Plant
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Comment
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Helianthus annuus
sunflower
Annual |
Well, I’m not going to write an article on annuals… so I thought I’d throw this fun flower into the perennial article. That’s semi-legit because they do come up in a lot of gardens every year. Now that I’m completely justified….let me say, Sunflowers are LOTS OF FUN! They are the ideal plant to begin teaching children with… they grow fast enough to fascinate both student and teacher. And the flowers are big enough to fascinate you all over again. These days they come in an enormous range of colors and sizes… so please yourself, but make sure you have at least 1-3 giant sunflowers so the kid’s can learn about feeding birds and about salted sunflower seeds. There is always just enough sun in any garden for a small patch of these prairie loving flower giants. |
Tithonia rotundifolia
Mexican sunflower
Annual |
Forgive me, I’m going to add one last plant that really belongs elsewhere. I try and grow it every summer, so it seems like a perennial to me. This is another great plant to use teaching kids about plants & gardens. Grow it from seed. Get the old fashioned standard… not the newer dwarf varieties. Go for broke…. The older, bigger one is far more impressive. Give it about 4x4 feet to grow in, and plenty of sun. Plant 5-7 seeds in a one foot circle…..and watch those seedlings fill the whole space with heavily branched stems of corrugated dark green foliage. In late summer the “bush” will erupt with 3-4 inch, pure orange flowers that are great fun…. And attract LOTS of butterflies. Deadheading spent blooms could extend bloom into fall. |
Buxus sempervirens 'Vardar Valley'
boxwood
Broadleaf evergreen |
This is considered to be one of the few reliably evergreen forms of English Boxwood for Oklahoma gardens. Even so, it is recommended that Boxwood be watered thoroughly every 12-14 days during the winter months to insulate roots against temperature fluctuations & winter drought. Be aware that mulching may cause stem rot and is not recommended. Also note: Boxwood in western Oklahoma prefers afternoon summer shade. The leaves are a fairly unique shade of blue-green throughout the year. New growth is light apple-green, giving the plant a distinct two-toned look in spring. Varder Valley Boxwood gets about 2-2.5 feet high….spreads to around 3 feet….and forms a low, somewhat flat-topped mound in the garden. |
Camellia oleifera
camellia
Broadleaf evergreen |
Camellia’s used to be unseen in Oklahoma gardens. The introduction of cold-hardy cultivars having Camellia oleifera as one parent has changed all that. These cultivars reach about 5-7 feet in height, with a 5 foot spread. As of this writing, all cold-hardy cultivars bloom in the fall from September to December. They are available with white, pink, or shades-of-pink blooms. For best results, give them good drainage; rich soil with a pH on the acidic side of neutral; supplemental water during periods of stress in summer and winter; & afternoon summer shade. |
Ilex cornuta
Chinese holly
Broadleaf evergreen |
Chinese [or Horned] Hollies are widely used in Oklahoma gardens. Of the many available hybrids & cultivars, ‘Nellie R. Stevens’ is most highly recommended for our area. Consider it a far superior alternative to Burford Holly, Dwarf Burford Holly and Japanese Holly [Ilex crenata]. ‘Nellie R. Stevens’ is a vigorous & very durable hybrid that stands up to our climate fluctuations very well. It can be managed in the 5-6 foot range with judicious pruning….but can also grow significantly larger. Plants carefully shaped into pyramidal tree forms are especially attractive. Noteworthy features are very dark, glossy green leaves with 3 spines & very large, showy red berries in winter. Having said that, I will also recommend watering every 12-14 days in winter to significantly reduce the possibility of root, stem and foliage damage. |
Ilex vomitoria
yaupon
Broadleaf evergreen |
Yaupon [multi-trunk tree form] & Dwarf Yaupon [shrub form] Hollies sometimes seem to be a mandated staple in both our commercial and home gardens. Native to our state, it has proven to be a very hardy broadleaf evergreen. This is a beautiful plant when allowed to mature to natural form. Unfortunately, they are all too often whacked & slaughtered into balls and, even worse, boxes. Ironically, the dwarf cultivar develops a dense rounded form with no pruning whatsoever. The multi-trunk tree form naturally assumes a beautifully relaxed & windswept shape….and rewards gardeners with a good display of small, bright red berries in fall into winter. |
Ilex x attenuata 'Fosteri'
foster holly
Broadleaf evergreen |
This is the best of the American Hollies [Ilex opaca hybrids & cultivars] for gardens in our area. Specimens can reach 20 feet in height, are pyramidal in form, and have a base diameter of approximately 6 feet. The leaves are long & narrow, dark & glossy, with several spines along the margin. Fruit is smaller than that of many Ilex opaca….but they more than compensate for size by being very bright red and very attractive. It is very tolerant of a wide range of growing conditions. Winter watering every 12-14 days is recommended. |
Ilex x meserveae BLUE PRINCESS
blue holly
Broadleaf evergreen |
This very attractive Holly is noteworthy for it’s foliage color; which is described by different authors as blue, blue-green and blue-purple. However described; they provide a good alternative to the shiny greens of most Hollies. This cultivar is also valuable for Oklahoma gardeners because it is more winter hardy than many other holly hybrids and cultivars. If you want berries please remember to plant one male [Ilex x meserveae ‘Blue Prince’] in with the females. |
Quercus virginiana
live oak
Broadleaf evergreen |
This is the fabled oak of “southern plantation fame.” Strong horizontal limbs, evergreen foliage, and an exceptional life-span make it a valuable addition to the landscape and garden. Central Oklahoma is about as far north as this tree will reliably grow. Gardeners in the southern half of our state will find this to be an exceptionally durable tree…tolerant of drought and poor soils. |
Bletilla striata
Chinese ground orchid
Bulb |
I never paid lots of attention to this ‘orchid’ until I saw a large mass of them at the Oklahoma City Zoo. Now, I have trouble imagining a garden without them. The blooms are delicately beautiful and bold enough to stand out in the garden. This perennial is well suited to wet spots that get shade on summer afternoons. Keep the soil moist, but not waterlogged. ‘Albostriata’ is equally successful here, just harder to find. |
Lilium 'Connecticut King'
Asiatic lily
Bulb |
Lilies grow and bloom well in Oklahoma City gardens as long as they are given WELL-drained soil. These bulbs are markedly intolerant of wet feet. Given that, and sun to light shade, they can be a long-lived & naturalizing plant for our gardens. I will recommend you either stick with the shorter varieties or those with very strong stems. Otherwise you will want to stake
lilies in Oklahoma to protect them from our winds. |
Aesculus parviflora
bottlebrush buckeye
Deciduous shrub |
This wonderful shrub is highly recommended for your garden; IF you are willing to follow the planting & maintenance rules needed to give you successful results. This Buckeye requires moist organic soils that also drain well. It needs to be protected from drying southwest summer winds. It requires shade on summer afternoons; planting under a large shade tree is ideal. It should be watered thoroughly during periods of summer heat & drought. This is not a “plant it and forget it” shrub. Give it what it needs, however, and you will be rewarded with a true garden “aristocrat.” The early summer blooms are spectacular. The fall color is a rich, butter yellow. This shrub will probably not exceed 8 x 8 feet in central Oklahoma; and it will accomplish this at a sedate pace. |
Berberis thunbergii f. atropurpurea 'Atropurpurea Nana'
Japanese barberry
Deciduous shrub |
Crimson Pygmy Barberries are a somewhat common sight in area gardens, but that should not in any way lessen its appeal. It very easily fits the needs of a gardener who want a shrub that does not overgrow a small bed space. Even better…. it maintains its compact, rounded form without any pruning by the gardener. Best of all, its foliage has a deep red, almost smoky color that compliments almost any adjacent shrub or perennial. I particularly like this shrub paired with Russian Sage [Perovskia], Coneflower [Echinacea], ‘Paprika’ Yarrow [Achillea], and/or ‘Hot Cocoa’ Rose. A note for our area: gardeners who like to plant in the spring should be aware that this Barberry will not be very drought tolerant its first summer in the ground. It will need supplemental water in periods of high summer heat. As the shrub matures over the years, its drought tolerance will improve. Full sun will produce the best foliage colors. |
Betula nigra 'Little King' FOX VALLEY
river birch
Deciduous shrub |
This shrub is just the ticket for Oklahoman’s who garden in heavy clay soil. It’s even better for sunny borders that stay moist to wet a lot of the time. In dry borders it will appreciate supplemental water in the high heat of summer. The foliage has delicately cut edges and a good, bright green color. And the cinnamon tan bark flakes and peels just like its larger relative, the River Birch tree. PlantFinder suggests a mature height of 8-10 feet. I will suggest that Oklahoma’s growing conditions will lower this mature height by as much as 3 feet. Gardeners wanting an even smaller plant can prune….. but be careful; the beauty of this plant’s form can be ruined by thoughtless shearing. |
Caryopteris x clandonensis 'Worcester Gold'
bluebeard
Deciduous shrub |
Gardeners have been growing Blue Mist Spirea in Oklahoma gardens for years. It’s silver-gray-green foliage and late summer into fall blue flowers are handsomely good looking. And the butterflies it attracts are fun and beautiful. You get the blue flowers and butterflies with ‘Worcester Gold.’ But you also get soft golden foliage throughout the growing season. The clusters of small blue flowers appear on top of the foliage at a time when most shrubs are well past their bloom season. Very well drained soil and full sun are necessary for good performance. |
Chaenomeles speciosa 'Toyo-Nishiki'
flowering quince
Deciduous shrub |
The white flowering and red flowering varieties of Flowering Quince are considered harbingers of spring in central Oklahoma. As such they are widely planted. Much less well-known is the cultivar called ‘Toyo Nishiki.’ You will understand this recommendation when you see one in bloom. Some blossoms are white, some are pink, some are red, some are white splashed with pink….and all this on just one plant. [ If you can find it, the Chaenomeles japonica var. alpina listed in PlantFinder would be well worth growing here as well.] |
Cornus sanguinea 'Midwinter Fire'
bloodtwig dogwood
Deciduous shrub |
This may strike you as odd…..but shrub Dogwoods are not recommended to gardeners for their blooms or their foliage. They are recommended for the yellow, green, or red stems they display so flamboyantly in winter. The shrub Dogwoods normally grown in Oklahoma have yellow or red stems. ‘Midwinter Fire’ beats them hands-down. The bottom of the stems are tawny yellow…. the tops & the twigs are blood red. An added bonus is good fall color. Make sure you plant this shrub in well-amended, organic soils….and afternoon summer shade. |
Forsythia suspensa
weeping forsythia
Deciduous shrub |
Forsythia is widely planted on the great plains. Very few examples of the varieties on PlantFinder can be found here. Because everyone plants the old, stand-by variety that gets HUGE and then gets clipped into balls and boxes. What a shame! I’ll link to this less common species instead of the ubiquitous one. The upright, arching habit better lends itself to shaping than the stoloniferous, old-fashioned one. And the serrated foliage is very attractive throughout the season. Better remember though; the weeping branches will root if they touch the ground. Full sun is best… any shade reduces the bloom display. |
Fothergilla gardenii 'Blue Mist'
dwarf fothergilla
Deciduous shrub |
This is a beautiful plant, with multi-season appeal. The spring flowers remind me of cottontails. The foliage color makes both a colorful contrast & compliment to the greenery surrounding it. And the fall foliage color is fiery and attention getting. It is well worth growing in central Oklahoma…. as long as it is planted & maintained according to its needs. Mix lots of peat moss into your soil… as much as 80% by volume. This helps provide an acidic soil mix. Remember to run this plant just slightly moist…it should not be allowed to completely dry out… particularly in our hot summers. This is not a carefree shrub. Gardeners who enjoy the process as much as the results will thoroughly enjoy growing Fothergilla. |
Hamamelis x intermedia 'Jelena'
witch hazel
Deciduous shrub |
This beautiful plant will not get as large as it does in Saint Louis, but it will perform well out here on the plains. Plant it as an under-story shrub, in good soil, with protection from SW summer wind, and it will do very well. Do not plant it up against a wall or fence…. the reflected heat will stress this particular plant. The blooms do occur very early in the spring, or late winter. They are especially effective if the Witch hazel is backed by dark evergreens such as yews or hollies. ‘Arnold Promise’ & ‘Pallida’, also discussed on PlantFinder, are other good choices for our area. |
Hydrangea macrophylla 'Bailmer' ENDLESS SUMMER
bigleaf hydrangea
Deciduous shrub |
For as long as I can remember, Oklahoma gardeners have loved Hydrangeas….and complained of bloomless plants resulting from our quirky late frosts. Complain no more! ‘Endless Summer’ blooms on new as well as old wood. This means late frosts are much less destructive. It also blooms pretty much all summer…..given some extra care during summer’s high heat. Read the PlantFinder notes carefully for planting & maintenance guidelines. Remember that many of our soils [& our water supply] are very alkaline….so add aluminum sulfate in fall for blue blooms next summer. |
Hydrangea paniculata 'Tardiva'
panicle hydrangea
Deciduous shrub |
This Hydrangea deserves serious consideration by Oklahoma gardeners. Its performance in Saint Louis was excellent, and there is no reason to believe it won’t perform as well here as other species & cultivars do. The panicles of bloom arrive quite late in the season… there is little risk of lost blooms to late frosts. In fact, it blooms into the fall…. a time when most bloom is well past. Shade on summer afternoons is recommended here, but good light is also necessary for good bloom production. This is a beautiful and reliable Hydrangea, and deserves more widespread planting in Oklahoma. |
Hydrangea quercifolia
oakleaf hydrangea
Deciduous shrub |
This is, quite simply, a superb flowering shrub with four seasons of visual interest. It’s leaves are enormous….and are lobed like the leaves of a Red Oak. Conical bloom clusters start out pure white and gradually fade to a rusty brownish pink. The leaves [again] turn rich shades of red & orange red in the
fall. And the winter bark is cinnamon tan and peels like the bark of Birch trees. All of the cultivars shown in MBG’s PlantFinder will grow quite well out here on the plains. Although tolerant of light shade, these Hydrangeas will do just fine in full sun. I would recommend protection from southwest summer winds to avoid “tattering” of the leaves. |
Ilex verticillata 'Nana' RED SPRITE
winterberry
Deciduous shrub |
The MBG website recommends moist, acidic, organic soils for this cultivar of deciduous Holly. It also says, thankfully, it is adaptable to a range of soil conditions. The site also emphasizes the need for a male pollinator if you want berries. YOU WANT BERRIES! YOU WANT THIS SHRUB! It is infinitely worth growing in our area. The red berries on bare stems are stunningly beautiful. And they are produced at a time when most shrubs are beginning their preparations for dormancy & winter. If this sounds like a sales pitch, IT IS. I simply cannot imagine a gardener being disappointed by this remarkably beautiful plant. |
Itea virginica 'Sprich' LITTLE HENRY
Virginia sweetspire
Deciduous shrub |
Sweetspire is a very pleasing shrub for lightly shaded locations. It mixes well with Yews, Azaleas and Hollies…. offering enough contrast to stand out from the crowd. The spring “bottlebrush” blooms are very delicate, appear in profusion, and are fun to have around as a contrast to larger spring blooms. My favorite attribute are leaves that turn plum purple in the fall… and often last that way well into winter. This plant is very tolerant of Oklahoma’s heavy clay soils, and actually enjoys wet spots in the beds. The amount of bloom and degree of foliage color are improved with some direct light – a combination of morning & late afternoon light is ideal. Amend the planting soil with lots of organics for improved root development. I’m linking this entry to ‘Little Henry’ even though both plants have great merit in the garden. One is simply better suited to smaller spaces and smaller gardens. |
Lagerstroemia indica 'Whit I' RASPBERRY SUNDAE
crape myrtle
Deciduous shrub |
Listing this plant almost seems like belaboring the obvious. The mottled bark, multi-trunked look, superb fall color, and mid to late-summer blooms make it an almost indispensable part of a great plains garden. The “watermelon red” and “pink” varieties are over-planted [in my opinion.] Let me suggest any of the cultivars developed by Dr. Carl Whitcomb as significant improvements over older varieties. These include ‘Tightwad Red’, ‘Siren Red’, ‘Red Rocket’, ‘Raspberry Sundae’, ‘Dynamite’, ‘Burgundy Cotton’, and ‘Whit II’. Crape Myrtle need full sun in Oklahoma; and are tolerant of a wide range of soils. Make sure they get excellent air circulation to avoid powdery mildew. |
Malus sargentii
apple
Deciduous shrub |
This is an exotically beautiful small tree! I say exotic because it will, without any pruning on your part, develop a distinctly ‘oriental’ appearance. Wider than tall…. with a slightly windswept look… this is an excellent tree for planting under power lines because it will never require butchering by the power line tree police. In spring this tree is smothered in small, cherry red flower buds. These open to very pretty, pure white blooms with bright yellow stamens. The spring blooms are followed by development of cherry red persistent fruit. [‘Persistent’ means they stay on the tree instead of littering the lawn.] Please pick a site that allows this tree to achieve its full height and spread… pruning can destroy its beauty. Sargent’s Crabapple is seldom prone to any crabapple problems in our area as long as it is planted in full sun with good air circulation. |
Nandina domestica
heavenly bamboo
Deciduous shrub |
Nandina’s are heavily planted in Oklahoma gardens because they are thought to be very shade tolerant. They are; but siting them in heavy shade deprives you of two of the plant’s more desirable features. In better light, Nandina’s will display showy terminal clusters of white blooms that “lay” across the top of the plant. Better light will also more reliably provide you with foliage that turns bright to deep red during the winter months. I will not recommend the true dwarf [Nandina domestica ‘Nana’] to you because it all too often defoliates in our winters. I can strongly recommend ‘Gulf Stream’, ‘Harbor Dwarf’, ‘Firepower’, and ‘Wood’s Dwarf’ as excellent compact forms of this plant. |
Paeonia suffruticosa
tree peony
Deciduous shrub |
I’ve chosen to list this shrub with perennials because, in my area, perennial gardeners will be far more likely to plant them.
[Just an opinion that has proven pretty well true for the past 31 years.] Tree Peonies in Oklahoma definitely benefit from shade during hot summer afternoons. They also enjoy protection from desiccating southwest summer winds. Give them well amended soil…and avoid moving them. They are slow to establish here… but they are more than well worth the wait. Named cultivars can be found on several reputable internet nurseries. Basic shades of red, pink, and white can be found container grown in local nurseries. Avoid the bare root plants that come in plastic baggies at check-out counters. Tree Peonies are very adaptable to Oklahoma growing conditions… gardens in the old ‘Heritage Hills’ portion of Oklahoma City contain Tree Peonies known to be 75-100 years of age. This is an extraordinary plant… and a beautiful mixed border should contain at least one. Pick your color carefully… it will be with you for a long time. |
Philadelphus 'Belle Etoile'
mock orange
Deciduous shrub |
My initial attraction to this shrub was its mature size. I got the feeling it would not try to overwhelm everything nearby. But ultimately I fell for the blooms. They are large enough to be prominent individually as well as in groups. Four petals create a simple and very beautiful flower. The fragrance is rich and tropical. Cut stems for indoor display just as the buds are coloring. Pay attention to the need for well drained soil. This Mockorange does not like waterlogged or wet soils. Can be acquired locally or on-line. |
Physocarpus opulifolius 'Diabolo'
ninebark
Deciduous shrub |
This is a very adaptable, tolerant shrub for Oklahoma gardens. ‘Diabolo’ has added ornamentation to its list of attributes. The leaves of ‘Diabolo’ are a good purple color that adds a little mystery to the garden. In spring-early summer the mystery is enhanced by attractive pinkish-white bloom clusters. Ninebark benefits from a little afternoon summer shade. But don’t get carried away; too much shade will turn the leaves green and result in fewer blooms. |
Rosa banksiae 'Lutea'
banksia rose
Deciduous shrub |
I cannot resist mentioning one rose that simply will not survive the winters in Saint Louis [zone 7 hardiness]. I first became aware of this rose on a visit to Tombstone, Arizona. The specimen there had been growing on an arbor since the late 1800’s. The trunk is now approximately one foot in diameter. It now covers a 7,000 square foot arbor. It blooms once in late spring, bearing small but exquisitely beautiful pale yellow blossoms. The canes are thornless, and the bark is a terrific cinnamon color, peeling in large vertical strips. I planted one in Oklahoma City in 1992. It’s 3 trunks are only 4 inches each, and it only covers 225 square feet of it’s arbor. But then, it’s only a baby. It is the glory of our garden every spring. If you have an arbor, and some patience, it cannot be recommended strongly enough. |
Rosa 'Dainty Bess'
hybrid tea rose
Deciduous shrub |
Bess may have been dainty, but her rose needs a stronger defining adjective. Good looking foliage on a strong upright form; tolerance of poor soils; free flowering habit; strong resistance to pests & diseases. Does this sound dainty to you? Best of all; the blooms are five petaled singles with a ruffled edge; produced in clusters. The color is a wonderful clear pink; dramatically enhanced by reddish-purple stamens. She may be hard to find; she is impossible to resist. Oh yes, she bloomed repeatedly through 30+ days of 100+ temperatures. |
Rosa 'Golden Wings'
shrub rose
Deciduous shrub |
Any passionate gardener knows that once in a while you see a plant and just cannot get it out of your mind. Such was the case when I saw a climber called ‘Mermaid’ at our local botanical garden. But I just could not justify another large climber in my garden. Then I read in a mail-order catalogue that ‘Golden Wings’ was like a shrub form of ‘Mermaid’ and knew I had to have one. I haven’t been disappointed. The blooms are large singles, creamy light yellow, with reddish orange stamens. They are strikingly beautiful. On top of that, it blooms freely all summer, has a dense bushy habit, few thorns, and no apparent pest or disease problems. This rose is well worth searching out and planting. |
Rosa 'Meidomonac' BONICA
shrub rose
Deciduous shrub |
‘Bonica’ is a medium sized shrub rose; generally growing about 3 feet tall and 3.5 feet wide. The foliage is glossy dark green and usually free of powdery mildew and black spot damage. Blossoms are cupped, fully double, about 3 inches in diameter, borne in terminal clusters and a wonderful pastel pink color. Let the last blooms stay on the shrub and you can enjoy bright orange persistent hips well into the winter months. It is tolerant of a wide range of soil conditions and some degree of drought once established. |
Sambucus nigra 'Gerda' BLACK BEAUTY
black elder
Deciduous shrub |
This is a large plant for large borders or prominent locations… or both. I list it with perennials only because I saw it back to the ground each spring to control its height and spread. Controlled this way, mine get to the 6x6 foot stage… and bloom quite heavily. Although some afternoon shade is acceptable, good light is also important. And good soil that drains fairly well is also to its advantage. I linked to S. nigra ‘Gerda’ because I want to suggest ‘Madonna’ and ‘Gerda’ [Black Beauty] as noteworthy plants. The first has creamy yellow variegation on its foliage and white blooms. The second has smoky black green foliage and nice pink heads of fragrant bloom. ‘Sutherland Gold’ has all golden foliage and is also highly recommended. All do well here with a little planning and mid-summer deep watering. |
Sorbaria sorbifolia
false spiraea
Deciduous shrub |
Many gardeners love a perennial called Astilbe, but few gardeners in our area have had any prolonged success with them. Think of Ural False Spirea as a durable, and very large white Astilbe…..and you might be more tempted to grow them in your garden. Here are several more reasons: [1] It is one of the very first shrubs to leaf out in spring [2] The new leaves have a terrific copper, bronze, purple coloration [3] the leaves have a distinct, delicate, and rich “pleated” appearance throughout the growing season & [4] The bloom panicles are quite large, pure white, and very showy. Plant it in full sun to light shade, in good soil, and make sure you provide supplemental water during summer’s high heat. |
Spiraea japonica 'Goldflame'
Japanese spirea
Deciduous shrub |
What this shrub lacks in size, it more than makes up for with impact. The new spring growth is red copper and gold. As the leaves mature they take on a fairly uniform gold color. This foliage is “topped” with flat heads of good pink blooms during the summer months. In the fall, foliage again turns shades of gold and red. It makes a colorful and durable contribution to mixed borders. |
Syringa pubescens subsp. patula 'Miss Kim'
Manchurian lilac
Deciduous shrub |
Excellent resistance to powdery mildew is reason enough to plant this lilac in your garden. You also get beautiful, fragrant spring blooms and good burgundy red fall foliage. Plant in rich, but well drained soil and run slightly moist during periods of high heat. Making sure the location has good air circulation will cinch preventing mildew. Full sun is recommended in Oklahoma as in Missouri. |
Viburnum acerifolium
mapleleaf viburnum
Deciduous shrub |
This Viburnum is valuable for its willingness to bloom and develop fall foliage color when planted in shade. Plant it just as you would any Viburnum…. Give it sun to some shade in good, mildly moist soil. Prune only just after flowering. |
Viburnum plicatum 'Summer Snowflake'
Japanese snowball
Deciduous shrub |
This doublefile viburnum has several desirable attributes. It blooms profusely in spring. The blooms line up on horizontal branches to give the shrub a “layer cake” look. Sporadic rebloom occurs through the summer into fall. The foliage is very attractive; with good color and distinctive veining. Foliage often turns good shades of red & wine in the fall. The mature size allows its use in smaller gardens. Give ‘Summer Snowflake’ good soil and light afternoon summer shade. Supply consistent water in periods of high heat. |
Viburnum x burkwoodii 'Mohawk'
burkwood viburnum
Deciduous shrub |
If possible plant this shrub on the north or east side of your home; and fairly close to the front entry or the patio. Your family and friends will be rewarded with a real treat in late spring. Rounded clusters of red tipped flower buds will open….forming tight 3.5-4 inch hemispheres of waxy white blossoms lightly splashed with soft pink. The treat consists of an easily noticeable fragrance that is sweet without being cloying. Note: if the weather is “Oklahoma windy” while Mohawk Viburnum is in bloom; by all means cut some stems for an indoor vase; and enjoy the fragrance indoors. Once bloom is finished for the season, do any pruning you feel is needed. Pruning later in summer, or fall, or winter will deprive you of blooms the following year. Mohawk Viburnum finishes the growing season with a good display of maroon foliage that lasts through all but the hardest winters. |
Viburnum x juddii
Judd viburnum
Deciduous shrub |
[This comment virtually duplicates the entry for ‘Mohawk’ Viburnum. These plants have the same cultural needs. Mohawk Viburnum is evergreen in Oklahoma. Judd’s Viburnum is deciduous.] If possible plant this shrub on the north or east side of your home; and fairly close to the front entry or the patio. Your family and friends will be rewarded with a real treat in late spring. Rounded clusters of red tipped flower buds will open….forming tight 3.5-4 inch hemispheres of waxy white blossoms lightly splashed with soft pink. The treat consists of an easily noticeable fragrance that is sweet without being cloying. Note: if the weather is “Oklahoma windy” while Judd’s Viburnum is in bloom; by all means cut some stems for an indoor vase. Once bloom is finished for the season, do any pruning you feel is needed. Pruning later in summer, or fall, or winter will deprive you of blooms the following year. Judd’s Viburnum finishes the growing season with a good display of maroon foliage before losing it’s leaves to winter dormancy. |
Xanthoceras sorbifolium
yellowhorn
Deciduous shrub |
Very few Oklahoma gardeners are familiar with this shrub or small tree. I cannot tell you why; I can only suggest it be planted much more frequently. The spring bloom is well worth any significant lack of interest later on. It’s blooms, about 1 inch in diameter, are five petaled and pure white with a yellow or red throat. They appear as terminal clusters on the end of each branch; shortly after Forsythia’s bloom in spring. Careful pruning after blooming can keep Yellowhorn looking like a small shrub. Left unchecked, it will reach 8-12 feet with a 4-10 foot spread in central Oklahoma. It is tolerant of a wide range of soil conditions, as well as drought and heat. |
Athyrium niponicum var. pictum
Japanese painted fern
Fern |
This fern could easily be seen as the most popular one grown in Oklahoma gardens. The subtle shadings of color in its fronds gives it a nicely exotic “look.” It is small in stature….so consider planting it close to a viewing area. Based on numerous plantings at the OU Medical Center, I can say this fern grows quite well, and holds color, in pretty serious shade. |
Dryopteris erythrosora
Japanese shield fern
Fern |
Autumn Fern has proven to be an exceptionally reliable fern for Oklahoma City gardens. It does need afternoon summer shade, well amended soils, and extra water during high heat. Given those conditions it provides a lush “mound” of fronds with an excellent medium green color. The new fronds have a very attractive bronze coloration that lasts quite awhile and distinguishes this fern from many others. Mine have proven almost evergreen for several winters. I remove old fronds in spring to encourage lots of new ones. This fern looks just terrific in flower arrangements. |
Polystichum polyblepharum
tassel fern
Fern |
Another very hardy fern for central Oklahoma gardens. The fronds are dark green, with a somewhat leathery texture. The stalk is covered with cinnamon gold “hair”…which gives emerging fiddlenecks an exotic appearance. Evergreen in mild winters here. Remove unsightly foliage as it develops. Of the 5 ferns I grow, this one is decidedly the most striking. |
Acanthus spinosus
bear's breeches
Herbaceous perennial |
This is a fascinating perennial for Oklahoma gardens….. but it is seldom used in them. The leaves are bold & dramatic, and stand out well in heavily planted borders. The spike of blooms is downright architectural. It is thick and strong, capable of weathering our winds without staking, and is the center of attention during its bloom span. The only downside is the fragrance of the blooms…. it isn’t called bear’s breeches for nothing! Plant it far enough away not to smell it. Give it good, organic, well-drained soils and afternoon summer shade. |
Achillea 'Terracotta'
yarrow
Herbaceous perennial |
Yarrows love Oklahoma! And Oklahoma gardeners love Yarrow… I’ll mention this perennial with an emphasis on ‘Terracotta’ because we all too often plant only the yellow, and occasionally the red, yarrows. I’ll also suggest it by way of suggesting mixing yellows, burnt oranges, and reds in beds to both increase bloom time and offer a distinct prairie sunset look to the garden. Good drainage is even more imperative here than in Missouri….because we always assume this plant will do well in any sunny garden here. It most frequently fails because of wet roots and poorly drained soils. |
Adenophora liliifolia
ladybells
Herbaceous perennial |
Ladybells are dramatically beautiful flowers… and deserve more use in Oklahoma gardens. Give them organic, moist to wet, but very well-drained soils in afternoon summer shade and it will perform admirably. Pay attention to the PlantFinder comment about not moving or dividing this perennial. It does not like being disturbed once it is sited. If you have trouble finding it locally, it is widely available on-line. |
Aegopodium podagraria 'Variegatum'
bishop's weed
Herbaceous perennial |
I mention this groundcover because it is not the rampant spreader on the lower great plains that it is in Saint Louis. Even if it does escape the bounds you set for it, removal is a snap compared to the removal of say, monkey grass or daylilies. I recommend it for the cheerful color it lends a garden bed….and the enhancement it offers to green leaved plants. The blooms are very delicate in appearance but are noticeably prominent en masse. It will spread less enthusiastically in lean or dry soils….but will also be more susceptible to leaf burn during summer’s heat. Light shade and slightly moist soil is recommended for best performance here. |
Ajania pacifica
ajania
Herbaceous perennial |
As you can see, this is not the usual genus for mums. I can only imagine that this plant acquired it’s common name because it’s growth habit & form closely resembles chrysanthemums and because it blooms in the fall. Nonetheless, this is a terrific, low, dense “groundcover” for sunny areas. The grayish foliage edged in silver contrasts beautifully with the green foliage of other plants. The blooms are nice to have….but relatively inconspicuous. Grow this one for it’s foliage. |
Anemone x hybrida 'Honorine Jobert'
windflower
Herbaceous perennial |
Pay careful attention to the cultural notes on PlantFinder if you want to grow Japanese Anemones in Oklahoma. Providing those considerations will reward you with thoroughly unique blooms in late summer and early fall. I say “unique” because Japanese Anemones could and should be planted more frequently in our gardens. Their beauty is delicate, alluring and, once established very commanding. Peony cages are an excellent, and unobtrusive, way to stake this fine plant. Oh, and be patient… because these are slow to establish. |
Artemisia 'Powis Castle'
wormwood
Herbaceous perennial |
In a perennial border or mixed border, foliage is just as important as bloom…..because the foliage has season long interest and the blooms come and go. ‘Powis Castle’ Artemisia is invaluable in this regard. The silver-pewter color of it’s foliage compliments any green leaves or bloom colors close by. A well-drained site is essential, as is full sun. Because Oklahoma has a longer growing season than Saint Louis, you can expect a larger plant than described in PlantFinder. One suggestion: this plant is a superb companion plant for roses. |
Artemisia vulgaris 'Janlim' ORIENTAL LIMELIGHT
wormwood
Herbaceous perennial |
I’ve been growing this perennial in light shade for the past 7 years. Most of the direct sun it gets is from 2:30pm on in the summer. It has retained it’s variegated foliage color, gotten at most 18 inches tall, and spreads at a sedate and easily managed pace. It contributes to the shade bed as a moderately tall, and nicely colorful groundcover….growing around and under hostas, ferns, bulbs, lilies, knotweed, and chrysanthemums. I cut it back if it gets tall enough to muddy the overall planting scheme. But it does not dominate the plants around it…. Rather it seems to accommodate itself to the other plants… happy to be a companion. Next year it will be growing in and among clumps of Rudbeckia fulgida ‘Goldsturm’…..in addition to the other plants already mentioned. This is a nice, low-maintenance and colorful groundcover….and deserves more use in Oklahoma gardens. It waded through our recent heat wave without a blemish. A note: planting in full sun and good soil will cause it to grow taller and spread more aggressively. Generous watering will speed it’s spread. I guess I’m suggesting lean and slightly shady conditions if you want a more manageable plant. |
Asclepias tuberosa
butterfly weed
Herbaceous perennial |
This is an elegant and all-too-frequently overlooked perennial Oklahoma native. I think many people avoid it or fail with it because they fail to understand how lean and dry and hot and sunny this plant likes it. Give it VERY well-drained soil in full sun, hardly ever water it, and never feed it… and it will do great for you. By all means try it….. the orange flowers are very striking and attractive…. and the plant is an absolute butterfly magnet. Your garden will be awash in flights of beauty when this perennial is in bloom. |
Aster x frikartii 'Monch'
aster
Herbaceous perennial |
When Oklahoma gardeners think in terms of fall bloom, we generally think “Mums!” Period. Monch Aster will open up a whole new world of fall bloom for us. The lavender blue blooms with yellow centers are a terrific alternative to mums, and I also find they are easier to grow. Many of the other species & cultivars of Aster that are listed by PlantFinder will perform quite well here. Shade on hot summer afternoons is a good idea in our area. And supplemental water will be necessary during the heat of summer. Plant asters in generously amended garden soil. Pinch the plant’s growing tips when they are about 6 inches tall. This will give you a bushier plant by fall, with many blooms. |
Baptisia australis
blue false indigo
Herbaceous perennial |
It’s bloom period doesn’t last long enough to suit me [I want MORE !]….but I really enjoy the blue-gray foliage topped with racemes of the nicest blue flowers. The seedpods that follow are the same deep blue as the blooms, with a flatter finish. The seedpod stalks are great in dried arrangements. Give this perennial plenty of sun…and not overly rich soil. Water deeply but allow drying out before re-watering. This is a very good and attractive perennial for middle & back portions of sunny borders in our area. |
Brunnera macrophylla 'Hadspen Cream'
Siberian bugloss
Herbaceous perennial |
PlantFinder notes stipulate that brunnera: “Prefers consistently moist, organically rich soils in shady areas. Tolerant of some light morning sun, but variegated leaf edges will often scorch if foliage is exposed to direct afternoon sun.” Take this advice to heart in central Oklahoma and you can expect good success with this perennial. The foliage is handsomely variegated, and the flowers are just plain delightful. The flower’s common name is perfectly appropriate: ‘Forget Me Nots.’ |
Campanula persicifolia 'Chettle Charm'
peach-leaved bellflower
Herbaceous perennial |
This species, and it’s cultivars, have a commanding presence in any garden in which they are planted. The stems grow to 3 feet in central Oklahoma and the blooms are large and showy. A large and established planting in Oklahoma City’s Myriad Gardens attests to it’s hardiness in our area. The strong stems don’t seem to need staking… though protection from stiff southwest winds is recommended. I definitely suggest some afternoon summer shade for best results. Water consistently through the heat of summer… it fades fast if allowed to run too dry. All four of the cultivars listed in PlantFinder should do well in Oklahoma gardens. |
Centaurea montana
mountain bluet
Herbaceous perennial |
Oklahoma gardeners normally call the native version of this flower a ‘cornflower.’ The species listed here has a much larger, much more ornamental bloom. Plant them in a “hot spot” – a sunny place with lean, dry soil. They will love it there… and you will be able to appreciate them yearly. All Centaurea’s mentioned by PlantFinder should do well in our area. |
Centranthus ruber
red valerian
Herbaceous perennial |
Although I don’t see a lot of this perennial in Oklahoma gardens, there is every reason they should succeed here. They like alkaline soils & full sun. Our leaner soils should only provide a more compact plant. This perennial has a distinct appeal… its flowers are a unusual shade of red that is very attractive…. particularly in combination with blue blooms or foliage. The white form will do equally well here. |
Clematis integrifolia 'Caerulea'
solitary clematis
Herbaceous perennial |
This is a “bush” form of clematis… and it is highly attractive in bloom or out. I’ll recommend some summer afternoon shade and good, rich, well-drained soil. The four-sepaled, nodding blue blooms are distinctive and beautiful. My favorite aspect of this plant is the seedhead….. a marvelously complex and delicately striking creation. They give the whole plant an ethereal look that demands… and gets…. repeated glances. |
Coreopsis verticillata 'Moonbeam'
threadleaf coreopsis
Herbaceous perennial |
I’m linking to this particular coreopsis because I like the paler yellow of its blooms. But please understand that all coreopsis are top notch performers in Oklahoma gardens. They love our hot sun and our heavy, alkaline soils. Just remember… they will appreciate being ignored more than they will appreciate good care. Most gardeners kill coreopsis by giving them too much attention. |
Crambe cordifolia
colewort
Herbaceous perennial |
PlantFinder suggests this perennial will not appreciate our heat and humidity. Despite that note of caution, I have seen several very attractive specimens in Oklahoma gardens. If you choose to try this perennial, consider these suggestions. Plant in full sun only… and in soil that can easily be kept moist. Hide the foliage mound of cabbage-like leaves behind other plants. [The foliage is subject to many kinds of chewing insects and frequently looks ratty.] You are planting this perennial for its enormous “cloud” of delicate blooms. Even though they don’t last long… they will be a hot topic of conversation while in bloom. By all means, stake the flower stalk sturdily…. it is heavy and will be blown over by our winds. I wouldn’t be surprised if you’re thinking “Why in the world does this guy want me to plant this ratty looking plant!” Look at the PlantFinder image in the bottom left of the page. Imagine a bloom display roughly 10 larger than the one in the image, floating 4 to 5 feet in the air. I think you’ve answered your own question. |
Datura inoxia
angel's trumpet
Herbaceous perennial |
Moonflowers can get very large…so be prepared to allow them plenty of space in your sunny border. Other than sun and space they are very undemanding. Your reward is a huge number of enormous white blooms that open majestically at dusk and are gone by late the next day. The blooms have a terrific fragrance, but you might have a little trouble discerning that in Oklahoma’s windy weather. Deadhead frequently to avoid a decline in blooms caused by seed production. |
Echinacea purpurea
purple coneflower
Herbaceous perennial |
A wonderfully free-flowering perennial for sunny borders. Deadhead spent blooms to keep new ones coming. But let the last stems and seedheads remain in the fall…they are attractive into winter. Sunny well-drained sites are best. |
Echinacea purpurea 'White Swan'
purple coneflower
Herbaceous perennial |
This is just the ticket for Shasta Daisy lovers. The blooms are larger….and they appear all summer long providing you deadhead. For sunny well-drained locations in the border. Try this one in combination with Russian Sage and perennial Salvias….you won’t be disappointed. |
Eupatorium rugosum 'Chocolate'
white snakeroot
Herbaceous perennial |
Plant in full sun sites with well-drained soil that can be kept moist to wet. Note the distinction… you want moist to wet without becoming waterlogged. Summer afternoon shade is desirable to a degree, but don’t overdo it. By all means, deadhead spent blooms to avoid unwanted seedlings the following year. Plants like this one and Sambucus nigra ‘Gerda’ offer us strikingly unique foliage and bloom combinations. They can be very complimentary to your garden, or they could be simply garish. Plan companion plants carefully to take advantage of these unique foliage colors. |
Euphorbia characias 'Tasmanian Tiger'
spurge
Herbaceous perennial |
A brand new introduction in our area…. and therefore untested. But well worth trying to grow. The foliage is beautifully variegated with clear white edges. Very well-drained soil is essential to its success. Full sun is also recommended, but it will tolerate some light shade. ‘Tasmanian Tiger’ has tremendous potential for Oklahoma gardeners. It is well worth looking for and planting. |
Geranium x cantabrigiense 'Biokovo'
hardy geranium
Herbaceous perennial |
This genus should not be confused with the annual bedding plant known and loved by your Grandmother. Their genus name is Pelargonium. Unlike bedding geraniums, Cranesbill species and cultivars are reliably perennial in Oklahoma. They also produce a much more subtle, yet much more beautiful, flower than the bedding plant. Site them in organically amended, well-drained soils and provide some supplemental water during summer’s high heat. Some shade on summer afternoons is also beneficial in our part of the country. ‘Biokovo’ is very nice because it’s white petals are tinged pink and the stamens are pink. It is delicate and beautiful in a wonderfully feminine way. Other cultivars I can highly recommend for Oklahomans include, but are not limited to: ‘Kashmir White’, ‘Wargrave Pink’, G. phaeum [for shady locations], ‘Johnson’s Blue’, G. sanguineum var. striatum [the dark veins on pink petals are very alluring], and a new cultivar called ‘Splish Splash’ [with lavender blue streaks on white blooms, it is both subtle and in-your-face.] This genus is strangely ignored by many Oklahoma gardeners. Perhaps it’s our love for “big” blooms…perhaps these plants just look too delicate out here on the big, bad prairie… perhaps we have tried them and failed. Here is a little encouragement to try again… Cranesbills survive and thrive here, and are well worth planting. Once you see them bloom in your garden, you will want to see them again and again. |
Gerbera jamesonii
Transvaal daisy
Herbaceous perennial |
Winters are getting warmer in this part of the country and, for the time being, Gerbera Daisies seem to be perennial. Our garden has seen their return for the past five years. They seem amenable to light shade, but remember they need well-drained soil that stays lightly moist. They will rot if sited in soil that stays wet all winter…. or too wet in summer. (Perennial in Zone 7.) |
Helleborus orientalis
hellebore
Herbaceous perennial |
The lack of Hellebores in Oklahoma gardens continues to be a mystery to me. PlantFinder says the evergreen foliage may scorch & burn in Saint Louis. In Oklahoma City gardens that rarely happens. Which leaves you with an evergreen perennial that blooms in winter. What a treat! On top of that, the blooms are singular and striking, and the foliage is too. These plants are the perfect Hosta substitute for sunnier areas, remembering that some afternoon shade is still desirable. The planting site should be vigorously amended with organic materials like peat moss and compost. Remove spent foliage after blooms decline for a new set of leaves and a fresh look for spring. |
Hemerocallis 'Fairy Tale Pink'
daylily
Herbaceous perennial |
Any Oklahoma gardener will tell you daylilies are easy to grow. I’m mentioning a specific daylily for a specific reason. Try planting this particular cultivar adjacent to Rudbeckia fulgida ‘Goldsturm’….aka Black-Eyed Susan. The combination is very striking. All daylily notes on PlantFinder apply here as easily as they do in Missouri. |
Hemerocallis 'Hyperion'
daylily
Herbaceous perennial |
I mention this specific daylily because it’s diploid blooms are nicely fragrant. This daylily needs to be planted close to a patio or entry to appreciate the scent. Yellow blooms measuring 4 inches are nicely showy without being garish. |
Heuchera 'Crimson Curls'
coral bells
Herbaceous perennial |
This particular cultivar of Heuchera deserves a “very tough” rating. It waded through the 2006 heat wave with flying colors. The curled leaves maintained good coloration in my garden even though planted in fairly good shade. ‘Crimson Curls’ was purchased locally and is definitely worth a search, and subsequent planting, in your garden. |
Heuchera micrantha var. diversifolia 'Palace Purple'
coral bells
Herbaceous perennial |
Another excellent Coral Bells for our gardens…even though the name is bigger than the plant. [Just kidding.] This cultivar is proving to be one of the more sun tolerant Heucheras for our area….though full sun is not recommended. The foliage retains its color best with some direct light. All Heucheras need significantly amended soil in our area….plenty of peat moss and compost. |
Hibiscus 'Blue River II'
hardy hibiscus
Herbaceous perennial |
The vast majority of hardy Hibiscus in Oklahoma gardens are red. Period! It is for that very reason I suggest planting ‘Blue River II’. The blossoms are pure white…..with no secondary coloration to the throat. And they are HUGE! Full sun is needed for good flower production…..and supplemental water during high summer heat is very beneficial. Bold & beautiful! |
Hosta sieboldiana 'Elegans'
hosta
Herbaceous perennial |
This is another grouping of plants that are considered reliable and hardy in central & eastern Oklahoma gardens. And again, I am mentioning a plant for specific reasons. First, because slugs are very damaging to Hostas in our area….I will offer an interesting and little heard of suggestion. You know those spiny Sweetgum balls you hate to step on in the lawn? Well, gather them and place them in a circular mound around the crown and under the leaves of Hostas. This spiny barrier will effectively deter the vast majority of slugs. Second reason for mentioning Hostas: around here the variegated Hostas and those with golden foliage are much more likely to suffer from sunburned & slug-damaged leaves than the green & blue-leafed cultivars. Of the blues, I will strongly recommend: ‘Blue Cadet’, ‘Blue Danube’, ‘Blue Wedgwood’, ‘Dorset Blue’, ‘Halcyon’, ‘Blue Umbrellas’, ‘Krossa Regal’ and Hosta sieboldiana ‘Elegans.’ One of the finest green leaved Hostas is Hosta plantaginea var. japonica. I’m recommending it for the pure white color, size and fragrance of its blooms. Oh yes, I linked to Hosta sieboldiana ‘Elegans’ because it is a bold plant with large blue grey leaves and prominent white blooms set down within the foliage. It is a favorite for slug resistance as well. |
Iris 'Beverly Sills'
tall bearded iris
Herbaceous perennial |
In one respect, I’m only using ‘Beverly Sills’ as a steppingstone to talking about Bearded Iris in general. These are clear mainstays in Oklahoma gardens. They create nicely clumped plantings in the middles or fronts of borders. Their bold vertical strap leaves provide good counterpoint to the foliage around them. And the blooms are stately, generously sized and beautifully colored. I also tagged these notes to ‘Beverly Sills’ because it is a strikingly beautiful, clear pink example of bearded iris at its best. One of our countries best respected Iris hybridizers used to grow and sell his plants here. He has since relocated to Oregon….but his many forms of Bearded Iris live on in many gardens. Dividing clumps every 2-4 years will best insure vigorous rhizomes and blooms. |
Iris 'Fourfold White'
Siberian iris
Herbaceous perennial |
PlantFinder notes on this species and its cultivars suggest they can be grown in dry & poor soils. Oklahoma gardeners would be well advised to ignore this tolerance… and amend the soil vigorously with plenty of organic matter. These Iris will perform much better for us in well amended soils…and reward us with a much more generous bloom display. I would also suggest light shade on summer afternoons between noon and 4pm. As you can see, there are plenty of cultivars…and most will do well here. I linked to ‘Fourfold White’ because white blooms show up so nicely at night, while the more common purple colors fade into the gloom. Local sources are usually limited to 3-5 varieties, but many more can be found on-line. Siberian Iris are very beautiful… and our gardens, borders & cut-flower arrangements would be enriched enormously by planting a few of them. |
Iris pallida 'Variegata'
Dalmatian iris
Herbaceous perennial |
This iris is just as pretty out of bloom as it is when flowers are present. The variegation on the leaves lets it stand out prominently in borders of predominantly green foliage. Plant this iris in well-drained, rich, organic soil. Provide supplemental water in periods of high heat. Good sunlight is needed for good bloom. |
Lamium galeobdolon subsp. montanum 'Florentinum'
yellow archangel
Herbaceous perennial |
This is a terrific groundcover for dry shade… if you don’t mind a plant that vigorously spreads once established. Both foliage & bloom are highly attractive. This is a great companion plant for large hostas. Follow PlantFinder cultural guidelines in our area as well. I would not suggest this for a mixed bed full of small and valuable perennials. It will EAT them. |
Leucanthemum x superbum 'Polaris'
shasta daisy
Herbaceous perennial |
‘Alaska’ is tall enough to require staking in Oklahoma… and even that sometimes does not protect it from flattening by our winds. ‘Snow Lady’ is so short it sometimes looks more like a mum than a Shasta Daisy. I prefer ‘Polaris’ because it’s final height [2-3 feet] is “just right” in our gardens. PlantFinder recommends deadheading to prolong the bloom season. Good idea. It also recommends dividing the clump every 2-3 years to maintain vigor. Another good idea. |
Liatris ligulistylis 'Monarch'
button snake root
Herbaceous perennial |
Gardeners need to know that this Liatris attracts Monarch Butterflies far more readily than the L. spicata ‘Kobold’ that has been so available in local nurseries. If you cannot find Liatris ligulistylis locally, try on-line. I found 7 well respected on-line nurseries within a 3 page search on Google who carry this species. Follow PlantFinder cultural notes for good success with this perennial in our gardens. |
Liriope muscari
lily turf
Herbaceous perennial |
Liriope seems to be used in our area in one of two ways. First are those who plant a row of Liriope along their front walk or as a border around the perimeter of beds. These gardeners many times end up complaining because it had spread. The second group plants Liriope as a solid groundcover under shrubs or trees. These gardeners are usually happy because their groundcover is practically evergreen, very low maintenance once established, and it blooms in late summer. NOTE: I do advise running over it with a mower on its highest setting in late winter or very early spring. This will eliminate the “thatch” of browned foliage at the base of borders or beds....and make the whole area look much better later in the summer. As PlantFinder notes, the species “spicata” spreads more aggressively than the species “muscari”. Even so, large plantings of ‘Silver Dragon’ Liriope are usually very beautiful. |
Lobelia siphilitica
blue cardinal flower
Herbaceous perennial |
You can succeed very well with this perennial in our area. Make sure you give it a well amended soil with plenty of compost. And provide noon to four p.m. shade in summer. Provide supplemental water during periods of high heat. Staking in our high winds is almost always advantageous. Better yet, simply locate it in the north and east beds around your home. The benefits outweigh the work….these are beautiful flowers. |
Lysimachia clethroides
gooseneck loosestrife
Herbaceous perennial |
This is a terrific, and rarely planted perennial for our gardens.
Individual stems rise from underground rhizomes. They are clothed in good, apple green leaves. In spring to early summer each stem carries a great looking bloom spike [raceme, to be horticulturally correct.] The raceme arches up and over, then up again….. creating a relaxed horizontal “S” shape. Each raceme is covered with very small, creamy white blooms. This perennial will spread rapidly if planted in moist to wet sunny sites. Less invasiveness is common in drier soils and/or light shade. Don’t let their spreading habit stop you from enjoying them. The spread can be controlled without too much effort…..and the bloom display guarantees you will like this graceful and beautiful plant. |
Lysimachia punctata 'Alexander'
loosestrife
Herbaceous perennial |
A thoroughly beautiful perennial. Creamy yellow margins accentuate the green foliage and the bright yellow blooms are large enough to be easily viewed from a distance. The Myriad’s Meinder’s Garden used to contain an enormous & eye-catching specimen…but it spread too enthusiastically and was removed. So be warned…you might feel compelled to occasionally control the spread of this perennial… but that should not stop you from planting, and enjoying, this delightful plant. After all, in some Oklahoma gardens, a spreading “invasive” plant would simply fill up a lot of otherwise bare ground. |
Lythrum salicaria
purple loosestrife
Herbaceous perennial |
Back in the days when perennials were still a novelty to be experimented with; I planted two loosestrifes in my parents garden. In a sunny, moisture retentive part of the beds. By the 3rd summer we were seeing 6 x 6 foot plants, with non-stop bloom spikes from early summer ‘til fall. There are now more compact varieties… so don’t let the size comment deter you from trying this exceptional perennial. They are also, conveniently, not illegal to plant here. Oklahoma conditions have so far controlled it’s invasive qualities. [At this point, I do recommend removing bloom spikes before seed matures and disperses.] Let’s see… this is a dominant, impressive plant in bloom. Sunny sites with heavier soils are ideal planting locations. Cut it back to the ground early every spring for a lush new stand of stems and foliage and bloom. Your biggest difficulty will be choosing companion plants that are flattered by Lythrum’s bold magenta blooms. [Pale blues and yellows work very well. Whites are an understandable given. Clear pinks really glow next to Loosestrife. Deep purples create a dignified grouping.] It looks great with annual ‘Purple Fountain’ grass and the newer ‘Blackie’ potato vines. |
Nepeta x faassenii
nepeta
Herbaceous perennial |
I was introduced to Faassen’s Catmint through English gardening books that told of its use at the base of roses. They were right; it not only looks great… it shades the soil… its gray green foliage contrasts beautifully with rose foliage… and its bloom color compliments the color of any rose. After initial blooms begin to fade, cut it back somewhat for another bloom display in late summer and fall. ‘Six Hills Giant’ is an excellent taller cultivar….reaching 2 feet. ‘Walker’s Low’ is a compact form that stays shorter than ‘Faassen’s.’ IMPORTANT NOTE: Nepeta mussinii is a poor substitute for any of the 3 cultivars mentioned here. The foliage is not as attractive, and it does not repeat bloom nearly as well. |
Origanum 'Kent Beauty'
marjoram
Herbaceous perennial |
If you have a sharply well-drained site in full sun, you’ll want to find some ‘Kent Beauty’ Oregano to plant there. PlantFinder sums up the best reason when they say “Unique, drooping, pink-bracted, hop-like flowers bloom in whorls from summer to fall.” They are very beautiful, and you’ll enjoy having them hang around in your garden. |
Paeonia lactiflora 'Charles Burgess'
peony
Herbaceous perennial |
The herbaceous peony is a true garden “aristocrat” – that could easily find a place in almost any Oklahoma garden. Here is just one cultivar but many perform very well. There are simply not enough superlatives to adequately describe the beauty of a peony in full bloom. Cultural notes specific to Oklahoma gardeners emphasize [1] the need for well-drained soils [2] the need for soils generously amended with organic materials [3] the need for staking in our strong winds….[”peony cages” are available at local nurseries]… [4] a recommendation for light summer afternoon shade and [5] the occasional need for fungicidal sprays to avoid disease problems. Given respect for its cultural needs, gardeners could not ask for a more sumptuous garden flower. I know of peonies in a local ‘National Registry’ home garden that have been growing there continuously since 1903. An aesthetic note: our sun’s rays are strong and penetrating by the time Peonies bloom, so you might want to look at the brighter and stronger bloom colors in this genus and species. Those colors will withstand the tendency of our light to wash colors out of blooms. |
Penstemon digitalis 'Husker Red'
beard tongue
Herbaceous perennial |
Established clumps of ‘Huskers Red’ Penstemon make a bold and dramatic statement in the middle to front of a sunny border. A buying tip: look for pots of this cultivar that already have dark red leaves. Otherwise you might be getting something else. Good soil is important, so amend the soil from the hole generously with compost before setting in the plant. Good drainage is very important around here. Wet roots, particularly in winter, will doom the plant. So water thoroughly when you do, but insure that extra water will drain well away from Penstemon roots. |
Perovskia atriplicifolia
Russian sage
Herbaceous perennial |
Follow PlantFinder’s cultural suggestions to the letter to achieve best success with this perennial. The gray-green foliage is a nice contrast to the green of shrubs and other perennials. And the blue, slightly lavender, blooms compliment any adjacent flowers. The entire effect of finely cut foliage and muted bloom spikes is colorful, yet very subtle. |
Persicaria polymorpha
knotweed
Herbaceous perennial |
This non-invasive knotweed was first seen in the Kemper Center borders. It was beautiful…..arching stems covered with shiny green leaves and plumes of ivory white blooms. Give it a well amended, well-draining soil and a little summer afternoon shade. The sizes described by PlantFinder are very easily reached here, so locate it toward the middle or back of your border. |
Phlox divaricata
wild sweet William
Herbaceous perennial |
This phlox, unlike the one we are most accustomed to, grows and blooms well in moist shade. You won’t want to let this one dry out between waterings. You won’t find a much more appealing picture than a drift of this phlox & lots of spring bulbs blooming under your favorite shade tree. The color of the phlox bloom compliments any bulb bloom colors you plant nearby. |
Phlox paniculata 'Mount Fuji'
garden phlox
Herbaceous perennial |
This cultivar of tall phlox, and the many other cultivars, will perform best if all of the cultural recommendations offered on PlantFinder are carefully adhered to by Oklahoma gardeners.
Given these conditions, the tall phlox make a striking contribution to our summer gardens. You’ll know how hardy they are when you see them blooming at old abandoned farmsteads around central Oklahoma. |
Platycodon grandiflorus 'Astra Pink'
balloon flower
Herbaceous perennial |
I thoroughly enjoy all of the balloon flowers in any garden. The buds that look like little hot-air balloons are just as interesting as the opened blooms are beautiful. And the blooms are large enough to be appreciated from a reasonable distance. ‘Astra Pink’ is a wonderfully clear pink version of this terrific perennial.
Follow PlantFinder cultural guidelines for best results in our area. |
Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum 'Variegatum'
Solomon's seal
Herbaceous perennial |
This perennial is a real showstopper for gardeners with moist to wet well-drained soils in partial to full shade. It spreads, but at an easily controllable rate. At the same time, it looks good intermingling with the perennials around it. The blooms are very “subtle” and deserve to be appreciated close-up. Plant them near an entry or patio if you can. |
Pulsatilla vulgaris
pasque flower
Herbaceous perennial |
Pasque flower is as elegant as it is beautiful. The frayed silky look of the buds, leaves, and stems is the first sight that will draw your attention. But the combination of regal purple blooms and grayish foliage should stop you dead in your tracks. Well-drained yet moist soil and a little light shade are essential to its success here. |
Ratibida columnifera
long-head coneflower
Herbaceous perennial |
I would think this would be an essential plant for any xeriscape garden. It throws a great profusion of small, unique, highly ornamental blooms. Its membership in the aster family guarantees a somewhat unkempt & languid look as a whole. But planted among other wildflowers, it mixes and mingles in a very complimentary way. Follow PlantFinder recommendations for success with this wildflower. And don’t coddle it. |
Rudbeckia fulgida var. sullivantii 'Goldsturm'
black-eyed Susan
Herbaceous perennial |
Black eyed Susan’s are one of the backbones of late summer perennial borders. They prefer full sun, but will bloom in light shade. They spread, but are easily controlled, They are occasionally damaged by leaf-eaters, but this doesn’t really detract from their good-looks in bloom and out. They are perfectly adapted to our hot sunny borders. This particular cultivar is compact, and won’t need staking. |
Salvia farinacea 'Victoria Blue'
mealycup sage
Herbaceous perennial |
I won’t deny the appeal of this non-stop blooming Salvia. But I mention it here because many nurseries sell it as a perennial… and it is not reliably hardy here. I know of one nursery that sold literally hundreds of them one season…. Then sold hundreds more to the same customers the following year. By all means use it in pots or beds for great color….but do not count on it returning the following year. There are other, much better Salvia’s available that make investing much in this one rather costly and frivolous. |
Salvia guaranitica
anise-scented sage
Herbaceous perennial |
‘Black and Blue’ is an exceptionally beautiful cultivar of anise sage for our gardens. The brilliant blue blooms emerge from smoky black calyxes on black stems. The foliage is bright medium green. The three colors make a combination that is striking and rarely seen in the plant world. I suggest a site close to patio or front entry, because the blooms are not large….and will best be appreciated when you are close to the plant. Mulch heavily in the winter….this is a decidedly tender perennial. Better yet, plant it on the south side of your home in a richly organic sunny bed. Mine has returned for the past two seasons…. But I will gladly purchase new plants if they don’t come back in 2007. Their beauty is worth it… and so is my garden. |
Salvia officinalis 'Berggarten'
common sage
Herbaceous perennial |
In my humble opinion, this is a superior sage for use in the kitchen. The flavor is terrific. The leaves make a distinctly silver mound in the garden. Give it full sun and well-drained soils. Ideally, it belongs in a hot, dry corner of your garden that you can also dedicate to thyme’s and rosemary and oregano. To use frequently, you must be willing to pinch out flower formations as they occur, because this will insure the continued production of fresh leaves. Anyway, this one is easy to find… just make sure the tag says ‘Berggarten.’ |
Salvia transsylvanica 'Blue Cloud'
sage
Herbaceous perennial |
This is a terrific perennial if you have well-drained soil you’re willing to run slightly moist in summer. They are drought tolerant if necessary. The blooms are a wonderful shade of blue….and make very good cut flowers. They attract butterflies to our gardens. You may have to look for this one, but it’s reliable hardiness and good looks make the search worthwhile. |
Salvia x sylvestris 'Mainacht' MAY NIGHT
wood sage
Herbaceous perennial |
An excellent plant for moist sunny areas. It will tolerate drought, but don’t push your luck around here. Also plan on rigorous and consistent deadheading if you want to prolong the season of bloom. Given that, this perennial has excellent narrow dark spires of flowers. They look terrific at the base of roses. They mix well with Coneflowers and ‘Powis Castle’ Artemisia. They look great with Catmint [but avoid letting the Catmint smother the Salvia. Use generous spacing here.] |
Scabiosa caucasica
pincushion flower
Herbaceous perennial |
As PlantFinder points out, sharply well-drained soil is the key to success with this perennial. Far too many gardeners around here lose their plants because the roots stay too moist. And the key to a long bloom season is regular deadheading [the removal of spent blooms before seed production starts.] Full sun is strongly recommended. Shade will affect moisture retention in the soil, and this should be avoided. |
Spigelia marilandica
Indian pink
Herbaceous perennial |
This easily grown perennial is seldom seen in Oklahoma gardens. More’s the pity, because it very reliably grows and blooms in anything from light to deep shade. Let me repeat that last attribute… This perennial will reliably bloom in deep shade. That quality alone makes it well worth considering for many of our finer and older gardens. Because our soils tend toward heavy clay….it is advisable to amend the planting site with plenty of organic material. Bloom here will normally occur in early to mid May. This is a great, and tragically under-used, Oklahoma native. The Oklahoma City Zoo knows…. They have a terrific colony of these perennials just north of the Harpy Eagle exhibit…. in some deep shade. |
Stachys macrantha 'Superba'
big betony
Herbaceous perennial |
This is another perennial I first saw and learned about at the Kemper Center in the Missouri Botanical Garden. At first sight, I momentarily thought “That’s the biggest Ajuga I’ve ever seen!” I also thought for a second I was seeing a “Hyacinth Shrub.” Don’t ask… the point is…. Big Betony is a very attractive perennial… with tall spikes of large tubular flowers that really stand out well in the garden. Pay close attention to PlantFinder cultural notes for best success. [Light afternoon shade is strongly recommended here.] This is not, unfortunately, an easy perennial to find on the market. But keep looking… it is decidedly worth it. |
Stokesia laevis
Stokes' aster
Herbaceous perennial |
Most of the growing season, I almost forget this plant lives in my borders. It’s leaves form a low rosette that is fairly unassuming. But once a year, usually in June, they put out stems topped with elegant flowers. The blooms are large, very frilly, somewhat like cornflowers but more delicate, many times in shades of blue….sometimes in pink….and very rarely pale yellow. Then, for awhile, I can scarcely talk about any other blooms. Nicer still, they have a fairly generous bloom season…. Especially if deadheaded. We are fortunate enough to have blues and yellows. But any of the cultivars listed on PlantFinder will do equally well here. Be attentive to PlantFinder cultural notes and recommendations. |
Thermopsis villosa
Carolina lupine
Herbaceous perennial |
I would almost suggest you plant this perennial in situ from seed…. rather than plants. Unless you can assure yourself the container plant has a healthy root system without intertwined taproots. Either way, this is the closest you will come to imitating Russell Lupines out here on the southern great plains. This is an easy perennial once established. It likes our heat and humidity. Full sun & well-drained soils only. |
Tiarella cordifolia
foam flower
Herbaceous perennial |
The foliage of foamflower cultivars is small enough to contrast nicely with Hostas and Hellebores… and large enough to be prominent and attractive. The vertical spikes of flowers are delicate enough to look, en masse, like foam spread across the garden. Plant in light to medium shade, in well amended & well draining soil. Maintain moisture in the soil during periods of high heat. Do not let the roots become waterlogged in winter. |
Tradescantia (Andersoniana Group) 'Sweet Kate'
spiderwort
Herbaceous perennial |
Although PlantFinder recommends full sun for best foliage color in Missouri….I suggest light afternoon shade for Oklahoma gardens. By that I mean shade from noon until about 4pm. I’m not normally enthusiastic about the Spiderworts [my apologies to devotees]… but this one is well worth having in your afternoon shade garden. The foliage is chartreuse gold and the blooms are deep purple blue. The contrast is striking…. And, strangely, complimentary at the same time. This perennial needs well amended soils and supplemental summer water. The reward is a generous splash of gold and blue in the middle of your otherwise green shady borders. |
Verbascum chaixii
nettle-leaved mullein
Herbaceous perennial |
This is a bold, architecturally striking plant for dry, sunny borders. Very lean & well-drained soil is essential to it’s continued success. Give it that, and full sun….and you will enjoy strong stems topped with racemes of bold blooms well into the summer season. PlantFinder’s reference to a short life-span should encourage you to allow the seedheads to remain and mature on the plant. Gently dispersing mature seed will insure this plants return year after year. ‘Album’, ‘Helen Johnson’, and ‘Southern Charm’ are hybrids well worth looking for in local nurseries and on-line. Last year, local nurseries had good selections of this previously hard-to-find plant. |
Veronica 'Sunny Border Blue'
speedwell
Herbaceous perennial |
This is a beautiful perennial for the front of the mixed border. The foliage has enough gloss to be very attractive, and the spikes of bloom are an excellent color of blue. Well-drained moist soil in full sun is the best location. Deadhead regularly to prolong the bloom season. |
Veronicastrum virginicum 'Album'
Culver's root
Herbaceous perennial |
This wonderful perennial is almost unknown in area gardens. That is unfortunate….because it is easy to grow and very beautiful in bloom. The spikes of pure white blooms are almost impossibly slender, and last well into summer. The only reason for its scarcity around here might be the length of time it takes to get a large plant. That reason should be nullified by its amenability to our clay soils. Just plant it in a moist to wet sunny spot and forget it for a few years until it establishes itself. I did, and after 4 years, began getting a large and stately plant this past summer. Because it deserves to be easily seen, I would plant it near patios or entries. |
Cedrus atlantica (Glauca Group)
blue atlas cedar
Needled evergreen |
There are some elegant and enormous blue atlas cedars in the lawns of our older neighborhoods. Two come to mind. One was planted well out into a large lawn, had lots of room to spread, and now has a huge, striking crown. The other has been too closely flanked by two shade trees, and looks strangely unbalanced & odd in it’s search for sunlight. What’s my point? Give this very beautiful, noble, and long-lived conifer plenty of room to grow. Do not plant it up against the chimney or right next to a small front porch. It will begin to engulf either one and you will frustrate yourself for years with the pruning you will do. Not to mention the incredible damage to the tree’s overall appearance. If you are willing to give it the space it needs, you could not ask for a more beautiful needle evergreen tree. |
Cedrus atlantica (Glauca Group)
blue atlas cedar
Needled evergreen |
As a juvenile this conifer’s appearance borders on the bizarre. But I can assure you that patience will reward you with a stunningly beautiful weeping cedar. In addition to being a unique stand-alone plant, it can be beautifully espaliered on an exterior wall. Just make sure it gets lots of sun. The most unique use of this shrub [in my experience] was one that had been trained along the top of a tall straight-line series of posts and beams at the entrance to the Van Dusen Botanical Gardens in Vancouver, BC. Visitors stroll down a walk paralleling the posts & beams, then turn and enter the garden by walking under this magnificent specimen. Full sun and good, well-drained soil is important to this conifer’s health & well-being. Give it some room… that small plant you installed will someday be a specimen plant 6-12 feet in diameter and about half as tall. This is a highly desirable ornamental plant that is beginning to be used in numerous Oklahoma City gardens. |
Cedrus deodara
Himalayan cedar
Needled evergreen |
There is no doubt this is a beautiful conifer. It would be the preeminent tree in any landscape or garden. It is not, however, appreciative of the temperature fluctuations & drought Oklahoma gardens often experience in the winter. Historically, some large mature trees in Oklahoma City have died suddenly because they could not tolerate these fluctuations. So be aware of that when selecting a conifer for gardens in this part of the country. The comments made about size & siting in the review of atlas cedars applies equally to this tree. Protection from predominantly northwest winter winds will improve chance for long-term reliability. Having said all that, this tree really does look like a lot of people’s “ideal” Christmas tree. It is a beautiful addition to any large lawn with good sun and well-drained soil. |
Cedrus libani
cedar of Lebanon
Needled evergreen |
PlantFinder says this is the hardiest of the true cedars for the Saint Louis area. The same is true for Oklahoma City and surrounding areas. The need for well-drained soil and full sun also applies to us. And, as is true of the other 2 cedars, this tree needs plenty of room. It retains lower branches until it gets closer to maturity. These semi-mature cedars are very handsome trees on large expanses of lawn. Mature specimens are still rare in Oklahoma City, but they do exist. |
Cephalotaxus harringtonia
Japanese plum yew
Needled evergreen |
You might have to search a bit to find this needle evergreen. Nonetheless, It is worth the effort. Plum Yew is very shade tolerant. It is also proving to be more moisture tolerant than the Yew [Taxus cuspidata ‘Densiformis’] most Oklahomans grow. Having said that, I will also say reasonable drainage is important. Plum Yews will not tolerate sopping wet soil for long periods of time. Plum Yews have a relaxed, mounding habit…and pleasantly soft-to-the-touch foliage. Mature needles are very dark green….new foliage is soft, apple green…giving the plant a distinct two-toned appearance in spring to early summer. As the plant matures in your garden, it will begin displaying large bright red fruit in fall & winter…..hence the name ‘Plum Yew.’ |
Chamaecyparis nootkatensis 'Pendula'
nootka cypress
Needled evergreen |
Weeping Alaskan cypress……growing in Oklahoma City? That just does not seem logical. Well, it might not be logical…but it certainly is nice. This tree will not begin to approach it’s defined potential height or breadth out here on the “Great Plains.” But it will grow successfully and well. Provide it with good, well-drained soil….and some shade & supplemental water on hot summer afternoons. It will reward you with a beauty unmatched by any other conifer that grows well in our part of the country. One thing you can count on….it is decidedly winter hardy here….as long as the soil is not perpetually wet. Do I think you should grow one? If you have the right site……and the temperament of a true gardener….yes, I most assuredly do. Oklahoma gardeners have planted weeping mulberry’s for years. In the past 10 years more and more Oklahoma City gardeners have begun planting weeping blue atlas cedar. This Cypress extends the “plant palette” in a strikingly beautiful way. |
Chamaecyparis obtusa
hinoki cypress
Needled evergreen |
The key to growing this cypress successfully in Oklahoma is light and moisture. Supply it with some light summer afternoon shade. Give it good soil that drains satisfactorily… not heavy clay. Don’t let it get bone dry, but don’t keep it wet. Yes, they are a challenge to grow out here on the great plains. This is a beautiful and graceful conifer, and a pleasure to see in a garden.
It should certainly be planted in our area, but perhaps beginning gardeners should look for a conifer a little less demanding. |
Chamaecyparis pisifera 'Filifera Aurea'
Japanese falsecypress
Needled evergreen |
I sincerely wish I could say “plant it… and it will grow for you.” The truth is that the “False Cypresses”, comprising the genus Chamaecyparis, are not all that easy to grow here. The trouble, of course, isn’t our winters…. it’s our summers. Having said that…. I will say you can successfully grow these beautiful conifers if you follow the rules. First, counteract our alkaline soil & water by mixing lots of peat into the soil and applying sulfur in early winter. Second, pay attention to soil moisture in periods of high heat. Do not let this plant completely dry out… but DO NOT keep the soil wet. Root rot will kill them just as readily as high heat. There are many specimens of this conifer in local gardens. One of the finest is in the Meinders portion of the Myriad Gardens. |
Juniperus conferta 'Blue Pacific'
shore juniper
Needled evergreen |
This Juniper’s frosted needles make it an excellent low standout in the winter garden. Junipers like this one achieve their greatest beauty when they can cascade over the edge of a raised bed or a sandstone rock. Their height makes them an excellent groundcover under roses, hollies, grasses and other needle evergreens. It combines beautifully with ‘Crimson Pygmy’ or ‘William Penn’ barberries. It is also a particularly strong plant along the banks of water gardens. Combine it with Japanese Rock Garden Juniper [ Juniperus procumbens ‘Nana’ ] for an interesting textural contrast. It makes an excellent edging plant for daylily & Iris beds. Full sun and well drained soil is necessary for best results. |
Juniperus procumbens 'Nana'
Japanese garden juniper
Needled evergreen |
Japanese garden juniper is a handsome choice for cascading over the edge of a large boulder or a retaining wall. Their apple green needles offer a nice contrast to the darker green foliage of adjacent plants. The compact form will spread 4-5 feet, with a mature height of less than 18 inches. Give them full sun and well drained soils. Debris, leaves, or neighboring plants can sometimes cover the prostrate stems & needles. This can smother entire branches of this relatively slow-growing conifer. So plan on doing a little occasional cleaning & maintenance to keep them looking their best. |
Juniperus virginiana 'Canaertii'
red cedar
Needled evergreen |
Many trees have a tendency to develop a windswept look in central Oklahoma. Eastern redcedar is no exception. The more I see striking old windswept specimens, the more I like this Oklahoma native. The trunk, limbs, and bark bespeak a rugged durability. It is the most drought tolerant of eastern conifers. Spraying with Bacillus thurengiensis once or twice in early June effectively controls bagworms for the season. ‘Canaertii’ is a desirable cultivar because it consistently provides crops of showy blue cones [they look like berries] in winter.
These are attractants to several bird species. Should be planted more. |
Picea abies 'Pendula'
Norway spruce
Needled evergreen |
A good location, good yet well-drained soil, and good watering habits are key to growing norway spruce this far out on the great plains. Even then, I would be lying if I told you there are ancient specimens of norway spruce growing in Oklahoma County. Here are some helpful suggestions for those who are going to grow them here: [1] Plant in a location that gets shade from 12-4pm on summer afternoons and is protected from southwest summer winds. [2] DO NOT plant against a building or fence. The heat bouncing off the hard surface will only make this plant suffer. [3] Plant in good, but well drained soil. If your soils are heavy clay, plant this specimen on a berm or in a built up area. [4] Provide supplemental water during the heat of summer. Keep the soil lightly moist, but certainly not wet. I know this seems like a lot of stringent rules, but then you paid a lot of money for this plant…. why not give it the best effort you can to see it succeed. |
Picea glauca JEAN'S DILLY
white spruce
Needled evergreen |
I’ve linked to the dwarf form called ‘Jean’s Dilly’ because this is the one “Dwarf Alberta Spruce” mentioned on PlantFinder. This tear-drop shaped conifer likes Oklahoma City growing conditions more than you might think. Give it well amended soil that is well drained… and it can even thrive in full sun here. But that is pushing the envelope…. it would far prefer a little shade on summer afternoons. Two notes of caution. All survival bets are off when you put these in pots on either side of your door. Any number of things can kill them in pots. And… please don’t shear this plant. No matter what they say on HGTV. This plant’s shape is genetically determined…. and you don’t have to do a thing to help its shape. One design idea: The nicest planting I have seen in Oklahoma City is a “grove” of about nine different sized Dwarf Alberta Spruce…. with heights varying from 1 to 4 feet. One additional thought: There is a brand new cultivar on the market called ‘Haal’, with VERY blue needles. It is well worth investigating… then planting. |
Picea pungens
Colorado spruce
Needled evergreen |
This powder blue conifer has been popular in Oklahoma gardens since early in the last century. [It’s kind of fun to be able to say things like “the last century.”] Anyway, they grow quite well here as long as a few rules are followed. Give it good, well-drained soil. Giving it a little summer afternoon shade while young helps. Be consistent about watering while it is young [while avoiding wet soil]… drought tolerance comes with age. You’ll note PlantFinder lists 3 cultivars suitable for Saint Louis. Cultivars recommended for Oklahoma gardens include ‘Hoopsii’, ‘R.H. Montgomery’, ‘Globosa’, ‘Blue Totem’, ‘Thompsenii’, ‘Glauca’, and ‘Prostrata.’ Of these, ‘Hoopsii’, ‘R.H. Montgomery’, and ‘Thompsenii’ seem to maintain the best year-round blue foliage. They also seem to tolerate our humid summers better than many cultivars. |
Picea pungens 'Montgomery'
Colorado spruce
Needled evergreen |
Sometimes Oklahoma gardeners buy Blue Spruce and then, in late summer, exclaim “It’s not blue!” This compact form, along with a few other cultivars, should alleviate their problem. Why? Because species blue spruce are really only a good blue on new needles. As the needles mature they turn medium blue-green. The cultivars I mentioned, ‘Montgomery’ among them, were selected in part because they hold a good blue foliage color throughout the year. Another advantage to ‘Montgomery’ is a mature size that permits planting in small spaces. In central and western Oklahoma you are well advised to give spruce excellent drainage and some shade on summer afternoons. PlantFinder suggests pruning is possible. Please don’t…. there really is no need with this cultivar and you can severely damage it if you don’t know how to properly prune conifers. Shearing should be avoided at all costs. |
Pinus densiflora 'Umbraculifera'
Japanese red pine
Needled evergreen |
Dr. Carl Whitcomb introduced me to this conifer in a class at OSU years ago. He was very enthusiastic about its beauty, and so am I.
My favorite specimen grows next to the entrance to the Civic Center Music Hall in downtown Oklahoma City. It was planted in the 1930’s when the hall was built. A large undulating, shallow dome of bright green needles serves as the crown. This is held up by multiple limbs spreading from one low-limbed trunk – a decidedly “multi-trunked” effect. All of these exposed limbs are covered with flaky red-orange to orange-brown bark that is exceptionally good looking. Two more nice specimens flank the west side of the Bishop Angie Smith Chapel at OCU. Younger, very recently pruned specimens decorate the east wall of Gordon’s Jewelers, just across from Penn Square. If you see these plants, please note how much space they are given. Crowding this conifer among other plants will cripple its potential…. So give it room to spread. The size comments on PlantFinder apply in our area as well. Take a look at Compact Tanyosho Pine [P.d. ‘Umbraculifera Nana’] if your garden requires a smaller specimen. Underplanting it with perennials works well….. burnt orange, deep red, & blue blooms are great complimentary colors. The bark stands out best against an underplanting with dark green foliage. Annuals are not the best underplanting, because repeated root disturbance and heavy feeding can damage the pine’s roots. If you choose to underplant, respect the pine’s fibrous root system while digging. Don’t smother roots with additional layers of soil. Well drained soils and full sun provide the best results. If you have the right site, Tanyosho Pine would be a beautiful and unique addition to your garden. |
Pinus mugo 'Valley Cushion'
dwarf mountain pine
Needled evergreen |
I’m linking to ‘Valley Cushion’ because sometimes gardeners think they are getting a dwarf conifer when they simply buy mugo pine. The species can, and sometimes does, get 10-15 feet tall and wide in our area. ‘Valley Cushion’ will mature at a much more usable size for most gardeners. It is vitally important this conifer be planted in well-drained soil. It does not tolerate wet feet in Oklahoma. Good light is also important… it will not tolerate much shade. Given what it needs, this conifer is a charming and attractive addition to the garden. |
Pinus strobus
eastern white pine
Needled evergreen |
Much as it pains me to do it, I have to say this is far from the best pine for central Oklahoma gardens. It can be and is being grown here, and it will succeed here. I just want “plant-it-and-forget-it” gardeners to save their money. If this is the pine you want, help it out by giving it good, well-drained soil & light shade on summer afternoons. As the pine gets larger and the shade becomes denser, you will want to selectively prune the shade tree to allow consistent light on the pine. It will decline & die in too much shade. For these reasons, some of the compact, dwarf, and weeping forms of white pine seem best suited for our gardens. Planting these on the east side of a single story building works well here. If you plant on the north side, don’t let the overhang shade it too much. |
Pinus thunbergii
Japanese black pine
Needled evergreen |
This pine performs beautifully on the south central Great Plains. It tolerates a wide range of growing conditions. Full sun is very necessary for success with pines in our area. One note of caution: do not plant Japanese Black Pines in areas where herbicides are used …. it is susceptible to decline and death if you do a lot of spraying for weeds. Other than that, Japanese black pine does not have the problems in Oklahoma it seems to have in Saint Louis. This is not a “lumber” pine. It’s trunk and branches have a decidedly windswept habit…. giving this conifer a very graceful, ‘oriental’ look in Oklahoma gardens. ‘Angelica’s Thunderhead’ is a beautiful, compact cultivar. ‘Mount Hood’ is an unusual and beautiful prostrate form, growing 1-2 feet high and up to 10 feet across. These last two are harder to find, but worth the effort. |
Pinus thunbergii
Japanese black pine
Needled evergreen |
I’m linking to Japanese Black Pine in the Shrub article because I want to discuss compact to dwarf forms of this plant that qualify for use as shrubbery in the mixed border. The first is a compact form called ‘Angelica’s Thunderhead.’ So named because its candles in winter & early spring are snow white. I’ve never seen two alike…. you are assured of a unique, highly windswept, densely foliaged conifer with bright green needles. The second is named ‘Pygmaea’ because it is, quite simply, dwarf in size and interestingly shaped. The third is much harder to find but well worth the effort. ‘Mount Hood’ is a cultivar that only grows to about 18 inches in height but spreads to about 8 feet. Each is a singular plant for the garden…. and all take almost exactly the care and siting of their parent. |
Taxus x media 'Densiformis'
yew
Needled evergreen |
Yews thrive in Oklahoma City as long as they receive afternoon summer shade and are planted in well-drained soils. This particular hybrid is noted for its dense foliage, dark green needles, and relatively compact form. It’s dark coloration doesn’t “brighten” shady areas, but it does provide year-round greenery in otherwise difficult planting sites. It is a superb “backdrop” for more colorful plants. |
Thuja occidentalis 'Degroot's Spire'
American arborvitae
Needled evergreen |
Plant this irregularly columnar conifer in average to good soil that drains, but also stays moist. Give it some light shade on summer afternoons. Too much shade makes it leggy. This is a great small conifer, with twisting undulating new growth that adds texture and good color to gardens. Mulching is more important here than in Saint Louis.
Water consistently without waterlogging during periods of high summer heat. |
Thuja occidentalis 'Rheingold'
American arborvitae
Needled evergreen |
This species of conifer confuses some gardeners. They cannot get used to a conifer that likes moisture. That can be fatal for eastern arborvitae in Oklahoma. The soil does need to be well-drained, but the plant should not be allowed to go bone dry. It simply isn’t that drought tolerant in our area. Given the moisture it needs it is an attractive needle evergreen for our gardens. It will also benefit from very light summer afternoon shade. ‘Rheingold’ is a particularly appealing cultivar because the needles have a distinct orange-gold cast through the growing season. |
X Cupressocyparis leylandii
Leyland cypress
Needled evergreen |
Plantfinder’s Noteworthy Characteristics for this evergreen are well worth reading. This plant had excellent parents who passed their best traits on in a very attractive form. Well-drained soil and good sun are as important here as there. Leyland Cypress is an excellent selection for people who need a fast-growing specimen. It responds well to pruning, and this makes it a lush, full hedging plant if that is your need. Please remember to prune hedges widest at the ground, and narrowest at the top. This gives each side of the hedge good exposure to light from the ground up. And that, more than any other factor, will provide you with dense foliage all the way to the ground. This conifer has very good resistance to bagworms. |
Panicum virgatum 'Dallas Blues'
switch grass
Ornamental grass |
The ornamental grasses are normally in a class by themselves. Since this is my only planned entry in grasses, I’ll put it here. I’m linking to ‘Dallas Blues’ Switchgrass for two reasons. First, it is a beautiful and prominent garden plant. The foliage has enough blue coloration to please any lover of blue foliage. The flower panicles are large, intricate, and elegant. They have more substance than Maiden Grass panicles and less sheer bulk than the blooms of Pampas Grass. The fall and winter foliage is, to me, it’s most pleasant aspect. The colors are tawny, leonine golds and burnished blues….. it makes a subtle and striking composition. My second reason for linking to this grass…. Oklahoma City gardeners have locked into one variety of a trendy plant…. and planted little else. ‘Maiden’ Grass is omnipresent here….. and getting as boringly redundant as row cropping. ‘Dallas Blues’ is just one terrific alternative you should consider for your garden. |
Acer buergerianum
three-toothed maple
Tree |
This small tree is hard to find in the trade around here…but is infinitely worth the search. It stays under 20-25 feet in Oklahoma City…so it is suited to smaller gardens. Very appealing orange-red fall color gives best results if the tree is watered thoroughly during periods of high summer heat & wind. The bark & silhouette of trident maple stand out well in winter gardens. |
Acer griseum
paperbark maple
Tree |
Give this small tree the same conditions you would a Japanese maple…and pay attention to summer & winter watering. If you do, you will be rewarded with one of the most beautiful little trees gardeners can plant. All elements of this tree…tri-lobed leaves, fall color, delicate branching habit, exfoliating orange cinnamon bark…are highly ornamental. For best viewing, plant close to entries or patios…but only if culturally practical. |
Acer palmatum
Japanese maple
Tree |
The single most beautiful small tree in Oklahoma gardens. Successful and beautiful specimens of this species around this area are [1] planted on the east or north sides of buildings and/or under other trees [2] receive some protection from the southwest summer wind [3] get supplemental water during hot summers [4] and receive attention greater than that paid the average garden tree or shrub. Having said that…there are thousands of beautiful Japanese maples in Oklahoma City…and well-grown specimens are highly valued here. Not for the “plant-it-&-forget-it” gardener….but then what good plant is? After several seasons of evaluating Japanese maple performance in Oklahoma City…….I can strongly recommend ‘Fireglow’ as the best upright, vase-shaped Japanese maple for our area. ‘Sharp’s Pygmy’ is recommended as a compact, almost dwarf cultivar. And ‘Red Dragon’ is a strong recommendation should you wish a compact, weeping form. |
Acer saccharum
sugar maple
Tree |
‘Caddo’ is a naturally occurring cultivar of sugar maple that was found growing in southwest Oklahoma [in Caddo county, of course.] To quote Dr. Carl Whitcomb in Know It & Grow It III, it is “By far the best variety for the Great Plains.” Brilliant yellow to red-orange fall color begins at the top of the tree….and appears to “drip” slowly onto lower and lower leaves. This tree is a real pleasure to watch closely in the fall. |
Acer tataricum subsp. ginnala 'Flame'
Amur maple
Tree |
This is an exceptionally good small tree for Oklahoma gardeners. A mature height under 15-20 feet allows it to be planted under power lines. The multi-trunk “look” and vase shape makes it a great shade tree for smaller patios and entrances. The “samaras”, or winged fruit, are very showy…and not particularly prone to germinating around here. The fall color is an excellent red and considered reliable. Altogether an excellent little tree. |
Acer truncatum
shantung maple
Tree |
This durable, attractive, and seldom planted maple is an excellent selection for Oklahoma gardeners. It tolerates “wet and dry” conditions, heat, and drying winds better than most other species of maple. WARNING: This maple is very sensitive to 2,4-D herbicides. If you are a devotee of chemically-induced weed-free lawns you should look elsewhere for a shade tree. |
Betula nigra
river birch
Tree |
This birch is native to the eastern and southern parts of our state, and adapts quite well to growing further out on the plains. It’s one request is a “wet spot” to grow in. Heavy clay is perfectly ok, and low spots where water accumulates and drains more slowly is ideal. The vase-shape, delicate foliage, and flaking exfoliating cinnamon bark make it an exceptionally attractive tree. Please note: even here 30-35 feet is not uncommon…so give it room to grow and spread. This species is far superior to the “white” birches for Great Plains gardens. The white birches, though beautiful, tend to succumb to borers and drought very easily this far out on the plains. |
Carpinus betulus
common hornbeam
Tree |
There are several reasons to consider this fine tree for your garden. Here’s one you might not have thought about. Many Oklahoma gardeners seem to love the naturally formal appearance of ‘Bradford’ pears. Unfortunately, their branch structure and wood make them susceptible to trunk splitting and branch loss in our strong winds.
European hornbeam has a similar formal appearance. It also has very strong wood that is resistant to wind and ice. You might, therefore, consider it a good alternative to Bradford pear when planning & planting a formal garden. Please note: European hornbeam tolerates central Oklahoma growing conditions much better than its American relative, Carpinus caroliniana. |
Castanea mollissima
Chinese chestnut
Tree |
Chinese chesnut’s is seldom seen in Oklahoma gardens. That’s a shame. This is a good looking tree. The low, spreading crown, shiny dark green foliage, lack of pest & disease problems, and adaptability to various growing conditions make it well worth using in our area. The low crown and winter leaf retention make it worth considering for screening purposes. And the nuts are tasty & very desirable in a time when canned chesnuts sell for $9.00 a pound. |
Cercis canadensis
eastern redbud
Tree |
If your heart is set on a flowering redbud, please plant Cercis reniformis ‘Oklahoma’ instead of this native species. I am linking to eastern redbud because I want to mention the relatively recent availability of weeping, or pendulous, cultivars. These “new” trees have a lot of visual appeal. I would certainly plant one of these as an alternative to weeping mulberry or weeping yaupon. Some of the weeping cultivars are also suitable for smaller gardens. Just remember that you might consider spraying a fungicide in spring-early summer to prevent leaf spot in august and the fall. |
Cercis reniformis 'Oklahoma'
redbud
Tree |
Oklahoma’s state tree is Cercis canadensis, or eastern redbud. Cercis reniformis is also native to Oklahoma, having been discovered here. It is recommended above the state tree because: [1] It is slightly more drought tolerant. [2] It has darker and brighter wine red buds and flowers. [3] It has a glossy cuticle on its leaves that is highly attractive and helps the tree resist leaf spot and leaf rollers. These attributes also apply to the white flowering form, Cercis reniformis ‘Texas.’ |
Cotinus obovatus
American smoke tree
Tree |
PlantFinder tells you enough to know that this medium sized tree will grow successfully in Oklahoma. I like this native American because It has rich, warm pumpkin-orange fall color… and that coloring can be relied on to appear most falls in our area. The “smoke” effect that gives this tree its name is not as ornamental as it is on the purple smokebush. That’s ok only because I look at this tree more for its shade and fall color. Smoketree performs satisfactorily in poor soils and is drought tolerant once established. Lovers of fall color might consider small groves planted with this smoketree for orange, redbuds for yellow, and sumac for red. Not only would it be beautiful, it would require very little maintenance. |
Euonymus bungeanus
spindletree
Tree |
Consider winterberry for planting under power lines. You’ll experience a fully mature tree that will never be threatened by the dread “power line tree police.” Even better, you’ll introduce highly ornamental fruit to your garden. Fruit remains attractive well after pink to red fall foliage has dropped away. Oklahomans will be pleased to know this euonymus is rarely infested with scale… a common problem for evergreen species here. This small tree is tolerant of a very wide range of growing conditions and performs very well on the southern great plains. ‘Pendula’ has attractive weeping branches, but will be harder to find in the trade. |
Ginkgo biloba
maidenhair tree
Tree |
This tree is sadly underappreciated and rarely planted on the plains of central and western Oklahoma. Nonetheless, there are some spectacular specimens growing here.
PlantFinder notes more than adequately describe the tree and it’s needs. So I will only add one comment: Make sure the tree you buy is container grown. This will pretty much eliminate the transplant shock gardeners experience with ‘ball & burlap’ field grown specimens. |
Koelreuteria paniculata
golden rain tree
Tree |
This attractive flowering tree is highly respected in central Oklahoma for it’s drought tolerance and willingness to grow in heavy clay soils. For those reasons it is well suited to commercial landscape and street-tree applications. It does, however, attract boxelder bugs. These bugs don’t damage the tree, but they seem to make home gardeners somewhat nuts…..because they come onto the patio and into the home.
So…..plant it by all means…..but locate it away from people and residences…preferably toward the edges of your property. |
Liquidambar styraciflua 'Rotundiloba'
sweet gum
Tree |
Yes, you’re reading that correctly. A seedless Sweetgum. For those who just cannot stand those sweetgum seedpods littering their lawn and endangering their step. Rounded leaf lobes give this tree a distinct and attractive look. The foliage colors beautifully in the fall. This is an excellent selection for garden areas with moisture retentive soil. Be aware that sweetgums actively compete with underplantings for moisture. Lawns or plants under sweetgums need extra water in the high heat of summer to counter that competition. |
Magnolia grandiflora
large-flowered magnolia
Tree |
'Little Gem' is a superb evergreen magnolia for central Oklahoma gardens. It deserves to be planted far more frequently here for several reasons. [1] The old-fashioned southern magnolia drops lots of winter damaged leaves in spring and early summer. 'Little Gem' does not. [2] southern magnolia blooms once in late spring or early summer. 'Little Gem' blooms throughout the growing season. [3] 'Little Gem' has smaller, more attractive leaves than it’s larger parent. They clothe the tree densely….resulting in a full, lush look in the garden. [4] 'Little Gem' is a compact, almost dwarf, form of southern magnolia…making it suitable for smaller gardens. |
Malus 'Prairifire'
flowering crabapple
Tree |
These three cultivars of flowering crabapple are excellent selections for Oklahoma gardeners. ‘Prairifire’ has purplish new foliage and pinkish red blooms. ‘Snowdrift’ has white blooms and orange persistent fruit. ‘Sugar Tyme’ has pink flower buds opening to white blooms and bright red persistent fruit. All have excellent disease resistance. Each tree matures in the range of 15-20 feet tall and wide. |
Malus 'Snowdrift'
flowering crabapple
Tree |
See Malus 'Prairifire' |
Malus 'Sutyzam' SUGAR TYME
flowering crabapple
Tree |
See Malus 'Prairifire' |
Metasequoia glyptostroboides
dawn redwood
Tree |
Dawn redwood was introduced to American gardeners by the Missouri Botanical Garden and it is a tree well worth growing. It’s heritage alone is fascinating; make sure you read the PlantFinder description of it’s ‘discovery’ in China. Its appearance out here on the plains is that of a tall, narrow conifer in summer, and a bare silhouette in winter. One specimen in Oklahoma City exceeds 50 feet in height, but is only about 15 feet wide. You won’t see many of these beautiful trees in our area. Not because it’s a problem to grow….. rather because most gardeners are either unaware of it or of sources for it. Ask your favorite nurseryman… it isn’t hard for him to acquire one for you. |
Quercus acutissima
sawtooth oak
Tree |
Sawtooth oaks are noteworthy in our area because they generally grow faster than other oaks & because they are tolerant of our alkaline soils. The insect & disease problems listed on the MBG plantfinder page are usually not considered serious this far out on the plains. Please note, however, that sawtooth oaks have no fall color and their dried leaves stay on the tree through most of the winter months. |
Quercus alba
white oak
Tree |
White oaks are valuable because they tolerate moist soils better than some oak species. They also display good red to red-orange fall colors in our state.
This is a beautiful and majestic oak for large lawn areas containing good soil. It should not be wasted on poor soils or sites where it’s root system will be restricted or contained. |
Quercus macrocarpa
bur oak
Tree |
This species is considered to be the best of the ornamental oaks for sites with poor soil. Once established it is an exceptionally drought tolerant oak. An unfortunate “trade-off” is a general lack of fall color. |
Quercus muehlenbergii
chinkapin oak
Tree |
Chinquapin oak tolerates drought, alkaline soils, and windswept sites. It should not, however, be planted in our heaviest clay soils. This species can usually be counted on for good crimson to orange-yellow fall color. |
Quercus rubra
red oak
Tree |
Stately, strong-limbed, long-lived and very attractive. Need I say more? OK, northern red oaks are wonderful shade trees when given room to spread and reasonably good soils. Red-orange fall foliage is generally reliable & very attractive. This is a true garden “aristocrat” and should be planted more frequently in our area. |
Quercus shumardii
shumard oak
Tree |
Shumard is another “aristocratic” member of the oak family. It looks remarkably like northern red oak...being distinguished by leaves with fewer and deeper lobes. This species also seems to be more tolerant of heavy clay soils than northern red oak.
It, too, has very attractive red to red-orange fall foliage. |
Quercus stellata
post oak
Tree |
This is another of the oaks noted for their tolerance of poor soils and dry conditions. It is a good selection for homeowners in our newer housing subdivisions. Fall color is usually yellow-brown. |
Sassafras albidum
sassafras
Tree |
I’m stepping out on a limb recommending this small tree to central Oklahoma gardeners. So I’ll qualify it by saying you should plant in locations that are protected from drying southwest summer winds. You should give it rich, moisture retentive soil. You should mulch it heavily. You should water well in periods of high heat. Having said all that, this is a good understory tree for woodlands. It is a good alternative to sumac for moisture retentive soils and light summer shade. I like it because it has good looking leaves that turn spectacular shades of orange and red in the fall. And, of course, b |
Syringa reticulata 'Ivory Silk'
Japanese tree lilac
Tree |
Yes, this is a lilac. Yes, this is a tree. Yes, it will & does grow successfully in Oklahoma City and points north. Unfortunately, Oklahomans in the southern half of the state won’t get much bloom due to the chilling requirement of the flower buds. Give it full sun. Heavy clay soils are satisfactory if you topdress each fall with soil sulphur [aluminum sulphate]. This will lower the pH and allow more micronutrients to be absorbed by the tree. As the tree matures, the need to do this will become less crucial. Late frosts don’t bother this tree in the northern half of the state, because it doesn’t bloom until June. Give it some protection from the predominantly southwest summer winds. Pay attention to the PlantFinder comment on spent flower removal The biggest problem you might have is simply finding one. Your local nurseryman might be willing to find one for you. Googling online will show you several mail order nurseries that stock it. No, this does not sound like the easiest tree in the world to grow. It is, nonetheless, a beautiful tree… and deserves serious consideration for deserving gardens You should see the ones in Saint Louis at MBG & Tower Grove Park. That would clear up any doubts. |
Ulmus parvifolia
Chinese elm
Tree |
All of the attributes mentioned on the PlantFinder page for this tree easily apply to it’s use in Oklahoma City. “Generally tolerant of urban conditions” is an understatement. Lacebark elm’s deep root system, tolerance of drought, and acceptance of tight planting sites [i.e. street medians] make it particularly valuable on the Great Plains.
It’s “jigsaw puzzle piece” bark-of-many-colors makes it a superb addition to the winter landscape. The cultivar 'Golden Rey' has golden yellow foliage during the growing season making this an exceptional tree for the landscape. You may find it sold under the name of 'Golden lacebark elm'. |
Hedera helix var. baltica
English ivy
Vine |
I almost passed on mentioning English Ivy. But then I remembered the beautiful plantings I have seen here and in Dallas. They frequently cover the entire front yard…virtually replacing lawn grass. And they look particularly good in winter when the large deciduous trees they are planted under are mere silhouettes, growing out of a dark glossy green carpet of living leaves. Two cautions: one concerns letting it grow up structures. When it does, it will root into the surface of the wall… eventually causing damage. Second, allowing English Ivy to climb the trunks and branches of a mature & venerable tree is doing the tree a disservice. Again, the roots will spread by growing into the tree…robbing energy from the tree and eventually causing problems. So think twice before letting it climb… ANYTHING. Allow it, however, to spread in ground level shade wherever it cares to go. This is a beautiful plant if handled with respect for it’s needs and an awareness of its shortcomings. |
