non Sarg. = Crataegus
crus-galli L.
C.
calpodendron (Ehrh.) Medik., Pear Thorn
= C. calpodendron × punctata Eggl.
according to Zenkert, following Sargent 1913 as a synonym of C. celsa Sarg.
= C. celsa Sarg.
= C. tomentosa Sarg. in part
Crataegus
celsa Sarg. = Crataegus calpodendron (Ehrh.) Medik.
C.
chrysocarpa Ashe, Round-leaved Hawthorn
= C. chrysocarpa var. faxonii (Sarg.)
Eggl.
= C. dodgei Sarg.
= C. rotundifolia (Ehrh.) Moench in
part
Crataegus
chrysocarpa var. faxonii (Sarg.) Eggl. = Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe
Crataegus
clintoniana Sarg. = Crataegus suborbiculata Sarg.
Crataegus
coccinea of American authors in large part, not L., and of Zenkert 1934 =
Crataegus pedicellata Sarg.
Crataegus
coccinea var. ellwangeriana (Sarg.) Eggl. = Crataegus pedicellata Sarg.
C.
coccinioides Ashe, Kansas Hawthorn
= C. aulica Sarg.
= C. coccinioides var. dilatata
(Sarg.) Eggl. (of Zenkert 1934).
= C. conspecta Sarg.
= C. dilatata Sarg.
= C. durobrivensis Sarg.
= C. eggertii Britt.
Crataegus
coccinioides var. dilatata (Sarg.) Eggl. = Crataegus coccinioides Ashe
Crataegus
cognata Sarg. (after Zenkert 1934 p. 177) = Crataegus pruinosa (Wendl. f.) K.
Koch
C.
compta Sarg., Hawthorn
= C. beata var. compta (Sarg.) Eggl.
= C. formosa Sarg. (also a synonym of
C. pruinosa (Wendl.f.) Koch)
= C. levis Sarg.
= C. pulchra Sarg.
= C. strigosa Sarg.
Crataegus
conspecta Sarg. = Crataegus coccinioides Ashe
[Crataegus
corusca, Hawthorn (taxonomic question, Regl. M. Niag. Oldham 1999]
C. crus-galli L. Cockspur
Thorn
=
C. crus-galli var. prunifolia (Poir.) Torrey & A. Gray
=
C. crus-galli var. pyracanthifolia Ait. (of Zenkert 1934)
=
C. persimilis Sarg. (see Phipps 1988 sec. Morton & Venn 1990)
=
C. prunifolia (Poir.) Pers.
[C. crus-galli × succulenta Eggl. “This hybrid
is known from Buffalo and Niagara Falls” (Zenkert 1934 citing House 1924 p.
416)
Crataegus dayana Sarg. = Crataegus pedicellata
Sarg.
Crataegus dilatata Sarg. = Crataegus
coccinioides Ashe
Crataegus dissona Sarg. = Crataegus pruinosa
(Wendl f.) K. Koch s.l.
Crataegus dodgei Sarg. = Crataegus chrysocarpa
Ashe
Crataegus durobrivensis Sarg. = Crataegus
coccinioides Ashe
Crataegus eggertii Britt. = Crataegus
coccinioides Ashe
Crataegus exclusa Sarg. = Crataegus pringlei
Sarg.
Crataegus ferentaria Sarg. = Crataegus
succulenta Link
Crataegus filipes Ashe = Crataegus jesupii Sarg.
(of NYFA 1990)
Crataegus filipes Ashe (sensu Zenkert 1934 and
Sargent 1913) = Crataegus opulens Sarg.
Crataegus finitima Sarg. = Crataegus succulenta
Link
C. flabellata (Bosc) Koch
[not (Spach) Kirchner], Variable Thorn
Crataegus foetida Ashe = Crataegus intricata
Lange
Crataegus formosa Sarg. = Crataegus pruinosa
(Wendl. f.) K. Koch (also synonymized under C. compta Sarg. by Mitchell &
Tucker 1997).
Crataegus genialis Sarg. = Crataegus macrosperma
Ashe
Crataegus gracilis Sarg. = C. pruinosa (Wendl.
f.) K. Koch s.l.
C.
holmesiana Ashe, Holmes' Hawthorn
= C. tardipes (Sarg.) Sarg.
Crataegus
implicata Sarg. = Crataegus menandiana Sarg.
Crataegus
incisa Sarg. = Crataegus jesupii Sarg.
C.
intricata Lange, Biltmore Thorn
= C. baxterii Sarg.
= C. boyntonii Beadle (of Zenkert
1934)
= C. foetida Ashe
C.
jesupii Sarg., Hawthorn
= C. filipes Ashe
= C. numerosa Sarg.
= C incisa Sarg.
Crataegus
leiophylla Sarg. = Crataegus pruinosa (Wendl f.) K. Koch s.l.
Crataegus
leiophylla var. maineana (Sarg.) Eggl. = Crataegus pruinosa (Wendl f.) K. Koch
s.l.
Crataegus
letchworthiana Sarg. = Crataegus pedicellata Sarg.
Crataegus
levis Sarg. = Crataegus compta Sarg.
Crataegus
lobulata Sarg. = Crataegus pringlei Sarg.
Crataegus
luminosa Sarg. = Crataegus schuettii Ashe
Crataegus
macrantha Lodd. = Crataegus succulenta Link
Crataegus
macrocalyx Sarg. = Crataegus beata Sarg.
C. macrosperma Ashe, s.l.,
Large-fruited Hawthorn
=
C. genialis Sarg.
=
C. macrosperma var. acutiloba (Sarg.) Eggl. (of Zenkert 1934).
=
C. macrosperma var. pastorum (Sarg.) Eggl.
=
C. macrosperma var. roanensis (Ashe) Palmer
=
C. roanensis Ashe (of Zenkert 1934)
Crataegus macrosperma × pruinosa = Crataegus
menandiana Sarg.
Crataegus macrosperma var. roanensis (Ashe)
Palmer = Crataegus macrosperma Ashe
C. menandiana Sarg.,
Hawthorn
=
C. implicata Sarg.
=
C. macrosperma × pruinosa (of Zenkert 1934)
Crataegus mollis (Torr. & A. Gray) Scheele
sensu Soper & Heimberger in our region = Crataegus submollis Sarg.
*C.
monogyna Jacq., English Hawthorn
=
C. oxyacantha (of authors)
Crataegus neofluvialis Ashe = Crataegus
succulenta Link
Crataegus notabilis Sarg. = Crataegus
suborbiculata Sarg.
Crataegus numerosa Sarg. = Crataegus jesupii
Sarg.
Crataegus oxyacantha (of authors) = Crataegus
monogyna Jacq.
C. opulens Sarg., Opulent
Hawthorn
=
C. filipes Ashe
C.
pedicellata Sarg., Scarlet Thorn, Red Haw, Red Hawthorn
= C. acclivis Sarg.
= C. albicans Ashe (of Zenkert 1934)
= C. coccinea L. American authors in
large part, not L.; of Zenkert 1934
= C. coccinea L. var. ellwangeriana
(Sarg.) Eggl. (of Zenkert 1934)
= C. dayana Sarg.
= C. letchworthiana Sarg.
= C. pedicellata var. albicans (Ashe)
Palmer
= C. pedicellata var. ellwangeriana
(Sarg.) Eggl.
C.
persimilis Sarg. = C. crus-galli L.
C.
pringlei Sarg., Pringle's Hawthorn
= C. exclusa Sarg.
= C. lobulata Sarg.
= C. pringlei var. exclusa (Sarg.)
Eggl.
= C. pringlei var. lobulata (Sarg.)
Eggl.
C.
pruinosa (Wendl. f.) K. Koch s.l., Waxy-fruited Thorn
= C. arcana Beadle
= C. dissona Sarg.
= C. cognata Sarg. (of Zenkert 1934 p.
177)
= C. formosa Sarg.
= C. gracilis Sarg.
= C. leiophylla Sarg. (of Zenkert
1934)
= C. leiophylla var. maineana (Sarg.)
Eggl. (of Zenkert 1934)
= C. pruinosa var. conjucta (Sarg.)
Eggl.
= C. pruinosa var. dissona (Sarg.)
Eggl.
= C. pruinosa var. latisepala (Ashe)
Eggl.
= C. rugosa Ashe
Crataegus
prunifolia (Poir.) Pers. = Crataegus crus-galli L.
Crataegus
pulchra Sarg. = Crataegus compta Sarg.
C. punctata Jacq., Dotted
Hawthorn
=
C. punctata var. aurea Ait.
Crataegus roanensis Ashe = Crataegus macrosperma
Ashe
Crataegus rotundifolia (Ehrh.) Moench in part =
Crataegus chrysocarpa Ashe sensu lato
Crataegus rugosa Ashe = Crataegus pruinosa
(Wendl f.) K. Koch s.l.
C. scabrida Rehd.,
Hawthorn
=
C. brainerdii var. asperifolia (Sarg.) Eggl. (of Zenkert 1934)
=
C. brainerdii var. egglestonii (Sarg.) Robins. (of Zenkert 1934)
=
C. brainerdii var. scabrida (Sarg.) Eggl. (of Zenkert 1934)
C.
schuettii Ashe, Hawthorn
= C. basilica Beadle (of House 1924 p.
421)
= C. luminosa Sarg.
Crataegus
strigosa Sarg. = Crataegus compta Sarg.
C. submollis Sarg., Downy
Thorn
=
C. mollis (Torr. & A. Gray) Scheele sensu Soper & Heimberger 1982 for
our region
C.
suborbiculata Sarg., Hawthorn
= C. clintoniana Sarg.
= C. notabilis Sarg.
Crataegus
venustula Sarg. = Crataegus succulenta Link
C.
succulenta Link, Long-spined Thorn
= C. ferentaria Sarg.
= C. finitima Sarg.
= C. macrantha Lodd.
= C. neofluvialis Ashe
= C. succulenta var. macracantha
(Lodd.) Eggl.
= C. succulenta var. neofluvialis
(Ashe) Palm.
= C. succulenta var. rhombifolia
(Sarg.) Eggl.
= C. venustula Sarg.
Crataegus
succulenta var. neofluvialis (Ashe) Palm. = Crataegus succulenta Link
Crataegus
succulenta var. rhombifolia (Sarg.) Eggl. = Crataegus succulenta Link
Crataegus
tardipes (Sarg.) Sarg. = Crataegus holmesiana Ashe
Crataegus
tomentosa Sarg. in part = Crataegus calpodendron (Ehrh.) Medik.
Crataegus
venustula Sarg. = Crataegus succulenta Link
CREPIS
L. (Asteraceae)
*C.
biennis L., Rough Hawk's-beard
*C.
capillaris (L.) Wallr., Smooth Hawk's-beard
*C.
tectorum L., Hawk's-beard
Crocanthemum
canadense (L.) Britt. ex Britt. & Brown = Melianthemum canadense (L.)
Michx.
Cruciferae
= Brassicaceae
CRYPSIS
Ait. (Poaceae)
*C.
schoenoides (L.) Lam., Crypsis, Heleochloa, Swamp Timothy
= Heleochloa schoenoides (L.) Host
CRYPTOGRAMMA
R. Br. (Pteridaceae)
C. stelleri
(S. Gmel.) Prantl ex Engl., Slender Cliff-brake
CRYPTOTAENIA DC. (Apiaceae)
C. canadensis (L.) DC.,
Honewort, Wild Chervil
=
Deringa canadensis (L.) Kuntze
Cubelium concolor (Forst.) Raf. = Hybanthus
concolor (Forst.) Spreng.
CUCUMIS L. (Cucurbitaceae)
*C.
sativus L., Garden Cucumber
CUCURBITA
L. (Cucurbitaceae)
*C.
pepo L., Pumpkin, Acorn Squash, Summer Squash
= C. moschata (Dcne. ex Lam.) Dcne. ex
Poir.
= Pepo moschatus (Dcne. ex Lam.)
Britt.
= P. pepo (L.) Britt. ex Small
= P. vulgaris (L.) Moench
CUPHEA
P. Browne (Lythraceae)
Cuphea
petiolata (L.) Koehne = Cuphea viscosissima Jacq.
C.
viscosissima Jacq., Clammy Cuphea, Tarweed, Blue Waxweed
= C. petiolata (L.) Koehne
= Lythrum petiolatum L.
= Parsonsia petiolata (L.) Rusby
CUSCUTA
L. (Cuscutaceae)
Cuscuta
campestris Uncker = Cuscuta pentagona Engelm.
C. coryli Engelm., Hazel-dodder,
Strangleweed
=
C. inflexa Engelm.
*C.
epilinum Weihe, Flax-dodder
*C.
epithymum (L.) L., Clover-dodder
C.
gronovii Willd. ex Schultz, Common Dodder, Love-vine,
Stangleweed, Goldthread-vine
= C. gronovii var. latiflora Engelm.
= C. gronovii var. vulgivaga Engelm.
Cuscuta
inflexa Engelm. = Cuscuta coryli Engelm.
C. pentagona Engelm.,
Field-dodder
=
C. campestris Uncker
C. polygonorum
Engelm., Polygonum-dodder
CYCLOLOMA Moq. (Chenopodiaceae)
*C.
atriplicifolium (Spreng.) Coult., Winged Pigweed,
Tumbleweed
= Salsola atriplicifolia Spreng.
Cydonia
japonica of some authors, not (Thunb.) Pers. = Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet)
Nakai
Cydonia
lagenaria (Loisel.) Koidzumi = Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai
CYMBALARIA
Hill (Scrophulariaceae)
*C.
muralis Gaertn., Mey. & Sherb., Kenilworth Ivy,
Coliseum-ivy
= Linaria cymbalaria (L.) Mill.
CYNANCHUM
L. (Asclepiadaceae)
*C.
laeve (Michx.) Pers., Sand-vine, Honey-vine
= Ampelamus albidus (Nutt.) Britt.
= Gonolobus laevis Michx.
*C.
louiseae Kartesz & Gandhi, Black Swallow-wort.
= C. nigrum (L.) Pers.
= Vincetoxicum nigrum (L.) Moench
Cynanchum
medium of authors, not R. Br. = Cynanchum rossicum (Kleop.) Borh.
Cynanchum
nigrum (L.) Pers. = Cynanchum louiseae Kartesz & Gandhi
Cynanchum
nigrum in part = Cynanchum rossicum (Kleop.) Borh.
*C.
rossicum (Kleop.) Borh. Swallow-wort
= C. medium of authors, not R. Br.
= C. nigrum in part
= Vincetoxicum rossicum (Kleopov)
Barb.
*C.
vincetoxicum (L.) Pers., White Swallow-wort
= Vincetoxicum album (Mill.) Aschers.
= V. hirundinaria Medik.
= V. vincetoxicum (L.) Pers.
CYNODON
L. Rich. (Poaceae)
*C.
dactylon (L.) Pers., Bermuda-grass
= Capriola dactylon (L.) Kuntze
CYNOGLOSSUM
L. (Boraginaceae)
Cynoglossum
morisonii A.DC. = Hackelia virginiana (L.) Johnst.
*C.
officinale L., Hound's-tongue
C.
virginianum L., Northern Wild Comfrey
=
C. virginicum L. of Gray's Manual, ed 5, 1867, p. 366
var.
boreale (Fern.) Cooperrider
=
C. boreale Fern.
Cynoglossum virginicum (of Day, 1882) =
Cynoglossum virginianum L. var. boreale (Fern.) Cooperrider
CYNOSURUS L. (Poaceae)
*C.
cristatus L., Dog's-tail Grass, Crested Dog's Tail
CYPERUS
L. (Cyperaceae)
C. bipartitus Torr., Shining
Cyperus, Rivershore Galingale, Flatsedge
=
C. rivularis Kunth
=
C. diandrus var. castaneus Torr.
C. diandrus
Torr., Galingale, Umbrella Flatsedge
= C. diandrus var. elongatus Britt.
= C. fuscus of NY reports, not L.
Cyperus
diandrus var. castaneus Torr. = Cyperus bipartitus Torr.
Cyperus
engelmannii Steud. = Cyperus odoratus L.
C.
erythrorhizos Muhl., Red-rooted Cyperus, Flatsedge
*C.
esculentus L., Yellow Nut Grass
= “C. phymatodes Muhl.of Day's Pl. of
Buf.” according to Zenkert, 1934 (p. 102) and House 1924 p.133.
= C. esculentus L. var. leptostachyus
Boeck.
Cyperus
ferax Rich. = Cyperus odoratus L.
Cyperus
ferruginescens Boeckl. = Cyperus odoratus L.
Cyperus
filiculmis of authors, not Vahl = Cyperus lupulinus (Spreng.) Marcks ssp.
lupulinus
Cyperus
filiculmis var. macilentus Fern. = Cyperus lupulinus (Spreng.) Marcks ssp.
macilentus (Fern.) Marcks
C.
flavescens L. Galingale, Yellow Cyperus
= C. flavescens var. poaeformis
(Pursh) Fern.
*C.
fuscus L., Dark Galingale, Flatsedge
C.
lupulinus (Spreng.) Marcks, Slender Galingale
ssp. macilentus (Fern.) Marcks
= C. filiculmis var. macilentus Fern.
Cyperus
michauxianus Schultes of Gray's Manual ed 5, 1867 = Cyperus speciosus Vahl. of
House 1924 = Cyperus odoratus L.
C.
odoratus L., Fragrant Cyperus, Fragrant Umbrella-sedge
= C. engelmannii Steud.
= C. ferruginascens Boeckl.
= C. ferax Rich
= C. michauxianus Schultes of Gray's Manual
ed 5, according to House 1924.
= C. speciosus Vahl
= C. odoratus L. var. squarrosus
(Britton) Gill. sensu McIntosh & Catling 1979
“C[yperus].
phymatodes Muhl. of Day's Pl. of Buf.” according to Zenkert, 1934 (p. 102) and
House 1924 = Cyperus esculentus L.
Cyperus
rivularis Kunth = Cyperus bipartitus Torr.
C.
schweinitzii Torr., Schweinitz's Cyperus
Cyperus
speciosus Vahl = Cyperus odoratus L.
C.
strigosus L., Straw-colored Cyperus, Flatsedge
= C. strigosus var. robustior Britt.
CYPRIPEDIUM
L. (Orchidaceae)
C. acaule
Ait., Moccasin-flower, Pink Lady's Slipper
Cypripedium
calceolus var. parviflorum (Salisb.) Fern. = Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb.
var. parviflorum
Cypripedium
calceolus var. planipetalum (Fern.) Vict. & Rouss. = Cypripedium
parviflorum Salisb. var. pubescens (Willd.) Knight
Cypripedium
calceolus var. pubescens (Willd.) Correll = Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb.
var. pubescens (Willd.) Knight
C. candidum
Muhl. ex Willd., White Lady-slipper
Cypripedium
flavescens DC. = Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. pubescens (Willd.) Knight
C. parviflorum
Salisb., Yellow Lady-slipper
= C. calceolus of American authors,
not L.
var. parviflorum Small Yellow
Lady-slipper
= C. calceolus var. parviflorum (Salisb.) Fern.
var. pubescens (Willd.) Knight,
Large Yellow Lady-slipper
= C. calceolus var. planipetalum
(Fern.) Vict. & Rouss.
= C. calceolus var. pubescens (Willd.)
Correll
= C. flavescens DC.
= C. parviflorum var. planipetalum
Fern.
= C. pubescens Willd.
Cypripedium
pubescens Willd. = Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. pubescens (Willd.)
Knight
C. reginae
Walt., Showy Lady-slipper
= C. spectabile Salisb.
Cypripedium
spectabile Salisb. = Cypripedium regina Walt.
CYSTOPTERIS
Bernh. (Dryopteridaceae)
C.
bulbifera (L.) Bernh., Bulblet Bladder-fern
= Filix bulbifera (L.) Underw.
= Polypodium bulbiferum L.
C.
fragilis (L.) Bernh., Brittle Bladder-fern
= Filix fragilis (L.) Gilib.
= Polypodium fragile L.
Cystopteris
fragilis var. mackayi Laws. = Cystopteris tenuis (Michx.) Desv.
Cystopteris
fragilis var. protrusa Weath. = Cystopteris protrusa (Weath.) Blasd.
C. protrusa (Weath.)
Blasd., Lowland Fragile Fern
=
C. fragilis var. protrusa Weath.
C. tenuis (Michx.) Desv.,
Fragile Fern
=
C. fragilis var. mackayi Laws.
Cytherea bulbosa (L.) Salisb. = Calypso bulbosa
(L.) Oakes
CYTISUS L. (Fabaceae)
*C. scoparius (L.) Link,
Scotch Broom
=
Genista scoparia (L.) Lam.
=
Sarothamnus scoparius (L.) Wimmer
=
Spartium scoparium L.
DACTYLIS L. (Poaceae)
*D. glomerata L., Orchard-grass
= D. glomerata varieties
DALIBARDA L. (Rosaceae)
Dalibarda fragarioides
Michx. = Waldsteinia fragarioides (Michx.) Tratt.
D. repens L., Dewdrop, False Violet,
Robin-runaway, Dewdrop
= D. violaeoides Michx.
= Rubus dalibarda L.
Dalibarda violaeoides Michx.
= Dalibarda repens L.
DANTHONIA Lam. & DC. (Poaceae)
D. compressa Austin, Austin's Oatgrass,
Northern Oatgrass
D. spicata (L.) Beauv. ex R. & S.,
Poverty-grass, Junegrass, White Oatgrass
= D. × allenii Austin
= D. spicata var. longipila Scribn.
& Merr.
DAPHNE L. (Thymelaeaceae)
*D. mezereum L., Mezereum, Daphne
Dasiphora fruticosa auct.
non (L.) Rydb. = Potentilla fruticosa ssp. floribunda (Pursh) Elkington
Dasiphora floribunda (Pursh)
Kartesz = Potentilla fruticosa L. ssp. floribunda (Pursh) Elkington
Dasystephana grayi of NY
reports, not (Kusn.) Britt. = Gentiana puberulenta Pringle
Datisca hirta L. = Rhus
hirta (L.) Sudworth
DATURA L. (Solanaceae)
*D. stramonium L., Jimsonweed, Stramonium, Common Thorn-apple, Jamestown Weed, Purple
Thorn-apple
= D. tatula L.
= D. stramonium var. tatula (L.) Torr.
Datura tatula L. = Datura
stramonium L.
DAUCUS L. (Apiaceae)
*D. carota L., Queen Anne's Lace, Wild Carrot
DECODON J. Gmel. (Lythraceae)
D. verticillatus (L.) Ell., Swamp
Loosestrife, Water-willow, Water-oleander
= D. verticillatus var. laevigatus
Torr. & A. Gray
= Lythrum verticllatum L.
= Nesaea verticillata (L.) HBK
Delphinium ajacis L. of ON
reports = Consolida ajacis (L.) Schur
Delphinium ambiguum L. =
Consolida ajacis (L.) Schur
Delphinium consolida of
Torrey's NY Flora, not L. = Consolida ajacis (L.) Schur
Delphinium consolida L. =
Consolida regalis S. Gray
Dendrolycopodium dendroideum
(Michx.) A. Haines = Lycopodium dendroideum Michx.
Dendrolycopodium obscurum
(L.) A. Haines = Lycopodium obscurum L.
DENNSTAEDTIA Bernh. (Dennstaedtiaceae)
D. punctilobula (Michx.) Moore, Hay-scented
Fern
= Dicksonia pilosiuscula Willd.
= Nephrodium punctilobulum Michx.
Dentaria concatenata Michx.
= Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) Schwein.
Dentaria diphylla Michx. =
Cardamine diphylla (Michx.) Wood
Dentaria diphylla ×
laciniata = [Cardamine concatenata × diphylla = C. × maxima (Nutt.) Wood]
Dentaria diphylla × maxima =
[Cardamine concatenata × diphylla = C. × maxima (Nutt.) Wood]
Dentaria × incisa K. Schum.
= [Cardamine concatenata × diphylla = C. × maxima (Nutt.) Wood]
Dentaria × incisifolia Eames
= [Cardamine concatenata × diphylla = C. × maxima (Nutt.) Wood]
Dentaria laciniata Muhl. ex
Willd. = Cardamine concatenata (Michx.) Schwein.
Dentaria laciniata × maxima
Nutt. = [Cardamine concatenata × diphylla = C. × maxima (Nutt.) Wood]
Dentaria maxima Nutt. =
[Cardamine concatenata × diphylla = C. × maxima (Nutt.) Wood]
DEPARIA Hooker & Grev.
(Dryopteridaceae)
D. acrostichoides (Sw.) Kato, Silvery
Spleenwort, Silvery Gladefern
= Asplenium acrostichoides Sw.
= A. thelypteroides Michx.
= Athyrium acrosticoides (Sw.) Diels
= A. thelypteroides (Michx.) Desv.
= Diplazium acrostichoides (Sw.) Butters
Deringa canadensis (L.)
Kuntze = Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC.
DESCHAMPSIA Beauv. (Poaceae)
D. cespitosa (L.) Beauv., Tufted
Hair-grass
= Aira caespitosa L.
D. flexuosa (L.) Trin., Wavy
Hair-grass, Common Hair-grass
= Aira flexuosa L.
DESCURAINIA Webb & Berth.
(Brassicaceae)
D. pinnata (Walt.) Britt., Tansy
Mustard
ssp. brachycarpa (Richardson ex Frankl.)
Detl., Northern Tansy-mustard
= D. pinnata var. brachycarpa (Rich.)
Fern.
= Sisymbrium brachycarpon Richardson
(Morton & Venn 1990)
= S. brachycarpon Rich. ex Frankl. (Mitchell & Tucker
1997)
= S. canescens as to ON reports, not
of Nutt. (Morton & Venn 1990)
[*ssp. pinnata, Southern
Tansy-mustard (= Sisymbrium canescens), excluded by Zander and Pierce (1979).]
Descurainia pinnata var.
brachycarpa (Richards.) Fern. = Descurainia pinnata ssp. brachycarpa (Richards.
ex Frankl.) Detl.
*D. sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl, Herb
Sophia
= Sisymbrium sophia L.
DESMODIUM Desv. (Fabaceae)
Desmodium acuminatum DC. =
Desmodium glutinosum (Muhl. ex Willd.) Wood
Desmodium bracteosum
(Michx.) DC. = Desmodium cuspidatum (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC. ex Loud.
D. canadense (L.) DC., Canadian Tick
Trefoil, Giant Tick-clover or -trefoil, Showy Tick-trefoil, Beggar-ticks
Desmodium canescens (L.) DC.
(excluded by Zander & Pierce 1979).
D. ciliare (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC, Hairy
Small-flowered Tick-trefoil
= D. obtusum of authors
D. cuspidatum (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC. ex
Loud., Pointed-leaved Tick-trefoil
= D. bracteosum (Michx.) DC.
= D. grandiflorum (Walt) DC.
Desmodium dillenii of some
authors, not Darl. = Desmodium glabellum (Michx.) DC.
Desmodium dillenii Darl. in
part = Desmodium perplexum Schub.
Desmodium dillenii Darl. =
Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC.
D. glabellum (Michx.) DC., Dillen's
Tick-trefoil, Tall Tick-clover or Tick-trefoil
= D. dillenii of some authors, not
Darl.
= D. humifusum of some NY reports, not
(Muhl.) Beck
D. glutinosum (Muhl. ex Willd.) Wood,
Sticky Tick-trefoil
= D. acuminatum DC.
Desmodium grandiflorum
(Walt) DC. = Desmodium cuspidatum (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC. ex Loud.
Desmodium humifusum of some
NY reports, not (Muhl.) Beck = Desmodium glabellum (Michx.) DC.
D. marilandicum (L.) DC., Smooth
Small-leaved Tick-trefoil, Maryland Tick-clover
D. nudiflorum (L.) DC., Naked-flowered
Tick-trefoil, Bare-stemmed Tick-trefoil
Desmodium obtusum (of
authors) = Desmodium ciliare (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC.
[D. obtusum (Muh. ex Willd.)
DC. ( = D. rigidum (Ell.) DC.) Erie Co. report not corroborated by specimen
(Young 1998).]
D. paniculatum (L.) DC., Panicled
Tick-trefoil
= D. dillenii Darl.
D. pauciflorum (Nutt.) DC., Few-or
Small-flowered Tick-trefoil
D. perplexum Schub., Tick-clover,
Tick-trefoil
= D. dillenii Darl. in part
= Meibomia dillenii (Darl.) Kuntze in
part
Desmodium rigidum (Ell.) DC.
= Desmodium obtusum (Muh. ex Willd. DC. (excluded by Zander & Pierce 1979).
D. rotundifolium DC., Round-leaved
Tick-trefoil
Dianthera americana L. =
Justicia americana (L.) Vahl
DIANTHUS L. (Caryophyllaceae)
*D. armeria L., Deptford Pink
*D. barbatus L., Sweet William
Dianthus blandus (Reichenb.)
Hayek = Dianthus deltoides L.
*D. deltoides L., Maiden-pink,
Meadow-pink
Dianthus hoppei Portenschl.
= Dianthus deltoides L.
Dianthus luminitzeri Weisb.
= Dianthus deltoides L.
Dianthus praecox Kit. ex
Willd. = Dianthus deltoides L.
DICENTRA Bernh. (Fumariaceae)
D. canadensis (Goldie) Walp., Squirrel-corn, Turkey-corn
= Diclytra canadensis (Goldie) DC.
D. cucullaria (L.) Bernh., Dutchman's Breeches
= Diclytra cucullaria (L.) DC.
Dichanthelium acuminatum
(Sw.) Gould & Clark = Panicum acuminatum Sw.
Dichanthelium boreale (Nash)
Freckmann = Panicum boreale Nash
Dichanthelium clandestinum
(L.) Gould = Panicum clandestinum L.
Dichanthelium commutatum
(Schultes) Gould = Panicum commutatum Schultes
Dichanthelium depauperatum
(Muhl.) Gould = Panicum depauperatum Muhl.
Dichanthelium dichotomum
(L.) Gould = Panicum dichotomum L.
Dichanthelium latifolium
(L.) Gould & C. Clark = Panicum latifolium L.
Dichanthelium linearifolium
(Scribn. ex Nash) Gould = Panicum linearifolium Scribn. ex Nash in Britt. &
Brown
Dichanthelium oligosanthes
(J. A. Schultes) Gould var. scribnerianum (Nash) Gould = Panicum oligosanthes J. A. Schultes var. scribnerianum (Nash)
Fern.
Dichanthelium sphaerocarpon
(Ell.) Gould var. sphaerocarpon = Panicum sphaerocarpon Ell. var. sphaerocarpon
Dichanthelium villosissimum
(Nash) Freckman var. praecocius (Hitchc. & Chase) Freckmann = Panicum villosissimum
Nash
Dichanthelium xanthophysum
(A. Gray) Freckman = Panicum xanthophysum A. Gray
Diclytra canadensis (Goldie)
DC. = Dicentra canadensis (Goldie) Walp.
Diclytra cucullaria (L.) DC.
= Dicentra cucullaria (L.) Bernh.
DIERVILLA Mill. (Caprifoliaceae)
D. lonicera Mill., Bush Honeysuckle
= D. trifida Moench
Diervilla trifida Moench =
Diervilla lonicera Mill.
DIGITARIA Heist. ex Fabr. (Poaceae)
D. cognata (Schultes) Pilger, Diffuse
Crab-grass, Fall Witchgrass
= Leptoloma cognatum (Schultes) Chase
*D. ischaemum (Schreb. ex Schweig.)
Schreb. ex Muhl., Small or Smooth Crab-grass
= D. ischaemum var. mississippiensis
(Gatt.) Fern.
= Panicum glabrum (Schrad.) Gaud.
= Syntherisma ishaemum (Schreb. ex
Schweig.) Nash
*D. sanguinalis (L.) Scop., Large
Crab-grass, Tall or Hairy Crab-grass
= Digitaria adscendens (Kunth) Henr.
= Panicum sanguinale L.
= Syntherisma sanguinalis (L.) Dulac
Dilepyrum erectum (Schreb)
Farw. = Brachyelytrum erectum (Schreb.) Beauv.
DIOSCOREA L. (Dioscoreaceae)
*D. batatas Dcne., Yam, Chinese Yam,
Cinammon-vine
= D. oppositifolia L.
Dioscorea oppositifolia L. =
Dioscorea batatas Dcne.
Dioscorea quaternata of old
NY reports in part = Dioscorea villosa L.
D. villosa L., Wild Yam, Yellow Yam
= D. quaternata of old NY reports in
part
Diphasiastrum digitatum (A.
Br.) Holub = Lycopodium digitatum Dill. ex A. Br.
Diphasiastrum digitatum × D.
tristachyum = Diphasiastrum × habereri (House) Holub = Lycopodium digitatum ×
L. tristachyum = Lycopodium × habereri House
Diphasiastrum tristachyum
(Pursh) Holub = Lycopodium tristachyum Pursh
Diphasium tristachyum
(Pursh) Rothm. = Lycopodium tristachyum Pursh
DIPLACHNE Beauv. (Poaceae)
*D. fascicularis (Lam.) Beauv., Clustered
Saltmeadow-grass, Sprangletop
= Leptochloa fascicularis (Lam.) A.
Gray
= L. fusca (L.) Kunth. ssp.
fascicularis (Lam.) N. Snow
DIPLAZIUM Sw. (Dryopteridaceae)
Diplazium acrostichoides
(Sw.) Butters = Deparia acrostichoides (Sw.) Kato
D. pycnocarpon (Sprengel) M. Broun,
Narrow-leaved Spleenwort, Silvery Spleenwort, Silvery Glade-fern
= Asplenium angustifolium (of
authors)