Michael Grayum 9103 Det. by: M. Grayum, II 1993 Phenology: 18 November 1988 10:02N 84:28W 1480 m ALAJUELA, SAN RAMON Valle del Tárcoles. Sparingly colonial palm, rare (just one clump seen) in dense primary forest. Stems to ca. 3 m tall. Lvs. 6-7 per crown, with 18 pinnae per side in interrupted groups (entire leaf included). Spines deep blackish-brown, those on basal part of petiole paler.
Zobeida Fuentes 233 Det. by: M. Grayum, VII 1995 Phenology: FR 11 March 1993 10:16N 84:49W 1100 m PUNTARENAS, PUNTARENAS Cordillera de Tilarán. Palma de 3 m. Cañas delgadas, muy espinosas. Hojas de 1.60 m de largo. Infrutescencias anaranjadas.
Chris Ivey 37 Det. by: M. Grayum, III 1993 Phenology: FR 26 February 1989 10:18N 84:48W 1450 m ALAJUELA, SAN RAMON R.B. Monteverde Cordillera de Tilarán. Treelet, 4 m tall, forest understory. Multiple shoots, 2.5 cm dm., spiny. 6-7 leaves at end of shoot to 1.2 m long petiole 33 cm, 16 leaflets per side, spines on petiole and rachis. Fruiting inflo below leaves, 10 cm long, spiny. Fruit brow
Roberto Espinoza 22 Det. by: M. Grayum, II 1993 Phenology: FR 21 November 1990 10:55N 85:28W 1100 m GUANACASTE, LIBERIA P.N. Guanacaste Cordillera de Guanacaste. Palma de 1.2 m. Frutos anaranjados maduros. Tallo cubierto de espinas.