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Heirloom Vegetables for the St. Louis Area - Recommended Varieties


What is an heirloom?

There are no hard and fast rules. Heirloom vegetables can range from seeds passed down from mother to daughter like an antique quilt to plants that have been grown for over 100 years. Generally, vegetables are considered an heirloom if they were grown prior to1951 when hybrids became widely available. Heirloom vegetables are not considered available from large commercial seed companies. Both these criteria can be disputed by heirloom gardeners as some people believe that an heirloom variety should have been grown prior to 1900s and more commercial seed catalogs now carry their own varieties of heirloom vegetables. Some gardeners also categorize heirlooms as plants that can be “open pollinated” which ensure the inclusion of seeds saved from one generation to the next in the definition but does not apply to heirloom plants that are vegetatively propagated like potatoes or garlic. Another criterion to consider is does the vegetable have historic significance such as grown by Thomas Jefferson or a nostalgic quality that is no longer used in hybrid seed production. The heirloom vegetable movement coincides with gardeners’ desires to preserve varieties that are at the edge of extinction and conservation of diverse vegetable varieties. Overall, an heirloom vegetable needs to be a variety that has been around for many years in a garden or field and have unique qualities that make it different than what is new today.


Vegetable

Cultivar

Comments

Asparagus

 

 

 

Mary Washington

Rust resistant

Beans

 

 

  Bush, Snap

Burpee Stringless Green Bean

Tolerates heat and drought, 50-55 days

 

Black Valentine

Resistant to bean mosaic, 48 days

 

Tendergreen

Heat tolerant, 45-57 days

 

 

 

  Bush, Purple

Royalty Purple Pod

Purple bean turns green when cooked, 56 days

  Yellow Wax

Golden Wax

Disease resistant, 45-60 days

  Pole Green Bean

Henderson Black Valentine

Resistant to bean mosaic, 48 days

 

Old Homestead

Rust resistant, 64 days

Beans, Lima

 

 

  Bush

Henderson

Drought tolerant, 60-75 days

 

Baby Bush

Short pods with white beans, 70 days

  Pole

Christmas

Large speckled red and white beans, likes it hot and humid, 80-85 days

 

King of the Garden

Large, white seeds, 85-90 days

Beet

 

 

 

Detroit Dark Red

Red, globular roots, 55-60 days

 

Early Wonder

Half-flat bright red with light zones, 50-60 days

 

Chiogga

Red and white concentric rings, 55 days

 

Crosby Egyptian

3-5 inch roots, deep red, 50 days

 

Golden Beet

Orange globe-shaped roots, turns yellow when cooked, 55-60 days

Broccoli

 

 

 

Calabrese/Early Italian

Blue-green heads 3-6 in., many side shoots, 48-90 days

 

DeCicco

Blue-green heads 3-4 in., many side shoots, 48-85 days

Brussels Sprouts

 

 

 

Long Island Improved

Heavy yields, hearty, 85-100 days

Cabbage

 

 

  Green

Brunswick

Flat, drumhead, 6-lb. heads, 85-90 days

 

Early Jersey Wakefield

Conical head, 2-4 lb. heads, 60-75 days

 

Danish Ballhead

Round head, 5-7 lbs., 85-110 days

 

Late Flat Dutch

Large, flattened oval head, 10-15 lbs., late fall- winter cabbage, 100-110 days

  Red

Red Rock

Round head, fine flavor, keeps well, l00 days

 

Red Drumhead

Round, slightly flat head, sweet flavor, delicious raw, 60-70 days

Carrots

 

 

 

Chantenay Red Cored

5-7 in. long, wide shoulders, good flavor, 60-75 days

 

Danvers Half Long

6-8 in. tapered roots, nearly coreless, 75 days

 

Oxheart

Blunt, heart-shaped roots, 5-6 in. long, good flavor, 70-80 days

Cauliflower

 

 

 

Early Snowball

Pure white, solid, medium heads, 60 days

Corn

 

 

 

Golden Bantam

7-in. ears, sweet golden kernels, 75 days

 

Stowell’s Evergreen

8-9 in. ears, 8-ft. tall, white corn, 80-100 days

 

Black Aztec

Starts white (sweet corn stage), turns bluish-black (ground cornmeal stage), 75 days

 

Country Gentleman

White “shoe peg” corn, kernels not in rows, sweet and tender, 80-100 days

 

Luther Hill

Stalks are 4-5 ft. tall, ears 5-6 in. long, sweet flavor, 75-85 days

Cucumbers

 

 

  Slicing

Longfellow

Cylindrical fruits, 12-13 in. long, holds color and crispness, 62-74 days

 

Marketmore 97

9-11 in. long, burpless and bitterness free, disease resistant, 55 days

 

Burpless Muncher

Mosaic resistant, never gets bitter, 65 days

  Pickling

Boston Pickling

5-6 in. long, productive, 50-60 days

 

 

 

Homemade Pickles

Heavy producer, solid and crisp, good flavor, 55 days

Eggplants

 

 

 

Black Beauty

Great flavor, up to 3 lb. fruits,
75-90 days (from transplants)

 

Rosa Bianca

Round, 4-6 in. teardrop fruits, lavender and white, no bitterness, 80-85 days

 

Listada de Gambia

5-6 in. fruits, purple with white strips, sweet, no bitterness, 75 days

Lettuce

 

 

  Leaf

Black Seeded Simpson

Light green crinkled leaves, heat and drought tolerant, 45 days

 

Oakleaf

Medium green, deeply lobed leaves, tolerates hot weather, 40-60 days

 

Slobolt

Slow to bolt,  45-55 days

 

Mascara

Red, frilled oakleaf-shaped leaves, bolt resistant, 65 days

  Head

Iceberg

Compact heads, disease resistant, 55-75 days

 

Grand Rapids

Round heads, slow to bolt, 60 days

  Bibb

Butter Crunch

Long lasting, heat tolerant, 55-60 days

  Romaine

Paris Island Cos

Uniform heads, 66 days

Melons

 

 

 

Hale’s Best

Salmon-colored flesh, sweet, drought and mildew resistant, 85-90 days

 

Jenny Lind

Sweet, lime-green flesh, 75 days

 

Hearts of Gold

Sweet, salmon-orange flesh, 3 lb. fruits, 80 days

Okra

 

 

 

Red

Red tinged stem, leaves, and pods, flavorful, 55-65 days

 

Clemson Spineless

Large plants, heavy producer, 60 days

 

Cowhorn

Pods are ribbed and twisted, 6-7 ft. tall, tender, 10-12 in. pods, 55-65 days

Peas

 

 

  Garden

Little Marvel

Wilt resistant, 15-20 in. tall vines, prolific producer, 58-64 days

 

Thomas Laxton

Very wilt resistant, 3 ft. vines, 55-65 days

 

Green Arrow

Good flavor, disease resistant, 2 ½ ft. vines, 70 days

 

Wando

Very productive, 3 ft. vines, 55-65 days

  Snow

Oregon Sugar Pod II

Tender and delicious, bush plants, 60 days

 

Mammoth Melting

4-5 ft. vines, sweet flavor, 65-70 days

  Snap

Sugar Snap

Very sweet, 4-6 ft. vines, 60 days

Peppers

 

 

  Mild

California Wonder

Good yields, green pepper, 70 days

 

Sweet Banana

Light greenish yellow, 6 in., 60-75 days

 

Red Marconi

Italian pepper, very sweet, 80 days

  Hot

Jalapeno

Hot and spicy pepper, 75-95 days

 

Long Red Cayenne

Very hot, long peppers turn bright red, 75 days

 

Anaheim

Mildly hot, roasting or frying pepper, 80 days

Radishes

 

 

 

White Icicle

6 in. roots, white, crisp flesh, fine flavor, 30 days

 

French Breakfast

Mild, spicy flavor, red top, white bottom, 20-30 days

 

Round Black Spanish

Winter storage radish, 3-4 in. in diameter, crisp and pungent, 53-80 days

Spinach

 

 

 

Bloomsdale Long Standing

Dark green crumpled leaves, 40-60 days

 

Giant Nobel

Giant, thick, dark leaves, 50 days

Squashes

 

 

  Summer

Yellow Crookneck

Yellow bulb-shaped fruit with curved neck, creamy white flesh, 55 days

 

Black Beauty

Bush plant, great flavor, 45-65 days

 

Yellow Bush Scallop

Scalloped yellow fruits, resistant to squash bugs, 50-55 days

  Winter

Delicata

High sugar content, 1-3 lb. fruits, skin color rust-white or creamy with green stripes, 100 days

 

Watham Butternut

Great tasting, orange-colored flesh, 100 days

 

Cushaw White

White skin, sweet pale orange flesh, resists squash bugs, 100 days

Pumpkins

 

 

 

Cinderella

Deeply ribbed, concave top, 25 lbs., 95 days

 

Sugar Pie

Thick sweet flesh, 6 lb. fruits, great for pies, 110 days

 

Connecticut Field

Orange, 12 lb. fruit, used for carving or baking, 110 days

Tomatoes

 

 

  Slicing

Black Brandywine

Flattened beefsteak, great taste, 80 days

 

German Red Strawberry        

Giant, red strawberry shape, rich sweet flavor, 1 lb. fruits, 85 days

 

Cherokee Purple

Excellent complex flavor, 12-16 oz. fruits, 80 days

 

Yellow Giant Belgium

Great flavored beefsteak, 75 days

  Paste

Amish Paste

Meaty 8 oz. sauce type tomato, 75 days

 

Martino’s Roma

Dark red clusters of 5-8 tomatoes, 3-4 oz. fruits, 75 days

  Cherry

Tomato Gardener’s Delight

Very sweet 1¼ in. red cherry in clusters of 6-12, 65 days

 

Isis Candy

Sweet, red-orange-gold striped and blush color, 1½ in. fruit, 93 days

Watermelon

 

 

 

Crimson Sweet

Crisp and sweet, 20-25 lb., 80-85 days

 

Moon and Stars

Very sweet, 20-50 lb., 95 days

 

Orangeglo

Very sweet, deep orange flesh, tropical flavor, 30 lb., 85 days

 

Wilson’s Sweet

Crisp, sweet, red flesh, 15-20 lb. fruits, 85 days

Bibliography:

 Watson, Benjamin. Taylor’s Guide to Heirloom Vegetables. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1996

Stickland, Sue. Heirloom Vegetables:  A Home Garden’s Guide to Finding and Growing Vegetables from the Past. Gala Books Limited, 1998

Baker Creek Heirloom Seeds, Baskerville, MO. www.rareseeds.com

© Missouri Botanical Garden, 2001-2009