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XX. SCHISTOCHILOPSIS (N. Kitagawa) Konstantinova
in Konstantinova & Vasiljev,
Arctoa 3: 125. 1994 * [Genus Schistochila, and Greek opsis, similar, alluding to characteristic presence
of winged keel in one species]
Vadim Bakalin
Lophozia subg. Schistochilopsis
N. Kitagawa, J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 28: 289. 1965
Plants ca. 10--50 x 1--3 mm, prostrate to
ascending, from pale green to bright green and slightly brownish. Stems
transversely oval, soft-textured, 0.4--1.1 mm in width and 0.4--0.6 mm in height,
sparsely branching, stem in transverse section composed by homogenous cells,
outer cells not different, ventral side of the stem differing in color or concolorous
with dorsal side; rhizoids sparse to common, in indistinct fascicles,
colorless to pale brownish. Leaves succubous,
inserted at various angles, distant to imbricate, spreading to appressed,
flat to concave, divided by variously shaped sinus into 2--3(--4) lobes;
lobes entire; cells collenchymatous or not, walls
usually thin, but sometimes thickened; oil bodies 2--50 per cell,
biconcentric or otherwise; underleaves usually absent. Specialized asexual
reproduction by gemmae in masses at apices of shoots or on tips of
specialized, attenuate branches. Sexual condition dioicous. Androecia
intercalary, 2--5-androus, antheridial stalk (1--)2-seriate.
Gynoecia terminal, female bracts in 1 pair. Perianth exerted
1/2--3/4\x its length, mainly cylindric, complicated at mouth, mouth dentate
to ciliate and lobulate; perigynium entirely absent.
Capsule oval, walls (3--)5-stratose, exterior walls with nodular thickenings,
interior walls with annular thickenings, reddish brown. Elaters
2-spiral, reddish brown. Spores 10--16 \um.
Species
8 (5 in
the flora): North America, South America, Eurasia, n
Africa.
SELECTED REFERENCES:
Schuster R.M. 1969. The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America.
New York and London. Vol. 2. Bisang,
J. 1991. Biosystematische studien
on Lophozia subg. Schistochilopsis (Hepaticae). Bryophytorum
Bibl. 43. Berlin-Stuttgart. 187 pp., 17 plates.
Species 6 (3 in the flora): North
America, South America, Eurasia, n Africa.
1.
Stems commonly wider 0.5 mm;
leaves of sterile shoots commonly 2--3-lobed; gemmae
sharply angled . . . XXa. Schistochilopsis sect. Schistochilopsis
1.
Stems commonly lesser 0.4
mm wide; leaves of sterile shoots predominantly
2-lobed; gemmae ellipsoidal . . . XXb. Schistochilopsis
sect. Heterogemmae
XXa
SCHISTOCHILOPSIS (N. Kitagawa)
Konstantinova sect. SCHISTOCHILOPSIS
Lophozia sect. Incisae R. M. Schuster
Plants ca. 5--50 x 1.2--2.5 mm, pale whitish green
to bright green and brownish at distal apices. Stems commonly wider than 0.5 mm. Leaves 2--3(--4)-lobed
with acute lobes ending in a protruding and elongate cell. Specialized
asexual reproduction by sharply angled gemmae.
1.
Stem ventrally blackish purple; leaf margins mostly entire . . . 1. Schistochilopsis grandiretis
1.
Stem ventrally dirty green to blackish, lacking purplish pigmentation; leaf
margins mostly dentate.
2. Plants
deep green with brownish lobes near apex, stem in old parts of shoot ventrally
blackish; oil-bodies 5--20 per cell, papillose, non-biconcentric . . . 2.Schistochilopsis hyperarctica
2. Plants
light green to bluish green, lobes near apex green, sometimes decolorate, never brownish, stem in old parts of shoot ventrally
not becoming blackish; oil-bodies 15--50 per cell, nearly homogenous,
sometimes biconcentric . . . 3.Schistochilopsis. incisa
1. Schistochilopsis
grandiretis (Lindberg ex Kaalaas) Konstantinova, Arctoa 3: 125.
1994
Jungermannia
grandiretis Lindberg ex Kaalaas, Nyt Mag. Naturvidensk. 33: 322.
1893; Lophozia grandiretis
(Lindberg ex Kaalaas) Schiffner
Plants ca. 20--50 x 1.2--2.4 mm, prostrate, pale
green to greenish, sometimes with brownish colored tips. Stems
transversely oval in cross section, soft-textured, 0.4--0.8 mm in width and 0.4--0.5 mm in height, sparsely
branching, transverse section without microcellous layer, ventral side
vinaceous to purplish brown and purplish black; rhizoids common, sometimes
dense, in indistinct fascicles, colorless to yellowish and brownish. Leaves
commonly obliquely inserted to nearly subtransverse,
insertion line nearly straight, distant, spreading, flattened to undulate and
crispate, transversely oval, 1.2--1.4 x 1.5--2 mm, 2--3-lobed, unequal
lobes divided by gibbous sinus descending to 1/5--2/5\x leaf length; lobes
weakly dentate, acute, frequently with some teeth near apex; cells of midleaf
4-polygonal, 38--75 x 35--50 \um, in base up to 55 x 95 \um; cuticle smooth,
walls very thin, trigones concave to triangled; oil
bodies 15--50 per cell, spherical, 4--5 \um in diameter, nearly homogenous;
underleaves absent. Specialized asexual reproduction by gemmae at
apices of shoot, pale green, commonly with 4--6-angled in projection, 24--36
x 20--27 \um, 2-celled, with sharply protruding angles. Sexual condition
dioicous. Androecia intercalary, male bracts in 3--5 pairs, spicate, 3--5-androus, antheridial stalk 2-seriate. Gynoecia
terminal, innovations absent, female bracts in 1 pair, oval to ovoid,
2--4-lobed, sharply to weakly dentate, ca. 1.5 x 2.2 mm, divided to
1/4--1/3\x their length, bracteole present, 2-fid. Perianth exerted to
1/2\x its length, cylindric to cone-shaped, complicated at mouth, mouth
denticulate to subentire. Elaters ca. 10--12 \um wide. Spores
ca. 15--18 \um.
Usually
peat or over Sphagnum in peat moss
bogs, wet slopes of waterways, opened coniferous forest, very rarely sandy
soil in tundra; elevation unknown; Greenland; Alta., Man., N.W.T., Que.,
Yukon; Alaska, Minn., Vt., Wash.; n Eurasia.
2. Schistochilopsis
hyperarctica (R. M. Schuster) Konstantinova,
Arctoa 3: 125. 1994
Lophozia
hyperarctica R. M. Schuster, Canad. J. Bot.
39: 967. 1961
Plants ca. 5--12 x 1.5--1.8 mm, prostrate, pale
green to greenish, sometimes with characteristic brownish ends of lobes near
apex. Stems transversely oval in cross section, soft-textured,
0.4--1.1 mm in width and 0.3--0.5 mm in height, sparsely branching,
transverse section without microcellous layer, ventral side of stem dirty
green to blackish, with no trace of purplish pigmentation; rhizoids common,
sometimes dense, in indistinct fascicles, colorless to yellowish and
brownish. Leaves commonly obliquely inserted to nearly subtransverse, insertion line nearly straight, distant,
spreading, flattened to undulate and crispate, transversely oval, 1.2--1.4 x 1.5--2 mm, 2--4-lobed, unequal
lobes divided by gibbous sinus descending to 1/5--2/5\x leaf length; lobes
weakly to sharply dentate, acute, frequently with some teeth near apex; cells
of midleaf 4--polygonal, ca. 35--50 x 35--45 \um, in base up to 45 x 50 \um;
cuticle smooth, walls very thin, trigones concave to triangled;
oil bodies 5--20 per cell, ellipsoidal; underleaves absent. Specialized
asexual reproduction by gemmae at shoot apices, pale green, commonly
4--6-angled in outline, 24--36 x 20--27 \um, 2-celled, with sharply
protruding angles. Otherwise unknown.
Acid
to basic wet tundra communities, over Sphagnum
or mosses, rarely mineral soil; elevation unknown; Nunavut;
Alaska; n Eurasia.
3. Schistochilopsis
incisa
(Schrader) Konstantinova, Arctoa
3: 125. 1994
Jungermannia
incisa
Schrader, Syst. Samml. Krypt.
Gew. (2): 5. 1797; Lophozia incisa (Schrader) Dumortier
Plants ca. 5--25 x 1.2--2.5 mm, prostrate, pale
green to greenish, bluish green and deep green. Stems transversely
oval in cross section, soft-textured, 0.4--0.9 mm in width and 0.4--0.5 mm in
height, sparsely branching, transverse section without microcellous layer,
ventral side of stem dirty green to brownish green, with no trace of purplish
pigmentation; rhizoids common, sometimes dense, in indistinct fascicles,
colorless to yellowish and brownish. Leaves commonly obliquely
inserted to nearly subtransverse, insertion line
nearly straight, distant, spreading, flattened to undulate and crispate,
transversely oval to obtrapezoidal, 1--1.7 x 1.7--2.2 mm, 2--4-lobed,
unequal lobes divided by gibbous sinus descending to 1/5--2/5\x leaf length;
lobes weakly to sharply dentate, acute, frequently with some additional teeth
near apex; cells of midleaf 4--polygonal, ca. 30--45 x 25--32 \um, in base up
to 45 x 50 \um; cuticle smooth, walls very thin, trigones concave to triangled, rarely convex; oil bodies 15--45 per cell,
spherical, 4--5 \um in diameter, nearly homogenous, sometimes biconcentric;
underleaves absent. Specialized asexual reproduction by gemmae at
shoot apices, pale green, commonly 4--6-angled in outline, 24--36 x 20--27
\um, 1--2-celled, with sharply protruding angles. Sexual condition
dioicous. Androecia intercalary, male bracts 3--5 pairs, spicate, 3--5-androus, antheridial stalk 2-seriate. Gynoecia
terminal, innovations absent, female bracts in 1 pair, oval to ovoid,
2--4-lobed, sharply to weakly dentate, ca. 1.5 x 2.2 mm, divided to
1/4--1/3\x their length, bracteole present, 2--3-fid. Perianth exerted
to 1/2\x its length, cylindric to cone-shaped, complicated at mouth, mouth
ciliate-dentate with teeth usually 1--3(--4) cells long. Seta ca. 3--5 mm, capsule oval, walls
5-stratose, exterior walls with nodular thickenings, interior walls with
annular thickenings, reddish brown. Elaters ca. 7--10 \um wide. Spores
(10--)12--15 \um.
Varieties
2 (2 in
the flora): North America; Central America; Eurasia.
1.
Leaf cells 1--2-stratose at base, terminal cell of antical
leaf lobe 3--4\x long as wide, plants bright green; mainly forest
communities, predominantly decaying wood . . . 3a. Schistochilopsis incisa var.
incisa
1.
Leaf cells in 2--3(--4) layers in the proximal third of leaf; terminal cell
of antical leaf lobe 1.2--1.7(--2)\x wide as long,
plants pallid; predominantly tundra belt or latitudinal zone . . . 3b. Schistochilopsis incisa var.
opacifolia
3a. Schistochilopsis
incisa (Schrader)
Konstantinova
var. incisa
Plants
bright green. Leaves
sharply spinose-dentate, 1--2-stratose at base; terminal cell in antical leaf lobe ca. 3--4\x long as wide.
Wet,
more or less shady habitats, decaying wood, soil, among and over mosses in
tundra and forest floor, bogs, slopes, over moss mats; 0--3000 m; Greenland; Alta.,
B.C., N.B., Nfld. and Labr., N.W.T., N.S., Ont., Que., Yukon; Alaska, Calif.,
Colo., Conn., Idaho, Ill., Ky., Maine, Mass., Mich., Mont., Nev., N.Mex.,
N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Oreg., Pa., R.I., Tenn., Utah, Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va.,
Wis., Wyo.; Eurasia; Central America.
3b. Schistochilopsis
incisa var.
opacifolia
(Culmann) Bakalin
Lophozia
opacifolia
Culmann, Rev. Bryol., 47: 21. 1920; Schistochilopsis opacifolia
(Culmann) Konstantinova; Lophozia incisa ssp.
opacifolia
Bisang
Plants
pallid. Leaves
weakly dentate, 2--3(--4)-stratose at base, terminal cell of antical leaf lobe 1.2--1.7(--2)\x long as wide.
Mainly
tundra zone, rarely forest zone as descended from mountain tundra belt,
frequently on moist soil in snow-bed communities and rock crevices, in Sphagnum bogs, wet moss tundra; rarely
wet cliffs in forests; 0--3500
m; Greenland; Alta., B.C., Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld), N.W.T., Nunavut, Yukon; Alaska, Calif., Colo., Mont., Oreg., Utah, Wash.; North Eurasia.
XXb
SCHISTOCHILOPSIS sect. HETEROGEMMAE
(Jørgensen) Bakalin, Bryologist
114: 313. 2011
Lophozia sect. Heterogemmae Jørgensen, Bergens Mus. Skr. s.n. 16: 1959.
1934; Lophozia
sect. Marchicae
R. M. Schuster
Plants ca. 10--20 x 1--2 mm, pale green-whitish to
nearly white. Stems commonly less than 0.4 mm wide. Leaves 2--(3--4)-lobed
with obtuse to rounded lobes not ending by a protruding, elongate cell. Specialized
asexual reproduction by ellipsoidal gemmae.
Species
2 (2 in
the flora): North America, n Eurasia.
1.
Stem ventrally purplish-black; plants of bogs . . . 5. Schistochilopsis laxa
1.
Stem ventrally same color as dorally or slightly
brownish; plants of mineral soil . . . 4. Schistochilopsis capitata
4. Schistochilopsis
capitata
(Hooker) Konstantinova, Arctoa
3: 125. 1994
Jungermannia
capitata
Hooker, Brit. Jungerm., tab. 80. 1816; Lophozia capitata (Hooker) Macoun
Plants ca. 10--20 x (1--)1.3--1.5(--2) mm
with gemmiparous attenuate shoots 0.2--0.5 mm in width, prostrate, pale green
to greenish and whitish. Stems transversely oval in cross section,
soft-textured, (0.1--)0.15--0.25(--0.35) mm in width and ca. 0.15--0.20 mm in
height, sparsely branching, transverse section without microcellous layer,
ventral side of stem not differing in color from dorsal, with no trace of
purplish pigmentation; rhizoids common, sometimes dense, in indistinct
fascicles, colorless. Leaves commonly obliquely to nearly horizontally
inserted, insertion line nearly straight, distant, spreading, flattened to
undulate and crispate, transversely oval to obtrapezoidal,
0.9--1 x 0.8--1 mm,
2(--3)-lobed, unequal lobes divided by gibbous or angled sinus descending to
1/3--2/5\x leaf length; lobes weakly to sharply dentate, acute, frequently
with some additional teeth near apex; cells of midleaf 5--polygonal, ca.
38--45 x 30--38 \um, in base up to 45 x 50 \um; cuticle smooth, walls very
thin, trigones indistinct; oil bodies 15--50 per cell, spherical, 2.4--5.4
\um, to oval, ca. 5 x 6--7 \um, nearly homogenous; underleaves absent or very
rarely large, lanceolate, the same length as leaf. Specialized asexual
reproduction by gemmae at apices of attenuate and thin shoots, pale green
to colorless, in exposed places sometimes with rose or purplish coloration,
ellipsoidal with papilla near end, 21--28 x 20--24 \um, 1-celled. Sexual
condition dioicous. Androecia intercalary, often violet tinged,
male bracts 3--5 pairs, spicate, 1--2-androus,
antheridial stalk 1--2-seriate. Gynoecia terminal, innovations absent,
female bracts in 1--2 pairs, oval to ovoid, 2--3(--3)-lobed, entire or weakly
dentate, ca. 1.7--1.9 x 2--3
mm, divided to 1/4--1/3\x their length, bracteole
present, 2-fid. Perianth exerted to 4/5\x its length, cylindric,
complicated at mouth, mouth ciliate-dentate to lobulate with teeth usually
1--3(--4) cells in length, but sometimes up to 5--10 cells in length. Seta 5--15 mm. Capsule oval, walls 3--5-stratose, exterior walls with nodular
thickenings, interior walls with annular thickenings, reddish brown. Elaters ca. 7--10
\um wide. Spores ca. 12--15 \um.
Predominantly
sandy soil, river slopes, roadsides, other native and anthropogenic areas
with disturbed vegetation cover, also pure peat, forested area, also tundra; 10--1500 m; Alta., B.C., Nfld.
and Labr. (Nfld.), N.S., Ont.; Alaska, Conn., Del., Fla., Iowa, Maine, Mass.,
Mich., Minn., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Pa.,
R.I., S.C., Vt., Wash., W.Va.; Europe.
5. Schistochilopsis
laxa
(Lindberg) Konstantinova, Arctoa,
3: 125. 1994
Jungermannia
laxa
Lindberg, Hep. Hibernia,
529. 1875; Lophozia laxa (Lindberg)
Grolle
Plants ca. 10--20 x 1.8--2 mm, pale green to greenish
and whitish. Stems transversely oval in cross section, soft-textured,
0.32--0.5 mm in width and ca. 0.3 mm in height, sparsely branching,
transverse section without microcellous layer, ventral side of stem purple to
deep violet-blackish; rhizoids sparse to common, in indistinct fascicles,
colorless. Leaves commonly obliquely to nearly horizontal inserted,
insertion line nearly straight, distant, spreading, flattened to undulate and
crispate, transversely oval to obtrapezoidal,
0.8--1 x 1.1--1.5 mm,
2--3(--4)-lobed, unequal lobes divided by gibbous or angled sinus descending
to 1/3--2/5\x leaf length; lobes weakly to sharply dentate, acute, frequently
with some additional teeth near apex; cells of midleaf 5--polygonal, ca. 38--45
x 30--38 \um, in base up to 45 x 50 \um; cuticle smooth, walls very thin,
trigones indistinct; oil bodies 30--50 per cell, spherical, 2--4 \um;
underleaves absent or rarely large, lanceolate, the same length as leaf. Specialized
asexual reproduction by gemmae at apices of attenuate and thin shoots,
pale green to colorless, in exposed places sometimes with rose coloration,
ellipsoidal with papilla near end, 21--28 x 20--24 \um, 1(--2)-celled. Sexual
condition dioicous. Androecia intercalary, often violet tinged,
male bracts 3--5 pairs, spicate, 1--2-androus,
antheridial stalk 1--2-seriate. Gynoecia terminal, innovations absent,
female bracts in 1--2 pairs, oval to ovoid, 2--3(--3)-lobed, entire or weakly
dentate, ca. 1.7--1.9 x 2--3
mm, divided to 1/4--1/3\x their length, bracteole
present, 2-fid. Perianth exerted to 4/5\x its length, cylindric,
complicated at mouth, mouth ciliate-dentate to lobulate with teeth usually
1--3(4) cells long, but sometimes up to 5--10 cells in length. Seta 5--15 mm. Capsule oval, walls 3--5-stratose, exterior walls with nodular
thickenings, interior walls with annular thickenings, reddish brown. Elaters
ca. 8 \um wide. Spores ca. 13--16(--18) \um.
Usually
Sphagnum mires, very rarely on Sphagnum in open boggy coniferous forest,
peat in bog; elevation unknown; B.C., Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.), N.S., Nunavut,
Ont.; Alaska, Conn., Maine, Mass., Mich., Minn., N.H.,
N.J., N.Y., Oreg., Vt.; Eurasia.
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