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BFNA Title: Calliergonella |
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X. CALLIERGONELLA Loeske, Hedwigia 50: 248.
1911 * [Diminutive of Calliergon, Greek, kallos, beauty, and ergon, a work
or product, hence a small work of beauty] Norton G. Miller Plants lustrous, yellow-green or brownish, pinnately
to sub-pinnately branched, stem and branch apices usually turgid, ± terete;
axillary hairs with one short, brown basal cell and 2--6 longer hyaline
cells; pseudoparaphyllia foliose. Stems flattened in cross section,
central strand present, sometimes poorly developed, inner cortical cells
large, thin walled, outer cortical cells in 3--4 layers of smaller
thick-walled cells, hyalodermis present, outer walls thin; rhizoids arising
from ventral stem surface near leaf bases. Stem
and branch leaves dimorphic, ± concave, apex of both usually cuspidate
or, if not, obtuse; stem leaves ovate,
broad, short, apex acute and weakly cuspidate to rounded, costa short and
double, mostly inconspicuous or absent, alar cells abruptly inflated, cells
immediately above alar group often ± quadrate and thicker-walled, inner basal
cells shortly elongate, thick-walled; branch leaves entire, lanceolate,
longer than stem leaves, apex usually cuspidate; laminal cells in leaves of
both types variable, short and weakly sinuose at apex, long-flexuose-sinuose
at mid leaf, short and wide with walls pitted at base, stem leaves ovate,
branch leaves lanceolate; alar cells inflated and in a conspicuous ± auriculate group; costa short and double or absent. Sexual
condition dioicous. Perichaetia in leaf axils, inner
leaves becoming long-lanceolate, plicate, margins weakly serrate toward the
base, costa absent, perichaetial leaf apices flaring at archegonial
maturity. Perigonia
axillary, budlike, apices of perigonial leaves flaring. Capsule
arcuate, horizontal, exothecial cells collenchymatous,
annulus differentiated, in 2--4 rows, operculum conic-apiculate; exostome
teeth bordered, outer surface papillose distally and striolate basally,
endostome basal membrane high, segments keeled, perforate, cilia 2--4. Spores
finely punctate.
Species 1: North America, West Indies, South America, Europe,
Asia, n Africa, Australia, Atlantic Islands, Pacific Islands. SELECTED
REFERENCES Hedenäs, L. 1990 (1992). Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on the
genera Calliergonella
and Breidleria. Lindbergia 16: 161--168. Karczmarz,
K. 1971 (1972). A monograph of the genus Calliergon (Sull.) Kindb. Monogr. Bot. 34:
1--209 + pls. 1--20. 1.
Calliergonella cuspidata (Hedwig) Loeske, Hedwigia
50: 248. 1911 Hypnum
cuspidatum Hedwig, Sp. Musc. Frond., 254.
1801; Calliergon cuspidatum
(Hedwig) Kindberg Plants to 7 cm, erect or semi-erect to
decumbent in loose tufts or mats, pinnately branched when growing erect,
irregularly branched when decumbent. Seta
long, ± erect, smooth. Calyptra cucullate. Circum-neutral
(calcareous) wetlands, including moderately rich fens, often among sedges;
lake margins; roadside ditches; and as a weed in lawns; Alaska, B.C., Alta.,
Ont., Que., N.B., P.E.I., N.S., Nfld. and Labr.; Calif., Conn., Idaho, Iowa, Maine,
Mass., Nebr., N.H., N.J., N.Y., Mich., Minn., Mo., Ohio, Oreg., Pa., Tenn., Vt.,
Wis., Wyo., Wash,; Mexico; West Indies (Jamaica); South America;
Europe; Asia; n Africa; Australia, Atlantic Islands (Iceland); Pacific Islands
(New Zealand). As
emphasized by L. Hedenäs (1990) Calliergonella cuspidata shares with Hypnum lindbergii Mitten (Calliergonella lindbergii
(Mitten) Hedenäs) features such as similar appendiculate endostome cilia, not
or slightly denticulate stem and perichaetial leaves, hyaline alar cells in a
well-defined group, broad and obtuse pseudoparaphyllia, and, when dry, a plicate
capsule wall. Also, in molecular phylogenies,
both species group together (M. S. Ignatov et al. 2007; H. Tsubota et al. 2002; A. Vanderpoorten et al. 2002). However, the significance of these latter
findings is uncertain, especially in regard to family placement, as a result
of limited gene and incomplete taxon sampling. In this flora, C. lindbergii is treated under Hypnum. Plants
of Calliergonella cuspidata
are highly variable, in common with many wetland mosses. The typical, semierect,
pinnate habit is developed at sites where the water table is high, while
decumbent, irregularly branched habits are found in wetlands where the water
table fluctuates. Oddly, plants of
mesic lawns are often semierect and pinnate. K. Karczmarz
(1971) applied formal names for much of the vegetative variation in this
moss, but his varieties and forms are of little taxonomic value and otherwise
not generally followed. Calliergonella conardii Occurring
widely in the Northern and Southern hemispheres, Calliergonella cuspidata in
the SELECTED
REFERENCES Hedenäs,
L. 1990 [pub. 1992]. Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on the
genera Calliergonella
and Breidleria. Lindbergia 16: 161--168. Ignatov, M.
S., A. A. Gardiner, V. K. Bobrova, I. A. Milyutina, S. Huttunen, and A. V. Troitsky. 2007.
On the relationships of mosses of the order Hypnales,
with special reference to taxa traditionally classified in the Leskeaceae. In: A. E. Newton and R. S. Tangney,
eds. Pleurocarpous mosses, systematics
and evolution. Systematics Association
Special Volume Series 71. Pp. 177--213. Karczmarz, K.
1971 [1972]. A monograph of the
genus Calliergon
(Sull.) Kindb. Monographiae Botanicae
34. 209 pp. pls. I--XX. Tsubota, H., T. Arikawa,
H. Akiyama, E. De Luna, D. Gonzalez, M. Higuchi, and H. Deguchi. 2002.
Molecular phylogeny of hypobryalean mosses as
inferred from a large-scale dataset of chloroplast rbcL, with special reference to
the Hypnaceae and possibly related families. Hikobia 13: 645--665. Vanderpoorten,
A., L. Hedenäs, C. Cox, and A. J. Shaw.
2002. Phylogeny and
morphological evolution of the Amblystegiaceae (Bryopsida).
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 23: 1--21. |
