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BFNA Title: Hypopterygiaceae |
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XX.
HYPOPTERYGIACEAE Mitten Richard H. Zander Plants medium-sized to large, mat-forming, primary
stem stoloniform, creeping, secondary stems often dendroid, often
much-branching. Stems brownish green, hyalodermis and
sclerodemis not differentiated, central strand commonly strong. Branches complanate-foliate,
dorsiventral. Leaves dimorphic,
the dorsal or lateral larger, in two rows, somewhat asymmetric, the ventral
smaller, symmetric; leaves ovate, oblong or lingulate, commonly bordered with
differentiated cells; margins serrulate or entire, occasionally dentate or
ciliate; costa single, sub-percurrent; laminal cells rounded-rhombic to hexagonal,
papillae absent [lumens 1-papillose]. Sexual
condition dioicous, sometimes autoicous or heteroicous. Seta elongate [short], straight or
curved, smooth. Capsule cylindric
[subglobose, ovoid], usually inclined; operculum rostrate; peristome teeth
16, double [exostome occasionally absent], exostome usually cross-striolate,
medially furrowed or with a zigzag line, trabeculae well developed; cilia
well developed or absent. Calyptra cucullate
or conic-cucullate [mitrate]. Genera 4(--8),
species 9(--26) (1 genus, 1 species in the flora): worldwide in tropical and
warm temperate regions, apparently introduced in SELECTED
REFERENCES Kruijer, J. D. 2002.
Hypopterygiaceae of the World. Blumea Suppl. 13: 1--388. 1.
HYPOPTERYGIUM Bridel, Bryol. Univ. 2: 709. 1827 * [Greek hypos, below, and pterygium,
small wing, alluding to underleaves] Plants pale green, pinnate, flabellate,
palmate, or umbellate; terminal cell of axillary hairs of equal throughout
plant. Stem branched, lacking
rudimentary branches; stipe cavities absent. Specialized asexual reproduction absent. Leaves with acute or acuminate apices; margins entire to dentate,
never ciliate, bordered by 1--2 rows of long-rhomboidal cells; costa of
lateral frond leaves ending before the apex; laminal cells rhomboidal,
prosenchymatous, walls thin or weakly incrassate. Sexual condition autoicous. Seta
elongate, smooth. Capsule horizontal. Species
19(--55) (2 in the flora): North America, Central America, South America,
Europe, Asia, Africa, Pacific Islands (including New Zealand), Indian Ocean
Islands, Australia. 1. Dorsal
frond leaves present on basal portion of stipe, stipe and basal frond leaves
in 8 rows; paraphyses absent . . . 1. Hypopterygium
flavolimbatum 1. Dorsal
frond leaves lacking on stipe, stipe and basal frond leaves in three or
eleven or more rows; paraphyses present . . . 2. Hypopterygium tamarisci
1. Hypopterygium flavolimbatum Müller Hal., Syn. Musc. Frond. 2: 10.
1850 Hypopterygium canadense Kindberg; H. fauriei Bescherelle Plants 1--2.5(--3) cm. Leaves of stipe and basal fronds in eight rows, to 0.9 mm; dorsal
frond leaves present on basal portion of stipe; distal stipe leaves 1.2--1.7(--2)
mm, often asymmetric, entire to evenly serrate in distal 1/4--1/2; ovate to very
short-acuminate; costa short or reaching to 4/5\x leaf length. Perichaetia lacking paraphyses. Seta 1--1.5(--2.5) cm, smooth or
weakly papillose distally. Capsule
1--1.5 mm; operculum rostrate, 1.2--1.5 mm. Limy humus,
limestone, outcrops, cliffs, small cavern, moist, shady forests, Pacific
coastal islands; 0--100 m; B.C.; Alaska; Asia. Hypopterygium flavolimbatum is a small but striking moss, with
erect, bright green fronds of neatly arranged dimorphic leaves. 2. Hypopterygium tamarisci (Swartz) Bridel ex Müller Hall., Syn.
Musc. Frond. 2: 8. 1850 Hypnum tamarisci Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occid. 3: 1825. 1806 Limestone
sink; 0 m; Fld.; Mexico; West Indies; Central America; South America, c
Africa, se Asia; Indian Ocean Islands; Pacific Ocean Islands. Plants 2.5--4 cm. Leaves of stipe and basal fronds in 3 or 11 or more rows, 1--1.5
mm; dorsal frond leaves absent from stipe; distal stipe leaves 0.8--1 mm,
asymmetric, serrate in distal 1/2; ovate; costa short or reaching 1/2--2/3\x
leaf length. Perichaetia with paraphyses.
Seta ca. 1.5 cm, smooth. Capsule ca. 1 mm; operculum long-rostrate,
ca. 1.5 mm. Hypopterygium tamarisci,
of pan-tropical distribution, was reported once from SELECTED
REFERENCES Diddel, M. W. and E. M. Shields. 1943. A moss new to |
