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Heirloom Vegetables for the St. Louis Area - Recommended Varieties
What is an heirloom? There are no hard and fast rules. Heirloom vegetables can range from seeds passed down from mother to daughter like an antique quilt to plants that have been grown for over 100 years. Generally, vegetables are considered an heirloom if they were grown prior to1951 when hybrids became widely available. Heirloom vegetables are not considered available from large commercial seed companies. Both these criteria can be disputed by heirloom gardeners as some people believe that an heirloom variety should have been grown prior to 1900s and more commercial seed catalogs now carry their own varieties of heirloom vegetables. Some gardeners also categorize heirlooms as plants that can be “open pollinated” which ensure the inclusion of seeds saved from one generation to the next in the definition but does not apply to heirloom plants that are vegetatively propagated like potatoes or garlic. Another criterion to consider is does the vegetable have historic significance such as grown by Thomas Jefferson or a nostalgic quality that is no longer used in hybrid seed production. The heirloom vegetable movement coincides with gardeners’ desires to preserve varieties that are at the edge of extinction and conservation of diverse vegetable varieties. Overall, an heirloom vegetable needs to be a variety that has been around for many years in a garden or field and have unique qualities that make it different than what is new today.
Vegetable |
Cultivar |
Comments |
Asparagus |
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Mary Washington |
Rust resistant |
Beans |
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Bush, Snap |
Burpee Stringless Green Bean |
Tolerates heat and drought, 50-55 days |
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Black Valentine |
Resistant to bean mosaic, 48 days |
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Tendergreen |
Heat tolerant, 45-57 days |
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Bush, Purple |
Royalty Purple Pod |
Purple bean turns green when cooked,
56 days |
Yellow Wax |
Golden Wax |
Disease resistant, 45-60 days |
Pole Green Bean |
Henderson Black Valentine |
Resistant to bean mosaic, 48 days |
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Old Homestead |
Rust resistant, 64 days |
Beans, Lima |
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Bush |
Henderson |
Drought tolerant, 60-75 days |
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Baby Bush |
Short pods with white beans, 70 days |
Pole |
Christmas |
Large speckled red and white beans, likes it hot and humid, 80-85 days |
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King of the Garden |
Large, white seeds, 85-90 days |
Beet |
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Detroit Dark Red |
Red, globular roots, 55-60 days |
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Early Wonder |
Half-flat bright red with light zones, 50-60 days |
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Chiogga |
Red and white concentric rings, 55 days |
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Crosby Egyptian |
3-5 inch roots, deep red, 50 days |
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Golden Beet |
Orange globe-shaped roots, turns yellow when cooked, 55-60 days |
Broccoli |
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Calabrese/Early Italian |
Blue-green heads 3-6 in., many side shoots, 48-90 days |
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DeCicco |
Blue-green heads 3-4 in., many side shoots, 48-85 days |
Brussels Sprouts |
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Long Island Improved |
Heavy yields, hearty, 85-100 days |
Cabbage |
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Green |
Brunswick |
Flat, drumhead, 6-lb. heads, 85-90 days |
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Early Jersey Wakefield |
Conical head, 2-4 lb. heads, 60-75 days |
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Danish Ballhead |
Round head, 5-7 lbs., 85-110 days |
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Late Flat Dutch |
Large, flattened oval head, 10-15 lbs., late fall- winter cabbage, 100-110 days |
Red |
Red Rock |
Round head, fine flavor, keeps well, l00 days |
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Red Drumhead |
Round, slightly flat head, sweet flavor, delicious raw, 60-70 days |
Carrots |
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Chantenay Red Cored |
5-7 in. long, wide shoulders, good flavor, 60-75 days |
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Danvers Half Long |
6-8 in. tapered roots, nearly coreless, 75 days |
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Oxheart |
Blunt, heart-shaped roots, 5-6 in. long, good flavor, 70-80 days |
Cauliflower |
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Early Snowball |
Pure white, solid, medium heads, 60 days |
Corn |
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Golden Bantam |
7-in. ears, sweet golden kernels, 75 days |
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Stowell’s Evergreen |
8-9 in. ears, 8-ft. tall, white corn,
80-100 days |
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Black Aztec |
Starts white (sweet corn stage), turns bluish-black (ground cornmeal stage), 75 days |
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Country Gentleman |
White “shoe peg” corn, kernels not in rows, sweet and tender, 80-100 days |
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Luther Hill |
Stalks are 4-5 ft. tall, ears 5-6 in. long, sweet flavor, 75-85 days |
Cucumbers |
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Slicing |
Longfellow |
Cylindrical fruits, 12-13 in. long, holds color and crispness, 62-74 days |
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Marketmore 97 |
9-11 in. long, burpless and bitterness free, disease resistant, 55 days |
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Burpless Muncher |
Mosaic resistant, never gets bitter,
65 days |
Pickling |
Boston Pickling |
5-6 in. long, productive, 50-60 days |
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Homemade Pickles |
Heavy producer, solid and crisp, good flavor, 55 days |
Eggplants |
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Black Beauty |
Great flavor, up to 3 lb. fruits,
75-90 days (from transplants) |
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Rosa Bianca |
Round, 4-6 in. teardrop fruits, lavender and white, no bitterness, 80-85 days |
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Listada de Gambia |
5-6 in. fruits, purple with white strips, sweet, no bitterness, 75 days |
Lettuce |
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Leaf |
Black Seeded Simpson |
Light green crinkled leaves, heat and drought tolerant, 45 days |
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Oakleaf |
Medium green, deeply lobed leaves, tolerates hot weather, 40-60 days |
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Slobolt |
Slow to bolt, 45-55 days |
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Mascara |
Red, frilled oakleaf-shaped leaves, bolt resistant, 65 days |
Head |
Iceberg |
Compact heads, disease resistant,
55-75 days |
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Grand Rapids |
Round heads, slow to bolt, 60 days |
Bibb |
Butter Crunch |
Long lasting, heat tolerant, 55-60 days |
Romaine |
Paris Island Cos |
Uniform heads, 66 days |
Melons |
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Hale’s Best |
Salmon-colored flesh, sweet, drought and mildew resistant, 85-90 days |
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Jenny Lind |
Sweet, lime-green flesh, 75 days |
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Hearts of Gold |
Sweet, salmon-orange flesh, 3 lb. fruits, 80 days |
Okra |
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Red |
Red tinged stem, leaves, and pods, flavorful, 55-65 days |
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Clemson Spineless |
Large plants, heavy producer, 60 days |
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Cowhorn |
Pods are ribbed and twisted, 6-7 ft. tall, tender, 10-12 in. pods, 55-65 days |
Peas |
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Garden |
Little Marvel |
Wilt resistant, 15-20 in. tall vines, prolific producer, 58-64 days |
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Thomas Laxton |
Very wilt resistant, 3 ft. vines, 55-65 days |
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Green Arrow |
Good flavor, disease resistant, 2 ½ ft. vines, 70 days |
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Wando |
Very productive, 3 ft. vines, 55-65 days |
Snow |
Oregon Sugar Pod II |
Tender and delicious, bush plants, 60 days |
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Mammoth Melting |
4-5 ft. vines, sweet flavor,
65-70 days |
Snap |
Sugar Snap |
Very sweet, 4-6 ft. vines, 60 days |
Peppers |
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Mild |
California Wonder |
Good yields, green pepper, 70 days |
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Sweet Banana |
Light greenish yellow, 6 in., 60-75 days |
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Red Marconi |
Italian pepper, very sweet, 80 days |
Hot |
Jalapeno |
Hot and spicy pepper, 75-95 days |
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Long Red Cayenne |
Very hot, long peppers turn bright red, 75 days |
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Anaheim |
Mildly hot, roasting or frying pepper, 80 days |
Radishes |
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White Icicle |
6 in. roots, white, crisp flesh, fine flavor, 30 days |
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French Breakfast |
Mild, spicy flavor, red top, white bottom, 20-30 days |
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Round Black Spanish |
Winter storage radish, 3-4 in. in diameter, crisp and pungent, 53-80 days |
Spinach |
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Bloomsdale Long Standing |
Dark green crumpled leaves, 40-60 days |
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Giant Nobel |
Giant, thick, dark leaves, 50 days |
Squashes |
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Summer |
Yellow Crookneck |
Yellow bulb-shaped fruit with curved neck, creamy white flesh, 55 days |
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Black Beauty |
Bush plant, great flavor, 45-65 days |
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Yellow Bush Scallop |
Scalloped yellow fruits, resistant to squash bugs, 50-55 days |
Winter |
Delicata |
High sugar content, 1-3 lb. fruits, skin color rust-white or creamy with green stripes,
100 days |
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Watham Butternut |
Great tasting, orange-colored flesh,
100 days |
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Cushaw White |
White skin, sweet pale orange flesh, resists squash bugs, 100 days |
Pumpkins |
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Cinderella |
Deeply ribbed, concave top, 25 lbs., 95 days |
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Sugar Pie |
Thick sweet flesh, 6 lb. fruits, great for pies, 110 days |
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Connecticut Field |
Orange, 12 lb. fruit, used for carving or baking, 110 days |
Tomatoes |
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Slicing |
Black Brandywine |
Flattened beefsteak, great taste, 80 days |
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German Red Strawberry |
Giant, red strawberry shape, rich sweet flavor, 1 lb. fruits, 85 days |
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Cherokee Purple |
Excellent complex flavor, 12-16 oz. fruits, 80 days |
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Yellow Giant Belgium |
Great flavored beefsteak, 75 days |
Paste |
Amish Paste |
Meaty 8 oz. sauce type tomato, 75 days |
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Martino’s Roma |
Dark red clusters of 5-8 tomatoes,
3-4 oz. fruits, 75 days |
Cherry |
Tomato Gardener’s Delight |
Very sweet 1¼ in. red cherry in clusters of 6-12, 65 days |
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Isis Candy |
Sweet, red-orange-gold striped and blush color, 1½ in. fruit, 93 days |
Watermelon |
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Crimson Sweet |
Crisp and sweet, 20-25 lb., 80-85 days |
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Moon and Stars |
Very sweet, 20-50 lb., 95 days |
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Orangeglo |
Very sweet, deep orange flesh, tropical flavor, 30 lb., 85 days |
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Wilson’s Sweet |
Crisp, sweet, red flesh, 15-20 lb. fruits, 85 days |
Bibliography:
Watson, Benjamin. Taylor’s Guide to Heirloom Vegetables. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1996
Stickland, Sue. Heirloom Vegetables: A Home Garden’s Guide to Finding and Growing Vegetables from the Past. Gala Books Limited, 1998
Baker Creek Heirloom Seeds, Baskerville, MO. www.rareseeds.com
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