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BFNA Title: Liochlaena XX. LIOCHLAENA
Nees, Syn. Hepat., 150 1844 [Greek, leios, smooth, and chlaina, cover, alluding
to perianth not folded distally] Vadim Bakalin Plants 10--40 mm x
2--3(--5) mm, mostly prostrate, rarely ascending (perianthous plants), pale
green, yellowish green to deep green, blackish in very wet places, rarely
tinted orange, loosely adhering to the substrate by tawny rhizoids. Branching intercalary. Rhizoids often dense, colorless to
yellowish or brownish, never red or purplish. Leaves contiguous, inserted at 30--40° with stem, but near apex
of perianthous plants leaves subtransversely inserted, dorsally shortly but
distinctly decurrent, ventrally inserted subtransversely, insertion line
arched, not decurrent; leaves obliquely lingulate to oval, frequently retuse
in larger leaves, sheathing the stem proximally, erect-flattened distally;
midleaf cells with walls thin to slightly thickened, walls yellowish to
colorless, trigones moderate in size, mostly concave, rarely slightly convex;
cuticle verrucose, sometimes indistinctly so. Specialized asexual reproduction by gemmae, very rare,
ellipsoidal to shortly fusiform, 2-celled.
Sexual condition paroicous or dioicous. Androecia below perianth or in separate branches, of 1--13 pairs
of bracts, oblique-lingulate, slightly larger than sterile leaves, strongly
inflated near the base, antheridia 1--3 per bract. Perianth terminal on main axis, cylindric to clavate, abruptly
constricted to the beaked mouth, apex often concave with beak projecting from
the concavity, surface smooth, emergent from bracts for 1/2--3/4 times the
perianth length. Capsule oblong-ellipsoidal,
wall 2-layered. Elaters 2-spiral,
ca. 8--10 \um in width. Spores
12--14 \um, verrucose. Species 2; North
America, Eurasia, Pacific Islands. Liochlaena includes two closely
related species sometimes regarded as subspecies of one species. The main
distinctions are in inflorescence type, gemmae production and (to a lesser
degree) in mid leaf cell size. Liochlaena
subulata is distributed mostly in Asia, but area of L. lanceolata mostly confined to Europe and North America. SELECTED
REFERENCES Grolle, R. 1966. Die Typisierung von Jungermannia L. und
Jungermannia lanceolata L. Taxon 15: 186--191. Váňa, J. 1973. Studien über die
Jungermannioideae (Hepaticae). 3. Jungermannia
subg.Liochlaena. Folia Geobot.
Phytotax.. 8: 397--416. Váňa J. and W. S. Hong. 1999. The genus Jungermannia in western North America.
Lindbergia 24: 133--144. 1. Plants
paroicous, freely fertile, gemmae virtually absent or very rare, midleaf
cells 35--65 x 30--45 \um … 1. Liochlaena lanceolata 1. Plants
dioicous, rarely fertile, gemmae common, midleaf cells 25--40 x 25--35\um …
2. Liochlaena subulata 1. Liochlaena lanceolata Nees, Nat. Pflanzenfam., 150. 1845 Jungermannia leiantha Grolle Midleaf cells 35--65 x 30--45
\um . Oil bodies (4--)6--11(--14)
per cell, spheric or oblong, 5--13 x 5--7 \um. Gemmae very rare, ellipsoidal. Sexual condition paroicous;
frequently fertile. Androecia below
perianth, with 1--5 pairs of bracts. Shaded soil,
decaying wood, forests, mostly coniferous; 0--3500 m; Alta., B.C., Nfld. and
Labr., Ont., Que., Ala.; Alaska, Ariz., Calif., Colo., Conn., Idaho, Ill.,
Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., Maine, Mass., Mich., Minn., Mont., Nev., N.H., N.J.,
N.Y., N.C., Oreg., R.I., Tenn., Utah, Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis., Wyo.;
Eurasia. Liochlaena lanceolata has long been classified under the name Jungermannia lanceolata L. According to Grolle (1966), the type of
this name is a different species (i.e. Jungermannia
atrovirens Dumort.), and it is not correct to apply it to Liochlaena lanceolata. The chromosome
number is 16--18. 2. Liochlaena subulata (A. Evans) Schljakov, Pečen. Mkhi severa SSSR, 71. 1981 Jungermannia subulata A. Evans, Trans. Connect. Acad. Arts Sci. 8: 258. 1892 Jungermannia lanceolata ssp. stephanii
Amakawa Journ. Hattori Bot. Lab. 22: 71. 1960 Midleaf cells 25--40 x
25--35\um. Oil-bodies 6--8 per
cell, spheric or oblong, 5--17 x 5--7 \um. Gemmae ellipsoidal to shortly fusiform colorless to brownish,
commonly present on specialized attenuate shoots with scale-like, eroded
leaves. Sexual condition dioicous. Rarely fertilized. Androecia in separate branches,
semispicate, intercalary, with 3--12 pairs of bracts. Moist decaying
wood, wet soil; ~500-1500; Minn., Miss.; Eurasia, Pacific Islands. The chromosome
number of Liochlaena subulate is 9. |
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