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BFNA Title: Bartramiaceae |
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Bartramiaceae BARTRAMIACEAE
Schwaegrichen Dana Griffin, III Plants small to robust, in loose to dense
tufts or sods, mostly tomentose below. Stems erect or occasionally
decumbent, 0.5--15 cm, simple, fastigiate or with a subfloral whorl of
branches. Leaves erect-appressed to spreading-recurved,
ovate-lanceolate to lance-subulate or linear, acute, acuminate or rarely
obtuse, sometimes abruptly enlarged and clasping at base, unbordered or
weakly bordered, toothed distally or throughout, teeth single or paired;
laminal cells rounded quadrate to oblong, rectangular or linear, mostly
firm-walled, prorulose or mammillose at one or both ends, rarely centrally
papillose or smooth, usually enlarged, lax, smooth and hyaline toward base,
not to weakly differentiated at basal angles (or with distinct alar regions).
Sexual condition dioicous, autoicous or synoicous; perigonia gemmiform
or discoid, paraphyses filiform or clavate; perichaetial leaves often longer
and with a laxer areolation, otherwise little different from stem leaves. Seta
terminal, often appearing lateral by innovations, mostly single, rarely
clustered, mostly elongate. Capsule inclined or horizontal, rarely
pendulous or erect, subglobose or ovoid, usually asymmetrical and oblique mouthed,
typically furrowed, rarely smooth or irregularly wrinkled when dry; annulus
usually none; operculum convex or umbonate, beak short, blunt or rarely
rostrate; peristome double, single, rudimentary or lacking, inserted well
below the mouth, the 16 teeth lanceolate, yellow-brown to reddish-brown,
smooth or papillose, usually unbordered, usually with prominent trabeculae
and often with intermediate thickenings in upper half; endostome, when
present, usually well developed, occasionally adhering in fragments to
exostome or shorter and keeled, sometimes absent, segments gaping and split along the median line, cilia 1--3,
usually short, sometimes lacking, never appendiculate, basal membrane
typically high. Calyptra cucullate, naked, smooth. Spores
spherical to reniform, papillose. Genera 9--10,
species 419 (5 genera, 22 species in the flora); worldwide, primarily montane
tropical. The more or
less globose (apple shaped), typically furrowed capsules and the narrow
leaves with prorulose cells are distinctive family characters. The
roughenings are mostly eccentric over the lumen. Infrequently, most of the
laminal cells are smooth (a condition often associated with submergence in
boggy habitats) or, as in Plagiopus,
the leaves develop a striated cuticle which can appear papillose in section. SELECTED
REFERENCES Crum, H.A. and L.E. Anderson. 1981. Bartramiaceae. In: Mosses of
Eastern North America. Vol. 1, pp. 634--656. New York. Flowers, S. 1935.
Bartramiaceae. In: A.J. Grout, Moss
Fl. No. Amer. Vol.II, part 3, pp. 152--180. Newfane, Vermont. Flowers, S.
1973. Mosses: Utah and the West. Provo, Utah. Griffin, D.,III and W.R. Buck
1989. Taxonomic and phylogenetic studies on the Bartramiaceae. Bryologist 92:
368--380. 1.
Leaves strongly 5-ranked; leaf cells mammillose or more or less smooth;
rhizoids smooth;
operculum rostrate; peristome teeth apically fused . . 1. Conostomum 1.
Leaves typically not 5-ranked (seriately spiralled inPhilonotis seriata);
leaf cells prorulose,
mammillose or smooth; rhizoids papillose; operculum convex, conic or
umbonate; peristome teeth, when present, apically free. 2. Leaves 3-ranked; leaf cells covered
by a striated cuticle (leaves appearing papillose in section) . . . . 2. Plagiopus 2.
Leaves not in distinct ranks or rarely 5-ranked; leaf cells prorulose,
mammillose or rarely smooth. 3.
Stems lacking a hyalodermis; epidermis prorulose; capsules irregularly
wrinkled; western North America . . . 3. Anacolia 3.
Stem hyalodermis present (sometimes weakly developed); epidermis not prorulose;
capsules usually furrowed (irregularly wrinkled in Philonotis cernua);wide
ranging species or eastern North America or Greenland. 4.
Leaves 2-stratose (at least along distal margins); fertile plants lacking a
subfloral whorl of branches . . . . .4. Bartramia 4. Leaves 1-stratose; fertile plants often
with a subfloral whorl of branches . . .
5. Philonotis |