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BFNA Title: Pylaisia |
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Hypnaceae
- Pylaisia XX.
PYLAISIA Schimper in P. Bruch, W. P. Schimper & W. T. Gümbel, Bryol.
Eur. 5(46--47): 87. 1851, conserved bane * [For A. J. M. Bachelot de la
Pylaie, 1786--1856, French Bryologist] Tomotsugu Arikawa Pylaisiella Kindberg
ex Grout Plants
small to large, in low, yellowish to whitish green, shiny mats. Stems
creeping, terete to flattened, regularly or irregularly pinnately branched,
central strand present, small, without hyalodermis; branches complanate to
subjulaceous, usually creeping, sometimes ascending; pseudoparaphyllia
foliose, triangular to semicircular, dentate.
Stem leaves straight to
falcate, broadly ovate-lanceolate to narrowly oblong-lanceolate; costa short
and double or indistinct; medial laminal cells linear or linear-rhomboidal,
smooth; alar regions somewhat or broadly differentiated, extending upwards along
leaf margins; alar cells subquadrate to rectangular, homogeneous. Branch
leaves smaller or almost the same size, narrowly ovate- to
oblong-lanceolate. Sexual condition
autoicous. Inner perichaetial leaves erect, oblong-lanceolate, irregularly
but distinctly serrulate at the shoulders or slightly serrulate only
distally, more or less plicate, sometimes involute. Seta
smooth, sinistrorsely twisted basally, dextrorsely twisted distally when dry;
capsules erect, oblong-cylindric to ovoid; operculum conic to rostrate,
obliquely short- to rather long-acute or obtuse; stomata phaneropore, few, on
base of neck; exothecial cells rounded-rectangular or variously shaped. Peristome
perfect to reduced, hygroscopic, incurved when dry, erect when wet; exostome
teeth 16, lance-subulate to blunt, distinctly lamellate, smooth basally,
sometimes roughly papillose distally on the outer surface, closely
trabeculate on the inner surface; endostome free or adherent to exostome
teeth, with a basal membrane, segments keeled, perforate or not, sometimes
2-fid, or fragmentary, cilia rudimentary.
Spores spherical [or
somewhat tetrapozoidal by endosporic protonemata], papillose. Calyptra
cucullate, smooth, split to near the apex. Species
16 (4 in the flora): North America, Central America, South America ( SELECTED
REFERENCES Ando, H. and M. Higuchi.
1987. Pylaisiella steerei (Hypnaceae), a new moss species from 1.
Endostome segments free, deeply keeled, neither 2-fid nor perforate; spores
usually small, less than 16 \um; stem leaves usually long, more than 1.3 mm. 2.
Branches subjulaceous; stem and branch leaves slightly differentiated; stem
leaves substraight; subquadrate alar cells of stem leaves 5--12(--15) along
the margins; endostome extending 0.30--0.38 mm beyond the mouth..........1. Pylaisia polyantha 2.
Branches more or less complanate, only partly subjulaceous and scarcely
curved; stem and branch leaves more markedly differentiated and usually
falcate; subquadrate alar cells of stem leaves 10--15(--18), along the
margins; endostome extending 0.38--0.50 mm beyond the mouth..........2. Pylaisia steerei 1
Endostome segments wholly or partially adherent to exostome teeth, 2-fid or
fragmentary; spores usually large, more than 16 \um; stem leaves usually
short, less than 1.2 mm. 3.
Bifid endostome segments free distally; stems regularly and densely pinnately
branched; subquadrate alar cells of
branch leaves numerous, 20--25 along the margins............3. Pylaisia selwynii 3.
Bifid endostome segments wholly adherent; stems irregularly pinnately
branched; subquadrate alar cells of branch leaves few, 6--12 along the
margins.............4. Pylaisia
intricata 1. Pylaisia polyantha
(Hedwig) P. Bruch, W. P. Schimper & W. T. Gümbel, Bryol. Eur. 5(46--47):
88. 1851 (‘Pylaisaea’) Leskea polyantha Hedwig,
Sp. Musc. Frond., 229. 1801; Isothecium
polyanthum (Hedwig) Spruce; Pterogonium polyanthos (Hedwig) G. H.
E. Muhlenberg; Pylaisia cyrtophylla
Kindberg; P. denticulata Schimper
ex Sullivant; P. filari-acuminata Müller
Hal. & Kindberg; P. jamesii
Sullivant & Lesquereux; P.
ontariensis Müller Hal. & Kindberg; P. polyantha var. jamesii
(Sullivant & Lesquereux) Rau & Hervey; P. polyantha var. subdenticulata
(Schimper) Rau & Hervey; P. pseudoplatygyrium Kindberg; P. subdenticulata Schimper; P. suttonii Jennings; Pylaisiella polyantha (Hedwig) Grout;
P. subdenticulata (Schimper) Grout;
Stereodon polyanthos (Hedwig)
Mitten; S. subdenticulatus
(Schimper) Mitten Plants
rather small, in low yellowish or whitish green, shiny mats. Stems
prostrate, to 2 cm, yellowish brown, terete to flattened, somewhat regularly
pinnately branched; branches subjulaceous, to 10 mm, usually creeping, only
rarely ascending and curved;
pseudoparaphyllia foliose, triangular, long-acuminate, dentate. Stem
and branch leaves slightly differentiated. Stem
leaves nearly straight, ovate-lanceolate, gradually narrowed to a long
acumen, 1.3--2.0 x 0.4--0.5 mm, concave, slightly plicate; margins plane,
sometimes slightly involute distally, subentire to serrulate distally; costa
short and double; median laminal cells linear, 50--80 x 4--5 \um, smooth;
alar cells subquadrate to rectangular, homogeneous, 8--10 along the margins,
in 5--8 rows. Branch leaves rather shorter, narrowly ovate-lanceolate, 1.1--1.4
x 0.3--0.5 mm. Inner perichaetial
leaves erect, to 1.4 mm long, oblong-lanceolate, suddenly narrowed to a
short acumen, irregularly but distinctly serrulate at the shoulders, more or
less plicate. Seta yellowish or reddish brown, 10--18 mm, sinistrorsely twisted
in basal 3/4--4/5 and dextrorsely twisted in distal 1/4--1/5 when dry;
capsules erect, reddish brown, oblong-cylindric, somewhat widened at base,
1.6--2.2 mm excluding operculum, 0.4--0.6 mm wide; operculum conic, obliquely
short-pointed; exothecial cells rounded-rectangular, uniformly
thin-walled. Peristome perfect, rather long; exostome teeth lance-subulate,
ca. 0.2 mm, ca. 70 \um wide at base, smooth basally, slightly papillose
distally on the outer surface; endostome free, with a well-developed basal
membrane, segments linear-subulate, longer than exostome teeth, ca. 0.3 mm,
papillose distally, keeled but not perforate, never split, cilia simple,
rudimentary. Spores 11--14 \um, slightly papillose. Tree
trunks; low to high elevations; Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr.,
N.W.T., N.S., Nunavut, Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask., Yukon; Ala., Alaska, Ariz.,
Colo., Conn., D.C., Ill., Iowa, Ky., Maine, Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo.,
Mont., Nebr., N.H., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., N.C., N.Dak., Ohio, Pa., R.I.,
S.Dak., Tex., Vt., Va., Wis.; Mexico; Europe; Asia (Russia). Pylaisia polyantha is
the type species of the genus. It is the most widely distributed of the
species and is remarkably variable.
More than 20 varietal taxa have been described, but they are yet to be
revised (T. Arikawa 2004). 2. Pylaisia steerei (Ando & Higuchi)
Ignatov, Arctoa 10: 174. 2001 Pylaisiella steerei
Ando & Higuchi, Mem. Plants
small, in low yellowish or whitish green, shiny mats. Stems
prostrate, to 2 cm, yellowish brown, terete, regularly pinnately branched;
branches more or less complanate, partly subjulaceous, to 5 mm, usually
creeping, only rarely ascending and curved;
pseudoparaphyllia foliose, triangular, long acuminate, dentate. Stem
and branch leaves rather well differentiated. Stem
leaves substraight to falcate, broadly ovate-lanceolate, gradually
narrowed to a long acumen, 1.4--1.6 x 0.4--0.65 mm, concave, not plicate;
margins plane, sometimes slightly involute distally, subentire to serrulate
distally; costa short and double; median laminal cells linear, 40--60 x 4--5
\um, smooth; alar cells subquadrate to rectangular, homogeneous,
comparatively numerous, 10--15 along the margins, in 5--10 rows. Branch
leaves smaller, narrowly ovate- to oblong-lanceolate, 1.2--1.4 x 0.3--0.5
mm. Inner perichaetial leaves
erect, oblong-lanceolate, suddenly narrowed to a short acumen, irregularly
but distinctly serrulate at the shoulders, more or less plicate. Seta
yellowish or reddish brown, 7--11 mm, smooth, sinistrorsely twisted basally
and dextrorsely twisted distally when dry; capsules erect, reddish-brown,
oblong-cylindric, somewhat widened at base, 1.1--1.9 mm excluding operculum,
0.4--0.6 mm wide; operculum conic, obliquely short-pointed; exothecial cells
rounded-rectangular, uniformly thin-walled.
Peristome perfect, rather
long; exostome teeth lance-subulate, ca. 0.3 mm, 80 \um wide at base, smooth
basally, roughly papillose distally; endostome free, with a well developed
basal membrane, segments linear-subulate, longer than exostome teeth,
papillose distally, keeled but not perforate, never split; cilia simple,
rudimentary. Spores 15--18 \um, finely papillose. Rotten
logs and base of tree trunks, forest, moderate to high elevations; Pylaisia steerei
is the closest relative of P. polyantha. H. Ando and M. Higuchi (1987) provided full
illustration, SEM micrographs of the peristome, and a detailed discussion of
this species. It is known from only
three localities in 3. Pylaisia selwynii
Kindberg, Ottawa Naturalist 2: 156. 1889 (“-i”) Pylaisiella selwynii (Kindberg)
H. A. Crum, Steere & L. E. Anderson; Pylaisia
schimperi Cardot Plants
small, in yellowish to whitish green, shiny mats. Stems
creeping, to 2 cm, yellowish brown, terete to flattened, regularly and
densely pinnately branched; branches subjulaceous, to 3 mm, ascending and
strongly curved. Pseudoparaphyllia foliose, triangular, strongly dentate. Stem
and branch leaves secund. Stem leaves almost straight, broadly
ovate-lanceolate, rather suddenly narrowed into a rather short acumen,
cordate at base, 0.9--1.2 x 0.5--0.6 mm, not concave, not plicate; margins
plane, sometimes slightly incurved distally, subentire to serrulate distally;
costa short and double or indistinct; median laminal cells linear, rather
short, 25--45 x 4.3--7.0 \um, smooth; alar cells subquadrate to rectangular,
homogeneous, comparatively numerous, 20--25 along the margins, in 6--10 rows. Branch
leaves smaller, narrower, oblong-lanceolate, 0.7--0.9 x 0.25--0.30
mm. Inner perichaetial leaves erect, oblong-lanceolate, to 1.6 mm,
more longly acuminate than stem leaves; costa double and short or
indistinct. Seta yellowish or reddish brown, 10--15 mm, sinistrorsely twisted
in basal half and dextrorsely twisted in distal half when dry; capsules erect
to suberect, reddish brown, oblong-ovoid, 1.0--1.6 mm excluding operculum,
0.6 mm wide; operculum conic; exothecial cells variable in shape,
thin-walled. Peristome with exostome teeth lanceolate, 0.15--0.20 mm, 45--50
\um wide at base, surface smooth basally, finely papillose distally;
endostome adherent to exostome teeth except distally; segments keeled and
split; 2-fid segment and cilia united and adherent to inner surface of
exostome teeth, with developed basal membrane except in upper 1/2 to 1/3;
inner surface of endostome roughly and finely papillose. Spores
spherical, 16--25 \um, slightly papillose. Tree
trunks; moderate to high elevations; N.B., Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.), N.W.T.,
N.S., Ont., Que., Yukon; Ala., Alaska, Ariz., Ark., Conn., Del., D.C., Fla.,
Ga., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Mo., N.H.,
N.J., N.Y., N.C., N.Dak., Ohio, Pa., Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis.; Mexico; Asia (sw
China, Japan, Russia). Pylaisia selwynii
is the most frequent and common species in the genus in the flora area. It is easily distinguished from the other
species in the flora by the regularly and densely pinnately branched stems,
broadly ovate-lanceolate stem leaves, comparatively numerous alar cells of
the stem leaves, and adherent endostomes except for the distal portion. 4. Pylaisia intricata
(Hedwig) Schimper in Bruch, Schimper & W. Gümbel, Bryol. Eur. 5: 88. 1854
(‘Pylaisaea’) Pterigynandrum intricatum Hedwig,
Sp. Musc. Frond., 85. 1801; Hypnum
intricatum (Hedwig) Müller Hal.; Pterogonium
intricatum (Hedwig) Schwägrichen; Pylaisia
velutina Schimper; Pylaisiella
intricata (Hedwig) Grout; Pylaisiella
velutina (Schimper) Kindberg;
Stereodon intricatus (Hedwig) Lindberg & Arnell Plants
rather small, in yellowish green, shiny mats.
Stems creeping, to 2 cm,
yellowish brown, terete, irregularly pinnately branched; branches
subjulaceous, to 5 mm, usually creeping, only ascending and curved in dense
mats; pseudoparaphyllia foliose, triangular to semicircular, dentate. Stem
and branch leaves homomallous and erect-spreading when dry,
wide-spreading when wet. Stem leaves straight or somewhat
falcate, ovate-lanceolate, rather suddenly narrowed into short acumen, cordate
at base, 0.8--1.0 x 0.25--0.40 mm, not plicate; margins plane, subentire to
serrulate distally; costa short and double; median laminal cells linear,
30--65 x 5--6 \um, smooth; alar cells subquadrate to rectangular,
homogeneous, 6--12 along the margins, in 6--9 rows. Branch
leaves rather larger, oblong-lanceolate, 1.1--1.2 x 0.32--0.39 mm. Inner
perichaetial leaves to 2 mm, erect, oblong-lanceolate, more longly
acuminate than stem leaves, scarcely serrulate at the apex, more or less
plicate; costa double. Seta yellowish or reddish brown,
20--24 mm, sinistrorsely twisted in basal half and dextrorsely twisted in
distal half when dry; capsules erect to suberect, reddish brown,
oblong-cylindrical, 1.8--2.0 mm excluding operculum, 0.65--0.7 mm wide; operculum
rostrate, obliquely long-pointed; the distalmost vesiculose, deciduous;
exothecial cells variable in shape, thin-walled. Peristome
with exostome teeth lanceolate, ca. 0.19 mm, ca. 50 \um wide at base, surface
smooth basally, finely papillose distally; endostome adherent to exostome
teeth; segments keeled and split; 2-fid segment and cilia united and adherent
to inner surface of exostome teeth, with well developed basal membrane; inner
surface of endostome roughly and finely papillose. Spores
spherical, 16--32 \um, slightly papillose. Trunks
of broad-leaved trees; moderate to high elevations; Alta., B.C., Man., N.B.,
N.W.T., N.S., Ont., Que.; Ala., Ariz., Colo., Conn., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga.,
Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Maine, Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., N.H., N.J.,
N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis. Pylaisia intricata
is a rare species endemic to the flora region. It is characterized by rather
small branch leaves, long-pointed operculum, finely papillose outer surface
of the distal portion of exostome teeth, and adherent endostome. It can be distinguished from P. polyantha by its adherent endostome
and larger spores. |
