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BFNA Title: Oxyrrhynchium |
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XX. Oxyrrhynchium (Bruch, Schimper & W. Gümbel) Warnstorf,
Krypt. Fl. Michael S. Ignatov Eurhynchium subgen. Oxyrrhynchium
Bruch, Schimper & Plants medium-sized, in loose tufts, light to
whitish or brownish green, glossy. Stems
prostrate to arching, with central strand, loosely, occasionally more densely
terete-foliate, irregularly, sometimes rather regularly branched, branch
foliage terete, subcomplanate to sometimes
distinctly complanate, especially when leaves rather remote; axillary hairs
2--3-celled; juvenile branch leaves acute. Stem leaves loosely arranged to occasionally loosely imbricate, erecto-patent to patent, broadly ovate to
ovate-lanceolate, broadest at 1/3--1/7 of leaf length; long- or
short-acuminate, slightly to moderately strongly concave, smooth; margins
serrate to serrulate; costa reaching 0.5--0.7 of leaf length, ending in a
spine, sometimes with additional teeth abaxially; juxtacostal basal cells
shorter and slightly broader, gradually transitioning to mid leaf cells;
cells adjacent to decurrency enlarged, in small
conspicuous pellucid group; mid leaf cells elongate; moderately thick-walled.
Branch leaves slightly to strongly
differentiated, in the latter case more elliptic in shape with the broadest
point of leaf at 1/2--1/3 of leaf length; more shortly acuminate to acute
than stem leaves, often asymmetric at base, twisted at mid-leaf and more
strongly serrate and with costa more strongly toothed distally, ending in a
stouter spine. Sexual condition dioicous; perichaetial leaves abruptly
contracted to long, reflexed acumen from sheathing base. Seta red-brown, rough. Capsule
red-brown, inclined to horizontal, elongate, curved; annulus separating in
fragments; operculum low-conic and then contracted to long narrow beak;
peristome xerocastique, perfect. Calyptra naked. Spores 10--13 \um. Species 10--15
(1 in the flora): worldwide, but absent in cold boreal regions. The
segregation of Oxyrrhynchium from Eurhynchium was initially accepted by many authors, including V. F. Brotherus
(1925). However, it was later placed back into Eurhynchium (e.g., H. Robinson
1962, H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson 1981).
The phylogenetic analysis of M. S. Ignatov and S. Huttunen (2002)
demonstrated that Eurhynchium
in the broad sense was polyphyletic, and Oxyrrhynchium belonged to a different subfamily
different than Eurhynchium
in the strict sense. Oxyrrhynchium is distinct in having a rough seta
(smooth in Eurhynchium),
and a tendency for subcomplanate foliage, this not
observed in Eurhynchium. Aquatic species closely related to Oxyrrhynchium are treated as Donrichardsia (cf. S. Huttunen et al. 2007). 1. Oxyrrhynchium hians
(Hedwig) Loeske, Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 49: 59. 1907 Hypnum hians Hedwig, Sp. Musc. Frond.,
272, plate 70, fig. 11-14. 1801; Eurhynchium
hians (Hedwig) Sande Lacoste;
Oxyrrhynchium rappii R. S. Williams, O. hians
subsp. rappii (R. S. Williams) Wijk & Margadant Stems to 3--10 cm, branches to 4--12 mm. Stem
leaves 0.7--1.3 x 0.5--0.8 mm; basal cells near costa 7--10 \um wide;
cells adjacent to decurrency 12--20 x 10--15 \um;
mid-leaf cells (25--)40--60(--80) x 5--7 \um. Branch leaves 0.8--1.1 x 0.4--0.7 mm.
Seta 10--25 mm. Capsule ca. 2 mm. Soil, more
commonly open humus in forest, rocks, rotten logs, tree bases, usually mesic
to wet conditions, deep shade to sunny places; 0--800 m; B.C., N.S., Ont.,
Que.; Ala., Ariz., Ark., Calif., Conn., Del., Fla., Ga., Idaho, Ill., Ind.,
Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Nebr.,
N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Pa., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis.;
Europe; Asia; Africa; Atlantic Islands. Oxyrrhynchium
hians is
a highly variable species. It ranges from densely foliate, almost tumid
phenotypes to very remotely and complanately-foliate
plants, the latter in shaded habitats. Leaves vary from broadly elliptic and
sometimes almost orbicular to narrowly ovate-triangular. In OTHER
REFERENCES: Breen, R. S.
1963. Mosses of Brotherus, V.
F. 1925. Musci (Laubmoose). 2 Hälfte. In A.
Engler (ed.), Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, ed. 2. Berlin. Crum, H. and L. E. Anderson
1981. Mosses of Huttunen, S.,
A. A. Gardiner and M. S. Ignatov. 2007. Advances in the knowledge of the Brachytheciaceae (Bryophyta).
In A. E. Newton & R. S. Tangney (eds.) Pleurocarpous Mosses: Systematics
and Evolution. Systematics Association Special Volume 71: 117--143. Ignatov,
M. S. and S. Huttunen 2002 [2003]. Brachytheciaceae
(Bryophyta)---a family of
sibling genera. Arctoa 11: 245--296. Robinson, H.
1962 [1963]. Generic revisions of North American Brachytheciaceae.
Bryologist 65: 73--146. |