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BFNA Title: Echinophyllum |
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HELODIACEAE – ECHINOPHYLLUM XXX.
ECHINOPHYLLUM T. J. O’Brien, Bryologist 103: 513. 2000 • [Greek echinos, sea-urchin or hedgehog, and phyllon, leaf] Terry J. O’Brien Plants small to medium sized, in mats, green
or yellowish green. Stems prostrate, 1-pinnate or less commonly
irregularly 2-pinnate; paraphyllia polymorphous, commonly branched-filiform,
less commonly unbranched or narrowly lanceolate,
distal cells oblong, smooth or papillae present over end walls, terminal cell
lanceolate, smooth, crowned with a bluntly conic cell wall thickening;
pseudoparaphyllia lanceolate (or ovate-lanceolate), with ciliate or serrate
margins, proximal cells subquadrate and commonly centrally papillose. Stem leaves
distant, spreading, deeply 2--4-plicate, broadly ovate, rarely elliptical,
abruptly narrowed to a subulate, flexuose or circinate acumen; proximal
margins plane or recurved, fimbriate with paraphyllia-like appendages; distal
margins spinose-serrate; acumen margins smooth or distantly serrulate;
laminal cells with a single bluntly conic papilla on abaxial surface and
smooth or papillose on adaxial surface; cells of the acumen smooth, oblong or
linear. Branch leaves slightly overlapping, spreading or
spreading-erect, ± catenulate when dry, differentiated from stem leaves,
broadly ovate and concave, abruptly narrowed to an acute tip; distal medial
cells irregular and rhombic, oblong or subquadrate, walls incrassate,
terminal cell lanceolate, smooth, with a distal bluntly conic wall
thickening. Sexual condition dioicous. Species
1: nw North America, Asia (e China;
Japan; Korea; e Russia). SELECTED
REFERENCES: O’Brien, T. J. and D. Horton. 2000. Bryochenea (Musci; Thuidiaceae) is Cyrto-hypnum (Thuidiaceae), but B. sachalinensis is Echinophyllum (Thuidiaceae), a new genus from the Pacific Rim. Bryologist 103: 509--517. O’Brien, T. J. 1993. Bryochenea sachalinensis (Thuidiaceae) new to North America in
south-central Alaska. Bryologist 96:
205--209. 1.
Echinophyllum sachalinense (Lindberg)
T. J. O’Brien, Bryologist 103: 513. 2000 Thuidium
sachalinensis
Lindberg, Contributio ad Floram Cryptogamam Asiae Boreali-Orientalis 244.
1872; Bryochenea
sachalinensis
(Lindberg) C. H. Gao & K. C. Chang; Helodium sachalinense (Lindberg) Brotherus Stems with branches spirally attached;
paraphyllia abundant on stems and branches; axillary hairs with a brown,
short basal cell and 2--4 hyaline, oblong distal cells. Stem
leaves with costa
single, ending at base of or before acumen, adaxial surface with paraphyllia
attached along base, smooth or irregularly serrate distally; proximal cells
irregular, oblong or subquadrate with incrassate walls, sporadically porose
walls; cells at midleaf irregular and incrassate, rhombic, oblong or
subquadrate. Branch
leaves with margins
plane or recurved proximally, plane and serrate or serrulate distally; costa
single, about 1/2--2/3 the leaf length.
Specialized
asexual reproduction
absent. Perichaetia lateral; perichaetial leaves
differentiated from stem leaves, outermost with an oblong base rather
abruptly narrowed to a finely acuminate, flexuose tip, plicate; costa ending
in acumen, margins entire proximally and serrate at base of acumen; distal
cells linear or oblong-linear, smooth, walls thin or incrassate and sporadically
porose. Seta 2--3 cm, twisted when dry,
smooth. Capsule inclined, curved and asymmetric or
straight, cylindric; annulus revoluble; operculum convex-conic, rostellate or
rostrate; peristome hypnoid; exostome teeth 16, lanceolate, yellowish,
connate and cross-striolate proximally, papillose distally; endostome
hyaline, basal membrane high, distal segments alternating with 3--4 long,
appendiculate cilia. Calyptra not observed. Spores globose or subglobose, 10--16 µm,
minutely papillose. Usually on
humus over soil or rock, also bark of conifers and hardwoods, rotting logs,
moist coniferous forest or mesic tundra; B.C.; Alaska. Echinophyllum
sachalinensis is best
distinguished from similar species by the combination of stem leaves with
slender, recurved tips; coarsely serrate-dentate leaf margins often with
cilia attached proximally; one massive papilla per leaf cell; branch leaves
with a smooth, lanceolate terminal cell; paraphyllia with smooth, lanceolate
terminal cells; and lanceolate, papillose pseudoparaphyllia. This species is known from five
localities in North America along the northern Pacific Rim, all discovered
since 1992. Specimens from four of
the localities are reported by T. J. O’Brien and D. Horton (2000); a fifth
locality is near Mother Goose Lake in Alaska (W. B. Schofield, personal
communication). |
