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BFNA Title: Amphidium |
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Amphidium - Orthotrichaceae 1. Amphidium
Schimper, Coroll. Bryol. Eur. 39. 1856
* [a variant of Amphoridium
(nomenclaturally unavailable) and means like an urn, referring to the capsule
shape]. Dale
H. Vitt Plants
small, in dense cushions. Stem leaves twisted and contorted when dry, linear to narrowly
lanceolate, acute; margins entire or toothed above, costa strong; distal
laminal cells small, rounded, obscured by numerous, elliptic cuticular
papillae over lumens and transverse walls; basal cells yellow-clear, smooth. Sexual condition autoicous or
dioicous. Perichaetial leaves larger and ±
clasping seta; gemmae not produced. Seta
short 1.0--3.5 mm. Capsule oblong, 8-ribbed, constricted
below mouth, mostly emergent to immersed; peristome none; stomates
superficial. Calyptra cucullate, naked, smooth. Spores
isomorphic. Species
12 (3 species in the flora); North America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Pacific
Islands, Australia. Limey green cushion-forming plants in seepages of
non-calcareous rocks is descriptive and diagnostic for all species. The lack of a peristome has lead to
considerable discussion of the placement of the genus. J. Lewinsky (1976) suggested correct placement in the
Orthotrichaceae while D. H. Vitt (1973) proposed the Rhabdoweisiaceae. Although treated here in the former family,
recent DNA evidence indicates closer relationships with the Haplolepideae
(Goffinet et al. 1998) and the latter family (Stech 1999). 1. Leaves toothed or notched above . . 1. Amphidium californicum 1. Leaves entire. 2. Autoicous; leaves ligulate-lanceolate;
distal laminal cells 8--11 µm, obscured by relatively large, warty cuticular
papillae; operculum short-rostrate, less than diameter of capsule; capsules
immersed to half emergent . . 2. Amphidium
lapponicum 2. Dioicous; leaves linear; distal laminal
cells 5--9 µm, somewhat obscured by numerous, small, elliptic cuticular
papillae; operculum rostrate,
greater than diameter of capsule); capsules barely exserted. . . . 3. Amphidium mougeotii SELECTED
REFERENCE Goffinet, B., R. J. Bayer,
and D. H. Vitt. 1998. Circumscription
and phylogeny of the Orthotrichales (Bryopsida) inferred from rbcL sequence
analyses. Amer. J. Bot. 85:
1324--1337. Stech, M. 1999. A molecular systematic contribution to the
position of Amphidium Schimp.
(Rhabdoweisiaceae, Bryopsida). Nova
Hedwigia 68: 291--300. 1. Amphidium
californicum (J. K. A. Müller) Brotherus, Nat. Pfl. 1(3): 460. 1902
Zygodon
californicus J. K. A. Müller, Bot. Zeit. 20: 361. 1862 Plants
1--4 cm. Stem leaves 1.5--4 mm, linear-lanceolate;
margins toothed to notched distally, toothed or entire proximally, recurved;
basal laminal cells thick-walled, yellowish; distal laminal cells 9--11 µm
wide, lightly obscured by numerous tiny elliptic cuticular papillae, these
often in longitudinal lines. Sexual condition dioicous. Perichaetial leaves subsheathing at base, elongate, narrow, long-pointed. Seta
1.5--2 mm. Capsule
immersed to emergent, 1.2--1.6 mm. Operculum conic-apiculate. Spores
10--15 µm. Crevices of neutral to acidic rocks; mostly at middle elevations; B.C.; Calif., Idaho, Oreg., Wash. The leaves with notched distal leaf margins and linear
leaves distinguish this species. Amphidium lapponicum has decidedly
broader leaves and distal cells obscured by large, warty, cuticular papillae.
2. Amphidium
lapponicum (Hedwig) Schimper, Coroll. Bryol. Eur. 39. 1856
Anictangium
lapponicum Hedwig, Spec. Musc. 40.
1801 Plants
0.5--3.5 cm. Stem leaves 2--3 mm,
ligulate-lanceolate; margins entire, plane; basal laminal cells firm-walled,
clear; distal laminal cells 8--11 µm wide, obscure, densely
warty-papillose. Sexual condition
autoicous. Perichaetial leaves
sheathing, enlarged, erect, short-pointed.
Seta 1--1.5 mm. Capsule
immersed to half emergent, 0.8--1.3 mm.
Operculum short-rostrate. Spores
9--13 µm. Seasonal wet crevices of neutral to acidic cliffs; 100--2000 m; Greenland; Alta, B.C., N.B., Nfld., N.W.T., N.S., Nun., Ont.,
Que., Sask., Yukon; Ala, Ariz., Calif., Colo., Conn., Idaho, Maine, Md.,
Mich., Minn., Mont., Nev., N.H., N.J., N.Y., Oreg., Pa., Vt., Va., Wash.,
Wis., Wyo.; Europe; Asia. Amphidium
lapponicum differs from the two other North American species by
broader leaves and larger, warty, cuticular papillae that obscure the distal
leaf cells. It is autoicous and
frequently fruiting, in which case the immersed to emergent capsules serve to
identify it. Additionally, the larger
leaf cells (8--11 µm) differentiate this species from the other
entire-margined species, A. mougeotii, which has distal leaf cells
smaller (5--9 µm). 3. Amphidium mougeotii (Bruch, Schimper,
& W. Gümbel) Schimper, Coroll. Bryol. Eur. 40. 1856 Zygodon
mougeotii Bruch, Schimper & Gümbel, Bryol. Eur. 3: 39. 206.
1836 Plants
2--5 cm. Stem leaves 1.5--3 mm,
linear-lanceolate; margins entire, plane; basal laminal cells thick-walled,
yellowish; distal laminal cells 5--9 µm wide, opaque, lightly obscured by
numerous tiny elliptic cuticular papillae. Sexual condition
dioicous. Perichaetial leaves
subsheathing at base, elongate, narrow, long-pointed. Seta
2.2--3.5 mm. Capsule barely exserted, 1--1.5 mm. Operculum
rostrate. Spores 9--12 µm. Seasonally wet crevices of neutral to acidic cliffs; 10--1500 m; Greenland; B.C., N.B., Nfld., N.W.T., N.S., Nun., Ont., Que.,
Yukon; Ala., Alaska, Calif., Colo., Conn., Ga., Idaho, Ky., Maine, Minn.,
Mont., N.H., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Oreg., Pa., S.Dak., Tenn., Vt., Va., Wash.,
W.Va.; Europe; Asia. This species has linear, entire leaves and small leaf
cells (5--9 µm). The cuticular
papillae are numerous, elliptic, and only lightly obscure the distal cells,
whereas in A. lapponicum they are
larger, warty, and much more noticeable. |
