|
BFNA Title: Cinclidium |
|
CINCLIDIUM -
Mniaceae
XXX. CINCLIDIUM Swartz, J. für die Bot. 1801(1): 25. 1803 * [Alluding to the endostome,
as if supported by pillars]
S. G. Newmaster Plants 3--8(--13) cm, in green, dark
red-green, red-brown, or black tufts. Stems
erect, simple or branching before the apex; rhizoids dark brown, numerous
proximally, often matted. Leaves crowded
distally and distant proximally, contorted when dry, erect-spreading or
reflexed to arcuate-recurved when wet, elliptic to obovate, 3.5--6 mm,
decurrent leaf base short and broad or narrow and long; margins plane or
weakly recurved, entire, bordered by 1- to multistratose, linear, reddish
cells in 2--4 rows; apices acute to rounded, often apiculate; costa
percurrent or excurrent as a sharp, red apiculus; distal and medial cells rounded
hexagonal, 70--110 x 25--40 \um, sometimes in diagonal rows, smooth,
thick-walled, pitted; alar cells undifferentiated. Specialized asexual reproduction absent. Sexual condition synoicous or dioicous. Seta single, yellow-brown, 40--70 mm, flexuose. Capsule pendent, oblong or broadly
pyriform with a short neck, 2--3 mm; annulus deciduous; operculum
hemispheric; peristome short and blunt, greenish yellow; endostome
yellow-brown, dome-shaped, fused at apex, rupturing at maturity into
perforations and keeled segments that alternate with the shorter exostome
teeth. Calyptra cucullate. Spores spherical, 25--70 \um. Species 4 (4
in flora): Circumpolar. Cinclidium is distinguished from other genera in
the Mniaceae by the fused,
dome-shaped endostome supported by keeled segments, leaves abruptly
cuspidate, and the positioning of the elongated rhizoids that extend up the
stem. All four species of Cinclidium are easy to distinguish
using gametophyte characters. Cinclidium
arcticum and C. latifolium have diploid sporophytes
(n=7), whereas C. stygium and C. subrotundum have
tetraploid sporophytes (n=14). SELECTED
REFERENCE: Mogensen, G. S. 1973. A
revision of the moss genus Cinclidium
Sw. (Mniaceae Mitt.). Lindbergia. 2: 49--80. 1. Plants synoicous; seta 40--70 mm; leaves
3.5--6 mm. 2. Leaves elliptic to obovate, and acuminate, margins
1-stratose, ending in a sharp, red apiculus; distal laminal cells
elongate-hexagonal, in diagonal rows, 70--110 \um; capsules 2--3
mm……………………………………. 1. Cinclidium
stygium 2. Leaves broadly ovate to spatulate and
rounded-obtuse, margins bi-multistratose, ending in a broad, colorless
apiculus; distal laminal cells
hexagonal, not in diagonal rows, 40--60 \um; leaf ; capsules 1.5--2.5
mm….…..…. 2. Cinclidium
subrotundum 1. Plants dioicous; seta 15--40 mm; leaves 2.5--3.5 mm. 3. Leaves ovate, short-acute, slightly
reflexed; distal laminal cells rounded, 30--50 \um …………………………………………………. 3.
Cinclidium arcticum 3. Leaves ovate to round, obtuse, strongly
reflexed to arcuate-recurved; distal laminal cells elongate-hexagonal, 70--90
\um……………….. 4. Cinclidium latifolium 1.
Cinclidium stygium Swartz,
J. für die Bot. 1801(1): 27, plate 2. 1803 Plants 3--8(--13) cm, in dark red-green,
red-brown, or black tufts. Leaves spreading
when wet, elliptic to obovate, 3.5--6 mm, decurrent leaf base short and
broad; margins plane or weakly recurved, 1-stratose, in 3--4 rows; apices
acuminate; costa percurrent or excurrent as a sharp, red apiculus; distal and
medial laminal cells elongate-hexagonal, 70--110 x 25--40 \um, in diagonal
rows. Sexual condition synoicous. Seta yellow-brown, 40--70 mm. Capsule 2--3 mm. Spores 25--70 \um. Capsules
mature summer. Fens, alpine seeps and in shore-line pools along the Great
Lakes; low to moderate elevations; Greenland; Alta., B.C., Man., Nfld. and Labrador, N.W.T., Nunavut,
Ont., Que., Sask., Yukon; Alaska, Maine, Mich., Mont., N.Y., Wyo.; South
America; Europe; Asia. Cinclidium stygium
is found growing among
mosses (Amblystegium stellatum, Scorpidium scorpioides,
Calliergon trifarium, Paludella squarrosa, and Sphagnum warnstorfii) and sedges in seeps and streams that drain
fens. It is similar to Rhizomnium
punctatum, which is distinguished by a strongly defined, 2- to
multistratose leaf border and blunt, non-apiculate, leaves. 2.
Cinclidium subrotundum
Lindberg, Bot. Not. 1868: 72. 1868 Plants 3--8(--12) cm, in green, red-brown, or
black tufts. Leaves erect-spreading
when wet, broadly ovate to spatulate, 3.5--6 mm, decurrent leaf base
asymmetric, short and narrow; margins plane or weakly recurved, 2-stratose,
in 3--4 rows; apices bluntly obtuse; costa percurrent or excurrent as a
short, broad apiculus; distal and medial laminal cells hexagonal, 40--60 x
25--35 \um, not in diagonal rows. Sexual
condition synoicous. Seta
yellow-brown, 40--60 mm. Capsule 1.5--2.5
mm. Spores 25--70 \um. Capsules
mature summer. Northern fens and along river banks; low to moderate
elevations; Greenland; Alta., B.C., Man.,
Nfld. and Labrador, N.W.T., Nunavut, Que., Yukon; Alaska, Mich.; Europe. 3.
Cinclidium arcticum (Bruch & Schimp.) Schimper, Kongl. Vetenskaps
Academiens Handlingar 1846: 143. 1848 Mnium arcticum
Bruch
& Schimper, Bryologia Europaea 4: 203. 386 (fasc. 31 Mon. Suppl. 1: 1.
1). 1846 Plants 3--6(--12) cm, in red-brown or black
tufts. Leaves erect-spreading when
wet, narrowly ovate, 2.5--3.5 mm, decurrent leaf base narrow and long;
margins slightly recurved, 1-stratose, in 2--3 rows; apices acuminate; costa
percurrent or excurrent as a sharp, red apiculus; distal and medial laminal
cells rounded hexagonal, 30--50 x 25--35 \um, not in diagonal rows. Sexual condition dioicous. Seta red to reddish-brown, 15--40 mm.
Capsule 2--3 mm. Spores 25--70 \um. Capsules
mature summer. Calciphilic, northern fens and marshes; low to moderate
elevations; Greenland; B.C., Man., N.W.T., N.S., Nunavut, Yukon; Alaska;
Europe; Asia; Antarctic. 4. Cinclidium latifolium Lindberg, Botaniska Notiser 1877: 43.
1877 Plants 3--6(--12) cm, in red-brown or black
tufts. Leaves reflexed to arcuate-recurved when wet,
nearly circular or broadly ovate, 2.5--3 mm, decurrent leaf base very short
and broad; margins strongly recurved, 1-stratose, in 2--3 rows; apices
shortly obtuse; costa percurrent or excurrent as a sharp apiculus; distal and
medial laminal cells elongate-hexagonal, 70--90 x 20--30 \um, in diagonal
rows. Sexual condition dioicous. Seta red to reddish-brown, 15--40 mm.
Capsule 2--3 mm. Spores 25--50 \um. Wet tundra
soils and peat; Greenland; |