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BFNA Title: Homomallium |
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HOMOMALLIUM - Hypnaceae
XXX. HOMOMALLIUM (Schimper) Loeske, Hedwigia 46:
314. 1907 * [Greek homo, similar,
like, and mallos, a lock of wool,
thus bending or curving to one side, alluding to the leaves slightly and
uniformly curved]
S. G. Newmaster Hypnum
subgen. Homomallium Schimper, Syn. Musc. Eur.,
616. 1860 Plants medium sized, 2--3 cm, irregularly
branched, in dense, flat mats tightly appressed to substrate; pseudoparaphyllia
few, foliose; axillary hairs sparse, 1--3-celled. Stems
prostrate, branches short; without hyalodermis or central strand, epidermal
cells small and thick-walled. Stem and branch leaves similar, erect-spreading or homomallous,
concave, smooth, oblong-ovate, abruptly acuminate, non-decurrent, 0.8--1.3(--1.5)
mm; margins plane, entire or serrulate in upper half; costa short and double
or lacking; distal cells short, rhomboidal, 15--40 × 3.5--7 \um, smooth or
papillose at back, moderately thick-walled, alar cells differentiated quadrate-rectangular
in numerous rows. Specialized asexual reproduction by dense clusters of short brood
branches. Sexual condition autoicous.
Perichaetial leaves oblong, acuminate, erect. Seta
5--16 mm, single, elongate, smooth, flexuose, yellow-orange to red or purple.
Capsule
0.9--1.7 mm, inclined to horizontal, asymmetric, oblong-cylindric, arcuate, contracted
below mouth, stomata restricted to base of urn; annulus 1-2 rows of large, deciduous
cells; operculum 1.5--2 mm, convex-conic, apiculate to short-rostrate; exostome
yellow or orange, cross-striolate basally, papillose distally, trabeculate;
endostome hyaline, papillose, keeled, with distinct basal membrane, cilia 1--2,
nodulose. Calyptra naked. Spores yellow to yellow-brown, minutely
papillose, 10--20 \um. Species 13 (3
in the flora): North America, Asia, Homomallium is a
medium-sized moss that lacks the characteristic secund leaves and longer
cells found in other hypnaceous mosses. The genus is distinguished from other
closely related genera by its short leaves with smooth, shortly rhomboidal distal
leaf cells, numerous quadrate alar cells and inclined-horizontal capsules
with a well-developed peristome. Homomallium
sharpii, not included, here may be found in the area of the flora north
of SELECTED REFERENCES Ando, H. 1973. Studies on the genus Hypnum Hedw. (II). J. Sci. Hiroshima
Univ. (Ser. B, div. 2) 14: 165--207. Ando,
H. 1976. Studies on the genus Hypnum Hedw.
(III). J. Sci. Hiroshima Univ. (Ser. B, div. 2) 16: 1--46. Ando, H. 1986.
Studies on the genus Hypnum Hedw.
(IV). Hikobia 9: 467--484. Ando, H. 1987. Studies on the genus Hypnum Hedw. (V). Hikobia 10: 43--54.
Ando, H. and M. Higuchi. 1983. Homomallium
sharpii, a new moss species from 1. Leaves
spreading, not or only slightly homomallous, not falcate-secund; broadly
short- acuminate…………………………………………...... 1.
Homomallium adnatum 1. Leaves erect to spreading, homomallous to falcate-secund;
slenderly-acuminate. 2. Leaves subulate, medial leaf cells thin-walled;
seta reddish brown……………………………..….………. 2.
Homomallium incurvatum 2. Leaves not subulate, medial leaf cells
thick-walled; seta yellowish orange……………………………………….... 3. Homomallium
mexicanum 1. Homomallium adnatum (Hedwig) Brotherus, Natürl. Pflanzenfam. 1(3): 1027. 1908 Hypnum adnatum Hedwig, Sp. Musc. Frond. 248, plate 64,
figs. 5--10. 1801 Stems irregularly branched, dark green or yellowish-brown,
branches straight, 2--3 cm. Leaves 0.5--1 mm, erect or slightly homomallous,
abruptly short-acuminate, margins erect, entire, distal cells smooth, short,
rhomboidal, 15--25 x 3.5--4.5 \um, alar cells thick walled, quadrate,
extending 1/3 up the leaf at the margin.
Seta 5--15 mm,
yellow-orange to red or purple. Capsule 0.9--1.5 mm, yellow to reddish-brown;
endostome segments not perforate. Spores smooth to minutely papillose, 11--12
\um. Capsules
mature summer. Common on boulders (limestone or sandstone), moist areas such
as streams or shaded ravines, occasionally on the base of deciduous trees,
exposed roots near streams or rivers; N.B., N.S., Ont., Que.; Ala., Ariz.,
Ark., Colo., Del., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., Maine, Md., Mass.,
Mich., Minn., Mo., Nebr., N.J., N.Y., N.C., N.Dak., Ohio, Okla., Pa., Tenn.,
Tex., Va., W.Va., Wis.; Asia. Homomallium adnatum is found throughout eastern 2.
Homomallium incurvatum
(Schrader ex Bridel) Loeske, Hedwigia 46: 314. 1907 Hypnum incurvatum Schrader
ex Bridel, Musc. Recent. 2(2): 119. 1801 Stems irregularly pinnate, glossy green or yellowish brown,
branches straight, 2--2.5 cm. Leaves 0.8--1.3 mm, homomallous with
terminal leaves slightly secund, abruptly slenderly acuminate, subulate, margins
erect, entire or finely dentate, distal cells smooth, linear, rhomboidal, 25--40
x 4--7 \um, alar cells thin-walled, quadrate, extending 1/3 up the leaf at
the margin. Seta 5--15 mm, reddish brown.
Capsule 1--1.5 mm, reddish brown. Spores
finely papillose, 10--12 \um. Capsules
mature summer. Calcareous rocks in forests, rarely on deciduous trees; H. A. Crum and
L. E. Anderson (1981) questioned the presence of Homomallium incurvatum in 3.
Homomallium mexicanum
Cardot, Rev. Bryol. 37: 53. 1910 Stems irregularly pinnate, green or yellowish-green, branches curved
at tips, 2--2.5 cm. Leaves 0.8--1.3(--1.5) mm,
homomallous, abruptly slender acuminate, margins reflexed at base, entire or serrulate
at apex, distal cells smooth, short, rhomboidal, 25--35 × 4--7 \um, alar
cells thick-walled, quadrate-rectangular, extending 1/4--1/3 up the leaf at
the margin. Seta 10--16 mm, yellowish orange.
Capsule 1--1.7 mm, yellowish
to reddish brown. Spores faintly papillose, 11--20 \um. Capsules
mature summer. Bark or soil at the
base of trees. Occasionally on boulders in deciduous forests; Homomallium mexicanum is a largely subtropical species that appears
more robust than the other two species because of its larger and more spreading
leaves. 1. Leaves to
1.3 mm, not imbricate, ovate-lanceolate, narrowly acuminate, usually
denticulate distally . . . 3a. Homomallium
mexicanum var. mexicanum 1. Leaves to
1.5 mm, closely imbricate, broadly ovate, short-acuminate, entire . . . 3b. Homomallium mexicanum var. latifolium 3a. Homomallium mexicanum var. mexicanum Leaves to 1.3 mm, loosely investing the stem,
ovate-lanceolate, slightly concave, narrowly acuminate, usually denticulate
distally, alar cells restricted to the proximal 1/4 of the leaf margins. Bark or soil
at base of trees, occasionally boulders; 3b. Homomallium mexicanum var. latifolium Cardot, Rev. Bryol. 37: 54. 1910 Leaves to 1.5 mm, closely imbricate, broadly
ovate, very concave, short-acuminate, entire, alar cells extending 1/3 up the
leaf at the margin. Cliffs, bed of
stream; Homomallium mexicanum var latifolium
Cardot, has larger (to 1.5 mm),
closely imbricate leaves that are broadly ovate, short-acuminate and entire. |
