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BFNA Title: Cinclidium |
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Edit Level R
XXX. CINCLIDIUM Swartz, J. für Bot. 1801(1):
25. 1803 * [Greek cinclid,
a lattice, adverting to the segments of the endostome]
S. G. Newmaster Plants
large, in tufts with dark rhizoids, macronemata
elongate, extending up the stem. Stems erect, simple or branching before
the apex. Stem and branch leaves similar, erect-spreading or recurved, oval to obovate,
acute to rounded and often apiculate; margins
entire, 1-stratose, bordered by linear cells,
elongated macronemata arranged in rows; costa single, dark, percurrent
or ending in apiculus; distal cells
rounded-hexagonal, smooth, thick-walled, pitted, alar
cells not differentiated. Sexual condition synoicous
or dioicous.
Seta single, elongate. Capsule
pendent, oblong or broadly pyriform with a short
neck; annulus deciduous; operculum hemispheric; peristome
short and blunt, greenish yellow; endostome yellow-brown, dome-shaped, the segments
keeled and alternate with shorter exostome teeth, rupturing at maturity by
perforations. Calyptra cucullate. Spores
spherical, 30--70 \um. Species 4 (4 in the flora): circumpolar. Cinclidium is
distinguished from other genera in Mniaceae by the fused, dome-shaped endostome supported by
keeled segments, leaves abruptly cuspidate, and elongated rhizoids that
extend up the stem. Although Rhizomnium is similar with an entire margin, it is
differentiated by the inner peristome that is not
fused or dome shaped and the rounded macronemata that
are arranged in bundles. All four species of Cinclidium are easy to
distinguish using gametophytic characters. SELECTED REFERENCE Mogensen,
G. S. 1973. A revision of the moss genus Cinclidium Sw.
(Mniaceae Mitt.). Lindbergia.
2: 49--80. 1. Plants synoicous; seta long, 40--70 mm; leaves long, 3.5--6 mm. 2. Leaves elliptic to obovate,
acuminate, ending in a sharp red apiculus; cells
elongate-hexagonal, in diagonal rows, 70--110 \um; leaf margin 1-stratose; capsules 2--3 mm ………………….……. 1.
Cinclidium stygium 2. Leaves broadly ovate to spatulate,
bluntly obtuse, ending in a short broad apiculus; cells hexagonal, not in diagonal
rows, 40--60 \um; leaf margin 2- to multistratose; capsules
1.5--2.5 mm …..…. 2. Cinclidium subrotundum 1. Plants dioicous; seta short, 15--40 mm; leaves shorter, 2.5--3.5 mm. 3. Leaves oval, shortly acute, margins slightly
recurved;
cells isodiametric,
30--50 \um………………….………. 3.
Cinclidium arcticum 3. Leaves nearly circular, shortly obtuse,
margins strongly recurved;
cells elongate-hexagonal, 70--90 \um ………………………….. 4. Cinclidium latifolium 1. Cinclidium stygium Swartz, J. für
Bot. 1801(1): 27, plate 2. 1803 Plants
large, in dark reddish-green, red-brown or black tufts, 3--8 (--13) cm
tall. Leaves 3.5--6 mm, crowded in stem apex and distant near base, erect spreading, contorted when
dry, acuminate, elliptic to obovate, decurrent leaf base short and broad; margins plane or
weakly revolute, entire; costa percurrent
or ending in a sharp red apiculus; cells
elongate-hexagonal, in diagonal rows, 70--110 x 25--40 \um, smooth, thick
walled, pitted, marginal cells long, narrow, 1-stratose,
in 3-4 rows, forming a distinctive red border. Sexual
condition synoicous. Seta
40--70 mm, flexuose, yellow-brown. Capsule
2--3 mm, pendent, oblong or broadly pyriform with a
short neck. Spores 25--70 \um. Capsules mature summer. Fens, alpine seeps,
shore-line pools along the Great Lakes; low to moderate elevations;
Greenland; Alta., B.C., Man., Nfld.
and Labrador, N.W.T., Nunavut, Ont., Que., Sask.,
Yukon; Alaska, Maine, Mich., Mont., N.Y., Wyo.; South America; Europe; Asia. Cinclidium stygium is
distinguished from other species of Cinclidium by the 1-stratose
leaf border, longer leaf cells and the synoicous
sexual condition. Cinclidium
stygium is similar to Rhizomnium punctatum, which is distinguished by a strongly
defined, 2- to multistratose leaf border, and blunt,
not apiculate leaves. It occurs among mosses (Campylium stellatum, Scorpidium scorpioides, Pseudocalliergon trifarium, Paludella squarrosa and Sphagnum
warnstorfii) and sedges in seeps and streams that drain fens. 2. Cinclidium subrotundum Lindberg, Bot.
Not. 1868: 72. 1868 Plants
large, in green, red-brown or black tufts, 3--8(--12) cm. Leaves
3.5--6 mm, erect spreading, contorted when dry, bluntly obtuse, broadly
ovate to spatulate; margins plane or weakly
revolute, entire; costa percurrent
or ending in a short, broad apiculus; cells
hexagonal, 40--60 x 25--35 \um, smooth, thick walled, pitted; marginal cells
long, narrow, 2-stratose, in 3--4 rows, forming a
distinctive reddish brown border. Sexual condition synoicous. Seta
40--60 mm, flexuose, yellow-brown. Capsule 1.5--2.5 mm, pendent, oblong or
broadly pyriform with a short neck. Spores 25--70 \um. Capsules mature summer. Northern fens and along
river banks; low to moderate elevations; Greenland; Alta., B.C., Cinclidium subrotundum is distinguished
from other species of Cinclidium by the broadly ovate to spatulate leaves, 2-stratose
leaf border, broad apiculus, short capsule and synoicous sexual condition. Cinclidium stygium and Cinclidium subrotundum
have tetraploid sporophytes
(4n = 56). These species are easy to tell apart using vegetative characters. 3. Cinclidium arcticum (Bruch & Schimper) Schimper, Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 1846:
143. 1848 Mnium arcticum Bruch
& Schimper, Bryol. Eur. 4: 203, plate 386 (fasc.
31 Mon. Suppl. 1: 1. 1). 1846 Plants
large, in red-brown or black tufts, 3--6(--12) cm. Leaves
2.5--3.5 mm, erect, contorted when dry, shortly acute, narrow, oval, decurrent leaf base narrow and long; margins slightly reflexed, entire; costa percurrent or ending in red apiculus;
cells rounded-hexagonal, 30--50 x 25--35 \um, smooth, thick-walled, pitted,
marginal cells long, narrow, thick-walled, 1-stratose,
in 2--3 rows, forming a distinctive red-brown border. Sexual
condition dioicous. Seta
15--40 mm, flexuose, red to reddish brown. Capsule
2--3 mm, pendent, oblong or broadly pyriform with a
short neck, brown; peristome yellow; endostome
brown. Spores 25--70 \um. Capsules mature summer. Circumpolar Arctic and
Antarctic calciphile of fens and marshes; low to
moderate elevations; Greenland; B.C., Man., N.W.T.,
N.S., Nunavut, Yukon; Alaska; Europe; Asia;
Antarctic. Cinclidium arcticum is distinguished
from other species of Cinclidium by 1-stratose
leaf border, leaves that are always longer than wide, with shorter leaf cells,
and dioicous sexual condition. 4. Cinclidium latifolium Lindberg,
Bot. Not. 1877: 43. 1877 Plants
large, in red-brown or black tufts, 3--6(--12) cm. Leaves
2.5--3 mm, reflexed, contorted when dry,
obtuse, nearly circular; margins strongly recurved,
entire; costa percurrent
or ending in a sharp apiculus; cells
elongate-hexagonal, 70--90 x 20--30 \um, smooth, thick-walled, pitted,
marginal cells long, narrow, 1-stratose, in 2--3
rows, forming a distinct border. Sexual condition dioicous. Seta
15--40 mm, flexuose, red to reddish brown. Capsule
2--3 mm, pendent, oblong or broadly pyriform with a
short thick neck; Spores 25--50
\um. Capsules mature summer. Wet tundra soils and peat;
Greenland; From other species of Cinclidium, C. latifolium
is distinguished by circular leaves with 1-stratose
leaf margin, strongly recurved leaf border, and dioicous sexual condition. Cinclidium latifolium and C. arcticum chromosome counts (2n = 14)
are half that of C. stygium
and C. subrotundum
(2n = 28). |