$


 Protium tenuifolium var. brevicalyx Engl.


Protium tenuifolium var. brevicalyx Engl. = Protium peruvianum Swart

Reference: FP 659: 708. 


$


 Protium titubans J.F. Macbr.


Protium titubans J.F. Macbr. = Protium trifoliolatum Engl.

Reference: FP 659: 711; Daly, D. C., 1987: 372. 


$


 Protium trifoliolatum Engl.



Protium trifoliolatum Engl.

Synonyms: Protium trifoliolatum Engl., Protium trifoliolatum J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 659: 711; Daly, D. C., 1987: 372. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 61675 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, Pasco.


$


 Protium unifoliatum Engl.



Protium unifoliatum Engl.

Synonyms: Protium unifoliatum (Engl.) Cuatrec.
Reference: Daly, D. C., 1987: 379. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez et al.  7467 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Proustia cuneata S.F. Blake


Proustia cuneata S.F. Blake = Lophopappus blakei Cabrera

Reference: Blake, S. F., 1924: 653. 


$


 Proustia cuneifolia D. Don



Proustia cuneifolia D. Don

Synonyms: Proustia cuneifolia Poepp. ex Less.


$


 Proustia pungens Poepp. ex Less.


Proustia pungens Poepp. ex Less. = Proustia cuneifolia D. Don

$


 Prunus amplifolia Pilg.



Prunus amplifolia Pilg.

Reference: Flora Peru: 635: 1085. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I, Coastal: forests on white sand, semi-deciduous forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 1265* (photo MO!), Begazo 154 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Puno, Tumbes, Ucayali.


$


 Prunus brachybotrya Zucc.



Prunus brachybotrya Zucc.

Synonyms: Prunus brachybotrya Schltdl., Prunus brachybotrya Standl.
Reference: Calderon de Rzedowski, G., 1979: 274. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean II: forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 7672 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Prunus brittoniana Rusby



Prunus brittoniana Rusby

Synonyms: Prunus brittoniana (Rusby) C. Schneider
Reference: Koehne, E., 1915: 317. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean II: forests. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 8998 (MO!)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac.


$


 Prunus capuli Cav.


Prunus capuli Cav. = Prunus serotina subsp. capuli (Cavanilles) McVaugh

Reference: FP 635: 1085; Calderon de Rzedowski, G., 1979: 275. 


$


 Prunus debilis Koehne



Prunus debilis Koehne

Synonyms: Prunus debilis J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 635: 1085. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: riversides, seasonally inundated areas, semi-deciduous forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig s.n.* (photo MO!), Schunke 1819 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Prunus detrita J.F. Macbr.



Prunus detrita J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 635: 1086. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian: forests on white sand. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 1094* , V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 8842 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Prunus domestica L.



Prunus domestica L.

Reference: Bailey, L. & E. Bailey, 1976: 919. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Brunel 28 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Prunus huantensis Pilg.



Prunus huantensis Pilg.

Reference: Flora Peru: 635: 1086. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 5583* , Macbride 3399 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Prunus integrifolia (C. Presl) Walp.



Prunus integrifolia (C. Presl) Walp.

Synonyms: Prunus integrifolia C. Presl
Reference: Flora Peru: 635: 1086. 
Ecology: Native tree, treelet. Andean II: cloud forests, disturbed areas. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Haenke s.n.* , D&iacute;az & V&aacute;squez 3001 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco, Piura, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Prunus laurifolia Schltdl.


Prunus laurifolia Schltdl. = Prunus brachybotrya Zucc.

Reference: Calderon de Rzedowski, G., 1979: 274. 


$


 Prunus oblonga J.F. Macbr.



Prunus oblonga J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 635: 1086. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 6732* 
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Prunus ovalis Ruiz ex Koehne



Prunus ovalis Ruiz ex Koehne

Synonyms: Prunus ovalis Koehne
Reference: Flora Peru: 635: 1087. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: bogs, shrublands. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz s.n.* (photo MO!), Foster 9022 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Pasco.


$


 Prunus ovalis var. nummularia Koehne


Prunus ovalis var. nummularia Koehne = Prunus ovalis Ruiz ex Koehne

Reference: FP 635: 1087. 


$


 Prunus persica (L.) Batsch



Prunus persica (L.) Batsch

Synonyms: Prunus persica L.
Reference: Flora Peru: 635: 1087. 
Ecology: Cultivated tree. . 
Voucher: Macbride 143 (F)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Prunus pleiantha Pilg.



Prunus pleiantha Pilg.

Reference: Flora Peru: 635: 1087. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 3507* (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Prunus prionophylla Standl.


Prunus prionophylla Standl. = Prunus brachybotrya Zucc.

Reference: Calderon de Rzedowski, G., 1979: 274. 


$


 Prunus rigida var.rigida



Prunus rigida var. rigida 

Reference: Flora Peru: 635: 1087. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean II: elfin forests. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 3945* (photo MO!), Young 1444 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Cajamarca, La Libertad, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Prunus rigida var.subintegra Koehne



Prunus rigida var. subintegra Koehne

Reference: Flora Peru: 635: 1088. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean II: forests. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Young 1446 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Lambayeque, Piura, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Prunus rotunda J.F. Macbr.



Prunus rotunda J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 635: 1088. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 3136 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Prunus ruiziana Koehne



Prunus ruiziana Koehne

Reference: Flora Peru: 635: 1088. 
Ecology. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz s.n.* (photo MO!), Oliveira 35 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Ucayali.


$


 Prunus sana J.F. Macbr.


Prunus sana J.F. Macbr. = Prunus vana J.F. Macbr.

Reference: FP 635: 1088. 
Note: Synonymy based on unpublished annotations by Li Chao Luan at MO.  


$


 Prunus serotina subsp.capuli (Cavanilles) McVaugh



Prunus serotina subsp. capuli (Cavanilles) McVaugh

Synonyms: Prunus serotina capuli Cav.
Reference: Calderon de Rzedowski, G., 1979: 275. 
Ecology: Cultivated tree. Amazonian, Andean I-III, Coastal: dry valleys, forests, riversides, shrublands. 0-4000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry 43212 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, La Libertad.


$


 Prunus serotina subsp.serotina Ehrhart



Prunus serotina subsp. serotina Ehrhart

Reference: McVaugh, R., 1951: 295. 
Ecology: Introduced tree. Andean II: disturbed areas. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui et al. 11838 (MO!)
Departments: La Libertad, Piura.


$


 Prunus stipulata J.F. Macbr.



Prunus stipulata J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 635: 1089. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean II: elfin forests. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 6930* , Gentry et al. 22992 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Prunus subcorymbosa Ruiz ex Koehne



Prunus subcorymbosa Ruiz ex Koehne

Reference: Flora Peru: 635: 1089. 
Ecology: Native tree. . 
Voucher: Ruiz s.n.* (photo MO!)


$


 Prunus vana J.F. Macbr.



Prunus vana J.F. Macbr.

Synonyms: Prunus vana J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 635: 1089. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests on white sand, riversides. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 23772* , Tunqui 112 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Prunus williamsii J.F. Macbr.


Prunus williamsii J.F. Macbr. = Prunus debilis Koehne

Reference: FP 635: 1089. 


$


 Psammisia amazonica Luteyn



Psammisia amazonica Luteyn

Reference: Luteyn, J. L., 1987: 117. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Huashikat 1410* (MO!), Tunqui 284 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Psammisia bicolor (Ruiz & Pavon) Klotzsch


Psammisia bicolor (Ruiz & Pavon) Klotzsch = Psammisia coarctata (Ruiz & Pavon) A.C. Sm.

Reference: FP 1325: 95. 


$


 Psammisia coarctata (Ruiz & Pavon) A.C. Sm.



Psammisia coarctata (Ruiz & Pavon) A.C. Sm.

Synonyms: Psammisia coarctata (Ruiz & Pavon) Klotzsch, Psammisia coarctata Hoerold, Psammisia coarctata Hoerold, Psammisia coarctata Hoerold, Psammisia coarctata Ruiz & Pav., Psammisia coarctata Ruiz & Pav. ex Dunal
Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 95. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean I-II: forests, riversides. 1000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Smith & Alb&aacute;n 5497 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Madre de Dios, Pasco, Puno, Ucayali.


$


 Psammisia engleriana Hoerold


Psammisia engleriana Hoerold = Psammisia coarctata (Ruiz & Pavon) A.C. Sm.

Reference: FP 1325: 95. 


$


 Psammisia fissilis A.C. Sm.



Psammisia fissilis A.C. Sm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 96. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: cloud forests, rocky slopes. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Stein & Todzia 2111 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Psammisia globosa A.C. Sm.



Psammisia globosa A.C. Sm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 98. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Mathews 2077* 
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Psammisia guianensis Klotzsch



Psammisia guianensis Klotzsch

Synonyms: Psammisia guianensis Hoerold
Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 97. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Mexia 6275 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Psammisia nitida (H.B.K.) Klotzsch


Psammisia nitida (H.B.K.) Klotzsch = Cavendishia nitida (H.B.K.) A.C. Sm.

Reference: FP 1325: 99. 
Note: NN  


$


 Psammisia pauciflora Griseb. ex A.C. Sm.



Psammisia pauciflora Griseb. ex A.C. Sm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 98. 
Ecology: Native shrub. . 
Voucher: Lechler 2386* 
Departments: Puno.


$


 Psammisia ulbrichiana Hoerold



Psammisia ulbrichiana Hoerold

Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 99. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean I-II: forests. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 6416 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Psammisia ulei Hoerold


Psammisia ulei Hoerold = Psammisia guianensis Klotzsch

Reference: FP 1325: 97. 


$


 Psammisia urbaniana Hoerold


Psammisia urbaniana Hoerold = Psammisia coarctata (Ruiz & Pavon) A.C. Sm.

Reference: FP 1325: 95. 


$


 Psammisia weberbauerii Hoerold


Psammisia weberbauerii Hoerold = Psammisia coarctata (Ruiz & Pavon) A.C. Sm.

Reference: FP 1325: 95. 


$


 Psathyranthus amazonicus Ule


Psathyranthus amazonicus Ule = Psittacanthus amazonicus (Ule) Kuijt

$


 Pseudabutilon hitchcockii Ulbr.


Pseudabutilon hitchcockii Ulbr. = Abutilon dispermum (Hochreutiner) Fryxell

Reference: FP 1302: 482; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 12. 


$


 Pseudabutilon nigripunctulatum (Ulbrich) R.E. Fr.


Pseudabutilon nigripunctulatum (Ulbrich) R.E. Fr. = Abutilon nigripunctulatum Ulbrich

Reference: FP 1302: 488. 


$


 Pseudabutilon spicatum (Kunth) R.E. Fr.


Pseudabutilon spicatum (Kunth) R.E. Fr. = Briquetia spicata (Kunth) Fryxell

Reference: FP 1302: 489; Fryxell, P. A., 1988: 136; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 32. 


$


 Pseudabutilon weberbaueri Ulbrich



Pseudabutilon weberbaueri Ulbrich

Reference: Flora Peru: 1302: 490. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 6169* , Alza 14 (USM!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Pseudechinolaena polystachya (Kunth) Stapf



Pseudechinolaena polystachya (Kunth) Stapf

Synonyms: Pseudechinolaena polystachya Kunth
Reference: Flora Peru: 719: 202. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Smith et al. 1681 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Pseudelephantopus funckii (Turcz.) Philipson


Pseudelephantopus funckii (Turcz.) Philipson = Pseudelephantopus spiralis (Less.) Cronquist

Reference: FP 1416: 68. 


$


 Pseudelephantopus spicatus (B. Juss. ex Aubl.) J.B. Rohr



Pseudelephantopus spicatus (B. Juss. ex Aubl.) J.B. Rohr

Synonyms: Pseudelephantopus spicatus (B. Juss. ex Aubl.) Cass., Pseudelephantopus spicatus (B. Juss. ex Aubl.) La Llave & Lex., Pseudelephantopus spicatus B. Juss. ex Aubl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1416: 66. 
Ecology. 0-1000 m. 
Note: The Flora of Peru uses the incorrect author citation "Pseudelephantopus spicatus (Juss. ex Aubl.) C. F. Baker."   
Voucher: Plowman 6026 (USM)
Departments: Loreto, Jun&iacute;n, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Pseudelephantopus spiralis (Less.) Cronquist



Pseudelephantopus spiralis (Less.) Cronquist

Synonyms: Pseudelephantopus spiralis (Less.) Aspl. & S.F. Blake, Pseudelephantopus spiralis (Philipson) S.F. Blake, Pseudelephantopus spiralis (Turcz.) Philipson, Pseudelephantopus spiralis Less., Pseudelephantopus spiralis Turcz.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1416: 68. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests, grasslands. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 17863 (USM)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Pseuderanthemum cordatum (Nees) Radlk.



Pseuderanthemum cordatum (Nees) Radlk.

Synonyms: Pseuderanthemum cordatum Nees
Reference: Durkee, L. H., 1978: 249. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Foster 8787 (F!, USM!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Pseuderanthemum lanceolatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Wassh.



Pseuderanthemum lanceolatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Wassh.

Synonyms: Pseuderanthemum lanceolatum Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Green, P. S., 1969: 273. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, riversides. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n 911* (MA), Wasshausen & Encarnaci&oacute;n 604 (US!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Pseuderanthemum leptorhachis Lindau



Pseuderanthemum leptorhachis Lindau

$


 Pseuderanthemum weberbaueri Mildbr.



Pseuderanthemum weberbaueri Mildbr.

Reference: Mildbraed, J., 1930: 68. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 6654* (B), Schunke 9483 (MO!, USM!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Pseuderiopsis schomburgkii Rchb. f.


Pseuderiopsis schomburgkii Rchb. f. = Eriopsis biloba Lindl.

Reference: FP 1473: 596; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Pseudima frutescens (Aublet) Radlk.



Pseudima frutescens (Aublet) Radlk.

Synonyms: Pseudima frutescens Aubl.
Reference: Croat, T. B., 1977: 501. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Smith 3978 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco.


$


 Pseudobaccharis bolivensis (Wedd.) Cabrera


Pseudobaccharis bolivensis (Wedd.) Cabrera = Baccharis boliviensis (Wedd.) Cabrera

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1975: 256. 


$


 Pseudobombax marginatum (St. Hilaire) Robyns



Pseudobombax marginatum (St. Hilaire) Robyns

Synonyms: Pseudobombax marginatum (St. Hilaire) Schumann, Pseudobombax marginatum St. Hilaire
Reference: Robyns, A., 1963: 73. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 1557 (F!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Pseudobombax munguba (C. Martius & Zuccarini) Dugand



Pseudobombax munguba (C. Martius & Zuccarini) Dugand

Synonyms: Pseudobombax munguba C. Martius & Zuccarini
Reference: Robyns, A., 1963: 38. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Croat 17710 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Pseudobombax septenatum (Jacq.) Dugand



Pseudobombax septenatum (Jacq.) Dugand

Synonyms: Pseudobombax septenatum Jacq., Pseudobombax septenatum Ulbrich
Reference: Robyns, A., 1963: 32. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Foster 9880 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Madre de Dios.


$


 Pseudocalymma alliaceum (Lam.) Sandwith


Pseudocalymma alliaceum (Lam.) Sandwith = Mansoa alliacea (Lam.) A.H. Gentry

Reference: FP 1362: 30. 


$


 Pseudocalymma pachypus (Schumann) Sandwith


Pseudocalymma pachypus (Schumann) Sandwith = Mansoa alliacea (Lam.) A.H. Gentry

Reference: FP 1362: 30. 


$


 Pseudocalymma standleyi Steyerm.


Pseudocalymma standleyi Steyerm. = Mansoa standleyi (Steyerm.) A.H. Gentry

Reference: Gentry, A. H., 1982: 243. 


$


 Pseudocassia spectabilis (DC.) Britton & Rose


Pseudocassia spectabilis (DC.) Britton & Rose = Senna spectabilis (DC.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. spectabilis 

Reference: FP 21: 181; Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 603. 


$


 Pseudocentrum bursarium Rchb. f.



Pseudocentrum bursarium Rchb. f.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 106; Garay, L. A., 1978: 179. 
Ecology. 1500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Pearce s.n.* (W)


$


 Pseudocentrum macrostachyum Lindl.



Pseudocentrum macrostachyum Lindl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 106; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Pseudochimarrhis turbinata (DC.) Ducke


Pseudochimarrhis turbinata (DC.) Ducke = Chimarrhis turbinata DC.

Reference: Ducke, A., 1922: 255. 


$


 Pseudoconnarus agelaeoides (Schellenberg) Forero



Pseudoconnarus agelaeoides (Schellenberg) Forero

Synonyms: Pseudoconnarus agelaeoides Schellenberg
Reference: Flora Peru: 640: 1120; Forero, E., 1983: 131. 
Ecology: Endemic liana. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 1986* (NY!), Gentry et al. 29271 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Pseudoconnarus macrophyllus (Poepp.) Radlk.



Pseudoconnarus macrophyllus (Poepp.) Radlk.

Synonyms: Pseudoconnarus macrophyllus Poepp.
Reference: Forero, E., 1983: 133. 
Ecology: Native vine. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 793 (US!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco.


$


 Pseudoconnarus reticulatus Schellenberg


Pseudoconnarus reticulatus Schellenberg = Pseudoconnarus rhynchosioides (Standl.) Prance

Reference: FP 640: 1120; Forero, E., 1983: 136. 


$


 Pseudoconnarus rhynchosioides (Standl.) Prance



Pseudoconnarus rhynchosioides (Standl.) Prance

Synonyms: Pseudoconnarus rhynchosioides Schellenberg, Pseudoconnarus rhynchosioides Standl.
Reference: Forero, E., 1983: 136. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 578* (F!), Ducke RB 19743 (RB)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Pseudoconyza lyrata (Kunth) Cuatrec.


Pseudoconyza lyrata (Kunth) Cuatrec. = Blumea viscosa (Mill.) V.M. Badillo

Reference: FP 27926: 20. 


$


 Pseudoconyza viscosa (Mill.) D'Arcy


Pseudoconyza viscosa (Mill.) D'Arcy = Blumea viscosa (Mill.) V.M. Badillo

Reference: FP 27926: 20. 


$


 Pseudoespostoa climaxantha (Werdermann) Backeb.


Pseudoespostoa climaxantha (Werdermann) Backeb. = XHaagespostoa climaxantha (Werdermann) G.D. Rowley

Reference: Rowley, G. D., 1982: 76. 


$


 Pseudoespostoa melanostele (Vaupel) Backeb.


Pseudoespostoa melanostele (Vaupel) Backeb. = Espostoa melanostele (Vaupel) Borg

Reference: Hunt, D., 1992: 120. 


$


 Pseudoespostoa melanostele var. inermis Backeb.


Pseudoespostoa melanostele var. inermis Backeb. = Espostoa melanostele (Vaupel) Borg

$


 Pseudoespostoa nana (F. Ritter) Backeb.


Pseudoespostoa nana (F. Ritter) Backeb. = Espostoa nana F. Ritter

Reference: Hunt, D., 1992: 120. 


$


 Pseudognaphalium cheiranthifolia (Lam.) Hilliard & Burt


Pseudognaphalium cheiranthifolia (Lam.) Hilliard & Burt = Gnaphalium cheiranthifolium Lam.

Reference: FP 27926: 40. 
Note: NN  


$


 Pseudogynoxys asplundii K. Afzel.


Pseudogynoxys asplundii K. Afzel. = Pseudogynoxys scabra (Benth.) Cuatrec.

Reference: Robinson, H. & J. Cuatrecasas, 1977: 188. 


$


 Pseudogynoxys chiribogensis K. Afzel.


Pseudogynoxys chiribogensis K. Afzel. = Pseudogynoxys sonchoides (Kunth) Cuatrec.

Reference: Robinson, H. & J. Cuatrecasas, 1977: 189. 


$


 Pseudogynoxys chongonensis K. Afzel.


Pseudogynoxys chongonensis K. Afzel. = Pseudogynoxys scabra (Benth.) Cuatrec.

Reference: Robinson, H. & J. Cuatrecasas, 1977: 188. 


$


 Pseudogynoxys cordifolia (Cass.) Cabrera



Pseudogynoxys cordifolia (Cass.) Cabrera

Synonyms: Pseudogynoxys cordifolia (Hook.) Cabrera, Pseudogynoxys cordifolia Cass., Pseudogynoxys cordifolia Hook., Pseudogynoxys cordifolia Klatt
Reference: Robinson, H. & J. Cuatrecasas, 1977: 185. 
Ecology. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Dillon & Whalen 4021 (F)
Departments: Cajamarca, Lambayeque, La Libertad.


$


 Pseudogynoxys eggersii (Hieron.) Cabrera


Pseudogynoxys eggersii (Hieron.) Cabrera = Pseudogynoxys scabra (Benth.) Cuatrec.

Reference: Robinson, H. & J. Cuatrecasas, 1977: 185. 


$


 Pseudogynoxys engleri (Hieron.) H. Rob. & Cuatrec.



Pseudogynoxys engleri (Hieron.) H. Rob. & Cuatrec.

Synonyms: Pseudogynoxys engleri Hieron.
Reference: Robinson, H. & J. Cuatrecasas, 1977: 186. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Llatas 932 (F)
Departments: Lambayeque.


$


 Pseudogynoxys filicalyculata (Cuatrec.) Cuatrec.



Pseudogynoxys filicalyculata (Cuatrec.) Cuatrec.

Synonyms: Pseudogynoxys filicalyculata Cuatrec.
Reference: Robinson, H. & J. Cuatrecasas, 1977: 186. 
Ecology. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 7721* (F), Simpson & Schunke 539 (F)
Departments: Tumbes.


$


 Pseudogynoxys neovolubilis (Cuatrec.) Cuatrec.


Pseudogynoxys neovolubilis (Cuatrec.) Cuatrec. = Pseudogynoxys scabra (Benth.) Cuatrec.

Reference: Robinson, H. & J. Cuatrecasas, 1977: 188. 


$


 Pseudogynoxys poeppigii (DC.) H. Rob. & Cuatrec.



Pseudogynoxys poeppigii (DC.) H. Rob. & Cuatrec.

Synonyms: Pseudogynoxys poeppigii (Klatt) Cabrera, Pseudogynoxys poeppigii DC., Pseudogynoxys poeppigii Klatt
Reference: Robinson, H. & J. Cuatrecasas, 1977: 187. 
Ecology. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry & Smith 45108 (F)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, Piura, San Mart&iacute;n, Tumbes.


$


 Pseudogynoxys scabra (Benth.) Cuatrec.



Pseudogynoxys scabra (Benth.) Cuatrec.

Synonyms: Pseudogynoxys scabra (Cuatrec.) Cuatrec., Pseudogynoxys scabra (Hieron.) Cabrera, Pseudogynoxys scabra Benth., Pseudogynoxys scabra Cuatrec., Pseudogynoxys scabra Hieron., Pseudogynoxys scabra K. Afzel., Pseudogynoxys scabra K. Afzel.
Reference: Robinson, H. & J. Cuatrecasas, 1977: 187. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 6660 (US)
Departments: Piura.


$


 Pseudogynoxys sonchoides (Kunth) Cuatrec.



Pseudogynoxys sonchoides (Kunth) Cuatrec.

Synonyms: Pseudogynoxys sonchoides (Benth.) Hieron., Pseudogynoxys sonchoides Benth., Pseudogynoxys sonchoides K. Afzel., Pseudogynoxys sonchoides Kunth, Pseudogynoxys sonchoides Spruce ex Klatt
Reference: Robinson, H. & J. Cuatrecasas, 1977: 189. 
Ecology. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 3424 (US)
Departments: Cajamarca, Lambayeque, Piura.


$


 Pseudogynoxys sprucei (Klatt) Cabrera


Pseudogynoxys sprucei (Klatt) Cabrera = Pseudogynoxys poeppigii (DC.) H. Rob. & Cuatrec.

Reference: Robinson, H. & J. Cuatrecasas, 1977: 187. 


$


 Pseudogynoxys volubilis (Hook.) Cabrera


Pseudogynoxys volubilis (Hook.) Cabrera = Pseudogynoxys cordifolia (Cass.) Cabrera

Reference: Robinson, H. & J. Cuatrecasas, 1977: 185. 


$


 Pseudolmedia coriacea Karsten


Pseudolmedia coriacea Karsten = Maquira coriacea (Karsten) C.C. Berg

Reference: Berg, C. C., 1972: 73. 


$


 Pseudolmedia krukovii Standl.


Pseudolmedia krukovii Standl. = Naucleopsis krukovii (Standl.) C.C. Berg

Reference: Berg, C. C., 1972: 142. 


$


 Pseudolmedia laevigata Tr&eacute;cul



Pseudolmedia laevigata Tr&eacute;cul

Synonyms: Pseudolmedia laevigata J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1233: 326; Berg, C. C., 1972: 29; Spichiger, R., J. Meroz, P. Loizeau & L. Stutz de Ortega, 1989: 75. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: riversides, terra firme forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (FI-WEBB), V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 4471 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Pseudolmedia laevis (Ruiz & Pav.) J.F. Macbr.



Pseudolmedia laevis (Ruiz & Pav.) J.F. Macbr.

Synonyms: Pseudolmedia laevis Mildbr., Pseudolmedia laevis Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1233: 326; Berg, C. C., 1972: 21; Spichiger, R., J. Meroz, P. Loizeau & L. Stutz de Ortega, 1989: 77. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas, terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Woytkowski 5422 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Pseudolmedia macrophylla Tr&eacute;cul



Pseudolmedia macrophylla Tr&eacute;cul

Reference: Flora Peru: 1233: 327; Berg, C. C., 1972: 26; Spichiger, R., J. Meroz, P. Loizeau & L. Stutz de Ortega, 1989: 77. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Huashikat 516 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Pseudolmedia mildbraedii J.F. Macbr.


Pseudolmedia mildbraedii J.F. Macbr. = Pseudolmedia laevigata Tr&eacute;cul

Reference: FP 1233: 327; Berg, C. C., 1972: 29. 


$


 Pseudolmedia multinervis Mildbr.


Pseudolmedia multinervis Mildbr. = Pseudolmedia laevis (Ruiz & Pav.) J.F. Macbr.

Reference: FP 1233: 327; Berg, C. C., 1972: 21. 


$


 Pseudolmedia murure Standl.



Pseudolmedia murure Standl.

Reference: Berg, C. C., 1972: 27. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry & Jaramillo 57694 (MO!)
Departments: Madre de Dios.


$


 Pseudolmedia rigida (Klotzsch & Karsten) Cuatrec.



Pseudolmedia rigida (Klotzsch & Karsten) Cuatrec.

$


 Pseudolmedia rigida subsp.rigida



Pseudolmedia rigida subsp. rigida 

Synonyms: Pseudolmedia rigida rigida Klotzsch & Karsten
Reference: Berg, C. C., 1972: 35. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II: terra firme forests. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Smith et al. 8638 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Pasco.


$


 Pseudolmedia scabra J.F. Macbr.


Pseudolmedia scabra J.F. Macbr. = Helicostylis scabra (J.F. Macbr.) C.C. Berg

Reference: FP 1233: 328; Berg, C. C., 1972: 82. 


$


 Pseudomarsdenia cundurango (Rchb. f.) Schltr.


Pseudomarsdenia cundurango (Rchb. f.) Schltr. = Marsdenia cundurango Rchb. f.

Reference: Morillo, G., 1978: 44. 


$


 Pseudonoseris discolor (Muschl.) H. Rob. & Brettell



Pseudonoseris discolor (Muschl.) H. Rob. & Brettell

Synonyms: Pseudonoseris discolor Ferreyra, Pseudonoseris discolor Muschl.
Reference: Robinson, H. & R. D. Brettell, 1974: 60; Robinson, H., 1983: 49. 
Ecology. 1500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 16739 (USM)
Departments: Puno.


$


 Pseudonoseris striata (Cuatrec.) H. Rob. & Brettell



Pseudonoseris striata (Cuatrec.) H. Rob. & Brettell

Synonyms: Pseudonoseris striata Cuatrec.
Reference: Robinson, H. & R. D. Brettell, 1974: 60; Robinson, H., 1983: 47. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 7107* (F!)
Departments: Lambayeque.


$


 Pseudonoseris szyszylowiczii (Hieron.) H. Rob. & Brettell



Pseudonoseris szyszylowiczii (Hieron.) H. Rob. & Brettell

Synonyms: Pseudonoseris szyszylowiczii Hieron.
Reference: Robinson, H. & R. D. Brettell, 1974: 60; Robinson, H., 1983: 47. 
Ecology. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Jelski 718* (B photo F), Ferreyra 15465 (USM)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Cajamarca.


$


 Pseudopaegma colombianum Sandwith


Pseudopaegma colombianum Sandwith = Anemopaegma colombianum (Sandwith) A.H. Gentry

$


 Pseudopaegma insculptum Sandwith


Pseudopaegma insculptum Sandwith = Anemopaegma insculptum (Sandwith) A.H. Gentry

Reference: FP 1362: 37. 


$


 Pseudopaegma oligoneuron Sprague & Sandwith


Pseudopaegma oligoneuron Sprague & Sandwith = Anemopaegma oligoneuron (Sprague & Sandwith) A.H. Gentry

Reference: Gentry, A. H., 1982: 59. 


$


 Pseudorhipsalis ramulosa (Salm-Dyck) Barthlott



Pseudorhipsalis ramulosa (Salm-Dyck) Barthlott

Synonyms: Pseudorhipsalis ramulosa (Salm-Dyck) Kimnach, Pseudorhipsalis ramulosa (Salm-Dyck) Lem., Pseudorhipsalis ramulosa (Salm-Dyck) Pfeiff., Pseudorhipsalis ramulosa Salm-Dyck
Reference: Barthlott, W., 1991: 90; Hunt, D., 1992: 122. 
Ecology: Native Epiphytic, scandent cactus. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Tafalla s.n. (photo US)
Departments: Pasco.


$


 Pseudosicydium acariaeanthum Harms



Pseudosicydium acariaeanthum Harms

Reference: Flora Peru: 1379: 33. 
Ecology: Native liana, vine. Amazonian: riversides, swamps, terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Tessmann 5417* (B photo F), Woytkowski 6756 (MO!)
Departments: Lambayeque, Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Pseudosorocea sprucei Baill.


Pseudosorocea sprucei Baill. = Sorocea sprucei subsp. sprucei 

Reference: FP 1233: 313; Burger, W. C., J. Lanjouw & J. G. Wessels Boer, 1962: 468; Berg, C. C. & R. W. A. P. Akkermans, 1985: 391. 


$


 Pseudostenomesson vargasii Velarde


Pseudostenomesson vargasii Velarde = Ismene vargasii (Velarde) Gereau & Meerow

$


 Pseudourceolina robledoana Vargas


Pseudourceolina robledoana Vargas = Urceolina robledoana (Vargas) Traub

Reference: Vargas C., C., 1960: 7. 


$


 Pseudoxandra lucida R.E. Fr.



Pseudoxandra lucida R.E. Fr.

Reference: Maas, P. J. M., E. A. Mennega & L. Y. Th. Westra, 1987: 97. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Revilla et al. 2552 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Pseudoxandra polyphleba (Diels) R.E. Fr.



Pseudoxandra polyphleba (Diels) R.E. Fr.

Synonyms: Pseudoxandra polyphleba (Diels) R.E. Fr., Pseudoxandra polyphleba Diels
Reference: Flora Peru: 1277: 722. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Revilla et al. 2552 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Pseudoxandra williamsii (R. E. Fries) R.E. Fr.



Pseudoxandra williamsii (R. E. Fries) R.E. Fr.

Synonyms: Pseudoxandra williamsii R.E. Fr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1277: 722. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Williams 3960* (F)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Psidiopsis moritziana O. Berg


Psidiopsis moritziana O. Berg = Calycolpus moritzianus (O. Berg) Burret

Reference: FP 760: 791; McVaugh, R., 1969: 251. 
Note: NN  


$


 Psidium acutangulum DC.



Psidium acutangulum DC.

Synonyms: Psidium acutangulum Aubl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 760: 789; McVaugh, R., 1969: 250. 
Ecology: Native shrub, treelet. Amazonian: forests, riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez et al. 6660 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Psidium araca Raddi


Psidium araca Raddi = Psidium guineense Sw.

Reference: FP 760: 796. 


$


 Psidium arayan (Kunth) Burret



Psidium arayan (Kunth) Burret

Synonyms: Psidium arayan Kunth
Reference: Flora Peru: 760: 790. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Psidium caudatum McVaugh


Psidium caudatum McVaugh = Calycolpus moritzianus (O. Berg) Burret

Reference: FP 760: 791; McVaugh, R., 1969: 251. 
Note: NN  


$


 Psidium crenatum O. Berg


Psidium crenatum O. Berg = Psidium maribense DC.

Reference: FP 760: 797. 
Note: NN  


$


 Psidium densicomum DC.



Psidium densicomum DC.

Reference: Flora Peru: 760: 792; McVaugh, R., 1969: 252. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 9845 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Psidium dubium Kunth


Psidium dubium Kunth = Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) McVaugh

Reference: McVaugh, R., 1969: 232. 


$


 Psidium emarginatum Ruiz & Pav.


Psidium emarginatum Ruiz & Pav. = Eugenia racemiflora O. Berg

Reference: FP 760: 728. 


$


 Psidium fulvum McVaugh



Psidium fulvum McVaugh

Reference: Flora Peru: 760: 793; McVaugh, R., 1956: 226. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Mathews s.n.* (frag. F!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Psidium grandiflorum Aubl.


Psidium grandiflorum Aubl. = Psidium acutangulum DC.

Reference: FP 760: 789. 


$


 Psidium guajava L.



Psidium guajava L.

Synonyms: Psidium guajava L., Psidium guajava L.
Reference: Flora Peru: 760: 794; McVaugh, R., 1969: 252. 
Ecology: Cultivated shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I, Coastal: disturbed areas. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Ayala et al. 2450 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Psidium guineense Sw.



Psidium guineense Sw.

Synonyms: Psidium guineense Raddi, Psidium guineense Rusby
Reference: Flora Peru: 760: 796; McVaugh, R., 1969: 252. 
Ecology: Cultivated shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas. 0-3000 m. 
Voucher: Smith & Canne 5756 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Psidium lanuginosum Ruiz & Pav. ex G. Don


Psidium lanuginosum Ruiz & Pav. ex G. Don = Acca lanuginosa (Ruiz & Pav. ex G. Don) McVaugh

Reference: FP 760: 784; Landrum, L. R., 1986: 135. 


$


 Psidium macrostemum Ruiz & Pav. ex G. Don


Psidium macrostemum Ruiz & Pav. ex G. Don = Acca macrostema (Ruiz & Pav. ex G. Don) McVaugh

Reference: FP 760: 785; Landrum, L. R., 1986: 137. 


$


 Psidium maribense DC.



Psidium maribense DC.

Synonyms: Psidium maribense O. Berg
Reference: Flora Peru: 760: 797; McVaugh, R., 1969: 254. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Psidium ooideum var. longipedunculatum Rusby


Psidium ooideum var. longipedunculatum Rusby = Psidium guineense Sw.

Reference: FP 760: 796. 


$


 Psidium pedicellatum McVaugh



Psidium pedicellatum McVaugh

Reference: Flora Peru: 760: 798; McVaugh, R., 1956: 227. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Psidium pomiferum L.


Psidium pomiferum L. = Psidium guajava L.

Reference: FP 760: 794. 


$


 Psidium pratense Poepp. ex O. Berg


Psidium pratense Poepp. ex O. Berg = Psidium rutidocarpum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 760: 800. 


$


 Psidium pyriferum L.


Psidium pyriferum L. = Psidium guajava L.

Reference: FP 760: 794. 


$


 Psidium raimondii Burret



Psidium raimondii Burret

Reference: Flora Peru: 760: 801. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   Listed in the Flora of Peru as a doubtful species. 


$


 Psidium rivulare DC.


Psidium rivulare DC. = Campomanesia lineatifolia Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 760: 812; Landrum, L. R., 1986: 41. 


$


 Psidium rostratum McVaugh



Psidium rostratum McVaugh

Reference: Flora Peru: 760: 799; McVaugh, R., 1956: 227. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, tree. Coastal: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 7648* (F!), Gentry & D&iacute;az 58239 (MO!)
Departments: Tumbes.


$


 Psidium ruizianum O. Berg


Psidium ruizianum O. Berg = Psidium rutidocarpum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 760: 800. 


$


 Psidium rutidocarpum Ruiz & Pav.



Psidium rutidocarpum Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Psidium rutidocarpum O. Berg, Psidium rutidocarpum Poepp. ex O. Berg, Psidium rutidocarpum Ruiz & Pav., Psidium rutidocarpum Ruiz ex O. Berg
Reference: Flora Peru: 760: 800. 
Ecology. 500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz s.n.* , Gentry et al. 39844 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Pasco.


$


 Psidium rypdocarpum Ruiz & Pav.


Psidium rypdocarpum Ruiz & Pav. = Psidium rutidocarpum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 760: 800. 


$


 Psidium speciosum Diels


Psidium speciosum Diels = Campomanesia speciosa (Diels) McVaugh

Reference: FP 760: 813; Landrum, L. R., 1986: 63. 


$


 Psidium ulei Diels


Psidium ulei Diels = Eugenia ulei (Diels) McVaugh

Reference: FP 760: 742. 


$


 Psidium xidocarpum Ruiz ex O. Berg


Psidium xidocarpum Ruiz ex O. Berg = Psidium rutidocarpum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 760: 800. 


$


 Psiguria bignoniacea (Poepp. & Endl.) Wunderlin


Psiguria bignoniacea (Poepp. & Endl.) Wunderlin = Gurania bignoniacea (Poepp. & Endl.) C. Jeffrey

Reference: FP 1379: 354; Jeffrey, pers. comm.. 


$


 Psiguria ternata (M. J. Roemer) C. Jeffrey



Psiguria ternata (M. J. Roemer) C. Jeffrey

Synonyms: Psiguria ternata Cogn., Psiguria ternata M. J. Roemer
Reference: Flora Peru: 1379: 347; Jeffrey, C., 1978: 354. 
Ecology: Native Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Knapp 6878 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Psiguria triphylla (Miq.) C. Jeffrey



Psiguria triphylla (Miq.) C. Jeffrey

Synonyms: Psiguria triphylla (Cogniaux) J.F. Macbr., Psiguria triphylla Cogn., Psiguria triphylla Cogn., Psiguria triphylla Miq., Psiguria triphylla Poepp. & Endl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1379: 344; Jeffrey, C., 1978: 353; Jeffrey, C., 1984: 466. 
Ecology: Native vine. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests, riversides. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Foster 9405 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Psila bolivensis (Wedd.) Cabrera


Psila bolivensis (Wedd.) Cabrera = Baccharis boliviensis (Wedd.) Cabrera

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1975: 256. 


$


 Psilactis brevilingulata fo.andina Cuatrec.



Psilactis brevilingulata fo. andina Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1964: 140; Cuatrecasas, J., 1969: 69. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ellenberg 1919* (U)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Psilactis brevilingulata Sch. Bip. ex Hemsl.



Psilactis brevilingulata Sch. Bip. ex Hemsl.

$


 Psilanthele grandiflora Lindau


Psilanthele grandiflora Lindau = Oplonia grandiflora (Lindau) Stearn

Reference: Stearn, W. T., 1971: 299. 


$


 Psilochilus macrophyllus (Lindl.) Ames



Psilochilus macrophyllus (Lindl.) Ames

Synonyms: Psilochilus macrophyllus Lindl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1510: 2; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 1500-2500 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Psilogramme elongata (Grev. & Hook.) Kuhn


Psilogramme elongata (Grev. & Hook.) Kuhn = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 51. 


$


 Psilogramme flabellata (Grev. & Hook.) Kuhn


Psilogramme flabellata (Grev. & Hook.) Kuhn = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 49. 


$


 Psilogramme flexuosa (Kunth) Kuhn


Psilogramme flexuosa (Kunth) Kuhn = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 47. 


$


 Psilogramme lechleri (Kuhn) Kuhn


Psilogramme lechleri (Kuhn) Kuhn = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 41. 


$


 Psilogramme mathewsii (Hook.) Kuhn


Psilogramme mathewsii (Hook.) Kuhn = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 42. 


$


 Psilogramme rufescens (F&eacute;e) Kuhn


Psilogramme rufescens (F&eacute;e) Kuhn = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 42. 


$


 Psittacanthus acutifolius (Ruiz & Pav.) G. Don


Psittacanthus acutifolius (Ruiz & Pav.) G. Don = Tripodanthus acutifolius (Ruiz & Pav.) Tiegh.

Reference: FP 1238: 398; Kuijt, J., 1986: 142. 


$


 Psittacanthus amazonicus (Ule) Kuijt



Psittacanthus amazonicus (Ule) Kuijt

Synonyms: Psittacanthus amazonicus Ule
Reference: Kuijt, J., 1983: 670. 
Ecology: Native parasitic shrub. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Lewis et al. 10302 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Psittacanthus amplexifolius (van Tieghem) Engl.


Psittacanthus amplexifolius (van Tieghem) Engl. = ?  

Reference: FP 1238: 402; Kuijt, pers. comm.. 


$


 Psittacanthus calcaratus A.C. Sm.



Psittacanthus calcaratus A.C. Sm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1238: 403. 
Ecology: Native parasitic shrub. Amazonian: riversides, terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 694* (NY), Gr&aacute;ndez et al. 378 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Psittacanthus cardiphyllus (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Eichler



Psittacanthus cardiphyllus (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Eichler

Synonyms: Psittacanthus cardiphyllus Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1238: 403. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Psittacanthus chanduyensis Eichler



Psittacanthus chanduyensis Eichler

Synonyms: Psittacanthus chanduyensis (Benth.) Bentham ex Eichler, Psittacanthus chanduyensis Benth., Psittacanthus chanduyensis Patschovsky, Psittacanthus chanduyensis Tiegh.
Reference: Kuijt, J., 1986: 189. 
Ecology: Native parasitic shrub. Coastal: forests, rocky slopes. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: D&iacute;az & Balde&oacute;n 2356 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, La Libertad, Piura, Tumbes.


$


 Psittacanthus coccineus Patschovsky



Psittacanthus coccineus Patschovsky

Reference: Flora Peru: 1238: 403. 
Ecology: Endemic parasitic shrub. Andean I, Coastal: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbaeur 2643* (B photo F!), West 8083 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, La Libertad.


$


 Psittacanthus collum-cygni Eichler



Psittacanthus collum-cygni Eichler

$


 Psittacanthus cordiae Krause



Psittacanthus cordiae Krause

Reference: Flora Peru: 1238: 404; Kuijt, J., 1986: 191. 
Ecology: Native parasitic shrub. Andean I-II, Coastal: forests. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 5996 (B photo F!), D&iacute;az & V&aacute;squez 2995 (MO!)
Departments: Piura.


$


 Psittacanthus corynocephalus Eichler



Psittacanthus corynocephalus Eichler

Reference: Kuijt, J., 1986: 172. 
Ecology: Native parasitic shrub. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 5825 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Psittacanthus crassifolius (C. Martius ex Roemer & Schultes) G. Don



Psittacanthus crassifolius (C. Martius ex Roemer & Schultes) G. Don

Synonyms: Psittacanthus crassifolius C. Martius ex Roemer & Schultes
Reference: Flora Peru: 1238: 404; Kuijt, J., 1986: 185. 
Ecology: Native parasitic shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 119 
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Psittacanthus cucullaris (Lam.) Blume



Psittacanthus cucullaris (Lam.) Blume

Synonyms: Psittacanthus cucullaris (Kunth) Klotzsch, Psittacanthus cucullaris (Lam.) Tiegh., Psittacanthus cucullaris Kunth, Psittacanthus cucullaris Lam.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1238: 404; Kuijt, J., 1986: 179. 
Ecology: Native parasitic shrub. Amazonian, Andean I, Coastal: seasonally inundated areas, terra firme forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 7372 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n, Tumbes, Ucayali.


$


 Psittacanthus cuneifolius (Ruiz & Pav.) G. Don


Psittacanthus cuneifolius (Ruiz & Pav.) G. Don = Ligaria cuneifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Tiegh.

Reference: FP 1238: 405; Barlow, B. A. & D. Wiens, 1973: 39. 


$


 Psittacanthus cupulifer (Kunth) Klotzsch


Psittacanthus cupulifer (Kunth) Klotzsch = Psittacanthus cucullaris (Lam.) Blume

Reference: FP 1238: 405; Kuijt, J., 1986: 179. 


$


 Psittacanthus dichotomus (Ruiz & Pav.) Eichler


Psittacanthus dichotomus (Ruiz & Pav.) Eichler =   

Reference: FP 1238: 405; Kuijt, pers. comm.. 


$


 Psittacanthus divaricatus (Kunth) G. Don



Psittacanthus divaricatus (Kunth) G. Don

Synonyms: Psittacanthus divaricatus Kunth
Reference: Flora Peru: 1238: 406. 
Ecology: Native parasitic shrub. Coastal: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Raimondi s.n. 
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Psittacanthus hortonii Standl. & F.A. Barkley


Psittacanthus hortonii Standl. & F.A. Barkley = Ligaria cuneifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Tiegh.

Reference: Kuijt, pers. comm.. 


$


 Psittacanthus krausei J.F. Macbr.



Psittacanthus krausei J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1238: 406. 
Ecology: Native parasitic shrub. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 1323* (F), V&aacute;squez & Ruiz 2932 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto.


$


 Psittacanthus linearis (Killip) J.F. Macbr.



Psittacanthus linearis (Killip) J.F. Macbr.

Synonyms: Psittacanthus linearis Killip
Reference: Flora Peru: 1238: 406; Kuijt, J., 1986: 191. 
Ecology: Native parasitic shrub. Coastal: lomas, shrublands. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Haught 9* (US), Woytkowski 6750 (MO!)
Departments: Lambayeque, La Libertad, Piura.


$


 Psittacanthus nodosus (Desr.) G. Don


Psittacanthus nodosus (Desr.) G. Don = Aetanthus dichotomus (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuijt

Reference: Kuijt, pers. comm.. 


$


 Psittacanthus oblongifolius (Rusby) Kuijt



Psittacanthus oblongifolius (Rusby) Kuijt

Reference: Kuijt, J., 1990: 120. 
Ecology: Native parasitic shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 3164 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Psittacanthus obovatus (Benth.) Bentham ex Eichler


Psittacanthus obovatus (Benth.) Bentham ex Eichler = Psittacanthus chanduyensis Eichler

Reference: FP 1238: 407; Kuijt, J., 1986: 189. 


$


 Psittacanthus pangui Kuijt



Psittacanthus pangui Kuijt

Reference: Kuijt, J., 1986: 177. 
Ecology: Native parasitic shrub. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Spichiger et al. 1409 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Psittacanthus peculiaris A.C. Sm.



Psittacanthus peculiaris A.C. Sm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1238: 407. 
Ecology: Endemic parasitic shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 29967* (NY), Klug 1206 (US)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Psittacanthus peruanus Engl.


Psittacanthus peruanus Engl. = Ligaria cuneifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Tiegh.

Reference: Kuijt, pers. comm.. 


$


 Psittacanthus subalatus Krause



Psittacanthus subalatus Krause

Reference: Flora Peru: 1238: 407. 
Ecology: Endemic parasitic shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 5815 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Piura.


$


 Psittacanthus truncatus Kuijt



Psittacanthus truncatus Kuijt

Reference: Kuijt, J., 1986: 174. 
Ecology: Native parasitic shrub. Andean I: terra firme forests. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry & Smith 45118 (MO!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Psittacanthus tumbecensis (Killip) J.F. Macbr.



Psittacanthus tumbecensis (Killip) J.F. Macbr.

Synonyms: Psittacanthus tumbecensis Killip
Reference: Flora Peru: 1238: 408. 
Ecology: Endemic parasitic shrub. Coastal: lomas. 0-1000 m. 
Note: Woytkowski 6750 is questionably determined as this species. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 7668* (US), Woytkowski 6750 (MO!)
Departments: Lambayeque, Tumbes.


$


 Psittacanthus weberbaueri Patschovsky


Psittacanthus weberbaueri Patschovsky = Psittacanthus chanduyensis Eichler

Reference: FP 1238: 408; Kuijt, J., 1986: 189. 


$


 Psittacanthus wiensii Kuijt



Psittacanthus wiensii Kuijt

Reference: Kuijt, J., 1986: 182. 
Ecology: Native parasitic shrub. Amazonian: disturbed areas, terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Lewis et al. 11957 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Psittacanthus zonatus (Diels) Kuijt



Psittacanthus zonatus (Diels) Kuijt

Synonyms: Psittacanthus zonatus Diels
Reference: Kuijt, J., 1983: 666. 
Ecology: Native parasitic shrub. Andean I: cloud forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Wallnofer & Fern&aacute;ndez 12-271187 (LEA)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Psoralea carthagenensis Jacq.


Psoralea carthagenensis Jacq. = Dalea carthagenensis (Jacq.) J.F. Macbr. var. carthagenensis 

Reference: FP 21: 375; Barneby, R. C., 1977: 515. 


$


 Psoralea divaricata Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.


Psoralea divaricata Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. = Otholobium mexicanum (L. f.) J.W. Grimes

Reference: FP 21: 359; Grimes, J. W., 1990: 23. 


$


 Psoralea featherstonei J.F. Macbr.


Psoralea featherstonei J.F. Macbr. = Otholobium pubescens (Poir.) J.W. Grimes

Reference: Grimes, J. W., 1990: 28. 


$


 Psoralea glandulosa L.


Psoralea glandulosa L. = Otholobium glandulosum (L.) J.W. Grimes

Reference: Grimes, J. W., 1990: 29. 


$


 Psoralea lasiostachys Vogel


Psoralea lasiostachys Vogel = Otholobium pubescens (Poir.) J.W. Grimes

Reference: Grimes, J. W., 1990: 27. 


$


 Psoralea leporina Aiton


Psoralea leporina Aiton = Dalea leporina (Aiton) Bullock

Reference: FP 21: 369; Barneby, R. C., 1977: 210. 


$


 Psoralea maleolens J.F. Macbr.


Psoralea maleolens J.F. Macbr. = Otholobium mexicanum (L. f.) J.W. Grimes

Reference: FP 21: 360; Grimes, J. W., 1990: 23. 


$


 Psoralea marginata Meyen


Psoralea marginata Meyen = Otholobium pubescens (Poir.) J.W. Grimes

Reference: FP 21: 360; Grimes, J. W., 1990: 23. 


$


 Psoralea mexicana (L. f.) Vail


Psoralea mexicana (L. f.) Vail = Otholobium mexicanum (L. f.) J.W. Grimes

Reference: FP 21: 359; Grimes, J. W., 1990: 23. 


$


 Psoralea mexicana var. maleolens (J.F. Macbr.) J.F. Macbr.


Psoralea mexicana var. maleolens (J.F. Macbr.) J.F. Macbr. = Otholobium mexicanum (L. f.) J.W. Grimes

Reference: FP 21: 360; Grimes, J. W., 1990: 23. 


$


 Psoralea mexicana var. trianae (Vail) J.F. Macbr.


Psoralea mexicana var. trianae (Vail) J.F. Macbr. = Otholobium mexicanum (L. f.) J.W. Grimes

Reference: FP 21: 360; Grimes, J. W., 1990: 23. 


$


 Psoralea munyensis J.F. Macbr.


Psoralea munyensis J.F. Macbr. = Otholobium munyensis (J.F. Macbr.) J.W. Grimes

Reference: FP 21: 360; Grimes, J. W., 1990: 23. 


$


 Psoralea mutisii Kunth


Psoralea mutisii Kunth = Otholobium mexicanum (L. f.) J.W. Grimes

Reference: FP 21: 359; Grimes, J. W., 1990: 23. 


$


 Psoralea potens J.F. Macbr.


Psoralea potens J.F. Macbr. = Otholobium pubescens (Poir.) J.W. Grimes

Reference: Grimes, J. W., 1990: 28. 


$


 Psoralea pubescens Poir.


Psoralea pubescens Poir. = Otholobium pubescens (Poir.) J.W. Grimes

Reference: FP 21: 360; Grimes, J. W., 1990: 27. 


$


 Psoralea pubescens var. lasiostachys (Vogel) J.F. Macbr.


Psoralea pubescens var. lasiostachys (Vogel) J.F. Macbr. = Otholobium pubescens (Poir.) J.W. Grimes

Reference: Grimes, J. W., 1990: 27. 


$


 Psoralea remotiflora J.F. Macbr.


Psoralea remotiflora J.F. Macbr. = Otholobium pubescens (Poir.) J.W. Grimes

Reference: Grimes, J. W., 1990: 28. 


$


 Psoralea trianae Vail


Psoralea trianae Vail = Otholobium mexicanum (L. f.) J.W. Grimes

Reference: FP 21: 360; Grimes, J. W., 1990: 23. 


$


 Psoralea yurensis Rusby


Psoralea yurensis Rusby = Otholobium pubescens (Poir.) J.W. Grimes

Reference: Grimes, J. W., 1990: 28. 


$


 Psychopsis papilio (Lindl.) H.G. Jones



Psychopsis papilio (Lindl.) H.G. Jones

Synonyms: Psychopsis papilio Lindl.
Reference: Luer, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Psychopsis sanderae (Rolfe) L&uuml;ckel & Braem



Psychopsis sanderae (Rolfe) L&uuml;ckel & Braem

Synonyms: Psychopsis sanderae Rolfe
Reference: L&uuml;ckel, E. & G. J. Braem, 1982: 6; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 10421 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Psychotria abdita Standl.



Psychotria abdita Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 181. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, tree. Andean I: forests. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 4351* (K frag. F!), Klug 3226 (F)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Psychotria acreana Krause



Psychotria acreana Krause

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 181; Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 483. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. . 
Note: Not known from Peru.   The type is from near the Peruvian border in Brazil. 


$


 Psychotria acuminata Benth.



Psychotria acuminata Benth.

Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 1315. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Incorrectly called P. cuspidata in the Flora of Peru. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 29656 (F!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Psychotria adpressipilis Steyerm.



Psychotria adpressipilis Steyerm.

Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 649. 
Ecology. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 4008* (NY), Klug 3241 (F!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Psychotria alba Ruiz & Pav.


Psychotria alba Ruiz & Pav. = Psychotria carthagenensis Jacq.

Reference: FP 1365: 182; Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 466. 


$


 Psychotria albert-smithii Standl.



Psychotria albert-smithii Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 183. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 29766* (F!), Klug 2772 (F!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Psychotria alboviridula K. Krause


Psychotria alboviridula K. Krause = Psychotria remota Benth.

Reference: FP 1365: 183; Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 1243. 


$


 Psychotria amethystina Ruiz & Pav.


Psychotria amethystina Ruiz & Pav. = Palicourea amethystina (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.

Reference: FP 1365: 221; Standley, P. C., 1931: 317. 


$


 Psychotria anceps Kunth



Psychotria anceps Kunth

Synonyms: Psychotria anceps Kunth
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 184; Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 1219. 
Ecology: Native shrub, treelet. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 971 
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Psychotria anomothyrsa Schumann & J. D. Smith


Psychotria anomothyrsa Schumann & J. D. Smith = Psychotria macrophylla subsp. anomothyrsa (Schumann & J. D. Smith) Steyerm.

Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 563. 


$


 Psychotria arcuata Benth.


Psychotria arcuata Benth. = Psychotria capitata subsp. inundata (Benth.) Steyerm.

Reference: FP 1365: 186; Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 618. 


$


 Psychotria aschersoniana Schumann & Krause



Psychotria aschersoniana Schumann & Krause

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 184; Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 1344. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. . 
Voucher: Raimondi 6785 (F!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Psychotria bahiensis DC.



Psychotria bahiensis DC.

$


 Psychotria bahiensis var.cornigera (Benth.) Steyerm.



Psychotria bahiensis var. cornigera (Benth.) Steyerm.

Synonyms: Psychotria bahiensis cornigera Benth.
Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 518. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 5256 (F!)
Departments: Loreto, Ucayali.


$


 Psychotria barbiflora DC.



Psychotria barbiflora DC.

Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 1491. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1500 m. 
Note: Incorrectly called P. involucrata in the Flora of Peru. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez 6954 (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Psychotria barcellana M&uuml;ll. Arg.


Psychotria barcellana M&uuml;ll. Arg. = Psychotria poeppigiana subsp. barcellana (M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Steyerm.

Reference: FP 1365: 150; Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 680. 


$


 Psychotria berteriana subsp. luxurians (Rusby) Steyerm.


Psychotria berteriana subsp. luxurians (Rusby) Steyerm. = Psychotria luxurians Rusby

Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 534. 


$


 Psychotria blepharophylla (Standl.) Steyerm.



Psychotria blepharophylla (Standl.) Steyerm.

Synonyms: Psychotria blepharophylla Standl.
Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 649. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 59 
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Psychotria boliviana Standl.



Psychotria boliviana Standl.

Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 1262. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 6194 (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Psychotria borucana (A.R. Molina) Taylor & Burger



Psychotria borucana (A.R. Molina) Taylor & Burger

Synonyms: Psychotria borucana A.R. Molina, Psychotria borucana Standl.


$


 Psychotria brachiata Sw.



Psychotria brachiata Sw.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 184; Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 585. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   Steyermark (1972) differentiates P. brachiata from P. caerulea; following his interpretation, P. brachiata is limited to the West Indies and Central America. 


$


 Psychotria brachybotrya M&uuml;ll. Arg.



Psychotria brachybotrya M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Synonyms: Psychotria brachybotrya Standl.
Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 1500. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests, riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 1321 (F!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Psychotria bracteocardia (DC.) M&uuml;ll. Arg.



Psychotria bracteocardia (DC.) M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Synonyms: Psychotria bracteocardia DC., Psychotria bracteocardia Hoffmanns. ex Roem. & Schult.
Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 1616. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Plowman 2561 (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Psychotria buchtienii (H. Winkler) Standl.



Psychotria buchtienii (H. Winkler) Standl.

Synonyms: Psychotria buchtienii H. Winkler
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 185; Standley, P. C., 1931: 303. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 5269 (F!)
Departments: Cuzco, Loreto, Ucayali.


$


 Psychotria bullatifolia Standl.



Psychotria bullatifolia Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 185. 
Ecology: Native herb, subshrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Williams 1803* (F!), Plowman et al. 7167 (F!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Psychotria caerulea Ruiz & Pav.



Psychotria caerulea Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Psychotria caerulea (Ruiz & Pav.) Roemer & Schultes, Psychotria caerulea Schltdl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 184, 223; Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 585. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Note: This name appears twice in the Flora of Peru, as a synonym of P. brachiata, and as a synonym of Palicourea caerulea. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (F!), Schunke 5710 (F!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Psychotria calochlamys Standl.


Psychotria calochlamys Standl. = Psychotria stipulosa M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Reference: FP 1365: 185. 


$


 Psychotria campyloneura M&uuml;ll. Arg.


Psychotria campyloneura M&uuml;ll. Arg. = Psychotria deflexa subsp. campyloneura (M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Steyerm.

Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 504. 


$


 Psychotria candelabrum Standl.



Psychotria candelabrum Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 186. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Williams 2702* (F!), McDaniel 11436 (F!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Psychotria canephorantha Wernham


Psychotria canephorantha Wernham = Rudgea canephorantha (Wernham) Standl.

Reference: FP 1365: 161. 


$


 Psychotria capitata Ruiz & Pav.



Psychotria capitata Ruiz & Pav.

$


 Psychotria capitata subsp.capitata



Psychotria capitata subsp. capitata 

Synonyms: Psychotria capitata capitata M&uuml;ll. Arg., Psychotria capitata capitata Sprengel
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 186; Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 616. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (F!), Schunke 5833 (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Psychotria capitata subsp.inundata (Benth.) Steyerm.



Psychotria capitata subsp. inundata (Benth.) Steyerm.

Synonyms: Psychotria capitata inundata Benth., Psychotria capitata inundata Benth.
Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 618. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests, riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 29355 (F!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Psychotria carthagenensis Jacq.



Psychotria carthagenensis Jacq.

Synonyms: Psychotria carthagenensis (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze, Psychotria carthagenensis (Ruiz & Pav.) M&uuml;ll. Arg., Psychotria carthagenensis (Ruiz & Pav.) M. G&oacute;mez, Psychotria carthagenensis Ruiz & Pav., Psychotria carthagenensis Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 187; Hamilton, C. W., 1989: 85. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Foster & Terborgh 6470 (F!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Psychotria chagrensis Standl.



Psychotria chagrensis Standl.

Reference: Hamilton, C. W., 1989: 402. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry 18962 (F!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Psychotria chloritica M&uuml;ll. Arg.


Psychotria chloritica M&uuml;ll. Arg. = Psychotria capitata subsp. capitata 

Reference: FP 1365: 187; Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 616. 


$


 Psychotria chrysotricha Zahlbr.


Psychotria chrysotricha Zahlbr. = Palicourea chrysotricha (Zahlbr.) Standl.

Reference: FP 1365: 224. 


$


 Psychotria cincta Standl.



Psychotria cincta Standl.

Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 1296. 
Ecology: Native shrub, treelet. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Croat 18437 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Psychotria compta Standl.



Psychotria compta Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 188. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, subshrub. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 29098* (F!), Schunke 5594 (F!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Psychotria cordifolia F. Dietrich


Psychotria cordifolia F. Dietrich = Geophila macropoda (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.

Reference: FP 1365: 146. 
Note: nom. illeg.  


$


 Psychotria cornigera Benth.


Psychotria cornigera Benth. = Psychotria bahiensis var. cornigera (Benth.) Steyerm.

Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 518. 


$


 Psychotria corymbifera M&uuml;ll. Arg.


Psychotria corymbifera M&uuml;ll. Arg. = Palicourea corymbifera (M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Standl.

Reference: FP 1365: 225; Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 1772. 


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 Psychotria costato-venosa Schltdl.



Psychotria costato-venosa Schltdl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 188. 
Ecology: Endemic . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   This is a doubtful species, known to Standley only from the original description and a leaf.  
Voucher: Lechler 2077* 
Departments: Puno.


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 Psychotria crocea Sw.


Psychotria crocea Sw. = Palicourea crocea (Sw.) Roem. & Schult.

Reference: FP 1365: 226; Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 1721. 


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 Psychotria cupularis (M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Standl.



Psychotria cupularis (M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Standl.

Synonyms: Psychotria cupularis M&uuml;ll. Arg.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 189; Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 1206. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Williams 1749 (F)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Psychotria cuspidata Bredemeyer ex Roemer & Schultes



Psychotria cuspidata Bredemeyer ex Roemer & Schultes

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 189; Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 1312. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   Steyermark (1974) limits the range of the species to north central Venzuela.  The name is misapplied in the Flora of Peru for P. acuminata.  


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 Psychotria cuspidulata (Krause) Standl.



Psychotria cuspidulata (Krause) Standl.

Synonyms: Psychotria cuspidulata Krause
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 189. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Ule 6551* (B photo & frag. F!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Psychotria cymosa Ruiz & Pav.


Psychotria cymosa Ruiz & Pav. = Palicourea cymosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Standl.

Reference: FP 1365: 226. 


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 Psychotria deflexa DC.



Psychotria deflexa DC.

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 Psychotria deflexa subsp.campyloneura (M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Steyerm.



Psychotria deflexa subsp. campyloneura (M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Steyerm.

Synonyms: Psychotria deflexa campyloneura M&uuml;ll. Arg.
Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 504. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Note: Treated incorrectly in the Flora of Peru as P. patens.  
Voucher: Klug 2282 (F!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Psychotria deflexa subsp.deflexa



Psychotria deflexa subsp. deflexa 

Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 1286. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 4641 (F!)
Departments: Amazonas, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Psychotria dolichophylla (Standl.) C. M. Taylor



Psychotria dolichophylla (Standl.) C. M. Taylor

Synonyms: Psychotria dolichophylla Standl.


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 Psychotria dudleyi Steyerm.



Psychotria dudleyi Steyerm.

Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1975: 227. 
Ecology: Endemic hemiepiphyte. Andean I-II: cloud forests. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Dudley 13089* (NA), Dudley 13523 (NA)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


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 Psychotria educta Standl.



Psychotria educta Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 190. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Amazonian: forests, riversides. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Tessmann 4057* (F!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Psychotria egensis M&uuml;ll. Arg.



Psychotria egensis M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 190; Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 1457. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Williams 7416 (F!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Psychotria emetica L. f.



Psychotria emetica L. f.

Synonyms: Psychotria emetica (L. f.) Baill., Psychotria emetica (L. f.) Pers.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 191; Standley, P. C., 1931: 305. 
Ecology: Native subshrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 4362 (F!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Psychotria epiphytica Krause



Psychotria epiphytica Krause

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 191. 
Ecology. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Ule 6692* (F!), Schunke 5286 (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto.


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 Psychotria erecta (Aubl.) Standl. & Steyerm.



Psychotria erecta (Aubl.) Standl. & Steyerm.

Synonyms: Psychotria erecta Aubl.
Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 1672. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 5386 (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Psychotria ernestii Krause



Psychotria ernestii Krause

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 191; Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 483. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: forests, riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: McDaniel 11275 (F!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Psychotria falcata Rusby



Psychotria falcata Rusby

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 192; Standley, P. C., 1931: 305. 
Ecology. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Williams 5962 (F!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Psychotria ferreyrae C.M. Taylor



Psychotria ferreyrae C.M. Taylor

Synonyms: Psychotria ferreyrae (Krause) Standl., Psychotria ferreyrae Krause


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 Psychotria flaviflora (Krause) C.M. Taylor



Psychotria flaviflora (Krause) C.M. Taylor

Synonyms: Psychotria flaviflora (Krause) Standl., Psychotria flaviflora Krause


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 Psychotria flexuosa Willd.


Psychotria flexuosa Willd. = Psychotria paniculata (Aubl.) Raeuschel

Reference: FP 1365: 203; Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 500. 
Note: NN  


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 Psychotria foveolata Ruiz & Pav.


Psychotria foveolata Ruiz & Pav. = Psychotria carthagenensis Jacq.

Reference: FP 1365: 187; Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 468. 


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 Psychotria glomerata Kunth



Psychotria glomerata Kunth

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 213; Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 482. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   Collected in Peru according to the original description, but Steyermark (1972) suggests that it is probably from Colombia.  Treated incorrectly as a synonym of P. viridis in the Flora of Peru.  


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 Psychotria gracilis Ruiz & Pav.


Psychotria gracilis Ruiz & Pav. = Geophila gracilis (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.

Reference: FP 1365: 146; Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 394. 


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 Psychotria herbacea Jacq.


Psychotria herbacea Jacq. = Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst.

Reference: FP 1365: 146; Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 395. 


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 Psychotria herzogii S. Moore



Psychotria herzogii S. Moore

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 192; Standley, P. C., 1931: 306. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 29569 (F!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios.


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 Psychotria hoffmannseggiana (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) M&uuml;ll. Arg.



Psychotria hoffmannseggiana (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Synonyms: Psychotria hoffmannseggiana Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 192; Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 1495. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Williams 853 (F!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Psychotria horizontalis Sw.



Psychotria horizontalis Sw.

Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 1231. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub, subshrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Croat 19475 (F!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Psychotria hospitalis Standl.



Psychotria hospitalis Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 193. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Williams 845* (F!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Psychotria huallagae Standl.



Psychotria huallagae Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 193. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Williams 5265* (F!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Psychotria huantensis Standl.



Psychotria huantensis Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 193. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Killip & Smith 22633* (F!)
Departments: Ayacucho.


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 Psychotria hyacinthiflora Ruiz & Pav.


Psychotria hyacinthiflora Ruiz & Pav. = Palicourea obovata (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.

Reference: FP 1365: 234. 


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 Psychotria hyacinthoides Pers.


Psychotria hyacinthoides Pers. = Palicourea obovata (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.

Reference: FP 1365: 234. 


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 Psychotria inundata Benth.


Psychotria inundata Benth. = Psychotria capitata subsp. inundata (Benth.) Steyerm.

Reference: FP 1365: 186; Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 618. 


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 Psychotria involucrata Sw.


Psychotria involucrata Sw. = Psychotria officinalis (Aubl.) Raeusch. ex Sandwith

Reference: FP 1365: 194; Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 1516. 
Note: NN  


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 Psychotria iodotricha M&uuml;ll. Arg.



Psychotria iodotricha M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Synonyms: Psychotria iodotricha (M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Standl., Psychotria iodotricha Steyerm.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 152; Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 1558. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Mathias 6011 (F!)
Departments: Cuzco, Loreto, Ucayali.


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 Psychotria iodotricha subsp. multiflora Steyerm.


Psychotria iodotricha subsp. multiflora Steyerm. = Psychotria iodotricha M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 645. 


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 Psychotria iquitosensis Standl.


Psychotria iquitosensis Standl. = Psychotria brachybotrya M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Reference: FP 1365: 194; Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 1500. 


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 Psychotria japurensis M&uuml;ll. Arg.



Psychotria japurensis M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 195. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Plowman 6527 (F!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Psychotria juninensis Standl.



Psychotria juninensis Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 195. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 26525* (F!), Mexia 6230 
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Pasco.


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 Psychotria klugii Standl.



Psychotria klugii Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 195. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 835* (F!), Klug 519 (F!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Psychotria lassula Standl.


Psychotria lassula Standl. = Psychotria semimetralis Krause

Reference: FP 1365: 209; Standley, P. C., 1930: 100. 


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 Psychotria laxa Ruiz & Pav.


Psychotria laxa Ruiz & Pav. = Palicourea laxa (Ruiz & Pav.) Roemer & Schultes

Reference: FP 1365: 230. 


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 Psychotria lepida Standl.


Psychotria lepida Standl. = Psychotria stipulosa M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Reference: Standley, P. C., 1936: 240. 


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 Psychotria limitanea Standl.



Psychotria limitanea Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 196. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   The type was published as "3006" but appears to be labeled "3005". 
Voucher: Williams 3006* (F!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Psychotria longicuspis M&uuml;ll. Arg.



Psychotria longicuspis M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 509. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Plowman et al. 6493 (F!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Psychotria longistipulata M&uuml;ll. Arg.


Psychotria longistipulata M&uuml;ll. Arg. = Palicourea longistipulata (M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Standl.

Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 748. 


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 Psychotria loretensis Standl.



Psychotria loretensis Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 196; Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 508. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 27482* (F!), Klug 631 (F!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios.


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 Psychotria lucida Kunth


Psychotria lucida Kunth = Psychotria anceps Kunth

Reference: FP 1365: 184; Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 1219. 


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 Psychotria lupulina Benth.



Psychotria lupulina Benth.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 196; Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 631. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1000 m. 
Note:   
Voucher: Foster & Wachter 7355 (F!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios.


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 Psychotria luteo-virens Pers.


Psychotria luteo-virens Pers. = Palicourea laxa (Ruiz & Pav.) Roemer & Schultes

Reference: FP 1365: 230. 


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 Psychotria luxurians Rusby



Psychotria luxurians Rusby

Synonyms: Psychotria luxurians (Rusby) Steyerm.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 197; Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 534. 
Ecology: Native shrub. . 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n. (MA)


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 Psychotria macbridei Standl.


Psychotria macbridei Standl. = Pagamea guianensis Aubl.

Reference: FP 1365: 144. 


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 Psychotria macrobotrys Ruiz & Pav.


Psychotria macrobotrys Ruiz & Pav. = Palicourea macrobotrys (Ruiz & Pav.) Roem. & Schult.

Reference: FP 1365: 232; Standley, P. C., 1931: 321. 


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 Psychotria macrophylla Ruiz & Pav.



Psychotria macrophylla Ruiz & Pav.

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 Psychotria macrophylla Ruiz & Pav. subsp.macrophylla



Psychotria macrophylla Ruiz & Pav. subsp. macrophylla 

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 197; Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 561. 
Ecology: Native subshrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (F!), Schunke 3762 (F!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Psychotria macrophylla subsp.anomothyrsa (Schumann & J. D. Smith) Steyerm.



Psychotria macrophylla subsp. anomothyrsa (Schumann & J. D. Smith) Steyerm.

Synonyms: Psychotria macrophylla anomothyrsa Schumann & J. D. Smith
Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 563. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Note:   
Voucher: Schunke 223 (F!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios.


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 Psychotria macropoda Ruiz & Pav.


Psychotria macropoda Ruiz & Pav. = Geophila macropoda (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.

Reference: FP 1365: 146; Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 390. 


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 Psychotria marcgraviella Standl.



Psychotria marcgraviella Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 198. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 494* (F!), Gentry 37153 (F!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios.


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 Psychotria marginata Sw.



Psychotria marginata Sw.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 198; Hamilton, C. W., 1989: 393. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 2826 (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


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 Psychotria mathewsii Standl.



Psychotria mathewsii Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 199. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Mathews 1491* (K frag. F!), Spruce 4201 (K)
Departments: Ayacucho, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Psychotria micrantha Kunth



Psychotria micrantha Kunth

Synonyms: Psychotria micrantha Humb. & Bonpl. ex Roem. & Schult.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 207; Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 482. 
Ecology. 500-1500 m. 
Note: Steyermark (1972) cites the type, Bonpland s.n., as "Peru (?)", but Standley (ex herb F) says more probably Colombia. 
Voucher: Schunke 5813 (F!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Psychotria microbotrys Ruiz ex Standl.



Psychotria microbotrys Ruiz ex Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 200; Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 1299. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Williams 2983* (F!), Schunke 5500 (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


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 Psychotria microdon (DC.) Urb.



Psychotria microdon (DC.) Urb.

Synonyms: Psychotria microdon DC.
Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 1188. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Coastal: disturbed areas, riversides. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 3035 (F!)
Departments: Tumbes.


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 Psychotria mitis Ruiz & Pav.


Psychotria mitis Ruiz & Pav. = Palicourea mitis (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.

Reference: FP 1365: 234. 


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 Psychotria moyobambana Standl.



Psychotria moyobambana Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 200. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean I-II: forests. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Klug 3394* (F!), Schunke 5370 (F!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Psychotria nautensis Standl.



Psychotria nautensis Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 201. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 3863* (K photo & frag. F!), V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 10277 (F!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Psychotria nervosa Sw.



Psychotria nervosa Sw.

Synonyms: Psychotria nervosa Kunth
Reference: Hamilton, C. W., 1989: 410. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Psychotria nigricans Standl.


Psychotria nigricans Standl. = Palicourea lachnantha Standl.

Reference: FP 1365: 201. 


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 Psychotria nudiceps Standl.



Psychotria nudiceps Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 202. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Williams 6600* (F!), Schunke 4499 (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


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 Psychotria obovata Ruiz & Pav.


Psychotria obovata Ruiz & Pav. = Palicourea obovata (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.

Reference: FP 1365: 234. 


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 Psychotria officinalis (Aubl.) Raeusch. ex Sandwith



Psychotria officinalis (Aubl.) Raeusch. ex Sandwith

Synonyms: Psychotria officinalis Aubl., Psychotria officinalis Sw.
Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 1516. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Psychotria oinochrophylla (Standl.) C.M. Taylor



Psychotria oinochrophylla (Standl.) C.M. Taylor

Synonyms: Psychotria oinochrophylla Standl.


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 Psychotria oleandrella (Standl.) C.M. Taylor



Psychotria oleandrella (Standl.) C.M. Taylor

Synonyms: Psychotria oleandrella Standl.


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 Psychotria opima Standl.



Psychotria opima Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 202. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Tessman 3710* (B photo & frag. F!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Psychotria paniculata (Aubl.) Raeuschel



Psychotria paniculata (Aubl.) Raeuschel

Synonyms: Psychotria paniculata Aubl., Psychotria paniculata Willd.
Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 500. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Psychotria paraensis M&uuml;ll. Arg.


Psychotria paraensis M&uuml;ll. Arg. = Palicourea crocea (Sw.) Roem. & Schult.

Reference: FP 1365: 235. 


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 Psychotria patens Sw.



Psychotria patens Sw.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 203; Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 503. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   According to Steyermark (1972) this is a West Indian species; this name is misapplied in the Flora of Peru to P. deflexa subsp. campyloneura.  


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 Psychotria pebasensis (Standl.) C.M. Taylor



Psychotria pebasensis (Standl.) C.M. Taylor

Synonyms: Psychotria pebasensis Standl.


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 Psychotria peruviana Steyerm.



Psychotria peruviana Steyerm.

Synonyms: Psychotria peruviana Standl.
Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 667. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 116* (F!), Williams 765 (F!)
Departments: Loreto, Ucayali.


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 Psychotria pichisensis Standl.



Psychotria pichisensis Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 203. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 25993* (F!), Plowman & Schunke 11446 (F!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Psychotria pilosa Ruiz & Pav.



Psychotria pilosa Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 203; Standley, P. C., 1931: 312. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean I-II: forests. 500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (B photo F!), Plowman & Kennedy 5711 (F!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


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 Psychotria plagiantha (Standl.) C.M. Taylor



Psychotria plagiantha (Standl.) C.M. Taylor

Synonyms: Psychotria plagiantha Standl.


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 Psychotria platypoda DC.



Psychotria platypoda DC.

Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 600. 
Ecology: Native shrub, subshrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Kayap 1244 (F!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto.


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 Psychotria pluriceps Standl.



Psychotria pluriceps Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 204. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Williams 4573* (F!), Williams 1064 (F!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Psychotria podocephala (Muell. Arg.) Standl.



Psychotria podocephala (Muell. Arg.) Standl.

Synonyms: Psychotria podocephala M&uuml;ll. Arg.
Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 1266. 
Ecology: Native tree, treelet. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Mathias & Taylor 5015 (F!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Psychotria poeppigiana M&uuml;ll. Arg.



Psychotria poeppigiana M&uuml;ll. Arg.

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 Psychotria poeppigiana subsp.barcellana (M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Steyerm.



Psychotria poeppigiana subsp. barcellana (M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Steyerm.

Synonyms: Psychotria poeppigiana barcellana (M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Standl., Psychotria poeppigiana barcellana M&uuml;ll. Arg.
Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 680. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 26970 
Departments: Loreto, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Psychotria poeppigiana subsp.poeppigiana



Psychotria poeppigiana subsp. poeppigiana 

Synonyms: Psychotria poeppigiana poeppigiana (Aubl.) Schumann, Psychotria poeppigiana poeppigiana (Aubl.) Vahl, Psychotria poeppigiana poeppigiana Aubl.
Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 678. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub, subshrub. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests, grasslands, riversides. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Plowman 2470 (F!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


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 Psychotria polycephala Benth.



Psychotria polycephala Benth.

Synonyms: Psychotria polycephala Standl.
Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 1463. 
Ecology: Native herb, subshrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Williams 952 (F!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Psychotria polyphlebia Donn. Sm.



Psychotria polyphlebia Donn. Sm.

Reference: Dwyer, J. D., 1980: 416. 
Ecology: Native herb, subshrub. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Plowman & Schunke 11602 (F!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Psychotria pongoana Standl.



Psychotria pongoana Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 199. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Klug 2337* (F!), Schunke 5855 (F!)
Departments: Cuzco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


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 Psychotria punicea Ruiz & Pav.


Psychotria punicea Ruiz & Pav. = Palicourea punicea (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.

Reference: FP 1365: 236; Standley, P. C., 1931: 324. 


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 Psychotria racemifera Standl.


Psychotria racemifera Standl. = Psychotria polycephala Benth.

Reference: FP 1365: 204; Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 1463. 


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 Psychotria racemosa (Aubl.) Raeusch.



Psychotria racemosa (Aubl.) Raeusch.

Synonyms: Psychotria racemosa Aubl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 205; Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 1373. 
Ecology: Native shrub, subshrub. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Plowman et al. 7210 (F!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


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 Psychotria remota Benth.



Psychotria remota Benth.

Synonyms: Psychotria remota K. Krause
Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 1243. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Smith 278 (F!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco.


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 Psychotria repanda Ruiz & Pav.



Psychotria repanda Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 205. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   This is a doubtful species, known to Standley only from the description.  
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


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 Psychotria reticulata Ruiz & Pav.



Psychotria reticulata Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Psychotria reticulata Rusby
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 206; Standley, P. C., 1931: 313. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: cloud forests, disturbed areas. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (B photo F!), Simpson & L&oacute;pez 848 (F!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco.


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 Psychotria retifera Standl.



Psychotria retifera Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 206. 
Ecology: Endemic . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Kanehira 247* (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


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 Psychotria rhodophylla Standl.



Psychotria rhodophylla Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 206. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: seasonally inundated areas, terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Klug 289* (F!), Schunke 3957 (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Psychotria rhodothamna Standl.



Psychotria rhodothamna Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 207; Standley, P. C., 1931: 313. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests, riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 27115* (F!), Williams 1286 (F!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Psychotria rosea (Benth.) M&uuml;ll. Arg.



Psychotria rosea (Benth.) M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Synonyms: Psychotria rosea Benth.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 154; Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 1612. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 2433 (F!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Psychotria rufescens Humb. & Bonpl. ex Roem. & Schult.


Psychotria rufescens Humb. & Bonpl. ex Roem. & Schult. = Psychotria micrantha Kunth

Reference: Hamilton, C. W., 1989: 90. 
Note: nom. illeg.  


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 Psychotria rufescens Kunth


Psychotria rufescens Kunth = Psychotria nervosa Sw.

Reference: FP 1365: 207; Hamilton, C. W., 1989: 410. 
Note: NN  


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 Psychotria rugulosa Kunth



Psychotria rugulosa Kunth

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 207; Standley, P. C., 1931: 228. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Psychotria ruizii Standl.



Psychotria ruizii Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 208; Standley, P. C., 1931: 313. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 6639 (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Ucayali.


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 Psychotria santaremica M&uuml;ll. Arg.



Psychotria santaremica M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 208. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests, riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 5359 (F!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


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 Psychotria schraderoides (Krause) C.M. Taylor



Psychotria schraderoides (Krause) C.M. Taylor

Synonyms: Psychotria schraderoides (Krause) Standl., Psychotria schraderoides Krause


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 Psychotria schunkeana (Standl.) C.M. Taylor



Psychotria schunkeana (Standl.) C.M. Taylor

Synonyms: Psychotria schunkeana Standl.


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 Psychotria schunkei C.M. Taylor



Psychotria schunkei C.M. Taylor

Synonyms: Psychotria schunkei Standl.


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 Psychotria semimetralis Krause



Psychotria semimetralis Krause

Synonyms: Psychotria semimetralis Standl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 208. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 4751* (B photo & frag. F!), Spruce s.n. (F!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Psychotria sprucei M&uuml;ll. Arg.


Psychotria sprucei M&uuml;ll. Arg. = Palicourea grandifolia var. sprucei (M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Steyerm.

Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 1703. 


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 Psychotria stenoclada M&uuml;ll. Arg.


Psychotria stenoclada M&uuml;ll. Arg. = Palicourea riparia Benth.

Reference: FP 1365: 238; Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 1724. 


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 Psychotria stenostachya Standl.



Psychotria stenostachya Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 209. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: disturbed areas, terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 29294* (F!), Pipoly et al. 13055 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


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 Psychotria stipulosa M&uuml;ll. Arg.



Psychotria stipulosa M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Synonyms: Psychotria stipulosa Standl., Psychotria stipulosa Standl.
Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 1525. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 389 (F!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Psychotria striolata Krause



Psychotria striolata Krause

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 210; Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 484. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Note: Type collected on the Brazil-Peru border; Steyermark (1972) attributes it to the Brazilian side.  
Voucher: Ule 9844* (B photo F!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Psychotria subpedicellata Steyerm.



Psychotria subpedicellata Steyerm.

Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 507. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Klug 2019* (F!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Psychotria subtomentosa Ruiz & Pav.



Psychotria subtomentosa Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Psychotria subtomentosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Spreng.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 210. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. . 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Schunke 298 (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


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 Psychotria subundulata Benth.



Psychotria subundulata Benth.

Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 1289. 
Ecology: Native shrub, treelet. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Simpson & Schunke 663 (F!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Psychotria sulphurea Ruiz & Pav.


Psychotria sulphurea Ruiz & Pav. = Palicourea sulphurea (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.

Reference: FP 1365: 239. 


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 Psychotria tarapotensis Standl.



Psychotria tarapotensis Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 210. 
Ecology. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Williams 5888* (F!), Williams 6497 (F!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Psychotria tenuicaulis Krause



Psychotria tenuicaulis Krause

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 211. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 3663* (B photo & frag. F!), Plowman & Schunke 11603 (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Psychotria tessmannii Standl.



Psychotria tessmannii Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 211. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, riversides. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Tessmann 3014* (S frag. F!), Killip & Smith 27521 (F!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Psychotria thyrsiflora Ruiz & Pav.


Psychotria thyrsiflora Ruiz & Pav. = Palicourea thyrsiflora (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.

Reference: FP 1365: 226. 


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 Psychotria tinctoria Ruiz & Pav.



Psychotria tinctoria Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Psychotria tinctoria (Ruiz & Pav.) Roemer & Schultes
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 212. 
Ecology: Native shrub, treelet. Andean I-II: forests. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (B photo F!), Plowman & Schunke 11746 (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Psychotria trichocephala Poepp. & Endl.



Psychotria trichocephala Poepp. & Endl.

Synonyms: Psychotria trichocephala (Poepp. & Endl.) Kuntze, Psychotria trichocephala (Poepp. & Endl.) Standl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 156; Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 648. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: riversides. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 2039* (B photo F!), Wurdack 2361 (F!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Psychotria trifida Ruiz & Pav.



Psychotria trifida Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 212. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Region uncertain: cloud forests. . 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (F!), Simpson & L&oacute;pez 853 (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


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 Psychotria turbinella M&uuml;ll. Arg.



Psychotria turbinella M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Synonyms: Psychotria turbinella (M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Steyerm.
Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 1598. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 5479 (F!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


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 Psychotria turbinella var. sororiella (M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Steyerm.


Psychotria turbinella var. sororiella (M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Steyerm. = Psychotria turbinella M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 1601. 


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 Psychotria umbriana (Standl.) Steyerm.



Psychotria umbriana (Standl.) Steyerm.

Synonyms: Psychotria umbriana Krause, Psychotria umbriana Standl.
Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 637. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1000 m. 
Note: May be synonymous with P. lucentifolia (S. F. Blake) Steyermark. 
Voucher: Ule 9856* (B photo F!), Schunke 5038 (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Psychotria vasquezii C.M. Taylor



Psychotria vasquezii C.M. Taylor

Synonyms: Psychotria vasquezii Standl.


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 Psychotria victoriae Standl.



Psychotria victoriae Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 212. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Williams 3080* (F!), Williams 8228 (F!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Pasco.


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 Psychotria villosa Ruiz & Pav.



Psychotria villosa Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 213; Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 483. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean I: forests. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA frag. F!), Williams 7520 (US)
Departments: Ayacucho, Hu&aacute;nuco, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Psychotria virens Poepp. & Endl.


Psychotria virens Poepp. & Endl. = Palicourea virens (Poepp. & Endl.) Standl.

Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 758. 


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 Psychotria virgata Ruiz & Pav.



Psychotria virgata Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 213. 
Ecology: Native shrub. . 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (F!), Mathews 1493 (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Psychotria viridis Ruiz & Pav.



Psychotria viridis Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Psychotria viridis (Ruiz & Pav.) Roemer & Schultes
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 213; Standley, P. C., 1931: 316. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests, riversides, seasonally inundated areas, swamps. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Foster 2454 (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Psychotria weberbaueri Standl.



Psychotria weberbaueri Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 214. 
Ecology. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 1872* (F!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


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 Psychotria williamsii Standl.



Psychotria williamsii Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 214. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests, riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Williams 760* (F!), Simpson & Schunke 746 (F!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Psychotria woytkowskii Dwyer & M.V. Hayden



Psychotria woytkowskii Dwyer & M.V. Hayden

Reference: Dwyer, J. D. & M. V. Hayden, 1967: 143. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Woytkowski 8190* (MO)
Departments: Amazonas.


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 Psychotria yapasensis Standl.



Psychotria yapasensis Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 215. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, tree. Andean I-II: forests. 500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 25461* (F!), Schunke 3168 (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Psychotria zepelaciana Standl.



Psychotria zepelaciana Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 215. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean I: forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Klug 3733* (F!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Psychotria zevallosii C.M. Taylor



Psychotria zevallosii C.M. Taylor

Synonyms: Psychotria zevallosii Standl.


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 Psygmorchis glossomystax (Rchb. f.) Dodson & Dressler



Psygmorchis glossomystax (Rchb. f.) Dodson & Dressler

Synonyms: Psygmorchis glossomystax Rchb. f.
Reference: Dodson, C. H. & R. L. Dressler, 1972: 288; Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 161. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, riversides. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez et al. 10019 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Hu&aacute;nuco, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Psygmorchis pumilio (Rchb. f.) Dodson & Dressler



Psygmorchis pumilio (Rchb. f.) Dodson & Dressler

Synonyms: Psygmorchis pumilio Rchb. f.
Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 500-1500 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


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 Psygmorchis pusilla (L.) Dodson & Dressler



Psygmorchis pusilla (L.) Dodson & Dressler

Synonyms: Psygmorchis pusilla (L.) Rchb. f., Psygmorchis pusilla (L.) Sw., Psygmorchis pusilla Kunth, Psygmorchis pusilla L.
Reference: Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 162. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Amazonian, Andean I: seasonally inundated areas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez & Phillips 10445 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Ptelea viscosa L.


Ptelea viscosa L. = Dodonaea viscosa Jacq.

Reference: FP 1298: 390. 


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 Pterichis acuminata Schltr.



Pterichis acuminata Schltr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 107; Garay, L. A., 1978: 182; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 2500-3500 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


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 Pterichis barbifrons (Kraenzl.) Schltr.


Pterichis barbifrons (Kraenzl.) Schltr. = Pterichis galeata Lindl.

Reference: FP 1438: 108; Garay, L. A., 1978: 186; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


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 Pterichis galeata Lindl.



Pterichis galeata Lindl.

Synonyms: Pterichis galeata (Kraenzl.) Schltr., Pterichis galeata Kraenzl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 107; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 2500-3500 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


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 Pterichis leucoptera Schltr.



Pterichis leucoptera Schltr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 108; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 2206* 
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


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 Pterichis macroptera Schltr.



Pterichis macroptera Schltr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 108; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Filomeno s.n.* 
Departments: Loreto.


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 Pterichis parvifolia (Lindl.) Schltr.



Pterichis parvifolia (Lindl.) Schltr.

Synonyms: Pterichis parvifolia Lindl.
Reference: Garay, L. A., 1978: 186; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer s.n.* (B)
Departments: Piura.


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 Pterichis seleniglossa Schltr.


Pterichis seleniglossa Schltr. = Pterichis triloba (Lindl.) Schltr.

Reference: FP 1438: 109; Garay, L. A., 1978: 187; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


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 Pterichis silvestris Schltr.



Pterichis silvestris Schltr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 109; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 4294 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


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 Pterichis triloba (Lindl.) Schltr.



Pterichis triloba (Lindl.) Schltr.

Synonyms: Pterichis triloba Lindl., Pterichis triloba Schltr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 109; Garay, L. A., 1978: 187; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: grasslands. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Hartweg s.n.* , Smith et al. 10480 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash.


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 Pterichis weberbaueriana Kraenzl.



Pterichis weberbaueriana Kraenzl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 110; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 4012* 


$


 Pteridanetium citrifolium (L.) Copel.


Pteridanetium citrifolium (L.) Copel. = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 225. 


$


 Pteridium aquilinum var.arachnoideum (Kaulf.) Brade



Pteridium aquilinum var. arachnoideum (Kaulf.) Brade

Reference: Flora Peru: 7300: 182. 
Ecology: Native herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Tryon & Tryon 5224 (MO!, USM)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lambayeque, Lima, Madre de Dios, Pasco, Piura, Puno.


$


 Pteridium arachnoideum (Kaulf.) Maxon


Pteridium arachnoideum (Kaulf.) Maxon = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 182. 


$


 Pteris altissima Poir.



Pteris altissima Poir.

Reference: Flora Peru: 7300: 202. 
Ecology: Native herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Mexia 6125 (F!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Pteris amazonica H. Christ


Pteris amazonica H. Christ = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 185. 


$


 Pteris ampla Kunze


Pteris ampla Kunze = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 199. 


$


 Pteris andreana Sodiro


Pteris andreana Sodiro = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 205. 


$


 Pteris angustifolia Sw.


Pteris angustifolia Sw. = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 219. 


$


 Pteris arachnoidea Kaulf.


Pteris arachnoidea Kaulf. = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 182. 


$


 Pteris aurea Poir.


Pteris aurea Poir. = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 113. 


$



$


 Pteris biaurita L.



Pteris biaurita L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 7300: 201. 
Ecology: Native herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Tryon & Tryon 5246 (US)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Pasco, Ucayali.


$


 Pteris concolor Langsd. & Fischer


Pteris concolor Langsd. & Fischer = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 133. 


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 Pteris coriacea Desv.



Pteris coriacea Desv.

Reference: Flora Peru: 7300: 192. 
Ecology: Native herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 1500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 1062 (US)


$


 Pteris cretica L.



Pteris cretica L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 7300: 192. 
Ecology: Cultivated herb. . 
Voucher: Steere s.n. (GH)
Departments: Amazonas, Lima.


$


 Pteris deflexa Link



Pteris deflexa Link

Reference: Flora Peru: 7300: 195. 
Ecology: Native herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 1 (F!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Pteris edentula Kunze


Pteris edentula Kunze = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 196. 


$


 Pteris elata J. Agardh


Pteris elata J. Agardh = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 201. 


$


 Pteris farinosa Forssk.


Pteris farinosa Forssk. = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 100. 


$


 Pteris grandifolia L.



Pteris grandifolia L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 7300: 197. 
Ecology: Native herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Tryon & Tryon 5287 ((F!), USM)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lambayeque, Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Pteris grandifolia var. campanae Rosenst.


Pteris grandifolia var. campanae Rosenst. = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 197. 


$


 Pteris haenkeana C. Presl



Pteris haenkeana C. Presl

Reference: Flora Peru: 7300: 199. 
Ecology: Native herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 500-1500 m. 
Note: This species may be conspecific with P. mexicana.  
Voucher: Bryan 724 (F!)


$


 Pteris hirsuta (L.) J. Sm.


Pteris hirsuta (L.) J. Sm. = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 186. 


$


 Pteris horizontalis (F&eacute;e) Rosenst.



Pteris horizontalis (F&eacute;e) Rosenst.

Reference: Flora Peru: 7300: 209. 
Ecology. . 
Voucher: Herrera 1621 (US)


$


 Pteris incisa Thunb.


Pteris incisa Thunb. = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 188. 


$


 Pteris jamesonii Hook.


Pteris jamesonii Hook. = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 192. 


$


 Pteris killipii Maxon


Pteris killipii Maxon = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 207. 


$


 Pteris kunzeana J. Agardh


Pteris kunzeana J. Agardh = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 202. 


$


 Pteris laciniata Willd.


Pteris laciniata Willd. = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 186. 


$


 Pteris lineata L.


Pteris lineata L. = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 213. 


$


 Pteris livida Mett.



Pteris livida Mett.

Reference: Flora Peru: 7300; 204. 
Ecology: Native herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Mexia 8219 (F!)


$


 Pteris lonchitoides Desv.


Pteris lonchitoides Desv. = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 186. 


$


 Pteris lucida Cav.


Pteris lucida Cav. = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 148. 


$


 Pteris muricata Hook.



Pteris muricata Hook.

Reference: Flora Peru: 7300: 194. 
Ecology: Native herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Tryon & Tryon 5398 (F!)


$


 Pteris nivea Poir.


Pteris nivea Poir. = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 120. 


$


 Pteris notholaenoides Desv.


Pteris notholaenoides Desv. = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 97. 


$


 Pteris nuda Copel.


Pteris nuda Copel. = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 205. 


$


 Pteris ovata Desv.


Pteris ovata Desv. = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 125. 


$


 Pteris palmata Willd.


Pteris palmata Willd. = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 131. 


$


 Pteris peruviana Poir.


Pteris peruviana Poir. = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 122. 


$


 Pteris petiolulata R.M. Tryon



Pteris petiolulata R.M. Tryon

Reference: Flora Peru: 7300: 209. 
Ecology: Native herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 5714* (F!), Killip & Smith 24696 (F!)


$


 Pteris podophylla Sw.



Pteris podophylla Sw.

Reference: Flora Peru: 7300: 204. 
Ecology: Native herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 3495 (F!)


$


 Pteris polita Link


Pteris polita Link = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 195. 


$


 Pteris propinqua J. Agardh



Pteris propinqua J. Agardh

Reference: Flora Peru: 7300: 202. 
Ecology: Native herb. terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Allard 21920 (US)


$


 Pteris pungens Willd.



Pteris pungens Willd.

Reference: Flora Peru: 7300: 197. 
Ecology. . 
Voucher: Williams 3865 (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Pteris quadriaurita Retz.



Pteris quadriaurita Retz.

Reference: Flora Peru: 7300: 196. 
Ecology: Native herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Tryon & Tryon 5367 ((F!), USM)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lambayeque, Pasco.


$


 Pteris reticulatovenosa Hieron.



Pteris reticulatovenosa Hieron.

Reference: Flora Peru: 7300: 205. 
Ecology: Native herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (B), Macbride 4718 (F!)


$


 Pteris sagittata Cav.


Pteris sagittata Cav. = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 123. 


$


 Pteris scalaris Mett.


Pteris scalaris Mett. = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 185. 


$


 Pteris speciosa Mett. ex Kuhn



Pteris speciosa Mett. ex Kuhn

Reference: Flora Peru: 7300: 207. 
Ecology: Native herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Lechler 2326 (NY)


$


 Pteris sulphurea Cav.


Pteris sulphurea Cav. = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 116. 


$


 Pteris ternifolia Cav.


Pteris ternifolia Cav. = ?  

Reference: FP 730: 122. 


$


 Pteris trialata Sodiro


Pteris trialata Sodiro = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 204. 


$


 Pteris vestita Baker


Pteris vestita Baker = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 207. 


$


 Pteris vittata L.



Pteris vittata L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 7300: 191. 
Ecology: Cultivated herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Tryon & Tryon 5217 ((F!), USM)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Pterocarpus amazonum (C. Martius ex Benth.) Amshoff



Pterocarpus amazonum (C. Martius ex Benth.) Amshoff

Synonyms: Pterocarpus amazonum Benth., Pterocarpus amazonum C. Martius ex Benth., Pterocarpus amazonum Harms
Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 271; Rojo, J. P., 1972: 23. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Stein & Kallunki 3930 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Pterocarpus ancylocalyx var. angustifolius Benth.


Pterocarpus ancylocalyx var. angustifolius Benth. = Pterocarpus amazonum (C. Martius ex Benth.) Amshoff

Reference: FP 21: 272; Rojo, J. P., 1972: 23. 
Note: Treated as a synonym of P. ulei in the Flora of Peru.  


$


 Pterocarpus frutescens Vell.


Pterocarpus frutescens Vell. = Dalbergia frutescens (Vell.) Britton

Reference: FP 21: 287; Lewis, G. P., 1987: 225. 


$


 Pterocarpus guianensis (Benth.) Kuntze


Pterocarpus guianensis (Benth.) Kuntze = Deguelia scandens Aubl.

Reference: Sousa, pers. comm.. 


$


 Pterocarpus lunatus L. f.


Pterocarpus lunatus L. f. = Machaerium lunatum (L. f.) Ducke

Reference: FP 21: 283; Bastos, M. de N. do C., 1987: 250. 


$


 Pterocarpus negrensis (Benth.) Kuntze


Pterocarpus negrensis (Benth.) Kuntze = Deguelia scandens Aubl.

Reference: Sousa, pers. comm.. 


$


 Pterocarpus rohrii Vahl



Pterocarpus rohrii Vahl

Synonyms: Pterocarpus rohrii (Vahl) Kunth, Pterocarpus rohrii Benth.
Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 271; Rojo, J. P., 1972: 73. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry & Smith 45062 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Pterocarpus rufescens Benth.


Pterocarpus rufescens Benth. = Pterocarpus rohrii Vahl

Reference: FP 21: 272; Rojo, J. P., 1972: 73. 


$


 Pterocarpus santalinoides L'Heritier ex DC.



Pterocarpus santalinoides L'Heritier ex DC.

Reference: Rojo, J. P., 1972: 83. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 8468 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Pterocarpus ulei Harms


Pterocarpus ulei Harms = Pterocarpus amazonum (C. Martius ex Benth.) Amshoff

Reference: FP 21: 272; Rojo, J. P., 1972: 23. 


$


 Pterocaulon alopecuroides (Lam.) DC.



Pterocaulon alopecuroides (Lam.) DC.

Synonyms: Pterocaulon alopecuroides Lam.
Reference: Flora Peru: 27926: 62. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I: grasslands. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 4488 (F!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, San Mart&iacute;n.


$



$


 Pterocladon sprucei Hook. f. ex Cogn.


Pterocladon sprucei Hook. f. ex Cogn. = Miconia bailloniana J.F. Macbr.

Reference: FP 761: 388. 


$


 Pterogastra divaricata (Bonpl.) Naudin



Pterogastra divaricata (Bonpl.) Naudin

Synonyms: Pterogastra divaricata Bonpl., Pterogastra divaricata Triana
Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 277; Renner, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native herb. .. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 3314 (US!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Pterogastra major Triana


Pterogastra major Triana = Pterogastra divaricata (Bonpl.) Naudin

Reference: FP 761: 277; Renner, pers. comm.. 


$


 Pterogastra major var.angustifolia Cogn.



Pterogastra major var. angustifolia Cogn.

$


 Pterolepis glomerata (Rottb.) Miq.



Pterolepis glomerata (Rottb.) Miq.

Synonyms: Pterolepis glomerata Rottb.
Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 278. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Pterolepis pumila (Bonpl.) Cogn.


Pterolepis pumila (Bonpl.) Cogn. = Pterolepis trichotoma var. pumila (Bonpland) Renner, ined.

Reference: FP 761: 278. 


$


 Pterolepis trichotoma var.pumila (Bonpland) Renner, ined.



Pterolepis trichotoma var. pumila (Bonpland) Renner, ined.

Synonyms: Pterolepis trichotoma pumila (Bonpl.) Cogn., Pterolepis trichotoma pumila Bonpl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 278; Wurdack, J. J., 1980: 81; Renner, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I: riversides. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Scott 883 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Pteropepon deltoideus Cogn.



Pteropepon deltoideus Cogn.

Synonyms: Pteropepon deltoideus (Harms), Pteropepon deltoideus Cogn.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1379: 33; Jeffrey, C., 1978: 368. 
Ecology: Native vine. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez 7798 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Pteropepon deltoideus var. peruvianus (Harms)


Pteropepon deltoideus var. peruvianus (Harms) = Pteropepon deltoideus Cogn.

Reference: FP 1379: 333; Jeffrey, C., 1978: 368. 


$


 Pteropodium glabrum A. DC.


Pteropodium glabrum A. DC. = Jacaranda glabra (A. DC.) Bureau & K. Schum.

Reference: FP 1362: 75; Gentry, A. H., 1992: 77. 


$


 Pteropsis vittarioides Desv.


Pteropsis vittarioides Desv. = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 218. 


$


 Pterostemma calceolaris Garay



Pterostemma calceolaris Garay

Reference: Flora Peru: 1510: 80; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 10106* 
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Pterozonium reniforme (Mart.) F&eacute;e



Pterozonium reniforme (Mart.) F&eacute;e

Reference: Flora Peru: 7300: 65. 
Ecology: Native herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 4641 (NY)


$


 Pterygota amazonica L.O. Williams ex Dorr



Pterygota amazonica L.O. Williams ex Dorr

Reference: Dorr, L. J., 1992: 84. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Jenssen 44* (F!), Jenssen 36 (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Ptilophyllum bicorne (Hook.) Prantl


Ptilophyllum bicorne (Hook.) Prantl = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 91. 


$


 Ptilophyllum hostmannianum (Klotzsch) Prantl


Ptilophyllum hostmannianum (Klotzsch) Prantl = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 93. 


$


 Ptilophyllum lambertianum (Hook.) Prantl


Ptilophyllum lambertianum (Hook.) Prantl = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 95. 


$


 Ptilophyllum martiusii (C. Presl) Prantl


Ptilophyllum martiusii (C. Presl) Prantl = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 95. 


$


 Ptilophyllum pellucens (Kunze) Prantl


Ptilophyllum pellucens (Kunze) Prantl = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 96. 


$


 Ptilurus daucifolius D. Don.


Ptilurus daucifolius D. Don. = Leucheria daucifolia (D. Don.) Crisci

Reference: Crisci, J. V., 1976: 52. 


$


 Ptychocarpus killipii Monach.


Ptychocarpus killipii Monach. = Neoptychocarpus killipii (Monach.) Buchheim

Reference: Sleumer, H., 1980: 256. 


$


 Ptychomeria cymosa Bentham


Ptychomeria cymosa Bentham = Gymnosiphon cymosum (Benth.) Benth. & Hook. f.

Reference: Maas, P. J. M., H. Maas-van de Kamer, J. van Benthem, H. C. M. Snelders, & T. B&uuml;bsamen, 1986: 99. 


$


 Ptychomeria divaricata Benth.


Ptychomeria divaricata Benth. = Gymnosiphon divaricatus (Benth.) Benth. & Hook. f.

Reference: Maas, P. J. M., H. Maas-van de Kamer, J. van Benthem, H. C. M. Snelders, & T. B&uuml;bsamen, 1986: 113. 


$


 Pucara leucantha Ravenna



Pucara leucantha Ravenna

Reference: Ravenna, P., 1972: 86. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean I-II: rocky slopes. 500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui 5850 (HUT)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca.


$


 Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth.



Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth.

Synonyms: Pueraria phaseoloides Roxb.


$


 Pulchranthus adenostachyus (Lindau) V.M. Baum, Reveal & Nowicke



Pulchranthus adenostachyus (Lindau) V.M. Baum, Reveal & Nowicke

Synonyms: Pulchranthus adenostachyus Lindau
Reference: Baum, V. M., J. L. Reveal, & J. W. Nowicke, 1983: 215. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests, riversides, swamps. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ule 6287* (G), Killip & Smith 1488 (US!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, Ucayali.


$



$


 Purdiaea nutans Planch.



Purdiaea nutans Planch.

Synonyms: Purdiaea nutans (Gilg) Mattick, Purdiaea nutans Gilg
Reference: Thomas, J. L., 1960: 48; St&aring;hl, B., 1992: 30. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean I-II: forests. 500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 37782 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Purdiaea weberbaueri (Gilg) Mattick


Purdiaea weberbaueri (Gilg) Mattick = Purdiaea nutans Planch.

Reference: FP 682: 287; Thomas, J. L., 1960: 48; St&aring;hl, B., 1992: 30. 


$


 Puya adscendens L.B. Sm.



Puya adscendens L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 106. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: grasslands. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui 6073* (TRP, US)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Puya angulonis L.B. Sm.



Puya angulonis L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 153. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean III: rocky slopes. 3500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Angulo 1708* (TRP, US), Hutchison & Wright 7035 (US!, USM!)
Departments: Cajamarca, La Libertad.


$


 Puya angusta L.B. Sm.



Puya angusta L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 177. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II-III: shrublands, rocky slopes. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui 3880* (TRP, US!), Ferreyra 16512 (US, USM)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca.


$


 Puya araneosa L.B. Sm.



Puya araneosa L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 110. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II-III: grasslands. 3000-4000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Cerrate 2049* (US!, USM!)
Departments: Huancavelica, Lima.


$


 Puya argentea L.B. Sm.



Puya argentea L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 135. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Rauh & Hirsch P-2075* (US)
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Puya casmichensis L.B. Sm.



Puya casmichensis L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 94. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: grasslands. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: L&oacute;pez et al. 3957* (TRP, US)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Puya cerrateana L.B. Sm.



Puya cerrateana L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 166. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II-III: rocky slopes. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Cerrate 369* (US!, USM!), Gentry et al. 37429 (MO!, USM!)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca.


$


 Puya commixta L.B. Sm.



Puya commixta L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 144. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 1500-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Metcalf 30591* (US)
Departments: Puno.


$


 Puya coriacea L.B. Sm.



Puya coriacea L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 150. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Hutchison et al. 6170* (US)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Puya cylindrica Mez



Puya cylindrica Mez

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 504; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 151. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: dry valleys. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 6873* (MOL!), Solomon 3065 (USM!)
Departments: Arequipa, Cuzco.


$


 Puya densiflora Harms



Puya densiflora Harms

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 500; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 117. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Herrera 1954* (B photo F), Vargas 5090 (US)
Departments: Arequipa, Apur&iacute;mac, Cuzco.


$


 Puya depauperata L.B. Sm.



Puya depauperata L.B. Sm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 507; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 141. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: shrublands. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 1339* (F)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Puya dolichostrobila Harms



Puya dolichostrobila Harms

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 507; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 174. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 1000-1500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 6981* (B, MOL!)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Puya echinotricha Andr&eacute;


Puya echinotricha Andr&eacute; = Puya ferruginea (Ruiz & Pav.) L.B. Sm.

Reference: FP 1179: 526; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 98. 


$


 Puya fastuosa Mez



Puya fastuosa Mez

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 504; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 146. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II-III: grasslands, swamps. 3000-4000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 4069* (B photo F!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Puya ferox Mez



Puya ferox Mez

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 502; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 139. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 1344* (B photo F!)
Departments: Puno.


$


 Puya ferreyrae L.B. Sm.



Puya ferreyrae L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 132. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 14096* (US!, USM!), Hutchison & Wright 6124 (US!)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Puya ferruginea (Ruiz & Pav.) L.B. Sm.



Puya ferruginea (Ruiz & Pav.) L.B. Sm.

Synonyms: Puya ferruginea (Andre) Baker, Puya ferruginea (Ruiz & Pav.) Spreng., Puya ferruginea Andr&eacute;, Puya ferruginea Baker, Puya ferruginea Harms, Puya ferruginea Harms, Puya ferruginea Harms, Puya ferruginea Harms, Puya ferruginea Harms, Puya ferruginea Hook., Puya ferruginea Mez, Puya ferruginea Poepp. & Endl., Puya ferruginea Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 98. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-III, Coastal: lomas, rocky slopes. 500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 1888 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Arequipa, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, La Libertad, Moquegua, Pasco, Puno.


$


 Puya flava Willd. ex Baker


Puya flava Willd. ex Baker = Deuterocohnia longipetala (Baker) Mez

Reference: FP 1179: 512; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 233. 


$


 Puya fulgens L.B. Sm.



Puya fulgens L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 118. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Wurdack 1458* (US!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Puya gerd-muelleri W. Weber



Puya gerd-muelleri W. Weber

Reference: Mueller, G. K., P. Gutte, C. Muller & D. L. Schulz, 1984: 42. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. Andean III: forests. 3500-4000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Gutte & Mueller 8890* (LZ)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Puya gerdae W. Weber



Puya gerdae W. Weber

Reference: Mueller, G. K., P. Gutte, C. Muller & D. L. Schulz, 1984: 41. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Gutte 508* (LZ), END  
Departments: Lima.


$


 Puya glandulosa L.B. Sm.



Puya glandulosa L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 92. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Hutchison et al. 6123* (US!, USM!)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Puya glaucovirens Mez



Puya glaucovirens Mez

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 501; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 108. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 4208* (B photo F), Rauh 24270 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca.


$


 Puya gracilis L.B. Sm.



Puya gracilis L.B. Sm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 509; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 131. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 1500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 6474* (MOL!, US!), Tovar 1857 (US!, USM!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Huancavelica.


$


 Puya grandidens Mez



Puya grandidens Mez

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 500; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 139. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: grasslands. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 2738* (MOL!), Cerrate 4026 (US!, USM!)
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Puya grandiflora Hook.


Puya grandiflora Hook. = Puya ferruginea (Ruiz & Pav.) L.B. Sm.

Reference: FP 1179: 526; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 98. 


$


 Puya gutteana W. Weber



Puya gutteana W. Weber

Reference: Mueller, G. K., P. Gutte, C. Muller & D. L. Schulz, 1984: 42. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: forests. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Gutte & Gutte 3308* (LZ)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Puya hamata L.B. Sm.



Puya hamata L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 181. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean III: grasslands. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 7036 (US!, USM!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Puya herrerae Harms



Puya herrerae Harms

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 505; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 179. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II-III: grasslands. 3000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Herrera 1965* (B photo F), S&aacute;nchez et al. 1183 (MO!)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Cuzco, Puno.


$


 Puya heterophylla Lindl.


Puya heterophylla Lindl. = Pitcairnia heterophylla fo. heterophylla 

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 406. 


$


 Puya huancavelicae L.B. Sm.



Puya huancavelicae L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 162. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2000-3500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Tovar 2124* (US, USM)
Departments: Huancavelica.


$


 Puya hutchisonii L.B. Sm.



Puya hutchisonii L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 137. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: disturbed areas. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 4380* (US!, USM!)
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Puya iltisiana L.B. Sm.



Puya iltisiana L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 142. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Iltis & Ugent 613* (US)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac.


$


 Puya isabellina Mez



Puya isabellina Mez

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 508; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 166. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 4144* (B photo F!), Ferreyra & S&aacute;nchez 19714 (MO!, USM!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Puya laccata Mez



Puya laccata Mez

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 503; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 151. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: swamps. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 3376* (B photo F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Puya lanata (Kunth) Schult. f.



Puya lanata (Kunth) Schult. f.

Synonyms: Puya lanata (Kunth) Dietr., Puya lanata Kunth
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 508; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 162. 
Ecology: Native herb. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Humboldt & Bonpland 3713* (P), Ferreyra 15000 (US, USM)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Puya lanuginosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Schult.f.



Puya lanuginosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Schult.f.

Synonyms: Puya lanuginosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Beer, Puya lanuginosa Pers., Puya lanuginosa Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 163. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Region uncertain: rocky slopes. . 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (BM), Ruiz & Pavon s.n. in lit.
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Puya lasiopoda L.B. Sm.



Puya lasiopoda L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 144. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 17515 (MO!)
Departments: Puno.


$


 Puya leptostachya L.B. Sm.



Puya leptostachya L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 144. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean III: grasslands. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Pennell 13877 (PH)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Puya llatensis L.B. Sm.



Puya llatensis L.B. Sm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 502; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 141. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 2300* (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Puya longisepala Mez



Puya longisepala Mez

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 500; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 79. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 550* (MOL!)
Departments: Puno.


$


 Puya longistyla Mez



Puya longistyla Mez

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 504; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 138. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 4916* (B photo F), Iltis & Iltis 962 (US!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Puya lopezii L.B. Sm.



Puya lopezii L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 137. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: L&oacute;pez & Sag&aacute;stegui 3549* (TRP, US)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Puya lutheri W. Till



Puya lutheri W. Till

Reference: Till, W., 1992: 443. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean III: grasslands. 3500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Smith et al. 9196 (ISC)
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Puya macbridei L.B. Sm.



Puya macbridei L.B. Sm.

$


 Puya macbridei subsp.macbridei



Puya macbridei subsp. macbridei 

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 507; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 135. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 2516* (F), Rauh & Hirsch P-2075 (US!)
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Puya macbridei subsp.yungayensis W. Weber



Puya macbridei subsp. yungayensis W. Weber

Reference: Mueller, G. K., P. Gutte, C. Muller & D. L. Schulz, 1984: 44. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: forests. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Gutte & Chanco 9687* (LZ)
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Puya macropoda L.B. Sm.



Puya macropoda L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 131. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 5855* (US!, USM!), Gentry et al. 23230 (USM!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Puya macrura Mez



Puya macrura Mez

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 508; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 176. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 3022* (MOL!), Ferreyra 14619 (US!)
Departments: Ancash, La Libertad.


$


 Puya mariae L.B. Sm.



Puya mariae L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 166. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Wurdack 602* (US!, USM!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Puya medica L.B. Sm.



Puya medica L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 117. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II-III: rocky slopes. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Cerrate 1333* (US!, USM!), Becker & Terrones s.n. (US!)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, La Libertad.


$


 Puya membranacea L.B. Sm.



Puya membranacea L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 157. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: grasslands. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: West 7032* (UC), Gentry et al. 23429 (US!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Puya mima L.B. Sm. & Read



Puya mima L.B. Sm. & Read

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. W. Read, 1979: 329. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Hutchison 18109* (US)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Puya mitis Mez



Puya mitis Mez

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 506; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 127. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes, swamps. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 2094* (MOL!), Pennell 15867 (PH)
Departments: Amazonas, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Puya nigrescens L.B. Sm.



Puya nigrescens L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 129. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Cerrate 4103* (US, USM)
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Puya oxyantha Mez



Puya oxyantha Mez

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 501; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 145. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 1058* (B photo F), Ferreyra 16654 (US!, USM!)
Departments: Puno.


$


 Puya pearcei (Baker) Mez



Puya pearcei (Baker) Mez

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 510; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 101. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   Listed in the Flora of Peru as an excluded species.  


$


 Puya pectinata L.B. Sm.


Puya pectinata L.B. Sm. = Puya roezlii E. Morren

Reference: FP 1179: 499; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 79. 


$


 Puya pitcairnioides L.B. Sm.



Puya pitcairnioides L.B. Sm.

Synonyms: Puya pitcairnioides Mez
Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 132. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: riversides. 1500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 4268* (B), Barbour 4224 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Puya ponderosa L.B. Sm.



Puya ponderosa L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 160. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean III: rocky slopes. 3500-4000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ilits & Ugent 445* (US)
Departments: Ayacucho.


$


 Puya pratensis L.B. Sm.



Puya pratensis L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 155. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: grasslands, rocky slopes. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 8580* (USM!), L&oacute;pez & Sag&aacute;stegui 2862 (US!, USM!)
Departments: Cajamarca, La Libertad.


$


 Puya pyramidata (Ruiz & Pav.) Schult.f.



Puya pyramidata (Ruiz & Pav.) Schult.f.

Synonyms: Puya pyramidata (Ruiz & Pav.) Beer, Puya pyramidata (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers., Puya pyramidata Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 505; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 125. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: bogs, disturbed areas. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA lost), Macbride 4891 (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, La Libertad.


$


 Puya raimondii Harms



Puya raimondii Harms

Synonyms: Puya raimondii Raimondi
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 509; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 189. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean III: rocky slopes, shrublands. 3500-4500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 2955* (B photo F), Macbride & Featherstone 2496 (F!)
Departments: Ancash, Huancavelica, Puno.


$


 Puya ramonii L.B. Sm.



Puya ramonii L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B., 1990: 57. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean III: grasslands. 3500-4000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ferreyra 20910* (US!, USM!)
Departments: Lambayeque.


$


 Puya ramosa L.B. Sm.



Puya ramosa L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 99. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Wurdack 1600* (US!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Puya rauhii L.B. Sm.



Puya rauhii L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 123. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean III: rocky slopes. 3500-4000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Rauh & Hirsch P-2022* (US!)
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Puya reflexiflora Mez



Puya reflexiflora Mez

Synonyms: Puya reflexiflora Harms
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 507; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 138. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II-III: grasslands. 3000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 3148* (MOL!), Ferreyra 16500A (USM!)
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Puya roezlii E. Morren



Puya roezlii E. Morren

Synonyms: Puya roezlii Baker, Puya roezlii L.B. Sm.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 499; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 79. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Roezl s.n.* (LG), Asplund 11161 (US!)
Departments: Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Lima.


$


 Puya ruiziana Mez


Puya ruiziana Mez = Pitcairnia lanuginosa Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1179: 506, 518; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 312. 


$


 Puya sagasteguii L.B. Sm.



Puya sagasteguii L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 137. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: L&oacute;pez & Sag&aacute;stegui 3549* (TRP, US), L&oacute;pez & Sag&aacute;stegui 3548 (MO!)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Puya simulans L.B. Sm.



Puya simulans L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 104. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: L&oacute;pez & Sag&aacute;stegui 2815* (US, TRP)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Puya stenostele Harms


Puya stenostele Harms = Puya reflexiflora Mez

Reference: FP 1179: 507; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 138. 


$


 Puya stipitata L.B. Sm.



Puya stipitata L.B. Sm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 503; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 142. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: grasslands, rocky slopes, shrublands. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 3436* (F), Macbride 3854 (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Puya strobilantha Mez



Puya strobilantha Mez

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 509; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 174. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 2050* (B)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Puya textoragricolae W. Weber



Puya textoragricolae W. Weber

Synonyms: Puya textoragricolae Mez
Reference: Weber, W., 1986: 101. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 570* (MOL!)
Departments: Puno.


$


 Puya tovariana L.B. Sm.



Puya tovariana L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 112. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: forests. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Cerrate & Tovar 1831* (US, USM!)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Puya tuberosa Mez



Puya tuberosa Mez

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 501; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 118. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   The type specimen, Haenke s.n., originaaly cited from Peru is  now known to be from Bolivia. 


$


 Puya vargasiana L.B. Sm.



Puya vargasiana L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 120. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Vargas 7558* (GH)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Puya weberbaueri Mez



Puya weberbaueri Mez

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 502; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 146. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II-III: rocky slopes. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 847* (B photo F), Iltis & Iltis 992 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Puno.


$


 Puya werneriana Read & L.B. Sm.



Puya werneriana Read & L.B. Sm.

Reference: Rauh, W., 1986: 15. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean III: grasslands. 3500-4000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Rauh 25891* (HEID)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Puya westii L.B. Sm.



Puya westii L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 108. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: West 8353* (UC photo US), Sag&aacute;stegui 6369 (US!)
Departments: Cajamarca, La Libertad.


$


 Puya wrightii L.B. Sm.



Puya wrightii L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 135. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Amazonian: rocky slopes. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 3560* (US!, USM!), Hutchison & Wright 3786 (US!, USM!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca.


$


 Puya wurdackii L.B. Sm.



Puya wurdackii L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1974: 125. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: grasslands. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Wurdack 1066* (US, USM)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Pycnophyllum aculeatum Muschl.


Pycnophyllum aculeatum Muschl. = Pycnophyllum molle Remy

Reference: FP 1267: 611. 


$


 Pycnophyllum aristatum Mattf.



Pycnophyllum aristatum Mattf.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1267: 607. 
Ecology.  > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 7250 (B)
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Pycnophyllum aschersonianum Muschl.



Pycnophyllum aschersonianum Muschl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1267: 608. 
Ecology: Endemic herb, subshrub. Andean III: grasslands, rocky slopes. 4000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 3293* (B), Smith & Escalona 10216 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Pycnophyllum bryoides (Philippi) Rohrbach



Pycnophyllum bryoides (Philippi) Rohrbach

Synonyms: Pycnophyllum bryoides Philippi
Reference: Flora Peru: 1267: 608. 
Ecology. 4000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 1420 (B)
Departments: Arequipa, Puno.


$


 Pycnophyllum carinatum Muschl.



Pycnophyllum carinatum Muschl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1267: 598. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Note: Without collector and locality data.  This taxon may be better placed in Arenaria. 


$


 Pycnophyllum dicranoides (Kunth) Muschl.


Pycnophyllum dicranoides (Kunth) Muschl. = Arenaria dicranoides Kunth

Reference: FP 1267: 599. 


$


 Pycnophyllum filiforme Mattf.



Pycnophyllum filiforme Mattf.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1267: 609. 
Ecology.  > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 6885 (B)
Departments: Arequipa.


$


 Pycnophyllum glomeratum Mattf.



Pycnophyllum glomeratum Mattf.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1267: 609. 
Ecology: Native herb, subshrub. Andean III: grasslands, rocky slopes. 4000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 501a* (B), Dillon & Turner 1301 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Lima, Puno.


$


 Pycnophyllum holleanum Mattf.



Pycnophyllum holleanum Mattf.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1267: 609. 
Ecology: Endemic herb, subshrub. Andean III: grasslands, rocky slopes.  > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 6522 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Pycnophyllum horizontale Muschl.



Pycnophyllum horizontale Muschl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1267: 600. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   This taxon may be better placed in Arenaria. 
Voucher: Weberbauer s.n.* (B)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Pycnophyllum lechlerianum Rohrbach



Pycnophyllum lechlerianum Rohrbach

Reference: Flora Peru: 1267: 610. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Lechler 1742* 
Departments: Puno.


$


 Pycnophyllum leptothamnum Mattf.



Pycnophyllum leptothamnum Mattf.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1267: 610. 
Ecology.  > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 7772* (B)
Departments: Cuzco.


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 Pycnophyllum macropetalum Mattf.



Pycnophyllum macropetalum Mattf.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1267: 610. 
Ecology. 4000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Stuebel 110* (B)
Departments: Puno.


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 Pycnophyllum macrophyllum Muschl.



Pycnophyllum macrophyllum Muschl.

Synonyms: Pycnophyllum macrophyllum (Muschl.) Mattf.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1267: 611. 
Ecology. 4000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 2975* (B)
Departments: Ancash.


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 Pycnophyllum markgrafianum Mattf.



Pycnophyllum markgrafianum Mattf.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1267: 611. 
Ecology. 4000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 2783* (B)
Departments: Ancash, Lima.


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 Pycnophyllum mattfeldii J.F. Macbr.



Pycnophyllum mattfeldii J.F. Macbr.

Synonyms: Pycnophyllum mattfeldii Mattf.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1267: 611. 
Ecology: Endemic Andean III: grasslands, rocky slopes, shrublands. 3500- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 2804a* (B)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, Jun&iacute;n.


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 Pycnophyllum molle Remy



Pycnophyllum molle Remy

Synonyms: Pycnophyllum molle Muschl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1267: 611. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean III: grasslands, rocky slopes, shrublands. 4000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Smith et al. 9453 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Jun&iacute;n, Moquegua, Puno.


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 Pycnophyllum peruvianum Muschl.



Pycnophyllum peruvianum Muschl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1267: 603. 
Ecology. 4000-4500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   This taxon may be better placed in Arenaria. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 2597* (B)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


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 Pycnophyllum tetrastichum Remy



Pycnophyllum tetrastichum Remy

Reference: Flora Peru: 1267: 612. 
Ecology. 4000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Meyen s.n. 
Departments: Puno.


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 Pycnophyllum weberbaueri Muschl.



Pycnophyllum weberbaueri Muschl.

Synonyms: Pycnophyllum weberbaueri Mattf.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1267: 612. 
Ecology. 4000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 1373* (B)
Departments: Arequipa.


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 Pycreus bipartitus (Torr.) C.B. Clarke



Pycreus bipartitus (Torr.) C.B. Clarke

Synonyms: Pycreus bipartitus Kunth, Pycreus bipartitus Torr.
Reference: Adams, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I: disturbed areas. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 1454 (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


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 Pycreus cimicinus (J. Presl & C. Presl) H. Pfeiff.


Pycreus cimicinus (J. Presl & C. Presl) H. Pfeiff. = Pycreus niger (Ruiz & Pav.) Cufod.

Reference: FP 735: 273. 


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 Pycreus macrostachyos (Lam.) Raynal



Pycreus macrostachyos (Lam.) Raynal

Synonyms: Pycreus macrostachyos (Martius & Schrader ex Nees) Steud.
Reference: Hooper, S. & J. Raynal, 1969: 314. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: McDaniel & Rimachi 23344 (NY!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Pycreus niger (Ruiz & Pav.) Cufod.



Pycreus niger (Ruiz & Pav.) Cufod.

Synonyms: Pycreus niger (J. Presl & C. Presl) H. Pfeiff., Pycreus niger J. Presl & C. Presl, Pycreus niger Kunth, Pycreus niger Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Adams, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II: bogs, disturbed areas, riversides. 500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Croat 57866 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Lambayeque, Pasco.


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 Pycreus polystachyos (Rottb.) P. Beauv.



Pycreus polystachyos (Rottb.) P. Beauv.

Synonyms: Pycreus polystachyos Boeckl., Pycreus polystachyos Rottb.
Reference: Mueller, C., G. K. Mueller & P. Gutte, 1981: 340. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Llatas 367 (MO!)
Departments: Lambayeque, Lima.


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 Pycreus unioloides (R. Br.) Urb.



Pycreus unioloides (R. Br.) Urb.

Synonyms: Pycreus unioloides R. Br.
Reference: Adams, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Smith & Canne 5781 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Pasco.


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 Pygmaeocereus akersii H. Johnson


Pygmaeocereus akersii H. Johnson = Pygmaeocereus bylesianus Andreae & Backeberg

Reference: Ritter, F., 1981: 1427. 


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 Pygmaeocereus bylesianus Andreae & Backeberg



Pygmaeocereus bylesianus Andreae & Backeberg

Synonyms: Pygmaeocereus bylesianus (Andreae & Backeberg) Buxb., Pygmaeocereus bylesianus (Backeb.) Buxb., Pygmaeocereus bylesianus Backeb., Pygmaeocereus bylesianus H. Johnson, Pygmaeocereus bylesianus H. Johnson
Reference: Backeberg, C., 1957: 86; Rauh, W., 1958: 449; Ritter, F., 1981: 1427. 
Ecology: Endemic Solitary or clustered, globular cactus. Coastal: rocky slopes. 0-1000 m. 
Note: Accepted provisionally by Hunt (1992).  
Voucher: Andreae s.n. 


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 Pygmaeocereus densiaculeatus Backeb.


Pygmaeocereus densiaculeatus Backeb. = Haageocereus lanugispinus F. Ritter

Reference: Hunt, D., 1992: 122. 


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 Pygmaeocereus familiaris F. Ritter



Pygmaeocereus familiaris F. Ritter

Reference: Ritter, F., 1981: 1428; Hunt, D., 1992: 122. 
Ecology: Endemic Clustered, globular cactus. Coastal: desert, lomas. 0-500 m. 
Note: Accepted provisionally by Hunt (1992).  
Voucher: Ritter 322* (U)
Departments: Arequipa.


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 Pygmaeocereus rowleyanus Backeb.


Pygmaeocereus rowleyanus Backeb. = Pygmaeocereus bylesianus Andreae & Backeberg

Reference: Ritter, F., 1981: 1427; Hunt, D., 1992: 122. 
Note: Nom. inval. according to Eggli & Taylor (1992: 187).  


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 Pygmaeocereus vespertinus H. Johnson


Pygmaeocereus vespertinus H. Johnson = Pygmaeocereus bylesianus Andreae & Backeberg

Reference: Ritter, F., 1981: 1427. 


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 Pyracantha coccinea M. Roem.



Pyracantha coccinea M. Roem.

Synonyms: Pyracantha coccinea (L.) Spach
Reference: Bailey, L. H., 1949: 507; Phipps, J. B., K. R. Robertson, & P. G. Smith, 1990: 2230. 
Ecology: Introduced shrub. Andean II: disturbed areas, shrublands. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Smith 7375 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


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 Pyrenoglyphis brongnartii (Mart.) Burret


Pyrenoglyphis brongnartii (Mart.) Burret = Bactris maraja Mart.

Reference: FP 39695: 407; Glassman, S. F., 1972: 190. 


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 Pyrenoglyphis concinna (Mart.) Burret


Pyrenoglyphis concinna (Mart.) Burret = Bactris concinna Mart.

Reference: FP 39695: 409. 


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 Pyrethrum cinerariifolium Trev.


Pyrethrum cinerariifolium Trev. = Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Trev.) Sch. Bip.

Reference: FP 1417: 19. 


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 Pyrolirion albicans Herbert


Pyrolirion albicans Herbert = Zephyranthes albicans (Herbert) Baker

Reference: FP 1190: 669; Meerow, A. W., 1990: 5. 


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 Pyrolirion aureum (Ruiz & Pav.) Herbert



Pyrolirion aureum (Ruiz & Pav.) Herbert

Synonyms: Pyrolirion aureum (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) Baker, Pyrolirion aureum Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1190: 668; Meerow, pers. comm.3. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


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 Pyrolirion flammeum Herbert



Pyrolirion flammeum Herbert

Reference: Meerow, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   Possibly synonymours with Zephyranthes tubiflora var. tubiflora. 


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 Pyrolirion flavum Herbert


Pyrolirion flavum Herbert = Zephyranthes flava (Herbert) Baker

Reference: FP 1190: 667. 


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 Pyrostegia dichotoma Miers ex Schumann



Pyrostegia dichotoma Miers ex Schumann

Reference: Flora Peru: 1362: 57; Gentry, A. H., 1982: 324. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 3930* (NY), Ferreyra 18274 (MO!, USM!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


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 Pyrostegia venusta (Ker-Gawler) Miers



Pyrostegia venusta (Ker-Gawler) Miers

Synonyms: Pyrostegia venusta Ker-Gawler
Reference: Flora Peru: 1362: 57; Gentry, A. H., 1982: 327. 
Ecology: Cultivated liana. Amazonian, Andean I, Coastal: forests on white sand, lomas. 0-1500 m. 
Note: The specimens cited in Flora of Peru are P. dichotoma Miers ex K. Schumann. 
Voucher: Seibert 2333 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Lima.


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 Pyrrheima rhizantha Ule


Pyrrheima rhizantha Ule = Geogenanthus rhizanthus (Ule) G. Br&uuml;ckn.

Reference: FP 1181: 607. 


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 Pyrus communis L.



Pyrus communis L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 635: 1063; Bailey, L. & E. Bailey, 1976: 932. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Medina 32 (MO!)
Departments: Lima.


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 Pyrus pumila (Miller) K. Koch non Neumann ex Tausch


Pyrus pumila (Miller) K. Koch non Neumann ex Tausch = Malus domestica Borkhausen

Reference: Phipps, J. B., K. R. Robertson, & P. G. Smith, 1990: 2234. 


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 Pyxidaria crustacea (L.) Kuntze


Pyxidaria crustacea (L.) Kuntze = Lindernia crustacea (L.) F. Muell.

Reference: FP 1361: 686. 


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 Pyxidaria diffusa (L.) Kuntze


Pyxidaria diffusa (L.) Kuntze = Lindernia diffusa (L.) Wettst.

Reference: FP 1361: 687. 


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 Qualea acuminata Spruce ex Warming



Qualea acuminata Spruce ex Warming

Reference: Stafleu, F. A., 1953: 177. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Hartshorn 2431 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios.


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 Qualea albiflora Warm.



Qualea albiflora Warm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 668: 876; Marcano-Berti, L., 1969: 9. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Qualea amoena Ducke



Qualea amoena Ducke

Reference: Stafleu, F. A., 1953: 180. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Mu&ntilde;oz 12-EMG 
Departments: Ucayali.


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 Qualea calantha Pilg.



Qualea calantha Pilg.

Reference: Flora Peru: 668: 876; Stafleu, F. A., 1953: 178. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Tessmann 4855* (B photo F!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Qualea calcarata Link


Qualea calcarata Link = Erisma calcaratum (Link) Warm.

Reference: FP 668: 873; Stafleu, F. A., 1954: 474. 


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 Qualea glaberrima Ducke


Qualea glaberrima Ducke = Ruizterania albiflora (Warm.) Marcano-Berti

Reference: FP 668: 876; Stafleu, F. A., 1953: 160. 
Note: NN  


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 Qualea gracilior Pilg.



Qualea gracilior Pilg.

Synonyms: Qualea gracilior Ducke
Reference: Flora Peru: 668: 877; Stafleu, F. A., 1953: 186. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Tessmann 4465* (B photo F!), Huashikat 1753 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas.


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 Qualea grandiflora Mart.



Qualea grandiflora Mart.

Reference: Flora Peru: 668: 877; Stafleu, F. A., 1953: 194. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez et al. 11355 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Madre de Dios.


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 Qualea impexa J.F. Macbr.



Qualea impexa J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 668: 878; Stafleu, F. A., 1953: 176. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Klug 748* (F)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Qualea lancifolia Ducke


Qualea lancifolia Ducke = Qualea gracilior Pilg.

Reference: FP 668: 877; Stafleu, F. A., 1953: 186. 


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 Qualea paraensis Ducke



Qualea paraensis Ducke

Reference: Flora Peru: 668: 878; Stafleu, F. A., 1953: 187; Spichiger, R., J. Meroz, P. Loizeau, & L. Stutz de Ortega, 1990: 159. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas, terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 3566 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Qualea tessmannii Mildbr.



Qualea tessmannii Mildbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 668: 879; Stafleu, F. A., 1953: 199. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Tessmann 3451* (B photo F!), Begazo 116 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Ucayali.


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 Qualea trichanthera Warm.


Qualea trichanthera Warm. = Ruizterania trichanthera (Warm.) Marcano-Berti

Reference: Marcano-Berti, L., 1969: 15. 


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 Quamoclit coccinea (L.) Moench


Quamoclit coccinea (L.) Moench = Ipomoea coccinea L.

Reference: FP 1344: 490. 
Note: NN  


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 Quamoclit coccinea var. hederifolia (L.) House


Quamoclit coccinea var. hederifolia (L.) House = Ipomoea hederifolia L.

Reference: Austin, D. F., 1982: 51; Austin, D. F., 1985: 32. 


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 Quamoclit hederifolia (L.) G. Don


Quamoclit hederifolia (L.) G. Don = Ipomoea hederifolia L.

Reference: Austin, D. F., 1982: 51; Austin, D. F., 1985: 32. 


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 Quamoclit nationis Hooker


Quamoclit nationis Hooker = Ipomoea nationis (Hooker) G. Nicholson

Reference: FP 1344: 496; Austin, D. F., 1985: 33. 


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 Quamoclit pinnata (Desr. in Lam.) Bojer


Quamoclit pinnata (Desr. in Lam.) Bojer = Ipomoea quamoclit L.

Reference: FP 1344: 504. 


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 Quamoclit ruiziana G. Don


Quamoclit ruiziana G. Don = Ipomoea dubia Roem. & Schult.

Reference: FP 1344: 486; Austin, D. F., 1985: 31. 


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 Quamoclit vulgaris Choisy


Quamoclit vulgaris Choisy = Ipomoea quamoclit L.

Reference: FP 1344: 504. 


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 Quapoya peruviana (Poepp.) Kuntze var.peruviana



Quapoya peruviana (Poepp.) Kuntze var. peruviana 

Synonyms: Quapoya peruviana peruviana Poepp.
Reference: Maguire, J., 1961: 30. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, seasonally inundated areas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig s.n.* (G), V&aacute;squez 1082 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, Pasco.


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 Quararibea amazonica Ulbr.



Quararibea amazonica Ulbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1303: 614. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


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 Quararibea bilobata Robyns



Quararibea bilobata Robyns

Reference: Robyns, A., 1968: 54. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Wurdack 2450* (UC)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Quararibea bracteolosa (Ducke) Cuatrec.


Quararibea bracteolosa (Ducke) Cuatrec. = Matisia bracteolosa Ducke

Reference: FP 1303: 615. 


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 Quararibea cordata (Bonpl. in Humb. & Bonpl.) Vischer


Quararibea cordata (Bonpl. in Humb. & Bonpl.) Vischer = Matisia cordata Bonpl. in Humb. & Bonpl.

Reference: FP 1303: 615. 


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 Quararibea duckei Huber



Quararibea duckei Huber

Reference: Flora Peru: 1303: 616. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Quararibea guianensis Aubl.



Quararibea guianensis Aubl.

Synonyms: Quararibea guianensis J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Alverson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests, riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 18952 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Quararibea huallagensis (Cuatrecasas) J.F. Macbr.


Quararibea huallagensis (Cuatrecasas) J.F. Macbr. = Matisia huallagensis Cuatrec.

Reference: FP 1303: 616. 


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 Quararibea inaequilatera Cuatrec.



Quararibea inaequilatera Cuatrec.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1303: 617. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Quararibea intricata Robyns & Nilsson


Quararibea intricata Robyns & Nilsson = Matisia intricata (Robyns & Nilsson) Alverson

Reference: Alverson, W. S., 1989: 386. 


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 Quararibea lasiocalyx (Schum.) Vischer


Quararibea lasiocalyx (Schum.) Vischer = Matisia lasiocalyx Schum.

Reference: FP 1303: 617. 


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 Quararibea lomensis Cuatrec.


Quararibea lomensis Cuatrec. = Matisia bracteolosa Ducke

Reference: FP 1303: 618; Alverson, pers. comm.. 


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 Quararibea longitubulosa Robyns


Quararibea longitubulosa Robyns = Matisia longitubulosa (Robyns) Cuatrec.

Reference: Alverson, W. S., 1989: 384. 


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 Quararibea machin J.F. Macbr.


Quararibea machin J.F. Macbr. = Quararibea guianensis Aubl.

Reference: FP 1303: 618; Alverson, pers. comm.. 


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 Quararibea malacocalyx Robyns & Nilsson


Quararibea malacocalyx Robyns & Nilsson = Matisia malacocalyx (Robyns & Nilsson) Alverson

Reference: Alverson, W. S., 1989: 386. 


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 Quararibea muricata Cuatrec.


Quararibea muricata Cuatrec. = Matisia ochrocalyx Schum.

Reference: Alverson, pers. comm.. 


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 Quararibea oblongifolia (Poepp. & Endl.) Vischer


Quararibea oblongifolia (Poepp. & Endl.) Vischer = Matisia oblongifolia Poepp. & Endl.

Reference: FP 1303: 618. 


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 Quararibea ochrocalyx (Schum.) Vischer


Quararibea ochrocalyx (Schum.) Vischer = Matisia ochrocalyx Schum.

Reference: FP 1303: 619; Alverson, W. S., 1989: 386. 


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 Quararibea putumayensis Cuatrec.



Quararibea putumayensis Cuatrec.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1303: 619. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


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 Quararibea rhombifolia (Cuatrecasas) J.F. Macbr.


Quararibea rhombifolia (Cuatrecasas) J.F. Macbr. = Matisia bicolor Ducke

Reference: FP 1303: 620; Alverson, pers. comm.. 


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 Quararibea rhombifolia Standl.


Quararibea rhombifolia Standl. = Matisia bicolor Ducke

Reference: FP 1303: 620; Alverson, pers. comm.. 


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 Quararibea stenopetala (Standl. & Cuatrec.) J.F. Macbr.


Quararibea stenopetala (Standl. & Cuatrec.) J.F. Macbr. = Matisia stenopetala Standl. & Cuatrec.

Reference: FP 1303: 620. 


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 Quararibea velutina Cuatrec.



Quararibea velutina Cuatrec.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1303: 621. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Schunke 235* (F)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Quararibea wittii Schum. & Ulbr.



Quararibea wittii Schum. & Ulbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1303: 622. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Phillips & N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 102 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Quararibea wurdackii Robyns


Quararibea wurdackii Robyns = Matisia lasiocalyx Schum.

Reference: Robyns, A., 1968: 58; Alverson, pers. comm.. 


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 Quassia amara L.



Quassia amara L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 657: 692. 
Note: Not known from Peru. May be expected as an introduction.  @According to the Flora of Peru, probably in cultivation. No specimens seen, but most collections are not identified or are on loan.@  


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 Quiina acutangula Ducke


Quiina acutangula Ducke = Quiina pteridophylla (Radlkofer) Pires

Reference: FP 1310: 724; Pires, J. M., 1950: 48. 


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 Quiina amazonica A.C. Sm.



Quiina amazonica A.C. Sm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1310: 722. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: forests on white sand, terra firme forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry 19701 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Quiina blackii Pires



Quiina blackii Pires

Reference: Pires, J. M., 1950: 44. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Croat 20134 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Quiina crenata Tul.


Quiina crenata Tul. = Lacunaria crenata (Tulasne) A.C. Sm.

Reference: Smith, A. C., 1939: 31. 


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 Quiina cruegeriana Griseb.



Quiina cruegeriana Griseb.

Reference: Smith, A. C., 1939: 30. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 10454 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Pasco.


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 Quiina florida Tul.



Quiina florida Tul.

Reference: Smith, A. C., 1939: 30. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests on white sand, terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 10696 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Quiina grandifolia Mildbr.



Quiina grandifolia Mildbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1310: 722. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Tessmann 4060* (B photo F!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Quiina integrifolia Pulle



Quiina integrifolia Pulle

Reference: Pires, J. M., 1950: 46. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Note: May be a small leaved form of Quiina macrophylla.  
Voucher: V&aacute;squez 7491 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Quiina klugii J.F. Macbr.



Quiina klugii J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1310: 723. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 228* (F), V&aacute;squez 13232 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Quiina macrophylla Tul.



Quiina macrophylla Tul.

Reference: Pires, J. M., 1950: 46. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas, terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz 1420 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Quiina macrostachya Tul.


Quiina macrostachya Tul. = Lacunaria macrostachya (Tulasne) A.C. Sm.

Reference: Smith, A. C., 1939: 31. 


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 Quiina nitens J.F. Macbr.



Quiina nitens J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1310: 723. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 710* (F), Schunke 7070 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Quiina obovata Tul.



Quiina obovata Tul.

Reference: Tulasne, L.-R., 1849: 157. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez 12009 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto.


$


 Quiina peruviana Engl.



Quiina peruviana Engl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1310: 724. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 4366* (W photo F!), Foster 9800 (MO!)
Departments: Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Quiina poeppigiana Tul.



Quiina poeppigiana Tul.

Reference: Smith, A. C., 1939: 28. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: There appeares to be a new species closely related to this, but with wider stipules.  
Voucher: V&aacute;squez 12095 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Quiina pteridophylla (Radlkofer) Pires



Quiina pteridophylla (Radlkofer) Pires

Synonyms: Quiina pteridophylla Ducke, Quiina pteridophylla Radlk.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1310: 724; Pires, J. M., 1950: 48. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Williams 1079 
Departments: Loreto.


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 Quiina pubescens A.C. Sm.



Quiina pubescens A.C. Sm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1310: 725. 
Note: Not known from Peru.    The type is from Rio Acre, Brazil.  


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 Quiina rhytidopus Tul.



Quiina rhytidopus Tul.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1310: 725. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas, terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: May intergrade with Quiina florida.  
Voucher: Revilla 2257 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Quiina rigidifolia Pires



Quiina rigidifolia Pires

Reference: Pires, J. M., 1950: 45. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests on white sand. 0-500 m. 
Note: This determination is tenative.  Only one Peruvian flowering collection has been matched with one Brazilian fruiting specimen.  
Voucher: van der Werff 9775 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Quiina tessmannii Mildbr.



Quiina tessmannii Mildbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1310: 726. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Tessmann 5506* (B photo F!), V&aacute;squez 6603 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Quillaja brasiliensis (A. St. Hilaire & Tulasne) Mart.



Quillaja brasiliensis (A. St. Hilaire & Tulasne) Mart.

Synonyms: Quillaja brasiliensis A. St. Hilaire & Tulasne
Reference: Flora Peru: 635: 1095. 
Voucher: Herrera s.n. 
Departments: Cuzco.


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 Quinchamalium brevistaminatum Pilg.



Quinchamalium brevistaminatum Pilg.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1240: 418. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Coastal: lomas. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 5718* (B)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Quinchamalium chilense Lam.



Quinchamalium chilense Lam.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1240: 419. 
Note: nom. illeg.  This is not a valid name, since it was used first by Molina.  Based on examination of a photograph of the type, Dombey s.n.*, this taxon is either Q. brevistaminatum or Q. lomae. 


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 Quinchamalium elongatum Pilg.



Quinchamalium elongatum Pilg.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1240: 418. 
Ecology. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 2661* (B photo F!), Weberbauer 3122 (B)
Departments: Ancash.


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 Quinchamalium hoppii Pilg.



Quinchamalium hoppii Pilg.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1240: 418. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Hopp 56* (B photo F!)
Departments: Arequipa.


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 Quinchamalium linifolium Meyen ex Walp.


Quinchamalium linifolium Meyen ex Walp. = Quinchamalium procumbens Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1240: 419. 


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 Quinchamalium lomae Pilg.



Quinchamalium lomae Pilg.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1240: 418. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Coastal: lomas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 7187* (B photo F!)
Departments: Arequipa.


$


 Quinchamalium peruvianum J. St. Hilaire



Quinchamalium peruvianum J. St. Hilaire

$


 Quinchamalium procumbens Ruiz & Pav.



Quinchamalium procumbens Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Quinchamalium procumbens Meyen ex Walp., Quinchamalium procumbens Pilg.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1240: 419. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, shrublands. 2000-4000 m. 
Note: @Liesner's decision to lump Q. raimondii Pilger.@  
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA photo F!), Vargas 8681 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Arequipa, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Lima, La Libertad, Moquegua, Tacna.


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 Quinchamalium raimondii Pilg.


Quinchamalium raimondii Pilg. = Quinchamalium procumbens Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1240; 419. 


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 Quinchamalium stuebelii Hieron.



Quinchamalium stuebelii Hieron.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1240: 420. 
Ecology. 4000-4500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Stuebel 112a* (B)
Departments: Puno.


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 Quinquina calisaya (Wedd.) Kuntze


Quinquina calisaya (Wedd.) Kuntze = Cinchona calisaya Wedd.

Reference: Kuntze, O., 1891: 295. 


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 Quinquina carabayensis (Wedd.) Kuntze


Quinquina carabayensis (Wedd.) Kuntze = Cinchona carabayensis Wedd.

Reference: Kuntze, O., 1891: 294. 


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 Quinquina coccinea (Pav. ex DC.) Kuntze


Quinquina coccinea (Pav. ex DC.) Kuntze = Cinchona officinalis L.

Reference: Kuntze, O., 1891: 295. 


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 Quinquina heterophylla (DC.) Kuntze


Quinquina heterophylla (DC.) Kuntze = Cinchona hirsuta Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Kuntze, O., 1891: 295. 


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 Quinquina humboldtiana (Lambert) Kuntze


Quinquina humboldtiana (Lambert) Kuntze = Cinchona humboldtiana Lambert

Reference: Kuntze, O., 1891: 295. 


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 Quinquina lancifolia (Mutis) Kuntze


Quinquina lancifolia (Mutis) Kuntze = Cinchona officinalis L.

Reference: Kuntze, O., 1891: 295. 


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 Quinquina micrantha (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze


Quinquina micrantha (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze = Cinchona micrantha Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Kuntze, O., 1891: 295. 


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 Quinquina obovata (Pavon ex Howard) Kuntze


Quinquina obovata (Pavon ex Howard) Kuntze = Cinchona pubescens M. Vahl

Reference: Kuntze, O., 1891: 295. 


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 Quinquina officinalis (L.) Kuntze


Quinquina officinalis (L.) Kuntze = Cinchona officinalis L.

Reference: Kuntze, O., 1891: 294. 


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 Quinquina ovata (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze


Quinquina ovata (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze = Cinchona pubescens M. Vahl

Reference: Kuntze, O., 1891: 295. 


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 Quinquina pubescens (M. Vahl) Kuntze


Quinquina pubescens (M. Vahl) Kuntze = Cinchona pubescens M. Vahl

Reference: Kuntze, O., 1891: 295. 


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 Quinquina succirubra (Pav. ex Klotzsch) Kuntze


Quinquina succirubra (Pav. ex Klotzsch) Kuntze = Cinchona pubescens M. Vahl

Reference: Kuntze, O., 1891: 295. 


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 Quisqualis indica L.



Quisqualis indica L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 759: 221; Stace, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Cultivated shrub. Amazonian: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Tessmann 3616 
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Racaria sylvatica Aubl.


Racaria sylvatica Aubl. = Talisia sylvatica (Aubl.) Radlk.

Reference: Radlkofer, L., 1932: 833. 


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 Rachicallis setosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Steud.


Rachicallis setosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Steud. = Arcytophyllum setosum (Ruiz & Pav.) Schltdl.

Reference: FP 1365: 72. 


$


 Racoubea guianensis Aubl.


Racoubea guianensis Aubl. = Homalium guianense (Aublet) Oken

Reference: Sleumer, H., 1980: 59. 


$


 Raddia impressifolia Miers


Raddia impressifolia Miers = Salacia impressifolia (Miers) A.C. Sm.

Reference: FP 689: 212. 


$


 Rademachia incisa Thunb.


Rademachia incisa Thunb. = Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg

Reference: Fosberg, F. R., 1941: 95. 


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 Ragala sanguinolenta Pierre


Ragala sanguinolenta Pierre = Chrysophyllum sanguinolentum subsp. sanguinolentum 

Reference: Pennington, T. D., 1990: 583. 


$


 Ragala ulei (Krause) Aubr&eacute;v.


Ragala ulei (Krause) Aubr&eacute;v. = Ecclinusa ulei (Krause) Gilly ex Cronquist

Reference: FP 1297: 142; Pennington, T. D., 1990: 630. 
Note: NN  


$


 Ragatelus crinitus (Sw.) C. Presl


Ragatelus crinitus (Sw.) C. Presl = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 94. 


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 Raimannia punae (Kuntze) Sprague & Riley


Raimannia punae (Kuntze) Sprague & Riley = Oenothera punae Kuntze

Reference: FP 763: 539; Dietrich, W., 1977: 609. 


$


 Raimondianthus platycarpus Harms


Raimondianthus platycarpus Harms = Chaetocalyx platycarpa (Harms) Rudd

Reference: FP 21: 445; Rudd, V. E., 1958: 216. 


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 Raimundochloa trachyantha (Philippi) A.M. Molina



Raimundochloa trachyantha (Philippi) A.M. Molina

Synonyms: Raimundochloa trachyantha (Philippi) A.M. Molina, Raimundochloa trachyantha Philippi
Reference: Molina, A. M., 1986: 402. 
Ecology: Native herb. Coastal: lomas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Knapp 8317 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Arequipa, Lambayeque, Lima, La Libertad.


$


 Randia armata (Sw.) DC.



Randia armata (Sw.) DC.

$


 Randia armata var.armata



Randia armata var. armata 

Synonyms: Randia armata armata (Jacq.) H. Karst., Randia armata armata (Jacq.) Schumann, Randia armata armata Jacq., Randia armata armata Sw.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 102; Bernardi, L., 1985: 201. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, riversides, seasonally inundated areas, terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 27152 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Tumbes, Ucayali.


$


 Randia armata var.ferox (Schumann) Bernardi



Randia armata var. ferox (Schumann) Bernardi

Synonyms: Randia armata var. ferox Schumann
Reference: Bernardi, L., 1985: 204. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests, grasslands, riversides. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Knapp et al. 7404 (MO!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Randia armata var.pubescens (Kunth) R. Knuth



Randia armata var. pubescens (Kunth) R. Knuth

Synonyms: Randia armata pubescens Karsten, Randia armata pubescens Kunth, Randia armata var. pubescens (Kunth) Schumann, Randia armata var. pubescens (Kunth) Standl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 103; Bernardi, L., 1985: 204. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests, shrublands. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Huashikat 1998 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Randia armata var. pubescens (Kunth) Standl.


Randia armata var. pubescens (Kunth) Standl. = Randia armata var. pubescens (Kunth) R. Knuth

Reference: FP 1365: 103. 
Note: nom. illeg.  


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 Randia aurantiaca Standl.


Randia aurantiaca Standl. = Sphinctanthus aurantiacus (Standl.) Fagerl.

Reference: FP 1365: 103; Standley, P. C., 1931: 215. 


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 Randia boliviana Rusby



Randia boliviana Rusby

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 103; Standley, P. C., 1931: 288. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   
Voucher: Raimondi 7638 
Departments: Cajamarca, Cuzco.


$


 Randia calycina Cham.



Randia calycina Cham.

Synonyms: Randia calycina (Cham.) Schumann
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 104; Bernardi, L., 1985: 204. 
Ecology. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 1946 
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Randia dioica Karsten


Randia dioica Karsten = Randia armata var. pubescens (Kunth) R. Knuth

Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 635. 


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 Randia formosa var. longiflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Schumann


Randia formosa var. longiflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Schumann = Rosenbergiodendron longiflorum (Ruiz & Pav.) Fagerl.

Reference: FP 1365: 105; Fagerlind, F., 1948: 151. 


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 Randia hispida Ducke


Randia hispida Ducke = Randia killipii Standl.

Reference: Ducke, A., 1932: 477. 


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 Randia killipii Standl.



Randia killipii Standl.

Synonyms: Randia killipii Ducke
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 104. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 29495* (F), V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 590 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Randia obovata Ruiz & Pav.



Randia obovata Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Randia obovata (Ruiz & Pav.) Dietrich, Randia obovata Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 104. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: forests. 1500-2500 m. 
Note: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n used the epithet "obovata" in the description, but "pubescens" on the plate; the latter name seems to be an error.  The identity of the species is questionable. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (B photo F!), Macbride & Featherstone 4016 (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Randia pubescens Ruiz & Pav.


Randia pubescens Ruiz & Pav. = Randia obovata Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1365: 104. 


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 Randia rotundifolia Ruiz & Pav.



Randia rotundifolia Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 105. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (B photo F), Weberbauer 1757 (B)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


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 Randia ruiziana DC.


Randia ruiziana DC. = Rosenbergiodendron longiflorum (Ruiz & Pav.) Fagerl.

Reference: FP 1365: 105; Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 326. 


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 Randia spinosa (Jacq.) H. Karst.


Randia spinosa (Jacq.) H. Karst. = Randia armata var. armata 

Reference: FP 1365: 102; Bernardi, L., 1985: 201. 


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 Randia tessmannii Standl.



Randia tessmannii Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 106. 
Ecology: Native shrub, treelet. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Tessmann 3246* (S), Schunke 8434 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Randia williamsii Standl.



Randia williamsii Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 106. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Williams 2538* (F), Williams 2531 (F)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Ranunculus acris L.



Ranunculus acris L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1272: 653. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


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 Ranunculus aquatilis L.



Ranunculus aquatilis L.

Reference: Cook, C. D. K. , 1966: 121. 
Ecology: Native aquatic herb. Andean III: submerged. 3500-4000 m. 
Note: Lourteig (pers. comm.) contends that the name R. aquatilis should not be applied to South American material.  
Voucher: Davidson 3370 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


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 Ranunculus aquatilis var. capillaceus (Thuillier) DC.


Ranunculus aquatilis var. capillaceus (Thuillier) DC. = Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix ex Vill.

Reference: FP 1272: 656. 


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 Ranunculus aquatilis var. trichophyllus (Chaix) Gray


Ranunculus aquatilis var. trichophyllus (Chaix) Gray = Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix ex Vill.

Reference: FP 1272: 656. 


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 Ranunculus arequipensis Ulbrich


Ranunculus arequipensis Ulbrich = Ranunculus uniflorus fo. bolivianus (Philippi) Lourteig

Reference: FP 1272: 649; Lourteig, A., 1956: 125. 


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 Ranunculus argemonifolius Griseb.


Ranunculus argemonifolius Griseb. = Ranunculus praemorsus Kunth ex DC. var. praemorsus 

Reference: FP 1272: 650; Lourteig, A., 1956: 154; Duncan, T., 1980: 65. 


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 Ranunculus bonariensis Poiret in Lamarck



Ranunculus bonariensis Poiret in Lamarck

Reference: Flora Peru: 1272: 650. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


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 Ranunculus breviscapus DC.



Ranunculus breviscapus DC.

Synonyms: Ranunculus breviscapus Prantl
Reference: Flora Peru: 1272: 650; Lourteig, A., 1956: 126. 
Ecology. 3500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Dombey s.n.* (P), Tutin 1058 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Puno.


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 Ranunculus chiclensis Ball


Ranunculus chiclensis Ball = Ranunculus praemorsus Kunth ex DC. var. praemorsus 

Reference: FP 1272: 651; Lourteig, A., 1956: 154; Duncan, T., 1980: 65. 


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 Ranunculus chilensis DC.



Ranunculus chilensis DC.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1272: 651. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean III: rocky slopes. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Without collection data.  
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


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 Ranunculus clypeatus (Ulbrich) Lourteig



Ranunculus clypeatus (Ulbrich) Lourteig

Synonyms: Ranunculus clypeatus (Ulbrich) Standl. & J.F. Macbr., Ranunculus clypeatus Ulbrich
Reference: Lourteig, A., 1956: 166. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 6728* (GH)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


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 Ranunculus cochlearifolius Ruiz Lopez & Pavon ex DC.


Ranunculus cochlearifolius Ruiz Lopez & Pavon ex DC. = Ranunculus macropetalus DC.

Reference: FP 1272: 658; Lourteig, A., 1956: 164. 
Note: nom. illeg.  


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 Ranunculus cymbalaria Pursh



Ranunculus cymbalaria Pursh

Synonyms: Ranunculus cymbalaria (Pursh) Prantl, Ranunculus cymbalaria Kunth ex DC., Ranunculus cymbalaria Steud.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1272: 651; Lourteig, A., 1956: 141. 
Ecology. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Shepard 32 (GH)
Departments: Puno.


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 Ranunculus dichotomus Mo&ccedil;. & Sess&eacute; ex DC.



Ranunculus dichotomus Mo&ccedil;. & Sess&eacute; ex DC.

Synonyms: Ranunculus dichotomus Franchet, Ranunculus dichotomus Wedd.
Reference: Lourteig, A., 1956: 152. 
Ecology. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui et al. 8077 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


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 Ranunculus erodiifolius Gay


Ranunculus erodiifolius Gay = Ranunculus peduncularis var. erodiifolius (Gay) Reiche

Reference: FP 1272: 654; Lourteig, A., 1951: 538. 
Note: NN  


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 Ranunculus filamentosus Wedd.



Ranunculus filamentosus Wedd.

Reference: Lourteig, A., 1956: 133. 
Ecology. 4000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 7033 (LIL, LUZ)
Departments: Puno.


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 Ranunculus flagelliformis Smith



Ranunculus flagelliformis Smith

Synonyms: Ranunculus flagelliformis Steud.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1272: 652; Lourteig, A., 1956: 61. 
Ecology. 1000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 4302 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Lima, La Libertad, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Ranunculus geranioides Kunth ex DC.



Ranunculus geranioides Kunth ex DC.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1272: 652; Duncan, T., 1980: 60. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: disturbed areas, grasslands. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 4295 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Ranunculus giganteus Wedd.


Ranunculus giganteus Wedd. = Laccopetalum giganteum (Wedd.) Ulbrich

Reference: FP 1272: 660; Lourteig, A., 1956: 185. 


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 Ranunculus gigas Lourteig



Ranunculus gigas Lourteig

Reference: Lourteig, A., 1956: 166. 
Ecology. 4000- > 4500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ferreyra 1277* (GH)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Ranunculus guzmannii Humb. ex Caldas



Ranunculus guzmannii Humb. ex Caldas

Synonyms: Ranunculus guzmannii (Humb. ex Caldas) Standl. & J.F. Macbr., Ranunculus guzmannii (Humb. ex Caldas) Ulbrich
Reference: Flora Peru: 1272: 658; Lourteig, A., 1956: 172. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 2161 (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Ranunculus guzmannii var. krapfia Wedd.


Ranunculus guzmannii var. krapfia Wedd. = Ranunculus krapfia DC. ex Deless. var. krapfia 

Reference: FP 1272: 659; Lourteig, A., 1956: 176. 


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 Ranunculus guzmannii var. lechleri (Schltdl.) Wedd.


Ranunculus guzmannii var. lechleri (Schltdl.) Wedd. = Ranunculus krapfia var. lecheri (Schltdl.) Lourteig

Reference: FP 1272: 659; Lourteig, A., 1956: 178. 


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 Ranunculus haemanthus Ulbrich



Ranunculus haemanthus Ulbrich

Synonyms: Ranunculus haemanthus Ulbrich
Reference: Flora Peru: 1272: 659; Lourteig, A., 1956: 179. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. . 
Voucher: Weberbauer 286* (G), Herrera 2329 (F)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Puno.


$


 Ranunculus hemignostus Steud.


Ranunculus hemignostus Steud. = Ranunculus cymbalaria Pursh

Reference: FP 1272: 652; Lourteig, A., 1956: 141. 


$


 Ranunculus hookeri Schltdl.


Ranunculus hookeri Schltdl. = Ranunculus petiolaris var. petiolaris 

Reference: Duncan, T., 1980: 74. 


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 Ranunculus krapfia DC. ex Deless.



Ranunculus krapfia DC. ex Deless.

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 Ranunculus krapfia DC. ex Deless. var.krapfia



Ranunculus krapfia DC. ex Deless. var. krapfia 

Synonyms: Ranunculus krapfia krapfia DC., Ranunculus krapfia krapfia Ulbrich, Ranunculus krapfia var. krapfia (Ulbrich) Standl. & J.F. Macbr., Ranunculus krapfia var. krapfia Wedd.
Reference: Lourteig, A., 1956: 176. 
Ecology. 3000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Dombey s.n.* (P), Boeke 1941 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Puno.


$


 Ranunculus krapfia var.lecheri (Schltdl.) Lourteig



Ranunculus krapfia var. lecheri (Schltdl.) Lourteig

Synonyms: Ranunculus krapfia lecheri (Schltdl.) Standl. & J.F. Macbr., Ranunculus krapfia lecheri (Ulbrich) Standl. & J.F. Macbr., Ranunculus krapfia lecheri Schltdl., Ranunculus krapfia lecheri Ulbrich, Ranunculus krapfia var. lecheri (Schltdl.) Wedd.
Reference: Lourteig, A., 1956: 179. 
Ecology: Native herb. .. 3500- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Lechler 2216* (K), Macbride 4349 (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Puno.


$


 Ranunculus lambayequensis T. Duncan & A. Sagastegui



Ranunculus lambayequensis T. Duncan & A. Sagastegui

Reference: Duncan, T. & A. Sag&aacute;stegui-Alva , 1990: 182. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: grasslands. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui et al. 12826* (F)
Departments: Lambayeque.


$


 Ranunculus lechleri Schltdl.


Ranunculus lechleri Schltdl. = Ranunculus krapfia var. lecheri (Schltdl.) Lourteig

Reference: FP 1272: 659; Lourteig, A., 1956: 178. 


$


 Ranunculus limoselloides Turcz.



Ranunculus limoselloides Turcz.

Reference: Lourteig, A., 1956: 78. 
Ecology. 2500- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui et al. 11127 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, La Libertad.


$


 Ranunculus luxurians Lourteig



Ranunculus luxurians Lourteig

Reference: Lourteig, A., 1956: 77. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 4386* (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Ranunculus macropetalus DC.



Ranunculus macropetalus DC.

Synonyms: Ranunculus macropetalus (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon ex DC.) Standl. & J.F. Macbr., Ranunculus macropetalus (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon ex DC.) Ulbrich, Ranunculus macropetalus (Wedd.) Standl. & J.F. Macbr., Ranunculus macropetalus Ruiz Lopez & Pavon ex DC., Ranunculus macropetalus Ulbrich, Ranunculus macropetalus Wedd.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1272: 658; Lourteig, A., 1956: 164. 
Ecology. 3000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (BM), Tupayachi 732 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Ranunculus mandonianus Wedd.



Ranunculus mandonianus Wedd.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1272: 653. 
Ecology. 4000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 3108 (B)
Departments: Ancash, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Ranunculus muricatus L.



Ranunculus muricatus L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1272: 653; Lourteig, A., 1956: 130. 
Ecology: Introduced herb. Andean I-II, Coastal: disturbed areas. 0-3000 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 23342 (US)
Departments: Ayacucho, Lima.


$


 Ranunculus nubigenus Kunth ex DC.



Ranunculus nubigenus Kunth ex DC.

Synonyms: Ranunculus nubigenus (Kunth ex DC.) Prantl
Reference: Flora Peru: 1272: 653. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Ranunculus palimbifolius Wedd.


Ranunculus palimbifolius Wedd. = Ranunculus dichotomus Mo&ccedil;. & Sess&eacute; ex DC.

Reference: FP 1272: 653; Lourteig, A., 1956: 152. 


$


 Ranunculus peduncularis var.erodiifolius (Gay) Reiche



Ranunculus peduncularis var. erodiifolius (Gay) Reiche

Synonyms: Ranunculus peduncularis erodiifolius Gay
Reference: Lourteig, A., 1951: 538. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Ranunculus peruvianus Pers.



Ranunculus peruvianus Pers.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1272: 653; Lourteig, A., 1956: 135. 
Ecology. 3000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Collector unknown s.n.* (P), Sag&aacute;stegui 12047 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Cuzco, La Libertad.


$


 Ranunculus petiolaris Kunth ex DC.



Ranunculus petiolaris Kunth ex DC.

$


 Ranunculus petiolaris var.petiolaris



Ranunculus petiolaris var. petiolaris 

Synonyms: Ranunculus petiolaris petiolaris Schltdl.
Reference: Duncan, T., 1980: 74. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Note: No specimens cited by Duncan (1980); not reported for Peru by Lourteig (1956). 


$


 Ranunculus pilosus Kunth ex DC.


Ranunculus pilosus Kunth ex DC. = Ranunculus praemorsus Kunth ex DC. var. praemorsus 

Reference: FP 1272: 654; Lourteig, A., 1956: 153; Duncan, T., 1980: 65. 


$


 Ranunculus polystychus Lourteig



Ranunculus polystychus Lourteig

Reference: Lourteig, A., 1956: 182. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Marcos 2193 p.p.* (LIL)
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Ranunculus praemorsus Kunth ex DC.



Ranunculus praemorsus Kunth ex DC.

$


 Ranunculus praemorsus Kunth ex DC. var.praemorsus



Ranunculus praemorsus Kunth ex DC. var. praemorsus 

Synonyms: Ranunculus praemorsus praemorsus Ball, Ranunculus praemorsus praemorsus Briq., Ranunculus praemorsus praemorsus Griseb., Ranunculus praemorsus praemorsus Kunth ex DC., Ranunculus praemorsus praemorsus Kunth ex DC., Ranunculus praemorsus praemorsus Steud., Ranunculus praemorsus var. praemorsus (H.B.K. ex DC.) Lourteig
Reference: Flora Peru: 1272: 654; Lourteig, A., 1956: 153; Duncan, T., 1980: 65. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I-III, Coastal: disturbed areas, grasslands. 0- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: D&iacute;az & Balde&oacute;n 2221 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Lambayeque, Lima, La Libertad, Puno.


$


 Ranunculus praemorsus var. sibbaldioides (H.B.K. ex DC.) Lourteig


Ranunculus praemorsus var. sibbaldioides (H.B.K. ex DC.) Lourteig = Ranunculus praemorsus Kunth ex DC. var. praemorsus 

Reference: Lourteig, A., 1951: 532. 


$


 Ranunculus raimondii Wedd.


Ranunculus raimondii Wedd. = Ranunculus macropetalus DC.

Reference: FP 1272: 659; Lourteig, A., 1956: 164. 


$


 Ranunculus repens L.



Ranunculus repens L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1272: 655; Lourteig, A., 1956: 131. 
Ecology: Introduced herb. Andean II: disturbed areas. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Kalenborn 150 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Jun&iacute;n, Puno.


$


 Ranunculus sarmentoso-repens Steud.


Ranunculus sarmentoso-repens Steud. = Ranunculus flagelliformis Smith

Reference: FP 1272: 655. 


$


 Ranunculus setoso-pilosus Steud.


Ranunculus setoso-pilosus Steud. = Ranunculus praemorsus Kunth ex DC. var. praemorsus 

Reference: FP 1272: 655; Lourteig, A., 1956: 154; Duncan, T., 1980: 65. 


$


 Ranunculus sibbaldioides Kunth ex DC.


Ranunculus sibbaldioides Kunth ex DC. = Ranunculus praemorsus Kunth ex DC. var. praemorsus 

Reference: FP 1272: 655; Lourteig, A., 1956: 154. 


$


 Ranunculus sodiroi Franchet


Ranunculus sodiroi Franchet = Ranunculus dichotomus Mo&ccedil;. & Sess&eacute; ex DC.

Reference: FP 1272: 656; Lourteig, A., 1956: 152. 


$


 Ranunculus sprucei Briq.


Ranunculus sprucei Briq. = Ranunculus praemorsus Kunth ex DC. var. praemorsus 

Reference: FP 1272: 656; Lourteig, A., 1956: 154. 
Note: NN  


$


 Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix ex Vill.



Ranunculus trichophyllus Chaix ex Vill.

Synonyms: Ranunculus trichophyllus (Chaix) Gray, Ranunculus trichophyllus (Thuillier) DC.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1272: 656. 
Ecology: Native aquatic herb. Andean III: grasslands, riversides. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 1356 (B)
Departments: Loreto, Puno.


$


 Ranunculus tridentatus Kunth ex DC.


Ranunculus tridentatus Kunth ex DC. = Ranunculus cymbalaria Pursh

Reference: FP 1272: 651. 


$


 Ranunculus uniflorus fo.bolivianus (Philippi) Lourteig



Ranunculus uniflorus fo. bolivianus (Philippi) Lourteig

Synonyms: Ranunculus uniflorus bolivianus Ulbrich
Reference: Lourteig, A., 1956: 125. 
Ecology. 4000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 3940 (US)
Departments: Arequipa, Jun&iacute;n, Puno.


$


 Ranunculus uniflorus Phil. ex Reiche



Ranunculus uniflorus Phil. ex Reiche

$


 Ranunculus weberbaueri (Ulbrich) Lourtieg



Ranunculus weberbaueri (Ulbrich) Lourtieg

Synonyms: Ranunculus weberbaueri (Ulbrich) Standl. & J.F. Macbr., Ranunculus weberbaueri Ulbrich


$


 Ranunculus weddellii Lourteig



Ranunculus weddellii Lourteig

Reference: Lourteig, A., 1956: 134. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ochoa 246* (US)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Rapanea andina Mez


Rapanea andina Mez = Myrsine andina (Mez) Pipoly

Reference: FP 1335: 167; Pipoly III, J. J., 1992: 7. 


$


 Rapanea brevis J.F. Macbr.


Rapanea brevis J.F. Macbr. = Myrsine brevis (J.F. Macbr.) Pipoly

Reference: FP 1335: 167; Pipoly III, J. J., 1992: 405. 


$


 Rapanea chartacea J.F. Macbr.


Rapanea chartacea J.F. Macbr. = Stylogyne micrantha (Kunth) Mez

Reference: FP 1335: 194. 


$


 Rapanea dependens (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) Mez


Rapanea dependens (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) Mez = Myrsine dependens (Ruiz & Pav.) Spreng.

Reference: FP 1335: 167; Pipoly III, J. J., 1992: 8. 


$


 Rapanea ferruginea (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez


Rapanea ferruginea (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez = Myrsine coriacea (Sw.) R. Br. ex Roem. & Schult.

Reference: FP 1335: 168; Pipoly III, J. J., 1992: 8. 


$


 Rapanea jelskii (Zahlbr.) Mez


Rapanea jelskii (Zahlbr.) Mez = Myrsine coriacea (Sw.) R. Br. ex Roem. & Schult.

Reference: FP 1335: 169; Pipoly III, J. J., 1992: 8. 


$


 Rapanea latifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez


Rapanea latifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez = Myrsine latifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Sprengel

Reference: FP 1335: 170. 


$


 Rapanea lechleri Mez


Rapanea lechleri Mez = Myrsine lechleri (Mez) Pipoly

Reference: FP 1335: 170; Pipoly III, J. J., 1992: 405. 


$


 Rapanea leuconeura (C. Martius) Mez



Rapanea leuconeura (C. Martius) Mez

Synonyms: Rapanea leuconeura Mart.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1335: 171. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Rapanea manglillo (Lamarck) Mez


Rapanea manglillo (Lamarck) Mez = Myrsine manglilla (Lam.) R. Br.

Reference: FP 1335: 171. 


$


 Rapanea oligophylla (Zahlbr.) Mez


Rapanea oligophylla (Zahlbr.) Mez = Myrsine oligophylla Zahlbr.

Reference: FP 1335: 172. 


$


 Rapanea pallens J.F. Macbr.


Rapanea pallens J.F. Macbr. = Stylogyne micrantha (Kunth) Mez

Reference: FP 1335: 193. 


$


 Rapanea pearcei Mez


Rapanea pearcei Mez = Myrsine pearcei (Mez) Pipoly

Reference: FP 1335: 172; Pipoly III, J. J., 1992: 8. 


$


 Rapanea pellucida (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) Mez


Rapanea pellucida (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) Mez = Myrsine pellucida (Ruiz & Pav.) Spreng.

Reference: FP 1335: 173; Pipoly III, J. J., 1992: 8. 


$


 Rapanea peruviana Lundell


Rapanea peruviana Lundell = Myrsine dependens (Ruiz & Pav.) Spreng.

Reference: Lundell, C. L., 1980: 117. 


$


 Rapanea rivularis Mez


Rapanea rivularis Mez = Myrsine rivularis (Mez) Pipoly

Reference: FP 1335: 173; Pipoly III, J. J., 1992: 406. 


$


 Rapanea sessiliflora Mez


Rapanea sessiliflora Mez = Myrsine sessiliflora (Mez) Pipoly

Reference: FP 1335: 174; Pipoly III, J. J., 1992: 406. 


$


 Rapanea sprucei Mez


Rapanea sprucei Mez = Myrsine sprucei (Mez) Pipoly

Reference: FP 1335: 174; Pipoly III, J. J., 1992: 405. 


$


 Rapanea weberbaueri Mez


Rapanea weberbaueri Mez = Myrsine weberbaueri (Mez) J. J. Pipoly, III

Reference: FP 1335: 175; Pipoly III, J. J., 1992: 406. 


$


 Rapatea paludosa Aubl.



Rapatea paludosa Aubl.

Synonyms: Rapatea paludosa (Aubl.) Willd.
Reference: Maguire, B., 1965: 92. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: forests, swamps. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 6161 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Pasco.


$


 Rapatea spectabilis Pilg.



Rapatea spectabilis Pilg.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1178: 495; Pilger, R., 1905: 101. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, swamps. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Ule 6251* (B photo NY!), Killip & Smith 27321 (F!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rapatea ulei Pilg.



Rapatea ulei Pilg.

Reference: Pilger, R., 1914: 119. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez et al. 9987 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Raphanus raphanistrum fo. carneus (Schweigg. & Koerte) Thellung


Raphanus raphanistrum fo. carneus (Schweigg. & Koerte) Thellung = Raphanus raphanistrum L.

Reference: FP 614: 945. 


$


 Raphanus raphanistrum L.



Raphanus raphanistrum L.

Synonyms: Raphanus raphanistrum (Schweigg. & Koerte) Thellung, Raphanus raphanistrum Dum.
Reference: Flora Peru: 614: 946. 
Ecology. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Brunel 924 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Raphanus raphanistrum var. purpurascens Dum.


Raphanus raphanistrum var. purpurascens Dum. = Raphanus raphanistrum L.

Reference: FP 614: 946. 


$


 Raphanus sativus L.



Raphanus sativus L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 614: 946. 
Ecology: Cultivated herb. Andean II: disturbed areas. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 172 (F)
Departments: Cuzco, Lima.


$


 Rapinia herbacea Lour.


Rapinia herbacea Lour. = Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn.

Reference: FP 1381: 389. 


$


 Rapuntium affine C. Presl



Rapuntium affine C. Presl

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 481. 


$


 Rapuntium aquaticum (Cham.) C. Presl


Rapuntium aquaticum (Cham.) C. Presl = Lobelia aquatica Cham.

Reference: Jeppesen, S., 1981: 128. 


$


 Rapuntium collinum (Kunth) C. Presl


Rapuntium collinum (Kunth) C. Presl = Lobelia collina Kunth

Reference: Jeppesen, S., 1981: 129; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 458. 
Note: NN  


$


 Rapuntium decurrens (Cav.) C. Presl


Rapuntium decurrens (Cav.) C. Presl = Lobelia decurrens Cav.

Reference: FP 1381: 478; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 678. 


$


 Rapuntium foliosum (Kunth) C. Presl


Rapuntium foliosum (Kunth) C. Presl = Lobelia decurrens Cav.

Reference: FP 1381: 478; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 678. 


$


 Rapuntium longiflorum (L.) Mill.


Rapuntium longiflorum (L.) Mill. = Hippobroma longiflora (L.) G. Don

Reference: FP 1381: 474; Jeppesen, S., 1981: 124. 


$


 Rapuntium micranthum (Kunth) C. Presl


Rapuntium micranthum (Kunth) C. Presl = Diastatea micrantha (Kunth) McVaugh

Reference: FP 1381: 475; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 750. 


$


 Rapuntium molle (Graham) C. Presl


Rapuntium molle (Graham) C. Presl = Lobelia xalapensis Kunth

Reference: Jeppesen, S., 1981: 135; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 531. 


$


 Rapuntium monticolum (Kunth) C. Presl


Rapuntium monticolum (Kunth) C. Presl = Lobelia xalapensis Kunth

Reference: Jeppesen, S., 1981: 135; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 531. 


$


 Rapuntium nanum (Kunth) C. Presl


Rapuntium nanum (Kunth) C. Presl = Lobelia nana Kunth

Reference: Jeppesen, S., 1981: 132. 


$


 Rapuntium obovatum C. Presl


Rapuntium obovatum C. Presl = Siphocampylus obovatus (G. Don) E. Wimm.

Reference: FP 1381: 460; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 367. 


$


 Rapuntium ovatum (G. Don) C. Presl


Rapuntium ovatum (G. Don) C. Presl = Siphocampylus ovatus (G. Don) E. Wimm.

Reference: FP 1381: 461. 


$


 Rapuntium rupestre (Kunth) C. Presl


Rapuntium rupestre (Kunth) C. Presl = Lobelia tenera Kunth

Reference: Jeppesen, S., 1981: 133. 


$


 Rapuntium secundum C. Presl


Rapuntium secundum C. Presl = Siphocampylus pavonis E. Wimm.

Reference: FP 1381: 463; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 364. 


$


 Rapuntium subtile (Kunth) C. Presl


Rapuntium subtile (Kunth) C. Presl = Diastatea micrantha (Kunth) McVaugh

Reference: FP 1381: 475; Jeppesen, S., 1981: 123. 


$


 Rapuntium tenerum (Kunth) Kuntze


Rapuntium tenerum (Kunth) Kuntze = Lobelia tenera Kunth

Reference: Jeppesen, S., 1981: 133. 


$


 Rapuntium xalapense (Kunth) C. Presl


Rapuntium xalapense (Kunth) C. Presl = Lobelia xalapensis Kunth

Reference: Jeppesen, S., 1981: 135; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 531. 


$


 Raputia heptaphylla Pittier



Raputia heptaphylla Pittier

Reference: Gereau, R. E., 1990: 370. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests, forests on white sand. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 1042 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, Pasco.


$


 Raputia magnifica Engl.



Raputia magnifica Engl.

Reference: Gutte, G, K. M&uuml;ller & C. M&uuml;ller, 1986: 194. 
Ecology: Native tree. . 
Voucher: Gutte & M&uuml;ller 8553 
Departments: Madre de Dios.


$


 Raputia paraensis Ducke


Raputia paraensis Ducke = Neoraputia paraensis (Ducke) Emmerich

Reference: Emmerich, M., 1978: 243. 


$


 Raputia ulei (Krause) Kallunki



Raputia ulei (Krause) Kallunki

Synonyms: Raputia ulei (Krause) R.S. Cowan, Raputia ulei Krause
Reference: Kallunki, J. A., 1990: 177. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests on white sand. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez et al. 8909 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Raritebe palicoureoides Wernham



Raritebe palicoureoides Wernham

Synonyms: Raritebe palicoureoides Standl.
Reference: Kirkbride Jr., J. H., 1979: 303. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: terra firme forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Stein 2152 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Raspailia agrostoidea J. Presl


Raspailia agrostoidea J. Presl = Polypogon elongatus Kunth

Reference: FP 719: 167. 


$


 Rauhia decora Ravenna



Rauhia decora Ravenna

Reference: Ravenna, P., 1981: 77. 
Ecology. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Ravenna 3060* (K)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Rauhia megistophylla (Kraenzl.) Traub


Rauhia megistophylla (Kraenzl.) Traub = Rauhia multiflora (Kunth) Ravenna

Reference: Ravenna, P., 1969: 61. 


$


 Rauhia multiflora (Kunth) Ravenna



Rauhia multiflora (Kunth) Ravenna

Synonyms: Rauhia multiflora (Kraenzl.) Traub, Rauhia multiflora Herbert, Rauhia multiflora Kraenzl., Rauhia multiflora Kunth, Rauhia multiflora Traub
Reference: Ravenna, P., 1969: 61. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean I: rocky slopes. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Rauh 535A (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Rauhia peruviana Traub


Rauhia peruviana Traub = Rauhia multiflora (Kunth) Ravenna

Reference: Ravenna, P., 1969: 61. 


$


 Rauhia staminosa Ravenna



Rauhia staminosa Ravenna

Reference: Ravenna, P., 1978: 78. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ravenna 2091* (Hb. Ravenna), Barbour 4234 (USM!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Rauhocereus riosaniensis Backeb.


Rauhocereus riosaniensis Backeb. = Browningia riosaniensis (Backeb.) G.D. Rowley

Reference: Backeberg, C., 1956: 20; Rauh, W., 1958: 367; Ritter, F., 1981: 1345. 


$


 Rauhocereus riosaniensis var. jaenensis Backeb.


Rauhocereus riosaniensis var. jaenensis Backeb. = Browningia riosaniensis (Backeb.) G.D. Rowley

Reference: Rauh, W., 1958: 367. 


$


 Rauia resinosa Nees & Mart.


Rauia resinosa Nees & Mart. = Angostura resinosa (Nees & Mart.) Gereau

Reference: FP 655: 682; Gereau, R. E., 1990: 368. 


$


 Rauia ulei Krause


Rauia ulei Krause = Angostura ucayalina (Huber) Albuq.

Reference: FP 655: 683; Kallunki, pers. comm.. 


$


 Raulinoreitzia crenulata (Spreng.) R.M. King & H. Rob.



Raulinoreitzia crenulata (Spreng.) R.M. King & H. Rob.

Synonyms: Raulinoreitzia crenulata Spreng.
Reference: King, R. M. & H. Robinson, 1987: 77, 563. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean I-II: forests, shrublands. 500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 7941 (F!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cuzco, Puno.


$


 Rauvolfia amazonica Markgr.


Rauvolfia amazonica Markgr. = Rauvolfia macrantha Schumann ex Markgr.

Reference: Rao, A. S., 1956: 310. 


$


 Rauvolfia andina Markgr.



Rauvolfia andina Markgr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1343: 377. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean I-II: rocky slopes. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 7112* (MO!), Ferreyra 7086 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Rauvolfia canescens L.


Rauvolfia canescens L. = Rauvolfia tetraphylla L.

Reference: FP 1343: 379. 


$


 Rauvolfia duckei Markgr.


Rauvolfia duckei Markgr. = Rauvolfia pentaphylla Huber ex Ducke

Reference: FP 1343: 379. 


$


 Rauvolfia flexuosa Ruiz & Pav.


Rauvolfia flexuosa Ruiz & Pav. = Citharexylum flexuosum var. flexuosum 

Reference: FP 1286: 674; Moldenke, H. N., 1959: 342. 


$


 Rauvolfia glabra Cav.


Rauvolfia glabra Cav. = Vallesia glabra (Cav.) Link

Reference: FP 1343: 381. 


$


 Rauvolfia hirsuta Jacq.


Rauvolfia hirsuta Jacq. = Rauvolfia tetraphylla L.

Reference: FP 1343: 379. 


$


 Rauvolfia laurentiana Woodson


Rauvolfia laurentiana Woodson = Rauvolfia sprucei M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Reference: FP 1343: 378. 


$


 Rauvolfia macrantha Schumann ex Markgr.



Rauvolfia macrantha Schumann ex Markgr.

Synonyms: Rauvolfia macrantha Markgr.
Reference: Rao, A. S., 1956: 312. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Rimachi 2522 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Rauvolfia macrophylla Ruiz & Pav.


Rauvolfia macrophylla Ruiz & Pav. = Citharexylum flexuosum var. flexuosum 

Reference: FP 1286: 674; Moldenke, H. N., 1959: 342. 


$


 Rauvolfia paraensis Ducke



Rauvolfia paraensis Ducke

Reference: Rao, A. S., 1956: 310. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Croat 18523 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Rauvolfia pentaphylla Huber ex Ducke



Rauvolfia pentaphylla Huber ex Ducke

Synonyms: Rauvolfia pentaphylla Markgr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1343: 379. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: D&iacute;az & Jaramillo 1552 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rauvolfia praecox Schum. ex Markgr.



Rauvolfia praecox Schum. ex Markgr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1343: 377. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ule 6256* (L), Foster 9911 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rauvolfia sanctorum Woodson



Rauvolfia sanctorum Woodson

Reference: Flora Peru: 1343: 378. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Note:   
Voucher: Killip & Smith 29928 (US)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Rauvolfia sprucei M&uuml;ll. Arg.



Rauvolfia sprucei M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Synonyms: Rauvolfia sprucei Woodson
Reference: Flora Peru: 1343: 378. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Croat 20620 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rauvolfia tetraphylla L.



Rauvolfia tetraphylla L.

Synonyms: Rauvolfia tetraphylla Jacq., Rauvolfia tetraphylla L.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1343: 379. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Coastal: disturbed areas, forests, shrublands. 0-1000 m. 
Note:   
Voucher: Belshaw 3137 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Lambayeque, La Libertad, Loreto, Piura, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Ravenia amazonica Huber



Ravenia amazonica Huber

Reference: Flora Peru: 655: 687. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: McDaniel & Rimachi 17701 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Ravenia biramosa Ducke



Ravenia biramosa Ducke

$


 Ravenia biramosa var.biramosa



Ravenia biramosa var. biramosa 

Reference: Flora Peru: 655: 686; Gereau, R. E., 1990: 371. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests on white sand, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Knapp et al. 7643 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Ravenia biramosa var.peruviana J.F. Macbr.



Ravenia biramosa var. peruviana J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 655: 687. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Klug 3047* 
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Razisea spicata Oerst.



Razisea spicata Oerst.

Reference: Leonard, E. C., 1958: 400. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Wurdack 2128 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto.


$


 Rebis discolor Spach


Rebis discolor Spach = Ribes albifolium Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 628: 1019. 


$


 Rebis macrobotrys Spach


Rebis macrobotrys Spach = Ribes macrobotrys Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 628: 1022. 


$


 Rebutia neocumingii (Backeb.) D.R. Hunt



Rebutia neocumingii (Backeb.) D.R. Hunt

Synonyms: Rebutia neocumingii Backeb., Rebutia neocumingii Regel & Klein, nom. illeg.
Reference: Hunt, D. & N. Taylor, 1987: 94; Hunt, D., 1992: 125. 
Note: No voucher seen, although recorded for the country by Hunt (1992).  


$


 Rechsteineria aurantiaca (Hanst.) Kuntze


Rechsteineria aurantiaca (Hanst.) Kuntze = Sinningia incarnata (Aubl.) Denham

$


 Rechsteineria elatior (Kunth) Kuntze


Rechsteineria elatior (Kunth) Kuntze = Sinningia elatior (Kunth) Chautems

$


 Rechsteineria elliptica (Hooker) Kuntze


Rechsteineria elliptica (Hooker) Kuntze = Sinningia incarnata (Aubl.) Denham

$


 Rechsteineria erubescens (Hanst.) Kuntze


Rechsteineria erubescens (Hanst.) Kuntze = Sinningia incarnata (Aubl.) Denham

$


 Rechsteineria flavescens (Hanst.) Kuntze


Rechsteineria flavescens (Hanst.) Kuntze = Sinningia incarnata (Aubl.) Denham

$


 Rechsteineria gollmeriana (Hanst.) Kuntze


Rechsteineria gollmeriana (Hanst.) Kuntze = Sinningia incarnata (Aubl.) Denham

$


 Rechsteineria guazumifolia (Benth.) Kuntze


Rechsteineria guazumifolia (Benth.) Kuntze = Heppiella ulmifolia (Kunth) Hanst.

$


 Rechsteineria peruviana Fritsch


Rechsteineria peruviana Fritsch = Sinningia warmingii (Hiern) Chautems

$


 Rechsteineria rutila (Lindl.) Kuntze


Rechsteineria rutila (Lindl.) Kuntze = Sinningia incarnata (Aubl.) Denham

$


 Rechsteineria sceptroides (Hanst.) Kuntze


Rechsteineria sceptroides (Hanst.) Kuntze = Sinningia elatior (Kunth) Chautems

Reference: Chautems, A., 1990: 384. 


$


 Rechsteineria stricta (Hook. & Arn.) Kuntze


Rechsteineria stricta (Hook. & Arn.) Kuntze = Sinningia elatior (Kunth) Chautems

Reference: Chautems, A., 1990: 384. 


$


 Rechsteineria tenera Fritsch


Rechsteineria tenera Fritsch = Sinningia elatior (Kunth) Chautems

Reference: Chautems, A., 1990: 384. 


$


 Rechsteineria vargasii (DC.) Kuntze


Rechsteineria vargasii (DC.) Kuntze = Sinningia incarnata (Aubl.) Denham

$


 Rechsteineria weberbaueri Fritsch


Rechsteineria weberbaueri Fritsch = Sinningia warmingii (Hiern) Chautems

$


 Rechsteineria xanthophylla (Poeppig) Kuntze


Rechsteineria xanthophylla (Poeppig) Kuntze = Anodiscus xanthophyllus (Poepp.) Mansf.

$


 Recordoxylon stenopetalum Ducke



Recordoxylon stenopetalum Ducke

Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 205; Ducke, A., 1949: 129. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Redoutea heterophylla Vent.


Redoutea heterophylla Vent. = Cienfuegosia heterophylla (Vent.) Garcke

Reference: FP 1302: 477; Fryxell, P. A., 1969: 211. 


$


 Regnellia purpurea Barb. Rodr.


Regnellia purpurea Barb. Rodr. = Bletia catenulata Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1473: 562; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Reichardia decapetala Roth


Reichardia decapetala Roth = Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth) Alston in R. Trimen var. decapetala 

Reference: Isely, D., 1975: 193. 


$


 Reichenbachia hirsuta Sprengel



Reichenbachia hirsuta Sprengel

$


 Reimaria acuta Fl&uuml;gg&eacute;


Reimaria acuta Fl&uuml;gg&eacute; = Reimarochloa acuta (Fl&uuml;gg&eacute;) Hitchc.

Reference: Judziewicz, E. J., 1990[1991]: 550. 


$


 Reimaria candida Humb. & Bonpl. ex Fl&uuml;gg&eacute;


Reimaria candida Humb. & Bonpl. ex Fl&uuml;gg&eacute; = Paspalum candidum (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Fl&uuml;gg&eacute;) Kunth

Reference: FP 719: 210. 


$


 Reimarochloa acuta (Fl&uuml;gg&eacute;) Hitchc.



Reimarochloa acuta (Fl&uuml;gg&eacute;) Hitchc.

Synonyms: Reimarochloa acuta (Spreng.) Hitchc., Reimarochloa acuta Fl&uuml;gg&eacute;, Reimarochloa acuta Spreng.
Reference: Judziewicz, E. J., 1990[1991]: 550. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: McDaniel 23152 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Reimarochloa brasiliensis (Spreng.) Hitchc.


Reimarochloa brasiliensis (Spreng.) Hitchc. = Reimarochloa acuta (Fl&uuml;gg&eacute;) Hitchc.

Reference: Judziewicz, E. J., 1990[1991]: 550. 


$


 Relbunium chloranthum Krause


Relbunium chloranthum Krause = Galium corymbosum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1365: 256; Dempster, L. T., 1990: 321. 
Note: Mistakenly cited in the Flora of Peru as Galium chloranthum.  


$


 Relbunium ciliatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Hemsl.


Relbunium ciliatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Hemsl. = Galium corymbosum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1365: 255; Dempster, L. T., 1990: 321. 


$


 Relbunium corymbosum (Ruiz & Pav.) Schumann


Relbunium corymbosum (Ruiz & Pav.) Schumann = Galium corymbosum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1365: 255; Dempster, L. T., 1990: 321. 


$


 Relbunium croceum (Ruiz & Pav.) Schumann


Relbunium croceum (Ruiz & Pav.) Schumann = Galium hypocarpium (L.) Endl. ex Griseb. subsp. hypocarpium 

Reference: FP 1365: 256; Dempster, L. T., 1990: 308. 


$


 Relbunium diffusum (Pohl ex DC.) Schumann


Relbunium diffusum (Pohl ex DC.) Schumann = Galium noxium subsp. noxium 

Reference: FP 1365: 258; Dempster, L. T., 1990: 292. 


$


 Relbunium ericoides (Lam.) Schumann


Relbunium ericoides (Lam.) Schumann = Galium ericoides Lam.

Reference: FP 1365: 256. 
Note: NN  


$


 Relbunium hirsutum (Ruiz & Pav.) Schumann


Relbunium hirsutum (Ruiz & Pav.) Schumann = Galium corymbosum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1365: 256; Dempster, L. T., 1990: 321. 


$


 Relbunium hypocarpium (L.) Hemsl.


Relbunium hypocarpium (L.) Hemsl. = Galium hypocarpium (L.) Endl. ex Griseb. subsp. hypocarpium 

Reference: FP 1365: 257; Dempster, L. T., 1990: 308. 


$


 Relbunium noxium (A. St. Hilaire) Schumann


Relbunium noxium (A. St. Hilaire) Schumann = Galium noxium subsp. noxium 

Reference: Dempster, L. T., 1990: 292. 


$


 Relbunium ovale (Ruiz & Pav.) Schumann


Relbunium ovale (Ruiz & Pav.) Schumann = Galium hypocarpium (L.) Endl. ex Griseb. subsp. hypocarpium 

Reference: FP 1365: 257; Dempster, L. T., 1990: 308. 


$


 Relbunium tarmense Krause


Relbunium tarmense Krause = Galium corymbosum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1365: 255; Dempster, L. T., 1990: 321. 


$


 Relbunium tuberculosum (Bentham) Ball


Relbunium tuberculosum (Bentham) Ball = Galium hypocarpium (L.) Endl. ex Griseb. subsp. hypocarpium 

Reference: Standley, P. C., 1931: 249. 


$


 Reldia minutiflora (L.E. Skog) L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog var.minutiflora



Reldia minutiflora (L.E. Skog) L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog var. minutiflora 

Synonyms: Reldia minutiflora minutiflora (L.E. Skog) Wiehler, Reldia minutiflora minutiflora L.E. Skog
Reference: Kvist, L. P. & L. E. Skog, 1989: 609. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Wurdack 2072* (US!), Berlin 491 (MO!, USM!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto.


$


 Reldia minutiflora (L.E. Skog) L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog



Reldia minutiflora (L.E. Skog) L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog

$


 Remijia chelomaphylla G.A. Sullivan



Remijia chelomaphylla G.A. Sullivan

Reference: Sullivan, G. A., 1986: 298. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Andean I: terra firme forests. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Woytkowski 7874* (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Remijia megistocaula Krause



Remijia megistocaula Krause

Synonyms: Remijia megistocaula Ducke
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 36. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 3687* (B), Schunke 6132 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Ucayali.


$


 Remijia pacimonica Standl.



Remijia pacimonica Standl.

Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 82. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests on white sand. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 9600 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Remijia pedunculata (Karsten) Flueck.



Remijia pedunculata (Karsten) Flueck.

Synonyms: Remijia pedunculata (Karsten) Schumann, Remijia pedunculata Karsten
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 44; Standley, P. C., 1930: 20. 
Ecology: Native treelet. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 4263 (K)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Remijia peruviana Standl.



Remijia peruviana Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 37. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree, vine. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests on white sand. 0-1000 m. 
Note: Futher study may prove this to be a synonym of R. pedunculata. 
Voucher: Williams 1512* (F), V&aacute;squez 13364 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Remijia ulei Krause



Remijia ulei Krause

Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 85. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 10150 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto.


$


 Renealmia alpinia (Rottb.) Maas



Renealmia alpinia (Rottb.) Maas

Synonyms: Renealmia alpinia J.F. Macbr., Renealmia alpinia Poepp. & Endl., Renealmia alpinia Rottb.
Reference: Maas, P. J. M., 1977: 29. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests, seasonally inundated areas, riversides. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 8330 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Renealmia aromatica (Aubl.) Griseb. ex K. Schum.



Renealmia aromatica (Aubl.) Griseb. ex K. Schum.

Synonyms: Renealmia aromatica (Sw.) Sweet, Renealmia aromatica (Sw.) Sweet, Renealmia aromatica Sw.
Reference: Maas, P. J. M., 1985: 52. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 5427 (MO!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Renealmia breviscapa Poepp. & Endl.



Renealmia breviscapa Poepp. & Endl.

Synonyms: Renealmia breviscapa Gagnep.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1203: 727; Maas, P. J. M., 1977: 43. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests on white sand. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig s.n.* (W), Berlin 704 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Renealmia cernua (Sw. ex Roem. & Schult.) J.F. Macbr.



Renealmia cernua (Sw. ex Roem. & Schult.) J.F. Macbr.

Synonyms: Renealmia cernua Poepp. & Endl., Renealmia cernua Sw. ex Roem. & Schult.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1203: 728; Maas, P. J. M., 1977: 47. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Tunqui 725 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Renealmia floribunda K. Schum. in Engler



Renealmia floribunda K. Schum. in Engler

Reference: Maas, P. J. M., 1977: 74. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Solomon 3604 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Renealmia geostachys K. Schum. in Engler


Renealmia geostachys K. Schum. in Engler = Renealmia thyrsoidea (Ruiz & Pav.) Poepp. & Endl. subsp. thyrsoidea 

Reference: FP 1203: 728; Maas, P. J. M., 1977: 135. 


$


 Renealmia hygrophila K. Schum. in Engler



Renealmia hygrophila K. Schum. in Engler

Reference: Flora Peru: 1203: 728; Maas, P. J. M., 1977: 51. 
Note: Maas (1977) states that this taxon may be a hybrid.  


$


 Renealmia krukovii Maas



Renealmia krukovii Maas

Reference: Maas, P. J. M., 1977: 89. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez et al. 10046 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Renealmia latevagina J.F. Macbr.


Renealmia latevagina J.F. Macbr. = Renealmia alpinia (Rottb.) Maas

Reference: FP 1203: 728; Maas, P. J. M., 1977: 31. 


$


 Renealmia macrantha Poepp. & Endl.


Renealmia macrantha Poepp. & Endl. = Renealmia alpinia (Rottb.) Maas

Reference: FP 1203: 729; Maas, P. J. M., 1977: 31. 


$


 Renealmia micrantha K. Schum. in Engler


Renealmia micrantha K. Schum. in Engler = Renealmia racemosa Poepp. & Endl.

Reference: FP 1203: 729; Maas, P. J. M., 1977: 123. 


$


 Renealmia monosperma Miq.



Renealmia monosperma Miq.

Reference: Maas, P. J. M., 1977: 98. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 56105 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco.


$


 Renealmia monostachia L.


Renealmia monostachia L. = Guzmania monostachia (L.) Rusby ex Mez var. monostachia 

Reference: FP 1179: 571; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1366. 


$


 Renealmia nicolaioides Loes.



Renealmia nicolaioides Loes.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1203: 729; Maas, P. J. M., 1977: 100. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I: forests. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Asplund 12281* (S), Foster 9386 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Renealmia occidentalis (Sw.) Sweet



Renealmia occidentalis (Sw.) Sweet

$


 Renealmia occidentalis (Sw.) Sweet var. occidentalis


Renealmia occidentalis (Sw.) Sweet var. occidentalis = Renealmia aromatica (Aubl.) Griseb. ex K. Schum.

Reference: FP 1203: 730; Maas, P. J. M., 1985: 52. 


$


 Renealmia pallida Maas



Renealmia pallida Maas

Reference: Maas, P. J. M., 1977: 111. 
Ecology. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Plowman & Davis 5046* (U), Maas et al. 6157 (USM!)
Departments: Cuzco, Madre de Dios.


$


 Renealmia pluriplicata Maas



Renealmia pluriplicata Maas

Reference: Maas, P. J. M., 1977: 116. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Note: According to Maas (1977: 118) the Peruvian material may be a new variety. 
Voucher: Vargas 15193 (CUZ, US)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Renealmia purpurea Maas & H. Maas



Renealmia purpurea Maas & H. Maas

Reference: Maas, P. J. M. & H. Maas, 1987: 247. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Maas et al. 6131* (U, USM)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Renealmia racemosa Poepp. & Endl.



Renealmia racemosa Poepp. & Endl.

Synonyms: Renealmia racemosa (Steud.) Horaninow, Renealmia racemosa K. Schum. in Engler, Renealmia racemosa Ruiz & Pav., Renealmia racemosa Steud.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1203: 727; Maas, P. J. M., 1977: 123. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I: forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Killip & Smith 22602 (NY)
Departments: Ayacucho, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Renealmia recurvata L.


Renealmia recurvata L. = Tillandsia recurvata (L.) L.

Reference: FP 1179: 542; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 888. 


$


 Renealmia regnelliana Loes.


Renealmia regnelliana Loes. = Renealmia urbaniana Loes.

Reference: FP 1203: 730; Maas, P. J. M., 1977: 138. 


$


 Renealmia ruiziana (Steud.) Horaninow


Renealmia ruiziana (Steud.) Horaninow = Renealmia racemosa Poepp. & Endl.

Reference: FP 1203: 727; Maas, P. J. M., 1977: 123. 


$


 Renealmia spicata Gagnep.


Renealmia spicata Gagnep. = Renealmia breviscapa Poepp. & Endl.

Reference: FP 1203: 730; Maas, P. J. M., 1977: 43. 


$


 Renealmia stellulata Steyerm.



Renealmia stellulata Steyerm.

Reference: Maas, P. J. M., 1977: 130. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: cloud forests. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 22950 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Renealmia strobilifera Poepp. & Endl.


Renealmia strobilifera Poepp. & Endl. = Renealmia cernua (Sw. ex Roem. & Schult.) J.F. Macbr.

Reference: FP 1203: 728; Maas, P. J. M., 1977: 47. 


$


 Renealmia thyrsoidea (Ruiz & Pav.) Poepp. & Endl.



Renealmia thyrsoidea (Ruiz & Pav.) Poepp. & Endl.

$


 Renealmia thyrsoidea (Ruiz & Pav.) Poepp. & Endl. subsp.thyrsoidea



Renealmia thyrsoidea (Ruiz & Pav.) Poepp. & Endl. subsp. thyrsoidea 

Synonyms: Renealmia thyrsoidea thyrsoidea K. Schum. in Engler, Renealmia thyrsoidea thyrsoidea Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1203: 730; Maas, P. J. M., 1977: 135. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), V&aacute;squez et al. 8955 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Renealmia urbaniana Loes.



Renealmia urbaniana Loes.

Synonyms: Renealmia urbaniana Loes.
Reference: Maas, P. J. M., 1977: 138. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Foster 5658 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Renealmia usneoides L.


Renealmia usneoides L. = Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L.

Reference: FP 1179: 543; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 899. 


$


 Renealmia wurdackii Maas



Renealmia wurdackii Maas

Reference: Maas, P. J. M., 1977: 142. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: forests. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Wurdack 1045* (US), Young & Eisenberg 433 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho.


$


 Rengifa peruviana Poepp.


Rengifa peruviana Poepp. = Quapoya peruviana (Poepp.) Kuntze var. peruviana 

Reference: Maguire, J., 1961: 30. 


$


 Restrepia antennifera Kunth



Restrepia antennifera Kunth

Reference: Luer, C. A., 1982: 126; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. . 
Voucher: Woytkowski 5203 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Restrepia caespitifica Lehmann & Kraenzlin


Restrepia caespitifica Lehmann & Kraenzlin = Barbosella prorepens (Rchb. f.) Schltr.

Reference: Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 9. 


$


 Restrepia cucullata Lindl.


Restrepia cucullata Lindl. = Barbosella cucullata (Lindl.) Schltr.

Reference: FP 1467: 330; 1510: 32. 


$


 Restrepia ecuadorensis Rolfe



Restrepia ecuadorensis Rolfe

Reference: Flora Peru: 1467: 301; 1510: 23. 
Note: Questionably from Peru (Luer, pers. comm.).  


$


 Restrepia prorepens Rchb. f.


Restrepia prorepens Rchb. f. = Barbosella prorepens (Rchb. f.) Schltr.

Reference: Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 9. 


$


 Restrepia rhynchantha Rchb. f. & Warsz.


Restrepia rhynchantha Rchb. f. & Warsz. = Barbosella cucullata (Lindl.) Schltr.

Reference: FP 1467: 330; Luer, pers. comm.. 


$


 Restrepia tentaculata Poepp. & Endl.


Restrepia tentaculata Poepp. & Endl. = Pleurothallis tentaculata (Poeppig & Endlicher) Lindl.

Reference: FP 1467: 346. 


$


 Restrepia vittata Lindl.


Restrepia vittata Lindl. = Pleurothallis hemirhoda Lindl. & Paxton

Reference: FP 1467: 309. 


$


 Restrepiella hirsutissima (C. Schweinfurth) Garay & Dunst.


Restrepiella hirsutissima (C. Schweinfurth) Garay & Dunst. = Dresslerella hirsutissima (C. Schweinf.) Luer

Reference: FP 1510: 23; Luer, C. A., 1978: 185; Luer, C. A., 1988: 8. 


$


 Restrepiella microptera (Schltr.) Garay & Dunst.



Restrepiella microptera (Schltr.) Garay & Dunst.

Reference: Luer, C. A., 1991: 100. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Knapp et al. 7531 (MO)


$


 Restrepiopsis microptera (Schltr.) Luer



Restrepiopsis microptera (Schltr.) Luer

Synonyms: Restrepiopsis microptera (Schltr.) Garay & Dunst., Restrepiopsis microptera Schltr.
Reference: Luer, C. A., 1991: 100. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Knapp et al. 7531 (MO)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Retanilla ephedra (Vent.) Brongn.



Retanilla ephedra (Vent.) Brongn.

Synonyms: Retanilla ephedra Vent.
Reference: Tortosa, R. D., 1989: 323. 
Note: Type from seeds said to have been collected in Peu by Dombey.  No other information available.  Seeds may have been from Chile. 
Voucher: Dombey s.n.* (P)


$


 Retanilla obcordata (Vent.) Brongniart



Retanilla obcordata (Vent.) Brongniart

Synonyms: Retanilla obcordata Vent.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1299: 403; Suessenguth, K., 1953: 148. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, rocky slopes. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry & Smith 45060 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Retiniphyllum adinanthum Standl.


Retiniphyllum adinanthum Standl. = Stachyococcus adinanthus (Standl.) Standl.

Reference: FP 1365: 144. 


$


 Retiniphyllum angustiflorum Krause


Retiniphyllum angustiflorum Krause = Retiniphyllum martianum M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Reference: FP 1365: 113. 


$


 Retiniphyllum fuchsioides Krause



Retiniphyllum fuchsioides Krause

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 114; Steyermark, J. A., 1965: 232. 
Ecology: Endemic liana, subshrub, treelet. Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Ule 6544* (B photo F!), Knapp et al. 8526 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Retiniphyllum martianum M&uuml;ll. Arg.



Retiniphyllum martianum M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Synonyms: Retiniphyllum martianum Krause
Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1965: 231. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests on white sand, swamps. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Soto 11893 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rhabdadenia macrostoma (Benth.) M&uuml;ll. Arg.



Rhabdadenia macrostoma (Benth.) M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Synonyms: Rhabdadenia macrostoma Benth.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1343: 446. 
Ecology: Native vine. Amazonian: riversides, swamps. 0-500 m. 
Note:   
Voucher: Killip & Smith 26911 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Rhacoma urbaniana Loes.


Rhacoma urbaniana Loes. = Gymnosporia urbaniana (Loes.) Liesner

Reference: FP 687: 269. 


$


 Rhadinocarpus brasiliensis Vogel


Rhadinocarpus brasiliensis Vogel = Chaetocalyx brasiliensis (Vogel) Benth.

Reference: FP 21: 446; Rudd, V. E., 1958: 229. 


$


 Rhamnidium elaeocarpum Reisseck



Rhamnidium elaeocarpum Reisseck

Reference: Flora Peru: 1299: 396; Suessenguth, K., 1953: 148. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, rocky slopes. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry & Smith 45060 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rhamnus domingensis Jacq.


Rhamnus domingensis Jacq. = Gouania lupuloides (L.) Urb.

Reference: FP 1299: 406; Johnston, M. C. & L. A. Johnston, 1978: 81. 


$


 Rhamnus elegans Kunth


Rhamnus elegans Kunth = Sageretia elegans (Kunth) Brongn.

Reference: FP 1299: 395; Johnston, M. C. & L. A. Johnston, 1978: 81. 


$


 Rhamnus granulosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Weberb. ex M.C. Johnst.



Rhamnus granulosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Weberb. ex M.C. Johnst.

Synonyms: Rhamnus granulosa J. Perkins, Rhamnus granulosa Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1299: 401; Johnston, M. C. & L. A. Johnston, 1978: 78. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean I-II: forests. 500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (P), Woytkowski 7696 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Rhamnus iguaneus Jacq.


Rhamnus iguaneus Jacq. = Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sarg.

Reference: FP 1231: 271; Carauta, J. P. P., 1974: 104. 


$


 Rhamnus jelskii Szyszylowicz


Rhamnus jelskii Szyszylowicz = Rhamnus sphaerosperma var. polymorpha (Reissek) M.C. Johnst.

Reference: FP 1299: 401; Johnston, M. C. & L. A. Johnston, 1978: 67. 


$


 Rhamnus micrantha L.


Rhamnus micrantha L. = Trema micrantha (L.) Blume

Reference: FP 1231: 269; Carauta, J. P. P., 1974: 114. 


$


 Rhamnus polygama Jacq.


Rhamnus polygama Jacq. = Gouania polygama (Jacq.) Urb.

Reference: FP 1299: 407; Johnston, M. C. & L. A. Johnston, 1978: 82. 


$


 Rhamnus pubescens (Ruiz & Pav.) Triana & Planch.


Rhamnus pubescens (Ruiz & Pav.) Triana & Planch. = Rhamnus sphaerosperma var. polymorpha (Reissek) M.C. Johnst.

Reference: FP 1299: 401; Johnston, M. C. & L. A. Johnston, 1978: 67. 


$


 Rhamnus quitensis Willd.


Rhamnus quitensis Willd. = Ilex quitensis (Willd.) Loes.

Reference: FP 684: 283; Johnston, M. C. & L. A. Johnston, 1978: 82. 


$


 Rhamnus riojae J. Perkins


Rhamnus riojae J. Perkins = Rhamnus granulosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Weberb. ex M.C. Johnst.

Reference: FP 1299: 402; Johnston, M. C. & L. A. Johnston, 1978: 79. 


$


 Rhamnus senticosa Kunth


Rhamnus senticosa Kunth = Scutia spicata (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Weberb. var. spicata 

Reference: FP 1299: 397; Johnston, M. C., 1974: 70. 


$


 Rhamnus sphaerosperma var.polymorpha (Reissek) M.C. Johnst.



Rhamnus sphaerosperma var. polymorpha (Reissek) M.C. Johnst.

Synonyms: Rhamnus sphaerosperma polymorpha (Ruiz & Pav.) Triana & Planch., Rhamnus sphaerosperma polymorpha Grubov, Rhamnus sphaerosperma polymorpha Grubov, Rhamnus sphaerosperma polymorpha Reissek, Rhamnus sphaerosperma polymorpha Ruiz & Pav., Rhamnus sphaerosperma polymorpha Szyszylowicz, Rhamnus sphaerosperma var. polymorpha (Reissek) M.C. Johnst. & L.A. Johnst., Rhamnus sphaerosperma var. polymorpha Reissek, Rhamnus sphaerosperma var. polymorpha Riess.
Reference: Johnston, M. C., 1984: 124. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean II: dry valleys, forests. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Stein et al. 4036 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Piura, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rhamnus sphaerosperma var. pubescens (Reissek) M.C. Johnst. & L.A. Johnst.


Rhamnus sphaerosperma var. pubescens (Reissek) M.C. Johnst. & L.A. Johnst. = Rhamnus sphaerosperma var. polymorpha (Reissek) M.C. Johnst.

Reference: Johnston, M. C. & L. A. Johnston, 1978: 51. 


$


 Rhaphis arundinacea Desv.


Rhaphis arundinacea Desv. = Sorghum bicolor subsp. arundinaceum (Desv.) de Wet & J.R. Harlan ex Davidse

Reference: Renvoize, S. A., 1984: 270. 


$


 Rhaphithamnus spinosus (Jussieu) Moldenke



Rhaphithamnus spinosus (Jussieu) Moldenke

Synonyms: Rhaphithamnus spinosus Hook. & Arn., Rhaphithamnus spinosus Jussieu
Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 688; Moldenke, H. N., 1979: 310. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Rhaptostylum acuminatum Humb. & Bonpl.


Rhaptostylum acuminatum Humb. & Bonpl. = Heisteria acuminata (Humb. & Bonpl.) Engl.

Reference: Sleumer, H. , 1984: 71. 


$


 Rheedia acuminata (Ruiz & Pav.) Planch. & Triana


Rheedia acuminata (Ruiz & Pav.) Planch. & Triana = Garcinia madruno (Kunth) Hammel

Reference: Hammel, B., 1989: 928. 


$


 Rheedia benthamiana Planch. & Triana


Rheedia benthamiana Planch. & Triana = Garcinia macrophylla C. Mart.

Reference: D'Arcy, W.G., 1981: 1015; Hammel, B., 1989: 928. 


$


 Rheedia brasiliensis (Mart.) Planch. & Triana


Rheedia brasiliensis (Mart.) Planch. & Triana = Garcinia brasiliensis Mart.

Reference: Engler, A., 1878: 461. 


$


 Rheedia gardneriana Miers ex Planch. & Triana



Rheedia gardneriana Miers ex Planch. & Triana

Reference: Engler, A., 1878: 462. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez 8304 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto.


$


 Rheedia longifolia Triana & Planch.



Rheedia longifolia Triana & Planch.

$


 Rheedia macrophylla (C. Mart.) Planch. & Triana


Rheedia macrophylla (C. Mart.) Planch. & Triana = Garcinia macrophylla C. Mart.

Reference: D'Arcy, W.G., 1981: 1015; Hammel, B., 1989: 928. 


$


 Rheedia paniculata Donn. Sm.


Rheedia paniculata Donn. Sm. = Dystovomita paniculata (Engl.) Hammel

Reference: Hammel, B., 1989: 927. 


$


 Rheedia spruceana Engl.



Rheedia spruceana Engl.

Reference: Engler, A., 1878: 463. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Spruce 4484* (B photo F!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rhexia campanularis Bonpl.


Rhexia campanularis Bonpl. = Brachyotum campanulare (Bonpl.) Triana

Reference: FP 761: 266; Wurdack, J. J., 1980: 84. 


$


 Rhexia canescens Bonpl.


Rhexia canescens Bonpl. = Brachyotum ledifolium (Desr.) Triana

Reference: FP 761: 266. 
Note: NN  


$


 Rhexia cernua Bonpl.


Rhexia cernua Bonpl. = Brachyotum cernuum (Bonpl.) Triana

Reference: Wurdack, J. J., 1953: 385. 
Note: NN  


$


 Rhexia conferta Bonpl.


Rhexia conferta Bonpl. = Brachyotum confertum (Bonpl.) Triana

Reference: FP 761: 267; Wurdack, J. J., 1980: 92. 
Note: NN  


$


 Rhexia dicrananthera Ruiz & Pav.


Rhexia dicrananthera Ruiz & Pav. = Monochaetum dicranantherum (R. & P.) Naudin

Reference: FP 761: 300. 


$


 Rhexia divaricata Bonpl.


Rhexia divaricata Bonpl. = Pterogastra divaricata (Bonpl.) Naudin

Reference: FP 761: 277. 


$


 Rhexia diversifolia Bonpl.


Rhexia diversifolia Bonpl. = Arthrostemma ciliatum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 761: 260. 


$


 Rhexia echinata Ruiz & Pav.


Rhexia echinata Ruiz & Pav. = Tibouchina echinata (Ruiz & Pav.) Cogn.

Reference: FP 761: 285. 


$


 Rhexia excelsa Bonpl.


Rhexia excelsa Bonpl. = Meriania tomentosa (Cogn.) Wurdack

Reference: FP 761: 327. 


$


 Rhexia flexuosa Ruiz & Pav.


Rhexia flexuosa Ruiz & Pav. = Tibouchina longifolia var. longifolia 

Reference: FP 761: 288. 


$


 Rhexia glomerata Rottb.


Rhexia glomerata Rottb. = Pterolepis glomerata (Rottb.) Miq.

Reference: FP 761: 278. 


$


 Rhexia gracilis Kunth


Rhexia gracilis Kunth = Tibouchina gracilis (Kunth) Cogn.

Reference: FP 761: 286. 


$


 Rhexia indecora Bonpland


Rhexia indecora Bonpland = Aciotis indecora (Bonpland) Triana

Reference: FP 761: 298; Mathies, P. S., 1981: 75. 


$


 Rhexia lepidota Bonpl.


Rhexia lepidota Bonpl. = Tibouchina lepidota var. lepidota 

Reference: Todzia, C. A. & F. Almeda, 1991: 193. 


$


 Rhexia longifolia Vahl


Rhexia longifolia Vahl = Tibouchina longifolia var. longifolia 

Reference: FP 761: 288; Wurdack, J. J., 1980: 79. 


$


 Rhexia lutescens Ruiz & Pav.


Rhexia lutescens Ruiz & Pav. = Brachyotum lutescens (R. & P.) Triana

Reference: FP 761: 269; Wurdack, J. J., 1953: 400. 


$


 Rhexia mollis Bonpl.


Rhexia mollis Bonpl. = Tibouchina mollis (Bonpl.) Cogn.

Reference: FP 761: 289. 


$


 Rhexia ochypetala Ruiz & Pav.


Rhexia ochypetala Ruiz & Pav. = Tibouchina ochypetala (Ruiz & Pav.) Baill.

Reference: FP 761: 289; Wurdack, J. J., 1980: 70. 


$


 Rhexia polystachia Bonpl.


Rhexia polystachia Bonpl. = Aciotis polystachya (Bonpl.) Triana

Reference: FP 761: 298; Wurdack, J. J., 1980: 68. 


$


 Rhexia polystachya Bonpl.


Rhexia polystachya Bonpl. = ?  

Reference: FP 761: 298; Wurdack, J. J., 1980: 68. 


$


 Rhexia pumila Bonpl.


Rhexia pumila Bonpl. = Pterolepis trichotoma var. pumila (Bonpland) Renner, ined.

Reference: FP 761: 278; Wurdack, J. J., 1980: 81. 


$


 Rhexia quinquenervis Ruiz & Pav.


Rhexia quinquenervis Ruiz & Pav. = Brachyotum quinquenerve var. quinquenerve 

Reference: FP 761: 272. 


$


 Rhexia rosmarinifolia Ruiz & Pav.


Rhexia rosmarinifolia Ruiz & Pav. = Brachyotum rosmarinifolium (R. & P.) Triana

Reference: FP 761: 273; Wurdack, J. J., 1953: 397. 


$


 Rhexia stricta Bonpl.


Rhexia stricta Bonpl. = Brachyotum strigosum (L.f.) Triana

Reference: FP 761: 274. 


$


 Rhexia tenella Bonpl.


Rhexia tenella Bonpl. = ?  

Reference: FP 761: 259. 


$


 Rhigospira quadrangularis (M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Miers



Rhigospira quadrangularis (M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Miers

Synonyms: Rhigospira quadrangularis M&uuml;ll. Arg.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1343: 374; Spichiger, R., J. Meroz, P. Loizeau, & L. Stutz de Ortega, 1990: 426; Zarucchi, J. L., 1987: 81. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Huashikat 942 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto.


$


 Rhipidocladum harmonicum (Parodi) McClure



Rhipidocladum harmonicum (Parodi) McClure

Synonyms: Rhipidocladum harmonicum Parodi
Reference: McClure, F. A., 1973: 105; Clark, L. G. & X. Londo&ntilde;o, 1991: 1271. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: cloud forests, rocky slopes. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 3269* (US), Foster 7625 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco.


$


 Rhipidocladum parviflorum (Trin.) McClure



Rhipidocladum parviflorum (Trin.) McClure

Synonyms: Rhipidocladum parviflorum Trin.
Reference: McClure, F. A., 1973: 105; Clark, L. G. & X. Londo&ntilde;o, 1991: 1277. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 37736 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rhipidocladum racemiflorum (Steud.) McClure



Rhipidocladum racemiflorum (Steud.) McClure

Synonyms: Rhipidocladum racemiflorum Steud.
Reference: McClure, F. A., 1973: 106; Clark, L. G. & X. Londo&ntilde;o, 1991: 1278. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Smith et al. 1406 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rhipsalis asperula Vaupel


Rhipsalis asperula Vaupel = Lepismium micranthum (Vaupel) Barthlott

Reference: Hunt, D., 1992: 126. 


$


 Rhipsalis baccifera (Solander ex J. S. Miller) Stearn



Rhipsalis baccifera (Solander ex J. S. Miller) Stearn

Synonyms: Rhipsalis baccifera Gaertn., Rhipsalis baccifera Rauh & Backeb., Rhipsalis baccifera Solander ex J. S. Miller
Reference: Stearn, W. T., 1939: 107; Hunt, D., 1992: 127. 
Ecology: Native Epiphytic, scandent cactus. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Smith 6056 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Moquegua.


$


 Rhipsalis cassytha Gaertn.


Rhipsalis cassytha Gaertn. = Rhipsalis baccifera (Solander ex J. S. Miller) Stearn

Reference: Rauh, W., 1958: 228; Hunt, D., 1992: 127. 


$


 Rhipsalis heptagona Rauh & Backeb.


Rhipsalis heptagona Rauh & Backeb. = Rhipsalis baccifera (Solander ex J. S. Miller) Stearn

Reference: Backeberg, C., 1956: 10; Rauh, W., 1958: 228; Hunt, D., 1992: 127. 


$


 Rhipsalis hylaea F. Ritter



Rhipsalis hylaea F. Ritter

Reference: Ritter, F., 1981: 1261; Hunt, D., 1992: 127. 
Ecology: Endemic Epiphytic cactus. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Accepted provisionally by Hunt (1992).  
Voucher: Ritter 116* (U)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Rhipsalis micrantha (Kunth) DC.



Rhipsalis micrantha (Kunth) DC.

Synonyms: Rhipsalis micrantha (Kunth) Kuntze, Rhipsalis micrantha Barthlott, Rhipsalis micrantha Kunth
Reference: Rauh, W., 1958: 228; Ritter, F., 1981: 1261; Madsen, J. E., 1989: 68. 
Ecology: Native Epiphytic cactus. Andean I, Coastal: forests. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Humboldt & Bonpland s.n.* (P-H&B), Ritter 310 (U)
Departments: Cajamarca, Piura.


$


 Rhipsalis occidentalis Barthlott & Rauh



Rhipsalis occidentalis Barthlott & Rauh

Reference: Hunt, D., 1992: 128. 
Ecology: Native Epiphytic, scandent cactus. . 
Voucher: Rauh & Barthlott 35392* (HEID)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rhipsalis ramulosa (Salm-Dyck) Pfeiff.


Rhipsalis ramulosa (Salm-Dyck) Pfeiff. = Pseudorhipsalis ramulosa (Salm-Dyck) Barthlott

Reference: Kimnach, M., 1961: 14; Hunt, D., 1992: 128. 


$


 Rhipsalis rauhiorum Barthlott


Rhipsalis rauhiorum Barthlott = Rhipsalis micrantha (Kunth) DC.

Reference: Barthlott, W., 1974: 655; Hunt, D., 1992: 128. 


$


 Rhizocephalum brachysiphonium A. Zahlbruckner


Rhizocephalum brachysiphonium A. Zahlbruckner = Lysipomia brachysiphonia (A. Zahlbruckner) E. Wimm.

Reference: FP 1381: 484; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 752. 


$


 Rhizocephalum brachysiphonium var. brevifolium A. Zahlbruckner


Rhizocephalum brachysiphonium var. brevifolium A. Zahlbruckner = Lysipomia brachysiphonia var. brevifolia (A. Zahlbruckner) E. Wimm.

Reference: FP 1381: 484; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 751. 


$


 Rhizocephalum candollii var. ciliatum Wedd.


Rhizocephalum candollii var. ciliatum Wedd. = Lysipomia linearifolia E. Wimm.

Reference: FP 1381: 487; Wimmer, F. E., 1968: 900. 


$


 Rhizocephalum candollii var. laciniatum Wedd.


Rhizocephalum candollii var. laciniatum Wedd. = Lysipomia laciniata subsp. laciniata 

Reference: FP 1381: 486. 


$


 Rhizocephalum candollii var. vulgare Wedd.


Rhizocephalum candollii var. vulgare Wedd. = Lysipomia laciniata subsp. laciniata 

Reference: FP 1381: 486; Wimmer, F. E., 1968: 899. 


$


 Rhizocephalum gracilis E. Wimm.


Rhizocephalum gracilis E. Wimm. = Lysipomia gracilis (E. Wimmer) E. Wimm.

Reference: FP 1381: 485; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 753. 


$


 Rhizocephalum pumilum Wedd.


Rhizocephalum pumilum Wedd. = Lysipomia pumila (Weddell) E. Wimm.

Reference: FP 1381: 488; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 749. 


$


 Rhizocephalum subulatum (Benth.) Benth. & Hook. f.


Rhizocephalum subulatum (Benth.) Benth. & Hook. f. = Lysipomia laricina E. Wimm.

Reference: FP 1381: 486. 
Note: NN; nom. illeg.  


$


 Rhodocactus horridus (Kunth) F.M. Knuth


Rhodocactus horridus (Kunth) F.M. Knuth = Pereskia horrida DC.

Reference: Leuenberger, B. E., 1986: 67. 


$


 Rhodognaphalopsis brevipes Robyns


Rhodognaphalopsis brevipes Robyns = Pachira brevipes (Robyns) Alverson

Reference: Robyns, A., 1963: 287; Alverson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Rhodospatha amomifolia (Poepp.) J.F. Macbr.


Rhodospatha amomifolia (Poepp.) J.F. Macbr. = Stenospermation amomifolium (Poepp.) Schott

Reference: FP 853: 432. 


$


 Rhodospatha crassifolia (Engl.) J.F. Macbr.


Rhodospatha crassifolia (Engl.) J.F. Macbr. = Stenospermation crassifolium Engl.

Reference: FP 853: 432. 


$


 Rhodospatha flavescens (Engl.) J.F. Macbr.


Rhodospatha flavescens (Engl.) J.F. Macbr. = Stenospermation flavescens Engl.

Reference: FP 853: 433. 


$


 Rhodospatha latifolia Poepp.



Rhodospatha latifolia Poepp.

Reference: Flora Peru: 853: 433. 
Ecology: Native hemiepiphyte. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, riversides. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 3966 (F!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rhodospatha mathewsii (Schott) J.F. Macbr.


Rhodospatha mathewsii (Schott) J.F. Macbr. = Stenospermation mathewsii Schott

Reference: FP 853: 433. 


$



$


 Rhodospatha moritziana Schott



Rhodospatha moritziana Schott

Reference: Croat, T. B. & N. Lambert, 1986: 167. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 10824 (MO!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rhodospatha oblongata Poepp.



Rhodospatha oblongata Poepp.

Reference: Flora Peru: 853: 433; Croat, T. B. & N. Lambert, 1986: 167. 
Ecology: epiphytic or terrestrial herb, vine. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 10824 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rhodospatha spruceana (Schott) J.F. Macbr.


Rhodospatha spruceana (Schott) J.F. Macbr. = Stenospermation spruceanum Schott

Reference: FP 853: 434. 


$


 Rhodospatha weberbaueri (Engl.) J.F. Macbr.


Rhodospatha weberbaueri (Engl.) J.F. Macbr. = Stenospermation spruceanum Schott

Reference: FP 853: 434. 


$


 Rhodostemonodaphne dioica (Mez) Rohwer



Rhodostemonodaphne dioica (Mez) Rohwer

Synonyms: Rhodostemonodaphne dioica A.C. Sm., Rhodostemonodaphne dioica Mez
Reference: Rohwer, J. G., 1986: 84. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Rhodostemonodaphne grandis (Mez) Rohwer



Rhodostemonodaphne grandis (Mez) Rohwer

Synonyms: Rhodostemonodaphne grandis Mez
Reference: Rohwer, J. G., 1986: 84. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gr&aacute;ndez et al. 1611 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, Ucayali.


$


 Rhodostemonodaphne kunthiana (Nees) Rohwer



Rhodostemonodaphne kunthiana (Nees) Rohwer

Synonyms: Rhodostemonodaphne kunthiana Nees
Reference: Rohwer, J. G., 1986: 84. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Hartshorn et al. 2630 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco.


$


 Rhodostemonodaphne synandra van der Werff



Rhodostemonodaphne synandra van der Werff

Reference: Werff, H. van der, 1991: 422. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Lescano 2 (MAD!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Rhoeo discolor (L'Her.) Hance ex Walp.


Rhoeo discolor (L'Her.) Hance ex Walp. = Tradescantia spathacea Sw.

Reference: Faden, pers. comm.. 


$


 Rhoeo spathacea (Sw.) Stearn


Rhoeo spathacea (Sw.) Stearn = Tradescantia spathacea Sw.

Reference: Faden, pers. comm.. 


$


 Rhopalopodium cochlearifolium (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon ex DC.) Ulbrich


Rhopalopodium cochlearifolium (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon ex DC.) Ulbrich = Ranunculus macropetalus DC.

Reference: FP 1272: 658; Lourteig, A., 1956: 179. 


$


 Rhopalopodium flavum Ulbrich


Rhopalopodium flavum Ulbrich = Ranunculus krapfia var. lecheri (Schltdl.) Lourteig

Reference: FP 1272: 658; Lourteig, A., 1956: 179. 


$


 Rhopalopodium gusmanii (Humb. ex Caldas) Ulbrich


Rhopalopodium gusmanii (Humb. ex Caldas) Ulbrich = Ranunculus guzmannii Humb. ex Caldas

Reference: FP 1272: 658; Lourteig, A., 1956: 172. 


$


 Rhopalopodium haemanthum Ulbrich


Rhopalopodium haemanthum Ulbrich = Ranunculus haemanthus Ulbrich

Reference: FP 1272: 659; Lourteig, A., 1956: 180. 


$


 Rhopalopodium raimondii Ulbrich


Rhopalopodium raimondii Ulbrich = Ranunculus macropetalus DC.

Reference: FP 1272: 659; Lourteig, A., 1956: 164. 


$


 Rhopalopodium ranunculinum Ulbrich


Rhopalopodium ranunculinum Ulbrich = Ranunculus krapfia DC. ex Deless. var. krapfia 

Reference: FP 1272: 659; Lourteig, A., 1956: 176. 


$


 Rhopalopodium weberbaueri Ulbrich



Rhopalopodium weberbaueri Ulbrich

Reference: Flora Peru: 1272: 660; Lourteig, A., 1956: 168. 
Ecology. 4000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 3745* (G)
Departments: Ancash, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Rhopalostylis buettnerioides Klotzsch ex Baill.


Rhopalostylis buettnerioides Klotzsch ex Baill. = Dalechampia micrantha Poepp.

Reference: FP 674: 102. 


$


 Rhus juglandifolia Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.


Rhus juglandifolia Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. = Toxicodendron striatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze

Reference: FP 681: 155; Barfod, A. S., 1987: 45. 


$


 Rhus samo Tul.


Rhus samo Tul. = ?  

Reference: FP 681: 255; Mitchell, pers. comm.. 
Note: NN  


$


 Rhus striata Ruiz & Pav.


Rhus striata Ruiz & Pav. = Toxicodendron striatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze

Reference: FP 681: 255; Barfod, A. S., 1987: 45. 


$


 Rhynchanthera cordata DC.



Rhynchanthera cordata DC.

Reference: Renner, S. S., 1990: 619. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: grasslands. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Smith 2742 (MO!)
Departments: Pasco.


$


 Rhynchanthera dichotoma (Desr.) DC.



Rhynchanthera dichotoma (Desr.) DC.

Synonyms: Rhynchanthera dichotoma Desr., Rhynchanthera dichotoma Gleason, Rhynchanthera dichotoma Naudin
Reference: Renner, S. S., 1990: 615. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I-II: seasonally inundated areas. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra et al. 18249 (US!, USM!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rhynchanthera grandiflora (Aubl.) DC.



Rhynchanthera grandiflora (Aubl.) DC.

Synonyms: Rhynchanthera grandiflora Aubl., Rhynchanthera grandiflora DC., Rhynchanthera grandiflora Naudin
Reference: Renner, S. S., 1990: 625. 
Ecology: Native shrub, subshrub. Amazonian, Andean I-II: swamps. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 35254 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Piura, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rhynchanthera haenkeana DC.


Rhynchanthera haenkeana DC. = Rhynchanthera grandiflora (Aubl.) DC.

Reference: FP 761: 257; Renner, S. S., 1990: 625. 


$


 Rhynchanthera hookeri Naudin


Rhynchanthera hookeri Naudin = Rhynchanthera dichotoma (Desr.) DC.

Reference: FP 761: 257; Renner, S. S., 1990: 615. 


$


 Rhynchanthera matthaei Naudin


Rhynchanthera matthaei Naudin = Rhynchanthera grandiflora (Aubl.) DC.

Reference: FP 761: 257; Renner, S. S., 1990: 625. 


$


 Rhynchanthera williamsii Gleason


Rhynchanthera williamsii Gleason = Rhynchanthera dichotoma (Desr.) DC.

Reference: FP 761: 257; Renner, S. S., 1990: 615. 


$


 Rhynchelytrum repens (Willd.) C.E. Hubb.



Rhynchelytrum repens (Willd.) C.E. Hubb.

Synonyms: Rhynchelytrum repens (Nees) Stapf & C.E. Hubb., Rhynchelytrum repens (Willd.) Zizka, Rhynchelytrum repens Willd.
Reference: Tovar, O., 1986: 56; Judziewicz, E. J., 1990[1991]: 557. 
Ecology: Introduced herb. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, riversides. 0-3000 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui & Diestra 11479 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, La Libertad.


$


 Rhynchelytrum roseum (Nees) Stapf & C.E. Hubb.


Rhynchelytrum roseum (Nees) Stapf & C.E. Hubb. = Rhynchelytrum repens (Willd.) C.E. Hubb.

Reference: Judziewicz, E. J., 1990[1991]: 557. 


$


 Rhynchoglossum azureum (Schltdl.) B.L. Burtt



Rhynchoglossum azureum (Schltdl.) B.L. Burtt

Synonyms: Rhynchoglossum azureum (Fritsch) B.L. Burtt, Rhynchoglossum azureum (Fritsch) B.L. Burtt, Rhynchoglossum azureum Fritsch, Rhynchoglossum azureum Fritsch, Rhynchoglossum azureum Fritsch, Rhynchoglossum azureum R. Br., Rhynchoglossum azureum Schltdl.
Reference: Burtt, L., 1962: 168. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I: riversides. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Moore et al. 8599 (US!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Rhynchoglossum grandiflorum (Fritsch) B.L. Burtt


Rhynchoglossum grandiflorum (Fritsch) B.L. Burtt = Rhynchoglossum azureum (Schltdl.) B.L. Burtt

$


 Rhynchoglossum violaceum (Fritsch) B.L. Burtt


Rhynchoglossum violaceum (Fritsch) B.L. Burtt = Rhynchoglossum azureum (Schltdl.) B.L. Burtt

$


 Rhynchopera pedunculata (Rchb. f.) Klotzsch


Rhynchopera pedunculata (Rchb. f.) Klotzsch = Pleurothallis pedunculata (Klotzsch) Rchb. f.

Reference: Luer, pers. comm.. 
Note: NN  


$


 Rhynchosia apoloensis (Rusby) J.F. Macbr.


Rhynchosia apoloensis (Rusby) J.F. Macbr. = Rhynchosia edulis Griseb.

Reference: FP 21: 337; Grear, J. W., 1978: 32. 


$


 Rhynchosia crinita (Kunth) DC.


Rhynchosia crinita (Kunth) DC. = Eriosema crinitum (Kunth) G. Don var. crinitum 

Reference: Grear, J. W., 1970: 45; Lewis, G. P., 1987: 287. 


$


 Rhynchosia edulis Griseb.



Rhynchosia edulis Griseb.

Synonyms: Rhynchosia edulis (Griseb.) Burkart, Rhynchosia edulis (Rusby) J.F. Macbr., Rhynchosia edulis Rusby
Reference: Grear, J. W., 1978: 32. 
Ecology: Native herb, vine. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests, riversides. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Barbour 4249 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rhynchosia galactioides (Kunth) DC.


Rhynchosia galactioides (Kunth) DC. = Calopogonium galactioides (Kunth) Benth. ex Hemsl.

Reference: Carvalho-Okano, R. M. de & H. de H. Leitao Filho, 1985: 39. 


$


 Rhynchosia kuntzei Harms ex Kuntze


Rhynchosia kuntzei Harms ex Kuntze = Rhynchosia reticulata var. kuntzei (Kuntze) Grear

Reference: Grear, J. W., 1978: 116. 


$


 Rhynchosia mantaroensis J.F. Macbr.



Rhynchosia mantaroensis J.F. Macbr.

$


 Rhynchosia mantaroensis J.F. Macbr. var.mantaroensis



Rhynchosia mantaroensis J.F. Macbr. var. mantaroensis 

Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 337; Grear, J. W., 1978: 40. 
Ecology: Endemic vine. Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 7606* (F), Vargas 9623 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Apur&iacute;mac, Cuzco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Rhynchosia mantaroensis var.cuprinervia Grear



Rhynchosia mantaroensis var. cuprinervia Grear

Reference: Grear, J. W., 1978: 40. 
Ecology: Native liana, shrub. Andean II: rocky slopes, shrublands. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 5164* (MO!), Woytkowski 6851 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Cajamarca, Lambayeque, La Libertad.


$


 Rhynchosia melanocarpa Grear



Rhynchosia melanocarpa Grear

Reference: Grear, J. W., 1978: 43. 
Ecology: Native vine. Andean I: forests. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 6167 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC.



Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC.

Synonyms: Rhynchosia minima L.
Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 338; Grear, J. W., 1978: 76. 
Ecology: Native herb, vine. Amazonian, Andean I, Coastal: disturbed areas, forests, riversides. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 4371 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Ica, Lambayeque, Lima, La Libertad, Madre de Dios, Piura, San Mart&iacute;n, Tumbes.


$


 Rhynchosia phaseoloides (Sw.) DC.



Rhynchosia phaseoloides (Sw.) DC.

Synonyms: Rhynchosia phaseoloides Sw.
Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 338; Grear, J. W., 1978: 53. 
Ecology: Native vine. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests, rocky slopes. 0-1000 m. 
Note: Treated as a synonym under R. pyramidalis in the Flora of Peru.8  
Voucher: Woytkowski 6328 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Rhynchosia pyramidalis (Lam.) Urb.



Rhynchosia pyramidalis (Lam.) Urb.

Synonyms: Rhynchosia pyramidalis Lam.
Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 338; Grear, J. W., 1978: 47. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Neither of the two vouchers cited in the Flora of Peru, Killip & Smith 25201 and Macbride 5805, were treated by Grear (1978). 
Voucher: Ponce de Le&oacute;n s.n. (USM!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Rhynchosia reticulata (Sw.) DC.



Rhynchosia reticulata (Sw.) DC.

$


 Rhynchosia reticulata (Sw.) DC. var.reticulata



Rhynchosia reticulata (Sw.) DC. var. reticulata 

Synonyms: Rhynchosia reticulata reticulata (Sw.) Millsp., Rhynchosia reticulata reticulata Sw.
Reference: Grear, J. W., 1978: 113. 
Ecology: Native vine. Andean II: disturbed areas, shrublands. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 6782 (MO!)
Departments: Lambayeque.


$


 Rhynchosia reticulata var.kuntzei (Kuntze) Grear



Rhynchosia reticulata var. kuntzei (Kuntze) Grear

Synonyms: Rhynchosia reticulata kuntzei Harms ex Kuntze, Rhynchosia reticulata kuntzei Kuntze
Reference: Grear, J. W., 1978: 116. 
Ecology: Native vine. Andean I: disturbed areas, shrublands. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 5555 (MICH)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Rhynchosia rufa (Kunth) DC.


Rhynchosia rufa (Kunth) DC. = Eriosema rufum (Kunth) G. Don var. rufum 

Reference: Grear, J. W., 1970: 59; Lewis, G. P., 1987: 287. 


$


 Rhynchosia senna Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.



Rhynchosia senna Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.

$


 Rhynchosia senna var. angustifolia (A. Gray) Grear


Rhynchosia senna var. angustifolia (A. Gray) Grear = Rhynchosia senna var. texana (Torr. & A. Gray) M.C. Johnst.

Reference: Johnston, M. C., 1984: 474. 


$


 Rhynchosia senna var.texana (Torr. & A. Gray) M.C. Johnst.



Rhynchosia senna var. texana (Torr. & A. Gray) M.C. Johnst.

Synonyms: Rhynchosia senna var. texana (A. Gray) Grear, Rhynchosia senna var. texana A. Gray
Reference: Grear, J. W., 1978: 67; Johnston, M. C., 1984: 474. 
Ecology: Native vine. Andean II: disturbed areas, shrublands. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Gay s.n. (P)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Rhynchosia texana Torr. & A. Gray



Rhynchosia texana Torr. & A. Gray

Reference: Johnston, M. C., 1984: 474. 


$


 Rhynchosia texana var. angustifolia A. Gray


Rhynchosia texana var. angustifolia A. Gray = Rhynchosia senna var. texana (Torr. & A. Gray) M.C. Johnst.

Reference: Grear, J. W., 1978: 67; Johnston, M. C., 1984: 474. 


$


 Rhynchospora aberrans C.B. Clarke



Rhynchospora aberrans C.B. Clarke

Synonyms: Rhynchospora aberrans (C.B. Clarke) J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 735: 297; Kuekenthal, G., 1949: 455. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Rhynchospora alta Boeckl.


Rhynchospora alta Boeckl. = Rhynchospora globosa (Kunth) Roemer & Schultes

Reference: FP 735: 298; Kuekenthal, G., 1949: 463. 


$


 Rhynchospora amazonica Poepp. & Kunth



Rhynchospora amazonica Poepp. & Kunth

$


 Rhynchospora amazonica subsp.amazonica



Rhynchospora amazonica subsp. amazonica 

Synonyms: Rhynchospora amazonica amazonica (Poeppig & Kunth) J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 735: 298; Koyama, T., 1972: 28. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Croat 19920 (NY!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Rhynchospora aristata Boeckl.



Rhynchospora aristata Boeckl.

Reference: Thomas, W. W., 1992: 35. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: riversides. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Iltis et al. 1120 (NY!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Cuzco.


$


 Rhynchospora aurea Vahl


Rhynchospora aurea Vahl = Rhynchospora corymbosa (L.) Britton

Reference: FP 735: 299; Kuekenthal, G., 1949: 410. 


$


 Rhynchospora blepharophora (J. Presl & C. Presl) H. Pfeiff.



Rhynchospora blepharophora (J. Presl & C. Presl) H. Pfeiff.

Synonyms: Rhynchospora blepharophora (J. Presl & C. Presl) K&uuml;k., Rhynchospora blepharophora J. Presl & C. Presl, Rhynchospora blepharophora J. Presl & C. Presl, Rhynchospora blepharophora Poepp. & Kunth
Reference: Thomas, W. W., 1984: 66. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig s.n.* (PR), Schunke A75 (F!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco.


$


 Rhynchospora brasiliensis Boeckl.



Rhynchospora brasiliensis Boeckl.

Reference: Guaglianone, E. R., 1979: 284. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: disturbed areas. 1500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Wurdack 1394 (NY!)
Departments: Amazonas, Pasco.


$


 Rhynchospora brownii Roemer & Schultes



Rhynchospora brownii Roemer & Schultes

$


 Rhynchospora brownii subsp.americana Guagl.



Rhynchospora brownii subsp. americana Guagl.

Reference: Guaglianone, E. R., 1979: 272. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: grasslands. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 1452 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Rhynchospora brunnea Boeckl.



Rhynchospora brunnea Boeckl.

Synonyms: Rhynchospora brunnea (Boeckl.) J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 735: 298; Mueller, C., G. K. Mueller & P. Gutte, 1981: 339. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: disturbed areas. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Reported by Mueller et al. (1981) as D. brunnea. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Gutte & L&oacute;pez 3940 (LZ)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Rhynchospora cariciformis Nees



Rhynchospora cariciformis Nees

Synonyms: Rhynchospora cariciformis (Nees) J.F. Macbr., Rhynchospora cariciformis (Nees) K&uuml;k., Rhynchospora cariciformis Nees
Reference: Flora Peru: 735: 299; Koyama, T., 1972: 37. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ayala 1930? (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Rhynchospora cariciformis var. trichophora (Nees) K&uuml;k.


Rhynchospora cariciformis var. trichophora (Nees) K&uuml;k. = Rhynchospora cariciformis Nees

Reference: Koyama, T., 1972: 37. 


$


 Rhynchospora cephalotes (L.) Vahl



Rhynchospora cephalotes (L.) Vahl

Synonyms: Rhynchospora cephalotes L.
Reference: Koyama, T., 1972: 38. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Croat 19904 (F!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Rhynchospora ciliata K&uuml;k.


Rhynchospora ciliata K&uuml;k. = Rhynchospora nervosa subsp. ciliata T. Koyama

Reference: FP 735: 299; Kuekenthal, G., 1950: 295. 


$


 Rhynchospora corymbosa (L.) Britton



Rhynchospora corymbosa (L.) Britton

Synonyms: Rhynchospora corymbosa (L.) J.F. Macbr., Rhynchospora corymbosa L., Rhynchospora corymbosa Vahl
Reference: Flora Peru: 735: 299; Kuekenthal, G., 1949: 410. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I-II: riversides. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 15753 (F!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rhynchospora dissitiflora Steudel ex Boekeler



Rhynchospora dissitiflora Steudel ex Boekeler

Synonyms: Rhynchospora dissitiflora (Steudel ex Boekeler) J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 735: 300; Kuekenthal, G., 1949: 448; Koyama, T., 1972: 44. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: riversides. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Lechler 2525a* (B), Mexia 7767 (NY!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Rhynchospora exaltata Kunth



Rhynchospora exaltata Kunth

Synonyms: Rhynchospora exaltata (Kunth) J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 735: 300; Kuekenthal, G., 1949: 438. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I: disturbed areas. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 23883 (NY!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Rhynchospora ferruginea Roemer & Schultes


Rhynchospora ferruginea Roemer & Schultes = Rhynchospora rugosa (Vahl) Gale

Reference: FP 735: 300; Kuekenthal, G., 1950: 144. 


$


 Rhynchospora glauca Vahl


Rhynchospora glauca Vahl = Rhynchospora rugosa (Vahl) Gale

Reference: FP 735: 300; Guaglianone, E. R., 1979: 261. 


$


 Rhynchospora globosa (Kunth) Roemer & Schultes



Rhynchospora globosa (Kunth) Roemer & Schultes

Synonyms: Rhynchospora globosa (Boeckl.) J.F. Macbr., Rhynchospora globosa (Kunth) Roemer & Schultes, Rhynchospora globosa Boeckl., Rhynchospora globosa Kunth, Rhynchospora globosa Kunth
Reference: Flora Peru: 735: 298; Kuekenthal, G., 1949: 462. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II: disturbed areas, riversides. 500-2000 m. 
Voucher: L&oacute;pez et al. 6698 (NY!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Pasco, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rhynchospora hassleri C.B. Clarke



Rhynchospora hassleri C.B. Clarke

Reference: Thomas, W. W., 1992: 43. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: McDaniel 19486 (NY!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Rhynchospora killipii R. Gross



Rhynchospora killipii R. Gross

Synonyms: Rhynchospora killipii (R. Gross) J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 735: 301; Kuekenthal, G., 1949: 407. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean I-II: forests. 1000-2000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   Kukenthal (1949) lists this as an uncertain taxon. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 25566* (US)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Rhynchospora kuekenthalii H. Pfeiff.


Rhynchospora kuekenthalii H. Pfeiff. = Rhynchospora kuntzei C.B. Clarke

Reference: FP 735: 302; Kuekenthal, G., 1949: 391. 


$


 Rhynchospora kunthii Nees ex Kunth



Rhynchospora kunthii Nees ex Kunth

Reference: Thomas, W. W., 1992: 29. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II: grasslands. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Smith & Canne 5761 (MO!)
Departments: Pasco.


$


 Rhynchospora kuntzei C.B. Clarke



Rhynchospora kuntzei C.B. Clarke

Synonyms: Rhynchospora kuntzei (C.B. Clarke) J.F. Macbr., Rhynchospora kuntzei (C.B. Clarke) K&uuml;k., Rhynchospora kuntzei (H. Pfeiff.) J.F. Macbr., Rhynchospora kuntzei H. Pfeiff., Rhynchospora kuntzei K&uuml;k.
Reference: Flora Peru: 735: 302; Kuekenthal, G., 1949: 391. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 5840 (MO!)
Departments: Madre de Dios.


$


 Rhynchospora lechleri Steud. ex Boeckl.


Rhynchospora lechleri Steud. ex Boeckl. = Rhynchospora vulcani Boeckl.

Reference: FP 735: 302; Thomas, W. W., 1992: 35. 


$


 Rhynchospora locuples C.B. Clarke



Rhynchospora locuples C.B. Clarke

Synonyms: Rhynchospora locuples (C.B. Clarke) J.F. Macbr., Rhynchospora locuples (C.B. Clarke) K&uuml;k.
Reference: Flora Peru: 735: 302; Kuekenthal, G., 1949: 398; Thomas, W. W., 1992: 35. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: cloud forests, disturbed areas, grasslands. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Barbour 3414 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Rhynchospora longa (Lindmann) H. Pfeiff.



Rhynchospora longa (Lindmann) H. Pfeiff.

Synonyms: Rhynchospora longa Lindmann
Reference: Thomas, W. W., 1984: 70. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: disturbed areas, riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Barbour 5260 (MO!)
Departments: Madre de Dios.


$


 Rhynchospora macrochaeta fo.condensata K&uuml;k.



Rhynchospora macrochaeta fo. condensata K&uuml;k.

Reference: Kuekenthal, G., 1949: 394. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Voucher: Raimondi 11228 
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Rhynchospora macrochaeta Steud. ex Boeckl.



Rhynchospora macrochaeta Steud. ex Boeckl.

Synonyms: Rhynchospora macrochaeta (Steud. ex Boeckl.) J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 735: 303; Kuekenthal, G., 1949: 392. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: grasslands. 2500-3500 m. 
Note: Based on material not determined to forma. 
Voucher: Lechler 1819* (B), Woytkowski 48 (NY!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Puno.


$


 Rhynchospora macrochaeta var. ruiziana (Boeckl.) K&uuml;k.


Rhynchospora macrochaeta var. ruiziana (Boeckl.) K&uuml;k. = Rhynchospora ruiziana Boeckl.

Reference: FP 735: 304; Kuekenthal, G., 1949: 393. 


$


 Rhynchospora macrochaeta var.triceps (Boeckl.) K&uuml;k.



Rhynchospora macrochaeta var. triceps (Boeckl.) K&uuml;k.

Synonyms: Rhynchospora macrochaeta triceps Boeckl., Rhynchospora macrochaeta var. triceps (Boeckl.) J.F. Macbr., Rhynchospora macrochaeta var. triceps (Boeckl.) Schumacher ex C.B. Clarke
Reference: Kuekenthal, G., 1949: 394. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II: disturbed areas. 1500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz s.n.* (B photo F), Weberbauer 2255 
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Rhynchospora mandonii C.B. Clarke



Rhynchospora mandonii C.B. Clarke

Synonyms: Rhynchospora mandonii (C.B. Clarke) J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 735: 303; Kuekenthal, G., 1949: 406. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   
Voucher: Schunke 7623 (HUT)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rhynchospora marisculus Nees



Rhynchospora marisculus Nees

Synonyms: Rhynchospora marisculus (C.B. Clarke) J.F. Macbr., Rhynchospora marisculus C.B. Clarke
Reference: Kuekenthal, G., 1950: 137. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Voucher: Weberbauer 4765 


$


 Rhynchospora nervosa (Vahl) Boeckl.



Rhynchospora nervosa (Vahl) Boeckl.

$


 Rhynchospora nervosa (Vahl) Boeckl. subsp.nervosa



Rhynchospora nervosa (Vahl) Boeckl. subsp. nervosa 

Synonyms: Rhynchospora nervosa nervosa Vahl
Reference: Thomas, W. W., 1984: 89. 
Ecology: Native aquatic or terrestrial herb. Andean I: disturbed areas, savannas, swamps. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Mexia 8225 (NY!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Rhynchospora nervosa subsp.ciliata T. Koyama



Rhynchospora nervosa subsp. ciliata T. Koyama

Synonyms: Rhynchospora nervosa ciliata K&uuml;k., Rhynchospora nervosa ciliata Vahl
Reference: Thomas, W. W., 1984: 96. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   No Peruvian specimens are cited by Thomas (1984). 


$


 Rhynchospora nervosa var. blepharophora (J. Presl & C. Presl) K&uuml;k.


Rhynchospora nervosa var. blepharophora (J. Presl & C. Presl) K&uuml;k. = Rhynchospora blepharophora (J. Presl & C. Presl) H. Pfeiff.

Reference: Thomas, W. W., 1984: 66. 


$


 Rhynchospora polyantha Steud.



Rhynchospora polyantha Steud.

$


 Rhynchospora polyphylla Vahl



Rhynchospora polyphylla Vahl

Synonyms: Rhynchospora polyphylla (Vahl) J.F. Macbr., Rhynchospora polyphylla Vahl
Reference: Kuekenthal, G., 1949: 405. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I: disturbed areas. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Smith et al. 5244 (F!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lambayeque, La Libertad, Piura, Pasco.


$


 Rhynchospora polystachys (Turrill) H. Pfeiff.



Rhynchospora polystachys (Turrill) H. Pfeiff.

Synonyms: Rhynchospora polystachys Turrill
Reference: Thomas, W. W., 1984: 71. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II: disturbed areas, riversides. 500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 7916 (NY!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rhynchospora pubera (Vahl) Boeckl.



Rhynchospora pubera (Vahl) Boeckl.

Synonyms: Rhynchospora pubera Vahl
Reference: Thomas, W. W., 1984: 47. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II: disturbed areas. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 6179 (MO!)
Departments: Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rhynchospora radicans (Schltdl. & Cham.) H. Pfeiff.



Rhynchospora radicans (Schltdl. & Cham.) H. Pfeiff.

$


 Rhynchospora radicans subsp.microcephala (Bertero ex Sprengel) W. Thomas



Rhynchospora radicans subsp. microcephala (Bertero ex Sprengel) W. Thomas

Synonyms: Rhynchospora radicans microcephala Bertero ex Sprengel
Reference: Thomas, W. W., 1984: 60. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: disturbed areas, riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 4618 (NY!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rhynchospora radicans subsp.radicans



Rhynchospora radicans subsp. radicans 

Synonyms: Rhynchospora radicans radicans Schltdl. & Cham.
Reference: Thomas, W. W., 1984: 57. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, riversides. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 37862 (MO!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rhynchospora rugosa (Vahl) Gale



Rhynchospora rugosa (Vahl) Gale

Synonyms: Rhynchospora rugosa (Vahl) J.F. Macbr., Rhynchospora rugosa Roemer & Schultes, Rhynchospora rugosa Vahl, Rhynchospora rugosa Vahl
Reference: Guaglianone, E. R., 1979: 261. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Croat 18297 (MO!), Wurdack 1297 (F!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Pasco, Piura, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rhynchospora ruiziana Boeckl.



Rhynchospora ruiziana Boeckl.

Synonyms: Rhynchospora ruiziana (Boeckl.) J.F. Macbr., Rhynchospora ruiziana (Boeckl.) K&uuml;k.
Reference: Thomas, W. W., 1992: 34. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II: disturbed areas. 1000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz s.n.* (B photo F), Le&oacute;n & Young 1562 (F!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rhynchospora ruiziana var. triceps (Boeckl.) Schumacher ex C.B. Clarke


Rhynchospora ruiziana var. triceps (Boeckl.) Schumacher ex C.B. Clarke = Rhynchospora macrochaeta var. triceps (Boeckl.) K&uuml;k.

Reference: FP 735: 305; Kuekenthal, G., 1949: 394. 


$


 Rhynchospora schiedeana Kunth



Rhynchospora schiedeana Kunth

Reference: Kuekenthal, G., 1949: 397. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: disturbed areas. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 1944 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Rhynchospora schiedeana var. locuples (C.B. Clarke) K&uuml;k.


Rhynchospora schiedeana var. locuples (C.B. Clarke) K&uuml;k. = Rhynchospora locuples C.B. Clarke

Reference: Kuekenthal, G., 1949: 398. 


$


 Rhynchospora semiinvolucrata J. Presl & C. Presl



Rhynchospora semiinvolucrata J. Presl & C. Presl

Synonyms: Rhynchospora semiinvolucrata (J. Presl & C. Presl) J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 735: 305; Kuekenthal, G., 1951: 312. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   Kuekenthal (1952) lists this as a doubtful species. 


$


 Rhynchospora spicata Sprengel


Rhynchospora spicata Sprengel = Scleria spicata (Sprengel) J.F. Macbr.

Reference: FP 735: 305. 


$


 Rhynchospora triceps Boeckl.


Rhynchospora triceps Boeckl. = Rhynchospora macrochaeta var. triceps (Boeckl.) K&uuml;k.

Reference: FP 735: 305; Kuekenthal, G., 1949: 394. 


$


 Rhynchospora trichophora Nees


Rhynchospora trichophora Nees = Rhynchospora cariciformis Nees

Reference: FP 735: 299. 


$


 Rhynchospora uleana K&uuml;k.


Rhynchospora uleana K&uuml;k. = Rhynchospora kuntzei C.B. Clarke

Reference: FP 735: 302; Kuekenthal, G., 1949: 391. 


$


 Rhynchospora umbraticola Poepp. & Kunth



Rhynchospora umbraticola Poepp. & Kunth

Synonyms: Rhynchospora umbraticola (Poepp. & Kunth) J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 735: 305; Kuekenthal, G., 1949: 390. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig s.n.* (B photo F), Killip & Smith 27765 (NY!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Rhynchospora umbraticola var. kuntzei (C.B. Clarke) K&uuml;k.


Rhynchospora umbraticola var. kuntzei (C.B. Clarke) K&uuml;k. = Rhynchospora kuntzei C.B. Clarke

Reference: Kuekenthal, G., 1949: 391. 


$


 Rhynchospora vulcani Boeckl.



Rhynchospora vulcani Boeckl.

Synonyms: Rhynchospora vulcani (Steud. ex Boeckl.) J.F. Macbr., Rhynchospora vulcani Steud. ex Boeckl.
Reference: Thomas, W. W., 1992: 35. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: disturbed areas. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Plowman & Rury 11131 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Rhynchospora weberbaueri C.B. Clarke


Rhynchospora weberbaueri C.B. Clarke = Rhynchospora marisculus Nees

Reference: FP 735: 305. 


$


 Rhynchotheca diversifolia Kunth


Rhynchotheca diversifolia Kunth = Rhynchotheca spinosa Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 641: 541; Knuth, R., 1912: 550. 


$


 Rhynchotheca integrifolia Kunth


Rhynchotheca integrifolia Kunth = Rhynchotheca spinosa Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 641: 541; Knuth, R., 1912: 550. 


$


 Rhynchotheca spinosa Ruiz & Pav.



Rhynchotheca spinosa Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Rhynchotheca spinosa Kunth, Rhynchotheca spinosa Kunth, Rhynchotheca spinosa Turcz.
Reference: Flora Peru: 641: 541; Knuth, R., 1912: 549; Herrera, F. L., 1941: 281. 
Ecology: Native subshrub. Andean II: lomas, shrublands. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Ferreyra 6611 (USM!)
Departments: Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Piura, Puno.


$


 Rhytiglossa acuminata Nees


Rhytiglossa acuminata Nees = Justicia comata (L.) Lam.

Reference: Graham, V. A. W., 1988: 618. 


$


 Rhytiglossa acuminatissima Miq.


Rhytiglossa acuminatissima Miq. = Justicia calycina (Nees) V.A.W. Wassell

$


 Rhytiglossa cuspidulata Nees, nom. rejic.


Rhytiglossa cuspidulata Nees, nom. rejic. = Justicia cuspidutata (Nees, nom. rejic.) Wassh.

Reference: Wasshausen, pers. comm.. 
Note: nom. rijic.  


$


 Rhytiglossa hookeriana Nees


Rhytiglossa hookeriana Nees = Dicliptera hookeriana Nees

Reference: Wasshausen, pers. comm.. 


$


 Rhytiglossa laevilinguis Nees


Rhytiglossa laevilinguis Nees = Justicia laevilinguis (Nees) Lindau

$


 Rhytiglossa lineolata (R. & P.) Nees


Rhytiglossa lineolata (R. & P.) Nees = ?  

$


 Rhytiglossa ruiziana Nees


Rhytiglossa ruiziana Nees = ?  

$


 Rhytiglossa tenuiflora (R. & P.) Nees


Rhytiglossa tenuiflora (R. & P.) Nees = ?  

$


 Ribes albifolium Ruiz & Pav.



Ribes albifolium Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Ribes albifolium Spach
Reference: Flora Peru: 628: 1019. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. . 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA photo F!), N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 8343 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Ribes bolivianum Janczewski



Ribes bolivianum Janczewski

Reference: Flora Peru: 628: 1019. 
Ecology. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Hoogte 1873 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Puno.


$


 Ribes brachybotrys (Wedd.) Janczewski



Ribes brachybotrys (Wedd.) Janczewski

Synonyms: Ribes brachybotrys Janczewski, Ribes brachybotrys Wedd.
Reference: Flora Peru: 628: 1019. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean II-III: forests, rocky slopes. 2500- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Weddell 4389* (P photo F!), Vargas 374 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Puno.


$


 Ribes cuneifolium Ruiz & Pav.



Ribes cuneifolium Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Flora Peru: 628: 1020. 
Ecology. 3500- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (G photo F!), Stein 1996 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, La Libertad.


$


 Ribes dombeyanum Spach


Ribes dombeyanum Spach = Ribes viscosum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 628: 1024. 


$


 Ribes elegans Janczewski



Ribes elegans Janczewski

Reference: Flora Peru: 628: 1020. 
Ecology. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 3306* (B photo F!), D&iacute;az 3003 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Lambayeque, Piura.


$


 Ribes glandulosum Ruiz & Pav.


Ribes glandulosum Ruiz & Pav. = Ribes viscosum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 628: 1024. 


$


 Ribes hirticaule J.F. Macbr.



Ribes hirticaule J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 628: 1021. 
Ecology: Endemic Andean II: shrublands. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 7529* (F)
Departments: Ayacucho.


$


 Ribes incarnatum Wedd.



Ribes incarnatum Wedd.

Reference: Flora Peru: 628: 1021. 
Ecology. 2500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Weddell s.n.* , Vargas 2250 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Pasco.


$


 Ribes incertum J.F. Macbr.



Ribes incertum J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 628: 1021. 
Ecology. 4000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 2493* (F), Weberbauer 7226 
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Ribes macrobotrys Ruiz & Pav.



Ribes macrobotrys Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Ribes macrobotrys Spach
Reference: Flora Peru: 628: 1022. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, forests, rocky slopes. 3000-4000 m. 
Note: This taxon may include more than one species.  
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* , Smith 6133 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco.


$


 Ribes macrostachyum Jancz.



Ribes macrostachyum Jancz.

Reference: Flora Peru: 628: 1022. 
Ecology. 4000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Mathews s.n.* (G photo F!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash.


$


 Ribes ovalifolium Janczewski



Ribes ovalifolium Janczewski

Reference: Flora Peru: 628: 1022. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean III: forests. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 2771* (B photo F!), Gentry 21637 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Lima.


$


 Ribes pentlandii Britton



Ribes pentlandii Britton

Reference: Flora Peru: 628: 1023. 
Voucher: Mathews s.n. (K)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Ribes peruvianum Jancz.



Ribes peruvianum Jancz.

Reference: Flora Peru: 628: 1023. 
Ecology. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 3723* (B), West 8101 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Lima, La Libertad.


$


 Ribes praecox J.F. Macbr.



Ribes praecox J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 628: 1023. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 2251* (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Ribes sucheziense Janczewski


Ribes sucheziense Janczewski = Ribes brachybotrys (Wedd.) Janczewski

Reference: FP 628: 1019. 


$


 Ribes viscosum Ruiz & Pav.



Ribes viscosum Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Ribes viscosum Ruiz & Pav., Ribes viscosum Spach, Ribes viscosum Spach
Reference: Flora Peru: 628: 1024. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II-III: shrublands. 3000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Dombey 720* (G photo F!), Smith 9265 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Pasco.


$


 Ribes viscosum var. brachybotrys Wedd.


Ribes viscosum var. brachybotrys Wedd. = Ribes brachybotrys (Wedd.) Janczewski

Reference: FP 628: 1019. 


$


 Ribes weberbaueri Janczewski



Ribes weberbaueri Janczewski

Reference: Flora Peru: 628: 1025. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean III: elfin forests, grasslands, rocky slopes, shrublands. 3500- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 4064* (B photo F!), Smith 11573 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, La Libertad.


$


 Richardella glomerata (Miq.) Baehni var. glomerata


Richardella glomerata (Miq.) Baehni var. glomerata = Pouteria glomerata (Miq.) Radlk. subsp. glomerata 

Reference: FP 1297: 173; Pennington, T. D., 1990: 419. 


$


 Richardella glomerata var. glabrescens Huber


Richardella glomerata var. glabrescens Huber = Pouteria glomerata (Miq.) Radlk. subsp. glomerata 

Reference: FP 1297: 174; Pennington, T. D., 1990: 419. 


$


 Richardella lucuma (Ruiz & Pav.) Aubr&eacute;v.


Richardella lucuma (Ruiz & Pav.) Aubr&eacute;v. = Pouteria lucuma (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze

Reference: FP 1297: 161; Pennington, T. D., 1990: 383. 


$


 Richardella macrophylla (Lam.) Aubr&eacute;v.


Richardella macrophylla (Lam.) Aubr&eacute;v. = Pouteria macrophylla (Lam.) Eyma

Reference: FP 1297: 174; Pennington, T. D., 1990: 376. 


$


 Richardella rivicoa (Gaertn.f.) Pierre


Richardella rivicoa (Gaertn.f.) Pierre = Pouteria macrophylla (Lam.) Eyma

Reference: FP 1297: 174; Pennington, T. D., 1990: 375. 


$


 Richardia brasiliensis Gomes



Richardia brasiliensis Gomes

Synonyms: Richardia brasiliensis (A. St. Hilaire) Schultes f., Richardia brasiliensis A. St. Hilaire
Reference: Lewis, W. H. & R. L. Oliver, 1974: 276. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I: disturbed areas. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Ch&aacute;vez 482 (F!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Cuzco.


$


 Richardia coldenioides Rusby



Richardia coldenioides Rusby

Synonyms: Richardia coldenioides (Krause) Standl., Richardia coldenioides Krause
Reference: Lewis, W. H. & R. L. Oliver, 1974: 298. 
Ecology. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 5502* (B photo MO), Iltis et al. 1022 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco.


$


 Richardia humistrata (Cham. & Schltdl.) Steud.



Richardia humistrata (Cham. & Schltdl.) Steud.

Synonyms: Richardia humistrata Cham. & Schltdl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 244; Lewis, W. H. & R. L. Oliver, 1974: 291. 
Note: Not knowm from or expected in Peru; reported in error.  


$


 Richardia lomensis (Krause) Standl.



Richardia lomensis (Krause) Standl.

Synonyms: Richardia lomensis Krause
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 244; Lewis, W. H. & R. L. Oliver, 1974: 280. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Coastal: desert. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 1542* (B photo F), Ferreyra 6401 (K)
Departments: Arequipa.


$


 Richardia rigidifolia (Krause) Standl.


Richardia rigidifolia (Krause) Standl. = Richardia coldenioides Rusby

Reference: FP 1365: 245; Lewis, W. H. & R. L. Oliver, 1974: 298. 


$


 Richardia rosea (A. St. Hilaire) Schultes f.


Richardia rosea (A. St. Hilaire) Schultes f. = Richardia brasiliensis Gomes

Reference: FP 1365: 245; Lewis, W. H. & R. L. Oliver, 1974: 279. 


$


 Richardia scabra L.



Richardia scabra L.

Synonyms: Richardia scabra (L.) A. St. Hilaire
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 245; Lewis, W. H. & R. L. Oliver, 1974: 282. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests, riversides. 500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 9757 (F!)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Piura, Tumbes.


$


 Richardsonia humistrata Cham. & Schltdl.


Richardsonia humistrata Cham. & Schltdl. = Richardia humistrata (Cham. & Schltdl.) Steud.

Reference: FP 1365: 244; Lewis, W. H. & R. L. Oliver, 1974: 291. 
Note: NN  


$


 Richardsonia lomensis Krause


Richardsonia lomensis Krause = Richardia lomensis (Krause) Standl.

Reference: FP 1365: 244; Lewis, W. H. & R. L. Oliver, 1974: 280. 


$


 Richardsonia rigidifolia Krause


Richardsonia rigidifolia Krause = Richardia coldenioides Rusby

Reference: FP 1365: 245; Lewis, W. H. & R. L. Oliver, 1974: 298. 


$


 Richardsonia rosea A. St. Hilaire


Richardsonia rosea A. St. Hilaire = Richardia brasiliensis Gomes

Reference: FP 1365: 245; Lewis, W. H. & R. L. Oliver, 1974: 279. 


$


 Richardsonia scabra (L.) A. St. Hilaire


Richardsonia scabra (L.) A. St. Hilaire = Richardia scabra L.

Reference: FP 1365: 245; Lewis, W. H. & R. L. Oliver, 1974: 282. 


$


 Richeria grandis var.grandis



Richeria grandis var. grandis 

Synonyms: Richeria grandis grandis Poepp., Richeria grandis grandis Wedd. ex Baill.
Reference: Flora Peru: 674: 48; Secco, R. S., 1990: 145. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean II: forests. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 8191 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto.


$


 Richeria submembranacea Steyerm.



Richeria submembranacea Steyerm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 674: 49. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Ricinus communis L.



Ricinus communis L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 674: 114; Herrera, F. L., 1941: 290. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Rimachi 3826 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto.


$


 Ridolfia segetum (L.) Moris



Ridolfia segetum (L.) Moris

Synonyms: Ridolfia segetum (L.) C. Presl, Ridolfia segetum L.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1293: 92. 
Ecology: Introduced herb. Andean I-II: disturbed areas. 500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Asplund 13466 (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Riedleia multiflora Presl


Riedleia multiflora Presl = Melochia mollis (Kunth) Triana & Planch.

Reference: Dorr, pers. comm.. 


$


 Riedleia thymifolia Presl


Riedleia thymifolia Presl = Melochia thymifolia (Presl) Goldberg

Reference: Goldberg, A., 1967: 267. 


$


 Rigidella macbridei R. Foster


Rigidella macbridei R. Foster = Mastigostyla macbridei (R. Foster) Ravenna

Reference: Ravenna, P., 1964: 56. 


$


 Rinorea apiculata Hekking



Rinorea apiculata Hekking

Reference: Hekking, W. H. A., 1988: 39. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 7356* (MO), Croat 21202 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Rinorea brevipes (Benth.) S.F. Blake



Rinorea brevipes (Benth.) S.F. Blake

Synonyms: Rinorea brevipes Benth.
Reference: Hekking, W. H. A., 1988: 98. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Spruce s.n. (K)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rinorea falcata (C. Martius ex Eichler) Kuntze



Rinorea falcata (C. Martius ex Eichler) Kuntze

Synonyms: Rinorea falcata C. Martius ex Eichler
Reference: Flora Peru: 729: 58; Baehni, C. & R. Weibel, 1941: 193; Hekking, W. H. A., 1988: 121. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry 61972 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rinorea flavescens (Aubl.) Kuntze



Rinorea flavescens (Aubl.) Kuntze

Synonyms: Rinorea flavescens Aubl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 729: 59; Hekking, W. H. A., 1988: 116. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez 9266 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rinorea guianensis Aubl.



Rinorea guianensis Aubl.

Reference: Hekking, W. H. A., 1988: 63. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry 15845 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Rinorea juruana Ule


Rinorea juruana Ule = Rinorea viridifolia Rusby

Reference: FP 729: 59; Hekking, W. H. A., 1988: 84. 


$


 Rinorea lindeniana (Tul.) Kuntze



Rinorea lindeniana (Tul.) Kuntze

Synonyms: Rinorea lindeniana (Tul.) Eichler, Rinorea lindeniana Tul., Rinorea lindeniana Ule
Reference: Flora Peru: 729: 60; Hekking, W. H. A., 1988: 135. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz 1180 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Rinorea macrocarpa (C. Martius ex Eichler) Kuntze



Rinorea macrocarpa (C. Martius ex Eichler) Kuntze

Synonyms: Rinorea macrocarpa C. Martius ex Eichler
Reference: Flora Peru: 729: 60; Hekking, W. H. A., 1988: 80. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ayala 2713 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Rinorea micrantha Ule


Rinorea micrantha Ule = Rinorea lindeniana (Tul.) Kuntze

Reference: FP 729: 60; Hekking, W. H. A., 1988: 121. 


$


 Rinorea neglecta Sandwith



Rinorea neglecta Sandwith

Reference: Hekking, W. H. A., 1988: 147. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Gentry 27915 (sterile), the only collection Hekking reported from Peru, may be Rinorea lindeniana. 
Voucher: Gentry 27915 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Rinorea paniculata (C. Martius) Kuntze



Rinorea paniculata (C. Martius) Kuntze

Reference: Hekking, W. H. A., 1988: 70. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez 11377 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Rinorea passoura Kuntze


Rinorea passoura Kuntze = Rinorea pubiflora fo. pubiflora 

Reference: FP 729: 61; Hekking, W. H. A., 1988: 103. 


$


 Rinorea pubiflora (Benth.) Sprague & Sandwith



Rinorea pubiflora (Benth.) Sprague & Sandwith

$


 Rinorea pubiflora (Benth.) Sprague & Sandwith var. pubiflora


Rinorea pubiflora (Benth.) Sprague & Sandwith var. pubiflora = Rinorea pubiflora fo. pubiflora 

Reference: Hekking, W. H. A., 1988: 103. 


$


 Rinorea pubiflora fo.grandifolia (Eichler) Hekking



Rinorea pubiflora fo. grandifolia (Eichler) Hekking

Synonyms: Rinorea pubiflora fo. grandifolia Eichler
Reference: Hekking, W. H. A., 1988: 109. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: D&iacute;az & Jaramillo 1548 (MO)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rinorea racemosa (C. Martius) Kuntze



Rinorea racemosa (C. Martius) Kuntze

Synonyms: Rinorea racemosa Mart.
Reference: Flora Peru: 729: 61; Hekking, W. H. A., 1988: 173. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ayala 485 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Rinorea sprucei (Eichler) Kuntze



Rinorea sprucei (Eichler) Kuntze

Synonyms: Rinorea sprucei Eichler
Reference: Hekking, W. H. A., 1988: 175. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Pipoly et al. 15021 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Rinorea viridifolia Rusby



Rinorea viridifolia Rusby

Synonyms: Rinorea viridifolia Ule
Reference: Flora Peru: 729: 62; Hekking, W. H. A., 1988: 84. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree, treelet. Amazonian, Andean I: seasonally inundated areas, terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: van der Werff 8647 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Rinoreocarpus salmoneus Ducke


Rinoreocarpus salmoneus Ducke = Rinoreocarpus ulei (Melch.) Ducke

Reference: FP 729: 62; Hekking, W. H. A., 1988: 183. 


$


 Rinoreocarpus ulei (Melch.) Ducke



Rinoreocarpus ulei (Melch.) Ducke

Synonyms: Rinoreocarpus ulei Ducke, Rinoreocarpus ulei Melch.
Reference: Flora Peru: 729: 62; Hekking, W. H. A., 1988: 183. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry 57988 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Riqueuria avenia Ruiz & Pav.



Riqueuria avenia Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 261. 
Note: This is not Rubiaceae; its identity is not yet established. 


$


 Rittera simplex (Sw.) Vahl


Rittera simplex (Sw.) Vahl = Swartzia simplex (Sw.) Spreng. var. simplex 

Reference: Cowan, R. S., 1968: 174. 


$


 Rittera triphylla Sw. ex Steud.


Rittera triphylla Sw. ex Steud. = Swartzia arborescens (Aubl.) Pittier

Reference: FP 21: 223. 


$


 Rivea cordata Choisy


Rivea cordata Choisy = Turbina cordata (Choisy) Austin & Staples

Reference: Austin, D. F. & G. W. Staples, 1991: 272. 


$


 Rivea corymbosa (L.) Hallier f.


Rivea corymbosa (L.) Hallier f. = Turbina corymbosa (L.) Raf.

Reference: FP 1344: 476; Austin, D. F. & G. W. Staples, 1991: 273. 


$


 Riveria nitens Kunth


Riveria nitens Kunth = Swartzia myrtifolia Smith var. myrtifolia 

Reference: Cowan, R. S., 1968: 168. 


$


 Rivina densiflora Kuntze


Rivina densiflora Kuntze = Schindleria densiflora (Kuntze) Monach.

Reference: Monachino, J. V., 1952: 39; Nowicke, J. W., 1969: 338. 


$


 Rivina humilis L.



Rivina humilis L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1261: 550; Nowicke, J. W., 1969: 332. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Amazonian, Coastal: disturbed areas, dry valleys, riversides. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Chrostowski 69-153 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Jun&iacute;n, Piura, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rivina inaequalis Hooker


Rivina inaequalis Hooker = Hilleria secunda (Ruiz & Pav.) H. Walter

Reference: FP 1261: 552; Nowicke, J. W., 1969: 341. 


$


 Rivina latifolia Lam.


Rivina latifolia Lam. = Hilleria latifolia (Lam.) H. Walter

Reference: FP 1261: 551; Nowicke, J. W., 1969: 340. 


$


 Rivina octandra L.


Rivina octandra L. = Trichostigma octandrum (L.) H. Walter

Reference: FP 1261: 549; Nowicke, J. W., 1969: 336. 


$


 Rivina peruviana Moquin


Rivina peruviana Moquin = Trichostigma peruvianum (Moquin) H. Walter

Reference: FP 1261: 550; Nowicke, J. W., 1969: 335. 


$


 Rivina secunda Ruiz & Pav.


Rivina secunda Ruiz & Pav. = Hilleria secunda (Ruiz & Pav.) H. Walter

Reference: FP 1261: 552; Nowicke, J. W., 1969: 341. 


$


 Robinia coccinea Aubl.


Robinia coccinea Aubl. = Ormosia coccinea (Aubl.) Jackson

Reference: Rudd, V. E., 1965: 326. 


$


 Robinia nicou Aubl.


Robinia nicou Aubl. = Lonchocarpus nicou (Aubl.) DC.

Reference: FP 21: 263; Lemee, A., 1952: 126; Duke, J. A., 1981: 122. 


$


 Robinia striata Willd.


Robinia striata Willd. = Geoffroea striata (Willd.) Morong

Reference: FP 21: 255; Lewis, G. P., 1987: 231. 


$


 Rochefortia spinosa (Jacquin) Urb.



Rochefortia spinosa (Jacquin) Urb.

Synonyms: Rochefortia spinosa Jacq.
Reference: Lefor, M. W., 1968: 52. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian, Andean I: rocky slopes. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry & Smith 45027 (MO!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rodriguezia batemanii Poepp. & Endl.



Rodriguezia batemanii Poepp. & Endl.

Synonyms: Rodriguezia batemanii (Poepp. & Endl.) Lindl. ex Cogn., Rodriguezia batemanii Hort. ex Stein, Rodriguezia batemanii Lindl., Rodriguezia batemanii Mansf.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 771; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Pastorelli illus.  
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rodriguezia batemanii var. speciosa Mansf.


Rodriguezia batemanii var. speciosa Mansf. = Rodriguezia batemanii Poepp. & Endl.

Reference: FP 1473: 772; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Rodriguezia bicolor (Lindley) Schltr.


Rodriguezia bicolor (Lindley) Schltr. = Sutrina bicolor Lindl.

Reference: FP 1473: 783; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Rodriguezia caloplectron Rchb. f.



Rodriguezia caloplectron Rchb. f.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1510: 70; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Rodriguezia candida var. batemannii Hort. ex Stein


Rodriguezia candida var. batemannii Hort. ex Stein = Rodriguezia batemanii Poepp. & Endl.

Reference: FP 1473: 771; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Rodriguezia carnea Lindl.



Rodriguezia carnea Lindl.

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 0-1000 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Rodriguezia chasei Dodson & Bennett



Rodriguezia chasei Dodson & Bennett

Reference: Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 163. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. Andean II: forests. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Bennett et al. 4087* (MO)
Departments: Pasco.


$


 Rodriguezia ensiformis Ruiz & Pav.



Rodriguezia ensiformis Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 772; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Rodriguezia estradae Dodson



Rodriguezia estradae Dodson

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Pastorelli illus.  


$


 Rodriguezia fernandezii Dodson & Bennett



Rodriguezia fernandezii Dodson & Bennett

Reference: Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 164. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Fern&aacute;ndez 51* (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Rodriguezia lanceolata Ruiz & Pav.



Rodriguezia lanceolata Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Rodriguezia lanceolata Hooker, Rodriguezia lanceolata Kunth
Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 772; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 6862 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Rodriguezia pulchra L&oslash;tnant



Rodriguezia pulchra L&oslash;tnant

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Rodriguezia satipoana Dodson & Bennett



Rodriguezia satipoana Dodson & Bennett

Reference: Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 165. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Bennett & Bennett B-3542* (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Rodriguezia secunda Kunth


Rodriguezia secunda Kunth = Rodriguezia lanceolata Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1473: 772; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Rodriguezia strobelli Garay



Rodriguezia strobelli Garay

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Pastorelli illus.  


$


 Roentgenia bracteomana (Schumann ex Sprague) Urb.



Roentgenia bracteomana (Schumann ex Sprague) Urb.

Synonyms: Roentgenia bracteomana Schumann ex Sprague
Reference: Flora Peru: 1362: 62; Gentry, A. H., 1977: 126. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry & Revilla 16336 (AMAZ!, MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Rolandra terminalis Spreng.


Rolandra terminalis Spreng. = Ichthyothere terminales (Spreng.) S.F. Blake

Reference: Blake, S. F., 1921: 301. 


$


 Rollinia andicola Maas & Westra



Rollinia andicola Maas & Westra

Reference: Maas, P. J. M. & L. Y. Th. Westra, 1989: 297. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean I-II: forests. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Young & Eisenberg 380 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Pasco.


$


 Rollinia biflora R. & P. ex G. Don


Rollinia biflora R. & P. ex G. Don = Rollinia mucosa (Jacq.) Baill.

Reference: FP 1277: 760. 


$


 Rollinia centrantha R.E. Fr.



Rollinia centrantha R.E. Fr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1277: 764. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 27073* (US), Gentry et al. 45683 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Rollinia chrysocarpa Maas & Westra



Rollinia chrysocarpa  Maas & Westra

Reference: Maas, P. J. M. & L. Y. Th. Westra, 1989: 300. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Berlin 738* (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Rollinia cordifolia Szyszyl.


Rollinia cordifolia Szyszyl. = Annona cordifolia (Szyszylowicz) R.E. Fr.

Reference: FP 1277: 754. 


$


 Rollinia curvipetala R.E. Fr.


Rollinia curvipetala R.E. Fr. = Rollinia mucosa (Jacq.) Baill.

Reference: FP 1277: 763. 


$


 Rollinia cuspidata Mart.



Rollinia cuspidata Mart.

Synonyms: Rollinia cuspidata Diels, Rollinia cuspidata R.E. Fr., Rollinia cuspidata R.E. Fr.
Reference: Maas, P. J. M., E. A. Mennega & L. Y. Th. Westra, 1987: 99. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Tessmann 4704 (B photo MO!), N&uacute;&ntilde;ez et al. 10123 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Loreto, Pasco.


$


 Rollinia edulis Triana & Planch.



Rollinia edulis Triana & Planch.

Reference: Maas, P. J. M., E. A. Mennega & L. Y. Th. Westra, 1987: 100. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 8271 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Rollinia emarginata Schldl.



Rollinia emarginata Schldl.

Synonyms: Rollinia emarginata R.E. Fr.
Reference: Maas, P. J. M., E. A. Mennega & L. Y. Th. Westra, 1987: 100. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. . 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   
Voucher: Pearce s.n. (K)


$



$


 Rollinia fosteri Maas & Westra



Rollinia fosteri Maas & Westra

Reference: Maas, P. J. M. & L. Y. Th. Westra, 1989: 302. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Foster 9657B* (MO!), Foster 9604 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Madre de Dios.


$


 Rollinia glomerulifera Maas & Westra



Rollinia glomerulifera Maas & Westra

Reference: Maas, P. J. M. & L. Y. Th. Westra, 1989: 303. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: seasonally inundated areas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 790* (MO!), Huashikat 534 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto.


$


 Rollinia herzogii R.E. Fr.



Rollinia herzogii R.E. Fr.

Reference: Maas, P. J. M., E. A. Mennega & L. Y. Th. Westra, 1987: 102. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Young & Stratton 156 (MO!)
Departments: Madre de Dios.


$


 Rollinia hispida Maas & Westra



Rollinia hispida Maas & Westra

Reference: Maas, P. J. M. & L. Y. Th. Westra, 1989: 307. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 2657* (F), Schunke 2165 (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto.


$


 Rollinia insignis R.E. Fr.



Rollinia insignis R.E. Fr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1277: 762. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, tree. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Williams 2685* (F)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Rollinia jucunda Diels


Rollinia jucunda Diels = Rollinia peruviana Diels

Reference: FP 1277: 762. 


$


 Rollinia mammifera Maas & Westra



Rollinia mammifera Maas & Westra

Reference: Maas, P. J. M. & L. Y. Th. Westra, 1989: 308. 
Ecology: Native liana, shrub, tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Mass et al. 6025* (MO!, USM), Williams 6538 (F)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rollinia micrantha G. Don


Rollinia micrantha G. Don = Annona parviflora Ruiz & Pav. ex E.A. L&oacute;pez

Reference: Maas, P. J. M., L. Y. Th. Westra & Collaborators, 1992: 162. 


$


 Rollinia microcarpa R.E. Fr.


Rollinia microcarpa R.E. Fr. = Rollinia ulei Diels

Reference: FP 1277: 765; Maas, P. J. M., L. Y. Th. Westra & Collaborators, 1992: 153. 


$


 Rollinia mucosa (Jacq.) Baill.



Rollinia mucosa (Jacq.) Baill.

Synonyms: Rollinia mucosa (Jacq.) Willd., Rollinia mucosa (R.E. Fr.) R.E. Fr., Rollinia mucosa A. DC., Rollinia mucosa G. Don, Rollinia mucosa Jacq., Rollinia mucosa R. & P. ex D. Don, Rollinia mucosa R. & P. ex G. Don, Rollinia mucosa R. & P. ex G. Don, Rollinia mucosa R. & P. ex G. Don, Rollinia mucosa R. & P. ex R.E. Fries, Rollinia mucosa R.E. Fr., Rollinia mucosa R.E. Fr., Rollinia mucosa R.E. Fr., Rollinia mucosa Sieber ex A. DC., Rollinia mucosa Tuss.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1277: 760; Fries, R. E., 1947: 17. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 15900 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Pasco, Puno, Ucayali.


$


 Rollinia mucosa subsp. aequatorialis R.E. Fr.


Rollinia mucosa subsp. aequatorialis R.E. Fr. = Rollinia mucosa (Jacq.) Baill.

Reference: FP 1277: 761. 


$


 Rollinia mucosa var. neglecta (R.E. Fr.) R.E. Fr.


Rollinia mucosa var. neglecta (R.E. Fr.) R.E. Fr. = Rollinia mucosa (Jacq.) Baill.

Reference: FP 1277: 760. 


$


 Rollinia neglecta R.E. Fr.


Rollinia neglecta R.E. Fr. = Rollinia mucosa (Jacq.) Baill.

Reference: FP 1277: 760. 


$


 Rollinia occidentalis R.E. Fr.


Rollinia occidentalis R.E. Fr. = Rollinia emarginata Schldl.

Reference: FP 1277: 763. 


$


 Rollinia pachyptera Diels


Rollinia pachyptera Diels = Rollinia cuspidata Mart.

Reference: FP 1277: 764. 


$


 Rollinia papilionella Diels


Rollinia papilionella Diels = Rollinia pittieri Saff.

Reference: FP 1277: 762. 


$


 Rollinia peruviana Diels



Rollinia peruviana Diels

Synonyms: Rollinia peruviana Diels, Rollinia peruviana R.E. Fr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1277: 761; Maas & Westra, 1993 [in press]. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ule 6426* (B)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Rollinia pittieri Saff.



Rollinia pittieri Saff.

Synonyms: Rollinia pittieri Diels


$


 Rollinia pterocarpa G. Don


Rollinia pterocarpa G. Don = Rollinia mucosa (Jacq.) Baill.

Reference: FP 1277: 765. 


$


 Rollinia rigidiflora R.E. Fr.


Rollinia rigidiflora R.E. Fr. = Rollinia peruviana Diels

Reference: FP 1277: 761. 


$


 Rollinia schunkei Maas & Westra



Rollinia schunkei Maas & Westra

Reference: Maas, P. J. M. & L. Y. Th. Westra, 1989: 311. 
Ecology. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 14117* (MO!, USM), Gentry et al. 31206 (MO)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Rollinia sieberi A. DC.


Rollinia sieberi A. DC. = Rollinia mucosa (Jacq.) Baill.

Reference: FP 1277: 760. 


$


 Rollinia sphaerantha R.E. Fr.


Rollinia sphaerantha R.E. Fr. = Rollinia cuspidata Mart.

Reference: FP 1277: 765. 


$


 Rollinia ulei Diels



Rollinia ulei Diels

Synonyms: Rollinia ulei R.E. Fr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1277: 763; Maas, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Ule 6425* (B photo MO!), Maas et al. 5965 (MOL!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rollinia uniflora R.E. Fr.


Rollinia uniflora R.E. Fr. = Rollinia cuspidata Mart.

Reference: FP 1277: 765. 


$


 Ronabea erecta Aubl.


Ronabea erecta Aubl. = Psychotria erecta (Aubl.) Standl. & Steyerm.

Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 1672. 


$



$


 Rondeletia loretensis Standl.



Rondeletia loretensis Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 61. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   This taxon may be conspecific with R. reflexa Bentham of Colombia and R. trichotoma of Ecuador. 
Voucher: Klug 2151* (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Rondeletia microdon DC.


Rondeletia microdon DC. = Psychotria microdon (DC.) Urb.

Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 1188. 


$


 Rondeletia peruviana Standl.



Rondeletia peruviana Standl.

Synonyms: Rondeletia peruviana (Standl.) Steyerm.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 62. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Tessmann 4223* (F)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Rondeletia repens L.


Rondeletia repens L. = Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst.

Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 395. 


$


 Ronnbergia explodens L.B. Sm.



Ronnbergia explodens L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1979: 1505. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Dudley 13063* (US!), Foster 8635 (USM!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Pasco.


$


 Rorippa bonariensis (Poir.) Macloskie



Rorippa bonariensis (Poir.) Macloskie

Synonyms: Rorippa bonariensis DC., Rorippa bonariensis Fournier, Rorippa bonariensis Poir., Rorippa bonariensis Trev. ex Sweet
Reference: Flora Peru: 614: 965. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Rorippa clandestina (Sprengel) J.F. Macbr.



Rorippa clandestina (Sprengel) J.F. Macbr.

$


 Rorippa clandestina var.clandestina



Rorippa clandestina var. clandestina 

Synonyms: Rorippa clandestina clandestina Sprengel, Rorippa clandestina var. clandestina O.E. Schulz
Reference: Flora Peru: 614: 965. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Rorippa clandestina var.sodiroi (O.E. Schulz) J.F. Macbr.



Rorippa clandestina var. sodiroi (O.E. Schulz) J.F. Macbr.

Synonyms: Rorippa clandestina var. sodiroi O.E. Schulz
Reference: Flora Peru: 614: 965. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Rorippa eggersii (O.E. Schulz) J.F. Macbr.



Rorippa eggersii (O.E. Schulz) J.F. Macbr.

Synonyms: Rorippa eggersii O.E. Schulz
Reference: Flora Peru: 614: 965. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Rorippa indica (L.) Hiern



Rorippa indica (L.) Hiern

Synonyms: Rorippa indica (Burm. f.) J.F. Macbr., Rorippa indica (Burm. f.) O.E. Schulz, Rorippa indica Burm. f., Rorippa indica L.
Reference: Hara, H., 1955: 197. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   Native to India and widely naturalized elsewhere. 


$


 Rorippa nana (Schlecht.) J.F. Macbr.



Rorippa nana (Schlecht.) J.F. Macbr.

Synonyms: Rorippa nana (Schlect.) Wedd., Rorippa nana C. Mueller, Rorippa nana Schlecht.
Reference: Flora Peru: 614: 965; Al-Shehbaz, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Lechler 2583* (B), N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 7617 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Loreto, Puno.


$


 Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek



Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek

Synonyms: Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (Lam.) Aschers., Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum L., Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum R. Br.
Reference: Flora Peru: 614: 966. 
Ecology. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Tupayachi & Galiano 779 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Arequipa, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, La Libertad, Puno.


$


 Rorippa palustris (L.) Bess.



Rorippa palustris (L.) Bess.

Synonyms: Rorippa palustris L.


$


 Rorippa sarmentosa (Soland. ex Forst.) J.F. Macbr.



Rorippa sarmentosa (Soland. ex Forst.) J.F. Macbr.

Synonyms: Rorippa sarmentosa O.E. Schulz, Rorippa sarmentosa Soland. ex Forst.
Reference: Flora Peru: 614: 966. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   Native to Polynesia. 


$


 Rorippa sinapis (Burm. f.) J.F. Macbr.


Rorippa sinapis (Burm. f.) J.F. Macbr. = Rorippa indica (L.) Hiern

Reference: FP 614: 967; Hara, H., 1955: 197. 


$


 Rosa canina L.



Rosa canina L.

Reference: Bailey, L. & E. Bailey, 1976: 975. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Brunel 310 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Rosa centifolia L.



Rosa centifolia L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 635: 1063; Bailey, L. & E. Bailey, 1976: 975. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Brunel 29 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Rosa chinensis Jacq.



Rosa chinensis Jacq.

Reference: Bailey, L. & E. Bailey, 1976: 975. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 6548 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Rosa eglanteria L.



Rosa eglanteria L.

Reference: Bailey, L. & E. Bailey, 1976: 975. 
Ecology. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 6453 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Rosa glauca Pourret


Rosa glauca Pourret = Rosa rubrifolia Villars

Reference: Bailey, L. & E. Bailey, 1976: 977. 


$


 Rosa odorata (Andr.) Sweet



Rosa odorata (Andr.) Sweet

Reference: Bailey, L. & E. Bailey, 1976: 976. 
Ecology. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Brunel 308 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Rosa rubiginosa L.


Rosa rubiginosa L. = ?  

Reference: Bailey, L. & E. Bailey, 1976: 975; Robertson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Rosa rubrifolia Villars



Rosa rubrifolia Villars

Synonyms: Rosa rubrifolia Pourret
Reference: Bailey, L. & E. Bailey, 1976: 977. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Brunel 745 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Rosa X noisettiana Thory



Rosa X noisettiana Thory

Reference: Bailey, L. H., 1949: 534. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Brunel 232 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Rosenbergia campanulata House


Rosenbergia campanulata House = Cobaea campanulata Hemsl.

Reference: FP 1295: 122. 


$


 Rosenbergia penduliflora Karsten


Rosenbergia penduliflora Karsten = Cobaea penduliflora (Karsten) Hooker

Reference: FP 1295: 122. 


$


 Rosenbergia scandens (Cav.) House


Rosenbergia scandens (Cav.) House = Cobaea scandens Cav.

Reference: FP 1295: 123. 


$


 Rosenbergiodendron longiflorum (Ruiz & Pav.) Fagerl.



Rosenbergiodendron longiflorum (Ruiz & Pav.) Fagerl.

Synonyms: Rosenbergiodendron longiflorum (Ruiz & Pav.) Schumann, Rosenbergiodendron longiflorum DC., Rosenbergiodendron longiflorum Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Fagerlind, F., 1948: 152. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests, riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (B photo F), Schunke 6299 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Rosmarinus officinalis L.



Rosmarinus officinalis L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 814. 
Ecology: Introduced herb, subshrub. Andean II: disturbed areas. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: D&iacute;az et al. 2711 (MO!)
Departments: Piura.


$


 Rossmannia repens Klotzsch


Rossmannia repens Klotzsch = Begonia rossmanniae A. DC.

Reference: FP 747: 199; Smith, L. B. & D. C. Wasshausen, 1986: 32; Smith, L. B., D. C. Wasshausen, J. Golding & C. E. Karegeannes, 1986: 226, 271. 


$


 Rotala ramosior (L.) Koehne



Rotala ramosior (L.) Koehne

Synonyms: Rotala ramosior L.
Reference: Flora Peru: 753: 218; Lourteig, A., 1989: 6. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Williams 2299 (F)
Departments: Loreto, Piura.


$


 Rottboellia altissima Poir.


Rottboellia altissima Poir. = Hemarthria altissima (Poir.) Stapf & C.E. Hubb.

Reference: Hubbard, C. E., 1934: 109. 


$


 Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton



Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton

Synonyms: Rottboellia cochinchinensis L. f., Rottboellia cochinchinensis Lour.
Reference: Clayton, W. D., 1981: 817. 
Ecology: Introduced herb. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, riversides. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Plowman & Ram&iacute;rez 11217 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Rottboellia exaltata L. f.


Rottboellia exaltata L. f. = Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton

Reference: Clayton, W. D., 1981: 817; Tovar, O., 1981: 112. 


$


 Rottboellia fasciculata Lam.


Rottboellia fasciculata Lam. = Hemarthria altissima (Poir.) Stapf & C.E. Hubb.

Reference: FP 719: 257; Hubbard, C. E., 1934: 109. 


$


 Rottboellia sanguinea Retz.


Rottboellia sanguinea Retz. = Schizachyrium sanguineum (Retz.) Alston

Reference: McVaugh, R., 1983: 350. 


$


 Roubieva multifida (L.) Moq.


Roubieva multifida (L.) Moq. = Chenopodium multifidum L.

Reference: FP 1253: 473. 


$


 Roucheria calophylla Planch.



Roucheria calophylla Planch.

Reference: Flora Peru: 648: 628. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Roucheria humiriifolia Planch.


Roucheria humiriifolia Planch. = Hebepetalum humiriifolium (Planch.) Benth.

Reference: FP 648: 627. 


$


 Roucheria punctata (Ducke) Ducke



Roucheria punctata (Ducke) Ducke

Synonyms: Roucheria punctata Ducke
Reference: Ducke, A., 1935: 21. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Hartshorn 2415 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco.


$


 Roucheria schomburgkii Planch.



Roucheria schomburgkii Planch.

Synonyms: Roucheria schomburgkii (Planch.) Ducke


$


 Rouhamon guianensis Aubl.


Rouhamon guianensis Aubl. = Strychnos guianensis (Aubl.) Mart.

Reference: FP 1341: 261; Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 235. 


$


 Roulinia blanda Decne.


Roulinia blanda Decne. = Cynanchum blandum (Decne.) E. Sundell

Reference: Sundell, E., 1981: 21. 


$


 Roulinia cordata (Vell.) J.F. Macbr.


Roulinia cordata (Vell.) J.F. Macbr. = Cynanchum montevidense Spreng.

Reference: Sundell, E., 1981: 27. 


$


 Roupala complicata Kunth


Roupala complicata Kunth = Roupala montana Aubl.

Reference: FP 1236: 372; Sleumer, H., 1954: 170. 


$


 Roupala cordifolia Kunth



Roupala cordifolia Kunth

Reference: Flora Peru: 1236: 372; Sleumer, H., 1954: 166. 
Ecology. 1500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Humboldt s.n.* (P)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Roupala dielsii J.F. Macbr.



Roupala dielsii J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1236: 372; Sleumer, H., 1954: 167. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Williams 114* (F), Tessmann 5124 (B)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Roupala diversifolia R. Br.


Roupala diversifolia R. Br. = Roupala pinnata (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) Diels

Reference: FP 1236: 374; Sleumer, H., 1954: 159. 


$


 Roupala dolichopoda Diels



Roupala dolichopoda Diels

Reference: Flora Peru: 1236: 373; Sleumer, H., 1954: 167. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 6364* (B)
Departments: Piura.


$


 Roupala ferruginea Kunth


Roupala ferruginea Kunth = Roupala obovata Kunth

Reference: FP 1236: 373; Sleumer, H., 1954: 159. 


$


 Roupala inaequalis Pohl


Roupala inaequalis Pohl = Euplassa inaequalis (Pohl) Engl.

Reference: Sleumer, H., 1954: 194. 


$


 Roupala jelskii Diels



Roupala jelskii Diels

Reference: Sleumer, H., 1954: 164. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Andean II: forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Raimondi 3877* (B photo MO!), Woytkowski 7775 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca.


$


 Roupala lucens Meisn.



Roupala lucens Meisn.

Reference: Sleumer, H., 1954: 170. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 9807 (MO!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Roupala meisneri Sleumer



Roupala meisneri Sleumer

Reference: Sleumer, H., 1954: 162. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Ch&aacute;vez 554 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Roupala monosperma (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) I.M. Johnst.



Roupala monosperma (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) I.M. Johnst.

Synonyms: Roupala monosperma R. Br., Roupala monosperma Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1236: 373; Sleumer, H., 1954: 167. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Andean II: disturbed areas. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Mexia 4117 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Roupala montana Aubl.



Roupala montana Aubl.

Synonyms: Roupala montana J.F. Macbr., Roupala montana Kunth
Reference: Sleumer, H., 1954: 170. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: savannas. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 37676 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Roupala obovata Kunth



Roupala obovata Kunth

Synonyms: Roupala obovata (Kunth) Meisner, Roupala obovata Kunth
Reference: Sleumer, H., 1954: 159. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Humboldt & Bonpland 2492* (B photo F!), Macbride 3447 (F)
Departments: Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Roupala peruviana R. Br.


Roupala peruviana R. Br. = Roupala monosperma (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) I.M. Johnst.

Reference: FP 1236: 373; Sleumer, H., 1954: 167. 


$


 Roupala pinnata (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) Diels



Roupala pinnata (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) Diels

Synonyms: Roupala pinnata R. Br., Roupala pinnata Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1236: 374; Sleumer, H., 1954: 159. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Andean II: forests. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Woytkowski 5197 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Roupala raimondii J.F. Macbr.


Roupala raimondii J.F. Macbr. = Roupala montana Aubl.

Reference: FP 1236: 374; Sleumer, H., 1954: 170. 


$


 Roupala sessilifolia Richard


Roupala sessilifolia Richard = Panopsis sessifolia (Richard) Rich.

Reference: Spichiger, R., J. Meroz, P. Loizeau & L. Stutz de Ortega, 1989: 89. 


$


 Roupala sphenophyllum Diels ex Sleumer



Roupala sphenophyllum Diels ex Sleumer

Reference: Sleumer, H., 1954: 166. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Tessmann 3431* (B)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Roupala spicata Baehni



Roupala spicata Baehni

Reference: Flora Peru: 1236: 375; Sleumer, H., 1954: 166. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 4192* (G), L&oacute;pez & Sag&aacute;stegui 2370 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Rourea accrescens Forero



Rourea accrescens Forero

Reference: Forero, E., 1983: 142. 
Ecology: Native vine. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Dodson & Torres 2923 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto.


$


 Rourea amazonica (Baker in Martius) Radlk.



Rourea amazonica (Baker in Martius) Radlk.

Synonyms: Rourea amazonica Baker in Martius, Rourea amazonica Huber
Reference: Flora Peru: 640: 1121; Forero, E., 1983: 145. 
Ecology: Native liana, shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: The Flora of Peru uses the incorredt author citation "R. amazonica Baker." 
Voucher: Woytkowski 6278 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Rourea amazonica Huber


Rourea amazonica Huber = Rourea amazonica (Baker in Martius) Radlk.

Reference: FP 640: 1121; Forero, E., 1983: 145. 
Note: nom. illeg.  


$


 Rourea camptoneura Radlk.



Rourea camptoneura Radlk.

Reference: Flora Peru: 640: 1122; Forero, E., 1983: 146. 
Ecology: Native shrub, vine. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 46135 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Rourea cuspidata (Kuntze) Benth. ex Baker



Rourea cuspidata (Kuntze) Benth. ex Baker

$


 Rourea cuspidata var.cuspidata Bentham ex Baker



Rourea cuspidata var. cuspidata Bentham ex Baker

Reference: Flora Peru: 640: 1122; Forero, E., 1983: 148. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   Specimens cited in the Flora of Peru are redetermined by Forero (1983) as R. cuspidata var. densiflora. 


$


 Rourea cuspidata var.densiflora (Steyerm.) Forero



Rourea cuspidata var. densiflora (Steyerm.) Forero

Synonyms: Rourea cuspidata densiflora Steyerm.
Reference: Forero, E., 1983: 149. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 796* (F!), Gentry et al. 21120 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Rourea cuspidata var.pedicellata Baker



Rourea cuspidata var. pedicellata Baker

Reference: Forero, E., 1983: 150. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry 30024 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Rourea densiflora Steyerm.


Rourea densiflora Steyerm. = Rourea cuspidata var. densiflora (Steyerm.) Forero

Reference: FP 640: 1122; Forero, E., 1983: 149. 


$


 Rourea glabra Kunth



Rourea glabra Kunth

$


 Rourea glabra var. amazonica Baker in Martius


Rourea glabra var. amazonica Baker in Martius = Rourea amazonica (Baker in Martius) Radlk.

Reference: Forero, E., 1983: 145. 
Note: Rourea glabra H.B.K. var. amazonica Baker  


$


 Rourea krukovii Steyerm.



Rourea krukovii Steyerm.

Reference: Forero, E., 1983: 168. 
Ecology: Native vine. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 22465 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Rourea omissa Forero



Rourea omissa Forero

Reference: Forero, E., 1983: 159. 
Ecology: Endemic liana. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Tessmann 5421* (NY!), Schunke 6330 (F!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rourea puberula Baker



Rourea puberula Baker

Reference: Flora Peru: 640: 1123; Forero, E., 1983: 160. 
Ecology: Native shrub, vine. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry & Ayala 12698 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Rourea rhynchosioides Standl.


Rourea rhynchosioides Standl. = Pseudoconnarus rhynchosioides (Standl.) Prance

Reference: FP 640: 1123; Forero, E., 1983: 136. 


$


 Ruagea augusti Harms


Ruagea augusti Harms = Ruagea glabra Triana & Planch.

Reference: FP 663: 757; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 243. 


$


 Ruagea glabra Triana & Planch.



Ruagea glabra Triana & Planch.

Synonyms: Ruagea glabra (C. DC.) Harms, Ruagea glabra (Harms) J.F. Macbr., Ruagea glabra C. DC., Ruagea glabra Harms, Ruagea glabra Harms, Ruagea glabra Harms
Reference: Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 243. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests. 0-3000 m. 
Voucher: S&aacute;nchez 3168 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Ruagea hirsuta (C. DC.) Harms



Ruagea hirsuta (C. DC.) Harms

Synonyms: Ruagea hirsuta (C. DC.) Harms, Ruagea hirsuta C. DC., Ruagea hirsuta C. DC.
Reference: Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 247. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean II: cloud forests. 1500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 5656* (G), Cano 1609 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Piura, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Ruagea insignis (C. DC.) T.D. Penn.



Ruagea insignis (C. DC.) T.D. Penn.

Synonyms: Ruagea insignis (Harms) J.F. Macbr., Ruagea insignis C. DC., Ruagea insignis Harms
Reference: Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 249. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Tessmann 4029* (G), Smith 3129 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Ruagea jelskiana Harms


Ruagea jelskiana Harms = Ruagea glabra Triana & Planch.

Reference: FP 663: 764; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 243. 


$


 Ruagea microsepala Harms


Ruagea microsepala Harms = Guarea pubescens (Rich.) A. Juss. subsp. pubescens 

Reference: FP 663: 767; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 295. 


$


 Ruagea pilanthera (C. DC.) Harms


Ruagea pilanthera (C. DC.) Harms = Ruagea hirsuta (C. DC.) Harms

Reference: FP 663: 769; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 247. 


$


 Ruagea raimondii Harms



Ruagea raimondii Harms

Synonyms: Ruagea raimondii (Harms) J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 663: 771; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 254. 
Note: Pennington et al. (1981) list this as a doubtful species as type material could not be located. 


$


 Ruagea subviridiflora (C. DC. ex Harms) Harms



Ruagea subviridiflora (C. DC. ex Harms) Harms

Synonyms: Ruagea subviridiflora C. DC. ex Harms
Reference: Flora Peru: 663: 772; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 255. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   Pennington et al. (1981) list this as a doubtful species. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 4989* (B destroyed, frag. G)


$


 Ruagea tessmannii Harms


Ruagea tessmannii Harms = Ruagea insignis (C. DC.) T.D. Penn.

Reference: FP 663: 773; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 249. 


$


 Ruagea weberbaueri (C. DC.) Harms


Ruagea weberbaueri (C. DC.) Harms = Ruagea glabra Triana & Planch.

Reference: FP 663: 775; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 243. 


$


 Rubachia obumbrans O. Berg


Rubachia obumbrans O. Berg = Myrcia obumbrans (O. Berg) McVaugh

Reference: FP 760: 652. 


$


 Rubia ciliata (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.


Rubia ciliata (Ruiz & Pav.) DC. = Galium corymbosum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1365: 255; Dempster, L. T., 1990: 321. 


$


 Rubia corymbosa (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.


Rubia corymbosa (Ruiz & Pav.) DC. = Galium corymbosum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1365: 255; Dempster, L. T., 1990: 321. 


$


 Rubia crocea (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.


Rubia crocea (Ruiz & Pav.) DC. = Galium hypocarpium (L.) Endl. ex Griseb. subsp. hypocarpium 

Reference: FP 1365: 256; Dempster, L. T., 1990: 308. 


$


 Rubia hirsuta Schlechtendal ex Weddell pro syn.


Rubia hirsuta Schlechtendal ex Weddell pro syn. = Galium corymbosum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1365: 256; Dempster, L. T., 1990: 321. 


$


 Rubia monantha DC.


Rubia monantha DC. = Galium corymbosum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1365: 255; Dempster, L. T., 1990: 321. 


$


 Rubia montana Steudel pro syn.


Rubia montana Steudel pro syn. = Galium corymbosum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Dempster, L. T., 1990: 321. 


$


 Rubia mucronata (Ruiz & Pav.) Hook. & Arn.


Rubia mucronata (Ruiz & Pav.) Hook. & Arn. = Galium corymbosum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1365: 255; Dempster, L. T., 1990: 321. 


$


 Rubia noxia A. St. Hilaire


Rubia noxia A. St. Hilaire = Galium noxium subsp. noxium 

Reference: Dempster, L. T., 1990: 292. 


$


 Rubia ovalis (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.


Rubia ovalis (Ruiz & Pav.) DC. = Galium hypocarpium (L.) Endl. ex Griseb. subsp. hypocarpium 

Reference: FP 1365: 257; Dempster, L. T., 1990: 308. 


$


 Rubus acanthophyllus Focke



Rubus acanthophyllus Focke

Synonyms: Rubus acanthophyllus Fritsch
Reference: Flora Peru: 635: 1098. 
Ecology: Endemic subshrub. Andean II-III: cloud forests, grasslands, rocky slopes. 2000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui et al. 13070 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Lambayeque, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rubus adenothallus Focke



Rubus adenothallus Focke

Reference: Flora Peru: 635: 1098. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II-III: cloud forests, disturbed areas, shrublands. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: D&iacute;az et al. 1472 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Apur&iacute;mac, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Piura.


$


 Rubus andicola Focke



Rubus andicola Focke

Reference: Flora Peru: 635: 1098. 
Ecology: Native subshrub. . 
Voucher: Weberbauer 4748 (photo MO!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Rubus betonicifolius Focke



Rubus betonicifolius Focke

Reference: Flora Peru: 635: 1099. 
Ecology: Native shrub. . 
Voucher: Weberbauer 670 
Departments: Puno.


$


 Rubus bogotensis Kunth



Rubus bogotensis Kunth

Synonyms: Rubus bogotensis Focke
Reference: Flora Peru: 635: 1099. 
Ecology: Native shrub, vine. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, forests, grasslands, shrublands. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Cano 1541 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Piura, Puno.


$


 Rubus boliviensis Focke


Rubus boliviensis Focke = Rubus robustus var. robustus C. Presl

Reference: FP 635: 1101. 


$


 Rubus coriaceus Poir.



Rubus coriaceus Poir.

Reference: Flora Peru: 635: 1099. 
Ecology. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Dillon et al. 2930 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Jun&iacute;n, Lambayeque.


$


 Rubus erythrocladus Mart.



Rubus erythrocladus Mart.

Reference: Flora Peru: 635: 1099. 
Ecology: Native shrub. . 
Voucher: Weberbauer 2498 
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Rubus extensus Fritsch



Rubus extensus Fritsch

Reference: Flora Peru: 635: 1100. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. . 
Voucher: Jelski 3* (photo MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Rubus floribundus Kunth


Rubus floribundus Kunth = Rubus robustus var. robustus C. Presl

Reference: FP 635: 1101. 


$


 Rubus floribundus var. nimbatus J.F. Macbr.


Rubus floribundus var. nimbatus J.F. Macbr. = Rubus robustus var. nimbatus (J.F. Macbr.) J.F. Macbr.

Reference: FP 635: 1101. 


$


 Rubus glabratus Kunth



Rubus glabratus Kunth

Reference: Flora Peru: 635: 1101. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: grasslands. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Barbour 3397 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Rubus glaucus Benth.



Rubus glaucus Benth.

Reference: Flora Peru: 635: 1100. 
Ecology: Native shrub. . 
Voucher: Macbride 5199 
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Rubus helioscopus Focke


Rubus helioscopus Focke = Rubus robustus var. robustus C. Presl

Reference: FP 635: 1101. 


$


 Rubus jelskii Fritsch


Rubus jelskii Fritsch = Rubus acanthophyllus Focke

Reference: FP 635: 1098. 


$


 Rubus megalococcus Focke



Rubus megalococcus Focke

Reference: Flora Peru: 635: 1100. 
Ecology: Native shrub, vine. Andean I-III: cloud forests, disturbed areas, grasslands, shrublands. 500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui et al. 10020 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco, Puno.


$


 Rubus nubigenus Kunth



Rubus nubigenus Kunth

Reference: Flora Peru: 635: 1100. 
Ecology: Native shrub, vine. Andean II: cloud forests, disturbed areas. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Smith 8139 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco, Puno.


$


 Rubus nubigenus subsp. ruizii Focke


Rubus nubigenus subsp. ruizii Focke = Rubus weberbaueri Focke

Reference: FP 635: 1103. 


$


 Rubus peruviana Fritsch


Rubus peruviana Fritsch = Rubus robustus var. robustus C. Presl

Reference: FP 635: 1101. 


$


 Rubus porphyromallos Focke


Rubus porphyromallos Focke = Rubus bogotensis Kunth

Reference: FP 635: 1099. 


$



$


 Rubus robustus var.nimbatus (J.F. Macbr.) J.F. Macbr.



Rubus robustus var. nimbatus (J.F. Macbr.) J.F. Macbr.

Synonyms: Rubus robustus var. nimbatus J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 635: 1101. 
Ecology: Native liana, shrub. Andean II: disturbed areas, forests. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez et al. 9100 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Rubus robustus var.robustus C. Presl



Rubus robustus var. robustus C. Presl

Synonyms: Rubus robustus robustus Focke, Rubus robustus robustus Focke, Rubus robustus robustus Fritsch, Rubus robustus robustus Kunth
Reference: Flora Peru: 635: 1101. 
Ecology: Native liana, shrub. Andean I-III: cloud forests, disturbed areas, rocky slopes, shrublands. 500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Haenke s.n.* , Smith et al. 1827 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lambayeque, La Libertad, Pasco, Piura, Puno.


$


 Rubus roseus Poir.



Rubus roseus Poir.

Synonyms: Rubus roseus (Focke) J.F. Macbr., Rubus roseus (Ktze.) J.F. Macbr., Rubus roseus Hooker
Reference: Flora Peru: 635: 1102. 
Ecology: Native shrub, vine. Andean II-III: cloud forests, disturbed areas, riversides, shrublands. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Proa&ntilde;o 51 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Pasco, Puno.


$


 Rubus roseus var. lechleri (Focke) J.F. Macbr.


Rubus roseus var. lechleri (Focke) J.F. Macbr. = Rubus roseus Poir.

Reference: FP 635: 1102. 


$


 Rubus roseus var. rosaeflorus Hooker


Rubus roseus var. rosaeflorus Hooker = Rubus roseus Poir.

Reference: FP 635: 1102. 


$


 Rubus roseus var. santarosensis (Ktze.) J.F. Macbr.


Rubus roseus var. santarosensis (Ktze.) J.F. Macbr. = Rubus roseus Poir.

Reference: FP 635: 1102. 


$


 Rubus rosifolius J. E. Smith ex Baker



Rubus rosifolius J. E. Smith ex Baker

Reference: Bailey, L. H., 1949: 523. 
Ecology: Introduced shrub. Andean II: disturbed areas. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 63238 (MO!)
Departments: Pasco.


$


 Rubus sparsiflorus J.F. Macbr.



Rubus sparsiflorus J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 635: 1102. 
Ecology: Endemic liana, shrub. Andean II: cloud forests, disturbed areas, elfin forests, shrublands. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 1674* , Smith & V&aacute;squez 3590 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Rubus urticifolius Poir.



Rubus urticifolius Poir.

Reference: Flora Peru: 635: 1102. 
Ecology: Native liana, shrub. Amazonian, Andean I-III, Coastal: cloud forests, disturbed areas, lomas, riversides. 0-4000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 9727 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rubus weberbaueri Focke



Rubus weberbaueri Focke

Synonyms: Rubus weberbaueri Focke
Reference: Flora Peru: 635: 1103. 
Ecology: Endemic liana, shrub. Andean II: cloud forests, disturbed areas, grasslands. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 3362* (photo MO!), Ferreyra 15572 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Apur&iacute;mac, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Pasco.


$


 Rudgea acuminata (Ruiz & Pav.) Standl.



Rudgea acuminata (Ruiz & Pav.) Standl.

Synonyms: Rudgea acuminata Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 160; Standley, P. C., 1931: 327. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: forests. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (B photo & frag. F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Rudgea amazonica M&uuml;ll. Arg.



Rudgea amazonica M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 161; Standley, P. C., 1931: 328. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 4587 (F!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rudgea angustissima Standl.



Rudgea angustissima Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 161. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Killip & Smith 26459* (F!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Pasco.


$


 Rudgea canephorantha (Wernham) Standl.



Rudgea canephorantha (Wernham) Standl.

Synonyms: Rudgea canephorantha Wernham
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 161. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 4120* (F!), Klug 3764 (F!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rudgea cephalantha Standl.


Rudgea cephalantha Standl. = Rudgea retifolia Standl.

Reference: FP 1365: 168. 


$


 Rudgea ceriantha Schumann



Rudgea ceriantha Schumann

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 162. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ule 6677* (B photo F!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Rudgea ciliata (Zahlbr.) Sprengel



Rudgea ciliata (Zahlbr.) Sprengel

Synonyms: Rudgea ciliata Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 162; Standley, P. C., 1931: 329. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean I: forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (F!), Williams 7072 (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rudgea cryptantha Standl.



Rudgea cryptantha Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 162. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Williams 3521* (F!), Plowman et al. 7151 (F!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Rudgea foveolata (Ruiz & Pav.) Zahlbr.



Rudgea foveolata (Ruiz & Pav.) Zahlbr.

Synonyms: Rudgea foveolata Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 163. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (B photo F!), Schunke 5372 (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rudgea garciana Standl.



Rudgea garciana Standl.

Reference: Standley, P. C., 1937: 220. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA photo F!)


$


 Rudgea hispidula Standl.



Rudgea hispidula Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 163. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 28931* (F!), Williams 5050 (F!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Rudgea insolita Standl.



Rudgea insolita Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 163; Standley, P. C., 1930: 153. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Region uncertain: forests. . 
Voucher: Poeppig 1091 (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Rudgea justicioides Standl.



Rudgea justicioides Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 164. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Kirkbride (pers. comm.) suggests this taxon may be referrable to P. lucentifolia (S. F. Blake) Steyermark. 
Voucher: Williams 163* (F!), Williams 3433 (F!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Rudgea klugii Standl.



Rudgea klugii Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 164. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Klug 2664* (F!), Schunke 5383 (F!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rudgea loretensis Standl.



Rudgea loretensis Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 165. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Williams 2484* (F!), Gentry et al. 26895 (F!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Rudgea mazanensis Standl.



Rudgea mazanensis Standl.

Reference: Standley, P. C., 1940: 209. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Amazonian: riversides. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Schunke 351* (F!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Rudgea mexiae Standl.



Rudgea mexiae Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 165. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Mexia 6366* (F!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Rudgea microcarpa (Ruiz & Pav.) Standl.



Rudgea microcarpa (Ruiz & Pav.) Standl.

Synonyms: Rudgea microcarpa Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 166. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, tree. Andean II: forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (B photo F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Rudgea nitida (Ruiz & Pav.) Sprengel



Rudgea nitida (Ruiz & Pav.) Sprengel

Synonyms: Rudgea nitida Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 166. 
Ecology. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (B photo & frag. F!), Schunke 291 (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Rudgea obesiflora Standl.



Rudgea obesiflora Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 166. 
Ecology: Endemic tree, treelet. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Tessmann 4070* (B fragm. F!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Rudgea poeppigii Schum. ex Standl.



Rudgea poeppigii Schum. ex Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 167. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 2467* (F!), Schunke 5823 (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Rudgea psychotriifolia Standl.



Rudgea psychotriifolia Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 167. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 29016* (F!), Killip & Smith 28270 (F!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Rudgea racemosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Sprengel



Rudgea racemosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Sprengel

Synonyms: Rudgea racemosa Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 168. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (B photo F!), Schunke 5140 (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Rudgea retifolia Standl.



Rudgea retifolia Standl.

Synonyms: Rudgea retifolia Standl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 168. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: forests, swamps. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Williams 994* (F!), Schunke 2478 (F!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Rudgea scandens Krause


Rudgea scandens Krause = Faramea multiflora var. maynensis (Spruce ex Rusby) Steyerm.

Reference: FP 1365: 141. 


$


 Rudgea sessiliflora Standl.



Rudgea sessiliflora Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 169. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 29698* (F!), Mexia 6391 (F!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Ucayali.


$


 Rudgea sororia Standl.



Rudgea sororia Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 169. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 1310* (F!), Schunke 355 (F!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Rudgea sprucei Standl.



Rudgea sprucei Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 169. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 3995* (K photo & frag. F!), Williams 4096 (F!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rudgea stenophylla (Krause) Standl.



Rudgea stenophylla (Krause) Standl.

Synonyms: Rudgea stenophylla Krause
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 170. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, tree. Andean I: forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 4548* (B photo & frag. F!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rudgea tambillensis Zahlbr.



Rudgea tambillensis Zahlbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 170. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. . 
Voucher: Jelski 74* (B photo & frag. F!), Raimondi 4146 (F!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Rudgea valida Rusby


Rudgea valida Rusby = Psychotria reticulata Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1365: 206; Standley, P. C., 1931: 313. 


$


 Rudgea verticillata (Ruiz & Pav.) Spreng.



Rudgea verticillata (Ruiz & Pav.) Spreng.

Synonyms: Rudgea verticillata Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 170. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz s.n.* (F!), Schunke 5338 (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Rudgea woronovii Standl.



Rudgea woronovii Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 171; Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 1064. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Williams 1077 (F!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Rudolfiella floribunda (C. Schweinf.) Hoehne



Rudolfiella floribunda (C. Schweinf.) Hoehne

Synonyms: Rudolfiella floribunda (Schltr.) C. Schweinf., Rudolfiella floribunda Schltr.
Reference: Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology. 500-1500 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Rudolfiella saxicola (Schltr.) Hoehne



Rudolfiella saxicola (Schltr.) Hoehne

Synonyms: Rudolfiella saxicola (Schltr.) C. Schweinf., Rudolfiella saxicola Schltr.
Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Ruellia brevifolia (Pohl) C. Ezcurra



Ruellia brevifolia (Pohl) C. Ezcurra

Synonyms: Ruellia brevifolia Backer, Ruellia brevifolia Pohl
Reference: Ezcurra, C., 1989: 278. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 4132 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n, Tumbes.


$


 Ruellia chartacea (T. Anderson) Wassh.



Ruellia chartacea (T. Anderson) Wassh.

Synonyms: Ruellia chartacea Baill., Ruellia chartacea T. Anderson
Reference: Wasshausen, D. C., 1987: 265. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub, tree. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests, riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 3957* (K), Knapp & Alcorn 7362 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Ruellia ciliata Ruiz ex Nees


Ruellia ciliata Ruiz ex Nees = Dyschoriste ciliata (Nees) Kuntze

Reference: Kobuski, C., 1928: 48. 


$


 Ruellia ciliatiflora Hooker



Ruellia ciliatiflora Hooker

Synonyms: Ruellia ciliatiflora Griseb.
Reference: Lillo, M., 1937: 29. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Wasshausen & Encarnaci&oacute;n 926 (US!, USM!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Ruellia colorata Baill.


Ruellia colorata Baill. = Ruellia chartacea (T. Anderson) Wassh.

Reference: Leonard, E. C., 1951: 97; Wasshausen, pers. comm.. 


$


 Ruellia consocialis Lindau



Ruellia consocialis Lindau

Reference: Lindau, G., 1904: 319. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Williams 582 (F!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Ruellia dulcis Cav.


Ruellia dulcis Cav. = Stenandrium dulce (Cav.) Nees

Reference: Leonard, E.C., 1953: 125. 


$


 Ruellia euantha Lindau



Ruellia euantha Lindau

$


 Ruellia floribunda Hook.



Ruellia floribunda Hook.

Synonyms: Ruellia floribunda (Hook.) Nees


$


 Ruellia formosa Humb. & Bonpl.


Ruellia formosa Humb. & Bonpl. = Aphelandra formosa (Humb. & Bonpl.) Nees

Reference: Wasshausen, D. C., 1975: 30. 


$



$


 Ruellia geminiflora Kunth



Ruellia geminiflora Kunth

$


 Ruellia gigantea Humb. & Bonpl.


Ruellia gigantea Humb. & Bonpl. = Trichanthera gigantea (Humb. & Bonpl.) Nees

Reference: Leonard, E. C., 1951: 48. 


$


 Ruellia glischrocalyx Lindau



Ruellia glischrocalyx Lindau

Synonyms: Ruellia glischrocalyx (Nees) Lindau, Ruellia glischrocalyx Nees
Reference: Wasshausen, pers. comm. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Ule 6817* (B, presumed destroyed), Foster 11461 (F!, USM!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Ruellia graecizans Backer


Ruellia graecizans Backer = Ruellia brevifolia (Pohl) C. Ezcurra

Reference: Ezcurra, C., 1989: 278. 


$


 Ruellia grandiflora (Nees) Lindau


Ruellia grandiflora (Nees) Lindau = Ruellia neoneesiana Wassh.

Reference: Wasshausen, pers. comm.. 


$


 Ruellia haenkeana (Nees) Wassh.



Ruellia haenkeana (Nees) Wassh.

Synonyms: Ruellia haenkeana Nees
Reference: Wasshausen, D. C., 1988: 423. 
Ecology: Endemic subshrub, vine. Andean I-II: forests. 500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 9492 (MO!, USM!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Madre de Dios, Puno.


$


 Ruellia inflata Richard



Ruellia inflata Richard

$


 Ruellia lasiostachya Leonard



Ruellia lasiostachya Leonard

Reference: Leonard, E. C., 1951: 105. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 28667 (US!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Ruellia lechleri Britton



Ruellia lechleri Britton

Reference: Rusby, H. H., 1900: 75. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Wasshausen & Salas 1198 (US!)
Departments: Cuzco, Pasco, Puno.


$


 Ruellia lorentziana Griseb.


Ruellia lorentziana Griseb. = Ruellia ciliatiflora Hooker

Reference: Leonard, E. C., 1951: 94; Wasshausen, pers. comm.. 


$


 Ruellia malacosperma Greenm.



Ruellia malacosperma Greenm.

Reference: Leonard, E. C., 1951: 73. 
Ecology: Cultivated herb. Amazonian, Coastal: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Fern&aacute;ndez 87 (US!, USM!)
Departments: Ancash, Lambayeque, Lima, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Tumbes.


$


 Ruellia menthoides (Nees) Hiern



Ruellia menthoides (Nees) Hiern

Synonyms: Ruellia menthoides Nees


$


 Ruellia mollis (Nees) Lindau



Ruellia mollis (Nees) Lindau

Synonyms: Ruellia mollis Nees


$


 Ruellia neoneesiana Wassh.



Ruellia neoneesiana Wassh.

Synonyms: Ruellia neoneesiana (Nees) Lindau, Ruellia neoneesiana Nees, Ruellia neoneesiana Nees
Reference: Wasshausen, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Note: New name validated in Appendix I.  
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Ferreyra 4233 (US!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lambayeque, Lima, Tumbes.


$


 Ruellia pacifica Svenson



Ruellia pacifica Svenson

Reference: Svenson, H. K., 1946: 486. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I: rocky slopes. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 7061 (USM!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Piura.


$



$


 Ruellia pedunculosa (Nees) B.D. Jacks. & Hook. f.



Ruellia pedunculosa (Nees) B.D. Jacks. & Hook. f.

Synonyms: Ruellia pedunculosa Nees


$


 Ruellia phyllocalyx Lindau



Ruellia phyllocalyx Lindau

Reference: Lindau, G., 1904: 320. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ule 6398* (HBG, V&aacute;squez et al. 4698 (AMAZ!, US!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Ruellia proxima Lindau



Ruellia proxima Lindau

$


 Ruellia puri (Nees) Mart. ex Jacks.



Ruellia puri (Nees) Mart. ex Jacks.

$


 Ruellia quadrifaria (Nees) Lindau


Ruellia quadrifaria (Nees) Lindau = Ruellia glischrocalyx Lindau

$


 Ruellia quitensis Kunth


Ruellia quitensis Kunth = Dyschoriste quitensis (Kunth) Kuntze

$


 Ruellia rauhii Wassh.



Ruellia rauhii Wassh.

Reference: Wasshausen, D. C., 1988: 421. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Wasshausen & Encarnaci&oacute;n 581* (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Ruellia repens Ruiz ex Nees


Ruellia repens Ruiz ex Nees = Dyschoriste repens (Nees) Kuntze

Reference: Kobuski, C., 1928: 52. 


$


 Ruellia ruiziana (Nees) Lindau



Ruellia ruiziana (Nees) Lindau

Synonyms: Ruellia ruiziana Nees


$


 Ruellia schlechtendaliana Hemsl.



Ruellia schlechtendaliana Hemsl.

$


 Ruellia spectabilis (Hook.) Nicholson



Ruellia spectabilis (Hook.) Nicholson

Synonyms: Ruellia spectabilis Hook.


$


 Ruellia tarapotana Lindau



Ruellia tarapotana Lindau

Reference: Lindau, G., 1904: 318. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Ule 6490* (K frag. US), Plowman et al. 11404 (US!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Ruellia tessmannii Mildbr.



Ruellia tessmannii Mildbr.

Reference: Mildbraed, J., 1925: 267. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 1149 (US!)
Departments: Loreto, Ucayali.


$


 Ruellia thyrsostachya Lindau



Ruellia thyrsostachya Lindau

Reference: Lindau, G., 1904: 320. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 1173* (US!), Wasshausen & Tovar 1267 (US!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, Puno, Ucayali.


$



$


 Ruellia tuberosa L.



Ruellia tuberosa L.

Reference: Leonard, E. C., 1951: 78. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Coastal: grasslands. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Hudson 987 (MO!)
Departments: Lambayeque, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Ruellia yurimaguensis Lindau



Ruellia yurimaguensis Lindau

Reference: Lindau, G., 1904: 317. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests, riversides. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Ule 6282* (B photo F), Barbour 5800 (US!, USM!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Ruizodendron ovale (Ruiz & Pav.) R.E. Fr.



Ruizodendron ovale (Ruiz & Pav.) R.E. Fr.

Synonyms: Ruizodendron ovale Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1277: 727. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (B), Klug 3798 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Ruizterania trichanthera (Warm.) Marcano-Berti



Ruizterania trichanthera (Warm.) Marcano-Berti

Synonyms: Ruizterania trichanthera Warm.
Reference: Marcano-Berti, L., 1969: 15. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: In Staflen (1953) under Qualea trichanthera Warming; also treated under Quabea by Spichiger et al. (1990). 
Voucher: Pariona & Pedro 1010 
Departments: Loreto, Pasco.


$


 Rumex acetosella L.



Rumex acetosella L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1251: 446; Brandbyge, J., 1989: 16. 
Ecology: Introduced herb. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, rocky slopes, shrublands. 2000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Smith et al. 10757 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, La Libertad.


$


 Rumex conglomeratus Murray



Rumex conglomeratus Murray

Synonyms: Rumex conglomeratus Kunth
Reference: Flora Peru: 1251: 447; Brandbyge, J., 1989: 20. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: disturbed areas, riversides. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui 9344 (MO!)
Departments: Arequipa, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima.


$


 Rumex crispus L.



Rumex crispus L.

Synonyms: Rumex crispus Gay, nom. illeg.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1251: 447; Brandbyge, J., 1989: 20. 
Ecology: Introduced herb. Andean I-II, Coastal: disturbed areas. 1000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Hudson 991 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Lambayeque, Lima, La Libertad.


$


 Rumex cuneifolius Campd.



Rumex cuneifolius Campd.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1251: 447; Rechinger, K. H., 1934: 20. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-III: riversides. 1000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Holway 766 
Departments: Arequipa, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Puno.


$


 Rumex divaricatus L.


Rumex divaricatus L. = Rumex pulcher subsp. divaricatus (L.) Murb.

$


 Rumex hastulatus Smith


Rumex hastulatus Smith = Muehlenbeckia hastulata (Smith) I.M. Johnst.

Reference: FP 1251: 454; Johnston, I. M., 1928: 88. 


$


 Rumex litoralis Kunth


Rumex litoralis Kunth = Rumex conglomeratus Murray

Reference: Rechinger, K. H., 1934: 45. 


$


 Rumex obtusifolius L.



Rumex obtusifolius L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1251: 448; Brandbyge, J., 1989: 22. 
Ecology: Introduced herb. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, riversides. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Herrera 2347 
Departments: Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Lima.


$


 Rumex patientia Gay, nom. illeg.


Rumex patientia Gay, nom. illeg. = Rumex crispus L.

Reference: Anonymous, , 1897: 44. 


$


 Rumex patientia L.



Rumex patientia L.

Reference: Gutte, G, K. M&uuml;ller & C. M&uuml;ller, 1986: 192. 
Ecology: Native herb. Coastal: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gutte & M&uuml;ller 10013 (LZ, USM)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Rumex peruanus Rech. f.



Rumex peruanus Rech. f.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1251: 448; Brandbyge, J., 1989: 19. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean III: bogs. 4000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 5473* (B), Macbride 2492 
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Rumex pulcher L.



Rumex pulcher L.

$


 Rumex pulcher subsp.divaricatus (L.) Murb.



Rumex pulcher subsp. divaricatus (L.) Murb.

Synonyms: Rumex pulcher divaricatus L.
Reference: Gutte, G, K. M&uuml;ller & C. M&uuml;ller, 1986: 192; Rechinger, K. H., 1932: 35. 
Ecology: Introduced herb. . 
Voucher: M&uuml;ller et al. 1118 (LZ, USM)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Rumex pulcher subsp.pulcher L.



Rumex pulcher subsp. pulcher L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1251: 449; Brandbyge, J., 1989: 24. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Rumex spinosa L.


Rumex spinosa L. = Emex spinosa (L.) Campd.

$


 Ruppia filifolia (Phil.) Skottsb.



Ruppia filifolia (Phil.) Skottsb.

Synonyms: Ruppia filifolia Hagstrom, Ruppia filifolia Phil.
Reference: Haynes, R. R. & L. B. Holm-Nielsen, 1986: 66. 
Ecology: Native aquatic herb. Andean II: submerged. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Solomon 2919 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Jun&iacute;n, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Ruppia maritima L.



Ruppia maritima L.

Synonyms: Ruppia maritima Koch ex Reichb.
Reference: Flora Peru: 620: 88; Haynes, R. R. & L. B. Holm-Nielsen, 1986: 64. 
Ecology: Native aquatic herb. Andean I, Coastal: submerged. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Iltis et al. 401 (MO!)
Departments: Ica, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, La Libertad, Piura.


$


 Ruppia obtusa Hagstrom


Ruppia obtusa Hagstrom = Ruppia filifolia (Phil.) Skottsb.

Reference: Haynes, R. R. & L. B. Holm-Nielsen, 1986: 66. 


$


 Ruppia rostellata Koch ex Reichb.


Ruppia rostellata Koch ex Reichb. = Ruppia maritima L.

Reference: Haynes, R. R. & L. B. Holm-Nielsen, 1986: 64. 


$


 Ruprechtia apetala Wedd.



Ruprechtia apetala Wedd.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1251: 463; Cocucci, A. E., 1961: 255. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   According to Cocucci (1961) the collection cited in the Flora of Peru (Weberbauer 6206) is probably misidentified. 


$


 Ruprechtia cruegerii Grisebach ex Lindau



Ruprechtia cruegerii Grisebach ex Lindau

Reference: Cocucci, A. E., 1961: 254; Brandbyge, J., 1989: 60. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry 38180 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Ruprechtia jamesonii Meisn.



Ruprechtia jamesonii Meisn.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1251: 463; Cocucci, A. E., 1961: 247; Brandbyge, J., 1989: 58. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Haught 131 (US)
Departments: Piura, Tumbes.


$


 Ruprechtia tangarana Standl.



Ruprechtia tangarana Standl.

Reference: Cocucci, A. E., 1961: 233. 
Ecology: Native tree, treelet. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests, riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 115* (F), V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 11589 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Ucayali.


$


 Rusbya pearcei Britton


Rusbya pearcei Britton = Demosthenesia pearcei (Britton) A.C. Sm.

Reference: FP 1325: 89. 


$


 Rusbyanthus cinchonifolius Gilg


Rusbyanthus cinchonifolius Gilg = Macrocarpaea cinchonifolia (Gilg) Weaver

Reference: Weaver Jr., R. E., 1974: 300. 


$


 Rusbyella caespitosa Rolfe



Rusbyella caespitosa Rolfe

Synonyms: Rusbyella caespitosa C. Schweinf.
Reference: Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 166. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean II: forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Peyton & Peyton 1148 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Rusbyella pusilla (C. Schweinf.) Garay


Rusbyella pusilla (C. Schweinf.) Garay = Buesiella pusilla C. Schweinf.

Reference: FP 1510: 71; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Russelia alternifolia Pers.


Russelia alternifolia Pers. = Galvesia fruticosa Gmel.

Reference: FP 1361: 674. 


$


 Russelia equisetiformis Schltr. & Cham.



Russelia equisetiformis Schltr. & Cham.

Synonyms: Russelia equisetiformis Zucc.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1361: 702. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Russelia juncea Zucc.


Russelia juncea Zucc. = Russelia equisetiformis Schltr. & Cham.

Reference: FP 1361: 702. 


$


 Russelia peruviana Spruce ex Benth.


Russelia peruviana Spruce ex Benth. =   

Reference: Barringer, K., 1985: 129. 


$


 Rustia isernii Standl.


Rustia isernii Standl. = Alibertia isernii (Standl.) D.R. Simpson

Reference: Simpson, D. R., 1976: 8. 


$


 Rustia rubra Standl. ex D.R. Simpson



Rustia rubra Standl. ex D.R. Simpson

Reference: Simpson, D. R., 1976: 4. 
Ecology: Native shrub, treelet. Andean I: disturbed areas. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 6162 (UCBP)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Rustia secundiflora Schumann



Rustia secundiflora Schumann

Reference: Simpson, D. R., 1976: 6. 
Ecology: Native shrub, treelet. Amazonian: forests, swamps. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 4877 (F)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Ruta chalepensis L.



Ruta chalepensis L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 655: 688. 
Ecology: Introduced herb, shrub. Andean II: disturbed areas. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Brunel 442 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto.


$


 Ruta graveolens L.



Ruta graveolens L.

Reference: Cowan, R. S. & L. B. Smith, 1973: 45. 
Ecology: Cultivated . 
Note: Cultivated, but no voucher seen.  


$


 Ruyschia corallina Martius


Ruyschia corallina Martius = Souroubea corallina (Martius) de Roon

Reference: De Roon, A. C., 1975: 171. 


$


 Ruyschia pavonii G. Don



Ruyschia pavonii G. Don

Synonyms: Ruyschia pavonii Delph., Ruyschia pavonii Ruiz & Pav. ex E.A. L&oacute;pez
Reference: De Roon, A. C., 1975: 148. 
Ecology: Native hemiepiphyte, shrub, treelet. Andean II: cloud forests, disturbed areas, rocky slopes. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA photo F!), Macbride 3776 (F)
Departments: Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Pasco.


$


 Ruyschia sphaeradenia Delph.


Ruyschia sphaeradenia Delph. = Ruyschia pavonii G. Don

Reference: FP 1309: 709; De Roon, A. C., 1975: 148. 


$


 Ryania angustifolia (Turcz.) Monach.



Ryania angustifolia (Turcz.) Monach.

Synonyms: Ryania angustifolia Turcz.
Reference: Sleumer, H., 1980: 270. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas, terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Fox 103 (K)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Ryania bicolor (DC.) Eichler


Ryania bicolor (DC.) Eichler = Ryania speciosa var. bicolor (DC.) Monach.

Reference: Sleumer, H., 1980: 268. 


$


 Ryania pyrifera (Richard) Uittien & Sleumer



Ryania pyrifera (Richard) Uittien & Sleumer

Synonyms: Ryania pyrifera Richard
Reference: Flora Peru: 732: 35; Sleumer, H., 1980: 272. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   Specimens cited in the Flora of Peru as R. pyrifera are redetermined by Sleumer (1980) as Ryania speciosa var. bicolor, R. speciosa var. minor, R. speciosa var. subuliflora, R. speciosa var. tomentosa, and R. spruceana. 


$


 Ryania pyrifera var. subiliflora Sandwith


Ryania pyrifera var. subiliflora Sandwith = Ryania speciosa var. subuliflora (Sandwith) Monach.

Reference: Sleumer, H., 1980: 262. 


$


 Ryania speciosa M. Vahl



Ryania speciosa M. Vahl

Reference: Flora Peru: 732: 35; Sleumer, H., 1980: 260. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Ryania speciosa var.bicolor (DC.) Monach.



Ryania speciosa var. bicolor (DC.) Monach.

Synonyms: Ryania speciosa bicolor (DC.) Eichler, Ryania speciosa bicolor DC.
Reference: Sleumer, H., 1980: 268. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 795 (F)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Ryania speciosa var.minor Monach.



Ryania speciosa var. minor Monach.

Reference: Sleumer, H., 1980: 263. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: terra firme forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 5016 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto.


$


 Ryania speciosa var.subuliflora (Sandwith) Monach.



Ryania speciosa var. subuliflora (Sandwith) Monach.

Synonyms: Ryania speciosa var. subuliflora Sandwith
Reference: Sleumer, H., 1980: 262. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Klug 2635 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Ryania speciosa var.tomentosa (Miq.) Monach.



Ryania speciosa var. tomentosa (Miq.) Monach.

Synonyms: Ryania speciosa tomentosa Miq.
Reference: Sleumer, H., 1980: 266. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Croat 19535 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Ucayali.


$


 Ryania spruceana Monchino



Ryania spruceana Monchino

Reference: Sleumer, H., 1980: 273. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Croat 18518 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto.


$


 Ryania tomentosa Miq.


Ryania tomentosa Miq. = Ryania speciosa var. tomentosa (Miq.) Monach.

Reference: Sleumer, H., 1980: 266. 


$


 Rytidophyllum melastoma Poepp.


Rytidophyllum melastoma Poepp. = Parakohleria melastoma (Poepp.) Wiehler

Reference: Wiehler, H., 1978: 8. 


$


 Rytidophyllum purpureum Poepp.


Rytidophyllum purpureum Poepp. = Parakohleria purpurea (Poepp.) Wiehler

Reference: Wiehler, H., 1978: 8. 


$


 Rytidostylis amazonica (C. Mart. ex Cogn.) Kuntze



Rytidostylis amazonica (C. Mart. ex Cogn.) Kuntze

Synonyms: Rytidostylis amazonica C. Mart. ex Cogn.
Reference: Jeffrey, C., 1978: 375. 
Ecology: Native vine. Amazonian: riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Mexia 6460 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Ucayali.


$


 Rytidostylis carthaginensis (Jacq.) Kuntze



Rytidostylis carthaginensis (Jacq.) Kuntze

Synonyms: Rytidostylis carthaginensis Jacq.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1379: 367; Jeffrey, C., 1978: 366; Jeffrey, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Rytidostylis trianaei (Cogn.) Kuntze



Rytidostylis trianaei (Cogn.) Kuntze

Synonyms: Rytidostylis trianaei Cogn.
Reference: Jeffrey, C., 1978: 366. 
Ecology: Native vine. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui 12399 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Rytiglossa ruiziana Nees


Rytiglossa ruiziana Nees = Justicia ruiziana (Nees) Lindau

$


 Rytilix granularis (L.) Skeels


Rytilix granularis (L.) Skeels = Hackelochloa granularis (L.) Kuntze

Reference: FP 719: 258. 


$


 Sabicea amazonensis Wernham



Sabicea amazonensis Wernham

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 87; Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 524. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 2085 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Sabicea cana Hook.



Sabicea cana Hook.

Synonyms: Sabicea cana Krause
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 88; Standley, P. C., 1930: 50. 
Ecology: Native herb, liana, subshrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 5779 (LA at MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sabicea flavida Krause


Sabicea flavida Krause = Sabicea cana Hook.

Reference: FP 1365: 88; Wernham, H. F., 1914: 52. 


$


 Sabicea hirsuta Kunth


Sabicea hirsuta Kunth = Sabicea villosa Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.

Reference: FP 1365: 90; Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 531. 


$


 Sabicea hirsuta var. adpressa Wernham


Sabicea hirsuta var. adpressa Wernham = Sabicea villosa Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.

Reference: FP 1365: 90; Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 532. 


$


 Sabicea klugii Standl.



Sabicea klugii Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 88. 
Ecology: Endemic subshrub. Andean I-II: disturbed areas. 1000-2000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Klug 3425* (MO!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sabicea lindmaniana Wernham



Sabicea lindmaniana Wernham

Reference: Wernham, H. F., 1914: 50. 
Ecology: Native liana, shrub. Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 9285 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Sabicea novo-granatensis Schumann



Sabicea novo-granatensis Schumann

Reference: Standley, P. C., 1930: 51. 
Ecology: Native liana, shrub, vine. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 961 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, Ucayali.


$


 Sabicea paraensis (Schumann) Wernham



Sabicea paraensis (Schumann) Wernham

Synonyms: Sabicea paraensis Schumann
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 88; Wernham, H. F., 1914: 31. 
Ecology: Native herb, liana, shrub, subshrub, vine. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests, seasonally inundated areas, swamps. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 4808 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sabicea pearcei Wernham



Sabicea pearcei Wernham

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 89; Standley, P. C., 1931: 285. 
Ecology: Native subshrub. Andean I-II: forests. 1000-2000 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   This may be synonymous with S. subinvolucrata. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 25598 
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Sabicea pumila Bartl. ex DC.



Sabicea pumila Bartl. ex DC.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 89; Wernham, H. F., 1914: 75. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. . 
Note: The type material is scant; Wernham (1914) and Standley (1936), both suggest that this may be a Hoffmannia. 
Voucher: Haenke s.n.* (G)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Sabicea subinvolucrata Wernham



Sabicea subinvolucrata Wernham

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 89; Wernham, H. F., 1914: 38. 
Ecology: Native vine. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 4370* (W photo F!), Williams 7106 (F)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sabicea umbellata (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.



Sabicea umbellata (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.

Synonyms: Sabicea umbellata Ruiz & Pav., Sabicea umbellata Schumann superfl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 90; Wernham, H. F., 1914: 40. 
Ecology: Native subshrub, vine. Amazonian, Andean I-II: seasonally inundated areas. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (B), Young & Stratton 112 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Madre de Dios.


$


 Sabicea umbellata var. genuina Schumann superfl.


Sabicea umbellata var. genuina Schumann superfl. = Sabicea umbellata (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.

Reference: FP 1365: 90. 


$


 Sabicea umbellata var. paraensis Schumann


Sabicea umbellata var. paraensis Schumann = Sabicea paraensis (Schumann) Wernham

Reference: FP 1365: 88; Wernham, H. F., 1914: 31. 


$


 Sabicea villosa var. adpressa (Wernham) Standl.


Sabicea villosa var. adpressa (Wernham) Standl. = Sabicea villosa Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.

Reference: FP 1365: 90; Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 532. 


$


 Sabicea villosa Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.



Sabicea villosa Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.

Synonyms: Sabicea villosa (Wernham) Standl., Sabicea villosa Kunth, Sabicea villosa Wernham
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 90; Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 529. 
Ecology: Native liana, vine. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests, riversides, seasonally inundated areas, swamps. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Croat 17669 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Saccellium lanceolatum Humb. & Bonpl.



Saccellium lanceolatum Humb. & Bonpl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1285: 592. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Bonpland s.n.* (P), Gentry et al. 22695 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca.


$


 Saccharum cayennense (P. Beauv.) Benth.


Saccharum cayennense (P. Beauv.) Benth. = Eriochrysis cayennensis P. Beauv.

Reference: Pohl, R. W., 1980: 213; Killeen, T. J., 1990: 157. 


$


 Saccharum contractum Kunth


Saccharum contractum Kunth = Imperata contracta (Kunth) Hitchc.

Reference: FP 719: 248. 


$


 Saccharum infirmum Steud. ex Lechler


Saccharum infirmum Steud. ex Lechler = Saccharum officinarum L.

Reference: Hitchcock, A. S., 1927: 493. 


$


 Saccharum officinarum L.



Saccharum officinarum L.

Synonyms: Saccharum officinarum Steud. ex Lechler
Reference: Flora Peru: 719: 249. 
Ecology: Cultivated herb. Amazonian: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Barbour 5131 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Saccharum pappiferum Lam.


Saccharum pappiferum Lam. = Pappophorum pappiferum (Lam.) Kuntze

Reference: Reeder, J. R. & L. J. Toolin, 1989: 349. 


$


 Saccharum repens Willd.


Saccharum repens Willd. = Rhynchelytrum repens (Willd.) C.E. Hubb.

Reference: Judziewicz, E. J., 1990[1991]: 557. 


$


 Saccharum sagittatum Aubl.


Saccharum sagittatum Aubl. = Gynerium sagittatum (Aubl.) P. Beauv.

Reference: FP 719: 139. 


$


 Sacciolepis angustissima (Hochst. ex Steud.) Kuhlmann



Sacciolepis angustissima (Hochst. ex Steud.) Kuhlmann

Synonyms: Sacciolepis angustissima Hochst. ex Steud., Sacciolepis angustissima Swallen
Reference: Judziewicz, E. J., 1990: 415; Tovar, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I: savannas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Scott 803 (USM!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Sacciolepis myuros (Lam.) Chase



Sacciolepis myuros (Lam.) Chase

Synonyms: Sacciolepis myuros Lam.
Reference: Tovar, O., 1986: 56; Judziewicz, E. J., 1990: 418. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Scott 804 (US, USM!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Sacciolepis pungens Swallen


Sacciolepis pungens Swallen = Sacciolepis angustissima (Hochst. ex Steud.) Kuhlmann

Reference: Judziewicz, E. J., 1990: 415; Tovar, pers. comm.. 


$


 Saccoloma elegans Kaulf.



Saccoloma elegans Kaulf.

Reference: Flora Peru: 7300: 32. 
Ecology: Native herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Soukup 1090 (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Pasco, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Saccoloma inaequale (Kunze) Mett.



Saccoloma inaequale (Kunze) Mett.

Reference: Flora Peru: 7300: 31. 
Ecology: Native herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 239 (F!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Saccoloma inaequale var. caudata Hieron.


Saccoloma inaequale var. caudata Hieron. = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 31. 


$


 Saccoloma wercklei H. Christ


Saccoloma wercklei H. Christ = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 28. 


$


 Sacoglottis amazonica Mart.



Sacoglottis amazonica Mart.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1961: 169. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Cited voucher is one of three sterile collections at MO.  
Voucher: Gentry et al. 42891 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Sacoglottis ceratocarpa Ducke



Sacoglottis ceratocarpa Ducke

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1961: 165. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests on white sand, terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Cited voucher is only fertile collection among five at MO.  
Voucher: Gentry et al. 56340 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Sacoglottis excelsa Ducke


Sacoglottis excelsa Ducke = Humiriastrum excelsum (Ducke) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1961: 133. 


$


 Sacoglottis excelsa var. columbiana Cuatrec.


Sacoglottis excelsa var. columbiana Cuatrec. = Humiriastrum colombianum (Cuatrec.) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1961: 134. 


$


 Sacoglottis guianensis Benth.



Sacoglottis guianensis Benth.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1961: 174. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 39466 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Sacoglottis mattogrossensis Malme



Sacoglottis mattogrossensis Malme

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1961: 181. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: swamps, terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 8192 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, Ucayali.


$


 Sacoglottis reticulata Ducke


Sacoglottis reticulata Ducke = Schistostemon reticulatum subsp. reticulatum 

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1961: 154. 


$


 Sacoglottis uchi Huber


Sacoglottis uchi Huber = Endopleura uchi (Huber) Cuatrec.

Reference: FP 648: 628; Cuatrecasas, J., 1961: 81. 
Note: NN  


$


 Sacoglottis verrucosa Ducke


Sacoglottis verrucosa Ducke = Duckesia verrucosa (Ducke) Cuatrec.

$


 Sacoila lanceolata (Aubl.) Garay


Sacoila lanceolata (Aubl.) Garay = Stenorrhynchos lanceolatum (Aubl.) Rich. ex Spreng.

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Saffordia induta Maxon



Saffordia induta Maxon

Reference: Flora Peru: 7300: 134. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Safford 989* (US)


$


 Sageretia decussata G. Don


Sageretia decussata G. Don = Scutia spicata (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Weberb. var. spicata 

Reference: FP 1299: 397; Johnston, M. C., 1974: 70. 


$


 Sageretia elegans (Kunth) Brongn.



Sageretia elegans (Kunth) Brongn.

Synonyms: Sageretia elegans Kunth
Reference: Flora Peru: 1299: 395; Johnston, M. C. & L. A. Johnston, 1978: 81. 


$


 Sageretia senticosa (Kunth) Brongn.


Sageretia senticosa (Kunth) Brongn. = Scutia spicata (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Weberb. var. spicata 

Reference: FP 1299: 397; Johnston, M. C., 1974: 70. 


$


 Sagina apetala Arduino



Sagina apetala Arduino

Reference: Flora Peru: 1267: 580. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: grasslands. 3000-3500 m. 
Departments: Ayacucho, Cajamarca.


$


 Sagina crassifolia D'Urville


Sagina crassifolia D'Urville = Colobanthus crassifolius (D'Urville) Hook. f.

Reference: FP 1267: 581. 


$


 Sagina quitensis Kunth


Sagina quitensis Kunth = Colobanthus crassifolius (D'Urville) Hook. f.

Reference: FP 1267: 581. 


$


 Sagittaria guayanensis Kunth



Sagittaria guayanensis Kunth

Synonyms: Sagittaria guayanensis (Kunth) Micheli ex J.G. Sm.
Reference: Flora Peru: 678: 93; Holm-Nielsen, L. B. & R. R. Haynes, 1986: 20. 
Ecology: Native aquatic herb. Amazonian: floating, submerged. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 6088 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Sagittaria montevidensis Cham. & Schltdl.



Sagittaria montevidensis Cham. & Schltdl.

$


 Sagittaria palaefolia Nees & Mart.


Sagittaria palaefolia Nees & Mart. = Echinodorus palaefolius (Nees & Mart.) J.F. Macbr.

Reference: FP 678: 92. 
Note: NN  


$


 Sagittaria rhombifolia Cham.



Sagittaria rhombifolia Cham.

Reference: Holm-Nielsen & Haynes, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native aquatic herb. Amazonian: emergent. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Rabelo 629 (NY!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Sagittaria sprucei Micheli in DC.



Sagittaria sprucei Micheli in DC.

Reference: Holm-Nielsen, L. B. & R. R. Haynes, 1986: 24. 
Ecology: Native aquatic herb. Amazonian: emergent. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez 3223 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Sagotia racemosa Baill.



Sagotia racemosa Baill.

Reference: Secco, R. de S., 1985: 81. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ru&iacute;z 514 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Sagraea discolor Triana


Sagraea discolor Triana = Clidemia discolor (Triana) Cogn.

Reference: Wurdack, J. J., 1980: 307. 


$


 Sagraea epiphytica Triana


Sagraea epiphytica Triana = Clidemia epiphytica (Triana) Cogn. var. epiphytica 

Reference: Wurdack, J. J., 1980: 310. 


$


 Sagraea heteronervis Naudin


Sagraea heteronervis Naudin = Clidemia heteronervis (Naudin) Wurdack

Reference: FP 761: 506; Wurdack, J. J., 1971: 126. 


$


 Sagraea serpens Triana


Sagraea serpens Triana = Clidemia serpens (Triana) Cogn.

Reference: FP 761: 493; Wurdack, J. J., 1980: 311. 


$


 Salacia alwynii Mennega



Salacia alwynii Mennega

Reference: Mennega, A. M. W., 1984: 84. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry & Jaramillo 28049* (MO!), Gentry & Jaramillo 54576 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Salacia amazonica Loes.


Salacia amazonica Loes. = Peritassa laevigata (Hoffmanns. & Link) A.C. Sm.

Reference: FP 689: 207. 


$


 Salacia anomala (Miers) Peyritsch


Salacia anomala (Miers) Peyritsch = Cheiloclinium anomalum Miers

Reference: FP 689: 202. 


$


 Salacia articulata A.C. Sm.


Salacia articulata A.C. Sm. = Cheiloclinium articulatum (A.C. Sm.) A.C. Sm.

Reference: Smith, A. C., 1940: 534. 


$


 Salacia attenuata (Miers) Peyr.


Salacia attenuata (Miers) Peyr. = Tontelea attenuata Miers

Reference: FP 689: 210. 


$


 Salacia caloneura A.C. Sm.



Salacia caloneura A.C. Sm.

Reference: Smith, A. C., 1940: 460. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 7573 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Salacia cauliflora A.C. Sm.



Salacia cauliflora A.C. Sm.

Reference: Smith, A. C., 1940: 457. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: van der Werff et al. 10132 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Salacia colasi Benoist


Salacia colasi Benoist = Peritassa dulcis (Benth.) Miers

Reference: FP 689: 205. 


$


 Salacia congestiflora A.C. Sm.


Salacia congestiflora A.C. Sm. = Tontelea congestiflora (A. C. Smith) A.C. Sm.

Reference: Smith, A. C., 1940: 496. 


$


 Salacia coriaceae (A.C. Sm.) J.F. Macbr.


Salacia coriaceae (A.C. Sm.) J.F. Macbr. = Tontelea coriacea A.C. Sm.

Reference: FP 689: 210. 


$


 Salacia corymbosa Huber


Salacia corymbosa Huber = Tontelea corymbosa (Huber) A.C. Sm.

Reference: FP 689: 211. 


$


 Salacia cuspidata A.C. Sm.



Salacia cuspidata A.C. Sm.

Reference: Smith, A. C., 1940: 431. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Revilla 1935 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Salacia decussata (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) G. Don


Salacia decussata (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) G. Don = Anthodon decussatum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 689: 220. 


$


 Salacia divergens (A. C. Smith) J.F. Macbr.


Salacia divergens (A. C. Smith) J.F. Macbr. = Tontelea divergens A.C. Sm.

Reference: FP 689: 211. 


$


 Salacia dulcis Benth.


Salacia dulcis Benth. = Peritassa dulcis (Benth.) Miers

Reference: FP 689: 205. 


$


 Salacia emarginata (A.C. Sm.) J.F. Macbr.


Salacia emarginata (A.C. Sm.) J.F. Macbr. = Tontelea emarginata A.C. Sm.

Reference: FP 689: 211. 


$


 Salacia fluminensis Peyr.


Salacia fluminensis Peyr. = Tontelea ovalifolia subsp. richardii (Peyritsch) Gorts & Mennega

Reference: FP 689: 212; Mennega, A. M. W., 1992: 233. 


$


 Salacia gigantea Loes.



Salacia gigantea Loes.

Reference: Smith, A. C., 1940: 450. 
Ecology: Native liana, shrub, treelet. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 45820 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Salacia gracilis A.C. Sm.


Salacia gracilis A.C. Sm. = Salacia opacifolia (J.F. Macbr.) A.C. Sm.

Reference: FP 689: 214. 


$


 Salacia grandiflora (Bentham) Peyritsch


Salacia grandiflora (Bentham) Peyritsch = Salacia impressifolia (Miers) A.C. Sm.

Reference: FP 689: 212. 


$


 Salacia hippocrateoides Peyritsch


Salacia hippocrateoides Peyritsch = Cheiloclinium hippocrateoides (Peyritsch) A.C. Sm.

Reference: FP 689: 203. 


$


 Salacia impressifolia (Miers) A.C. Sm.



Salacia impressifolia (Miers) A.C. Sm.

Synonyms: Salacia impressifolia (Bentham) Peyritsch, Salacia impressifolia Benth., Salacia impressifolia Miers
Reference: Flora Peru: 689: 212; Roosmalen, M. G. M. van, 1985: 82. 
Ecology: Native liana, tree. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 18483 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Loreto.


$


 Salacia insignis A.C. Sm.



Salacia insignis A.C. Sm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 689: 213; Roosmalen, M. G. M. van, 1985: 82. 
Ecology: Native liana, tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 74* (NY), Ram&iacute;rez 97 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto.


$


 Salacia juruana Loes.



Salacia juruana Loes.

Reference: Flora Peru: 689: 213. 
Ecology: Native liana, tree, treelet. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 7888 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Salacia krukovii A.C. Sm.


Salacia krukovii A.C. Sm. = Cheiloclinium krukovii (A. C. Smith) A.C. Sm.

Reference: Smith, A. C., 1940: 544. 


$


 Salacia laevigata (Hoffmsg.) DC.


Salacia laevigata (Hoffmsg.) DC. = Peritassa laevigata (Hoffmanns. & Link) A.C. Sm.

Reference: FP 689: 207. 


$


 Salacia lineolata A.C. Sm.


Salacia lineolata A.C. Sm. = Cheiloclinium lineolatum (A. C. Smith) A.C. Sm.

Reference: Smith, A. C., 1940: 533. 


$


 Salacia macrantha A.C. Sm.



Salacia macrantha A.C. Sm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 689: 213. 
Ecology: Native liana, tree. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 43199 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Salacia multiflora (Lam.) DC.



Salacia multiflora (Lam.) DC.

Synonyms: Salacia multiflora Lam.
Reference: Roosmalen, M. G. M. van, 1985: 82; Mennega, A. M. W., 1992: 232. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Ayala et al. 3362 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Salacia myrsinoides (A. C. Smith) J.F. Macbr.


Salacia myrsinoides (A. C. Smith) J.F. Macbr. = Tontelea myrsinoides A.C. Sm.

Reference: FP 689: 214. 


$


 Salacia nectandrifolia A.C. Sm.


Salacia nectandrifolia A.C. Sm. = Tontelea nectandrifolia (A.C. Sm.) A.C. Sm.

Reference: Smith, A. C., 1940: 497. 


$


 Salacia opacifolia (J.F. Macbr.) A.C. Sm.



Salacia opacifolia (J.F. Macbr.) A.C. Sm.

Synonyms: Salacia opacifolia A.C. Sm., Salacia opacifolia J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 689: 214. 
Ecology: Native liana, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 305* (F), V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 502 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Salacia pedunculata A.C. Sm.


Salacia pedunculata A.C. Sm. = Cheiloclinium pendunculatum (A.C. Sm.) A.C. Sm.

Reference: Smith, A. C., 1940: 538. 


$



$


 Salacia richardii Peyritsch


Salacia richardii Peyritsch = Tontelea ovalifolia subsp. richardii (Peyritsch) Gorts & Mennega

Reference: Dodson, C.H. & Robyns, A., 1965: 85; Mennega, A. M. W., 1992: 233. 


$


 Salacia solimoesensis A.C. Sm.



Salacia solimoesensis A.C. Sm.

Reference: Smith, A. C., 1940: 457. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 27696 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Salacia spectabilis A.C. Sm.



Salacia spectabilis A.C. Sm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 689: 215. 
Ecology: Native liana, tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 29416* (NY), Smith & V&aacute;squez 4791 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Salacia ulei Loes.



Salacia ulei Loes.

Reference: Mennega, A. M. W., 1992: 233. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez et al. 7027 (MO!, U)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Salacia weberbaueri (A. C. Smith) J.F. Macbr.


Salacia weberbaueri (A. C. Smith) J.F. Macbr. = Tontelea weberbaueri A.C. Sm.

Reference: FP 689: 215. 


$


 Saldanha illustris Vell.


Saldanha illustris Vell. = Hillia illustris (Vell.) K. Schum.

Reference: FP 1365: 47; Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 174. 


$



$


 Saldanhaea lateriflora (Mart.) Bureau


Saldanhaea lateriflora (Mart.) Bureau = Cuspidaria lateriflora (Mart.) A. DC.

Reference: FP 1362: 64; Gentry, A. H., 1982: 147. 


$


 Saldanhaea pratensis (Bureau & Schumann ex Schumann) Bureau & K. Schum.


Saldanhaea pratensis (Bureau & Schumann ex Schumann) Bureau & K. Schum. = Xylophragma pratense (Bureau & Schumann ex Schumann) Sprague

Reference: FP 1362: 65. 


$


 Saldanhaea seemanniana Kuntze


Saldanhaea seemanniana Kuntze = Xylophragma seemannianum (Kuntze) Sandwith

Reference: Gentry, A. H., 1982: 429. 


$


 Saldanhaea weberbaueri Sprague


Saldanhaea weberbaueri Sprague = Cuspidaria weberbaueri (Sprague) A.H. Gentry

$


 Salicornia biloba Kunze ex Fenzl


Salicornia biloba Kunze ex Fenzl = Salicornia fruticosa (L.) L.

Reference: FP 1253: 470. 


$


 Salicornia equisetifolia Willd. ex Moq.


Salicornia equisetifolia Willd. ex Moq. = Salicornia fruticosa (L.) L.

Reference: FP 1253: 470. 


$


 Salicornia fruticosa (L.) L.



Salicornia fruticosa (L.) L.

Synonyms: Salicornia fruticosa Kunth, Salicornia fruticosa Kunze ex Fenzl, Salicornia fruticosa Lag., Salicornia fruticosa Moquin, Salicornia fruticosa Willd. ex Moq.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1253: 469. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Eyerdam 25371 (MO!)
Departments: Arequipa, La Libertad.


$


 Salicornia gaudichaudiana Moquin


Salicornia gaudichaudiana Moquin = Salicornia fruticosa (L.) L.

Reference: FP 1253: 469. 


$


 Salicornia neei Lag.


Salicornia neei Lag. = Salicornia fruticosa (L.) L.

Reference: FP 1253: 470. 


$


 Salicornia perennis (Miller) A.J. Scott



Salicornia perennis (Miller) A.J. Scott

$


 Salicornia peruviana Kunth


Salicornia peruviana Kunth = Salicornia fruticosa (L.) L.

Reference: FP 1253: 469. 


$


 Salisia gloxiniaeflora Regel


Salisia gloxiniaeflora Regel = Gloxinia perennis (L.) Fritsch

Reference: Wiehler, H., 1976: 386. 
Note: nom. illeg.  


$


 Salisia maculata (L'Heritier) Regel


Salisia maculata (L'Heritier) Regel = Gloxinia perennis (L.) Fritsch

Reference: Wiehler, H., 1976: 386. 


$


 Salisia pallidiflora (Mort.) Regel


Salisia pallidiflora (Mort.) Regel = Gloxinia perennis (L.) Fritsch

Reference: Wiehler, H., 1976: 386. 


$


 Salisia suaveolens (Decne.) Regel


Salisia suaveolens (Decne.) Regel = Gloxinia perennis (L.) Fritsch

$


 Salix chilensis Molina



Salix chilensis Molina

Reference: Flora Peru: 1220: 260. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II, Coastal: riversides. 0-3500 m. 
Voucher: Croat 17972 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Arequipa, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Loreto, Pasco, Tumbes, Ucayali.


$


 Salix humboldtiana Willd.



Salix humboldtiana Willd.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1220: 260; L&oacute;pez, J. A. & E. L. Little Jr., 1987: 332. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I-III, Coastal: disturbed areas, forests. 0-4000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 4956 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Arequipa, Cuzco, Ica, Lambayeque, Lima, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Piura, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Salix martiana Leybold



Salix martiana Leybold

Reference: Flora Peru: 1220: 261. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Salmea mikanioides Britton


Salmea mikanioides Britton = Oblivia mikanioides (Britton) Strother

Reference: Bolick, M. R., 1991: 476. 


$


 Salmea scandens (L.) DC.



Salmea scandens (L.) DC.

Synonyms: Salmea scandens L.
Reference: Bolick, M. R., 1991: 464. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, riversides. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Solomon 3236 (F!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Salmia acuminata (Ruiz & Pavon) Willd.


Salmia acuminata (Ruiz & Pavon) Willd. = Asplundia acuminata (Ruiz & Pav.) Harling

Reference: FP 756: 422; Harling, G., 1958: 166. 


$


 Salmia angustifolia Will.


Salmia angustifolia Will. = Sphaeradenia angustifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Harling

Reference: FP 756: 423; Harling, G., 1958: 346. 


$


 Salmia humilis (Poepp. & Endl.) Steud.


Salmia humilis (Poepp. & Endl.) Steud. = Asplundia humilis (Poepp. & Endl.) Harling

Reference: FP 756: 425; Harling, G., 1958: 252. 


$


 Salmia latifolia (Ruiz & Pavon) Willd.


Salmia latifolia (Ruiz & Pavon) Willd. = Asplundia latifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Harling

Reference: FP 756: 425; Harling, G., 1958: 189. 


$


 Salmia palmata (Ruiz & Pavon) Willd.


Salmia palmata (Ruiz & Pavon) Willd. = Carludovica palmata Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 756: 425; Harling, G., 1958: 128. 


$


 Salmia trigona (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd.


Salmia trigona (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd. = Geonoma trigona (Ruiz & Pav.) A.H. Gentry

Reference: FP 756: 426; Gentry, A. H., 1986: 161. 


$


 Salpianthus pyriformis (Kunth) Standl.


Salpianthus pyriformis (Kunth) Standl. = Cryptocarpus pyriformis Kunth

Reference: FP 1258: 528. 


$


 Salpichroa breviflora Dunal


Salpichroa breviflora Dunal = Schoepfia flexuosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Schult. f.

Reference: FP 1349: 83; Hunziker, A. T., 1978: 117. 


$


 Salpichroa cuspidata Dunal in DC.


Salpichroa cuspidata Dunal in DC. = Ectozoma pavonii Miers

Reference: FP 1349: 84; Hunziker, A. T., 1977: 33. 
Note: NN  


$


 Salpichroa dependens (Hooker) Miers



Salpichroa dependens (Hooker) Miers

Synonyms: Salpichroa dependens (Hooker) Dunal, Salpichroa dependens Hooker
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 60; Keel, S. H.-C. K., 1984: 63. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II-III: forests, riversides. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Mathews 829* (BM), Keel & Centeno 384 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Salpichroa didierana Jaubert



Salpichroa didierana Jaubert

Synonyms: Salpichroa didierana Jaubert
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 61; Keel, S. H.-C. K., 1984: 44. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, liana. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, cloud forests, forests. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez & Arque 8344 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cuzco.


$


 Salpichroa diffusa Miers



Salpichroa diffusa Miers

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 61; Keel, S. H.-C. K., 1984: 101. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Salpichroa diffusa var. longiflora Hicken


Salpichroa diffusa var. longiflora Hicken = Salpichroa weberbauerii Dammer

Reference: FP 1349: 66; Keel, S. H.-C. K., 1984: 72. 


$


 Salpichroa dilatata Dammer


Salpichroa dilatata Dammer = Salpichroa ramosissima Miers

Reference: FP 1349: 62; Keel, S. H.-C. K., 1984: 91. 


$


 Salpichroa foetida Dammer


Salpichroa foetida Dammer = Salpichroa tristis var. tristis 

Reference: FP 1349: 61; Keel, S. H.-C. K., 1984: 106. 


$


 Salpichroa gayi Benoist



Salpichroa gayi Benoist

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 62; Keel, S. H.-C. K., 1984: 98. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II-III: disturbed areas. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Gay 2308* (P), Brunel 136 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Salpichroa glandulosa (Hooker) Miers



Salpichroa glandulosa (Hooker) Miers

Synonyms: Salpichroa glandulosa (Hooker) Wedell, Salpichroa glandulosa Hooker
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 63; Keel, S. H.-C. K., 1984: 50. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II-III: forests. 3000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Cruckshank s.n.* (K), Killip & Smith 22073 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Lambayeque, Lima, Pasco.


$


 Salpichroa hirsuta (Meyen) Miers



Salpichroa hirsuta (Meyen) Miers

Synonyms: Salpichroa hirsuta (Meyen) Dunal, Salpichroa hirsuta Meyen
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 63; Keel, S. H.-C. K., 1984: 68. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II-III: disturbed areas. 3000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Meyen s.n.* (K), Keel 487 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Puno.


$


 Salpichroa longiflora Benoist


Salpichroa longiflora Benoist = Salpichroa microphylla (Dunal) Keel

Reference: Keel, S. H.-C. K., 1993: XX. 


$


 Salpichroa micrantha Benoist



Salpichroa micrantha Benoist

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 64; Keel, S. H.-C. K., 1984: 96. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II-III: disturbed areas. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Gay 1973* (P), Keel 433 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Salpichroa microloba Shirley H. Kuo Keel



Salpichroa microloba Shirley H. Kuo Keel

Reference: Keel, S. H.-C. K., 1993: 46. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II-III: cloud forests, disturbed areas, grasslands, riversides. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Keel & Vilcapoma 397* (NY, MO!), Vilcapoma 129 (US)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Salpichroa microphylla (Dunal) Keel



Salpichroa microphylla (Dunal) Keel

Synonyms: Salpichroa microphylla Benoist, Salpichroa microphylla Dunal
Reference: Keel, S. H.-C. K., 1993: XX. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean III: shrublands. 3500-4000 m. 
Note: New combination made in Appendix 1.  
Voucher: Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (G)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Salpichroa origanifolia (Lamarck) Baill.



Salpichroa origanifolia (Lamarck) Baill.

Synonyms: Salpichroa origanifolia (Lamarck)
Reference: Keel, S. H.-C. K., 1984: 76. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 255 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Salpichroa proboscidea Benoist



Salpichroa proboscidea Benoist

Reference: Keel, S. H.-C. K., 1984: 65. 
Ecology. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Gay 1061* (P), Keel 438 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Salpichroa ramosissima Miers



Salpichroa ramosissima Miers

Synonyms: Salpichroa ramosissima (Miers) Dunal, Salpichroa ramosissima Benoist, Salpichroa ramosissima Dammer, Salpichroa ramosissima Dammer
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 64; Keel, S. H.-C. K., 1984: 91. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, grasslands. 2500- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Mathews 1053* (K), Keel & Vilcapoma 389 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Lima.


$


 Salpichroa scandens (Dammer) Cabrera



Salpichroa scandens (Dammer) Cabrera

Synonyms: Salpichroa scandens Dammer
Reference: Keel, S. H.-C. K., 1984: 88. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean I-II: disturbed areas, riversides. 1000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Keel 415 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho.


$


 Salpichroa tristis Miers



Salpichroa tristis Miers

$


 Salpichroa tristis var.lehmannii (Dammer) Keel



Salpichroa tristis var. lehmannii (Dammer) Keel

Synonyms: Salpichroa tristis lehmannii Dammer


$


 Salpichroa tristis var.tristis



Salpichroa tristis var. tristis 

Synonyms: Salpichroa tristis tristis Dammer, Salpichroa tristis tristis Dammer
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 64; Keel, S. H.-C. K., 1984: 105. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, forests, rocky slopes. 1500-4000 m. 
Voucher: S&aacute;nchez 4237 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Lambayeque.


$


 Salpichroa uncu Benoist


Salpichroa uncu Benoist = Salpichroa ramosissima Miers

Reference: FP 1349: 65; Keel, S. H.-C. K., 1984: 91. 


$


 Salpichroa weberbauerii Dammer



Salpichroa weberbauerii Dammer

Synonyms: Salpichroa weberbauerii Hicken
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 66; Keel, S. H.-C. K., 1984: 72. 
Ecology. 2000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 2693* (B photo F), Keel & Carrillo 444 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Moquegua.


$


 Salpichroma breviflorum Dunal in DC.


Salpichroma breviflorum Dunal in DC. = Schoepfia flexuosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Schult. f.

Reference: Keel, S. H.-C. K., 1984: 125. 


$


 Salpichroma cuspidatum Dunal


Salpichroma cuspidatum Dunal = Ectozoma pavonii Miers

Reference: FP 1349: 84. 
Note: NN  


$


 Salpichroma dependens (Hooker) Dunal


Salpichroma dependens (Hooker) Dunal = Salpichroa dependens (Hooker) Miers

$


 Salpichroma didieranum Jaubert


Salpichroma didieranum Jaubert = Salpichroa didierana Jaubert

$


 Salpichroma dilatata Dammer


Salpichroma dilatata Dammer = Salpichroa ramosissima Miers

$


 Salpichroma foetida Dammer


Salpichroma foetida Dammer = Salpichroa tristis var. tristis 

Reference: Keel, S. H.-C. K., 1984: 106. 


$


 Salpichroma glandulosum (Hooker) Wedell


Salpichroma glandulosum (Hooker) Wedell = Salpichroa glandulosa (Hooker) Miers

$


 Salpichroma hirsutum (Meyen) Dunal


Salpichroma hirsutum (Meyen) Dunal = Salpichroa hirsuta (Meyen) Miers

$


 Salpichroma lehmannii Dammer


Salpichroma lehmannii Dammer = Salpichroa tristis var. lehmannii (Dammer) Keel

Reference: Keel, S. H.-C. K., 1993: XX. 


$


 Salpichroma ramosissimum (Miers) Dunal


Salpichroma ramosissimum (Miers) Dunal = Salpichroa ramosissima Miers

$


 Salpichroma scandens Dammer


Salpichroma scandens Dammer = Salpichroa scandens (Dammer) Cabrera

Reference: Keel, S. H.-C. K., 1984: 88. 


$


 Salpiglossis acutiloba I.M. Johnst.


Salpiglossis acutiloba I.M. Johnst. = Leptoglossis acutiloba (I.M. Johnst.) Hunziker & Subils

Reference: FP 1349: 142; Hunziker, A. T. & R. Subils, 1979: 19. 


$


 Salpiglossis albiflora I.M. Johnst.


Salpiglossis albiflora I.M. Johnst. = Leptoglossis albiflora (I.M. Johnst.) Hunziker & Subils

Reference: FP 1349: 143; Hunziker, A. T. & R. Subils, 1979: 19. 


$


 Salpiglossis linearis I.M. Johnst.


Salpiglossis linearis I.M. Johnst. = Leptoglossis lomana (Diels) Hunziker

Reference: FP 1349: 142. 


$


 Salpiglossis lomana (Diels) J.F. Macbr.


Salpiglossis lomana (Diels) J.F. Macbr. = Leptoglossis lomana (Diels) Hunziker

Reference: FP 1349: 143; D'Arcy, W. G., 1978: 709. 


$


 Salpiglossis schwenkioides (Benth.) Wettstein


Salpiglossis schwenkioides (Benth.) Wettstein = Leptoglossis schwenkioides Benth.

Reference: FP 1349: 143; Hunziker, A. T. & R. Subils, 1979: 15. 


$


 Salpinga ciliata Pilg.



Salpinga ciliata Pilg.

Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 330. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ule 6743* (US!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Salpinga fasciculata Richard ex DC.


Salpinga fasciculata Richard ex DC. = ?  

Reference: FP 761: 329; Wurdack, J. J., 1971: 354. 
Note: NN  


$


 Salpinga maranonensis Wurdack



Salpinga maranonensis Wurdack

Reference: Wurdack, J. J., 1980: 50. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Wurdack 1919* (US!, USM!), L&oacute;pez et al. 4233 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Salpinga peruviana (Cogn.) Wurdack



Salpinga peruviana (Cogn.) Wurdack

Synonyms: Salpinga peruviana (Cogn.) J.F. Macbr., Salpinga peruviana Cogn.
Reference: Wurdack, J. J., 1971: 354. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 4645 , Wolfe 12319 (US)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto.


$


 Salpinga secunda Schrank & Mart. ex DC.



Salpinga secunda Schrank & Mart. ex DC.

Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 330; Wurdack, J. J., 1973: 264. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Amazonian: forests on white sand. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Knapp 7936 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Salvia acuminata Ruiz & Pav.



Salvia acuminata Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 783. 
Ecology: Native subshrub. Andean II: shrublands. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Macbride 4914 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Salvia acutifolia Ruiz & Pav.



Salvia acutifolia Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 804. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: rocky slopes, shrublands. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: Treated as a synonym of S. revoluta in the Flora of Peru.  
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 1190 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Salvia adenoclada Briq.


Salvia adenoclada Briq. = Salvia striata Benth.

Reference: FP 1287: 809. 


$


 Salvia alata Epling



Salvia alata Epling

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 783; Epling, C., 1960: 147. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Andean II: disturbed areas, riversides, rocky slopes. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Angulo 1684* (LA), Sag&aacute;stegui et al. 11840 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, La Libertad.


$


 Salvia alborosea Epling & J&aacute;tiva



Salvia alborosea Epling & J&aacute;tiva

Reference: Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1966: 260. 
Ecology: Endemic herb, shrub. Andean II: disturbed areas, shrublands. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: L&oacute;pez et al. 3724* (LA)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Salvia atrocalyx Epling



Salvia atrocalyx Epling

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 784. 
Ecology: Endemic herb, subshrub. Andean II: cloud forests. 2500-3500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Killip & Smith 24401* (US)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Salvia ayavacensis Kunth



Salvia ayavacensis Kunth

Synonyms: Salvia ayavacensis Epling
Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 784. 
Ecology: Endemic herb, subshrub. Andean II: forests. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Humboldt & Bonpland s.n.* (P-H&B), Weberbauer 6399 (B)
Departments: Piura.


$


 Salvia biflora Ruiz & Pav.


Salvia biflora Ruiz & Pav. = Salvia tubiflora Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1287: 812. 


$


 Salvia biflora var. glabrata Benth.


Salvia biflora var. glabrata Benth. = Salvia tubiflora Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1287: 812. 


$


 Salvia bullulata Benth.



Salvia bullulata Benth.

Synonyms: Salvia bullulata Benth.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 785; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1966: 259. 
Ecology: Native herb, subshrub. Andean II: rocky slopes, shrublands. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Mathews 2132* (K), L&oacute;pez et al. 4061 (UC)
Departments: Amazonas, Lambayeque.


$


 Salvia calocalicina Briq.


Salvia calocalicina Briq. = Salvia pauciserrata subsp. calocalicina (Briq.) J.R.I. Wood & Harley

Reference: FP 1287: 799; Wood, J. R. I. & R. M. Harley, 1989: 245. 


$


 Salvia camporum Epling



Salvia camporum Epling

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 785; Epling, C., 1944: 489. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: grasslands. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Metcalf 30805* (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Salvia coccinea Buc'hoz ex Etlinger



Salvia coccinea Buc'hoz ex Etlinger

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 785; Wood, J. R. I. & R. M. Harley, 1989: 241. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I, Coastal: riversides. 500-1000 m. 
Note: The author is incorrectly cited as "Juss. ex Murray" in the Flora of Peru. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 488 (MO!)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Salvia coccinea var. pseudococcinea (Jacq.) A. Gray


Salvia coccinea var. pseudococcinea (Jacq.) A. Gray = ?  

$


 Salvia consobrina Epling



Salvia consobrina Epling

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 786. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: rocky slopes, shrublands. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: L&oacute;pez et al. 2281* (LA)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Salvia corrugata Vahl



Salvia corrugata Vahl

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 786; Wood, J. R. I. & R. M. Harley, 1989: 220. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, rocky slopes, shrublands. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: D&iacute;az et al. 2723 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Huancavelica, Lambayeque, Piura.


$


 Salvia cruikshanksii Benth.



Salvia cruikshanksii Benth.

Synonyms: Salvia cruikshanksii Benth.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 787. 
Ecology: Endemic herb, shrub. Andean I-II: disturbed areas, rocky slopes, shrublands. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Cruikshanks s.n.* (K), Smith 6193 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, La Libertad, Lima.


$


 Salvia cupheifolia Kunth


Salvia cupheifolia Kunth = Salvia oppositiflora Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1287: 798. 


$


 Salvia cuspidata Ruiz & Pav.



Salvia cuspidata Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 787. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: disturbed areas, rocky slopes, shrublands. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Ferreyra 14602 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Lima.


$


 Salvia cyanicalyx Epling



Salvia cyanicalyx Epling

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 788; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1966: 261. 
Ecology: Endemic herb, shrub. Andean II: cloud forests, disturbed areas. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Stork et al. 10618* (F), Iltis & Ugent 643 (UC)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Ayacucho.


$


 Salvia cylindriflora Epling



Salvia cylindriflora Epling

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 788; Epling, C., 1936: 122. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: shrublands. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Pearce 565* (K)
Departments: Piura.


$


 Salvia discolor Kunth



Salvia discolor Kunth

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 789. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II: disturbed areas, rocky slopes, shrublands. 1000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Humboldt & Bonpland s.n.* (P-H&B), L&oacute;pez et al. 8812 (MO!)
Departments: Piura.


$


 Salvia dombeyi Epling



Salvia dombeyi Epling

Synonyms: Salvia dombeyi R. & P., hom. illeg.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 789. 
Ecology: Native herb, subshrub. Andean II-III: cloud forests. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Berry & Aronson 3026 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Puno.


$


 Salvia excisa Ruiz & Pav.


Salvia excisa Ruiz & Pav. = Salvia tubiflora Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1287: 812. 


$


 Salvia flocculosa Epling & Mathias


Salvia flocculosa Epling & Mathias = Scutellaria flocculosa Epling & Mathias

Reference: FP 1287: 790; Epling, C. & M. E. Mathias, 1957: 306. 
Note: nom. illeg. [error in publication]  


$


 Salvia florida Benth.



Salvia florida Benth.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 790. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean I-II: forests, rocky slopes. 1000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Mathews 1347* (K), Hutchison & Bismarck 6388 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Piura, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Salvia formosa L'Heritier



Salvia formosa L'Heritier

Synonyms: Salvia formosa Gloxin, Salvia formosa Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 790. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: rocky slopes. 1500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Croat 57794 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Salvia grata M. Vahl


Salvia grata M. Vahl = Salvia oppositiflora Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1287: 798. 


$


 Salvia grisea Epling & Mathias



Salvia grisea Epling & Mathias

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 791; Epling, C. & M. E. Mathias, 1957: 308. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes, shrublands. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ferreyra 7628* (MO!)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Salvia griseifolia Epling



Salvia griseifolia Epling

Synonyms: Salvia griseifolia C. Presl ex Benth.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 791; Epling, C., 1935: 78. 
Ecology. . 
Voucher: Haenke s.n.* (K), Lobb 237 (K)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Salvia haenkei Benth.



Salvia haenkei Benth.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 792. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: shrublands. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Haenke s.n.* (M photo F!), Weberbauer 7270 (MO!)
Departments: Arequipa, Moquegua.


$


 Salvia hapalophylla Epling



Salvia hapalophylla Epling

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 792; Epling, C., 1936: 122. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: grasslands, shrublands. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 7858* (F)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Salvia hastaefolia Epling


Salvia hastaefolia Epling = Salvia rhodostephana Epling

Reference: FP 1287: 804. 
Note: nom. illeg.  


$


 Salvia heerii Regel



Salvia heerii Regel

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 793; Epling, C., 1936: 121. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: rocky slopes, shrublands. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui et al. 8259 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Piura.


$


 Salvia herrerae Epling



Salvia herrerae Epling

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 793; Epling, C., 1935: 93. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: riversides, rocky slopes, shrublands. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Herrera 3207* (LA), Vargas 1879 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Salvia hirta Kunth



Salvia hirta Kunth

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 793; Epling, C., 1936: 119. 
Ecology: Native herb, subshrub. Andean II: shrublands. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Humboldt & Bonpland s.n.* (P-H&B)
Departments: Piura.


$


 Salvia incurvata Ruiz & Pav.



Salvia incurvata Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 794. 
Ecology: Endemic herb, subshrub. Andean II: shrublands. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality. Not treated by Epling (1937).  
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA)


$


 Salvia innoxia Epling & Mathias



Salvia innoxia Epling & Mathias

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 794; Epling, C. & M. E. Mathias, 1957: 309. 
Ecology: Endemic herb, subshrub. Andean II: shrublands. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ferreyra 7555* (US)
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Salvia integrifolia Ruiz & Pav.



Salvia integrifolia Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 794; Epling, C., 1936: 123. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Dombey 273* (P), Ferreyra 3521 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Lima.


$


 Salvia lachnostoma Epling



Salvia lachnostoma Epling

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 795; Epling, C., 1936: 117. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 4478* (MO!), Macbride 4309 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Salvia lanicaulis Epling & J&aacute;tiva



Salvia lanicaulis Epling & J&aacute;tiva

Reference: Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1963: 374. 
Ecology: Endemic herb, shrub. Andean II: disturbed areas, rocky slopes. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: L&oacute;pez & Sag&aacute;stegui 2729* (LA), Sag&aacute;stegui et al. 8113 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, La Libertad.


$


 Salvia leonuroides Gloxin


Salvia leonuroides Gloxin = Salvia formosa L'Heritier

Reference: FP 1287: 790. 


$


 Salvia leucoclada Benth.


Salvia leucoclada Benth. = Salvia cruikshanksii Benth.

Reference: FP 1287: 787. 


$


 Salvia lobbii Epling



Salvia lobbii Epling

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 796. 
Note: Not known from Peru. The type, Lobb 293* (K), is actually from Ecuador.  


$


 Salvia longiflora R. & P., hom. illeg.


Salvia longiflora R. & P., hom. illeg. = Salvia dombeyi Epling

Reference: FP 1287: 789. 
Note: nom. illeg.  


$


 Salvia macbridei Epling


Salvia macbridei Epling = Salvia revoluta Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1287: 804. 


$


 Salvia macrophylla Benth.



Salvia macrophylla Benth.

Synonyms: Salvia macrophylla Benth.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 796; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1966: 259; Wood, J. R. I. & R. M. Harley, 1989: 224. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Andean I-II, Coastal: cloud forests, disturbed areas, rocky slopes, shrublands. 0-3500 m. 
Voucher: Mathews 800* (K), West 3756 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Apur&iacute;mac, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Piura.


$


 Salvia macrophylla var. malacophylla Benth.


Salvia macrophylla var. malacophylla Benth. = Salvia macrophylla Benth.

Reference: FP 1287: 796. 


$


 Salvia malacophylla Benth.



Salvia malacophylla Benth.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 796; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1966: 261. 
Ecology: Endemic herb, shrub. Andean I: shrublands. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Mathews 3156* (K), Hutchison & Wright 3543 (UC)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca.


$


 Salvia mathewsii Benth.


Salvia mathewsii Benth. = Salvia speciosa C. Presl ex Benth.

Reference: FP 1287: 809. 


$


 Salvia medusa Epling & J&aacute;tiva



Salvia medusa Epling & J&aacute;tiva

Reference: Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1963: 373. 
Ecology: Endemic herb, subshrub. Andean II: disturbed areas. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: L&oacute;pez & Sag&aacute;stegui 3535* (LA)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Salvia misella Kunth



Salvia misella Kunth

Synonyms: Salvia misella Kunth
Reference: Wood, J. R. I. & R. M. Harley, 1989: 220. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: shrublands. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Humboldt & Bonpland 3530* (P-H&B)
Departments: Piura.


$


 Salvia mitis Ruiz & Pav.


Salvia mitis Ruiz & Pav. = Salvia punctata Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1287: 803. 


$


 Salvia mucidistachys Epling


Salvia mucidistachys Epling = Salvia ayavacensis Kunth

Reference: FP 1287: 784. 


$


 Salvia nodosa Ruiz & Pav.


Salvia nodosa Ruiz & Pav. = Salvia formosa L'Heritier

Reference: FP 1287: 790. 


$


 Salvia obumbrata Epling



Salvia obumbrata Epling

Synonyms: Salvia obumbrata Epling
Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 797; Epling, C., 1938: 39. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 25311* (US), Spruce 4330 (K)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Salvia occidentalis Sw.



Salvia occidentalis Sw.

Synonyms: Salvia occidentalis Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 797; Wood, J. R. I. & R. M. Harley, 1989: 220. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, grasslands, riversides, rocky slopes, shrublands. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Mathias & Taylor 3443 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lambayeque, Lima, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Salvia ochrantha Epling



Salvia ochrantha Epling

$


 Salvia oppositiflora Ruiz & Pav.



Salvia oppositiflora Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Salvia oppositiflora Hooker, Salvia oppositiflora Kunth, Salvia oppositiflora M. Vahl
Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 798; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1966: 260. 
Ecology: Endemic herb, shrub. Andean II-III: cloud forests, disturbed areas, riversides, rocky slopes, shrublands. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Grifo et al. 1071 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, La Libertad, Puno.


$


 Salvia paposana Philippi



Salvia paposana Philippi

Synonyms: Salvia paposana Benth.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 798; Epling, C., 1938: 24. 
Ecology: Native herb. Coastal: lomas, rocky slopes. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 5898 (MO!)
Departments: Arequipa, Lima, La Libertad.


$


 Salvia pauciserrata Benth.



Salvia pauciserrata Benth.

$


 Salvia pauciserrata subsp.calocalicina (Briq.) J.R.I. Wood & Harley



Salvia pauciserrata subsp. calocalicina (Briq.) J.R.I. Wood & Harley

Synonyms: Salvia pauciserrata calocalicina Briq.
Reference: Wood, J. R. I. & R. M. Harley, 1989: 245. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Amazonian, Andean I-II: dry valleys, forests, riversides. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Knapp et al. 7043 (MO!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Salvia pauciserrata var.pauciserrata



Salvia pauciserrata var. pauciserrata 

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 799; Epling, C. & M. E. Mathias, 1957: 307. 


$


 Salvia pavonii Benth.



Salvia pavonii Benth.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 800; Epling, C., 1938: 20. 
Ecology: Endemic herb, subshrub. Andean II: shrublands. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n. (Hb. Lambert), Stork 10956 (LA)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Salvia penduliflora Epling



Salvia penduliflora Epling

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 800; Epling, C., 1938: 38. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Andean II: disturbed areas, rocky slopes, shrublands. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 7910* (F), N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 7528 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Salvia perlucida Epling



Salvia perlucida Epling

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 801; Epling, C., 1935: 72. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean I: forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Killip & Smith 22350* (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho.


$


 Salvia petiolaris Kunth


Salvia petiolaris Kunth = Salvia scutellarioides Kunth

Reference: FP 1287: 808. 


$


 Salvia pilosa M. Vahl


Salvia pilosa M. Vahl = Salvia rhombifolia Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1287: 805. 


$


 Salvia plumosa Ruiz & Pav.



Salvia plumosa Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 801. 
Ecology: Endemic subshrub. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   @The Woytkowski collection is from "Acomayo" = ??@ 
Voucher: Dombey 270* (MA), Woytkowski 34003 (F)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Salvia praeclara Epling



Salvia praeclara Epling

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 801. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Salvia procumbens Ruiz & Pav.


Salvia procumbens Ruiz & Pav. = Salvia occidentalis Sw.

Reference: FP 1287: 797. 


$


 Salvia pseudococcinea Jacq.


Salvia pseudococcinea Jacq. = ?  

Reference: FP 1287: 785. 


$


 Salvia pseudorosmarinus Epling



Salvia pseudorosmarinus Epling

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 802; Epling, C., 1941: 557. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: rocky slopes, shrublands. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Stork & Horton 9968* (LA)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Salvia psilantha Epling



Salvia psilantha Epling

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 802; Epling, C., 1936: 121. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: shrublands. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 6590* (F)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Salvia psilostachya Epling



Salvia psilostachya Epling

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 802; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1966: 259. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Andean I-II, Coastal: disturbed areas. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 7141* (US), Hutchison & Wright 5450 (UC)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca.


$


 Salvia punctata Ruiz & Pav.



Salvia punctata Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Salvia punctata Epling, Salvia punctata Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 803. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Andean II: disturbed areas, rocky slopes, shrublands. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Mostacero et al. 528 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, La Libertad.


$


 Salvia punctata var. glabra Epling


Salvia punctata var. glabra Epling = Salvia punctata Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1287: 803. 


$


 Salvia pustulata Benth.


Salvia pustulata Benth. = Salvia bullulata Benth.

Reference: FP 1287: 785. 


$


 Salvia radula Epling


Salvia radula Epling = Salvia styphelus Epling

Reference: FP 1287: 810. 
Note: nom. illeg.  


$


 Salvia revoluta Ruiz & Pav.



Salvia revoluta Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Salvia revoluta Epling
Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 804. 
Ecology: Native shrub, subshrub. Andean II: rocky slopes, shrublands. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Macbride 3091 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Salvia rhodostephana Epling



Salvia rhodostephana Epling

Synonyms: Salvia rhodostephana Epling
Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 804. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: disturbed areas, rocky slopes, shrublands. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 23323* (LA), West 3655 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho.


$


 Salvia rhombifolia Ruiz & Pav.



Salvia rhombifolia Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Salvia rhombifolia M. Vahl
Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 805. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III, Coastal: disturbed areas, lomas, riversides, rocky slopes, shrublands. 0-4000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Vargas 3329 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Moquegua.


$


 Salvia rhombifolia var. glabrior Benth.


Salvia rhombifolia var. glabrior Benth. = Salvia paposana Philippi

Reference: FP 1287: 798. 


$


 Salvia riparia Kunth


Salvia riparia Kunth = Salvia misella Kunth

Reference: FP 1287: 805; Wood, J. R. I. & R. M. Harley, 1989: 220. 


$


 Salvia rivularis Gardner



Salvia rivularis Gardner

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 801; Epling, C., 1938: 41. 
Ecology: Endemic subshrub. Andean II: shrublands. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Dombey 270* (P), Woytkowski 34003 (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Salvia rubescens Kunth



Salvia rubescens Kunth

Reference: Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1966: 260; Wood, J. R. I. & R. M. Harley, 1989: 227. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   The voucher cited by Epling & J&aacute;tiva (1966: 260), Wurdack 526, is not this species (Wood & Harley, 1989: 227). 


$


 Salvia rubrifaux Epling



Salvia rubrifaux Epling

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 806; Epling, C., 1951: 133; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1968: 308. 
Ecology: Endemic herb, subshrub. Andean II: cloud forests. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 6955* (LA), Vargas 16014 (LA)
Departments: Ayacucho, Puno.


$


 Salvia rusbyi Britton



Salvia rusbyi Britton

Reference: Epling, C., 1936: 123. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Wasshausen & Salas 1206 (MO!)
Departments: Puno.


$


 Salvia sagittata Ruiz & Pav.



Salvia sagittata Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 806; Wood, J. R. I. & R. M. Harley, 1989: 223. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: disturbed areas, rocky slopes, shrublands. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Stevens 22023 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, La Libertad.


$


 Salvia sarmentosa Epling



Salvia sarmentosa Epling

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 807; Epling, C., 1935: 79. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II-III: rocky slopes, shrublands. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Pennell 13650* (F), West 7174 (MO!)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Cuzco.


$


 Salvia scandens Epling



Salvia scandens Epling

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 807; Epling, C., 1936: 116. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: riversides, shrublands. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 7796* (F), Metcalf 30489 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Puno.


$


 Salvia scrobiculata Meyen ex Bentham


Salvia scrobiculata Meyen ex Bentham = Salvia tubiflora Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1287: 812. 


$


 Salvia scutellarioides Kunth



Salvia scutellarioides Kunth

Synonyms: Salvia scutellarioides Kunth
Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 808; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1966: 259; Wood, J. R. I. & R. M. Harley, 1989: 225. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, rocky slopes, shrublands. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez et al. 9099 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Salvia sideritidis C. Presl ex Benth.


Salvia sideritidis C. Presl ex Benth. = Salvia griseifolia Epling

Reference: FP 1287: 791. 


$


 Salvia silvarum Epling



Salvia silvarum Epling

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 808; Epling, C., 1935: 91. 
Ecology: Endemic herb, subshrub. Andean II: forests. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Killip & Smith 25612* (US)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Salvia speciosa C. Presl ex Benth.



Salvia speciosa C. Presl ex Benth.

Synonyms: Salvia speciosa Benth.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 809; Epling, C., 1938: 25. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: forests, riversides, shrublands. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Haenke s.n.* (PR), Sag&aacute;stegui & Mostacero 9062 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Lima.


$


 Salvia splendens Sellow ex Roem. & Schult.



Salvia splendens Sellow ex Roem. & Schult.

Reference: Wood, J. R. I. & R. M. Harley, 1989: 276. 
Ecology: Introduced herb. Andean II: disturbed areas. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 2072 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Salvia squalens Kunth



Salvia squalens Kunth

Reference: Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1966: 260. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: disturbed areas, riversides, shrublands. 500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Croat 58410 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Lambayeque, Piura.


$


 Salvia stachydifolia Benth.



Salvia stachydifolia Benth.

Reference: Epling, C., 1935: 82. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: disturbed areas. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: L&oacute;pez & Sag&aacute;stegui 5273 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Salvia striata Benth.



Salvia striata Benth.

Synonyms: Salvia striata Briq.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 809; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1966: 260. 
Ecology: Endemic herb, shrub. Andean I-II, Coastal: disturbed areas, shrublands. 0-3000 m. 
Voucher: Mathews 3155* (K), Stork & Horton 10667 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Apur&iacute;mac, Arequipa, Cajamarca, Cuzco, La Libertad.


$


 Salvia strictiflora Hooker


Salvia strictiflora Hooker = Salvia oppositiflora Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1287: 798. 


$


 Salvia styphelus Epling



Salvia styphelus Epling

Synonyms: Salvia styphelus Epling
Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 810; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1966: 258. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: rocky slopes, shrublands. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Lobb s.n.* (K), Hudson 1093 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Salvia subscandens Epling & J&aacute;tiva



Salvia subscandens Epling & J&aacute;tiva

Reference: Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1968: 308. 
Ecology: Endemic herb, subshrub. Andean I: disturbed areas. 1000-1500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 3421* (LA)
Departments: Lambayeque.


$


 Salvia tafallae Benth.



Salvia tafallae Benth.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 810. 
Ecology: Native herb, subshrub. Andean II: disturbed areas, shrublands. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Tafalla s.n.* (Hb. Lambert), Killip & Smith 21982 (US)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima.


$


 Salvia tiliifolia Vahl



Salvia tiliifolia Vahl

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 811; Wood, J. R. I. & R. M. Harley, 1989: 253. 
Ecology: Native Region uncertain: disturbed areas, shrublands. . 
Note: Without collection data.  
Departments: Cajamarca, Tumbes.


$


 Salvia trifilis Epling



Salvia trifilis Epling

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 811; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1966: 260. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Andean I-II: rocky slopes, shrublands. 1000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Stork & Horton 10105* (UC), Hutchison & Wright 5859 (UC)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca.


$


 Salvia tubiflora Ruiz & Pav.



Salvia tubiflora Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Salvia tubiflora Benth., Salvia tubiflora Meyen ex Bentham, Salvia tubiflora Ruiz & Pav., Salvia tubiflora Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 812; Infantes, J. G., 1962: 68. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Andean I-II, Coastal: disturbed areas, lomas, rocky slopes, shrublands. 0-3000 m. 
Voucher: Dombey s.n.* (BM), Ferreyra 8900 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Arequipa, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Ica, Lima, La Libertad.


$


 Salvia tubulosa Epling



Salvia tubulosa Epling

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 813. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: forests. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Pearce s.n. * (K), Smith et al. 1779 (MO!)
Departments: Pasco.


$


 Salvia umbratica Epling


Salvia umbratica Epling = Salvia obumbrata Epling

Reference: FP 1287: 797; Epling, C., 1938: 39. 


$


 Salvia vargasii Epling



Salvia vargasii Epling

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 813; Epling, C., 1947: 514. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: rocky slopes, shrublands. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Vargas 5834* (LA)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Salvia verbenaca L.



Salvia verbenaca L.

$


 Salvia vestita Benth.



Salvia vestita Benth.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 813; Epling, C., 1939: 310. 
Ecology: Native shrub. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality. . The type collection is questionably from Peru (or Colombia).  
Voucher: Lobb s.n.* (K)


$


 Salvia weberbaueri Epling



Salvia weberbaueri Epling

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 814; Epling, C., 1936: 117. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: forests. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 6638* (F)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Salvia xanthophylla Epling & J&aacute;tiva



Salvia xanthophylla Epling & J&aacute;tiva

Reference: Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1963: 374. 
Ecology: Endemic subshrub. Andean III: rocky slopes, shrublands. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: L&oacute;pez & Sag&aacute;stegui 2730* (LA), Hutchison et al. 6185 (MO!)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Salvinia laevigata Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.


Salvinia laevigata Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. = Limnobium laevigatum (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Heine

Reference: Haynes, R. R. & L. B. Holm-Nielsen, 1986: 43; Lowden, R. M., 1992: 129. 


$


 Samanea adiantifolia (Kunth) Pittier


Samanea adiantifolia (Kunth) Pittier = Macrosamanea discolor (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Britton & Rose ex Britton & Killip

Note: NN  


$


 Samanea arborea (L.) Ricker


Samanea arborea (L.) Ricker = Cojoba arborea (L.) Britton & Rose

Reference: Rico, pers. comm.. 


$


 Samanea corymbosa (Rich.) Pittier


Samanea corymbosa (Rich.) Pittier = Albizia corymbosa (Rich.) G.P. Lewis & P.E. Owen

Reference: FP 21: 53; Lewis, G. P. & P. E. Owen, 1989: 40. 


$


 Samanea multiflora (Kunth) Pittier


Samanea multiflora (Kunth) Pittier = Pithecellobium multiflorum (Kunth) Benth.

Reference: FP 21: 59. 


$


 Samanea pedicellaris (DC.) Killip ex Record


Samanea pedicellaris (DC.) Killip ex Record = Macrosamanea pedicellaris (DC.) Kleinhoonte

Reference: Lewis, G. P., 1987: 165. 


$


 Samanea polycephala (Benth.) Pittier


Samanea polycephala (Benth.) Pittier = Albizia polycephala (Benth.) Killip ex Record

Reference: FP 21: 61; Lewis, G. P., 1987: 164. 


$


 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr.


Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr. = Albizia saman (Jacq.) F. Muell.

Reference: FP 21: 62; Rico, pers. comm.. 


$


 Samara coriacea Sw.


Samara coriacea Sw. = Myrsine coriacea (Sw.) R. Br. ex Roem. & Schult.

Reference: Pipoly III, J. J., 1992: 7. 


$


 Sambucus bipinnata Schltr. & Cham.


Sambucus bipinnata Schltr. & Cham. = Sambucus mexicana var. bipinnata (Schltr. & Cham.) Schwer.

Reference: FP 1377: 282. 


$


 Sambucus canadensis L.



Sambucus canadensis L.

Reference: Nash, D. L., 1976: 279. 
Ecology: Cultivated tree. Andean I, Coastal: disturbed areas. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Mexia 8132 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Lima.


$


 Sambucus mexicana C. Presl ex DC.



Sambucus mexicana C. Presl ex DC.

$


 Sambucus mexicana var.bipinnata (Schltr. & Cham.) Schwer.



Sambucus mexicana var. bipinnata (Schltr. & Cham.) Schwer.

Synonyms: Sambucus mexicana bipinnata Schltr. & Cham.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1377: 282. 
Ecology. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Williams 5933 (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sambucus peruviana Kunth



Sambucus peruviana Kunth

Reference: Flora Peru: 1377: 282. 
Ecology: Cultivated tree. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, forests, rocky slopes, shrublands. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 7694 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Lima, Pasco.


$


 Samolus floribundus Kunth


Samolus floribundus Kunth = Samolus valerandi L.

Reference: FP 1333: 152; St&aring;hl, B., 1990: 26. 


$


 Samolus valerandi L.



Samolus valerandi L.

Synonyms: Samolus valerandi (Kunth) Knuth, Samolus valerandi Kunth
Reference: Flora Peru: 1333:152; St&aring;hl, B., 1990: 26. 
Ecology: Native herb. Coastal: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Note: As verlanderi in the Flora of Peru. 
Voucher: Cerrate 2399 (MO!)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Samolus valerandi var. floribundus (Kunth) Knuth


Samolus valerandi var. floribundus (Kunth) Knuth = Samolus valerandi L.

Reference: St&aring;hl, B., 1990: 26. 


$


 Samyda arborea Rich.


Samyda arborea Rich. = Casearia arborea (Rich.) Urb.

Reference: FP 732: 40; Sleumer, H., 1980: 314. 


$


 Samyda guidonia L.


Samyda guidonia L. = Guarea guidonia (L.) Sleumer

Reference: Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 261. 


$


 Samyda procera Poepp.


Samyda procera Poepp. = Laetia procera (Poepp.) Eichler

Reference: FP 732: 52; Sleumer, H., 1980: 246. 


$


 Samyda spinosa L., nom. illeg. superfl.


Samyda spinosa L., nom. illeg. superfl. = Casearia aculeata Jacq.

Reference: FP 732: 39; Sleumer, H., 1980: 328. 


$


 Samyda suaveolens Poepp.


Samyda suaveolens Poepp. = Laetia suaveolens (Poepp.) Benth.

Reference: FP 732: 52; Sleumer, H., 1980: 248. 


$


 Sanango durum Bunting & Duke


Sanango durum Bunting & Duke = Sanango racemosum (Ruiz & Pav.) Barringer

Reference: Barringer, K., 1986: 363. 


$


 Sanango racemosum (Ruiz & Pav.) Barringer



Sanango racemosum (Ruiz & Pav.) Barringer

Synonyms: Sanango racemosum (Ruiz & Pav.) Rauschert, Sanango racemosum Bunting & Duke, Sanango racemosum Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Barringer, K., 1986: 363. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Knapp 8039 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sanchezia arborea Leonard & L.B. Sm.



Sanchezia arborea Leonard & L.B. Sm.

Reference: Leonard, E. C. & L. B. Smith, 1964: 338. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Klug 2612* (US!), Woytkowski 5614 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sanchezia aurantiaca Leonard & L.B. Sm.



Sanchezia aurantiaca Leonard & L.B. Sm.

Reference: Leonard, E. C. & L. B. Smith, 1964: 331. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: forests, riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 4559* (US), Ferreyra 4544 (US!, USM!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sanchezia aurea Leonard & L.B. Sm.



Sanchezia aurea Leonard & L.B. Sm.

Reference: Leonard, E. C. & L. B. Smith, 1964: 329. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 887* (US!), Ferreyra 16991 (USM!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Sanchezia bicolor Leonard & L.B. Sm.



Sanchezia bicolor Leonard & L.B. Sm.

Reference: Leonard, E. C. & L. B. Smith, 1964: 320. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.     
Voucher: Allard 21711* (US!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sanchezia capitata (Nees) Lindau



Sanchezia capitata (Nees) Lindau

Synonyms: Sanchezia capitata Nees
Reference: Leonard, E. C., 1932: 132. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Mathews 1230* (K), Killip & Smith 26092 (US)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Pasco.


$


 Sanchezia coccinea Leonard & L.B. Sm.



Sanchezia coccinea Leonard & L.B. Sm.

Reference: Leonard, E. C. & L. B. Smith, 1964: 332. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: forests. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Allard s.n.* (US!), Schunke 11387 (US!, USM!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sanchezia conferta Leonard



Sanchezia conferta Leonard

Reference: Leonard, E. C., 1932: 131. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 25479* (US!), Vargas & Fern&aacute;ndez 92 (US!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Pasco.


$


 Sanchezia cyathibractea Mildbr.



Sanchezia cyathibractea Mildbr.

Reference: Leonard, E. C., 1932: 132. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Tessmann 3134* (B)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Sanchezia dasia Leonard & L.B. Sm.



Sanchezia dasia Leonard & L.B. Sm.

Reference: Leonard, E. C. & L. B. Smith, 1964: 320. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Note:   
Voucher: Ferreyra 4391* (US), Schunke 9873 (US!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sanchezia decora Leonard & L.B. Sm.



Sanchezia decora Leonard & L.B. Sm.

Reference: Leonard, E. C. & L. B. Smith, 1964: 338. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Note:   
Voucher: Klug 2616* (US!), Schunke 2130 (US!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Sanchezia ferreyrae Leonard & L.B. Sm.



Sanchezia ferreyrae Leonard & L.B. Sm.

Reference: Leonard, E. C. & L. B. Smith, 1964: 337. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 4392* (MO!), Woytkowski 8351 (US!, USM!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sanchezia filamentosa Lindau



Sanchezia filamentosa Lindau

Reference: Leonard, E. C., 1932: 127. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ule 6401* (HBG), Asplund 12084 (S)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sanchezia flava Leonard



Sanchezia flava Leonard

Reference: Leonard, E. C. & L. B. Smith, 1964: 324. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean I: forests, disturbed areas. 1000-2000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Killip & Smith 24640* (US!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Sanchezia habra Leonard & L.B. Sm.



Sanchezia habra Leonard & L.B. Sm.

Reference: Leonard, E. C. & L. B. Smith, 1964: 327. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 2671* (US), Schunke 6540 (MO!, USM!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Sanchezia killipii Leonard



Sanchezia killipii Leonard

Reference: Leonard, E. C., 1932: 137. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 28967* (US), Gentry et al. 52117 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sanchezia klugii Leonard & L.B. Sm.



Sanchezia klugii Leonard & L.B. Sm.

Reference: Leonard, E. C. & L. B. Smith, 1964: 332. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 2617* (US!), Klug 4117 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Sanchezia lasia Leonard & L.B. Sm.



Sanchezia lasia Leonard & L.B. Sm.

Reference: Leonard, E. C. & L. B. Smith, 1964: 336. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 4467* (US), Schunke 7297 (MO!, USM!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sanchezia leucerythra Leonard & L.B. Sm.


Sanchezia leucerythra Leonard & L.B. Sm. = Suessenguthia leucerythra (Leonard & L.B. Sm.) Wassh.

Reference: Leonard, E. C. & L. B. Smith, 1964: 318. 


$


 Sanchezia lispa Leonard & L.B. Sm.



Sanchezia lispa Leonard & L.B. Sm.

Reference: Leonard, E. C. & L. B. Smith, 1964: 338. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 3992 (MO!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sanchezia loranthifolia Lindau



Sanchezia loranthifolia Lindau

Reference: Leonard, E. C., 1932: 130. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Ule 6820* (B), Schunke 6378 (MO!, USM!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sanchezia macbridei Leonard


Sanchezia macbridei Leonard = Sanchezia peruviana (Nees) Rusby

Reference: Leonard, E. C. & L. B. Smith, 1964: 323. 


$


 Sanchezia megalia Leonard & L.B. Sm.



Sanchezia megalia Leonard & L.B. Sm.

Reference: Leonard, E. C. & L. B. Smith, 1964: 322. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 24080* (F), Huashikat 91 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Sanchezia oblonga Ruiz & Pav.



Sanchezia oblonga Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Leonard, E. C. & L. B. Smith, 1964: 323. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (BM)
Departments: Madre de Dios, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Sanchezia ovata Ruiz & Pav.



Sanchezia ovata Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Leonard, E. C. & L. B. Smith, 1964: 320. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (BM), Gentry & Smith 36031 (MO!, USM!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sanchezia oxysepala Mildbr.



Sanchezia oxysepala Mildbr.

Reference: Leonard, E. C., 1932: 128. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas. 0-2000 m. 
Note:   
Voucher: Tessmann 3874a* (US!), Wasshausen & Encarnaci&oacute;n 888 (US, USM!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Sanchezia pedicellata Leonard & L.B. Sm.



Sanchezia pedicellata Leonard & L.B. Sm.

Reference: Leonard, E. C. & L. B. Smith, 1964: 336. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 34427* (F), Riboutt s.n. (US!, USM!)
Departments: Loreto, Ucayali.


$


 Sanchezia pennellii Leonard



Sanchezia pennellii Leonard

Reference: Leonard, E. C., 1932: 133. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 4004 (US!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sanchezia peruviana (Nees) Rusby



Sanchezia peruviana (Nees) Rusby

Synonyms: Sanchezia peruviana Leonard, Sanchezia peruviana Nees
Reference: Leonard, E. C. & L. B. Smith, 1964: 323. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests, rocky slopes. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Matthews 2013* (K), Killip & Smith 29549 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Sanchezia pulchra Leonard



Sanchezia pulchra Leonard

Reference: Leonard, E. C. & L. B. Smith, 1964: 325. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 27842* (US!), Schunke 1783 (US!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto.


$


 Sanchezia punicea Leonard & L.B. Sm.



Sanchezia punicea Leonard & L.B. Sm.

Reference: Leonard, E. C. & L. B. Smith, 1964: 333. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Asplund 13248* (S photo US), Wasshausen & Tovar 1271 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Ucayali.


$


 Sanchezia rhodochroa Leonard & L.B. Sm.



Sanchezia rhodochroa Leonard & L.B. Sm.

Reference: Leonard, E. C. & L. B. Smith, 1964: 331. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, riversides. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Klug 4083* (US!), Schunke 8024 (USM!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sanchezia rosea Leonard



Sanchezia rosea Leonard

Reference: Leonard, E. C., 1932: 129. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 28040* (US), Ferreyra 4976 (US, USM!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Sanchezia rubriflora Leonard



Sanchezia rubriflora Leonard

Reference: Leonard, E. C., 1932: 135. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 26768* (US!), Williams 2880 (US!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Pasco.


$


 Sanchezia sanmartinensis Leonard & L.B. Sm.



Sanchezia sanmartinensis Leonard & L.B. Sm.

Reference: Leonard, E. C. & L. B. Smith, 1964: 328. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests, riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Williams 6018* US, Knapp & Mallet 7202 (MO!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sanchezia scandens (Lindau) Leonard & L.B. Sm.



Sanchezia scandens (Lindau) Leonard & L.B. Sm.

Synonyms: Sanchezia scandens Lindau
Reference: Leonard, E. C. & L. B. Smith, 1964: 337. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Foster & Augspurger 3508 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sanchezia skutchii Leonard & L.B. Sm.



Sanchezia skutchii Leonard & L.B. Sm.

Reference: Leonard, E. C. & L. B. Smith, 1964: 341. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Wasshausen & Encarnaci&oacute;n 886 (US!, USM!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Sanchezia sprucei Lindau



Sanchezia sprucei Lindau

Reference: Leonard, E. C., 1932: 128. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: forests, riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 4325* (US!), Gentry et al. 27150 (MO!)
Departments: Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sanchezia stenantha Leonard



Sanchezia stenantha Leonard

Reference: Leonard, E. C., 1932: 136. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 4634* (US!), Killip & Smith 26207 (US!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Sanchezia stenomacra Leonard & L.B. Sm.



Sanchezia stenomacra Leonard & L.B. Sm.

Reference: Leonard, E. C. & L. B. Smith, 1964: 329. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 3020* (US!), Maas et al. 6022 (US!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sanchezia sylvestris Leonard



Sanchezia sylvestris Leonard

Reference: Leonard, E. C., 1932: 128. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 28093* (US!), Klug 4380 (MO!, USM!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sanchezia tarapotensis Leonard & L.B. Sm.



Sanchezia tarapotensis Leonard & L.B. Sm.

Reference: Leonard, E. C. & L. B. Smith, 1964: 341. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ferreyra 7883* (US!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sanchezia tigrina Leonard



Sanchezia tigrina Leonard

Reference: Leonard, E. C., 1932: 130. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Williams 3622* (US!), Tunqui 497 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto.


$


 Sanchezia villosa Leonard & L.B. Sm.



Sanchezia villosa Leonard & L.B. Sm.

Reference: Leonard, E. C. & L. B. Smith, 1964: 328. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ferreyra 7969* (US!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sanchezia williamsii Leonard



Sanchezia williamsii Leonard

Reference: Leonard, E. C., 1932: 127. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean I: forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Williams 7701* (US!), Williams 7215 (US)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sanchezia woytkowskii Leonard & L.B. Sm.



Sanchezia woytkowskii Leonard & L.B. Sm.

Reference: Leonard, E. C. & L. B. Smith, 1964: 333. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 34359* (US), Plowman 5905 (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto.


$


 Sanchezia xantha Leonard & L.B. Sm.



Sanchezia xantha Leonard & L.B. Sm.

Reference: Leonard, E. C. & L. B. Smith, 1964: 327. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 4275* (US!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Pasco, Ucayali.


$


 Sandemania cogniauxii (Ule) Wurdack


Sandemania cogniauxii (Ule) Wurdack = Sandemania hoehnei (Cogn.) Wurdack

Reference: Wurdack, J. J., 1960: 233; Renner, S. S., 1987: 441. 


$


 Sandemania hoehnei (Cogn.) Wurdack



Sandemania hoehnei (Cogn.) Wurdack

Synonyms: Sandemania hoehnei (Ule) Wurdack, Sandemania hoehnei Cogn., Sandemania hoehnei Cogn., Sandemania hoehnei Gleason, Sandemania hoehnei Ule
Reference: Renner, S. S., 1987: 441. 
Ecology. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 4606 (G), Sandeman s.n. (NY)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sandemania lilacina Gleason


Sandemania lilacina Gleason = Sandemania hoehnei (Cogn.) Wurdack

Reference: FP 761: 276; Wurdack, J. J., 1960: 233; Renner, S. S., 1987: 441. 


$


 Sanguisorba minor Scop.



Sanguisorba minor Scop.

Reference: Bailey, L. H., 1949: 530. 
Ecology: Cultivated herb. Andean II-III: disturbed areas. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: S&aacute;nchez 3919 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, Cuzco.


$


 Sanguisorba officinalis L.



Sanguisorba officinalis L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 635: 1119. 
Ecology: Introduced herb. . 
Voucher: Herrera 1528 
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Sanicula liberta Cham. & Schltdl.



Sanicula liberta Cham. & Schltdl.

Synonyms: Sanicula liberta DC.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1293: 94; Shan, R. H. & L. Constance, 1951: 51; Mathias, M. E. & L. Constance, 1976: 41. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests. 1000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Smith 3672 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, La Libertad, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sanicula mexicana DC.


Sanicula mexicana DC. = Sanicula liberta Cham. & Schltdl.

Reference: FP 1293: 94; Mathias, M. E. & L. Constance, 1976: 41. 


$


 Santolina chamaecyparissus L.



Santolina chamaecyparissus L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1417: 15. 
Ecology: Cultivated subshrub. Coastal: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Soukup 995 (F!)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Saouari glabra Aubl.


Saouari glabra Aubl. = Caryocar glabrum (Aubl.) Pers. subsp. glabrum 

Reference: FP 1308: 699; Prance, G. T. & M. Freitas da Silva, 1973: 39. 


$


 Sapindus arborescens Aubl.


Sapindus arborescens Aubl. = Matayba arborescens (Aubl.) Radlk.

Reference: FP 1298: 386. 


$


 Sapindus cerasinus Benth.


Sapindus cerasinus Benth. = Talisia cerasina (Benth.) Radlk.

Reference: FP 1298: 380. 


$


 Sapindus divaricatus Cambessedes


Sapindus divaricatus Cambessedes = Sapindus saponaria L.

Reference: Croat, T. B., 1977: 504. 


$


 Sapindus frutescens Aubl.


Sapindus frutescens Aubl. = Pseudima frutescens (Aublet) Radlk.

Reference: Croat, T. B., 1977: 501. 


$


 Sapindus oblongus Benth.


Sapindus oblongus Benth. = Talisia cerasina (Benth.) Radlk.

Reference: FP 1298: 380. 


$


 Sapindus peruvianus Walpers


Sapindus peruvianus Walpers = Sapindus saponaria L.

Reference: FP 1298: 377. 


$


 Sapindus saponaria L.



Sapindus saponaria L.

Synonyms: Sapindus saponaria Cambessedes, Sapindus saponaria Walpers
Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 377; Croat, T. B., 1977: 504. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II, Coastal: disturbed areas, semi-deciduous forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 61393A (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Lima, San Mart&iacute;n, Tacna, Tumbes.


$


 Sapium aereum Klotzsch ex M&uuml;ll. Arg.


Sapium aereum Klotzsch ex M&uuml;ll. Arg. = Sapium glandulosum (L.) Morong

Reference: FP 674: 193; Kruijt, R. C, 1989: 117. 


$



$


 Sapium biglandulosum var. hamatum Poepp. ex M&uuml;ll. Arg.


Sapium biglandulosum var. hamatum Poepp. ex M&uuml;ll. Arg. = Sapium glandulosum (L.) Morong

Reference: FP 674: 196; Kruijt, R. C, 1989: 120. 


$


 Sapium biglandulosum var. pavonianum M&uuml;ll. Arg.


Sapium biglandulosum var. pavonianum M&uuml;ll. Arg. = Sapium glandulosum (L.) Morong

Reference: FP 674: 197; Kruijt, R. C, 1989: 126. 


$


 Sapium eglandulosum Ule


Sapium eglandulosum Ule = Sapium laurifolium (Richard) Griseb.

Reference: FP 674: 194; Webster, G. L. & M. J. Huft, 1988: 1133; Kruijt, R. C, 1989: 144. 


$


 Sapium glandulosum (L.) Morong



Sapium glandulosum (L.) Morong

Synonyms: Sapium glandulosum (Muell. Arg.) Huber, Sapium glandulosum (Poeppig ex Muell. Arg.) Pax & K. Hoffm., Sapium glandulosum G. Meyer, Sapium glandulosum Hemsl., Sapium glandulosum Jabl., Sapium glandulosum Klotzsch ex M&uuml;ll. Arg., Sapium glandulosum L., Sapium glandulosum M&uuml;ll. Arg., Sapium glandulosum Poepp. ex M&uuml;ll. Arg., Sapium glandulosum Ule
Reference: Flora Peru: 674: 194; Kruijt, R. C, 1989: 117. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 3374 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sapium hamatum (Poeppig ex Muell. Arg.) Pax & K. Hoffm.


Sapium hamatum (Poeppig ex Muell. Arg.) Pax & K. Hoffm. = Sapium glandulosum (L.) Morong

Reference: FP 674: 196; Kruijt, R. C, 1989: 120. 


$


 Sapium hippomane G. Meyer


Sapium hippomane G. Meyer = Sapium glandulosum (L.) Morong

Reference: FP 674: 194; Kruijt, R. C, 1989: 120. 


$


 Sapium ixiamasense Jabl.


Sapium ixiamasense Jabl. = Sapium glandulosum (L.) Morong

Reference: Jablonski, E., 1968: 448; Kruijt, R. C, 1989: 121. 


$


 Sapium laurifolium (Richard) Griseb.



Sapium laurifolium (Richard) Griseb.

Synonyms: Sapium laurifolium P. Preuss, Sapium laurifolium Ule
Reference: Kruijt, R. C, 1989: 144. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 3702 (MO!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n, Tumbes.


$


 Sapium marmieri Huber



Sapium marmieri Huber

Reference: Flora Peru: 674: 195; Kruijt, R. C, 1989: 157. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 10484 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, Ucayali.


$


 Sapium martii (M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Huber


Sapium martii (M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Huber = Sapium obovatum Klotzsch ex M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Reference: FP 674: 195; Kruijt, R. C, 1989: 161. 
Note: NN  


$


 Sapium martii var.peruviana J.F. Macbr.



Sapium martii var. peruviana J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 674: 196; Kruijt, R. C, 1989: 203. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Note: Kruijt (1989: 203) was unable to study the type material.  Jablonski (1961: 451) treats this as S. peruviana (J. F. Macbride) Jablonski. 
Voucher: Williams 6658* (syntype) 
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sapium obovatum Klotzsch ex M&uuml;ll. Arg.



Sapium obovatum Klotzsch ex M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Synonyms: Sapium obovatum (M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Huber, Sapium obovatum M&uuml;ll. Arg.
Reference: Kruijt, R. C, 1989: 160. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Sapium obtusifolium Kunth


Sapium obtusifolium Kunth = Sebastiania obtusifolia (H.B.K.) Pax & K. Hoffm.

Reference: FP 674: 190. 


$


 Sapium pavonianum (Muell. Arg.) Huber


Sapium pavonianum (Muell. Arg.) Huber = Sapium glandulosum (L.) Morong

Reference: FP 674: 197; Kruijt, R. C, 1989: 126. 


$


 Sapium poeppigii Hemsl.


Sapium poeppigii Hemsl. = Sapium glandulosum (L.) Morong

Reference: FP 674: 196; Kruijt, R. C, 1989: 127. 


$


 Sapium salpingadenium M&uuml;ll. Arg.


Sapium salpingadenium M&uuml;ll. Arg. = Stillingia salpingadenia var. salpingadenia 

Reference: FP 674: 191; Kruijt, R. C, 1989: 199. 


$


 Sapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb.


Sapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb. = Triadica sebifera (L.) Small

Reference: Kruijt, R. C, 1989: 199. 


$


 Sapium stylare M&uuml;ll. Arg.



Sapium stylare M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Reference: Kruijt, R. C, 1989: 177. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Barbour 2561 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Sapium taburu Ule


Sapium taburu Ule = Sapium glandulosum (L.) Morong

Reference: FP 674: 196; Kruijt, R. C, 1989: 128. 


$


 Sapium utile P. Preuss


Sapium utile P. Preuss = Sapium laurifolium (Richard) Griseb.

Reference: FP 674: 197; Kruijt, R. C, 1989: 145. 


$


 Saracha alata Dunal


Saracha alata Dunal = ?  

Reference: FP 1349: 29; Mione, pers. comm.. 
Note: =Jaltomata sp.  


$


 Saracha biflora Ruiz & Pav.


Saracha biflora Ruiz & Pav. = Jaltomata biflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Benitez

Reference: FP 1349: 31; Mione, pers. comm.. 


$


 Saracha ciliata Miers


Saracha ciliata Miers = Jaltomata aspera (Ruiz & Pav.) T. Mione & F. G. Coe

Reference: FP 1349: 32; Mione, pers. comm.. 


$


 Saracha contorta Ruiz & Pav.


Saracha contorta Ruiz & Pav. = ?  

Reference: FP 1349: 32; Mione, pers. comm.. 
Note: =Jaltomata sp.  


$


 Saracha dentata Ruiz & Pav.


Saracha dentata Ruiz & Pav. = Jaltomata dentata (Ruiz & Pav.) Benitez

Reference: FP 1349: 33; Mione, pers. comm.. 


$


 Saracha dentata var. diversa J.F. Macbr.


Saracha dentata var. diversa J.F. Macbr. = Jaltomata dentata (Ruiz & Pav.) Benitez

Reference: FP 1349: 34; Mione, pers. comm.. 


$


 Saracha diffusa Miers


Saracha diffusa Miers = Jaltomata procumbens (Cav.) J.L. Gentry

Reference: FP 1349: 34; Mione, pers. comm.. 


$


 Saracha edulis Thellung


Saracha edulis Thellung = Jaltomata procumbens (Cav.) J.L. Gentry

Reference: Mione, pers. comm.. 


$


 Saracha erecta (Zuccarini) Roemer & Schultes


Saracha erecta (Zuccarini) Roemer & Schultes = ?  

Reference: FP 1349: 39; Mione, pers. comm.. 
Note: =Jaltomata sp.  


$


 Saracha frondosa (Miers) Miers


Saracha frondosa (Miers) Miers = Saracha punctata Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1349: 56; Hunziker, pers. comm.. 


$


 Saracha guttata (Miers) Miers



Saracha guttata (Miers) Miers

Synonyms: Saracha guttata Miers
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 56; Mione, pers. comm.. 


$


 Saracha herrerae Morton


Saracha herrerae Morton = ?  

Reference: FP 1349: 34; Mione, pers. comm.. 
Note: =Jaltomata sp.  


$


 Saracha jaltomata Schltdl.


Saracha jaltomata Schltdl. = Jaltomata procumbens (Cav.) J.L. Gentry

Reference: Mione, pers. comm.. 


$


 Saracha lacrima-virginis Bitter


Saracha lacrima-virginis Bitter = Jaltomata aspera (Ruiz & Pav.) T. Mione & F. G. Coe

Reference: FP 1349: 32; Mione, pers. comm.. 


$


 Saracha lobata Bitter


Saracha lobata Bitter = ?  

Reference: FP 1349: 35; Mione, pers. comm.. 
Note: =Jaltomata sp.  


$


 Saracha lobbiana (Miers) Miers


Saracha lobbiana (Miers) Miers = Saracha punctata Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1349: 57; Hunziker, pers. comm.. 


$


 Saracha miersii Dunal & A. DC.


Saracha miersii Dunal & A. DC. = Jaltomata procumbens (Cav.) J.L. Gentry

Reference: Mione, pers. comm.. 


$


 Saracha pallascana (Bitter) J.F. Macbr.


Saracha pallascana (Bitter) J.F. Macbr. = Jaltomata weberbaueri (Dammer) T. Mione & F. G. Coe

Reference: FP 1349: 40; Mione, pers. comm.. 


$


 Saracha peruviana Dietrich



Saracha peruviana Dietrich

Synonyms: Saracha peruviana (Dietrich) Steud.


$


 Saracha procumbens (Cav.) Ruiz & Pav.


Saracha procumbens (Cav.) Ruiz & Pav. = Jaltomata procumbens (Cav.) J.L. Gentry

Reference: FP 1349: 36; Mione, pers. comm.. 


$


 Saracha propinqua (Miers) Miers


Saracha propinqua (Miers) Miers = Jaltomata propinqua (Miers) Mione & M. Nee

Reference: FP 1349: 36; Mione, pers. comm.. 


$


 Saracha pubescens (Roemer & Schultes) Dunal



Saracha pubescens (Roemer & Schultes) Dunal

Synonyms: Saracha pubescens Roemer & Schultes


$


 Saracha punctata Ruiz & Pav.



Saracha punctata Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Saracha punctata (Miers) Miers, Saracha punctata (Miers) Miers, Saracha punctata (R. & P.) Pers., Saracha punctata (Ruiz & Pav.) Miers, Saracha punctata (Ruiz & Pav.) Roemer & Schultes, Saracha punctata Miers, Saracha punctata Miers, Saracha punctata Miers, Saracha punctata Rusby
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 57; Hunziker, A. T., 1979: 56; Hunziker, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. . 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Weberbauer 5542 (GH!)
Departments: Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Ayacucho.


$


 Saracha sinuosa Bitter


Saracha sinuosa Bitter = ?  

Reference: FP 1349: 39; Mione, pers. comm.. 
Note: =Jaltomata sp.  


$


 Saracha sordideviolacea Bitter


Saracha sordideviolacea Bitter = ?  

Reference: FP 1349: 37; Mione, pers. comm.. 
Note: =Jaltomata sp.  


$


 Saracha spinosa (Dammer) D'Arcy & D.N. Sm.



Saracha spinosa (Dammer) D'Arcy & D.N. Sm.

Synonyms: Saracha spinosa Dammer
Reference: D'Arcy, W. G. & D. N. Smith, 1987: 674; Mione, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Smith 12475 (MO!, USM!)
Departments: Ancash, Ayacucho.


$


 Saracha umbellata DC.


Saracha umbellata DC. = ?  

Reference: FP 1349: 32; Mione, pers. comm.. 
Note: =Jaltomata sp.  


$


 Saracha urbaniana Bitter & Dammer


Saracha urbaniana Bitter & Dammer = Jaltomata aspera (Ruiz & Pav.) T. Mione & F. G. Coe

Reference: FP 1349: 38; Mione, pers. comm.. 


$


 Saracha villosa (Zucc.) G. Don


Saracha villosa (Zucc.) G. Don = ?  

Reference: FP 1349: 39; Mione, pers. comm.. 
Note: =Jaltomata sp.  


$


 Saracha weberbaueri Dammer


Saracha weberbaueri Dammer = Jaltomata weberbaueri (Dammer) T. Mione & F. G. Coe

Reference: FP 1349: 40; Mione, pers. comm.. 


$


 Saracha weberbaueri ssp. pallascana Bitter


Saracha weberbaueri ssp. pallascana Bitter = Jaltomata weberbaueri (Dammer) T. Mione & F. G. Coe

Reference: FP 1349: 40; Mione, pers. comm.. 


$


 Saranthe urceolata Petersen



Saranthe urceolata Petersen

Reference: Flora Peru: 1205: 765. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Sarcaulus brasiliensis (A. DC.) Eyma



Sarcaulus brasiliensis (A. DC.) Eyma

$


 Sarcaulus brasiliensis (A. DC.) Eyma subsp.brasiliensis



Sarcaulus brasiliensis (A. DC.) Eyma subsp. brasiliensis 

Synonyms: Sarcaulus brasiliensis brasiliensis (Mart.) Radlk., Sarcaulus brasiliensis brasiliensis A. DC., Sarcaulus brasiliensis brasiliensis Mart.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1297: 176; Pennington, T. D., 1990: 233. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Klug 2333 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sarcaulus brasiliensis subsp.gracilis T.D. Penn.



Sarcaulus brasiliensis subsp. gracilis T.D. Penn.

Reference: Pennington, T. D., 1990: 235. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Hartshorn 2420* (MO!), Woytkowski 7132 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Ucayali.


$


 Sarcaulus macrophyllus (Mart.) Radlk.


Sarcaulus macrophyllus (Mart.) Radlk. = Sarcaulus brasiliensis (A. DC.) Eyma subsp. brasiliensis 

Reference: FP 1297: 176; Pennington, T. D., 1990: 233. 


$


 Sarcaulus wurdackii Aubr&eacute;v.



Sarcaulus wurdackii Aubr&eacute;v.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1297: 176; Pennington, T. D., 1990: 236. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Wurdack 2425* (US), Wurdack 2121 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto.


$


 Sarcodraba herzogii O.E. Schulz


Sarcodraba herzogii O.E. Schulz = Weberbauera herzogii (O.E. Schulz) Al-Shehbaz

Reference: Al-Shehbaz, I. A., 1990: 236. 


$


 Sarcoglottis acaulis (Sm.) Schltr.



Sarcoglottis acaulis (Sm.) Schltr.

Synonyms: Sarcoglottis acaulis (Anders.) Kuntze, Sarcoglottis acaulis (Anders.) R. Br., Sarcoglottis acaulis (Sims) Klotzsch, Sarcoglottis acaulis (Sims) Lindl., Sarcoglottis acaulis (Sm.) Cogn., Sarcoglottis acaulis C. Presl, Sarcoglottis acaulis Lindl., Sarcoglottis acaulis Sm.
Reference: Garay, L. A., 1978: 259; Dodson, 1992. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I: forests. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 9701 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sarcoglottis homalogastra (Rchb. f. & Warm.) Schltr.



Sarcoglottis homalogastra (Rchb. f. & Warm.) Schltr.

Synonyms: Sarcoglottis homalogastra Rchb. f. & Warm.
Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Sarcoglottis olivacea (Rolfe) Schltr.


Sarcoglottis olivacea (Rolfe) Schltr. = Cyclopogon olivaceus (Rolfe) Schltr.

Reference: FP 1438: 142; Garay, L. A., 1978: 246; Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Sarcoglottis pavonii (Rchb. f.) Schltr.


Sarcoglottis pavonii (Rchb. f.) Schltr. = Pelexia pavonii (Rchb. f.) Garay

Reference: FP 1438: 144; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Sarcoglottis picta (Sims) Klotzsch


Sarcoglottis picta (Sims) Klotzsch = Sarcoglottis acaulis (Sm.) Schltr.

Reference: FP 1438: 131; Garay, L. A., 1978: 259; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Sarcoglottis speciosa C. Presl


Sarcoglottis speciosa C. Presl = Sarcoglottis acaulis (Sm.) Schltr.

Reference: FP 1438: 131; Garay, L. A., 1978: 260; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Sarcoglottis villosa (Poepp. & Endl.) Schltr.



Sarcoglottis villosa (Poepp. & Endl.) Schltr.

Synonyms: Sarcoglottis villosa Poepp. & Endl.
Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native shrublands. . 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Sarcogonum chilense (Meisn.) Rusby


Sarcogonum chilense (Meisn.) Rusby = Muehlenbeckia hastulata (Smith) I.M. Johnst.

Reference: FP 1251: 454. 


$


 Sarcogonum fruticulosum (Walp.) Rusby


Sarcogonum fruticulosum (Walp.) Rusby = Muehlenbeckia fruticulosa (Walp.) Standl.

Reference: FP 1251: 453. 


$


 Sarcogonum tamnifolium (Kunth) Rusby


Sarcogonum tamnifolium (Kunth) Rusby = Muehlenbeckia tamnifolia (Kunth) Meisn.

Reference: FP 1251: 455. 


$


 Sarcogonum volcanicum (Benth.) Rusby


Sarcogonum volcanicum (Benth.) Rusby = Muehlenbeckia volcanica (Benth.) Endl.

Reference: FP 1251: 456. 


$


 Sarcorhachis sydowii Trel.



Sarcorhachis sydowii Trel.

Reference: Trelease, W. & T. G. Yuncker, 1950: 421. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 41465 (NY!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sarcostemma andinum (Ball) R.W. Holm



Sarcostemma andinum (Ball) R.W. Holm

Synonyms: Sarcostemma andinum Ball, Sarcostemma andinum Schltr.
Reference: Holm, R. W., 1950: 549. 
Ecology: Native vine. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, forests, rocky slopes, shrublands. 1500- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Ball s.n.* (B photo F!), Cerrate 907 (MO!, USM)
Departments: Arequipa, Huancavelica, Lima, Moquegua.


$


 Sarcostemma campanulatum Lindl.



Sarcostemma campanulatum Lindl.

Synonyms: Sarcostemma campanulatum (Lindl.) Nicholson
Reference: Holm, R. W., 1950: 539. 
Ecology: Native vine. Andean II: disturbed areas, ., shrublands. 1500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Dillon et al. 2736 (MO!)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Huancavelica, La Libertad.


$


 Sarcostemma clausum (Jacq.) Schult.



Sarcostemma clausum (Jacq.) Schult.

Synonyms: Sarcostemma clausum (Decne. in A. DC.) Schltr., Sarcostemma clausum (Jacq.) Schltr., Sarcostemma clausum Decne. in A. DC., Sarcostemma clausum Decne. in A. DC., Sarcostemma clausum Jacq.
Reference: Holm, R. W., 1950: 511. 
Ecology: Native vine. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, desert, forests, riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Gr&aacute;ndez et al. 326 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Cajamarca, Ica, Lambayeque, Lima, La Libertad, Madre de Dios, Piura, Tumbes, Ucayali.


$


 Sarcostemma dombeyanum Decne. in A. DC.


Sarcostemma dombeyanum Decne. in A. DC. = Sarcostemma clausum (Jacq.) Schult.

Reference: Holm, R. W., 1950: 511. 


$


 Sarcostemma dombeyanum var. linearifolia Decne. in A. DC.


Sarcostemma dombeyanum var. linearifolia Decne. in A. DC. = Sarcostemma clausum (Jacq.) Schult.

Reference: Holm, R. W., 1950: 511. 


$


 Sarcostemma glaucum Kunth



Sarcostemma glaucum Kunth

Reference: Holm, R. W., 1950: 509. 
Ecology: Native vine. . 
Voucher: Maclean s.n. (K)


$


 Sarcostemma hastatum Decne. in A. DC.


Sarcostemma hastatum Decne. in A. DC. = Sarcostemma solanoides (Kunth) Decne.

Reference: Holm, R. W., 1950: 545. 


$


 Sarcostemma lysimachioides (Wedd.) R.W. Holm



Sarcostemma lysimachioides (Wedd.) R.W. Holm

Synonyms: Sarcostemma lysimachioides Wedd.
Reference: Holm, R. W., 1950: 547. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: grasslands, rocky slopes. 2500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Dillon & Turner 1570 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, La Libertad, Puno.


$


 Sarcostemma marsupiflorum Decne.


Sarcostemma marsupiflorum Decne. = Sarcostemma solanoides (Kunth) Decne.

Reference: Holm, R. W., 1950: 545. 


$


 Sarcostemma quadriflorum Decne.


Sarcostemma quadriflorum Decne. = Sarcostemma solanoides (Kunth) Decne.

Reference: Holm, R. W., 1950: 545. 


$


 Sarcostemma solanoides (Kunth) Decne.



Sarcostemma solanoides (Kunth) Decne.

Synonyms: Sarcostemma solanoides (Decne. in A. DC.) Schltr., Sarcostemma solanoides (Decne.) Schltr., Sarcostemma solanoides (Decne.) Schltr., Sarcostemma solanoides (Kunth) K. Schum., Sarcostemma solanoides (Meyen) Schauer, Sarcostemma solanoides Decne., Sarcostemma solanoides Decne., Sarcostemma solanoides Decne., Sarcostemma solanoides Decne. in A. DC., Sarcostemma solanoides Kunth, Sarcostemma solanoides Malme, Sarcostemma solanoides Meyen, Sarcostemma solanoides Schltr.
Reference: Holm, R. W., 1950: 544. 
Ecology: Native vine. Amazonian, Andean I-III, Coastal: disturbed areas, grasslands, rocky slopes. 0- > 4500 m. 
Note: Not clear if type is from Peru  
Voucher: Humboldt & Bonpland s.n.* (P), Stevens 22073 (MO!)
Departments: Arequipa, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Huancavelica, Lima, La Libertad, Moquegua, Tacna.


$


 Sarcostemma variifolium Decne.


Sarcostemma variifolium Decne. = Sarcostemma solanoides (Kunth) Decne.

Reference: Holm, R. W., 1950: 545. 


$


 Sarcostyles peruviana C. Presl


Sarcostyles peruviana C. Presl = Hydrangea preslii Briq.

Reference: FP 628: 1036. 


$


 Sassea columnaris (Benth.) Klotzsch


Sassea columnaris (Benth.) Klotzsch = Begonia urticae L. f. var. urticae 

Reference: FP 747: 187; Smith, L. B., D. C. Wasshausen, J. Golding & C. E. Karegeannes, 1986: 245, 271. 


$


 Sassea glabra Klotzsch


Sassea glabra Klotzsch = Begonia urticae L. f. var. urticae 

Reference: FP 747: 187; Smith, L. B., D. C. Wasshausen, J. Golding & C. E. Karegeannes, 1986: 245, 271. 


$


 Sassia tinctoria Molina


Sassia tinctoria Molina = Oxalis arenaria Bertero ex Savi

Reference: FP 643: 555. 


$


 Satureja acutifolia (Benth.) Briq.



Satureja acutifolia (Benth.) Briq.

Synonyms: Satureja acutifolia Benth.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 753; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1964: 406. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean I-II: rocky slopes, shrublands. 1000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Mathews 1522* (K), Mostacero et al. 587 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Cajamarca.


$


 Satureja argentea (Kunth) Briq.



Satureja argentea (Kunth) Briq.

Synonyms: Satureja argentea Kunth
Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 753; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1964: 402. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II-III: rocky slopes, shrublands. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Bonpland s.n.* (P-H&B), Macbride & Featherstone 2238a (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima.


$


 Satureja boliviana (Benth.) Briq.



Satureja boliviana (Benth.) Briq.

Synonyms: Satureja boliviana (Benth.) Griseb., Satureja boliviana Benth.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 754; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1964: 411. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II-III: rocky slopes, shrublands. 3000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Wasshausen & Encarnaci&oacute;n 830 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Puno.


$


 Satureja brevicalyx Epling



Satureja brevicalyx Epling

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 754; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1964: 412. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, subshrub. Andean II-III: rocky slopes. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Herrera 825* (US), Ferreyra 2779 (MO!)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Cuzco, Puno.


$


 Satureja clivorum Epling



Satureja clivorum Epling

Reference: Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1964: 402; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1966: 262. 
Ecology: Endemic herb, shrub. Andean II: disturbed areas, rocky slopes, shrublands. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: L&oacute;pez 1555* (LA), Hutchison & Wright 5179 (UC)
Departments: Cajamarca, La Libertad.


$


 Satureja cylindrostachys Epling & J&aacute;tiva



Satureja cylindrostachys Epling & J&aacute;tiva

Reference: Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1966: 263. 
Ecology: Endemic herb, subshrub. Andean II: rocky slopes. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 3869* (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Satureja elliptica (Ruiz & Pav.) Briq.



Satureja elliptica (Ruiz & Pav.) Briq.

Synonyms: Satureja elliptica A. Gray, Satureja elliptica Hooker, Satureja elliptica Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 755; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1964: 397. 
Ecology: Endemic herb, shrub. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, rocky slopes. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Dombey s.n.* (P), L&oacute;pez et al. 8334 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Jun&iacute;n, Lima.


$


 Satureja flabellifolia Epling & J&aacute;tiva



Satureja flabellifolia Epling & J&aacute;tiva

Reference: Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1964: 399. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: shrublands. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ferreyra 13740* (LA)
Departments: Piura.


$


 Satureja guamaniensis Mansf.



Satureja guamaniensis Mansf.

Synonyms: Satureja guamaniensis (Ruiz & Pav.) Briq., Satureja guamaniensis J.F. Macbr., Satureja guamaniensis Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 756; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1964: 402. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II-III: rocky slopes, shrublands. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 6323* (F), Sag&aacute;stegui et al. 8213 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Cuzco, Lima, La Libertad, Piura.


$


 Satureja incana (Ruiz & Pav.) Spregel



Satureja incana (Ruiz & Pav.) Spregel

Synonyms: Satureja incana Benth., Satureja incana Briq., Satureja incana Mansf., Satureja incana Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 756; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1964: 405. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II-III: rocky slopes, shrublands. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Dombey s.n.* (P), Proano s.n. (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco.


$


 Satureja insignis Mansf.


Satureja insignis Mansf. = Satureja revoluta (Ruiz & Pav.) Briq.

Reference: FP 1287: 760; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1964: 401. 


$


 Satureja junctionis Epling & J&aacute;tiva



Satureja junctionis Epling & J&aacute;tiva

Reference: Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1964: 400. 
Ecology: Endemic subshrub. Andean II: disturbed areas, shrublands. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: L&oacute;pez & Sag&aacute;stegui 3533* (LA)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Satureja loeseneriana Mansf.


Satureja loeseneriana Mansf. = Satureja weberbaueri Mansf.

Reference: FP 1287: 757; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1964: 404. 


$


 Satureja lopezii Epling


Satureja lopezii Epling = Satureja weberbaueri Mansf.

Reference: FP 1287: 757; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1964: 404. 


$


 Satureja mantaroensis Mansf.


Satureja mantaroensis Mansf. = Satureja incana (Ruiz & Pav.) Spregel

Reference: FP 1287: 756; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1964: 405. 


$


 Satureja mathewsii Briq.



Satureja mathewsii Briq.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 757; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1964: 404. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: rocky slopes, shrublands. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Mathews s.n.* (G), Ferreyra 7134 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca.


$


 Satureja nubigena (Kunth) Briq.



Satureja nubigena (Kunth) Briq.

Synonyms: Satureja nubigena (Briq.) Benth., Satureja nubigena Kunth
Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 758; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1964: 410. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, rocky slopes. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui 8122 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Satureja obovata (Ruiz & Pav.) Briq.


Satureja obovata (Ruiz & Pav.) Briq. = Satureja guamaniensis Mansf.

Reference: FP 1287: 761; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1964: 402. 
Note: comb. illeg.  


$


 Satureja panicera Epling


Satureja panicera Epling = Satureja pulchella (H.B.K.) Briq.

Reference: FP 1287: 758; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1964: 398. 


$


 Satureja parvifolia (Philippi) Epling



Satureja parvifolia (Philippi) Epling

Synonyms: Satureja parvifolia Benth., Satureja parvifolia Philippi
Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 759; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1964: 413. 
Ecology: Andean III: grasslands, rocky slopes, shrublands. 4000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 6891 (B)
Departments: Arequipa.


$


 Satureja pavoniana Briq.


Satureja pavoniana Briq. = Satureja incana (Ruiz & Pav.) Spregel

Reference: FP 1287: 756; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1964: 405. 


$


 Satureja plicatula Epling



Satureja plicatula Epling

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 759; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1964: 400. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: rocky slopes, riversides. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 2238 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Satureja pulchella (H.B.K.) Briq.



Satureja pulchella (H.B.K.) Briq.

Synonyms: Satureja pulchella (Benth.) Briq., Satureja pulchella Benth., Satureja pulchella Epling, Satureja pulchella Kunth
Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 759. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, rocky slopes, shrublands. 2500-4000 m. 
Note: Epling & Jativa (1964: 398) incorrectly used S. rugosa (Bentham) Briquet as the oldest available name for this species. 
Voucher: Bonpland s.n.* (P-H&B), Sag&aacute;stegui et al. 10036 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, Jun&iacute;n, La Libertad.


$


 Satureja revoluta (Ruiz & Pav.) Briq.



Satureja revoluta (Ruiz & Pav.) Briq.

Synonyms: Satureja revoluta Mansf., Satureja revoluta Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 760; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1964: 401. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II-III: riversides, rocky slopes. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Dombey s.n.* (P), Hutchison & Bismarck 6505 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Lima, La Libertad, Piura.


$


 Satureja rugosa (Benth.) Briq.


Satureja rugosa (Benth.) Briq. = Satureja pulchella (H.B.K.) Briq.

Reference: FP 1287: 760; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1964: 398. 


$


 Satureja ruizii J.F. Macbr.


Satureja ruizii J.F. Macbr. = Satureja guamaniensis Mansf.

Reference: FP 1287: 761; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1964: 402. 


$


 Satureja sericea (C. Presl ex Benth.) Briq.



Satureja sericea (C. Presl ex Benth.) Briq.

Synonyms: Satureja sericea C. Presl ex Benth.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 761; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1964: 401. 
Ecology: Endemic herb, shrub. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, rocky slopes, shrublands. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Haenke s.n.* (K), Smith & V&aacute;squez 3436 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, La Libertad, Pasco.


$


 Satureja sericifolia Epling & J&aacute;tiva



Satureja sericifolia Epling & J&aacute;tiva

Reference: Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1964: 405. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: rocky slopes, shrublands. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: L&oacute;pez & Sag&aacute;stegui 3189* (LA)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Satureja sphenophylla Epling



Satureja sphenophylla Epling

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 761; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1964: 407. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, subshrub. Andean II: forests. 2500-3500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Killip & Smith 2443* (US)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Satureja striata (Ruiz & Pav.) Briq.



Satureja striata (Ruiz & Pav.) Briq.

Synonyms: Satureja striata Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 762; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1964: 400. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Woytkowski 34130 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Satureja taxifolia (Kunth) Briq.



Satureja taxifolia (Kunth) Briq.

Synonyms: Satureja taxifolia Kunth
Reference: Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1964: 403. 
Ecology: Native shrub, subshrub. Andean II: forests. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Wurdack 1656 (US)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Satureja tenella Epling



Satureja tenella Epling

Reference: Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1964: 410. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean III: rocky slopes, shrublands. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison 1743 (UC)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac.


$


 Satureja tomentosa (Kunth) Briq.



Satureja tomentosa (Kunth) Briq.

Synonyms: Satureja tomentosa Kunth
Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 759. 
Note: Not known from Peru. Listed under S. pulchella in the Flora of Peru.  


$


 Satureja vana Epling



Satureja vana Epling

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 762; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1964: 412. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: disturbed areas, grasslands, shrublands. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 7259* (F), Boeke & Boeke 2992 (MO!)
Departments: Moquegua, Puno.


$


 Satureja vargasii Epling & Mathias



Satureja vargasii Epling & Mathias

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 762; Epling, C. & M. E. Mathias, 1957: 304; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1964: 403. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: forests, rocky slopes. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 9472* (LA), Woytkowski 588 (F)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Satureja weberbaueri Mansf.



Satureja weberbaueri Mansf.

Synonyms: Satureja weberbaueri Epling, Satureja weberbaueri Mansf.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 763; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1964: 404. 
Ecology: Endemic herb, shrub. Andean II: rocky slopes, shrublands. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 7016* (B, destroyed), Mostacero et al. 876 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, La Libertad.


$


 Satyria panurensis (Benth. ex Meiissn.) Benth. & Hook. f.



Satyria panurensis (Benth. ex Meiissn.) Benth. & Hook. f.

Synonyms: Satyria panurensis Benth. ex Meiissn., Satyria panurensis Hoerold
Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 123. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Tunqui 565 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Satyria polyantha A.C. Sm.



Satyria polyantha A.C. Sm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 124. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Lechler 2068* 
Departments: Puno.


$


 Satyria ulei Hoerold


Satyria ulei Hoerold = Satyria panurensis (Benth. ex Meiissn.) Benth. & Hook. f.

Reference: FP 1325: 123. 


$


 Satyria vargasii A.C. Sm.



Satyria vargasii A.C. Sm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 124. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Vargas 6493* (US)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Satyrium elatum Sw.


Satyrium elatum Sw. = Cyclopogon elatus (Sw.) Schltr.

Reference: FP 1438: 134; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Satyrium orchioides Sw.


Satyrium orchioides Sw. = Stenorrhynchos lanceolatum (Aubl.) Rich. ex Spreng.

Reference: FP 1438: 142; 1510: 6; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Saurauia biserrata (Ruiz & Pav.) Spreng.



Saurauia biserrata (Ruiz & Pav.) Spreng.

Synonyms: Saurauia biserrata (DC.) Choisy, Saurauia biserrata (R. & P.) DC., Saurauia biserrata (R. & P.) DC., Saurauia biserrata Buscal., Saurauia biserrata Buscal., Saurauia biserrata DC., Saurauia biserrata Ruiz & Pav., Saurauia biserrata Ruiz & Pav., Saurauia biserrata Steud.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1306: 679; Soejarto, D. D., 1980: 90. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean I-II: cloud forests, riversides, shrublands. 500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MO!), Killip & Smith 22768 (F)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Saurauia briqueti Buscal.



Saurauia briqueti Buscal.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1306: 680; Soejarto, D. D., 1980: 29. 
Ecology. 1500-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 2177* (B photo F!), Velarde-N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 749 (US)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Saurauia bullosa Wawra



Saurauia bullosa Wawra

Synonyms: Saurauia bullosa R.E. Schult.
Reference: Soejarto, D. D., 1980: 95. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean II-III: cloud forests, shrublands. 1500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 3652 (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Lambayeque.


$


 Saurauia floribunda var. peruviana Buscal.


Saurauia floribunda var. peruviana Buscal. = Saurauia peruviana Buscal.

Reference: FP 1306: 683; Soejarto, D. D., 1980: 43. 


$


 Saurauia formosa Sleumer



Saurauia formosa Sleumer

Reference: Flora Peru: 1306: 680; Soejarto, D. D., 1980: 70. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, tree. Andean II: forests. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 6637* (F, MOL!), Gentry & Smith 35934 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Saurauia glabra (Ruiz & Pav.) Soejarto



Saurauia glabra (Ruiz & Pav.) Soejarto

Synonyms: Saurauia glabra Choisy, Saurauia glabra Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Soejarto, D. D., 1980: 32. 
Ecology. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (G photo F!), L&oacute;pez 670 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, La Libertad, Pasco.


$


 Saurauia glabrata Choisy


Saurauia glabrata Choisy = Saurauia glabra (Ruiz & Pav.) Soejarto

Reference: FP 1306: 681; Soejarto, D. D., 1980: 32. 


$


 Saurauia isoxanthotricha Buscal.



Saurauia isoxanthotricha Buscal.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1306: 681; Soejarto, D. D., 1980: 85. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: cloud forests, riversides. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Wurdack 2052 (US)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Saurauia loeseneriana Buscal.



Saurauia loeseneriana Buscal.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1306: 682; Soejarto, D. D., 1980: 27. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: shrublands. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Jelski 259* (B photo F!), Stork & Horton 10161 (F)
Departments: Cajamarca, Piura, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Saurauia natalicia Sleumer



Saurauia natalicia Sleumer

Reference: Flora Peru: 1306: 682; Soejarto, D. D., 1980: 50. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: shrublands. 1500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 7867* (F), Vargas 11099 (US)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cuzco.


$


 Saurauia peruviana Buscal.



Saurauia peruviana Buscal.

Synonyms: Saurauia peruviana Buscal., Saurauia peruviana Buscal., Saurauia peruviana Buscal., Saurauia peruviana J.F. Macbr., Saurauia peruviana Poepp. ex Choisy
Reference: Flora Peru: 1306: 683; Soejarto, D. D., 1980: 43. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean I-II: forests. 500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Haenke s.n.* (COL), Smith & Canne 5853 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Saurauia prainiana Buscal.



Saurauia prainiana Buscal.

$


 Saurauia prainiana Buscal. var.prainiana



Saurauia prainiana Buscal. var. prainiana 

Reference: Flora Peru: 1306: 683; Soejarto, D. D., 1982: 46. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Ule 6530* (B photo F!), D&iacute;az 2016 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Saurauia pseudoscabra Buscal.


Saurauia pseudoscabra Buscal. = Saurauia peruviana Buscal.

Reference: FP 1306: 683; Soejarto, D. D., 1980: 43. 


$


 Saurauia raimondiana Sleumer



Saurauia raimondiana Sleumer

Reference: Flora Peru: 1306: 684; Soejarto, D. D., 1980: 100. 
Note: Listed in Soejarto (1980) as an imperfectly known taxon. 


$


 Saurauia raimondiana var.caxamarcensis Sleumer



Saurauia raimondiana var. caxamarcensis Sleumer

Reference: Flora Peru: 1306: 684; Soejarto, D. D., 1980: 100. 
Note: Listed in Soejarto (1980) as an imperfectly known taxon. 


$


 Saurauia roseotincta R.E. Schult.


Saurauia roseotincta R.E. Schult. = Saurauia bullosa Wawra

Reference: FP 1306: 684; Soejarto, D. D., 1980: 96. 


$


 Saurauia ruiziana Steud.


Saurauia ruiziana Steud. = Saurauia biserrata (Ruiz & Pav.) Spreng.

Reference: FP 1306: 679; Soejarto, D. D., 1980: 91. 


$


 Saurauia ruiziana var. peduncularis (DC.) Choisy


Saurauia ruiziana var. peduncularis (DC.) Choisy = Saurauia biserrata (Ruiz & Pav.) Spreng.

Reference: FP 1306: 680. 


$


 Saurauia ruiziana var. weberbaueri Buscal.


Saurauia ruiziana var. weberbaueri Buscal. = Saurauia biserrata (Ruiz & Pav.) Spreng.

Reference: FP 1306: 680; Soejarto, D. D., 1980: 91. 


$


 Saurauia scabra Poepp. ex Choisy


Saurauia scabra Poepp. ex Choisy = Saurauia peruviana Buscal.

Reference: FP 1306: 685; Soejarto, D. D., 1980: 43. 


$


 Saurauia scabra var. prainiana Buscal.


Saurauia scabra var. prainiana Buscal. = Saurauia biserrata (Ruiz & Pav.) Spreng.

Reference: FP 1306: 679; Soejarto, D. D., 1980: 91. 


$


 Saurauia scabriuscula J.F. Macbr.


Saurauia scabriuscula J.F. Macbr. = Saurauia peruviana Buscal.

Reference: FP 1306: 685; Soejarto, D. D., 1980: 43. 


$


 Saurauia solitaria Sleumer



Saurauia solitaria Sleumer

Reference: Flora Peru: 1306: 685; Soejarto, D. D., 1980: 48. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: riversides. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 7067* (F, MOL!)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Saurauia weberbaueri Buscal.


Saurauia weberbaueri Buscal. = Saurauia peruviana Buscal.

Reference: FP 1306: 686; Soejarto, D. D., 1980: 43. 


$


 Sauroglossum aurantiacum (C. Schweinf.) Garay



Sauroglossum aurantiacum (C. Schweinf.) Garay

Synonyms: Sauroglossum aurantiacum C. Schweinf.
Reference: Garay, L. A., 1978: 18; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Voucher: Vargas 5935* (AMES)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Sauroglossum corymbosum (Lindl.) Garay



Sauroglossum corymbosum (Lindl.) Garay

Synonyms: Sauroglossum corymbosum (Lindl.) Lindl., Sauroglossum corymbosum C. Schweinf., Sauroglossum corymbosum Lindl.
Reference: Garay, L. A., 1978: 19; Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 167. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: cloud forests. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (K), Bennett & Bennett 3443 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Sauroglossum schweinfurthianum Garay



Sauroglossum schweinfurthianum Garay

Reference: Garay, L. A., 1980: 289; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology. 1500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 2273* (AMES), Macbride & Featherstone 1589 (AMES)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Sauvagesia erecta L.



Sauvagesia erecta L.

Synonyms: Sauvagesia erecta Roemer & Schultes
Reference: Flora Peru: 1307: 693; Sastre, C., 1971: 20. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Berlin 768 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Apur&iacute;mac, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sauvagesia fruticosa Mart.



Sauvagesia fruticosa Mart.

Synonyms: Sauvagesia fruticosa Ule
Reference: Flora Peru: 1307: 694. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Rimachi 3814 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sauvagesia peruviana Roemer & Schultes


Sauvagesia peruviana Roemer & Schultes = Sauvagesia erecta L.

Reference: Sastre, C., 1971: 20. 


$


 Sauvagesia rosacea Ule


Sauvagesia rosacea Ule = Sauvagesia fruticosa Mart.

Reference: FP 1307: 694. 


$


 Saxifraga alpina R. & P. ex D. Don



Saxifraga alpina R. & P. ex D. Don

$


 Saxifraga bonplandii D. Don


Saxifraga bonplandii D. Don = Saxifraga magellanica Poir.

$


 Saxifraga cordillerana var. bonplandii C. Presl


Saxifraga cordillerana var. bonplandii C. Presl = Saxifraga magellanica Poir.

Reference: FP 628: 1016. 


$


 Saxifraga cordillerana var. cordillerana


Saxifraga cordillerana var. cordillerana = Saxifraga magellanica Poir.

Reference: FP 628: 1016. 


$


 Saxifraga cordillerana var. haenki C. Presl


Saxifraga cordillerana var. haenki C. Presl = Saxifraga magellanica Poir.

Reference: FP 628: 1016. 


$


 Saxifraga cordillerana var. laxa C. Presl


Saxifraga cordillerana var. laxa C. Presl = Saxifraga magellanica Poir.

Reference: FP 628: 1016. 


$


 Saxifraga magellanica Poir.



Saxifraga magellanica Poir.

Synonyms: Saxifraga magellanica, Saxifraga magellanica (Sternberg) J.F. Macbr., Saxifraga magellanica C. Presl, Saxifraga magellanica C. Presl, Saxifraga magellanica C. Presl, Saxifraga magellanica D. Don, Saxifraga magellanica R. & P. ex D. Don, Saxifraga magellanica Sternb.
Reference: Flora Peru: 628: 1016. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: grasslands, rocky slopes. 2000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Raimondi s.n. 
Departments: Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, La Libertad, Puno.


$


 Saxifraga magellanica var. peruviana (Sternberg) J.F. Macbr.


Saxifraga magellanica var. peruviana (Sternberg) J.F. Macbr. = Saxifraga magellanica Poir.

Reference: FP 628: 1016. 


$


 Saxifraga peruviana Sternb.


Saxifraga peruviana Sternb. = Saxifraga magellanica Poir.

Reference: FP 628: 1016. 


$



$


 Scaphosepalum antenniferum Rolfe



Scaphosepalum antenniferum Rolfe

Reference: Luer, C. A., 1988: 36. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Dix 4472 (MO)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Scaphyglottis affinis Poepp. & Endl.


Scaphyglottis affinis Poepp. & Endl. = Maxillaria affinis (Poepp. & Endl.) Garay

Reference: FP 1473: 542; Garay, L. A., 1962: 527; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Scaphyglottis amethystina (Rchb. f.) Schltr.


Scaphyglottis amethystina (Rchb. f.) Schltr. = Scaphyglottis stellata (Lodd.) Lodd. ex Lindl.

Reference: Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Scaphyglottis antonii Schltr.


Scaphyglottis antonii Schltr. = Scaphyglottis graminifolia (R. & P.) Poepp. & Endl.

Reference: FP 1473: 542; Adams, pers. comm.. 


$


 Scaphyglottis boliviensis (Rolfe) B.R. Adams



Scaphyglottis boliviensis (Rolfe) B.R. Adams

Synonyms: Scaphyglottis boliviensis Rolfe, Scaphyglottis boliviensis Schltr.
Reference: Adams, B. R., 1988: 257; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Rimachi 4338 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Scaphyglottis conferta (R. & P.) Poepp. & Endl.



Scaphyglottis conferta (R. & P.) Poepp. & Endl.

Synonyms: Scaphyglottis conferta (Ruiz & Pav.) Rchb. f., Scaphyglottis conferta Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 543; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 500-1000 m. 
Note: An uncertain name (Adams, pers. comm.).  


$


 Scaphyglottis cuneata Schltr.


Scaphyglottis cuneata Schltr. = Scaphyglottis prolifera (R. Br. ex Lindl.) Cogn.

Reference: FP 1473: 544; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Scaphyglottis graminifolia (R. & P.) Poepp. & Endl.



Scaphyglottis graminifolia (R. & P.) Poepp. & Endl.

Synonyms: Scaphyglottis graminifolia (Lindl.) Rchb. f., Scaphyglottis graminifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Rchb. f., Scaphyglottis graminifolia Lindl., Scaphyglottis graminifolia Lindl., Scaphyglottis graminifolia Ruiz & Pav., Scaphyglottis graminifolia Schltr., Scaphyglottis graminifolia Schltr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 545; Adams, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean I-II: forests. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* , Schunke 9200 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Ucayali.


$


 Scaphyglottis huebneri Schltr.


Scaphyglottis huebneri Schltr. = Scaphyglottis boliviensis (Rolfe) B.R. Adams

Reference: FP 1473: 545; Adams, B. R., 1988: 257; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Scaphyglottis leucantha Rchb. f.



Scaphyglottis leucantha Rchb. f.

Reference: Adams, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 9202 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto.


$


 Scaphyglottis lindeniana (A. Rich. & Galeotti) L.O. Williams



Scaphyglottis lindeniana (A. Rich. & Galeotti) L.O. Williams

Synonyms: Scaphyglottis lindeniana A. Rich. & Galeotti, Scaphyglottis lindeniana Brongniart
Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 0-1500 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Scaphyglottis livida (Lindl.) Schltr.



Scaphyglottis livida (Lindl.) Schltr.

Synonyms: Scaphyglottis livida (Rchb. f.) Ames, Scaphyglottis livida (Rchb. f.) Foldats, Scaphyglottis livida Rchb. f., Scaphyglottis livida Rchb. f.
Reference: Adams, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 37843 (MO!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Scaphyglottis loretoensis Schltr.


Scaphyglottis loretoensis Schltr. = Scaphyglottis graminifolia (R. & P.) Poepp. & Endl.

Reference: FP 1473: 542; Adams, pers. comm.. 


$


 Scaphyglottis micrantha (Lindl.) Ames & Correll



Scaphyglottis micrantha (Lindl.) Ames & Correll

Synonyms: Scaphyglottis micrantha Lindl.
Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Mathews 1858* 
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Scaphyglottis parviflora Poepp. & Endl.


Scaphyglottis parviflora Poepp. & Endl. = Maxillaria parviflora (Poepp. & Endl.) Garay

Reference: FP 1473: 546; 725; Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Scaphyglottis pendula Poepp. & Endl.


Scaphyglottis pendula Poepp. & Endl. = Maxillaria pendens (Barb. Rodr. ) Pabst

Reference: FP 1473: 546, 722; 1510: 65; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Scaphyglottis prolifera (R. Br. ex Lindl.) Cogn.



Scaphyglottis prolifera (R. Br. ex Lindl.) Cogn.

Synonyms: Scaphyglottis prolifera Kraenzl., Scaphyglottis prolifera Schltr., Scaphyglottis prolifera Schltr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 544; Nakata, M., 1990: 158; Adams, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II: forests. 500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Klug 3542 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Scaphyglottis propinqua C. Schweinf.



Scaphyglottis propinqua C. Schweinf.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 546; Adams, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 26061 (AMES!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Scaphyglottis punctulata (Rchb. f.) C. Schweinf.



Scaphyglottis punctulata (Rchb. f.) C. Schweinf.

Synonyms: Scaphyglottis punctulata (Rchb. f.) Garay & H.R. Sweet, Scaphyglottis punctulata Rchb. f.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 548; Adams, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean II: cloud forests. 1500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 25675 (AMES!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Scaphyglottis punctulata var. summersii (L. O. Williams) C. Schweinf.


Scaphyglottis punctulata var. summersii (L. O. Williams) C. Schweinf. = Scaphyglottis summersii L.O. Williams

Reference: FP 1473: 548; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Scaphyglottis reedii (Rchb. f.) Ames


Scaphyglottis reedii (Rchb. f.) Ames = Scaphyglottis livida (Lindl.) Schltr.

Reference: FP 1473: 550; Adams, pers. comm.. 


$


 Scaphyglottis sessilis (Rchb. f.) Foldats


Scaphyglottis sessilis (Rchb. f.) Foldats = Scaphyglottis livida (Lindl.) Schltr.

Reference: Adams, pers. comm.. 


$


 Scaphyglottis sickii Pabst



Scaphyglottis sickii Pabst

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Croat 20717 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Scaphyglottis stellata (Lodd.) Lodd. ex Lindl.



Scaphyglottis stellata (Lodd.) Lodd. ex Lindl.

Synonyms: Scaphyglottis stellata (Rchb. f.) Schltr., Scaphyglottis stellata Rchb. f.
Reference: Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Scaphyglottis sublibera (C. Schweinf.) Dressler



Scaphyglottis sublibera (C. Schweinf.) Dressler

Synonyms: Scaphyglottis sublibera C. Schweinf.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1510: 47; Adams, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. Andean II: forests. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   According to Adams (pers. comm.), this species does not belong in Scaphyglottis. 
Voucher: Vargas 3011* 
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Scaphyglottis summersii L.O. Williams



Scaphyglottis summersii L.O. Williams

Synonyms: Scaphyglottis summersii (L. O. Williams) C. Schweinf.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 548; Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 168. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean II: disturbed areas. 1500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Todzia & Stein 2697 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Scaphyglottis tafallae Rchb. f.


Scaphyglottis tafallae Rchb. f. = Maxillaria ramosa Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1473: 734; 1510: 65; Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Scaphyglottis violacea Lindl.



Scaphyglottis violacea Lindl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 543; Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 169; Adams, pers. comm.. 


$


 Scelochilus brevis Schltr.



Scelochilus brevis Schltr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 776; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Scelochilus denticulatus Garay



Scelochilus denticulatus Garay

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Scelochilus equitans (Schltr.) Dodson & M.W. Chase



Scelochilus equitans (Schltr.) Dodson & M.W. Chase

Synonyms: Scelochilus equitans Schltr.


$


 Scelochilus latipetalus C. Schweinf.



Scelochilus latipetalus C. Schweinf.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 778; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke s.n.* 
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Scelochilus markgrafii (C. H. Friedrich) Dodson & M.W. Chase



Scelochilus markgrafii (C. H. Friedrich) Dodson & M.W. Chase

Synonyms: Scelochilus markgrafii C. H. Friedrich


$


 Scelochilus paniculatus (C. Schweinf.) Dodson & M.W. Chase



Scelochilus paniculatus (C. Schweinf.) Dodson & M.W. Chase

Synonyms: Scelochilus paniculatus C. Schweinf.


$


 Scelochilus peruvianus (Schltr.) Dodson & M.W. Chase



Scelochilus peruvianus (Schltr.) Dodson & M.W. Chase

Synonyms: Scelochilus peruvianus Schltr.


$


 Scelochilus rauhii (Senghas) Dodson & M.W. Chase



Scelochilus rauhii (Senghas) Dodson & M.W. Chase

Synonyms: Scelochilus rauhii Senghas


$


 Scelochilus rubriflorus Senghas



Scelochilus rubriflorus Senghas

Reference: Senghas, K., 1987: 119. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Noller s.n.* (HEID)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Scelochilus saccatus (Poepp. & Endl.) Rchb. f.



Scelochilus saccatus (Poepp. & Endl.) Rchb. f.

Synonyms: Scelochilus saccatus Poepp. & Endl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 780; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 1792* 
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Scelochilus serrilabius C. Schweinf.



Scelochilus serrilabius C. Schweinf.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1510: 70; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 13506 (AMES!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Schaefferia dietheri Herter



Schaefferia dietheri Herter

Reference: Herter, W. G., 1940: 155. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: Cited voucher tentatively determined; possibly a new species.   
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 8950 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Schaefferia serrata Loes.



Schaefferia serrata Loes.

Reference: Flora Peru: 687: 270. 
Ecology. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 4811* (B photo F!), Llatas 1647 (MO!)
Departments: Pasco, Piura.


$


 Scheelea bassleriana Burret


Scheelea bassleriana Burret = Scheelea butyracea (Mutis ex L. f.) H. Karst. ex H. Wendl.

Reference: FP 39695: 389; Henderson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Scheelea brachyclada Burret


Scheelea brachyclada Burret = Scheelea butyracea (Mutis ex L. f.) H. Karst. ex H. Wendl.

Reference: FP 39695: 389; Henderson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Scheelea butyracea (Mutis ex L. f.) H. Karst. ex H. Wendl.



Scheelea butyracea (Mutis ex L. f.) H. Karst. ex H. Wendl.

Synonyms: Scheelea butyracea Burret, Scheelea butyracea Burret, Scheelea butyracea Burret, Scheelea butyracea Burret, Scheelea butyracea Mutis ex L. f.
Reference: Henderson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: forests, riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Kahn & Mej&iacute;a 1728 (USM)
Departments: Loreto, Ucayali.


$


 Scheelea cephalotes (Poepp. ex Mart.) Karsten


Scheelea cephalotes (Poepp. ex Mart.) Karsten = Scheelea phalerata (C. Martius ex Sprengel) Burret

Reference: FP 39695: 390; Henderson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Scheelea insignis (C. Martius) Karsten



Scheelea insignis (C. Martius) Karsten

Synonyms: Scheelea insignis Mart.


$


 Scheelea phalerata (C. Martius ex Sprengel) Burret



Scheelea phalerata (C. Martius ex Sprengel) Burret

Synonyms: Scheelea phalerata (Poepp. ex Mart.) Karsten, Scheelea phalerata Burret, Scheelea phalerata Poepp. ex Mart.
Reference: Henderson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Croat 17992 (NY!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Scheelea stenorhyncha Burret


Scheelea stenorhyncha Burret = Scheelea butyracea (Mutis ex L. f.) H. Karst. ex H. Wendl.

Reference: FP 39695: 390; Henderson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Scheelea tessmannii Burret


Scheelea tessmannii Burret = Scheelea butyracea (Mutis ex L. f.) H. Karst. ex H. Wendl.

Reference: FP 39695: 391; Henderson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Scheelea weberbaueri Burret


Scheelea weberbaueri Burret = Scheelea phalerata (C. Martius ex Sprengel) Burret

Reference: FP 39695: 391; Henderson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Schefflera acuminata (Ruiz & Pav.) Harms



Schefflera acuminata (Ruiz & Pav.) Harms

Synonyms: Schefflera acuminata (Pav&oacute;n) Poir., Schefflera acuminata (Pav&oacute;n) Poir., Schefflera acuminata (Ruiz & Pav.) Harms, Schefflera acuminata Ruiz & Pav., Schefflera acuminata Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1322: 28. 
Ecology: Native hemiepiphyte, tree. Andean I-II: forests. 1000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MO!), Ferreyra 480 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco, Puno.


$


 Schefflera angulata (Ruiz & Pav.) Harms



Schefflera angulata (Ruiz & Pav.) Harms

Synonyms: Schefflera angulata (Pav&oacute;n) Poir., Schefflera angulata Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1322: 29. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean II: forests. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MO!), Macbride & Featherstone 4893 (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Schefflera cainarachiensis Harms



Schefflera cainarachiensis Harms

Reference: Harms, H., 1942: 681. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   Not reconfirmed and not treated in the Flora of Peru. 
Voucher: Klug 2651* (B)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Schefflera conica (Ruiz & Pav.) Harms


Schefflera conica (Ruiz & Pav.) Harms = Schefflera acuminata (Ruiz & Pav.) Harms

Reference: FP 1322: 30; Frodin, pers. comm.. 


$


 Schefflera dielsii Harms



Schefflera dielsii Harms

Reference: Harms, H., 1935: 693; Frodin, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native shrub, treelet. Andean I-II: forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Huashikat 688 (LAE!)


$


 Schefflera dolichostyla Harms



Schefflera dolichostyla Harms

Reference: Flora Peru: 1322: 30; Frodin, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, treelet. Andean II: cloud forests. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 735* (B photo F), Vargas 14730 (US)
Departments: Cuzco, Puno.


$


 Schefflera euryphylla Harms



Schefflera euryphylla Harms

Reference: Flora Peru: 1322: 31. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Andean II: cloud forests. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 2288* (B photo F)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Schefflera ferruginea (Kunth) Harms



Schefflera ferruginea (Kunth) Harms

Synonyms: Schefflera ferruginea Kunth
Reference: Harms, H., 1942: 681. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Schefflera harmsii J.F. Macbr.



Schefflera harmsii J.F. Macbr.

Synonyms: Schefflera harmsii Harms
Reference: Flora Peru: 1322: 31. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, treelet. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 2694* (G), Ferreyra 18643 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Schefflera inambarica Harms



Schefflera inambarica Harms

Reference: Flora Peru: 1322: 32. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean II: forests, shrublands. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 1080* (B photo F!), Metcalf 30604 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Puno.


$


 Schefflera japurensis (C. Martius & Zuccarini ex Marchal) Harms



Schefflera japurensis (C. Martius & Zuccarini ex Marchal) Harms

Synonyms: Schefflera japurensis C. Martius & Zuccarini ex Marchal
Reference: Maguire, B., J. A. Steyermark & D. G. Frodin, 1984: 71. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean I: seasonally inundated areas, forests on white sand. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Knapp et al. 7445 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Schefflera klugii Harms


Schefflera klugii Harms = Schefflera sprucei (Seem.) Harms

Reference: FP 1322: 32; Frodin, pers. comm.. 


$


 Schefflera kuntzei (Harms in Kuntze) Frodin



Schefflera kuntzei (Harms in Kuntze) Frodin

Synonyms: Schefflera kuntzei Harms, Schefflera kuntzei Harms in Kuntze
Reference: Frodin, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native shrub. 2000-3000 m. 
Note: New combination made in Appendix 1.  
Voucher: Lechler 2592 (K!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Schefflera lechleri Harms


Schefflera lechleri Harms = Schefflera kuntzei (Harms in Kuntze) Frodin

Reference: Harms, H., 1942: 682. 


$


 Schefflera mathewsii (Seem.) Harms



Schefflera mathewsii (Seem.) Harms

Synonyms: Schefflera mathewsii Seem.


$


 Schefflera megacarpa A.H. Gentry



Schefflera megacarpa A.H. Gentry

Reference: Gentry, A. H., 1981: 115; Spichiger, R., J. Meroz, P. Loizeau, & L. Stutz de Ortega, 1990: 369. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 21225* (MO!), Revilla 1188 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Schefflera microcephala Harms



Schefflera microcephala Harms

Reference: Flora Peru: 1322: 33. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 2108* (B destroyed)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Schefflera minutiflora Harms



Schefflera minutiflora Harms

Reference: Flora Peru: 1322: 34; Frodin, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native shrub, treelet. Andean I-II: forests. 1000-2000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 4735* (G), Morawetz & Walln&ouml;fer 15-31188 (K)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Schefflera monzonensis Harms



Schefflera monzonensis Harms

Reference: Flora Peru: 1322: 34. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 3418* (B destroyed)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Schefflera morototoni (Aubl.) Maguire, Steyerm. & Frodin



Schefflera morototoni (Aubl.) Maguire, Steyerm. & Frodin

Synonyms: Schefflera morototoni (Aubl.) Decne. & Planch., Schefflera morototoni (Decne. & Planch.) Marchal, Schefflera morototoni Aubl., Schefflera morototoni Decne. & Planch.
Reference: Maguire, B., J. A. Steyermark & D. G. Frodin, 1984: 51; Cannon, M. J. & J. F. M. Cannon, 1989: 54. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean I-II: disturbed areas, seasonally inundated areas, terra firme forests. . 
Voucher: Poeppig 1959 (W!)6
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Schefflera moyobambae Harms


Schefflera moyobambae Harms = Schefflera patula (Rusby) Harms

Reference: FP 1322: 34; Frodin, pers. comm.. 


$


 Schefflera pardoana Harms



Schefflera pardoana Harms

Reference: Flora Peru: 1322: 35. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: forests, shrublands. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 2051* (B photo F)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Schefflera patula (Rusby) Harms



Schefflera patula (Rusby) Harms

Synonyms: Schefflera patula Harms, Schefflera patula Harms, Schefflera patula Rusby


$


 Schefflera pedicellata (Ruiz & Pav.) Harms



Schefflera pedicellata (Ruiz & Pav.) Harms

Synonyms: Schefflera pedicellata (Pav&oacute;n) Poir., Schefflera pedicellata Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1322: 35. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Note:   
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Macbride & Featherstone 4120 (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Schefflera pentandra (Ruiz & Pav.) Harms



Schefflera pentandra (Ruiz & Pav.) Harms

Synonyms: Schefflera pentandra (Harms) Ruiz & Pav., Schefflera pentandra (R. & P.) Poir.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1322: 35. 
Ecology: Native hemiepiphyte, tree. Andean I-II: forests. 500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MO!), Gentry et al. 18898 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Schefflera peruviana Aspl.



Schefflera peruviana Aspl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1322: 36. 
Ecology. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   May prove to be a synonym of S. SPrucei (Frodin, pers. comm.). 
Voucher: Melin 95* (UPS or S)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Schefflera sandiana Harms



Schefflera sandiana Harms

Reference: Flora Peru: 1322: 37. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: forests. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 1158* (B destroyed)
Departments: Puno.


$


 Schefflera sprucei (Seem.) Harms



Schefflera sprucei (Seem.) Harms

Synonyms: Schefflera sprucei Harms, Schefflera sprucei Seem.
Reference: Frodin, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   Listed among Schefflera as "Sciodaphyllum" in the Flora of Peru. 
Voucher: Spruce 4550* (K), Klug 2107 (B destroyed)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Schefflera ulei Harms



Schefflera ulei Harms

Reference: Flora Peru: 1322: 37. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Ule 6761* (HBG)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Schefflera viguieriana Harms



Schefflera viguieriana Harms

Reference: Flora Peru: 1322: 38. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean I-II: forests. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 2113* (B photo F)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Schefflera violacea Cuatrec.



Schefflera violacea Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1946: 543. 
Ecology: Native shrub, treelet. Andean I: forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Note: Epiphytic shrun or treelet.  
Voucher: Wolfe 12374 (NA!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Schefflera weberbaueri Harms



Schefflera weberbaueri Harms

Reference: Flora Peru: 1322: 38. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 3413* (B photo F), Gentry et al. 39966 (MO)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Schefflera yuncacoyae Harms


Schefflera yuncacoyae Harms = Schefflera patula (Rusby) Harms

Reference: FP 1322: 38; Frodin, pers. comm.. 


$


 Scheidweileria parviflora (Poepp. & Endl.) Klotzsch


Scheidweileria parviflora (Poepp. & Endl.) Klotzsch = Begonia parviflora Poepp. & Endl.

Reference: FP 747: 196; Smith, L. B. & D. C. Wasshausen, 1986: 10; Smith, L. B., D. C. Wasshausen, J. Golding & C. E. Karegeannes, 1986: 211, 272. 


$


 Schelveria arguta Nees ex Martius


Schelveria arguta Nees ex Martius = Angelonia procumbens Nees & Martius

Reference: FP 1361: 478. 


$


 Schickendantzia pygmaea (Herbert) Spegazzini


Schickendantzia pygmaea (Herbert) Spegazzini = Alstroemeria pygmaea Herbert

$


 Schilleria callosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth


Schilleria callosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth = Piper callosum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1216: 143. 


$


 Schilleria carpunya (Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth


Schilleria carpunya (Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth = Piper carpunya Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1216: 146. 


$


 Schilleria churumayu (Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth


Schilleria churumayu (Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth = Piper churumayu Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1216: 149. 


$


 Schilleria heterophylla (Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth


Schilleria heterophylla (Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth = Piper heterophyllum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1216: 172. 


$


 Schilleria indecora Kunth


Schilleria indecora Kunth = Piper indecorum Kunth

Reference: FP 1216: 176. 


$


 Schilleria lanceaefolia (Kunth) Kunth


Schilleria lanceaefolia (Kunth) Kunth = Piper lanceifolium Kunth

Reference: FP 1216: 180; Trelease, W. & T. G. Yuncker, 1950: 193. 


$


 Schilleria laurifolia Kunth


Schilleria laurifolia Kunth = Piper laurinum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1216: 181. 


$


 Schilleria lineata (Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth


Schilleria lineata (Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth = Piper lineatum var. lineatum 

Reference: FP 1216: 184; Trelease, W. & T. G. Yuncker, 1950: 183. 


$


 Schilleria longifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth


Schilleria longifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth = Piper longifolium Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1216: 186. 


$


 Schilleria obovata Kunth


Schilleria obovata Kunth = Piper atroglandulosum Tebbs

Reference: FP 1216: 199; Tebbs, M. C., 1990: 200. 


$


 Schilleria velutina (Kunth) Kunth


Schilleria velutina (Kunth) Kunth = Piper velutinum Kunth

Reference: FP 1216: 249. 


$


 Schindleria densiflora (Kuntze) Monach.



Schindleria densiflora (Kuntze) Monach.

Synonyms: Schindleria densiflora Kuntze, Schindleria densiflora O. Schmidt
Reference: Monachino, J. V., 1952: 39; Nowicke, J. W., 1969: 338. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests, riversides. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 34509 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Schindleria glabra H. Walter


Schindleria glabra H. Walter = Schindleria racemosa (Britton ex Rusby) H. Walter

Reference: FP 1261: 552; Nowicke, J. W., 1969: 338. 


$


 Schindleria racemosa (Britton ex Rusby) H. Walter



Schindleria racemosa (Britton ex Rusby) H. Walter

Synonyms: Schindleria racemosa Britton ex Rusby, Schindleria racemosa H. Walter
Reference: Nowicke, J. W., 1969: 338. 
Ecology. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 1168 (B destroyed)
Departments: Puno.


$


 Schindleria weberbaueri O. Schmidt


Schindleria weberbaueri O. Schmidt = Schindleria densiflora (Kuntze) Monach.

Reference: FP 1261: 553; Nowicke, J. W., 1969: 338. 


$


 Schinopsis peruviana Engl.



Schinopsis peruviana Engl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 681: 258. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 4549* (K), Gentry et al. 37652 (MO!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Schinus andinus (Engler) I.M. Johnst.


Schinus andinus (Engler) I.M. Johnst. = Schinus microphyllus I.M. Johnst.

Reference: FP 681: 252. 


$


 Schinus dependens Ortega


Schinus dependens Ortega = Schinus polygamus (Cav.) Cabrera

Reference: FP 681: 254. 


$


 Schinus dependens var. andinus Engl.


Schinus dependens var. andinus Engl. = Schinus microphyllus I.M. Johnst.

Reference: FP 681: 252. 


$


 Schinus fagara L.


Schinus fagara L. = Zanthoxylum fagara (L.) Sarg.

Reference: FP 655: 665. 


$


 Schinus microphyllus I.M. Johnst.



Schinus microphyllus I.M. Johnst.

Synonyms: Schinus microphyllus (Engl.) J.F. Macbr., Schinus microphyllus (Engler) I.M. Johnst., Schinus microphyllus Engl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 681: 252. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean II: forests. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 957 (MO!)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Ayacucho, Cuzco.


$


 Schinus microphyllus var. andinus (Engl.) J.F. Macbr.


Schinus microphyllus var. andinus (Engl.) J.F. Macbr. = Schinus microphyllus I.M. Johnst.

Reference: FP 681: 252. 


$


 Schinus molle L.



Schinus molle L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 681: 252; Barfod, A. S., 1987: 34. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II, Coastal: rocky slopes. 0-3500 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 7162 (MO!, USM!)
Departments: Ancash, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Ica, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, La Libertad, Moquegua, Pasco, Tacna.


$


 Schinus pearcei Engl.



Schinus pearcei Engl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 681: 254. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean II-III: rocky slopes. 2500-4000 m. 
Note:   
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 7305 (MO!)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Cuzco, Puno.


$


 Schinus polygamus (Cav.) Cabrera



Schinus polygamus (Cav.) Cabrera

Synonyms: Schinus polygamus Cav., Schinus polygamus Ortega
Reference: Flora Peru: 681: 254. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   The Flora of Peru notes that the Peruvian material is  fragmentary and is probably mislabeled as to origin or collectors  or both. 


$


 Schismatoglottis spruceanum (Schott) Bunting



Schismatoglottis spruceanum (Schott) Bunting

$


 Schismatoglottis spruceanum var.spruceanum



Schismatoglottis spruceanum var. spruceanum 

Synonyms: Schismatoglottis spruceanum spruceanum Schott
Reference: Bunting, G., 1960: 70; Croat, T. B. & N. Lambert, 1986: 169. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note:   
Voucher: Balick & Allon 1087 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Schistocarpha eupatorioides (Fenzl) Kuntze



Schistocarpha eupatorioides (Fenzl) Kuntze

Synonyms: Schistocarpha eupatorioides (Kuntze) Rydb., Schistocarpha eupatorioides Fenzl, Schistocarpha eupatorioides Kuntze
Reference: Robinson, H., 1979: 9. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests, riversides. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 74* (W), Dillon 2670 (F!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Madre de Dios, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Schistocarpha hoffmannii Kuntze


Schistocarpha hoffmannii Kuntze = Schistocarpha eupatorioides (Fenzl) Kuntze

Reference: Robinson, H., 1979: 9. 


$


 Schistocarpha oppositifolia (Kuntze) Rydb.


Schistocarpha oppositifolia (Kuntze) Rydb. = Schistocarpha eupatorioides (Fenzl) Kuntze

Reference: Robinson, H., 1979: 9. 


$


 Schistocarpha sinforosii Cuatrec.



Schistocarpha sinforosii Cuatrec.

Synonyms: Schistocarpha sinforosii Muschl.
Reference: Robinson, H., 1979: 17. 
Ecology. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 4923 (F!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Schistonema weberbaueri Schltr.



Schistonema weberbaueri Schltr.

Reference: Schlechter, R., 1906: 604. 
Ecology: Native vine. Region uncertain: disturbed areas. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 4145* (B)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Schistostemon reticulatum (Ducke) Cuatrec.



Schistostemon reticulatum (Ducke) Cuatrec.

$


 Schistostemon reticulatum subsp.reticulatum



Schistostemon reticulatum subsp. reticulatum 

Synonyms: Schistostemon reticulatum reticulatum Ducke
Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1961: 154. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 1564 (US)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Schizachyrium brevifolium (Sw.) Nees ex B&uuml;se



Schizachyrium brevifolium (Sw.) Nees ex B&uuml;se

Synonyms: Schizachyrium brevifolium Sw.
Reference: T&uuml;rpe, A. M., 1985: 170. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I: rocky slopes. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Hitchcock 22113 (US!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Schizachyrium hirtiflorum Nees


Schizachyrium hirtiflorum Nees = Schizachyrium sanguineum (Retz.) Alston

Reference: FP 719: 251; Killeen, T. J., 1990: 186. 


$


 Schizachyrium microstachyum (Desv.) Roseng., B.R. Arill. & Izag.



Schizachyrium microstachyum (Desv.) Roseng., B.R. Arill. & Izag.

Synonyms: Schizachyrium microstachyum Desv., Schizachyrium microstachyum Steud. ex Hack.
Reference: Pohl, R. W., 1980: 521; Killeen, T. J., 1990: 185. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II: disturbed areas, rocky slopes. 500-3000 m. 
Voucher: S&aacute;nchez 2436 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Schizachyrium sanguineum (Retz.) Alston



Schizachyrium sanguineum (Retz.) Alston

Synonyms: Schizachyrium sanguineum (Nees) Kunth, Schizachyrium sanguineum Nees, Schizachyrium sanguineum Pilg., Schizachyrium sanguineum Pilg., Schizachyrium sanguineum Retz., Schizachyrium sanguineum Steud. ex Lechler
Reference: T&uuml;rpe, A. M., 1985: 173. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II: disturbed areas, grasslands, shrublands. 1000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Peyton & Peyton 656 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, La Libertad, Puno.


$


 Schizachyrium tenerum Nees



Schizachyrium tenerum Nees

Synonyms: Schizachyrium tenerum J. Presl, Schizachyrium tenerum Kunth
Reference: T&uuml;rpe, A. M., 1985: 172. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II: disturbed areas, grasslands. 1000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 2620 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Schizachyrium weberbaueri Pilg.


Schizachyrium weberbaueri Pilg. = Schizachyrium sanguineum (Retz.) Alston

Reference: FP 719: 251; T&uuml;rpe, A. M., 1985: 174. 


$


 Schizachyrium weberbaueri var. minus Pilg.


Schizachyrium weberbaueri var. minus Pilg. = Schizachyrium sanguineum (Retz.) Alston

Reference: FP 719: 251; T&uuml;rpe, A. M., 1985: 174. 


$


 Schizaea elegans (Vahl) Sw.



Schizaea elegans (Vahl) Sw.

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 34. 
Ecology: Native herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Woykowski 8211 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Schizaea flabellum Mart.


Schizaea flabellum Mart. = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 34. 


$


 Schizaea incurvata Schkuhr



Schizaea incurvata Schkuhr

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 36. 
Ecology: Native herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig s.n. (NY)


$


 Schizaea pennula Sw.



Schizaea pennula Sw.

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 36. 
Ecology: Native herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 3986 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Schizaea poeppigiana J.W. Sturm



Schizaea poeppigiana J.W. Sturm

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 36. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Voucher: Poeppig s.n.* (W?)


$


 Schizaea pusilla Pursh



Schizaea pusilla Pursh

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 34. 
Ecology: Native herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Disjunct from northeastern United States.  
Voucher: Foster 9065 (MO!)
Departments: Pasco.


$


 Schizanthera bullata Turcz.


Schizanthera bullata Turcz. = Miconia bullata (Turcz.) Triana

Reference: FP 761: 391; Wurdack, J. J., 1980: 275. 


$


 Schizocalyx bracteosa Wedd.



Schizocalyx bracteosa Wedd.

Reference: Standley, P. C., 1930: 21. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Kayap 211 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex Ducke



Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex Ducke

Synonyms: Schizolobium amazonicum Ducke ex L.O. Williams
Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 185; Ducke, A., 1949: 126. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 8302 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Schizolobium excelsum var. amazonicum Ducke ex L.O. Williams


Schizolobium excelsum var. amazonicum Ducke ex L.O. Williams = Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex Ducke

Reference: FP 21: 185. 


$


 Schizopsis panurensis Bureau


Schizopsis panurensis Bureau = Tynanthus panurensis (Bureau) Sandwith

$


 Schizopsis polyantha Bureau


Schizopsis polyantha Bureau = Tynanthus polyanthus (Bureau) Sandwith

Reference: FP 1362: 49; Gentry, A. H., 1982: 415. 


$


 Schizoptera peduncularis (Benth.) S.F. Blake



Schizoptera peduncularis (Benth.) S.F. Blake

Synonyms: Schizoptera peduncularis Benth.
Reference: Blake, S. F., 1916: 1. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 5969 (F!)
Departments: Piura, Tumbes.


$


 Schizotrichia eupatorioides Benth.



Schizotrichia eupatorioides Benth.

$


 Schkuhria abrotanoides Roth


Schkuhria abrotanoides Roth = Schkuhria pinnata var. abrotanoides (Roth) Cabrera

$


 Schkuhria multiflora Hook. & Arn.



Schkuhria multiflora Hook. & Arn.

$


 Schkuhria multiflora var. aristata (Fries) Cabrera


Schkuhria multiflora var. aristata (Fries) Cabrera = Schkuhria multiflora var. multiflora 

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1932: 192. 


$


 Schkuhria multiflora var.multiflora



Schkuhria multiflora var. multiflora 

Synonyms: Schkuhria multiflora var. multiflora (Fries) Cabrera, Schkuhria multiflora var. multiflora Fries
Reference: Heiser Jr., C. B., 1945: 274. 
Ecology. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Pennell 13162 (F)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Arequipa, Cuzco, Moquegua.


$


 Schkuhria multiflora var.pusilla (Wedd.) Cabrera



Schkuhria multiflora var. pusilla (Wedd.) Cabrera

Synonyms: Schkuhria multiflora pusilla Wedd.
Reference: Heiser Jr., C. B., 1945: 276. 
Ecology. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Pennell 13364 (F)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Puno.


$


 Schkuhria octoaristata DC.


Schkuhria octoaristata DC. = Schkuhria pinnata var. octoaristata (DC.) Cabrera

Reference: Heiser Jr., C. B., 1945: 269. 


$


 Schkuhria pinnata (Lam.) Kuntze



Schkuhria pinnata (Lam.) Kuntze

$


 Schkuhria pinnata var.abrotanoides (Roth) Cabrera



Schkuhria pinnata var. abrotanoides (Roth) Cabrera

Synonyms: Schkuhria pinnata abrotanoides Roth
Reference: Heiser Jr., C. B., 1945: 270. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: disturbed areas. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Stork & Horton 10793 (F)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Schkuhria pinnata var.octoaristata (DC.) Cabrera



Schkuhria pinnata var. octoaristata (DC.) Cabrera

Synonyms: Schkuhria pinnata octoaristata DC.
Reference: Heiser Jr., C. B., 1945: 269. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 275 (F)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Cuzco, Lima.


$


 Schkuhria pinnata var.pinnata



Schkuhria pinnata var. pinnata 

Synonyms: Schkuhria pinnata pinnata Lam.
Reference: Heiser Jr., C. B., 1945: 268. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II: disturbed areas, grasslands, rocky slopes, shrublands. 1000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Croat 58388 (MO)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Lambayeque, La Libertad, Piura.


$


 Schkuhria pusilla var. aristata Fries


Schkuhria pusilla var. aristata Fries = Schkuhria multiflora var. multiflora 

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1932: 192. 


$


 Schkuhria pusilla Wedd.


Schkuhria pusilla Wedd. = Schkuhria multiflora var. pusilla (Wedd.) Cabrera

Reference: Heiser Jr., C. B., 1945: 276. 


$


 Schlegelia albiflora Kuhlmann


Schlegelia albiflora Kuhlmann = Schlegelia scandens (Briquet & Spruce) Sandwith

Reference: FP 1362: 96; Gentry, A. H., 1982: 339. 


$


 Schlegelia cauliflora A.H. Gentry



Schlegelia cauliflora A.H. Gentry

Reference: Gentry, A. H., 1992: 165. 
Ecology: Native hemiepiphyte, liana. Amazonian: forests on white sand. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry & Revilla 20656* (MO!, USM!), Gentry & Jaramillo 22312 (AMAZ!, MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Schlegelia macrophylla Ducke



Schlegelia macrophylla Ducke

$


 Schlegelia parviflora (Oerst.) Monach.



Schlegelia parviflora (Oerst.) Monach.

Synonyms: Schlegelia parviflora Oerst., Schlegelia parviflora Sandwith
Reference: Flora Peru: 1362: 95; Gentry, A. H., 1982: 336. 
Ecology: Native hemiepiphyte, liana. Andean II: cloud forests. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 45493 (MO!, USM!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Schlegelia ramizii Sandwith


Schlegelia ramizii Sandwith = Schlegelia parviflora (Oerst.) Monach.

Reference: FP 1362: 95; Gentry, A. H., 1982: 336. 


$


 Schlegelia roseiflora Ducke



Schlegelia roseiflora Ducke

Reference: Flora Peru: 1362: 95; Ducke, A., 1943: 29. 
Ecology: hemiepiphyte, liana. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: This taxon may be conspecific with S. parviflora. 
Voucher: Gentry & Aronson 24979 (AMAZ!, MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Pasco.


$


 Schlegelia scandens (Briquet & Spruce) Sandwith



Schlegelia scandens (Briquet & Spruce) Sandwith

Synonyms: Schlegelia scandens Briquet & Spruce, Schlegelia scandens Kuhlmann
Reference: Flora Peru: 1362: 96; Gentry, A. H., 1982: 339. 
Ecology: Native hemiepiphyte, liana. Amazonian: forests on white sand. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Rimachi 5889 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Schlimmia jennyana Lueckel



Schlimmia jennyana Lueckel

Reference: L&uuml;ckel, E., 1990: 68. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. . 
Note: L&uuml;ckel (1990), cites this genus incorrectly as Schlimia (Gentianaceae). 
Voucher: Jenny (6-73) 1.8* (K)


$


 Schlumbergera lindenii (Andr&eacute;) E. Morren


Schlumbergera lindenii (Andr&eacute;) E. Morren = Guzmania lindenii var. lindenii 

Reference: FP 1179: 574; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1316. 


$


 Schlumbergera morreniana (hort. ex Linden) E. Morren


Schlumbergera morreniana (hort. ex Linden) E. Morren = Guzmania morreniana var. morreniana 

Reference: FP 1179: 573; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1321. 


$


 Schlumbergera roezli E. Morren


Schlumbergera roezli E. Morren = Guzmania roezlii (E. Morren) Mez

Reference: FP 1179: 576; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1292. 


$


 Schmardaea microphylla (Hook.) Karsten ex C. Mueller



Schmardaea microphylla (Hook.) Karsten ex C. Mueller

Synonyms: Schmardaea microphylla Hook.
Reference: Flora Peru: 663: 726; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 388. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Mathews 2128 (BM)
Departments: Amazonas, Piura.


$


 Schmidelia amazonica Mart.


Schmidelia amazonica Mart. = Allophylus amazonicus var. amazonicus 

Reference: FP 1298: 368. 
Note: NN  


$


 Schmidelia edulis A. St. Hilaire, Cambessedes & A. Jussieu


Schmidelia edulis A. St. Hilaire, Cambessedes & A. Jussieu = Allophylus edulis (A. St. Hilaire, Cambessedes & A. Jussieu) Radlk.

Reference: FP 1298: 371. 
Note: NN  


$


 Schmidelia floribunda Poepp.


Schmidelia floribunda Poepp. = Allophylus floribundus (Poepp.) Radlk.

Reference: FP 1298: 372. 


$



$


 Schmidelia occidentalis Sw.


Schmidelia occidentalis Sw. = Allophylus stenodictyus Radlk.

Reference: Radlkofer, L., 1932: 505. 


$


 Schmidelia paniculata Poepp.


Schmidelia paniculata Poepp. = Allophylus paniculatus (Poepp.) Radlk.

Reference: FP 1298: 374. 


$


 Schmidelia punctata Poepp.


Schmidelia punctata Poepp. = Allophylus punctatus (Poepp.) Radlk.

Reference: FP 1298: 374. 


$


 Schmidelia scrobiculata Poepp.


Schmidelia scrobiculata Poepp. = Allophylus scrobiculatus (Poepp.) Radlk.

Reference: FP 1298: 375. 


$


 Schmidelia semidentata Miq.


Schmidelia semidentata Miq. = Allophylus semidentatus (Miq.) Radlk.

Reference: FP 1298: 376. 
Note: NN  


$


 Schnella glabra (Jacq.) Dugand


Schnella glabra (Jacq.) Dugand = Bauhinia glabra Jacq.

Reference: Wunderlin, R. P., 1977: 352; Vaz, A. M. S. da F., 1979: 175. 


$


 Schnella herrerae Britton & Rose


Schnella herrerae Britton & Rose = Bauhinia herrerae (Britton & Rose) Standl. & Steyerm.

Reference: Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark, 1946: 92. 


$


 Schnella longipetala Benth.


Schnella longipetala Benth. = Bauhinia glabra Jacq.

Reference: FP 21: 216; Vaz, A. M. S. da F., 1979: 172. 


$


 Schnella microstachya Raddi


Schnella microstachya Raddi = Bauhinia microstachya (Raddi) J.F. Macbr.

Reference: FP 21: 214; Wunderlin, R. P., 1977: 351. 


$


 Schnella rosea Walpers


Schnella rosea Walpers = Bauhinia guianensis var. kunthiana (Vogel) Wunderlin

Reference: Vaz, A. M. S. da F., 1979: 169. 
Note: NN Treated as a synonym under B. kunthiana by Vaz (1979).  


$


 Schnella rutilans (Spruce ex Benth.) Pittier


Schnella rutilans (Spruce ex Benth.) Pittier = Bauhinia rutilans Spruce ex Benth.

$


 Schoenobiblus daphnoides Mart. & Zucc.



Schoenobiblus daphnoides Mart. & Zucc.

$


 Schoenobiblus ellipticus Pilg.



Schoenobiblus ellipticus Pilg.

$


 Schoenobiblus peruvianus Standl.



Schoenobiblus peruvianus Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 752: 205. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests, rocky slopes, shrublands. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Williams 1162* (F), Croat 20530 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volkart ex Schinz & Keller


Schoenoplectus americanus (Pers.) Volkart ex Schinz & Keller = Scirpus americanus Pers.

Reference: Koyama, T., 1963: 1117. 


$


 Schoenus globosus Kunth


Schoenus globosus Kunth = Rhynchospora globosa (Kunth) Roemer & Schultes

Reference: FP 735: 301; Kuekenthal, G., 1949: 463. 


$


 Schoenus juncoides Vahl


Schoenus juncoides Vahl = Bulbostylis juncoides var. juncoides 

Reference: FP 735: 285; Kral, R., 1971: 93. 


$


 Schoenus polyphyllus Vahl


Schoenus polyphyllus Vahl = Rhynchospora polyphylla Vahl

Reference: FP 735: 304; Kuekenthal, G., 1949: 403. 


$


 Schoenus rugosus Vahl


Schoenus rugosus Vahl = Rhynchospora rugosa (Vahl) Gale

Reference: Gale, S., 1944: 275. 


$


 Schoepfia flexuosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Schult. f.



Schoepfia flexuosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Schult. f.

Synonyms: Schoepfia flexuosa Dunal, Schoepfia flexuosa Dunal in DC., Schoepfia flexuosa Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1246: 426; Hunziker, A. T., 1978: 117; Sleumer, H. , 1984: 33. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean I-II: forests, shrublands. 1000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (B photo F!), Sag&aacute;stegui 8952 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Pasco.


$


 Schoepfia schreberi J.F. Gmel.


Schoepfia schreberi J.F. Gmel. = ?  

Reference: FP 2169: 1130; Sleumer, H. , 1984: 29. 


$


 Schomburgkia moyobambae Schltr.



Schomburgkia moyobambae Schltr.

Synonyms: Schomburgkia moyobambae (Schlechter) C. Schweinf.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 536; Christenson, pers. comm.; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology. 0-1500 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Schomburgkia undulata Lindl.



Schomburgkia undulata Lindl.

Synonyms: Schomburgkia undulata (Lindley) L.O. Williams
Reference: Flora Peru: 1510: 46; Carnevali, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not known from Peru. Known from Colombia, Trinidad and Venezuela.  


$


 Schomburgkia weberbaueriana Kraenzl.



Schomburgkia weberbaueriana Kraenzl.

Synonyms: Schomburgkia weberbaueriana (Kraenzlin) C. Schweinf.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 537; Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 170. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean I-II: forests. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 5026* , N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 8124 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco.


$


 Schradera subandina Krause



Schradera subandina Krause

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 74; Steyermark, J. A., 1964: 259. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ule 6680* (B photo F!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Schradera umbellata Presl



Schradera umbellata Presl

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 75; Steyermark, J. A., 1964: 278. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   Steyermark (1964b) excludes this species from Schradera based on the description from the Flora of Peru; it is perhaps a Psychotria. 


$


 Schrankia leptocarpa DC.


Schrankia leptocarpa DC. = Mimosa quadrivalvis var. leptocarpa (DC.) Barneby

Reference: FP 21: 97; Barneby, R. C., 1991: 298. 


$


 Schrebera americana (Zahlbr.) Gilg



Schrebera americana (Zahlbr.) Gilg

Synonyms: Schrebera americana Zahlbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1340: 236. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: forests. 1500-2500 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   
Voucher: Jelski 363* (B), Weberbauer 7169 (B)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Schroeterella divaricata (Cav.) Briq.


Schroeterella divaricata (Cav.) Briq. = Larrea divaricata Cav.

Reference: FP 653: 654. 


$


 Schubertia grandiflora C. Martius & Zuccarini



Schubertia grandiflora C. Martius & Zuccarini

$


 Schultesianthus dudleyi Bernardello & Hunz.



Schultesianthus dudleyi Bernardello & Hunz.

Reference: Bernardello, L. M. & A. T. Hunziker, 1991: 237. 
Ecology. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Dudley 10670 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Schultesianthus leucanthus (Donn. Sm.) Hunz.



Schultesianthus leucanthus (Donn. Sm.) Hunz.

Synonyms: Schultesianthus leucanthus Donn. Sm.
Reference: Bernardello, L. M. & A. T. Hunziker, 1991: 235. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: forests. 1500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 16680 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Puno.


$


 Schultesiophytum chorianthum Harling



Schultesiophytum chorianthum Harling

Reference: Harling, G., 1958: 261. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 55730 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Pasco.


$


 Schwartzia magnifica (Gilg) Bedell



Schwartzia magnifica (Gilg) Bedell

Synonyms: Schwartzia magnifica Gilg
Reference: Bedell, H. G., 1985: 177. 
Ecology. 1000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality. New combination made in Appendix 1.  
Voucher: Weberbauer 3528* (B photo F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Schwartzia weddelliana (Baill.) Bedell



Schwartzia weddelliana (Baill.) Bedell

Synonyms: Schwartzia weddelliana Baill., Schwartzia weddelliana Gilg
Reference: Bedell, H. G., 1985: 184. 
Ecology. 1000-2000 m. 
Note: New combination make in Appendix 1.  
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 8811 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Puno.


$


 Schwenckia grandiflora Benth.



Schwenckia grandiflora Benth.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 144. 
Ecology: Native subshrub. Amazonian: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Schwenkfelda aurea Sprengel


Schwenkfelda aurea Sprengel = Coccocypselum aureum (Sprengel) Cham. & Schltdl.

Reference: Chamisso, A. & D. Schlechtendal, 1829: 139. 


$


 Schwenkfelda umbellata Ruiz & Pav.


Schwenkfelda umbellata Ruiz & Pav. = Sabicea umbellata (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.

Reference: FP 1365: 90; Wernham, H. F., 1914: 40. 


$


 Sciadotenia amazonica Eichler



Sciadotenia amazonica Eichler

Reference: Barneby, R. C. & B. A. Krukoff, 1971: 23. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 10248 (NY!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Sciadotenia brachypoda Diels



Sciadotenia brachypoda Diels

Reference: Flora Peru: 1274: 688. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Sciadotenia candicans Diels


Sciadotenia candicans Diels = Curarea candicans (Rich. ex DC.) Barneby & Krukoff

Reference: FP 1274: 686; Barneby, R. C. & B. A. Krukoff, 1971: 12. 
Note: NN  


$


 Sciadotenia eichleriana Moldenke



Sciadotenia eichleriana Moldenke

Reference: Barneby, R. C. & B. A. Krukoff, 1971: 20. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 1614 (NY!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Ucayali.


$


 Sciadotenia mathiasiana Krukoff & Barneby



Sciadotenia mathiasiana Krukoff & Barneby

Reference: Krukoff, B. A. & R. C. Barneby, 1970: 46. 
Ecology: Endemic liana. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Schunke 6373* (NY, USM!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Sciadotenia peruviana Krukoff & Barneby



Sciadotenia peruviana Krukoff & Barneby

$


 Sciadotenia ramiflora Eichler



Sciadotenia ramiflora Eichler

Reference: Flora Peru: 1274: 688; Barneby, R. C. & B. A. Krukoff, 1971: 21. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 2271* (F photo NY!), Klug 1299 (F)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Sciadotenia similis Moldenke



Sciadotenia similis Moldenke

Reference: Flora Peru: 1274: 688; Krukoff, B. A. & R. C. Barneby, 1970: 44. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 7552 (US)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Sciadotenia toxifera Krukoff & A.C. Sm.



Sciadotenia toxifera Krukoff & A.C. Sm.

Reference: Luer, C. A., 1979: 45. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 10023 (NY!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Sciaphila purpurea Benth.



Sciaphila purpurea Benth.

Reference: Flora Peru: 705: 96; Maas, P. J. M. & T. R&uuml;bsamen, 1986: 35. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez 10434 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Scilla acaulis Baker



Scilla acaulis Baker

Reference: Baker, J. G., 1874: 364. 
Ecology. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   No modern citation for this species found for Peru. 
Voucher: Whiteley s.n.* (BM)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Scilla biflora Ruiz & Pav.


Scilla biflora Ruiz & Pav. = Fortunatia biflora (Ruiz & Pav.) J.F. Macbr.

Reference: FP 1187: 623. 


$


 Scilla geminiflora (Herbert) Kunth


Scilla geminiflora (Herbert) Kunth = Fortunatia biflora (Ruiz & Pav.) J.F. Macbr.

Reference: FP 1187: 623. 


$


 Scindapsus dilaceratus K. Koch & Sellow


Scindapsus dilaceratus K. Koch & Sellow = Monstera dilacerata (K. Koch & Sellow) K. Koch

Reference: Madison, M. T., 1977: 57. 


$


 Sciodaphyllum acuminatum (Pav&oacute;n) Poir.


Sciodaphyllum acuminatum (Pav&oacute;n) Poir. = Schefflera acuminata (Ruiz & Pav.) Harms

Reference: FP 1322: 28. 


$


 Sciodaphyllum angulatum (Pav&oacute;n) Poir.


Sciodaphyllum angulatum (Pav&oacute;n) Poir. = Schefflera angulata (Ruiz & Pav.) Harms

Reference: FP 1322: 29. 


$


 Sciodaphyllum conicum (Pav&oacute;n) Poir.


Sciodaphyllum conicum (Pav&oacute;n) Poir. = Schefflera acuminata (Ruiz & Pav.) Harms

Reference: FP 1322: 30. 


$


 Sciodaphyllum japurense C. Martius & Zuccarini ex Marchal


Sciodaphyllum japurense C. Martius & Zuccarini ex Marchal = Schefflera japurensis (C. Martius & Zuccarini ex Marchal) Harms

Reference: Maguire, B., J. A. Steyermark & D. G. Frodin, 1984: 71. 


$


 Sciodaphyllum mathewsii Seem.


Sciodaphyllum mathewsii Seem. = Schefflera mathewsii (Seem.) Harms

Reference: FP 1322: 33. 


$


 Sciodaphyllum patulum Rusby


Sciodaphyllum patulum Rusby = Schefflera patula (Rusby) Harms

Reference: Frodin, pers. comm.. 


$


 Sciodaphyllum pedicellatum (Pav&oacute;n) Poir.


Sciodaphyllum pedicellatum (Pav&oacute;n) Poir. = Schefflera pedicellata (Ruiz & Pav.) Harms

Reference: FP 1322: 35. 


$


 Sciodaphyllum pentandrum (R. & P.) Poir.


Sciodaphyllum pentandrum (R. & P.) Poir. = Schefflera pentandra (Ruiz & Pav.) Harms

Reference: FP 1322: 36. 


$


 Sciodaphyllum sprucei Seem.


Sciodaphyllum sprucei Seem. = Schefflera sprucei (Seem.) Harms

Reference: FP 1322: 37. 


$


 Scirpus acaulis Phil.


Scirpus acaulis Phil. = ?  

Reference: FP 735: 289; Beetle, A. A., 1953: 83. 


$


 Scirpus acutangula Roxb.


Scirpus acutangula Roxb. = Eleocharis acutangula (Roxb.) Schult.

Reference: Koyama, T., 1985: 256. 


$


 Scirpus americanus fo. cordilleranus K&uuml;k. & Barros


Scirpus americanus fo. cordilleranus K&uuml;k. & Barros = Scirpus pungens Vahl

Reference: Barros, M., 1935: 159; Schuyler, A. E., 1974: 52. 


$


 Scirpus americanus Pers.



Scirpus americanus Pers.

Synonyms: Scirpus americanus (Benth. & Mueller) Beetle, Scirpus americanus (Pers.) Volkart ex Schinz & Keller, Scirpus americanus Gray ex Engelm. & Gray
Reference: Flora Peru: 735: 289; Koyama, T., 1985: 1112; Schuyler, A. E., 1974: 52. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I, Coastal: disturbed areas, riversides. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: S&aacute;nchez 3092 (MO!)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Scirpus americanus subsp. monophyllus (J. Presl & C. Presl) T. Koyama


Scirpus americanus subsp. monophyllus (J. Presl & C. Presl) T. Koyama = Scirpus pungens Vahl

Reference: Koyama, T., 1963: 1118; Schuyler, A. E., 1974: 52. 


$


 Scirpus americanus var. conglomeratus (Kunth) T. Koyama


Scirpus americanus var. conglomeratus (Kunth) T. Koyama = Scirpus pungens Vahl

Reference: Koyama, T., 1963: 1119; Schuyler, A. E., 1974: 52. 


$


 Scirpus americanus var. longisetis (Benth. & Mueller) Beetle


Scirpus americanus var. longisetis (Benth. & Mueller) Beetle = Scirpus americanus Pers.

Reference: Koyama, T., 1963: 1122; Schuyler, A. E., 1974: 52. 


$


 Scirpus angachillensis Boeckl.


Scirpus angachillensis Boeckl. = Scirpus inundatus (R. Br.) Poir.

Reference: FP 735: 292. 


$


 Scirpus asper J. Presl & C. Presl



Scirpus asper J. Presl & C. Presl

Synonyms: Scirpus asper Beetle
Reference: Flora Peru: 735: 289; Beetle, A. A., 1953: 82. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Voucher: Williams 2572 (NY!)
Departments: Arequipa.


$


 Scirpus asperulus (Kunth) Poir.


Scirpus asperulus (Kunth) Poir. = Bulbostylis tenuifolia (Rudge) J.F. Macbr.

Reference: FP 735: 285; Kral, R., 1971: 99. 


$


 Scirpus atacamensis (Phil.) Boeckl.



Scirpus atacamensis (Phil.) Boeckl.

Synonyms: Scirpus atacamensis Boeckl., Scirpus atacamensis Phil.
Reference: Flora Peru: 735: 289. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Scirpus atropurpureus Retz.


Scirpus atropurpureus Retz. = Eleocharis atropurpurea (Retz.) Kunth

Reference: FP 735: 279; Svenson, H. K., 1929: 227. 


$


 Scirpus barbatus Rottb.


Scirpus barbatus Rottb. = Bulbostylis barbata (Rottb.) C.B. Clarke

Reference: Koyama, T., 1979: 245. 


$


 Scirpus californicus (C.A. Mey.) Steud. subsp.californicus



Scirpus californicus (C.A. Mey.) Steud. subsp. californicus 

Synonyms: Scirpus californicus californicus C.A. Mey.
Reference: Flora Peru: 735: 289; Koyama, T., 1963: 1129. 
Note: Specimens cited in The Flora of Peru are redetermined as S. californicus subsp. tatora. 


$


 Scirpus californicus (C.A. Mey.) Steud.



Scirpus californicus (C.A. Mey.) Steud.

$


 Scirpus californicus subsp.tatora (Kunth) T. Koyama



Scirpus californicus subsp. tatora (Kunth) T. Koyama

Synonyms: Scirpus californicus tatora J. Presl & C. Presl, Scirpus californicus tatora Kunth, Scirpus californicus var. tatora (Steud.) C.B. Clarke
Reference: Koyama, T., 1963: 1129. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: disturbed areas. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Smith 9424 (F!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, La Libertad, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Scirpus capillaris L.


Scirpus capillaris L. = Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) C.B. Clarke

Reference: FP 735: 283; Kral, R., 1971: 98. 


$


 Scirpus caribaeus Rottb.


Scirpus caribaeus Rottb. = Eleocharis geniculata (L.) Roem. & Schult.

Reference: FP 735: 280; Svenson, H. K., 1957: 520. 


$


 Scirpus cephalotes L.


Scirpus cephalotes L. = Rhynchospora cephalotes (L.) Vahl

Reference: Koyama, T., 1972: 38. 


$


 Scirpus cernuus Vahl



Scirpus cernuus Vahl

Synonyms: Scirpus cernuus (Kunth) Boeckl., Scirpus cernuus (Vahl) Roem. & Schult., Scirpus cernuus J. Presl & C. Presl, Scirpus cernuus Kunth, Scirpus cernuus Nees & Meyen
Reference: Flora Peru: 735: 290. 
Ecology: Native aquatic or terrestrial herb. Andean II-III: emergent, riversides. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Iltis et al. 864 (NY!)
Departments: Arequipa, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Scirpus coarctatus Elliott


Scirpus coarctatus Elliott = Bulbostylis ciliatifolia var. coarctata (Ell.) Kral

Reference: FP 735: 284; Kral, R., 1971: 96. 


$


 Scirpus complanatus Retz.


Scirpus complanatus Retz. = Fimbristylis complanata (Retz.) Link

Reference: FP 735: 286; Kral, R., 1971: 106. 


$


 Scirpus conglomeratus Kunth


Scirpus conglomeratus Kunth = Scirpus pungens Vahl

Reference: FP 735: 290; Koyama, T., 1963: 1119; Schuyler, A. E., 1974: 52. 


$


 Scirpus corymbosus L.


Scirpus corymbosus L. = Rhynchospora corymbosa (L.) Britton

Reference: FP 735: 299; Kuekenthal, G., 1949: 410. 


$


 Scirpus cubensis Poepp. & Kunth


Scirpus cubensis Poepp. & Kunth = Oxycaryum cubense (Poepp. & Kunth) Lye

Reference: FP 735: 291; Lye, K. A., 1971: 281. 


$


 Scirpus deserticola Phil.



Scirpus deserticola Phil.

Synonyms: Scirpus deserticola Boeckl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 735: 291; Beetle, A. A., 1953: 83. 
Ecology: Native herb. 4000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Iltis & Ugent 1284 (USM!)


$


 Scirpus dichotomus L.


Scirpus dichotomus L. = Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl

Reference: Kral, R., 1971: 117. 


$


 Scirpus diphyllus Retz.


Scirpus diphyllus Retz. = Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl

Reference: FP 735: 286; Kral, R., 1971: 117. 


$


 Scirpus elegans Kunth


Scirpus elegans Kunth = Eleocharis elegans (Kunth) Roem. & Schult.

Reference: FP 735: 281; Svenson, H. K., 1937: 259. 


$


 Scirpus exiguus Kunth


Scirpus exiguus Kunth = Eleocharis exigua (Kunth) Roem. & Schult.

Reference: Svenson, H. K., 1939: 14. 


$


 Scirpus fimbriatus (Nees) Boeckl.


Scirpus fimbriatus (Nees) Boeckl. = Bulbostylis barbata (Rottb.) C.B. Clarke

Reference: FP 735: 284; Koyama, T., 1979: 245. 


$


 Scirpus fistulosus Poir.


Scirpus fistulosus Poir. = Eleocharis acutangula (Roxb.) Schult.

Reference: Koyama, T., 1985: 256. 


$


 Scirpus fragrans Ruiz & Pav.



Scirpus fragrans Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Flora Peru: 735: 291. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* 
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Scirpus geniculatus L.


Scirpus geniculatus L. = Eleocharis geniculata (L.) Roem. & Schult.

Reference: FP 735: 281; Svenson, H. K., 1937: 261. 


$


 Scirpus hieronymi Boeckl.


Scirpus hieronymi Boeckl. = Scirpus atacamensis (Phil.) Boeckl.

Reference: FP 735: 291; Beetle, A. A., 1953: 83. 


$


 Scirpus interstinctus Vahl


Scirpus interstinctus Vahl = Eleocharis interstincta (Vahl) Roem. & Schult.

Reference: FP 735: 281. 
Note: NN  


$


 Scirpus inundatus (R. Br.) Poir.



Scirpus inundatus (R. Br.) Poir.

Synonyms: Scirpus inundatus (Kunth) Poir., Scirpus inundatus Boeckl., Scirpus inundatus Kunth, Scirpus inundatus R. Br.
Reference: Flora Peru: 735: 292. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: dry valleys. 1500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Le&oacute;n & Young 4786 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, La Libertad, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Scirpus kunkelii Barros



Scirpus kunkelii Barros

Reference: Barros, M., 1962: 521. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean III: rocky slopes. 4000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Kunkel 859 
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Scirpus limensis C.B. Clarke


Scirpus limensis C.B. Clarke = Scirpus pungens Vahl

Reference: FP 735: 292; Koyama, T., 1963: 1119; Schuyler, A. E., 1974: 52. 


$


 Scirpus lomanus H. Pfeiff.


Scirpus lomanus H. Pfeiff. = Scirpus pungens Vahl

Reference: FP 735: 292; Koyama, T., 1963: 1118; Schuyler, A. E., 1974: 52. 


$


 Scirpus longifolius Rich.


Scirpus longifolius Rich. = Hypolytrum longifolium (Rich.) Nees subsp. longifolium 

Reference: Koyama, T., 1970: 70. 


$


 Scirpus lorentzii Boeckl.


Scirpus lorentzii Boeckl. = Bulbostylis juncoides var. lorentzii (Boeckl.) K&uuml;k.

$


 Scirpus luzulae L.


Scirpus luzulae L. = Cyperus luzulae (L.) Retz.

Reference: FP 735: 272; Tucker, G. C., 1983: 19. 


$


 Scirpus maculosus Vahl


Scirpus maculosus Vahl = Eleocharis maculosa (Vahl) Roem. & Schult.

Reference: Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark, 1958: 150. 


$


 Scirpus maritimus L.



Scirpus maritimus L.

$


 Scirpus maritimus var.digynus Godron



Scirpus maritimus var. digynus Godron

Synonyms: Scirpus maritimus digynus A. Nelson, Scirpus maritimus subsp. digynus (A. Nelson) &aacute;. L&ouml;ve & D. L&ouml;ve, Scirpus maritimus var. digynus (A. Nelson) K&uuml;k.
Reference: Sag&aacute;stegui-Alva, A., 1959: 269. 
Ecology: Native herb. Coastal: beach. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Angulo 502 (HUT)
Departments: Lambayeque, La Libertad.


$


 Scirpus maritimus var.maritimus



Scirpus maritimus var. maritimus 

Synonyms: Scirpus maritimus maritimus (L.) Palla
Reference: Sag&aacute;stegui-Alva, A., 1959: 269; Koyama, T., 1962: 935. 
Ecology: Native herb. Coastal: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: L&oacute;pez & Sag&aacute;stegui 8106 (MO!)
Departments: Lambayeque.


$


 Scirpus maritimus var. paludosus (A. Nelson) K&uuml;k.


Scirpus maritimus var. paludosus (A. Nelson) K&uuml;k. = Scirpus maritimus var. digynus Godron

Reference: Davidse, pers. comm.. 


$


 Scirpus micranthus Vahl


Scirpus micranthus Vahl = Lipocarpha micrantha (Vahl) G. Tucker

Reference: Tucker, G. C., 1987: 410. 


$


 Scirpus miliaceus L.


Scirpus miliaceus L. = Fimbristylis littoralis Gaudich.

Reference: Blake, S. T., 1954: 217. 


$


 Scirpus monophyllus J. Presl & C. Presl


Scirpus monophyllus J. Presl & C. Presl = Scirpus pungens Vahl

Reference: FP 735: 289; Koyama, T., 1963: 118; Schuyler, A. E., 1974: 52. 


$


 Scirpus montanus Kunth


Scirpus montanus Kunth = Eleocharis montana (Kunth) Roem. & Schult.

Reference: Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark, 1958: 151. 


$


 Scirpus mutatus L.


Scirpus mutatus L. = Eleocharis mutata (L.) Roem. & Schult.

Reference: Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark, 1958: 152. 


$


 Scirpus nigricans (Kunth) Poir.


Scirpus nigricans (Kunth) Poir. = Scirpus inundatus (R. Br.) Poir.

Reference: FP 735: 292. 


$


 Scirpus nodosus Rottb.


Scirpus nodosus Rottb. = ?  

Reference: FP 735: 290. 
Note: NN  


$


 Scirpus nodulosus Roth


Scirpus nodulosus Roth = Eleocharis montana (Kunth) Roem. & Schult.

Reference: FP 735: 281; Svenson, H. K., 1957: 532. 


$


 Scirpus olneyi fo. australis Barros & Osten


Scirpus olneyi fo. australis Barros & Osten = Scirpus pungens Vahl

Reference: Barros, M., 1935: 161; Schuyler, A. E., 1974: 52. 


$


 Scirpus olneyi Gray ex Engelm. & Gray


Scirpus olneyi Gray ex Engelm. & Gray = Scirpus americanus Pers.

Reference: Schuyler, A. E., 1974: 52. 


$


 Scirpus paludosus A. Nelson


Scirpus paludosus A. Nelson = Scirpus maritimus var. digynus Godron

Reference: Davidse, pers. comm.. 


$


 Scirpus pauciflorus Lightf.


Scirpus pauciflorus Lightf. = Eleocharis pauciflora (Lightf.) Link

Reference: FP 735: 293. 
Note: NN  


$


 Scirpus peruvianus H. Pfeiff.


Scirpus peruvianus H. Pfeiff. = Juncus arcticus var. andicola (Hook.) Balslev

Reference: FP 735: 293; Koyama, T., 1963: 1130; Balslev, pers. comm.. 


$


 Scirpus plicarhachis Griseb.


Scirpus plicarhachis Griseb. = Eleocharis plicarhachis (Griseb.) Svenson

Reference: FP 735: 282; Svenson, H. K., 1957: 513. 


$


 Scirpus pungens Vahl



Scirpus pungens Vahl

Synonyms: Scirpus pungens (J. Presl & C. Presl) T. Koyama, Scirpus pungens (Kunth) T. Koyama, Scirpus pungens Barros & Osten, Scirpus pungens C.B. Clarke, Scirpus pungens H. Pfeiff., Scirpus pungens J. Presl & C. Presl, Scirpus pungens K&uuml;k. & Barros, Scirpus pungens Kunth
Reference: Flora Peru: 735: 289; Schuyler, A. E., 1974: 51; Davidse, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II, Coastal: disturbed areas. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Eyerdam & Beetle 22155 (MO!)
Departments: Arequipa, Lambayeque.


$


 Scirpus radicans Poir.


Scirpus radicans Poir. = Eleocharis radicans (Poir.) Kunth

Reference: Svenson, H. K., 1957: 517. 


$


 Scirpus retroflexus Poir.


Scirpus retroflexus Poir. = Eleocharis retroflexa (Poir.) Urb.

Reference: FP 735: 282; Svenson, H. K., 1937: 236. 


$


 Scirpus rigidus Boeckl.



Scirpus rigidus Boeckl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 735: 293. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: grasslands, rocky slopes. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Smith 5691 (NY!)
Departments: Ancash, Jun&iacute;n, La Libertad, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Scirpus riparius J. Presl & C. Presl


Scirpus riparius J. Presl & C. Presl = Scirpus californicus subsp. tatora (Kunth) T. Koyama

Reference: FP 735: 290. 


$


 Scirpus riparius var. tereticulmis (Steud.) C.B. Clarke


Scirpus riparius var. tereticulmis (Steud.) C.B. Clarke = Scirpus californicus subsp. tatora (Kunth) T. Koyama

Reference: FP 735: 290; Koyama, T., 1963: 1130. 


$


 Scirpus semisubterraneus Boeckl.


Scirpus semisubterraneus Boeckl. = Scirpus deserticola Phil.

Reference: FP 735: 291. 


$


 Scirpus setaceus var. pygmaeus (Kunth) Boeckl.


Scirpus setaceus var. pygmaeus (Kunth) Boeckl. = Scirpus cernuus Vahl

Reference: FP 735: 290. 


$


 Scirpus spadiceus L.


Scirpus spadiceus L. = Fimbristylis spadicea (L.) Vahl

Reference: FP 735: 287; Kral, R., 1971: 131. 


$


 Scirpus subasper Beetle


Scirpus subasper Beetle = Scirpus asper J. Presl & C. Presl

Reference: Beetle, A. A., 1953: 82. 


$


 Scirpus sulcatus Roth


Scirpus sulcatus Roth = Eleocharis filiculmis Kunth

Reference: FP 735: 282; Svenson, H. K., 1937: 266. 


$


 Scirpus tatora Kunth


Scirpus tatora Kunth = Scirpus californicus subsp. tatora (Kunth) T. Koyama

Reference: FP 735: 290. 


$


 Scirpus tenuifolius Rudge


Scirpus tenuifolius Rudge = Bulbostylis tenuifolia (Rudge) J.F. Macbr.

Reference: FP 735: 285; Kral, R., 1971: 99. 


$


 Scirpus vahlii Lam.


Scirpus vahlii Lam. = Fimbristylis vahlii (Lam.) Link

Reference: FP 735: 287; Kral, R., 1971: 124. 


$


 Scleranthus peruvianus Muschl.



Scleranthus peruvianus Muschl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1267: 603. 
Ecology. 4000-4500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   This taxon may be better placed in Arenaria. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 3985* (B)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Scleria arundinacea Kunth


Scleria arundinacea Kunth = Scleria latifolia Sw.

Reference: FP 735: 312; Adams, pers. comm.. 


$


 Scleria bracteata Cav.



Scleria bracteata Cav.

Reference: Flora Peru: 735: 308; Core, E. L., 1965: 65. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, riversides. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Asplund 13157 (NY!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Scleria capitata Willd.


Scleria capitata Willd. = Diplacrum capitatum (Willd.) Boeckl.

Reference: Koyama, T., 1967: 34. 


$


 Scleria castanea Core



Scleria castanea Core

Reference: Core, E. L., 1936: 30. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: disturbed areas. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Pennell 13943* (NY), N&uacute;&ntilde;ez & Arque 8427 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Scleria cyperina Kunth



Scleria cyperina Kunth

Reference: Core, E. L., 1965: 61. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 25642 (MO!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Scleria cyperinoides C.B. Clarke



Scleria cyperinoides C.B. Clarke

Reference: Core, E. L., 1965: 63. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I: riversides. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Dillon et al. 1226 (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Puno.


$


 Scleria distans Poir.



Scleria distans Poir.

$


 Scleria flagellum Sw.


Scleria flagellum Sw. = Scleria flagellum-nigrorum Bergius

Reference: Core, E. L., 1965: 66. 


$


 Scleria flagellum-nigrorum Bergius



Scleria flagellum-nigrorum Bergius

Synonyms: Scleria flagellum-nigrorum Sw.
Reference: Core, E. L., 1965: 66. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Note: f 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez et al. 326 (NY!)
Departments: Loreto, Ucayali.


$


 Scleria grandis Core



Scleria grandis Core

Reference: Core, E. L., 1965: 62. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez et al. 3020 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Scleria hirtella Sw.



Scleria hirtella Sw.

Reference: Flora Peru: 735: 308; Koyama, T., 1979: 316. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I: disturbed areas. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Llatas 1966 (F!)
Departments: Lambayeque, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Scleria huberi C.B. Clarke



Scleria huberi C.B. Clarke

Synonyms: Scleria huberi K&uuml;k.
Reference: Core, E. L., 1936: 77. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 6049 (NY!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Scleria lagoensis Boeckl.



Scleria lagoensis Boeckl.

Synonyms: Scleria lagoensis Boeckl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 735: 308; Core, E. L., 1965: 66. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Scleria latifolia Sw.



Scleria latifolia Sw.

Synonyms: Scleria latifolia (Kunth) Standl. & Steyerm., Scleria latifolia Kunth, Scleria latifolia Poepp. & Kunth
Reference: Core, E. L., 1965: 64; Adams, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 10095 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Scleria latifolia var. arundinacea (Kunth) Standl. & Steyerm.


Scleria latifolia var. arundinacea (Kunth) Standl. & Steyerm. = Scleria latifolia Sw.

Reference: Adams, pers. comm.. 


$


 Scleria macbrideana Gross



Scleria macbrideana Gross

Reference: Flora Peru: 735: 308. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Williams 2571* , Davidson & Revilla 5380 (NY!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Scleria macrogyne C.B. Clarke



Scleria macrogyne C.B. Clarke

Reference: Core, E. L., 1965: 63. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, riversides. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Young & Sullivan 726 (NY!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Ucayali.


$


 Scleria macrophylla J. Presl & C. Presl



Scleria macrophylla J. Presl & C. Presl

Synonyms: Scleria macrophylla Poepp. & Kunth
Reference: Core, E. L., 1965: 60. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 10541 (F!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco.


$


 Scleria martii (Nees) Steud.



Scleria martii (Nees) Steud.

Synonyms: Scleria martii Nees
Reference: Flora Peru: 735: 309. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Williams 736 (F!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Scleria melaleuca Rchb. ex Schltdl. & Cham.



Scleria melaleuca Rchb. ex Schltdl. & Cham.

Synonyms: Scleria melaleuca (Rchb. ex Schltdl. & Cham.) Uittien, Scleria melaleuca C. Presl
Reference: Flora Peru: 735: 309; Core, E. L., 1965: 67. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez et al. 2345 (NY!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Scleria microcarpa Nees ex Kunth



Scleria microcarpa Nees ex Kunth

Reference: Flora Peru: 735: 309; Core, E. L., 1965: 60. 
Ecology: Native aquatic or terrestrial herb. Amazonian: emergent, riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 21295 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Scleria mitis Bergius



Scleria mitis Bergius

Synonyms: Scleria mitis Poepp. & Kunth
Reference: Core, E. L., 1965: 61. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: disturbed areas, swamps. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 26947 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Scleria moritziana Boeckl.


Scleria moritziana Boeckl. = Scleria lagoensis Boeckl.

Reference: FP 735: 308; Core, E. L., 1965: 66. 


$


 Scleria neogranatensis C.B. Clarke



Scleria neogranatensis C.B. Clarke

Reference: Core, E. L., 1936: 52. 
Ecology. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Ayala et al. 2944 (NY!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Scleria paludosa Poepp. & Kunth


Scleria paludosa Poepp. & Kunth = Scleria macrophylla J. Presl & C. Presl

Reference: FP 735: 309; Core, E. L., 1965: 60. 


$


 Scleria peruviana K&uuml;k.


Scleria peruviana K&uuml;k. = Scleria huberi C.B. Clarke

Reference: FP 735: 310; Core, E. L., 1936: 77. 


$


 Scleria pleostachya Kunth


Scleria pleostachya Kunth = Scleria spicata (Sprengel) J.F. Macbr.

Reference: FP 735: 311. 


$


 Scleria poeppigii (Nees) Steud.



Scleria poeppigii (Nees) Steud.

Synonyms: Scleria poeppigii Nees
Reference: Flora Peru: 735: 310. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Scleria pterota C. Presl


Scleria pterota C. Presl = Scleria melaleuca Rchb. ex Schltdl. & Cham.

Reference: Adams, pers. comm.. 


$


 Scleria pterota var. melaleuca (Rchb. ex Schltdl. & Cham.) Uittien


Scleria pterota var. melaleuca (Rchb. ex Schltdl. & Cham.) Uittien = Scleria melaleuca Rchb. ex Schltdl. & Cham.

Reference: Adams, pers. comm.. 


$


 Scleria purdiei C.B. Clarke



Scleria purdiei C.B. Clarke

$


 Scleria ramosa C.B. Clarke



Scleria ramosa C.B. Clarke

$


 Scleria reflexa Kunth


Scleria reflexa Kunth = Scleria secans (L.) Urb.

Reference: FP 735: 310,311; Core, E. L., 1965: 68. 


$


 Scleria riparia Poepp. & Kunth


Scleria riparia Poepp. & Kunth = Scleria mitis Bergius

Reference: FP 735: 310; Core, E. L., 1965: 61. 


$


 Scleria secans (L.) Urb.



Scleria secans (L.) Urb.

Synonyms: Scleria secans Kunth
Reference: Flora Peru: 735: 311; Core, E. L., 1965: 68. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, riversides. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Foster 9720 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Scleria spicata (Sprengel) J.F. Macbr.



Scleria spicata (Sprengel) J.F. Macbr.

Synonyms: Scleria spicata Kunth, Scleria spicata Sprengel
Reference: Flora Peru: 735: 311. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Scleria stipitata Uittien



Scleria stipitata Uittien

Reference: Core, E. L., 1936: 89. 
Ecology: Native vine. Amazonian: riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Davidson & Revilla 5380 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Scleria stipularis Nees



Scleria stipularis Nees

Reference: Flora Peru: 735: 311; Core, E. L., 1965: 62. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 27103 (NY!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto.


$


 Scleria sylvestris Poepp. & Kunth


Scleria sylvestris Poepp. & Kunth = Scleria latifolia Sw.

Reference: FP 735: 312; Core, E. L., 1965: 63. 


$


 Scleria vaginata Steud.



Scleria vaginata Steud.

Reference: Flora Peru: 735: 312; Core, E. L., 1965: 66. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Young & Stratton 143 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Scleria williamsii Gross



Scleria williamsii Gross

Reference: Flora Peru: 735: 312. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Williams 5823* 
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sclerolobium chrysophyllum Poepp.


Sclerolobium chrysophyllum Poepp. = Tachigali chrysophylla (Poepp.) Zarucchi & Herend.

Reference: FP 21: 200; Dwyer, J. D., 1957: 99. 


$


 Sclerolobium guianense Benth.


Sclerolobium guianense Benth. = Tachigali guianensis (Benth.) Zarucchi & Herend.

Reference: Dwyer, J. D., 1957: 96. 


$


 Sclerolobium hypoleucum Benth.


Sclerolobium hypoleucum Benth. = Tachigali hypoleuca (Benth.) Zarucchi & Herend.

Reference: FP 21: 200; Dwyer, J. D., 1957: 85. 
Note: NN  


$


 Sclerolobium melinonii Harms


Sclerolobium melinonii Harms = Tachigali melinonii (Harms) Zarucchi & Herend.

Reference: Dwyer, J. D., 1957: 106; Spichiger, R., J. Meroz, P. Loizeau & L. Stutz de Ortega, 1989: 304. 


$


 Sclerolobium micranthum L.O. Williams


Sclerolobium micranthum L.O. Williams = Tachigali micrantha (L.O. Williams) Zarucchi & Herend.

Reference: Williams, L. O., 1964: 32. 


$


 Sclerolobium paniculatum var. peruvianum Dwyer


Sclerolobium paniculatum var. peruvianum Dwyer = Tachigali peruviana (Dwyer) Zarucchi & Herend.

Reference: Dwyer, J. D., 1957: 94. 


$


 Sclerolobium paniculatum Vogel



Sclerolobium paniculatum Vogel

$


 Sclerolobium rigidum J.F. Macbr.


Sclerolobium rigidum J.F. Macbr. = Tachigali macbridei Zarucchi & Herend.

Reference: FP 21: 201; Dwyer, J. D., 1957: 100. 


$


 Sclerolobium setiferum Ducke


Sclerolobium setiferum Ducke = Tachigali setifera (Ducke) Zarucchi & Herend.

Reference: FP 21: 202; Dwyer, J. D., 1957: 104. 


$


 Sclerolobium tinctorium Benth.


Sclerolobium tinctorium Benth. = Tachigali tinctoria (Benth.) Zarucchi & Herend.

Reference: FP 21: 202; Dwyer, J. D., 1957: 94. 
Note: NN  


$


 Sclerolobium tinctorium var. uleanum (Harms) Dwyer


Sclerolobium tinctorium var. uleanum (Harms) Dwyer = Tachigali uleana (Harms) Zarucchi & Herend.

Reference: Dwyer, J. D., 1957: 95. 


$


 Sclerolobium uleanum Harms


Sclerolobium uleanum Harms = Tachigali uleana (Harms) Zarucchi & Herend.

Reference: FP 21: 202; Dwyer, J. D., 1957: 95. 


$


 Sclerolobium weberbaueri Harms


Sclerolobium weberbaueri Harms = Tachigali uleana (Harms) Zarucchi & Herend.

Reference: FP 21: 202; Dwyer, J. D., 1957: 95. 


$


 Sclerothrix fasciculata C. Presl


Sclerothrix fasciculata C. Presl = Klaprothia fasciculata (C. Presl) Poston

Reference: FP 742: 146. 


$


 Scleroxylon manglillo (Lam.) Dombey ex Lam.


Scleroxylon manglillo (Lam.) Dombey ex Lam. = Myrsine manglilla (Lam.) R. Br.

Reference: Pipoly, pers. comm.. 


$


 Scobinaria japurensis (A. DC.) Sandwith


Scobinaria japurensis (A. DC.) Sandwith = Arrabidaea japurensis (A. DC.) Bureau & K. Schum.

Reference: FP 1362: 40. 


$


 Scoparia dulcis L.



Scoparia dulcis L.

Synonyms: Scoparia dulcis Forsk., Scoparia dulcis Nash, Scoparia dulcis Nutt.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1361: 704. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I-II, Coastal: disturbed areas, forests. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 6762 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Lambayeque, La Libertad, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Tumbes.


$


 Scoparia grandiflora Nash


Scoparia grandiflora Nash = Scoparia dulcis L.

Reference: FP 1361: 704. 


$


 Scoparia ternata Forsk.


Scoparia ternata Forsk. = Scoparia dulcis L.

Reference: FP 1361: 704. 


$



$


 Scrophularia meridionalis L.f.


Scrophularia meridionalis L.f. = Alonsoa meridionalis var. meridionalis 

Reference: FP 1361: 474. 


$


 Scubulon humboldti (Willd.) Raf.


Scubulon humboldti (Willd.) Raf. = Lycopersicon esculentum var. esculentum 

$


 Scutellaria agrestis St. Hilaire ex Bentham



Scutellaria agrestis St. Hilaire ex Bentham

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 817; Epling, C., 1942: 100; Fern&aacute;ndez A., J. L., 1989: 116. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Williams 4497 (F)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Scutellaria atriplicifolia Benth.



Scutellaria atriplicifolia Benth.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 817; Epling, C., 1942: 126. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: shrublands. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (OXF), Macbride 4554 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Pasco.


$


 Scutellaria aurata Lemaire


Scutellaria aurata Lemaire = Scutellaria speciosa Epling

Reference: FP 1287: 821; Epling, C., 1942: 125. 


$


 Scutellaria benthamiana (Mansf.) Epling



Scutellaria benthamiana (Mansf.) Epling

Synonyms: Scutellaria benthamiana Mansf.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 818; Epling, C., 1942: 130. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: disturbed areas, shrublands. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 6164* (B), Weberbauer 7592 (B)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco.


$


 Scutellaria breviflora Benth.



Scutellaria breviflora Benth.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 818; Epling, C., 1942: 102. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (OXF)


$


 Scutellaria coccinea Kunth



Scutellaria coccinea Kunth

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 819; Epling, C., 1942: 125; Epling, C. & M. E. Mathias, 1957: 301. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 1876 (LA)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Scutellaria flocculosa Epling & Mathias



Scutellaria flocculosa Epling & Mathias

Synonyms: Scutellaria flocculosa Epling & Mathias


$


 Scutellaria gardoquioides (Bentham & Hooker f.) Benth.



Scutellaria gardoquioides (Bentham & Hooker f.) Benth.

Synonyms: Scutellaria gardoquioides Benth. & Hook. f.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 819; Epling, C., 1942: 130; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1966: 264. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean I-II: rocky slopes, shrublands. 1000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Mathews s.n.* (K), Ferreyra 7635 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, La Libertad.


$


 Scutellaria hookeri Epling



Scutellaria hookeri Epling

Synonyms: Scutellaria hookeri Hooker, hom. illeg.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 820; Epling, C., 1942: 126. 
Ecology: Native subshrub. . 
Voucher: Cultivated plant ex Nation s.n.* (K)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Scutellaria irrasa Epling



Scutellaria irrasa Epling

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 820; Epling, C., 1936: 177; Epling, C., 1942: 125. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests. 500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 4086* (MO!), Stork & Horton 9511 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Scutellaria leucantha Loes.



Scutellaria leucantha Loes.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 820; Epling, C., 1942: 104; Fern&aacute;ndez A., J. L., 1989: 116. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez et. al. 11936 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Scutellaria ocymoides (Kunth) Epling



Scutellaria ocymoides (Kunth) Epling

Synonyms: Scutellaria ocymoides Kunth, Scutellaria ocymoides Mansf.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 821; Epling, C., 1942: 131. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: rocky slopes, shrublands. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison & Saravia 7105 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Lima.


$


 Scutellaria perilomia Epling


Scutellaria perilomia Epling = Scutellaria scutellarioides (Kunth) Harley

Reference: FP 1287: 821; Harley R. M., 1983: 138. 


$


 Scutellaria scutellarioides (Kunth) Harley



Scutellaria scutellarioides (Kunth) Harley

Synonyms: Scutellaria scutellarioides Epling, Scutellaria scutellarioides Kunth
Reference: Harley R. M., 1983: 138; Ramamoorthy, T. P., 1984: 727. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Andean I-II: rocky slopes, shrublands. 1000-3000 m. 
Note: The combination in Scutellaria was also made by Ramamoorthy (1984). 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui & Mostacero 9198 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Piura.


$


 Scutellaria speciosa Epling



Scutellaria speciosa Epling

Synonyms: Scutellaria speciosa Lemaire
Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 821; Epling, C., 1942: 125. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, dry valleys, rocky slopes. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Ule 6580* (K), Klug 4236 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Scutellaria tomentosa (Benth.) Epling



Scutellaria tomentosa (Benth.) Epling

Synonyms: Scutellaria tomentosa Benth.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 822; Epling, C., 1942: 130. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality. . Type locality is "Cheuchin."  
Voucher: Dombey s.n.* (OXF), Sag&aacute;stegui & Mostacero 11717 (HUT)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Scutellaria villosa Hooker, hom. illeg.


Scutellaria villosa Hooker, hom. illeg. = Scutellaria hookeri Epling

Reference: FP 1287: 820; Epling, C., 1942: 126. 


$


 Scutellaria volubilis Kunth



Scutellaria volubilis Kunth

Synonyms: Scutellaria volubilis Mansf., Scutellaria volubilis Mansf.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 822; Epling, C., 1942: 128; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1968: 312. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Andean II: disturbed areas, rocky slopes, shrublands. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: D&iacute;az & Balde&oacute;n 2855 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Lambayeque.


$


 Scutia maritima Perkins


Scutia maritima Perkins = Scutia spicata (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Weberb. var. spicata 

Reference: FP 1299: 397; Johnston, M. C., 1974: 70. 


$


 Scutia pauciflora (Hook. f.) Weberb.


Scutia pauciflora (Hook. f.) Weberb. = Scutia spicata var. pauciflora (Hook. f.) M.C. Johnst.

Reference: FP 1299: 397; Johnston, M. C., 1974: 70. 
Note: NN  


$


 Scutia spicata (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Weberb.



Scutia spicata (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Weberb.

$


 Scutia spicata (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Weberb. var.spicata



Scutia spicata (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Weberb. var. spicata 

Synonyms: Scutia spicata spicata (H.B.K.) Miers, Scutia spicata spicata (Kunth) Brongn., Scutia spicata spicata G. Don, Scutia spicata spicata Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., Scutia spicata spicata Kunth, Scutia spicata spicata Perkins
Reference: Flora Peru: 1299: 397; Johnston, M. C., 1974: 70. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean I-II, Coastal: desert, lomas. 0-3000 m. 
Voucher: D&iacute;az 1972 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Ica, Lima, La Libertad, Piura, Tumbes.


$


 Scutia spicata var.pauciflora (Hook. f.) M.C. Johnst.



Scutia spicata var. pauciflora (Hook. f.) M.C. Johnst.

Synonyms: Scutia spicata pauciflora (Hook. f.) Miers, Scutia spicata pauciflora (Hook. f.) Weberb., Scutia spicata pauciflora Hook. f., Scutia spicata pauciflora Hook. f. ex Miers
Reference: Johnston, M. C., 1974: 70. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Scuticaria salesiana Dressler



Scuticaria salesiana Dressler

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Pastorelli illus.  


$


 Scybalium depressum (Hook. f.) Eichler



Scybalium depressum (Hook. f.) Eichler

Synonyms: Scybalium depressum Hook. f.
Reference: Hansen, B. F., 1980: 25. 
Ecology: Native parasitic herb. Andean II: cloud forests. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Barbour 4131 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Scypharia pauciflora (Hook. f.) Miers


Scypharia pauciflora (Hook. f.) Miers = Scutia spicata var. pauciflora (Hook. f.) M.C. Johnst.

Reference: FP 1299: 397; Johnston, M. C., 1974: 70. 
Note: NN  


$


 Scypharia senticosa (H.B.K.) Miers


Scypharia senticosa (H.B.K.) Miers = Scutia spicata (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Weberb. var. spicata 

Reference: FP 1299: 397; Johnston, M. C., 1974: 70. 


$


 Scypharia tetragona Miers


Scypharia tetragona Miers = Citharexylum flexuosum var. flexuosum 

Reference: FP 1286: 674; Weberbauer, A., 1930: 84. 


$


 Sebastiania corniculata (M. Vahl) M&uuml;ll. Arg.



Sebastiania corniculata (M. Vahl) M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Synonyms: Sebastiania corniculata (M. Vahl) Pax, Sebastiania corniculata M. Vahl


$


 Sebastiania corniculata (M. Vahl) Pax


Sebastiania corniculata (M. Vahl) Pax = Sebastiania corniculata (M. Vahl) M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Reference: FP 674: 189. 
Note: NN nom. illeg.  


$


 Sebastiania haploclada Briq.



Sebastiania haploclada Briq.

Reference: Flora Peru: 674: 189. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Mathews s.n.* (G photo MO!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Sebastiania huallagensis Croizat



Sebastiania huallagensis Croizat

Reference: Flora Peru: 674: 190. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Klug 4243* 
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sebastiania obtusifolia (H.B.K.) Pax & K. Hoffm.



Sebastiania obtusifolia (H.B.K.) Pax & K. Hoffm.

Synonyms: Sebastiania obtusifolia Kunth
Reference: Flora Peru: 674: 190. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, elfin forests, shrublands. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Humboldt  s.n.* , Smith & Canne 5922 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, La Libertad, Tacna.


$


 Sechium amazonicum Poepp. & Endl.


Sechium amazonicum Poepp. & Endl. = Cayaponia amazonica (Poepp. & Endl.) Cogn.

Reference: FP 1379: 375; Jeffrey, C., 1971: 213. 


$


 Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw.



Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1379: 382; Jeffrey, C., 1978: 366. 
Ecology: Cultivated vine. Andean I: disturbed areas. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 5104 (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Sechium peruvianum Poepp. & Endl.


Sechium peruvianum Poepp. & Endl. = Cayaponia peruviana (Poeppig & Endlicher) Cogn.

Reference: FP 1379: 378; Jeffrey, C., 1971: 209. 


$


 Secondatia peruviana Poepp.



Secondatia peruviana Poepp.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1343: 437. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, riversides. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 1582* (W), Woytkowski 7572 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto.


$


 Securidaca coriacea Bonpl.



Securidaca coriacea Bonpl.

Synonyms: Securidaca coriacea (Kunth) Oort, nom. illeg., Securidaca coriacea Kunth
Reference: Wurdack, J. J., 1972: 123. 
Ecology. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 6551 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Piura, Tumbes.


$


 Securidaca corytholobium Bentham ex A. W. Bennett


Securidaca corytholobium Bentham ex A. W. Bennett = Securidaca macrophylla (Benth.) Wurdack

Reference: FP 670: 912; Wurdack, J. J., 1972: 125. 


$


 Securidaca decora Poepp.


Securidaca decora Poepp. = Securidaca macrophylla (Benth.) Wurdack

Reference: FP 670: 911. 
Note: Placed hesitantly in synonymy here.  


$


 Securidaca diversifolia (L.) S.F. Blake



Securidaca diversifolia (L.) S.F. Blake

$


 Securidaca diversifolia var.diversifolia



Securidaca diversifolia var. diversifolia 

Synonyms: Securidaca diversifolia diversifolia L., Securidaca diversifolia var. diversifolia DC.
Reference: Flora Peru: 670: 910; Lewis, W. H. & O. Herrera-MacBryde, 1969: 22. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Huashikat 2111 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Securidaca diversifolia var. mollis (Kunth) Oort, nom. illeg.


Securidaca diversifolia var. mollis (Kunth) Oort, nom. illeg. = Securidaca coriacea Bonpl.

Reference: FP 670: 911; Oort, J. A. P., 1940: 681. 


$


 Securidaca hostmanni Miq.


Securidaca hostmanni Miq. = Securidaca paniculata Richard

Reference: FP 670: 912; Oort, A. J. P., 1939: 419. 


$


 Securidaca leiocarpa Blake



Securidaca leiocarpa Blake

Reference: Blake, S. F., 1927: 52; Wurdack, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: L&oacute;pez 6687 (US!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Securidaca longifolia Poepp.



Securidaca longifolia Poepp.

Reference: Flora Peru: 670: 911. 
Ecology: Native liana, shrub, vine. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez et al. 5548 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Securidaca macrophylla (Benth.) Wurdack



Securidaca macrophylla (Benth.) Wurdack

Synonyms: Securidaca macrophylla Benth., Securidaca macrophylla Bentham ex A. W. Bennett, Securidaca macrophylla Poepp., Securidaca macrophylla Poepp.
Reference: Wurdack, J. J., 1972: 125. 
Ecology: Native liana, shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 3958 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Securidaca macrophylla Bentham ex Walpers, nom. invalid


Securidaca macrophylla Bentham ex Walpers, nom. invalid = Seguieria macrophylla Benth.

Reference: FP 670: 911. 


$


 Securidaca mollis Kunth


Securidaca mollis Kunth = Securidaca coriacea Bonpl.

Reference: Wurdack, J. J., 1972: 123. 


$


 Securidaca paniculata Richard



Securidaca paniculata Richard

Synonyms: Securidaca paniculata Miq.
Reference: Flora Peru: 670: 912; Oort, A. J. P., 1939: 419. 
Ecology: Native liana, subshrub, vine. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests, riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 8758 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Securidaca parvifolia Spruce ex A.W. Benn.


Securidaca parvifolia Spruce ex A.W. Benn. = Securidaca rivinaefolia var. parvifolia A. W. Bennett

Reference: Oort, A. J. P., 1939: 423. 


$


 Securidaca pubescens DC.



Securidaca pubescens DC.

$


 Securidaca pubescens var. ovata DC.


Securidaca pubescens var. ovata DC. = Securidaca diversifolia var. diversifolia 

Reference: FP 670: 910; Oort, A. J. P., 1939: 421. 


$


 Securidaca pubescens var.pubescens



Securidaca pubescens var. pubescens 

Reference: Flora Peru: 670: 910; Oort, A. J. P., 1939: 422. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   The Flora of Peru includes in synonymy of S. diversifolia.  Oort (1939) lists this taxon as endemic to French Guiana. 


$


 Securidaca rivinaefolia St. Hilaire



Securidaca rivinaefolia St. Hilaire

$


 Securidaca rivinaefolia var.parvifolia A. W. Bennett



Securidaca rivinaefolia var. parvifolia A. W. Bennett

Synonyms: Securidaca rivinaefolia parvifolia Spruce ex A.W. Benn.
Reference: Flora Peru: 670: 913; Oort, A. J. P., 1939: 423. 
Ecology: Native liana, shrub, vine. Amazonian: disturbed areas, seasonally inundated areas, shrublands. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez et al. 492 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Securidaca rivinaefolia var. rivinaefolia


Securidaca rivinaefolia var. rivinaefolia = Securidaca volubilis L.

Reference: FP 670: 912; Wurdack, pers. comm.. 


$


 Securidaca rivinaefolia var. seorsa J.F. Macbr.


Securidaca rivinaefolia var. seorsa J.F. Macbr. = Securidaca volubilis L.

Reference: FP 670: 913; Wurdack, pers. comm.. 


$


 Securidaca volubilis L.



Securidaca volubilis L.

Synonyms: Securidaca volubilis, Securidaca volubilis J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 670: 913; Oort, A. J. P., 1939: 422. 
Ecology: Native liana, shrub, vine. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests, riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez et al. 3681 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Securidaca warmingiana Chodat



Securidaca warmingiana Chodat

Reference: Chodat, R., 1895: 544. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ayala et al. 3301 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Securinega congesta (Benth. ex M&uuml;ll. Arg.) M&uuml;ll. Arg.


Securinega congesta (Benth. ex M&uuml;ll. Arg.) M&uuml;ll. Arg. = Jablonskia congesta (Benth. ex M&uuml;ll. Arg.) G.L. Webster

Reference: FP 674: 48. 


$


 Sedum andinum Ball.


Sedum andinum Ball. = Villadia andina (Ball.) Baehni & J. F. Macbride

Reference: FP 626: 1010. 


$


 Sedum backebergii von Poellnitz



Sedum backebergii von Poellnitz

Reference: von Poellnitz, K., 1939: 95. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Sedum berillonanum Hamet


Sedum berillonanum Hamet = Villadia berillonana (Hamet) Baehni & J. F. Macbride

Reference: FP 626: 1010. 


$


 Sedum dyvrandae Hamet


Sedum dyvrandae Hamet = Villadia dyvrandae (Hamet) Baehni & J. F. Macbride

Reference: FP 626: 1011. 


$


 Sedum grandyi Hamet


Sedum grandyi Hamet = Villadia grandyi (Hamet) Baehni & J. F. Macbride

Reference: FP 626: 1011. 


$


 Sedum peruvianum A. Gray



Sedum peruvianum A. Gray

Reference: Gray, A., 1854: 691. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Sedum quitense Kunth


Sedum quitense Kunth = Echeveria quitensis (Kunth) Lindl.

Reference: Walther, E., 1972: 287. 


$


 Seemannia albescens (Rusby) Fritsch


Seemannia albescens (Rusby) Fritsch = Gloxinia sylvatica (Kunth) Wiehler

Reference: Wiehler, H., 1976: 388. 


$


 Seemannia benaryi Regel


Seemannia benaryi Regel = Gloxinia sylvatica (Kunth) Wiehler

Reference: Wiehler, H., 1976: 388. 


$


 Seemannia cuneata Rusby


Seemannia cuneata Rusby = Gloxinia sylvatica (Kunth) Wiehler

Reference: Wiehler, H., 1976: 388. 


$


 Seemannia dioica Rusby


Seemannia dioica Rusby = Gloxinia purpurascens (Rusby) Wiehler

Reference: Wiehler, H., 1976: 387. 


$


 Seemannia gymnostoma (Griseb.) Tourss.


Seemannia gymnostoma (Griseb.) Tourss. = Gloxinia gymnostoma Griseb.

Reference: Wiehler, H., 1976: 389. 


$


 Seemannia latifolia Fritsch


Seemannia latifolia Fritsch = Gloxinia sylvatica (Kunth) Wiehler

Reference: Wiehler, H., 1976: 388. 


$


 Seemannia longiflora Fritsch


Seemannia longiflora Fritsch = Gloxinia purpurascens (Rusby) Wiehler

Reference: Wiehler, H., 1976: 387. 


$


 Seemannia major Baill.


Seemannia major Baill. = Gloxinia sylvatica (Kunth) Wiehler

Reference: Wiehler, H., 1976: 388. 


$


 Seemannia purpurascens Rusby


Seemannia purpurascens Rusby = Gloxinia purpurascens (Rusby) Wiehler

Reference: Wiehler, H., 1976: 387. 


$


 Seemannia regnelliana Fritsch


Seemannia regnelliana Fritsch = Gloxinia sylvatica (Kunth) Wiehler

Reference: Wiehler, H., 1976: 388. 


$


 Seemannia sylvatica (Kunth) Hanst.


Seemannia sylvatica (Kunth) Hanst. = Gloxinia sylvatica (Kunth) Wiehler

Reference: Wiehler, H., 1976: 388. 


$


 Seemannia ternifolia Regel


Seemannia ternifolia Regel = Gloxinia sylvatica (Kunth) Wiehler

Reference: Wiehler, H., 1976: 388. 


$


 Seemannia uniflora Baill.


Seemannia uniflora Baill. = Gloxinia sylvatica (Kunth) Wiehler

Reference: Wiehler, H., 1976: 388. 


$


 Seguieria aculeata Jacq.



Seguieria aculeata Jacq.

Reference: Rohwer, J., 1982: 248. 
Ecology: Native liana, shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, riversides, seasonally inundated areas, terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez et al. 102 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Seguieria americana L.



Seguieria americana L.

Synonyms: Seguieria americana Benth., Seguieria americana Benth.
Reference: Nowicke, J. W., 1969: 325. 
Ecology: Native liana, shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 3774 (US)
Departments: Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Seguieria floribunda Benth.


Seguieria floribunda Benth. = Seguieria americana L.

Reference: Nowicke, J. W., 1969: 325; Rohwer, J., 1982: 246. 


$


 Seguieria foliosa Benth.


Seguieria foliosa Benth. = Seguieria americana L.

Reference: FP 1261: 557; Nowicke, J. W., 1969: 328; Rohwer, J., 1982: 246. 


$


 Seguieria macrophylla Benth.



Seguieria macrophylla Benth.

Synonyms: Seguieria macrophylla Bentham ex Walpers, nom. invalid
Reference: Flora Peru: 1261: 557; Nowicke, J. W., 1969: 329; Rohwer, J., 1982: 260. 
Ecology: Native liana, shrub. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Tunqui 516 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Selatium coccineum D. Don ex G. Don


Selatium coccineum D. Don ex G. Don = Gentianella coccinea (D. Don ex G. Don) Zarucchi

Reference: FP 1342: 315. 


$


 Selatium incurvum (Hook.) G. Don


Selatium incurvum (Hook.) G. Don = Gentianella incurva (Hook.) Fabris

Reference: FP 1342: 326; Fabris, H. A., 1958: 90. 


$


 Selatium multicaule D. Don ex G. Don


Selatium multicaule D. Don ex G. Don = Gentianella pavonii (Griseb.) Fabris

Reference: FP 1342: 334; Fabris, H. A., 1958: 89; Pringle, J. S., 1981: 283. 


$


 Selatium thyrsoideum (Hook.) D. Don ex G. Don


Selatium thyrsoideum (Hook.) D. Don ex G. Don = Gentianella thyrsoidea (Hook.) Fabris

Reference: FP 1342: 348; Fabris, H. A., 1958: 88. 


$


 Selenicereus megalanthus (Schumann ex Vaupel) Moran



Selenicereus megalanthus (Schumann ex Vaupel) Moran

Synonyms: Selenicereus megalanthus (Schumann ex Vaupel) Britton & Rose, Selenicereus megalanthus Schumann ex Vaupel
Reference: Moran, R., 1953: 325; Madsen, J. E., 1989: 71; Hunt, D., 1992: 130. 
Ecology: Native Epiphytic cactus. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Ule s.n. [in 1902]* (B)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Selenicereus wittii (K. Schum.) G.D. Rowley



Selenicereus wittii (K. Schum.) G.D. Rowley

Synonyms: Selenicereus wittii (K. Schum.) Britton & Rose, Selenicereus wittii K. Schum.
Reference: Rowley, G. D., 1986: 36; Hunt, D., 1992: 130. 
Ecology: Native Epiphytic cactus. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Croat 20404 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Selenipedium boissierianum Rchb. f.


Selenipedium boissierianum Rchb. f. = Phragmipedium boissierianum (Rchb. f.) Rolfe

Reference: FP 1438: 17; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Selenipedium caricinum (Lindl. & Paxton) Rchb. f.


Selenipedium caricinum (Lindl. & Paxton) Rchb. f. = Phragmipedium caricinum (Lindley & Paxton) Rolfe

Reference: FP 1438: 18; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Selenipedium caudatum (Lindl.) Rchb. f.


Selenipedium caudatum (Lindl.) Rchb. f. = Phragmipedium caudatum (Lindl.) Rolfe

Reference: FP 1438: 19; Garay, L. A., 1978: 15; Dodson, 1992. 


$


 Selenipedium chica Rchb. f.



Selenipedium chica Rchb. f.

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Selenipedium czerwiakowianum Rchb. f.


Selenipedium czerwiakowianum Rchb. f. = Phragmipedium czerwiakowianum (Reichenbach f.) Rolfe

Reference: FP 1438: 19; Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 152. 


$


 Selenipedium hartwegii (Rchb. f.) Rchb. f.


Selenipedium hartwegii (Rchb. f.) Rchb. f. = Phragmipedium longifolium (Rchb. f. & Warsz.) Rolfe

Reference: FP 1438: 21; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Note: NN  


$


 Selenipedium longifolium (Rchb. f. & Warsz.) Rchb. f. & Warsz.


Selenipedium longifolium (Rchb. f. & Warsz.) Rchb. f. & Warsz. = Phragmipedium longifolium (Rchb. f. & Warsz.) Rolfe

Reference: Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Note: NN  


$


 Selenipedium pearcei Rchb. f.


Selenipedium pearcei Rchb. f. = Phragmipedium pearcei (Rchb. f.) Rauh & Senghas

Reference: FP 1438: 18; Garay, L. A., 1978: 20; Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 153. 


$


 Selenipedium reticulatum Rchb. f.


Selenipedium reticulatum Rchb. f. = Phragmipedium reticulatum (Rchb. f.) Garay

Reference: Garay, L. A., 1978: 22; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Selenipedium wallisii Rchb. f.


Selenipedium wallisii Rchb. f. = Phragmipedium wallisii (Rchb. f.) Garay

Reference: Garay, L. A., 1978: 24; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Selenodesmium rigidum (Sw.) Copel.


Selenodesmium rigidum (Sw.) Copel. = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 85. 


$


 Selinum conium Krause


Selinum conium Krause = Conium maculatum L.

Reference: FP 1293: 38. 


$


 Selinum coriandrum Krause


Selinum coriandrum Krause = Coriandrum sativum L.

Reference: FP 1293: 40. 


$


 Selinum graveolens (L.) Krause


Selinum graveolens (L.) Krause = Apium graveolens L.

Reference: FP 1293: 9. 


$


 Selinum leptophyllum (Pers.) Krause ex Sturm


Selinum leptophyllum (Pers.) Krause ex Sturm = Ciclospermum leptophyllum var. leptophyllum 

Reference: FP 1293: 11; Constance, L., 1990: 277. 


$


 Selinum visnaga (L.) Krause


Selinum visnaga (L.) Krause = Ammi visnaga (L.) Lam.

Reference: FP 1293: 8. 


$


 Selysia prunifera (Poepp. & Endl.) Cogn.



Selysia prunifera (Poepp. & Endl.) Cogn.

Synonyms: Selysia prunifera Poepp. & Endl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1379: 381; Jeffrey, C., 1978: 367; Jeffrey, C., 1984: 515. 
Ecology: Native vine. Amazonian: forests, riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 2265* (W), N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 5941 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Selysia smithii (Standl.) C. Jeffrey



Selysia smithii (Standl.) C. Jeffrey

Synonyms: Selysia smithii Standl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1379: 380; Jeffrey, C., 1971: 235. 
Ecology: Native vine. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, riversides. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 29162* (US photo F), Berlin 1644 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto.


$


 Semarillaria acutangula Ruiz & Pav.


Semarillaria acutangula Ruiz & Pav. = Paullinia acutangula (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.

Reference: FP 1298: 330. 


$


 Semarillaria alata Ruiz & Pav.


Semarillaria alata Ruiz & Pav. = Paullinia alata (Ruiz & Pav.) G. Don

Reference: FP 1298: 330. 


$


 Semarillaria enneaphylla Ruiz & Pav.


Semarillaria enneaphylla Ruiz & Pav. = Paullinia enneaphylla (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) G. Don

Reference: FP 1298: 337. 


$


 Semarillaria nitida Ruiz & Pav.


Semarillaria nitida Ruiz & Pav. = Paullinia elegans subsp. neglecta (Radlkofer) D.R. Simpson

Reference: FP 1298: 347; Simpson, D. R., 1976: 143. 


$


 Semarillaria obovata Ruiz & Pav.


Semarillaria obovata Ruiz & Pav. = Paullinia obovata var. obovata 

Reference: FP 1298: 348. 


$


 Semarillaria subrotunda Ruiz & Pav.


Semarillaria subrotunda Ruiz & Pav. = Paullinia obovata var. subrotunda (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) D.R. Simpson

Reference: FP 1298: 357; Simpson, D. R., 1976: 153. 


$


 Semiramisia pulcherrima A.C. Sm.



Semiramisia pulcherrima A.C. Sm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 86. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Semiramisia speciosa (Benth.) Klotzsch



Semiramisia speciosa (Benth.) Klotzsch

Synonyms: Semiramisia speciosa Benth., Semiramisia speciosa Drake, Semiramisia speciosa Hoerold
Reference: Luteyn, J. L., 1984: 365. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb, shrub. Andean I-II: forests. 1000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 4455* (B photo F), Killip & Smith 25859 (NY)
Departments: Ayacucho, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Puno.


$


 Semiramisia weberbauerii Hoerold


Semiramisia weberbauerii Hoerold = Semiramisia speciosa (Benth.) Klotzsch

Reference: FP 1325: 86; Luteyn, J. L., 1984: 365. 


$


 Senecio abadianus DC.



Senecio abadianus DC.

Synonyms: Senecio abadianus Cabrera
Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1955: 194. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Coastal: lomas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 277* (LP), Pennell 14761 (MO)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Senecio aberrans Greenm.



Senecio aberrans Greenm.

Reference: Greenman, J. M., 1923: 73. 
Voucher: Pennell 3636 (NY)


$


 Senecio acarinus Cabrera



Senecio acarinus Cabrera

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1955: 210. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Coastal: lomas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 1560* (LP)
Departments: Arequipa.


$


 Senecio aclydiphyllus Cuatrec.


Senecio aclydiphyllus Cuatrec. = Pentacalia aclydiphylla (Cuatrec.) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1964: 149; Cuatrecasas, J., 1981: 252. 


$


 Senecio adenophllus var. angustifolius Wedd.


Senecio adenophllus var. angustifolius Wedd. = Senecio phylloleptus Cuatrec.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1955: 224; Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 161. 


$


 Senecio adenophylloides Sch. Bip.



Senecio adenophylloides Sch. Bip.

$


 Senecio adenophyllus Meyen & Walp.



Senecio adenophyllus Meyen & Walp.

Synonyms: Senecio adenophyllus Domke
Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 200. 
Ecology. 3000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Pennell 13303 (NY), Pennell 13303 (NY)
Departments: Ancash, Arequipa, Cuzco, Huancavelica, Lima, Puno.


$


 Senecio adenophyllus var. stipulata Domke


Senecio adenophyllus var. stipulata Domke = Senecio adenophyllus Meyen & Walp.

Reference: Domke, W., 1936: 246. 


$


 Senecio adscendens Bojer


Senecio adscendens Bojer = Senecio andinus Buek

Reference: Stearn, W. T., 1955: 66. 


$


 Senecio agapatensis Sch. Bip.


Senecio agapatensis Sch. Bip. = Senecio ayapatensis Sch. Bip.

$


 Senecio allapajanus Cuatrec.



Senecio allapajanus Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1956: 186. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 7189* (US)
Departments: Ayacucho.


$


 Senecio andinus Buek



Senecio andinus Buek

Synonyms: Senecio andinus Bojer, Senecio andinus Steud.
Reference: Stearn, W. T., 1955: 66. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Note: Not reconfirmed. Not found at Geneva by Stern.  


$


 Senecio antaicochensis Cuatrec.



Senecio antaicochensis Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1950: 67. 
Ecology. 4000-4500 m. 
Note: For alternative treatment, see Cabrera (1985). 
Voucher: Pennell 14687* (F), Duncan et al. 2740 (MO!)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Senecio antennaria Wedd.


Senecio antennaria Wedd. = Chersodoma antennaria (Wedd.) Cabrera

Reference: Rusby, H. H., 1907: 393; Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 214. 


$


 Senecio arachnolomus Wedd.



Senecio arachnolomus Wedd.

$


 Senecio arbutifolius Kunth


Senecio arbutifolius Kunth = Pentacalia arbutifolia (Kunth) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1981: 253. 


$


 Senecio areguipensis Cuatrec.


Senecio areguipensis Cuatrec. = Chersodoma arequipensis (Cuatrec.) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1950: 62. 


$


 Senecio arequipensis Cuatrec.


Senecio arequipensis Cuatrec. = ?  

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1950: 62. 


$


 Senecio argutidentatus Cuatrec.



Senecio argutidentatus Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1953: 281. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 2916a* (F)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Senecio arnaldii Cabrera



Senecio arnaldii Cabrera

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1955: 203. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Coastal: lomas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: L&oacute;pez 0383 (HUT)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Senecio asclepiadeus DC.


Senecio asclepiadeus DC. = Gynoxys longifolia Wedd.

$



$


 Senecio asplundii Cabrera


Senecio asplundii Cabrera = Pentacalia asplundii (Cabrera) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1954: 598. 


$


 Senecio attenuatus Sch. Bip. ex Rusby



Senecio attenuatus Sch. Bip. ex Rusby

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 156. 
Ecology. 3000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Rose & Rose 18808 (NY)
Departments: Ancash, Arequipa, Cuzco.


$


 Senecio axillifoliatus Cuatrec.



Senecio axillifoliatus Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1953: 283. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 2259* (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Senecio ayapatensis Sch. Bip.



Senecio ayapatensis Sch. Bip.

Synonyms: Senecio ayapatensis Sch. Bip.


$


 Senecio bacopoides Greenm. & Cuatrec.


Senecio bacopoides Greenm. & Cuatrec. = Pentacalia bacopoides (Greenm. & Cuatrec.) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1981: 253. 


$


 Senecio biacuminatus Rusby



Senecio biacuminatus Rusby

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 140. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Boeke & Boeke 3205 (NY)
Departments: Puno.


$


 Senecio bolivarianus Cuatrec.



Senecio bolivarianus Cuatrec.

Reference: Gal&aacute;n-Mera, A., 1989: 118. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean III: rocky slopes. 4000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Lloyd & Marshall 257* (US), Tovar et al. 1294 (MAF, USM)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Senecio boliviensis Sch. Bip.



Senecio boliviensis Sch. Bip.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 180. 
Ecology.  > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Lloyd & Marshall 257* (K), Tovar et al. 1294 (USM)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Senecio breviscapus DC.



Senecio breviscapus DC.

Synonyms: Senecio breviscapus Wedd.
Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 108. 
Ecology. 4000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Weddell 4404* (P), Hutchison et al. 5887 (F)
Departments: Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco.


$


 Senecio brittonianus Hieron.



Senecio brittonianus Hieron.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1954: 588; Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 100. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 4811* (K)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Senecio buxifolius Kunth


Senecio buxifolius Kunth = Gynoxys buxifolia (Kunth) Cass.

Reference: King, R. M. & H. Robinson, 1987: 504. 


$


 Senecio cajamarquillensis Cabrera



Senecio cajamarquillensis Cabrera

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1953: 39. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 1310* (MO!), Ferreyra 1312 (LP)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Senecio calachaquensis Cabrera



Senecio calachaquensis Cabrera

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1955: 227. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Cerrate 1886* (MO!)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Senecio calcensis Cabr. & Zard.



Senecio calcensis Cabr. & Zard.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L. & E. M. Zardini, 1975: 380. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Marin 607* (LP)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Senecio calcicola Meyen & Walp.



Senecio calcicola Meyen & Walp.

$


 Senecio callacallensis Cuatrec.



Senecio callacallensis Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1964: 151; Nordenstam, B., 1978: 53. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: bogs, shrublands. 2500-3500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Wurdack 1277* (US), Hutchison & Wright 5587 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Senecio calvus Cuatrec.



Senecio calvus Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1953: 275. 
Ecology. 4000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 7239* (F), Smith et al. 10319 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Senecio campanelliferus Cuatrec.



Senecio campanelliferus Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1960: 192. 
Ecology. 4000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Rauh & Hirsch P2086* (US), Smith & Buddenslek 10975 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Senecio campanulatus Schultz-Bip. ex Klatt


Senecio campanulatus Schultz-Bip. ex Klatt = Lasiocephalus campanulatus (Schultz-Bip. ex Klatt) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1978: 309. 


$


 Senecio campanulatus var. lanosissimus Cabrera


Senecio campanulatus var. lanosissimus Cabrera = Lasiocephalus campanulatus (Schultz-Bip. ex Klatt) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 115. 


$


 Senecio candollii Wedd.



Senecio candollii Wedd.

Synonyms: Senecio candollii (Meyen & Walp.) Cuatrec., Senecio candollii DC., Senecio candollii Meyen & Walp., Senecio candollii Wedd.
Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1966: 21; Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 112. 
Ecology. 3500- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Haenke s.n.* (PR), Macbride & Featherstone 868 (F)
Departments: Lima, Puno.


$


 Senecio canescens (H.B.K.) Cuatrec.



Senecio canescens (H.B.K.) Cuatrec.

$


 Senecio canescens var.canescens



Senecio canescens var. canescens 

Synonyms: Senecio canescens canescens Humb. & Bonpl., Senecio canescens canescens Kunth
Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1950: 36; Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 115. 
Ecology. 4000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Bonpland 3049 (frag. F)
Departments: Ancash, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, La Libertad.


$


 Senecio canescens var.monocephalus (Wedd.) Cuatrec.



Senecio canescens var. monocephalus (Wedd.) Cuatrec.

Synonyms: Senecio canescens var. monocephalus Wedd.
Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1950: 37. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Herrera 1094 (US)
Departments: Ancash, Jun&iacute;n, La Libertad.


$


 Senecio canopurpureus Cuatrec.



Senecio canopurpureus Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1950: 42. 
Ecology. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 22131* (US)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Senecio carpishensis Cuatrec.


Senecio carpishensis Cuatrec. = Pentacalia carpishensis (Cuatrec.) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1981: 244. 


$


 Senecio casapaltensis Ball



Senecio casapaltensis Ball

$


 Senecio cerratei Cabrera



Senecio cerratei Cabrera

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1955: 201. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Cerrate 1916* (LP)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Senecio chachaniensis Cuatrec.



Senecio chachaniensis Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1950: 44. 
Ecology. 3500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Pennell 13285* (US)
Departments: Arequipa.


$


 Senecio chachapoyensis Greenm.


Senecio chachapoyensis Greenm. = Pentacalia chachapoyensis (Greenm.) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1981: 245. 


$


 Senecio chavanilloensis Cuatrec.



Senecio chavanilloensis Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1953: 269; Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 175. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 1968* (US)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Lima.


$


 Senecio chiquianensis Cabrera



Senecio chiquianensis Cabrera

$


 Senecio chiquianensis var.chiquianensis



Senecio chiquianensis var. chiquianensis 

Reference: Herrera, B., 1980: 25. 
Ecology. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 7572 (F)
Departments: Ancash, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, La Libertad.


$


 Senecio chiquianensis var.dentatus Cabrera



Senecio chiquianensis var. dentatus Cabrera

Reference: Herrera, B., 1980: 29. 
Ecology. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 6201 (F)
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Senecio clivicolus var.clivicolus



Senecio clivicolus var. clivicolus 

Synonyms: Senecio clivicolus var. clivicolus Lingelsh.
Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 186. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Mexia 4259 (MO)
Departments: Puno.


$


 Senecio clivicolus Wedd.



Senecio clivicolus Wedd.

$


 Senecio collinus DC.



Senecio collinus DC.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1955: 207. 
Ecology. 3500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Haenke s.n.* (G photo F), Macbride & Featherstone 964 (F)
Departments: Ancash, Jun&iacute;n, Huancavelica, Lima, Puno.


$


 Senecio comosus Sch. Bip.



Senecio comosus Sch. Bip.

$


 Senecio comosus var.blancus Cuatrec.



Senecio comosus var. blancus Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1950: 63. 
Ecology. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 712* (US), Killip & Smith 21622 (US)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Senecio comosus var.comosus Cab.



Senecio comosus var. comosus Cab.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 116. 
Ecology. 3500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Lechler 2051* (P), Bang 1240 (MO)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Puno.


$


 Senecio comosus var.culcitioides (Schultz-Bip.) Cab.



Senecio comosus var. culcitioides (Schultz-Bip.) Cab.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 116. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Voucher: Lechler 2051a* (P), Asplund 4043 (US)
Departments: Ancash, Arequipa, Hu&aacute;nuco, Lima, Puno.


$


 Senecio comosus var.debilis Cuatrec.



Senecio comosus var. debilis Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1950: 63. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Soukup 2740* (US)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Senecio condimentarius Cabrera



Senecio condimentarius Cabrera

Synonyms: Senecio condimentarius A. Gray ex Wedd.
Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1954: 554. 
Ecology. 3500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Cerrate 1572* (LP), N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 3360 (LP)
Departments: Ancash, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Senecio cosnipatense Cabrera



Senecio cosnipatense Cabrera

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1955: 236. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 1179* (LP), Nunez 1451 (LP)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Senecio coymolachensis Cabrera



Senecio coymolachensis Cabrera

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1953: 39. 
Ecology. 3000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 3977* (MOL), Dillon & Turner 1638A (F)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Senecio crassilodix Cuatrec.



Senecio crassilodix Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1953: 280. 
Ecology. 4000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Schmidt s.n.* (F)
Departments: Arequipa.


$


 Senecio crepidifolius DC.



Senecio crepidifolius DC.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 176. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Senecio cuatrecasasii Cabrera



Senecio cuatrecasasii Cabrera

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1944: 194. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 4045* (LP)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Senecio culciklattii Cuatrec.



Senecio culciklattii Cuatrec.

Synonyms: Senecio culciklattii Klatt
Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1950: 43. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Voucher: Collector unknown s.n.* (W photo F)


$


 Senecio culcitioides Sch. Bip.



Senecio culcitioides Sch. Bip.

$


 Senecio cumingii Hook. & Arn.



Senecio cumingii Hook. & Arn.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1949: 391. 
Ecology. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 7313 (F)
Departments: Moquegua.


$


 Senecio curvidens Sch. Bip. ex Klatt



Senecio curvidens Sch. Bip. ex Klatt

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 136. 
Ecology. 1500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Lechler 2658* (B), Metcalf 30642 
Departments: Puno.


$


 Senecio cuzcoensis Cabrera


Senecio cuzcoensis Cabrera = Pentacalia oronocensis (DC.) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1944: 196. 


$


 Senecio danai A. Gray



Senecio danai A. Gray

$


 Senecio diclinus Wedd.


Senecio diclinus Wedd. = Chersodoma diclina (Wedd.) Cabrera

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 214. 


$


 Senecio diosmoides Turcz.


Senecio diosmoides Turcz. = Pentacalia peruviana (Pers.) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1959: 244. 


$


 Senecio diplostephioides Cuatrec.


Senecio diplostephioides Cuatrec. = Pentacalia diplostephioides (Cuatrec.) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1981: 254. 


$


 Senecio divisorius Cabrera


Senecio divisorius Cabrera = Pentacalia divisoria (Cabrera) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1981: 245. 


$


 Senecio dolichodoryius Cuatrec.



Senecio dolichodoryius Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1985: 623. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: disturbed areas, forests, swamps. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Wurdack 1306* (US), Dillon & Turner 1734 (F!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Senecio dryophyllus Meyen & Walp.



Senecio dryophyllus Meyen & Walp.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 160. 
Ecology. 3000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Meyen 1831* (MO), Werdermann 1145 (S)
Departments: Tacna.


$


 Senecio eggersii Hieron.


Senecio eggersii Hieron. = Pseudogynoxys scabra (Benth.) Cuatrec.

Reference: Robinson, H. & J. Cuatrecasas, 1977: 187. 


$


 Senecio elatus Kunth


Senecio elatus Kunth = Senecio usgorensis Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1954: 244. 


$


 Senecio ellenbergii Cuatrec.



Senecio ellenbergii Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1960: 187. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Ellenberg 1868* (U)
Departments: Pasco.


$


 Senecio emmae Cabrera



Senecio emmae Cabrera

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1953: 41. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Cerrate 1423* (LP)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca.


$


 Senecio empetroides Cuatrec.


Senecio empetroides Cuatrec. = Pentacalia empetroides (Cuatrec.) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1981: 254. 


$


 Senecio engleri Hieron.


Senecio engleri Hieron. = Pseudogynoxys engleri (Hieron.) H. Rob. & Cuatrec.

Reference: Robinson, H. & J. Cuatrecasas, 1977: 186. 


$


 Senecio epiphyticus Kuntze


Senecio epiphyticus Kuntze = Pentacalia epiphytica (Kuntze) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1954: 584; Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 96. 


$


 Senecio ericaefolius Benth.


Senecio ericaefolius Benth. = Pentacalia peruviana (Pers.) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1959: 244. 


$


 Senecio eriocladus Wedd.



Senecio eriocladus Wedd.

$


 Senecio erosus Wedd.



Senecio erosus Wedd.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 119. 
Ecology. 3500-4500 m. 
Note: For alternative treatment, see Cabrera (1985: 119).  
Voucher: King et al. 195 (F)
Departments: Arequipa, Cuzco.


$


 Senecio evacoides Sch. Bip.



Senecio evacoides Sch. Bip.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 206. 
Ecology. 4000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Lechler 1492* , Dillon et al. 1077 (F)
Departments: Arequipa, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Pasco, Puno.


$


 Senecio featherstonii Cuatrec.



Senecio featherstonii Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1950: 41. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: grasslands. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 1903* (US)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Senecio ferreyrae Cabrera



Senecio ferreyrae Cabrera

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1955: 220. 
Ecology. 2500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 5765* (LP), Macbride 4390 (MO)
Departments: Ancash, Hu&aacute;nuco, Huancavelica.


$


 Senecio filicalyculatus Cuatrec.


Senecio filicalyculatus Cuatrec. = Pseudogynoxys filicalyculata (Cuatrec.) Cuatrec.

Reference: Robinson, H. & J. Cuatrecasas, 1977: 186. 


$


 Senecio flaccidifolius Wedd.



Senecio flaccidifolius Wedd.

$


 Senecio floccoso-araneosus Steud.


Senecio floccoso-araneosus Steud. = Senecio andinus Buek

Reference: Stearn, W. T., 1955: 66. 


$



$


 Senecio fortunatus Cuatrec.



Senecio fortunatus Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1950: 47. 
Ecology. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Herrera 2096* (US), Herrera 2983 
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Senecio gamolepis Cabrera



Senecio gamolepis Cabrera

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1955: 222. 
Ecology. 4000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Asplund 11418* (S), Asplund 11820 (S)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Lima.


$


 Senecio geniculipes Cuatrec.



Senecio geniculipes Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1953: 270. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 6550* (F)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Senecio genisianus Cuatrec.



Senecio genisianus Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1953: 293. 
Ecology.  > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 835* (F)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Senecio glacialis (Meyen & Walp.) Cuatrec.


Senecio glacialis (Meyen & Walp.) Cuatrec. = Senecio candollii Wedd.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 113. 


$


 Senecio goodspeedii Cuatrec.



Senecio goodspeedii Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1950: 46. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Tuesta & Woytkowski 34097* (F), Tuesta & Woytkowski 34096 
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Senecio gracilipes A. Gray



Senecio gracilipes A. Gray

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1950: 82. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Wilkes Exped. s.n.* (US), Pennell 14521 (F)
Departments: Ancash, Lima.


$


 Senecio haenkeanus Cuatrec.



Senecio haenkeanus Cuatrec.

Synonyms: Senecio haenkeanus Wedd.
Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1950: 44. 
Ecology. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Haenke s.n.* (P), Macbride & Featherstone 830 (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Lima.


$


 Senecio hastatifolius Cabrera



Senecio hastatifolius Cabrera

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 163. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Marin 2037* (LP), Reichlen 166 (P)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, Cuzco.


$


 Senecio hebetatus Wedd.



Senecio hebetatus Wedd.

$


 Senecio herrerae Cabrera



Senecio herrerae Cabrera

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1944: 199; Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 148. 
Ecology. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Herrera 3567* (LP), Vargas 1504 (LP)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cuzco.


$


 Senecio hieracifolius L.


Senecio hieracifolius L. = Erechtites hieraciifolia (L.) Raf. ex DC.

$


 Senecio hohenackeri Sch. Bip.



Senecio hohenackeri Sch. Bip.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 198. 
Ecology. 3000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Lechler 1905* (P), Weberbauer 698a (F)
Departments: Cuzco, Lima.


$


 Senecio huaguilicus Cabr. & Zard.



Senecio huaguilicus Cabr. & Zard.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L. & E. M. Zardini, 1975: 381. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: L&oacute;pez & Sag&aacute;stegui 2732* (LP)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Senecio huallaganus Cuatrec.


Senecio huallaganus Cuatrec. = Pentacalia huallagana (Cuatrec.) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1981: 247. 


$


 Senecio huamaliensis Cabrera


Senecio huamaliensis Cabrera = Pentacalia huamaliensis (Cabrera) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1981: 247. 


$


 Senecio huanuconus Cuatrec.


Senecio huanuconus Cuatrec. = Gynoxys huanucona (Cuatrec.) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1955: 158. 


$


 Senecio huanuconus var.ilicifolius Cuatrec.



Senecio huanuconus var. ilicifolius Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1950: 45. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. . 
Note: Transfer as a variety of Gynoxys huanucona (Cuatrecasas) Cuatrecasas has not yet been made (Dillon ined.). 
Voucher: Woytkowski 34306 (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Senecio huasensis Cuatrec.



Senecio huasensis Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1956: 187. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Dombey s.n. (P), Ferreyra 7005 (US)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Senecio humillimus Sch. Bip.



Senecio humillimus Sch. Bip.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 205. 
Ecology. 3500- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Lechler 1924* (P), Dillon & Turner 1480 (F)
Departments: Arequipa, Jun&iacute;n, Puno, Tacna.


$


 Senecio humillimus var. vegetus Wedd.


Senecio humillimus var. vegetus Wedd. = Senecio vegetus (Wedd.) Cabrera

$


 Senecio hygrophilus Cuatrec.



Senecio hygrophilus Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1953: 274. 
Ecology. 3000-4000 m. 
Note: For alternative treatment, see Cabrera (1985: 125). 
Voucher: Metcalf 30755* (US)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Senecio hyoseridifolius Wedd.



Senecio hyoseridifolius Wedd.

$


 Senecio hypsiandinus Cuatrec.



Senecio hypsiandinus Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1960: 189. 
Ecology.  > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Rauh & Hirsch P2067* (NY), Rauh & Hirsch P1891 (NY)
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Senecio incaicus Cuatrec.


Senecio incaicus Cuatrec. = Senecio infernalis Cabrera

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1950: 43. 


$


 Senecio infernalis Cabrera



Senecio infernalis Cabrera

Synonyms: Senecio infernalis Cuatrec.
Reference: Herrera, B., 1980: 26. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 7007* (F)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Senecio infiernillensis Cuatrec.



Senecio infiernillensis Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1956: 187. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreryra 7005* (US)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Senecio involucratus (Kunth) DC.


Senecio involucratus (Kunth) DC. = Lasiocephalus involucratus (Kunth) Cuatrec.

Reference: Nordenstam, B., 1978: 54. 


$



$


 Senecio isernii Cuatrec.


Senecio isernii Cuatrec. = Senecio juanisernii Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1960: 183. 
Note: nom. illeg.  


$


 Senecio ishcaivilcanus Cuatrec.



Senecio ishcaivilcanus Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1960: 188. 
Ecology. 3500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Ellenberg 1954* (U), S&aacute;nchez 793 (F)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Senecio jalcanus Cuatrec.


Senecio jalcanus Cuatrec. = Pentacalia jalcana (Cuatrec.) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1964: 152; Cuatrecasas, J., 1981: 247. 


$


 Senecio jamesonii Spruce ex Klatt


Senecio jamesonii Spruce ex Klatt = Pseudogynoxys sonchoides (Kunth) Cuatrec.

Reference: Robinson, H. & J. Cuatrecasas, 1977: 189. 


$


 Senecio jarae Phil.



Senecio jarae Phil.

$


 Senecio jelskii Hieron.


Senecio jelskii Hieron. = Pentacalia jelskii (Hieron.) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1981: 249. 


$


 Senecio jodopappus Sch. Bip.


Senecio jodopappus Sch. Bip. = Chersodoma jodopappa (Sch. Bip.) Cabrera

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1946: 350. 


$


 Senecio juanisernii Cuatrec.


Senecio juanisernii Cuatrec. = Chersodoma juanisernii (Cuatrec.) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1960: 183. 


$


 Senecio jungioides Cabrera



Senecio jungioides Cabrera

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1954: 558. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: L&oacute;pez 633* (HUT), Sag&aacute;stegui et al. 7984 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, La Libertad.


$


 Senecio jussieui Klatt


Senecio jussieui Klatt = Pseudogynoxys cordifolia (Cass.) Cabrera

Reference: Robinson, H. & J. Cuatrecasas, 1977: 185. 


$


 Senecio kingbishopii Cuatrec.



Senecio kingbishopii Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1985: 625. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: disturbed areas. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: King & Bishop 9144* (F!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Senecio klattii Greenm.



Senecio klattii Greenm.

Synonyms: Senecio klattii Klatt
Reference: Greenman, J. M., 1914: 281. 
Ecology. 3500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Besser s.n.* (B), Smith et al. 12335* (F)
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Senecio klugii Greenm.


Senecio klugii Greenm. = Pentacalia reflexa (Kunth) Cuatrec.

Reference: Greenman, J. M., 1938: 806. 


$


 Senecio laciniatus Kunth


Senecio laciniatus Kunth = Dorobaea pimpinellifolia (Kunth) B. Nord.

Reference: Nordenstam, B., 1978: 53. 


$


 Senecio lancidentatus Cuatrec.



Senecio lancidentatus Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1950: 58. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride and Featherstone 1826* (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Senecio laricifolius Kunth



Senecio laricifolius Kunth

Synonyms: Senecio laricifolius Hieron.


$


 Senecio leucophorbius Cuatrec.



Senecio leucophorbius Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1950: 39. 
Ecology. 4000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 7241* (F)
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Senecio llewelynii Cuatrec.



Senecio llewelynii Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1950: 39. 
Ecology. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Williams 7589* (F)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Senecio loeseneri Hieron.


Senecio loeseneri Hieron. = Lasiocephalus loesneri (Hieron.) Cuatrec.

Reference: Greenman, J. M., 1938: 806. 


$


 Senecio lomincola Cabrera



Senecio lomincola Cabrera

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1955: 195. 
Ecology. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 2247* (LP), Ferreyra 8043 (USM)
Departments: Ancash, Arequipa, Lima.


$


 Senecio longistylus Greenm. & Cuatrec.


Senecio longistylus Greenm. & Cuatrec. = Gynoxys longistyla (Greenm. & Cuatrec.) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1953: 292. 


$


 Senecio lopez-mirandae Cabrera



Senecio lopez-mirandae Cabrera

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1953: 43. 
Ecology. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: L&oacute;pez 0461* (HUT, LP), Weberbauer 6602 (F)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Senecio loretensis Cuatrec.


Senecio loretensis Cuatrec. = Pentacalia loretensis (Cuatrec.) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1981: 248. 


$


 Senecio lucidissimus Cuatrec.


Senecio lucidissimus Cuatrec. = Pentacalia lucidissima (Cuatrec.) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1981: 248. 


$


 Senecio macbridei Greenm.


Senecio macbridei Greenm. = Pentacalia reflexa (Kunth) Cuatrec.

Reference: Greenman, J. M., 1938: 808. 


$


 Senecio macrorrhizus Wedd.



Senecio macrorrhizus Wedd.

$


 Senecio mandonianus Wedd.


Senecio mandonianus Wedd. = Senecio candollii Wedd.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 112. 


$


 Senecio marinii Cabrera


Senecio marinii Cabrera = Pentacalia marinii (Cabrera) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1981: 248. 


$


 Senecio mathewsii Wedd.



Senecio mathewsii Wedd.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1955: 218. 
Ecology. 3000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Gay s.n.* (P photo F), Vargas 8352 (LP)
Departments: Ancash, Cuzco.


$


 Senecio megaphlebius Greenm. & Cuatrec.


Senecio megaphlebius Greenm. & Cuatrec. = Pentacalia megaphlebia (Greenm. & Cuatrec.) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1981: 248. 


$


 Senecio melanocalyx Cuatrec.



Senecio melanocalyx Cuatrec.

Synonyms: Senecio melanocalyx Cuatrec.
Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1955: 218. 
Ecology. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 1766 (F)
Departments: Ancash, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Huancavelica.


$


 Senecio melanocalyx fo. discoideus Cuatrec.


Senecio melanocalyx fo. discoideus Cuatrec. = Senecio melanocalyx Cuatrec.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1955: 218. 


$


 Senecio melanolepis DC.



Senecio melanolepis DC.

Synonyms: Senecio melanolepis D.C.
Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1955: 218. 
Ecology. 3500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Haenke s.n.* (P), Ferreyra 4110 (LP)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Pasco.


$


 Senecio melanolepis var. medius D.C.


Senecio melanolepis var. medius D.C. = Senecio melanolepis DC.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1955: 218. 


$


 Senecio mikaniaefolius (D.C.) Schultz-Bip


Senecio mikaniaefolius (D.C.) Schultz-Bip = Paracalia jungioides (Hook. & Arn.) Cuatrec.

$


 Senecio minesinus Cuatrec.



Senecio minesinus Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1950: 69. 
Ecology. 3000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 2470* (US), Macbride & Featherstone 2169 (US)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Senecio miniauritus Sagast. & Dillon



Senecio miniauritus Sagast. & Dillon

Reference: Sag&aacute;stegui-Alva, A. & M. O. Dillon, 1985: 11. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Dillon & Turner 1732* (F), Barbour 3410 (MO)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Senecio mitonis Cuatrec.



Senecio mitonis Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1950: 40. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: grasslands. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 1807* (US)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Senecio modestus Wedd.



Senecio modestus Wedd.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 114. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Weddell 4745* (P), Macbride & Featherstone 610 (F)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Senecio mollendoensis Cabrera



Senecio mollendoensis Cabrera

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1962: 35. 
Ecology: Endemic herb, subshrub. . 
Voucher: Williams 2529* (K), Cuming 944 (K)
Departments: Arequipa.


$


 Senecio morrensis Hieron.


Senecio morrensis Hieron. = Senecio laricifolius Kunth

$


 Senecio neeanus Cuatrec.



Senecio neeanus Cuatrec.

Synonyms: Senecio neeanus Schultz-Bip
Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1950: 44; Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 14. 
Ecology.  > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Haenke s.n.* (P), Herrera 2185 (F)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Senecio neoglandulosus Cuatrec.



Senecio neoglandulosus Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1950: 44. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: grasslands. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 1597* (US)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Senecio neoviscosus Cuatrec.



Senecio neoviscosus Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1953: 271. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 7466* (F)
Departments: Moquegua.


$


 Senecio neovolubilis Cuatrec.


Senecio neovolubilis Cuatrec. = Pseudogynoxys scabra (Benth.) Cuatrec.

Reference: Robinson, H. & J. Cuatrecasas, 1977: 187. 


$


 Senecio nivalis (H.B.K.) Cuatrec.



Senecio nivalis (H.B.K.) Cuatrec.

Synonyms: Senecio nivalis Kunth
Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1950: 44. 
Ecology.  > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Smith et al. 11762 (MO)
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Senecio nutans Sch. Bip.



Senecio nutans Sch. Bip.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 192. 
Ecology. 3000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Lechler 1747* (P), Pennell 13297 (MO)
Departments: Ancash, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Lima, Puno, Tacna.


$


 Senecio ochoanus Cuatrec.



Senecio ochoanus Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1956: 188. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Ochoa 478* (US)
Departments: Pasco.


$


 Senecio octophyllus Sch. Bip. ex Rusby



Senecio octophyllus Sch. Bip. ex Rusby

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 196. 
Ecology. 4000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Pennell 13296 (F)
Departments: Arequipa.


$


 Senecio okopanus Cabrera



Senecio okopanus Cabrera

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1962: 36. 
Ecology. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Ferrerya 11975* (LP), Ferrerya 11466 (LP)
Departments: Arequipa.


$


 Senecio oronocensis DC.


Senecio oronocensis DC. = Pentacalia oronocensis (DC.) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 102. 


$


 Senecio otuscensis Cabrera



Senecio otuscensis Cabrera

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1953: 43. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: L&oacute;pez 0481* (HUT, LP)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Senecio ovopedatus Cuatrec.


Senecio ovopedatus Cuatrec. = Chersodoma ovopedata (Cuatrec.) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1953: 290. 


$


 Senecio pampae var. penicillatus Lingelsh.


Senecio pampae var. penicillatus Lingelsh. = Senecio clivicolus var. clivicolus 

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 186. 


$


 Senecio panticallensis Cabrera



Senecio panticallensis Cabrera

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1947: 157; Cabrera, A. L., 1954: 581. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 4406* (LP), Marin 2250 (F)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Cuzco.


$


 Senecio parvocapitatus Cabrera



Senecio parvocapitatus Cabrera

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1955: 212. 
Ecology. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 8279* (LP), Davis et al. 1354 (F)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Senecio patens (Kunth) DC.


Senecio patens (Kunth) DC. = Lasiocephalus patens (Kunth) Cuatrec.

Reference: Nordenstam, B., 1978: 44. 


$


 Senecio pavonii Wedd.



Senecio pavonii Wedd.

Synonyms: Senecio pavonii Wedd.
Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1950: 44. 
Voucher: Pav&oacute;n s.n.* 


$


 Senecio pellitus A. Gray



Senecio pellitus A. Gray

$


 Senecio pensilis Greenm.



Senecio pensilis Greenm.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 148. 
Ecology.  > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 796 (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Lima.


$


 Senecio pentlandianus DC.



Senecio pentlandianus DC.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 163. 
Ecology. 3500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Haenke sn.* (P), Macbride & Featherstone 1125 (F)
Departments: Arequipa, Cuzco, Lima, Pasco, Puno.


$


 Senecio peruensis Cuatrec.



Senecio peruensis Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1953: 284. 
Ecology. 2500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Pennell 14132* (F), Vargas 10078 (F)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Senecio peruvianus Pers.


Senecio peruvianus Pers. = Pentacalia peruviana (Pers.) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1959: 233. 


$


 Senecio petiolincrassatus Cabr. & Zard.



Senecio petiolincrassatus Cabr. & Zard.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L. & E. M. Zardini, 1975: 383. 
Ecology. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 8518* (LP), Sag&aacute;stegui 7493 (LP)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$



$


 Senecio phylloleptus Cuatrec.



Senecio phylloleptus Cuatrec.

Synonyms: Senecio phylloleptus Wedd., Senecio phylloleptus Wedd.
Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1955: 224. 
Ecology. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Pennell 13239* (MO), Beetle 22103 (MO)
Departments: Arequipa, Tacna.


$


 Senecio pichinchensis Greenm.


Senecio pichinchensis Greenm. = ?  

$


 Senecio pickeringii A. Gray



Senecio pickeringii A. Gray

$


 Senecio pimpinellifolius Kunth


Senecio pimpinellifolius Kunth = Dorobaea pimpinellifolia (Kunth) B. Nord.

Reference: Nordenstam, B., 1978: 53. 


$


 Senecio pinnatilobatus Sch. Bip.



Senecio pinnatilobatus Sch. Bip.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 213. 
Ecology. 4000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Lechler 1774a* (P), Stafford 768 (F)
Departments: Cuzco, Puno.


$


 Senecio pinnatus var. divaricoides Cuatrec.


Senecio pinnatus var. divaricoides Cuatrec. = Senecio theresiae O. Hoffmann

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1944: 204. 


$


 Senecio piurensis Sagast. & Zard.



Senecio piurensis Sagast. & Zard.

Reference: Sag&aacute;stegui-Alva, A. & E. M. Zardini, 1982: 313. 
Ecology. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui & Cabinillas 8580* (HUT)
Departments: Piura.


$


 Senecio pleniauritus Cuatrec.



Senecio pleniauritus Cuatrec.

Synonyms: Senecio pleniauritus Cuatrec.
Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1964: 154. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: forests. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Wurdack 1669* (US)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Senecio polyphyllus Kuntze ex DC.



Senecio polyphyllus Kuntze ex DC.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1949: 191. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. . 
Voucher: Gay s.n.* (P), Weberbauer 7466 (MO)
Departments: Moquegua.


$


 Senecio pomacochanus Cuatrec.


Senecio pomacochanus Cuatrec. = Pentacalia pomacochana (Cuatrec.) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1981: 249. 


$


 Senecio pomacochanus fo. arachnoideus Cuatrec.


Senecio pomacochanus fo. arachnoideus Cuatrec. = Pentacalia pomacochana (Cuatrec.) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1964: 150. 


$


 Senecio poyasensis Cuatrec.



Senecio poyasensis Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1956: 188. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Mathews 1838* (K)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Senecio pulchrifolius Cabrera


Senecio pulchrifolius Cabrera = Senecio abadianus DC.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1955: 194. 


$


 Senecio pulviniformis Hieron.



Senecio pulviniformis Hieron.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1949: 218. 
Ecology. 4000-4500 m. 
Note: For alternative treatment, see Cabrera (1985: 205). 
Voucher: Pennell 13344 (F)
Departments: Arequipa, Tacna.


$


 Senecio punasessilis Cuatrec.



Senecio punasessilis Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1950: 65. 
Ecology. 4000-4500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Tuesta & Woytkowski 34270* (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Senecio purpurivenosa Cuatrec.


Senecio purpurivenosa Cuatrec. = Pentacalia purpurivenosa (Cuatrec.) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1981: 249. 


$


 Senecio purpurivenosus Cuatrec.


Senecio purpurivenosus Cuatrec. = ?  

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1981: 249. 


$


 Senecio pyrenophilus Cuatrec.



Senecio pyrenophilus Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1953: 266. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Pennell 14618* (F), Pennell 14688 (F)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Senecio radiatus Cuatrec.



Senecio radiatus Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1960: 187. 
Ecology. 3500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Ellenberg 1975* (U)
Departments: Amazonas, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Senecio ramonii Cuatrec.


Senecio ramonii Cuatrec. = Pentacalia oronocensis (DC.) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1981: 248. 


$


 Senecio rauhii Cuatrec.



Senecio rauhii Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1960: 191. 
Ecology. 4000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Rauh & Hirsch P1865* (NY)
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Senecio rauranus Cuatrec.



Senecio rauranus Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1960: 190. 
Ecology.  > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Rauh & Hirsch P1900* (NY)
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Senecio reflexa Kunth


Senecio reflexa Kunth = Pentacalia reflexa (Kunth) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1981: 258. 


$


 Senecio repens DC.



Senecio repens DC.

$


 Senecio repens var.macbridei (Cuatrec.) Cabrera



Senecio repens var. macbridei (Cuatrec.) Cabrera

Synonyms: Senecio repens macbridei Cuatrec.
Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1955: 226. 
Ecology. 3500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 1092* (F), Tovar 838 (LP)
Departments: Ancash, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco.


$


 Senecio repens var.rhizocephalus (Turcz.) Cabrera



Senecio repens var. rhizocephalus (Turcz.) Cabrera

Synonyms: Senecio repens rhizocephalus Turcz.
Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1955: 226. 
Ecology. 3500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 1092 (F)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Senecio rhizocephalus A. Gray ex Wedd.


Senecio rhizocephalus A. Gray ex Wedd. = Senecio condimentarius Cabrera

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1955: 226. 


$


 Senecio rhizocephalus Turcz.


Senecio rhizocephalus Turcz. = Senecio repens var. rhizocephalus (Turcz.) Cabrera

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1955: 226. 


$


 Senecio richii A. Gray



Senecio richii A. Gray

$


 Senecio richii var.latior Greenm.



Senecio richii var. latior Greenm.

Reference: Greenman, J. M., 1938: 817. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Wilkes Exped. s.n.* (US), Pennell 14578 (F)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Senecio richii var.richii



Senecio richii var. richii 

Reference: Greenman, J. M., 1938: 817; Cabrera, A. L., 1950: 98. 
Ecology. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Wilkes Explo. Exped. s.n.* (US), Pennell 14578 (F)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Senecio roseus Klatt


Senecio roseus Klatt = Senecio klattii Greenm.

$


 Senecio rudbeckiaefolius Meyen & Walp.



Senecio rudbeckiaefolius Meyen & Walp.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1944: 213; Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 172. 
Ecology. 500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Meyen 1833* (B photo F), Dillon et al. 1065 (F)
Departments: Arequipa, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Puno, Tacna.


$


 Senecio rufohirsutus Cabrera


Senecio rufohirsutus Cabrera = Pentacalia rufohirsuta (Cabrera) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1981: 249. 


$


 Senecio sandemanni Cuatrec.



Senecio sandemanni Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1956: 189. 
Ecology. 2500-3500 m. 
Note: For alternative treatment, see Cabrera (1985: 136). 
Voucher: Saandeman 4561* (K)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Senecio satipoensis Cuatrec.



Senecio satipoensis Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1960: 191. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Ochoa 1996* (US)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Senecio saxicolus Wedd.



Senecio saxicolus Wedd.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1949: 397. 
Ecology. 3500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Weddell s.n.* (P)
Departments: Tacna.


$


 Senecio saxipunae Cuatrec.



Senecio saxipunae Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1950: 69. 
Ecology. 3500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 587* (F), Pennell 13743 (F)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Senecio scorzoneraefolius Meyen & Walp.



Senecio scorzoneraefolius Meyen & Walp.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 202. 
Ecology. 3500- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Meyen s.n.* (B photo F), Smith et al. 9001 (F)
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Senecio scrobicarioides DC.



Senecio scrobicarioides DC.

$


 Senecio semidentatus var. klugii (Greenm.) Cuatrec.


Senecio semidentatus var. klugii (Greenm.) Cuatrec. = Pentacalia reflexa (Kunth) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1981: 258. 


$


 Senecio serratifolium (Meyen & Walp.) Cuatrec.



Senecio serratifolium (Meyen & Walp.) Cuatrec.

Synonyms: Senecio serratifolium Meyen & Walp.
Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1950: 45; Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 120. 
Ecology. 4000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Smith et al. 10819 (MO)
Departments: Ancash, Cuzco, Lima.


$


 Senecio sinclairii (Benth.) Hieron.


Senecio sinclairii (Benth.) Hieron. = Pseudogynoxys sonchoides (Kunth) Cuatrec.

Reference: Robinson, H. & J. Cuatrecasas, 1977: 189. 


$


 Senecio sipoccruncus Cabr. & Zard.



Senecio sipoccruncus Cabr. & Zard.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L. & E. M. Zardini, 1975: 386. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Cerrate & Vilcapoma 5894* (LP)
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Senecio smithianus Cabrera



Senecio smithianus Cabrera

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1950: 104. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Coastal: lomas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Velarde 527* (LP), Dillon 3830 (F)
Departments: Arequipa.


$


 Senecio socialis Wedd.



Senecio socialis Wedd.

$


 Senecio sonchoides Kunth


Senecio sonchoides Kunth = Pseudogynoxys sonchoides (Kunth) Cuatrec.

Reference: Robinson, H. & J. Cuatrecasas, 1977: 189. 


$


 Senecio soukupii Cuatrec.



Senecio soukupii Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1950: 64. 
Ecology. 3000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Soukup 710* (F), Macbride & Featherstone 861 (US)
Departments: Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Senecio spinosus DC.



Senecio spinosus DC.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 191. 
Ecology. 3000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Ne&eacute; 1813* (G), Macbride & Featherstone 793 (F)
Departments: Ancash, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Pasco, Puno.


$


 Senecio sprucei Klatt


Senecio sprucei Klatt = Pseudogynoxys poeppigii (DC.) H. Rob. & Cuatrec.

$


 Senecio stellatopilosus Greenm. & Cuatrec.


Senecio stellatopilosus Greenm. & Cuatrec. = Aequatorium stellatopilosum (Greenman & Cuatrecasas ex Cuatrecasas) Jeffrey

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1953: 264. 


$


 Senecio sternbergianus DC.



Senecio sternbergianus DC.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 176. 


$


 Senecio storkii Cuatrec.



Senecio storkii Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1954: 244. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Stork & Horton 10052* (F)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Senecio subcandidus A. Gray



Senecio subcandidus A. Gray

$


 Senecio subcandidus var.minor A. Gray



Senecio subcandidus var. minor A. Gray

$


 Senecio subcandidus var.subcandidus



Senecio subcandidus var. subcandidus 

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 Senecio subculcitioides Cuatrec.



Senecio subculcitioides Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1950: 66. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Voucher: Wilkes Exped. s.n.* (US)


$


 Senecio subdecurrens Sch. Bip.



Senecio subdecurrens Sch. Bip.

$


 Senecio sublutescens Cuatrec.



Senecio sublutescens Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1950: 68. 
Ecology. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 586* (US)
Departments: Ancash, Lima.


$


 Senecio submultinervis Cuatrec.



Senecio submultinervis Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1953: 262; Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 136. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 2880* (NY), Vargas 4443 (LP)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Senecio sulinicus Cabrera



Senecio sulinicus Cabrera

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1953: 45. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Cerrate 1425* (LP)
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Senecio szyszylowiczii Hieron.



Senecio szyszylowiczii Hieron.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1954: 561. 
Ecology. 1500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Jelski 798* (B photo F), Sag&aacute;stegui et al. 10812 (F)
Departments: Cajamarca, La Libertad.


$


 Senecio tacorensis Cabrera



Senecio tacorensis Cabrera

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1962: 38. 
Ecology: Native shrub. . 
Voucher: Pearce s.n.* (K)
Departments: Tacna.


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 Senecio tarapotensis Cabrera


Senecio tarapotensis Cabrera = Pentacalia tarapotensis (Cabrera) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1962: 589. 


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 Senecio tenuisagittatus Cuatrec.



Senecio tenuisagittatus Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1953: 277. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 1806* (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Senecio tephrosioides Turcz.



Senecio tephrosioides Turcz.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 125. 
Ecology. 3000-4500 m. 
Note: Probably synonymous with #S. punasessilis (Cuatrecasas, 1951a: 65). 
Voucher: Peyton & Peyton 923 (F)
Departments: Ancash, Cuzco, Piura, Puno.


$


 Senecio tergopurpurens Cuatrec.



Senecio tergopurpurens Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1953: 263; Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 131. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: West 6457* (GH)
Departments: Cuzco.


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 Senecio theresiae O. Hoffmann



Senecio theresiae O. Hoffmann

Synonyms: Senecio theresiae Cuatrec.
Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1944: 204. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. . 
Voucher: Bayern s.n.* (BD), Weberbauer 48 (BD photo F)
Departments: Lima.


$



$


 Senecio timidus Cuatrec.



Senecio timidus Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1950: 66. 
Ecology.  > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 22040* (F)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Senecio tingoensis Cabr. & Zard.



Senecio tingoensis Cabr. & Zard.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L. & E. M. Zardini, 1975: 387. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: L&oacute;pez & Sag&aacute;stegui 3531* (LP)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, La Libertad.


$


 Senecio torrehuasensis Cuatrec.



Senecio torrehuasensis Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1953: 267. 
Ecology. 4000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 34304* (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Senecio tovarii Cabrera



Senecio tovarii Cabrera

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1955: 198. 
Ecology. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 6056* (LP), Goodspeed 33112 (MO)
Departments: Ayacucho, Lima.


$


 Senecio tridentatus DC.



Senecio tridentatus DC.

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 Senecio trifurcifolius Hieron.



Senecio trifurcifolius Hieron.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 210. 
Ecology. 4000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Stubel 105* (MO), Werdermann 1153 (K)
Departments: Tacna.


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 Senecio trigynus Cuatrec.



Senecio trigynus Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1956: 189. 
Ecology. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Gay 2051* (P)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Senecio truxillensis Cabrera



Senecio truxillensis Cabrera

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1955: 199. 
Ecology. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: L&oacute;pez 0175* (US), L&oacute;pez 0834 (LP)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Senecio tubicapillosus Cuatrec.



Senecio tubicapillosus Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1960: 192. 
Ecology. 4000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Rauh & Hirsch P1806* (NY), Rauh & Hirsch P1896 (NY)
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Senecio tuestae Cuatrec.


Senecio tuestae Cuatrec. = Aequatorium tuestae (Cuatrec.) H. Rob. & Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1950: 46. 


$


 Senecio urubambense Cabrera


Senecio urubambense Cabrera = ?  

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1981: 251. 


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 Senecio usgorensis Cuatrec.



Senecio usgorensis Cuatrec.

Synonyms: Senecio usgorensis Kunth
Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1954: 244. 
Ecology. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 7565* (F)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca.


$


 Senecio valerianifolius Wolf


Senecio valerianifolius Wolf = Erechtites valerianaefolia (Wolf) DC.

Reference: Belcher, R. O., 1956: 25. 


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 Senecio vallestris DC.



Senecio vallestris DC.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1955: 217. 
Ecology. 3000-4000 m. 
Note: For alternative treatment, see Cabrera (1985: 163). 
Voucher: Haenke s.n.* (PR), Killip & Smith 21750 (F)
Departments: Cuzco, Lima, Puno.


$


 Senecio vanillodorus Cabrera



Senecio vanillodorus Cabrera

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1955: 238. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Ridoutt 0512* (LP)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Senecio vargasi Cabrera



Senecio vargasi Cabrera

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1944: 225. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 3481* (LP)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Senecio vegetus (Wedd.) Cabrera



Senecio vegetus (Wedd.) Cabrera

Synonyms: Senecio vegetus Wedd.
Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 205. 
Ecology. 3500- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Gay sn.* (P), Weberbauer 7419 (MO)
Departments: Ayacucho, Puno, Cuzco.


$


 Senecio velardei Cuatrec.



Senecio velardei Cuatrec.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1950: 109. 
Ecology. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Velarde 1024* (LP), Pennell 14587 (F)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Senecio vernicifolius Cuatrec.


Senecio vernicifolius Cuatrec. = Pentacalia vernicifolia (Cuatrec.) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1956: 190. 


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 Senecio verticillatus Klatt


Senecio verticillatus Klatt = Pentacalia verticillata (Klatt) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1981: 260. 


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 Senecio verticillatus var. trichophorus Greenm.


Senecio verticillatus var. trichophorus Greenm. = Pentacalia verticillata (Klatt) Cuatrec.

Reference: Greenman, J. M., 1938: 822. 


$



$


 Senecio volubilis Hook.


Senecio volubilis Hook. = Pseudogynoxys cordifolia (Cass.) Cabrera

Reference: Robinson, H. & J. Cuatrecasas, 1977: 185. 


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 Senecio vulgaris L.



Senecio vulgaris L.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 107. 
Ecology. 500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui 7648 (F)
Departments: Arequipa, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Lima, La Libertad.


$


 Senecio weberbaueri Cuatrec.



Senecio weberbaueri Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1950: 41. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 6618* (F)
Departments: Arequipa.


$


 Senecio wernerioides Wedd.


Senecio wernerioides Wedd. = Senecio breviscapus DC.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1985: 108. 


$


 Senecio woodsonianus Cuatrec.



Senecio woodsonianus Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1965: 304. 
Ecology. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Wurdack 1954* (US)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Senecio woytkowskii Cuatrec.


Senecio woytkowskii Cuatrec. = Gynoxys woytkowskii (Cuatrec.) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1950: 49. 


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 Senecio wurdackii Cuatrec.


Senecio wurdackii Cuatrec. = Pentacalia wurdackii (Cuatrec.) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1964: 153; Cuatrecasas, J., 1981: 251. 


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 Senecio yalusay Cabrera



Senecio yalusay Cabrera

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 Senecio yalusay fo.ligulata Cuatrec.



Senecio yalusay fo. ligulata Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1960: 194. 
Ecology. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith  24425* (US)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Senecio yalusay fo.yalusay



Senecio yalusay fo. yalusay 

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1950: 112. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Ochoa 542* (LP)


$


 Senecio yauyensis Cabrera



Senecio yauyensis Cabrera

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1955: 205. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Cerrate & Tovar 1140* (LP, USM)
Departments: Arequipa, Lima.


$


 Senecio yunguyensis Cuatrec.



Senecio yunguyensis Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1953: 279. 
Ecology. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Soukup 589* (F)
Departments: Puno.


$


 Senecio yurensis Rusby



Senecio yurensis Rusby

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1950: 115. 
Ecology. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Williams 2565* (NY), Rose & Rose 18830 (MO)
Departments: Arequipa.


$


 Senefeldera inclinata M&uuml;ll. Arg.



Senefeldera inclinata M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Reference: Flora Peru: 674: 181. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Foster & Wachter 7328 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Senefeldera macrophylla Ducke



Senefeldera macrophylla Ducke

$


 Senefeldera skutchiana Croizat



Senefeldera skutchiana Croizat

Reference: Flora Peru: 674: 182. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Skutch 4967* , Schunke 10206 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Senefeldera triandra Pax & K. Hoffm.



Senefeldera triandra Pax & K. Hoffm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 674: 182. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ule 9547* (B), Gentry et al. 55645 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Senegalia glomerosa (Benth.) Britton & Rose


Senegalia glomerosa (Benth.) Britton & Rose = Acacia polyphylla DC.

Reference: FP 21: 77; Seigler, pers. comm.. 


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 Senegalia lehmannii Britton & Killip


Senegalia lehmannii Britton & Killip = Acacia lehmannii (Britton & Killip) J.F. Macbr.

Reference: FP 21: 79. 
Note: NN  


$


 Senegalia multiflora (Kunth) Killip ex Record


Senegalia multiflora (Kunth) Killip ex Record = Pithecellobium multiflorum (Kunth) Benth.

Reference: FP 21: 59. 


$


 Senegalia paniculata (Willd.) Killip ex Record


Senegalia paniculata (Willd.) Killip ex Record = Acacia tenuifolia (L.) Willd.

Reference: FP 21: 81; Seigler, pers. comm.. 


$


 Senegalia polyphylla (DC.) Britton & Rose ex Britton & Killip


Senegalia polyphylla (DC.) Britton & Rose ex Britton & Killip = Acacia polyphylla DC.

Reference: FP 21: 82. 


$


 Senegalia riparia (Kunth) Britton & Rose ex Britton & Killip


Senegalia riparia (Kunth) Britton & Rose ex Britton & Killip = Acacia riparia Kunth

Reference: FP 21: 82. 


$


 Senegalia tenuifolia (L.) Britton & Rose


Senegalia tenuifolia (L.) Britton & Rose = Acacia tenuifolia (L.) Willd.

Reference: Seigler, pers. comm.. 


$


 Senegalia tomentella Britton & Killip


Senegalia tomentella Britton & Killip = Acacia tenuifolia (L.) Willd.

Reference: FP 21: 80. 


$


 Senites mexicana (Kunth) Hitchc.


Senites mexicana (Kunth) Hitchc. = Zeugites americana var. mexicana (Kunth) McVaugh

Reference: FP 719: 142; McVaugh, R., 1983: 413. 


$


 Senna acuparata H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna acuparata H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 202. 
Ecology: Endemic vine. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   The cited voucher was treated under Cassia hoffmannseggii in the Flora of Peru. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 27392* (US)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Senna alata (L.) Roxb.



Senna alata (L.) Roxb.

Synonyms: Senna alata (L.) Raf., Senna alata L.
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 460; Grimes, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: disturbed areas, riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig s.n.[in 1830] (NY)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Senna atomaria (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna atomaria (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Synonyms: Senna atomaria L.
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 588. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Senna aurantia (R. & P. ex G. Don) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna aurantia (R. & P. ex G. Don) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Synonyms: Senna aurantia Lasseigne, Senna aurantia R. & P. ex G. Don, Senna aurantia Vogel
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 354. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: riversides, rocky slopes. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (BM), Macbride 3194 (US)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Senna bacillaris (L. f.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna bacillaris (L. f.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

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 Senna bacillaris (L. f.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var.bacillaris



Senna bacillaris (L. f.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. bacillaris 

Synonyms: Senna bacillaris bacillaris (L. f.) G. Don, Senna bacillaris bacillaris (L. f.) Hornem., Senna bacillaris bacillaris L. f., Senna bacillaris bacillaris Pers.
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 113. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Senna bacillaris var.benthamiana (J.F. Macbr.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna bacillaris var. benthamiana (J.F. Macbr.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Synonyms: Senna bacillaris var. benthamiana J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 114. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 1029 (NY!), Williams 566* (F)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Senna barnebyana Lasseigne


Senna barnebyana Lasseigne = Senna aurantia (R. & P. ex G. Don) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Reference: Lasseigne, A., 1981: 513; Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 354. 


$


 Senna bicapsularis (L.) Roxb.



Senna bicapsularis (L.) Roxb.

$


 Senna bicapsularis (L.) Roxb. var.bicapsularis



Senna bicapsularis (L.) Roxb. var. bicapsularis 

Synonyms: Senna bicapsularis bicapsularis (L.) Britton & Rose ex Britton & P. Wilson, Senna bicapsularis bicapsularis (L.) Ham., Senna bicapsularis bicapsularis L., Senna bicapsularis bicapsularis Lam.
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 401. 
Ecology: Introduced shrub. Coastal: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 7613 (NY!)
Departments: Lambayeque, Lima.


$


 Senna bicapsularis var.augusti (Harms) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna bicapsularis var. augusti (Harms) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Synonyms: Senna bicapsularis augusti Harms, Senna bicapsularis augusti Kunth, Senna bicapsularis var. augusti (Harms) J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 403. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, rocky slopes. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 5368* (B photo NY!), Hutchison & Wright 6712 (NY!)
Departments: Arequipa, Cajamarca, Ica, Lambayeque, Lima, La Libertad.


$


 Senna birostris (Dombey ex J. Vogel) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna birostris (Dombey ex J. Vogel) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

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 Senna birostris (Dombey ex J. Vogel) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var.birostris



Senna birostris (Dombey ex J. Vogel) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. birostris 

Synonyms: Senna birostris birostris (Dombey ex J. Vogel) Dombey ex J. F. Macbr., Senna birostris birostris Dombey ex J. Vogel
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 344. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean I-II, Coastal: lomas, shrublands. 0-3000 m. 
Voucher: Dombey s.n.* (P), Ferreyra 8659 (NY!)
Departments: Ancash, Arequipa, Lima.


$


 Senna birostris var.arequipensis (Vogel) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna birostris var. arequipensis (Vogel) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Synonyms: Senna birostris arequipensis Vogel
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 342. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II-III: riversides. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Meyen s.n.* (B photo F!), Pennell 14278 (NY!)
Departments: Arequipa, Moquegua, Tacna.


$


 Senna birostris var.helveola (J.F. Macbr.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna birostris var. helveola (J.F. Macbr.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Synonyms: Senna birostris helveola J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 343. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, shrublands. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 1183* (F), Smith et al. 12518 (NY!)
Departments: Ancash, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, La Libertad, Pasco.


$


 Senna birostris var.hookeriana (Gillies ex Hook.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna birostris var. hookeriana (Gillies ex Hook.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Synonyms: Senna birostris hookeriana Gillies ex Hook.
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 339. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Senna birostris var.huancavensis (J.F. Macbr.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna birostris var. huancavensis (J.F. Macbr.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Synonyms: Senna birostris var. huancavensis J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 341. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: disturbed areas, grasslands, riversides. 2500-3500 m. 
Note: The type collection was listed under Cassia helveola [=S. birostis var. helveola] in the Flora of Peru. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 7608* (F), Croat 57743 (NY!, USM!)
Departments: Cuzco, Huancavelica, Pasco.


$


 Senna brongniartii (Gaudichaud) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna brongniartii (Gaudichaud) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Synonyms: Senna brongniartii Gaudichaud, Senna brongniartii R. & P. ex Benth.
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 322. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Coastal: desert, lomas. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Dillon & Dillon 3796 (NY!)
Departments: Arequipa, Ica, Lima, Tacna.


$


 Senna cajamarcae H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna cajamarcae H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Synonyms: Senna cajamarcae Lasseigne
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 350. 
Ecology: Native shrub, treelet. Andean II: shrublands. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 8426* (NY), Mostacero et al. 851 (NY!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Senna cobanensis (Britton in Britton & Rose) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna cobanensis (Britton in Britton & Rose) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Synonyms: Senna cobanensis (Britton in Britton & Rose) Lundell, Senna cobanensis Benth., Senna cobanensis Britton in Britton & Rose
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 250. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean I: disturbed areas. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry & Prance 16406 (NY!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Senna cushina (J.F. Macbr.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna cushina (J.F. Macbr.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Synonyms: Senna cushina J.F. Macbr., Senna cushina Rose ex J. F. Macbr.
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 475. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Andean II: forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 4825* (F), Ferreyra & Alleto 15183 (NY!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Senna fruticosa (Mill.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna fruticosa (Mill.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Synonyms: Senna fruticosa (Mill.) Pittier, Senna fruticosa Mill.
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 121. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   This taxon (sub Cassia) was incorrectly equated with Cassia [=Senna] bacillaris in the Flora of Peru. 


$


 Senna galegifolia (L.) Barneby & Lourteig



Senna galegifolia (L.) Barneby & Lourteig

Synonyms: Senna galegifolia (Kunth) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Senna galegifolia (Vahl) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Senna galegifolia Kunth, Senna galegifolia L., Senna galegifolia Vahl
Reference: Lourteig, A., 1988: 400. 
Ecology: Native shrub, subshrub. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 61021 (NY!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca.


$


 Senna haughtii (J.F. Macbr.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna haughtii (J.F. Macbr.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Synonyms: Senna haughtii J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 587. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Coastal: riversides, rocky slopes, shrublands. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Haught F10* (F), Haught 62 (F)
Departments: Piura.


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 Senna herzogii (Harms) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna herzogii (Harms) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Synonyms: Senna herzogii Harms
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 145. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II: riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 19646 (NY!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cuzco, Madre de Dios.


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 Senna hirsuta (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna hirsuta (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

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 Senna hirsuta (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var.hirsuta



Senna hirsuta (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. hirsuta 

Synonyms: Senna hirsuta hirsuta (L.) Britton & Rose ex Britton & P. Wilson, Senna hirsuta hirsuta L.
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 434. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Senna hirsuta var.hirta H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna hirsuta var. hirta H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 433. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I-II: seasonally inundated areas. 0-3000 m. 
Voucher: Klug 3604 (NY!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Senna hirsuta var.leptocarpa (Benth.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna hirsuta var. leptocarpa (Benth.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Synonyms: Senna hirsuta leptocarpa (Benth.) Britton & Rose, Senna hirsuta leptocarpa Benth.
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 431. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Senna huancabambae (Harms) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna huancabambae (Harms) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Synonyms: Senna huancabambae Harms
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 561. 
Ecology: Native subshrub. Andean I-III, Coastal: riversides, rocky slopes, semi-deciduous forests. 500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 6285* (B photo F!), Plowman et al. 14221 (NY!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Piura.


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 Senna incarnata (Pav. ex Benth.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna incarnata (Pav. ex Benth.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Synonyms: Senna incarnata Pav. ex Benth.
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 526. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II-III: rocky slopes, shrublands. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (BM), S&aacute;nchez 10382 (NY!)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, Lima, La Libertad, Piura.


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 Senna lasseigniana H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna lasseigniana H.S. Irwin & Barneby

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 Senna lasseigniana H.S. Irwin & Barneby var.lasseigniana



Senna lasseigniana H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. lasseigniana 

Synonyms: Senna lasseigniana var. lasseigniana Lasseigne
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 354. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II-III: forests, riversides, shrublands. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra & Acleto 15194* (MO!), Wurdack 834 (NY!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca.


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 Senna latifolia (G. Meyer) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna latifolia (G. Meyer) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Synonyms: Senna latifolia (G. Meyer) Pittier, Senna latifolia C. Martius ex Benth., Senna latifolia G. Meyer
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 143. 
Ecology: Native liana, shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Plowman et al. 6982 (NY!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Senna leiophylla (Vogel) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna leiophylla (Vogel) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Synonyms: Senna leiophylla (Vogel) Britton in Britton & Rose, Senna leiophylla Vogel
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 248. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   Collections cited under Cassia leiophylla J. Vogel in the Flora of Peru -- Spruce 4299, Killip & Smith 23805 & 24967 -- were redetermined as Senna cobanensis by Irwin & Barneby (1982: 250). 


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 Senna loretensis (Killip & J.F. Macbr. ex Killip) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna loretensis (Killip & J.F. Macbr. ex Killip) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Synonyms: Senna loretensis Killip & J.F. Macbr. ex Killip
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 146. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, treelet. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 206* (F), Gentry et al. 37849 (NY!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Senna macranthera (DC. ex Colladon) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna macranthera (DC. ex Colladon) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

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 Senna macranthera var.andina H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna macranthera var. andina H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 188. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean I-II: disturbed areas, rocky slopes. 1000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 3602* (NY), Smith 6197 (NY!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, La Libertad.


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 Senna macrophylla (Kunth) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna macrophylla (Kunth) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

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 Senna macrophylla (Kunth) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var.macrophylla



Senna macrophylla (Kunth) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. macrophylla 

Synonyms: Senna macrophylla macrophylla (Kunth) G. Don, Senna macrophylla macrophylla Kunth
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 140. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   Collections cited in the Flora of Peru under Cassia macrophylla are treated as var. gigantifolia by Irwin & Barneby (1982: 139). 


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 Senna macrophylla var.gigantifolia (Britton & Killip) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna macrophylla var. gigantifolia (Britton & Killip) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Synonyms: Senna macrophylla gigantifolia (Britton & Killip) R.S. Cowan, Senna macrophylla gigantifolia Britton & Killip
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 139. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests on white sand. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Klug 1622* (NY), Schunke 6195 (NY!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Senna malaspinae H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna malaspinae H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 311. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: riversides, rocky slopes, shrublands. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Pennell 14424* (NY), Malaspina Exped. [Haenke or N&eacute;e] s.n. (FI-WEBB)
Departments: Lima.


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 Senna mandonii (Benth.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna mandonii (Benth.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Synonyms: Senna mandonii Benth., Senna mandonii Killip & J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 331. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: cloud forests, riversides. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ugent 5366 (NY!)
Departments: Cuzco.


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 Senna mollissima (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna mollissima (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

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 Senna mollissima (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var.mollissima



Senna mollissima (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. mollissima 

Synonyms: Senna mollissima mollissima (Kunth) G. Don, Senna mollissima mollissima Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., Senna mollissima mollissima J.F. Macbr., Senna mollissima mollissima Kunth
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 595. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean I-II: disturbed areas, riversides. 500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 6773 (NY!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Piura, Tumbes.


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 Senna multiglandulosa (Jacq.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna multiglandulosa (Jacq.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Synonyms: Senna multiglandulosa (L. f.) Britton & Rose, Senna multiglandulosa G. Don, Senna multiglandulosa Jacq., Senna multiglandulosa L. f.
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 357. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II-III: cloud forests, disturbed areas, grasslands, riversides. 2000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Wasshausen & Encarnaci&oacute;n 1002 (NY!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Ayacucho, La Libertad.


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 Senna multijuga (Rich.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna multijuga (Rich.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

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 Senna multijuga (Rich.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby subsp.multijuga



Senna multijuga (Rich.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby subsp. multijuga 

Synonyms: Senna multijuga multijuga (Rich.) Britton & Rose ex Britton & P. Wilson, Senna multijuga multijuga Rich.
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 495. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Smith 1985 (NY!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


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 Senna obliqua (G. Don) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna obliqua (G. Don) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Synonyms: Senna obliqua (G. Don) R. & P. ex G. Don, Senna obliqua G. Don
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 148. 
Ecology. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (BM), Hutchison 1186 (NY!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Madre de Dios, Pasco.


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 Senna obtusifolia (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna obtusifolia (L.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Synonyms: Senna obtusifolia (L.) Haines, Senna obtusifolia L.
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 252; Reveal, J. L., 1992: 138. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I: forests, disturbed areas, rocky slopes. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Cassia obtusifolia is the subject of a proposal for species conservation. 
Voucher: Smith 2142 (NY!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


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 Senna occidentalis (L.) Link



Senna occidentalis (L.) Link

Synonyms: Senna occidentalis (L.) Britton & Rose ex Britton & P. Wilson, Senna occidentalis L.
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 436. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: riversides. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 6080 (NY!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


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 Senna pallida (Vahl) H.S. Irwin & Barneby


Senna pallida (Vahl) H.S. Irwin & Barneby = Senna galegifolia (L.) Barneby & Lourteig

Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 543; Lourteig, A., 1988: 401. 


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 Senna pallida var. nemorosa (Kunth) H.S. Irwin & Barneby


Senna pallida var. nemorosa (Kunth) H.S. Irwin & Barneby = Senna galegifolia (L.) Barneby & Lourteig

Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 543; Lourteig, A., 1988: 401. 


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 Senna pendula (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna pendula (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

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 Senna pendula var.praeandina H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna pendula var. praeandina H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 385. 
Ecology: Native liana, shrub. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 2043* (NY), Smith 4132 (NY!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


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 Senna pendula var.scandens (Benth.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna pendula var. scandens (Benth.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Synonyms: Senna pendula var. scandens (Benth.) Lasseigne, Senna pendula var. scandens Benth.
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 395. 
Ecology: Endemic liana, shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: grasslands. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 3925* (K), Belshaw 3164 (NY!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Senna pendula var.tenuifolia (Benth.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna pendula var. tenuifolia (Benth.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Synonyms: Senna pendula var. tenuifolia Benth.
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 394. 
Ecology: Native liana, tree. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ayala et al. 3332 (NY!)
Departments: Loreto, Pasco.


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 Senna pilifera (Vogel) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var.pilifera



Senna pilifera (Vogel) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. pilifera 

Synonyms: Senna pilifera pilifera (Vogel) Pittier, Senna pilifera pilifera Vogel
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 243. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   The specimen cited under Cassia pilifera in the Flora of Peru, Ule 6729, was redetermined as var. subglabra by Irwin & Barneby (1982). 


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 Senna pilifera (Vogel) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna pilifera (Vogel) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

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 Senna pilifera var.subglabra (S. Moore) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna pilifera var. subglabra (S. Moore) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Synonyms: Senna pilifera var. subglabra S. Moore
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 243. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean I: forests, riversides. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 10897 (NY!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Piura.


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 Senna pistaciifolia (Kunth) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna pistaciifolia (Kunth) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

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 Senna pistaciifolia var.glabra (Benth.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna pistaciifolia var. glabra (Benth.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Synonyms: Senna pistaciifolia glabra Benth., Senna pistaciifolia glabra Kunth, Senna pistaciifolia glabra Willd., Senna pistaciifolia var. glabra Benth.
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 473. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean I-II: disturbed areas, rocky slopes. 1000-2500 m. 
Voucher: D&iacute;az 2031 (NY!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Lambayeque, Piura.


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 Senna pistaciifolia var.picta (G. Don) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna pistaciifolia var. picta (G. Don) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Synonyms: Senna pistaciifolia picta G. Don
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 473. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean I: disturbed areas. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Llatas 654 (NY!)
Departments: Lambayeque, Piura.


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 Senna polyphylla (Jacq.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna polyphylla (Jacq.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

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 Senna polyphylla (Jacq.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var.polyphylla



Senna polyphylla (Jacq.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. polyphylla 

Synonyms: Senna polyphylla polyphylla Willd.
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 519. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Senna praeterita H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna praeterita H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 333. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: shrublands. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Mathews 3276* (K)
Departments: Amazonas.


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 Senna punoensis Lasseigne ex H. Irwin & Barneby



Senna punoensis Lasseigne ex H. Irwin & Barneby

Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 362. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean II: riversides. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Metcalfe 30491* (MO!)
Departments: Madre de Dios, Puno.


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 Senna quinquangulata (Rich.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna quinquangulata (Rich.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

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 Senna quinquangulata (Rich.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var.quinquangulata



Senna quinquangulata (Rich.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. quinquangulata 

Synonyms: Senna quinquangulata quinquangulata (Rich.) Pittier, Senna quinquangulata quinquangulata Britton & Killip, Senna quinquangulata quinquangulata Rich.
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 155. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Knapp 8176 (NY!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Senna racemosa (Mill.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna racemosa (Mill.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Synonyms: Senna racemosa Mill.
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 582. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Senna reticulata (Willd.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna reticulata (Willd.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Synonyms: Senna reticulata (Willd.) Pittier, Senna reticulata Willd.
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 458. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: disturbed areas, riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Croat 19111 (NY!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Senna ruiziana (G. Don) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna ruiziana (G. Don) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

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 Senna ruiziana (G. Don) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var.ruiziana



Senna ruiziana (G. Don) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. ruiziana 

Synonyms: Senna ruiziana ruiziana (G. Don) Vogel, Senna ruiziana ruiziana G. Don, Senna ruiziana ruiziana J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 152. 
Ecology: Native liana, shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: riversides, rocky slopes. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (BM), Wurdack 2225 (NY!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


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 Senna ruiziana var.micrandra H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna ruiziana var. micrandra H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 152. 
Ecology: Native liana, tree. Andean I: forests. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 15197 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


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 Senna septemtrionalis (Viviani) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna septemtrionalis (Viviani) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Synonyms: Senna septemtrionalis (Willd.) Britton & Rose ex Britton & P. Wilson, Senna septemtrionalis (Willd.) G. Don, Senna septemtrionalis (Willd.) Pittier, Senna septemtrionalis Viviani, Senna septemtrionalis Willd., Senna septemtrionalis Zuccagni
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 365. 
Ecology: Native shrub, treelet. Coastal: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 2860 (NY!)
Departments: Lima.


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 Senna silvestris (Vell.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby subsp.silvestris



Senna silvestris (Vell.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby subsp. silvestris 

Synonyms: Senna silvestris silvestris Vell., Senna silvestris silvestris Vogel, Senna silvestris var. silvestris (Huber) J.F. Macbr., Senna silvestris var. silvestris Huber
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 89. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests on white sand, riversides. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Mexia 6074 (NY!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Pasco, Ucayali.


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 Senna silvestris (Vell.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna silvestris (Vell.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

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 Senna spectabilis (DC.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna spectabilis (DC.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

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 Senna spectabilis (DC.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var.spectabilis



Senna spectabilis (DC.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. spectabilis 

Synonyms: Senna spectabilis spectabilis (DC.) Britton & Rose, Senna spectabilis spectabilis DC.
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 603. 
Ecology: Cultivated tree. Amazonian, Coastal: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Encarnaci&oacute;n E-161 (NY)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Lima, Loreto.


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 Senna spinescens (Hoffmannsegg ex J. Vogel) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna spinescens (Hoffmannsegg ex J. Vogel) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

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 Senna spinescens (Hoffmannsegg ex J. Vogel) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var.spinescens



Senna spinescens (Hoffmannsegg ex J. Vogel) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. spinescens 

Synonyms: Senna spinescens spinescens Ducke, Senna spinescens spinescens Hoffmannsegg ex J. Vogel
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 214. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 180 (NY!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios.


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 Senna tapajozensis (Ducke) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna tapajozensis (Ducke) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Synonyms: Senna tapajozensis Ducke
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 175. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry & N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 54210 (NY!)
Departments: Madre de Dios.


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 Senna uncata H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna uncata H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 200. 
Ecology: Endemic liana, tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ancuash 289* (MO!), Huashikat 367 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas.


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 Senna uniflora (Mill.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna uniflora (Mill.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Synonyms: Senna uniflora (Pittier) J.F. Macbr., Senna uniflora Mill., Senna uniflora Pittier
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 258. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Senna vargasii (Schery) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna vargasii (Schery) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Synonyms: Senna vargasii Schery
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 373. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: rocky slopes, shrublands. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Vargas 985* (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Senna versicolor (Meyen ex J. Vogel) H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna versicolor (Meyen ex J. Vogel) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

$


 Senna versicolor (Meyen ex J. Vogel) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var.versicolor



Senna versicolor (Meyen ex J. Vogel) H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. versicolor 

Synonyms: Senna versicolor versicolor Dombey ex Vogel, Senna versicolor versicolor Meyen ex J. Vogel
Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 309. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, shrublands. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Smith & S&aacute;nchez 4312 (NY!)
Departments: Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Pasco, Puno.


$


 Senna versicolor var.heterosperma H.S. Irwin & Barneby



Senna versicolor var. heterosperma H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Reference: Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 309. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: forests, rocky slopes. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   Grown as an ornamental in California and under glass in New York (Irwin & Barneby, 1982). The taxon was reported previously by Isely (1975: 105) under the name Cassia latopetiolata Dombey ex J. Vogel. 
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 5306* (NY!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Septas repens Lour.


Septas repens Lour. = Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell

Reference: FP 1361: 480. 


$


 Septotheca tessmannii Ulbr.



Septotheca tessmannii Ulbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1303: 609. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Tessmann 3214* (B)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Serapias congesta Vell.


Serapias congesta Vell. = Cyclopogon congestus (Vell.) Hoehne

Reference: Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Serapias flava Sw.


Serapias flava Sw. = Corymborkis flava (Sw.) Kuntze

Reference: Garay, L. A., 1978: 144; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Serapias parasitica Pavon ex Ridley


Serapias parasitica Pavon ex Ridley = Malaxis carnosa (Kunth) C. Schweinf.

Reference: FP 1467: 368; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Serapias speciosa J. Gmelin


Serapias speciosa J. Gmelin = Stenorrhynchos speciosum (J. Gmelin) Rich. ex Spreng.

Reference: FP 1438: 146; Garay, L. A., 1978: 243; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Sericandra julibrissin (Durazz.) Raf.


Sericandra julibrissin (Durazz.) Raf. = Albizia julibrissin Durazz.

Reference: Britton, N. L. & J. N. Rose, 1928: 44. 


$


 Seris castelnaeana (Wedd.) Kuntze


Seris castelnaeana (Wedd.) Kuntze = Onoseris castelnaeana Wedd.

$


 Seris speciosa (Kunth) Kuntze


Seris speciosa (Kunth) Kuntze = Onoseris speciosa Kunth

Reference: Harling, G., 1991: 38. 


$


 Serjania alsmithii J.F. Macbr.


Serjania alsmithii J.F. Macbr. = Serjania communis var. alsmithii (J.F. Macbr.) Acev.-Rodr.

Reference: FP 1298: 298. 


$


 Serjania altissma (Poepp.) Radlk.



Serjania altissma (Poepp.) Radlk.

Synonyms: Serjania altissma Poepp.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 299. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests, shrublands. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 2415* (M), Forster 7920 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Serjania aluligera Radlk.



Serjania aluligera Radlk.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 300. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Jelski 409* (M photo F!), Sag&aacute;stegui 11399 (NY!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Cuzco, Piura.


$


 Serjania ampelopsis Planch. & Triana ex Triana & Planch.



Serjania ampelopsis Planch. & Triana ex Triana & Planch.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 310; Radlkofer, L., 1931: 58. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 3467 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Lambayeque.


$


 Serjania brachyptera Radlk.



Serjania brachyptera Radlk.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 301. 
Ecology: Endemic liana. Andean II: disturbed areas, shrublands. 1500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 3304* (B), Fosberg 27869 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Apur&iacute;mac, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Piura.


$


 Serjania brevipes Benth.



Serjania brevipes Benth.

Reference: Radlkofer, L., 1931: 151. 
Ecology: Native vine. Amazonian: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: L&oacute;pez et al. 8764 (MO!)
Departments: Piura, Tacna.


$


 Serjania calligera Radlk.



Serjania calligera Radlk.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 301. 
Ecology. 1000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 4215* (B), Sag&aacute;stegui 11399 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Piura.


$


 Serjania caracasana (Jacq.) Willd.



Serjania caracasana (Jacq.) Willd.

Synonyms: Serjania caracasana Jacq.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 301; Ferrucci, M. S., 1991: 76. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 6308 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Serjania circumvallata Radlk.



Serjania circumvallata Radlk.

Reference: Croat, T. B., 1977: 512. 
Ecology: Native liana, vine. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry 18496 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Serjania communis Cambess.



Serjania communis Cambess.

$


 Serjania communis Cambess. var.communis



Serjania communis Cambess. var. communis 

Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 302. 
Ecology: Native vine. Andean I: shrublands. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Tovar 4602 (US!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Serjania communis var.alsmithii (J.F. Macbr.) Acev.-Rodr.



Serjania communis var. alsmithii (J.F. Macbr.) Acev.-Rodr.

Synonyms: Serjania communis alsmithii J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 298; Acevedo-Rodriguez, P., 1993: 379. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 28301* , Stein & Kallunki 3917 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Ucayali.


$


 Serjania crassifolia Radlk.



Serjania crassifolia Radlk.

Reference: Radlkofer, L., 1931: 135. 
Ecology: Native liana. .. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Foster 11752 (NY!)
Departments: Madre de Dios.


$


 Serjania deltoidea Radlk.



Serjania deltoidea Radlk.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 303. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Kayap 953 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Serjania dibotrya Poepp.



Serjania dibotrya Poepp.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 303. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 1328* (W), Foster 9706 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Madre de Dios.


$


 Serjania diffusa Radlk.



Serjania diffusa Radlk.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 304. 
Ecology: Native liana. Andean II: disturbed areas, forests. 1500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Smith & V&aacute;squez 4857 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Serjania dumicola Radlk.



Serjania dumicola Radlk.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 305. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Serjania elongata J.F. Macbr.



Serjania elongata J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 305. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests, shrublands. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 5511* (US photo MO!), Schunke 4108 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Serjania exarata Radlk.


Serjania exarata Radlk. = Serjania membranacea Splitg.

Reference: FP 1298: 305. 


$


 Serjania exarata var. extensa J.F. Macbr.


Serjania exarata var. extensa J.F. Macbr. = Serjania lethalis A. St. Hilaire

Reference: FP 1298: 306. 


$


 Serjania foveata Griseb.



Serjania foveata Griseb.

Reference: Radlkofer, L., 1931: 55. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Barbour 5738 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Cuzco, Madre de Dios.


$


 Serjania fulta Griseb.


Serjania fulta Griseb. = Serjania glabrata Kunth

Reference: Ferrucci, M. S., 1991: 89. 


$


 Serjania fuscostriata Radlk.



Serjania fuscostriata Radlk.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 306. 
Ecology: Endemic liana. Andean II: shrublands. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 3183* (B photo F!)
Departments: Ancash, Hu&aacute;nuco, La Libertad.


$


 Serjania glabrata Kunth



Serjania glabrata Kunth

Synonyms: Serjania glabrata Griseb., Serjania glabrata Griseb.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 306; Ferrucci, M. S., 1991: 89. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, seasonally inundated areas, semi-deciduous forests, shrublands, riversides. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Bonpland s.n.* (P), Stein et al. 3877 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Piura, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Serjania glutinosa Radlk.



Serjania glutinosa Radlk.

Reference: Ferrucci, M. S., 1991: 92. 
Ecology: Native vine. Region uncertain: riversides. . 
Voucher: Redoutt 11437 (NY!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Serjania grammatophora Radlk.



Serjania grammatophora Radlk.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 307. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Serjania grandiceps Radlk.



Serjania grandiceps Radlk.

Reference: Radlkofer, L., 1931: 115. 
Ecology: Native liana. Andean I: disturbed areas. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Mathias & Taylor 5974 (LA at MO!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Serjania grandifolia Sagot ex Radlk.



Serjania grandifolia Sagot ex Radlk.

Synonyms: Serjania grandifolia J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 308. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: disturbed areas, terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez 713 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Serjania grandifolia var. pubisepala J.F. Macbr.


Serjania grandifolia var. pubisepala J.F. Macbr. = Serjania grandifolia Sagot ex Radlk.

Reference: FP 1298: 308. 


$


 Serjania inflata Poepp.



Serjania inflata Poepp.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 309. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig s.n.* (B photo F!), Belshaw 3170 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Serjania inscripta Radlk.



Serjania inscripta Radlk.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 309. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 21854 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Cajamarca, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Ucayali.


$


 Serjania killipii J.F. Macbr.


Serjania killipii J.F. Macbr. = Serjania subrotundifolia Radlk.

Reference: FP 1298: 310. 


$


 Serjania leptocarpa Radlk.



Serjania leptocarpa Radlk.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 311. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Foster & Augspurger 3093 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Serjania lethalis A. St. Hilaire



Serjania lethalis A. St. Hilaire

Synonyms: Serjania lethalis J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 312. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, riversides. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Foster 8530 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Jun&iacute;n, San Mart&iacute;n, Tacna.


$


 Serjania longipes Radlk.



Serjania longipes Radlk.

Reference: Radlkofer, L., 1931: 151. 
Ecology: Native liana, vine. .. . 
Voucher: Plowman 1859 (ECON!)
Departments: Tacna.


$


 Serjania longistipula Radlk.



Serjania longistipula Radlk.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 312. 
Ecology: Native liana. Andean II: shrublands. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 537 (B photo F!)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Cuzco, Puno.


$


 Serjania mansiana Mart.



Serjania mansiana Mart.

Reference: Radlkofer, L., 1931: 191. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian, Andean I: shrublands. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 14471 (US!)
Departments: Cuzco, Loreto.


$


 Serjania membranacea Splitg.



Serjania membranacea Splitg.

Synonyms: Serjania membranacea Radlk.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 313. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez et al. 4849 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Serjania meridionalis Cambessedes



Serjania meridionalis Cambessedes

Reference: Ferrucci, M. S., 1991: 101. 
Ecology: Native liana. ., riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 12507 (NY!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Serjania mollis Kunth



Serjania mollis Kunth

Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 314. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Humboldt & Bonpland s.n.* (B photo F!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Serjania mucronata Radlk.



Serjania mucronata Radlk.

Reference: Radlkofer, L., 1931: 173. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 4187 (F!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Serjania noxia Cambessedes



Serjania noxia Cambessedes

Reference: Radlkofer, L., 1931: 209. 
Ecology: Native liana. Andean I: forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 5927 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Serjania nutans Poepp.



Serjania nutans Poepp.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 315. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests, riversides. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 1897* (W), Mathias & Taylor 5974 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Serjania oxyphylla Kunth



Serjania oxyphylla Kunth

Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 315. 
Ecology: Endemic liana. Andean II: shrublands. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Humboldt & Bonpland s.n.* (B photo F!), Smith & V&aacute;squez 4965 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca.


$


 Serjania parvifolia Kunth



Serjania parvifolia Kunth

Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 316. 
Ecology: Endemic liana. . 
Voucher: Bonpland s.n.* (B photo F!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Serjania paucidentata DC.



Serjania paucidentata DC.

Synonyms: Serjania paucidentata Steud.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 316; Croat, T. B., 1977: 521. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: swamps. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry & Jaramillo 57902 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Serjania peruviana Radlk.



Serjania peruviana Radlk.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 317. 
Ecology: Endemic liana. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Mathews 3094* (K), Woytkowski 6455 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Serjania platypetala Radlk.


Serjania platypetala Radlk. = Serjania squarrosa Radlk.

Reference: FP 1298: 317. 


$


 Serjania pyramidata Radlk.



Serjania pyramidata Radlk.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 318. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian, Andean I, Coastal: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Pav&oacute;n 225* (G)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Tumbes, Ucayali.


$


 Serjania rubicaulis Ruiz & Pav. ex Benth.



Serjania rubicaulis Ruiz & Pav. ex Benth.

Synonyms: Serjania rubicaulis Klotzsch ex Trevisan
Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 319. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests, riversides. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (G), Smith & Foster 2485 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Serjania rubifolia Klotzsch ex Trevisan


Serjania rubifolia Klotzsch ex Trevisan = Serjania rubicaulis Ruiz & Pav. ex Benth.

Reference: Radlkofer, L., 1931: 150. 


$


 Serjania rufa Radlk.



Serjania rufa Radlk.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 319. 
Ecology: Endemic liana. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, semi-deciduous forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Mathews 1321* (BM), Knapp 8180 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Serjania schunkei Acev.-Rodr.


Serjania schunkei Acev.-Rodr. = Lophostigma schunkei (Acev.-Rodr.) Acev.-Rodr.

Reference: Acevedo-Rodr&iacute;guez, P., 1988: 288. 


$


 Serjania sphaerococca Radlk.



Serjania sphaerococca Radlk.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 320. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, semi-deciduous forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 5431 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Serjania squarrosa Radlk.



Serjania squarrosa Radlk.

Synonyms: Serjania squarrosa Radlk.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 321. 
Ecology: Endemic liana. Andean I-II: forests, rocky slopes, shrublands. 1000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Gay s.n.* (P photo F!), Vargas 7603 (MO!)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Puno.


$


 Serjania striata Radlk.



Serjania striata Radlk.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 321. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Gay s.n.* (P photo F!), Hoogte & Roersch 695 (MO!)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Cuzco.


$


 Serjania striolata Radlk.



Serjania striolata Radlk.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 322. 
Ecology: Endemic liana. Andean II: forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 3031* (B photo F!)
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Serjania subrotundifolia Radlk.



Serjania subrotundifolia Radlk.

Synonyms: Serjania subrotundifolia J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 322. 
Ecology: Endemic liana. . 
Voucher: Lechler 2331* (K), Killip & Smith 26853 (US)
Departments: Loreto, Puno.


$


 Serjania sufferuginea Radlk.



Serjania sufferuginea Radlk.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 323. 
Ecology: Native liana. Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests. 1000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA photo F!), Smith & Canne 5945 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco.


$


 Serjania tenuifolia Radlk.



Serjania tenuifolia Radlk.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 324. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig, addenda 92* (W), Woytkowski 5060 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Serjania trirostris Radlk.



Serjania trirostris Radlk.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 324. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ayala et al. 3394 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Loreto, Ucayali.


$


 Sertifera virgata Rchb. f.


Sertifera virgata Rchb. f. = Elleanthus virgatus (Rchb. f.) C. Schweinf.

Reference: FP 1438: 68; Garay, L. A., 1978: 107; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Sertuernera glauca Mart.


Sertuernera glauca Mart. = Pfaffia stenophylla (Sprengel) Stuchlik

Reference: FP 1255: 492. 


$


 Sesamum indicum L.



Sesamum indicum L.

$


 Sesbania brenningii Harms


Sesbania brenningii Harms = Yucaratonia brenningii (Harms) Burkart

Reference: Burkart, A., 1969: 526. 


$


 Sesbania emerus (Aubl.) Urb.



Sesbania emerus (Aubl.) Urb.

Synonyms: Sesbania emerus Aubl.
Reference: Lewis, G. P., 1987: 242. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Amazonian, Coastal: rocky slopes, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry 42339 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Piura.


$


 Sesbania exasperata Kunth



Sesbania exasperata Kunth

Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 384; Lewis, G. P., 1987: 242. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Coastal: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Smith 34 (USM!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Lambayeque, Piura.


$


 Seseli ammi Savi


Seseli ammi Savi = Ciclospermum leptophyllum var. leptophyllum 

Reference: FP 1293: 11; Constance, L., 1990: 277. 


$


 Seseli graveolens Scop.


Seseli graveolens Scop. = Apium graveolens L.

Reference: FP 1293: 9. 


$


 Sessea confertiflora Francey



Sessea confertiflora Francey

Synonyms: Sessea confertiflora J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 92. 
Ecology. . 
Voucher: Raimondi s.n. 
Departments: Ancash, Lima.


$


 Sessea dependens Ruiz & Pav.



Sessea dependens Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Sessea dependens (Ruiz & Pav.) J.F. Macbr., Sessea dependens Dunal
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 97. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* 
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Sessea discolor Francey



Sessea discolor Francey

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 98. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 1612 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Sessea dombeyi Dunal


Sessea dombeyi Dunal = Sessea dependens Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1349: 97. 


$


 Sessea graciliflora Bitter



Sessea graciliflora Bitter

Synonyms: Sessea graciliflora J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 112. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 5582* 
Departments: Ayacucho, Cuzco.


$


 Sessea macrophylla Francey


Sessea macrophylla Francey = Cestrum humboldtii Francey

$


 Sessea multiflora Bitter



Sessea multiflora Bitter

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 110. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 599* 
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Puno.


$


 Sessea pedicellata Francey



Sessea pedicellata Francey

Synonyms: Sessea pedicellata J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 102. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 7895* 
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Sessea petiolaris (Kunth) Sprengel


Sessea petiolaris (Kunth) Sprengel = Cestrum petiolare Kunth

$


 Sessea rugosa Rusby


Sessea rugosa Rusby = Cestrum strigilatum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1349: 120. 


$


 Sessea stipulata Ruiz & Pav.



Sessea stipulata Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Sessea stipulata J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 108. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 34263 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Sessea weberbaueri Bitter



Sessea weberbaueri Bitter

Synonyms: Sessea weberbaueri J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 109. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 5913* 
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac.


$


 Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L.



Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L.

Synonyms: Sesuvium portulacastrum L.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1262: 559. 
Ecology: herb. Coastal: beach, lomas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison 1219 (F!)
Departments: Arequipa, Ica, Lima, La Libertad, Piura, Tacna, Tumbes.


$


 Setaria argentina Herrm.


Setaria argentina Herrm. = Setaria leiantha Hack.

Reference: Nicora, E. G., 1970: 47; Tovar, pers. comm.. 


$


 Setaria geniculata (Lam.) P. Beauv.


Setaria geniculata (Lam.) P. Beauv. = Setaria parviflora (Poir.) Kergu&eacute;len

Reference: FP 719: 238; Kergu&eacute;len, M., 1987: 161. 


$


 Setaria gracilis Kunth


Setaria gracilis Kunth = Setaria parviflora (Poir.) Kergu&eacute;len

Reference: Kergu&eacute;len, M., 1987: 161. 


$


 Setaria leiantha Hack.



Setaria leiantha Hack.

Synonyms: Setaria leiantha (Herrm.) Hitchc., Setaria leiantha Herrm.
Reference: Nicora, E. G., 1970: 47; Tovar, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I: disturbed areas, lomas. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Tovar 3920 (USM!)
Departments: Huancavelica, Lima, La Libertad.


$


 Setaria limense Tovar



Setaria limense Tovar

Reference: Tovar, O., 1984: 9. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 1500-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ferreyra 9154* (US!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Setaria oblongata (Griseb.) Parodi



Setaria oblongata (Griseb.) Parodi

Synonyms: Setaria oblongata (Griseb.) Hitchc., Setaria oblongata Griseb.
Reference: T&uuml;rpe, A. M., 1973: 288; Tovar, O., 1981: 112. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: shrublands. 1500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Tovar 7365 (USM!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, La Libertad.


$


 Setaria pallide-fusca (Schumach.) Stapf & C.E. Hubb.


Setaria pallide-fusca (Schumach.) Stapf & C.E. Hubb. = Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult.

Reference: , : 336; Clayton, W. D. & S. A. Renvoize, 1982: 531. 


$


 Setaria pampeana Parodi ex Nicora



Setaria pampeana Parodi ex Nicora

Reference: Tovar, O., 1981: 112. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: shrublands. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Tovar 4853 (USM!)
Departments: Ayacucho.


$


 Setaria parviflora (Poir.) Kergu&eacute;len



Setaria parviflora (Poir.) Kergu&eacute;len

Synonyms: Setaria parviflora (Lam.) Millsp. & Chase, Setaria parviflora (Lam.) P. Beauv., Setaria parviflora Desv., Setaria parviflora Kunth, Setaria parviflora Lam., Setaria parviflora Nees, Setaria parviflora Poir.
Reference: Kergu&eacute;len, M., 1987: 161; Killeen, T. J., 1990: 187. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I-II, Coastal: disturbed areas, lomas. 0-3500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 237A (F!)
Departments: Amazonas, Arequipa, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Lambayeque, Lima, La Libertad, Puno.


$


 Setaria poiretiana (Schult.) Kunth



Setaria poiretiana (Schult.) Kunth

Synonyms: Setaria poiretiana (Schult.) Hitchc., Setaria poiretiana Poir., Setaria poiretiana Schult.
Reference: Flora Peru: 719: 238; Rominger, J. M. , 1962: 74. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Soukup 848 (F!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult.



Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roem. & Schult.

Synonyms: Setaria pumila (Schumach.) Stapf & C.E. Hubb., Setaria pumila Poir., Setaria pumila Schumach.
Reference: 0010982, : 336; Clayton, W. D. & S. A. Renvoize, 1982: 531. 
Ecology: Introduced herb. . 
Voucher: Guette & L&oacute;pez 83 (LZ)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Madre de Dios.


$


 Setaria purpurea (Ruiz & Pav.) P. Beauv.



Setaria purpurea (Ruiz & Pav.) P. Beauv.

Synonyms: Setaria purpurea Ruiz & Pav.


$


 Setaria rariflora Mikan ex Trin.


Setaria rariflora Mikan ex Trin. = Setaria setosa (Sw.) P. Beauv.

Reference: Renvoize, S. A., 1984: 103; Tovar, O., 1986: 56. 


$


 Setaria scandens Schrad. ex Schult.



Setaria scandens Schrad. ex Schult.

Synonyms: Setaria scandens (Schrad. ex Schult.) Scribn.
Reference: Flora Peru: 719: 238. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I: disturbed areas. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 22597 (MO!)
Departments: Lambayeque.


$


 Setaria setosa (Sw.) P. Beauv.



Setaria setosa (Sw.) P. Beauv.

Synonyms: Setaria setosa Mikan ex Trin., Setaria setosa Sw.
Reference: Judziewicz, E. J., 1990[1991]: 592. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II: rocky slopes. 500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Tovar 5723 (USM!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cajamarca.


$


 Setaria tenacissima Schrad.



Setaria tenacissima Schrad.

Synonyms: Setaria tenacissima (Schrad.) Hitchc. & Chase
Reference: Flora Peru: 719: 239; Rominger, J. M. , 1962: 72. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   A single collection, without locality data, is listed in the Flora of Peru. 


$


 Setaria tenax (Rich.) Desv.



Setaria tenax (Rich.) Desv.

Synonyms: Setaria tenax Rich.
Reference: Pohl, R. W., 1980: 532; Tovar, O., 1981: 112. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Llatas 2171 (F!)
Departments: Amazonas, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Lambayeque.


$


 Setaria tenella Desv.


Setaria tenella Desv. = Setaria parviflora (Poir.) Kergu&eacute;len

Reference: Chase, A. & C. D. Niles, 1962: 306. 


$


 Setaria verticillata (L.) P. Beauv.



Setaria verticillata (L.) P. Beauv.

Synonyms: Setaria verticillata (L.) Scribn., Setaria verticillata L.
Reference: Flora Peru: 719: 239; Rominger, J. M. , 1962: 88. 
Ecology: Introduced herb. Amazonian, Coastal: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui 7616 (F!)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, Lima, La Libertad.


$


 Setaria vulpiseta (Lam.) Roem. & Schult.



Setaria vulpiseta (Lam.) Roem. & Schult.

Synonyms: Setaria vulpiseta (Lam.) Hitchc. & Chase, Setaria vulpiseta Lam.
Reference: Flora Peru: 719: 239; Rominger, J. M. , 1962: 39. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 2873 (F!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Setcreasea pallida Rose


Setcreasea pallida Rose = Tradescantia pallida (Rose) D. Hunt

$


 Seticereus chlorocarpus (Kunth) Backeb.


Seticereus chlorocarpus (Kunth) Backeb. = Browningia chlorocarpa (Kunth) W.T. Marshall

Reference: Rauh, W., 1958: 326; Hunt, D., 1992: 131. 


$


 Seticereus humboldtii (Kunth) Backeb.


Seticereus humboldtii (Kunth) Backeb. = Cleistocactus icosagonus (Kunth) A. Weber

Reference: Rauh, W., 1958: 324; Madsen, J. E., 1989: 16; Hunt, D., 1992: 131. 


$


 Seticereus icosagonus (Kunth) Backeb.


Seticereus icosagonus (Kunth) Backeb. = Cleistocactus icosagonus (Kunth) A. Weber

Reference: Rauh, W., 1958: 324; Madsen, J. E., 1989: 16; Hunt, D., 1992: 131. 


$


 Seticereus icosagonus var. aurantiaciflorus Backeb.


Seticereus icosagonus var. aurantiaciflorus Backeb. = Cleistocactus icosagonus (Kunth) A. Weber

Reference: Madsen, J. E., 1989: 17. 


$


 Seticereus icosagonus var. ferruginea (Backeb.) Backeb.


Seticereus icosagonus var. ferruginea (Backeb.) Backeb. = Cleistocactus icosagonus (Kunth) A. Weber

Reference: Madsen, J. E., 1989: 17. 


$


 Seticereus icosagonus var. oehmeanus (Backeb.) Backeb.


Seticereus icosagonus var. oehmeanus (Backeb.) Backeb. = Cleistocactus icosagonus (Kunth) A. Weber

Reference: Madsen, J. E., 1989: 17. 


$


 Seticereus oehmianus Backeb.


Seticereus oehmianus Backeb. = Cleistocactus icosagonus (Kunth) A. Weber

Reference: Rauh, W., 1958: 324; Madsen, J. E., 1989: 17. 


$


 Seticereus oehmianus var. ferrugineus Backeb.


Seticereus oehmianus var. ferrugineus Backeb. = Cleistocactus icosagonus (Kunth) A. Weber

Reference: Rauh, W., 1958: 324; Madsen, J. E., 1989: 17. 


$


 Seticereus roezlii (F. Haage ex Schumann) Backeb.


Seticereus roezlii (F. Haage ex Schumann) Backeb. = Cleistocactus roezlii (F. Haage ex Schumann) Backeb.

Reference: Rauh, W., 1958: 326; Hunt, D., 1992: 131. 


$


 Sherardia arvensis L.



Sherardia arvensis L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 254. 
Ecology: Cultivated herb. Andean II: disturbed areas. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 21997 (F!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Shuttleworthia berterii Meisner


Shuttleworthia berterii Meisner = Verbena berterii fo. berterii 

Reference: FP 1286: 616; Moldenke, H. N., 1962: 202. 


$


 Shuttleworthia ruiziana Walpers


Shuttleworthia ruiziana Walpers = Verbena clavata var. clavata 

Reference: Moldenke, H. N., 1963: 31. 


$


 Siagonanthus multicaulis Poepp. & Endl.


Siagonanthus multicaulis Poepp. & Endl. = Maxillaria multicaulis (Poeppig & Endlicher) C. Schweinf.

Reference: FP 1473: 717; Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Sibthorpia pichinchensis Kunth


Sibthorpia pichinchensis Kunth = Sibthorpia rotundifolia fo. rotundifolia 

Reference: FP 1361: 705. 


$


 Sibthorpia repens (Mutis ex L.) Kuntze


Sibthorpia repens (Mutis ex L.) Kuntze = Sibthorpia rotundifolia fo. rotundifolia 

Reference: FP 1361: 706. 


$


 Sibthorpia rotundifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Edwin



Sibthorpia rotundifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Edwin

$


 Sibthorpia rotundifolia fo.alba Edwin



Sibthorpia rotundifolia fo. alba Edwin

Reference: Flora Peru: 1361: 705. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Sibthorpia rotundifolia fo.rotundifolia



Sibthorpia rotundifolia fo. rotundifolia 

Synonyms: Sibthorpia rotundifolia rotundifolia (Mutis ex L.) Kuntze, Sibthorpia rotundifolia rotundifolia Kunth, Sibthorpia rotundifolia rotundifolia Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1361: 705. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: forests, rocky slopes, shrublands. 2500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 1717 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Sicana odorifera (Vell.) Naudin



Sicana odorifera (Vell.) Naudin

Synonyms: Sicana odorifera Hassk., Sicana odorifera Vell.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1379: 362; Jeffrey, C., 1978: 367. 
Ecology: Cultivated vine. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA photo F!), Schunke 3884 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Lima, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Sickingia cordifolia Hook. f.


Sickingia cordifolia Hook. f. = Simira cordifolia (Hook. f.) Steyerm.

Reference: Standley, P. C., 1930: 27. 


$


 Sickingia hadrantha Standl.


Sickingia hadrantha Standl. = Simira hadrantha (Standl.) Steyerm.

Reference: Standley, P. C., 1940: 57; Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 306. 


$


 Sickingia japurensis Schumann


Sickingia japurensis Schumann = Simira rubescens (Benth.) Bremek. ex Steyerm.

Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 350. 


$


 Sickingia myriantha Standl.


Sickingia myriantha Standl. = Simira myriantha (Standl.) Steyerm.

Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 345. 


$


 Sickingia pisoniiformis Baill.


Sickingia pisoniiformis Baill. = Simira pisoniiformis (Baill.) Steyerm.

Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 343. 


$


 Sickingia tinctoria (Kunth) Schumann


Sickingia tinctoria (Kunth) Schumann = Simira rubescens (Benth.) Bremek. ex Steyerm.

Reference: FP 1365: 63; Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 350. 


$


 Sickingia williamsii Standl.


Sickingia williamsii Standl. = Simira williamsii (Standl.) Steyerm.

Reference: FP 1365: 64; Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 307. 


$


 Sickingia xanthostema Schumann


Sickingia xanthostema Schumann = Simira rubescens (Benth.) Bremek. ex Steyerm.

Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 350. 


$


 Sicydium diffusum Cogn.



Sicydium diffusum Cogn.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1379: 332. 
Ecology: Native vine. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: D&iacute;az 2508 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sicydium gracile Cogn.



Sicydium gracile Cogn.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1379: 332. 
Ecology: Native vine. Amazonian: riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Tessmann 4264 (B)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Sicydium tamnifolium (Kunth) Cogn.



Sicydium tamnifolium (Kunth) Cogn.

Synonyms: Sicydium tamnifolium Kunth
Reference: Flora Peru: 1379: 332. 
Ecology: Native vine. . 
Voucher: Tessmann 5159 (B)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Sicyomorpha nervosa Miers


Sicyomorpha nervosa Miers = Pristimera nervosa (Miers) A.C. Sm.

Reference: FP 689: 218. 


$


 Sicyomorpha peruviana Miers


Sicyomorpha peruviana Miers = Peritassa peruviana (Miers) A.C. Sm.

Reference: FP 689: 207. 


$


 Sicyos acarieanthus Harms



Sicyos acarieanthus Harms

Reference: Flora Peru: 1379: 336. 
Ecology: Endemic vine. Andean I: shrublands. 1000-1500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 6420* (B photo F!)
Departments: Piura.


$


 Sicyos baderoa Hook. & Arn.



Sicyos baderoa Hook. & Arn.

Synonyms: Sicyos baderoa Moris
Reference: Flora Peru: 1379: 336. 
Ecology: Native vine. Amazonian, Andean I-III: disturbed areas, lomas. 0-4000 m. 
Voucher: Solomon 15926 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Arequipa, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Lima, La Libertad, Moquegua, Tumbes.


$


 Sicyos bryoniifolius Moris


Sicyos bryoniifolius Moris = Sicyos baderoa Hook. & Arn.

Reference: FP 1379: 336. 


$


 Sicyos chaetocephalus Harms



Sicyos chaetocephalus Harms

Reference: Flora Peru: 1379: 337. 
Ecology: Endemic vine. Coastal: disturbed areas. 0-1000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 5971* (B)
Departments: Piura.


$


 Sicyos gracillimus Cogn.



Sicyos gracillimus Cogn.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1379: 337. 
Ecology: Endemic vine. Coastal: lomas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Wawra 2640* (W photo F), Ferreyra 8762 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Lima.


$


 Sicyos kunthii Cogn.



Sicyos kunthii Cogn.

Synonyms: Sicyos kunthii Kunth
Reference: Flora Peru: 1379: 338; Martinez C., R., 1964: 351. 
Ecology: Native vine. . 
Voucher: Nation 180 
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Cuzco, Lima, Loreto.


$


 Sicyos laevis A. Gray



Sicyos laevis A. Gray

Reference: Flora Peru: 1379: 338. 
Ecology: Native vine. Andean II: forests. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Wilkes Exped. s.n.* (US)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Sicyos longisetosus Cogn.



Sicyos longisetosus Cogn.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1379: 337; Jeffrey, C., 1978: 375. 
Ecology. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 12400 (MO!)
Departments: Lambayeque, Piura.


$


 Sicyos macrocarpus Cogn.



Sicyos macrocarpus Cogn.

Reference: Jeffrey, C., 1978: 366. 
Ecology: Native vine. Andean I, Coastal: riversides. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: D&iacute;az 2327 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Piura, Tumbes.


$


 Sicyos malvifolius Griseb.



Sicyos malvifolius Griseb.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1379: 338; Martinez C., R., 1964: 341. 
Ecology: Native vine. Andean II: disturbed areas. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 34253 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Sicyos montanus Poepp. & Endl.



Sicyos montanus Poepp. & Endl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1379: 339; Jeffrey, C., 1978: 366. 
Ecology: Native vine. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 1698* (B photo F!), Berlin 1807A (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Sicyos parviflorus Kunth


Sicyos parviflorus Kunth = Sicyos kunthii Cogn.

Reference: FP 1379: 338. 


$


 Sicyos subcorymbosus Cogn.



Sicyos subcorymbosus Cogn.

Reference: Jeffrey, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native vine. Andean I: shrublands. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Stork 11411 (K!)
Departments: Piura.


$


 Sicyos trigeminus Rusby



Sicyos trigeminus Rusby

Reference: Flora Peru: 1379: 339; Jeffrey, C., 1978: 366. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 6385 (B)
Departments: Piura.


$


 Sicyos urolobus Harms



Sicyos urolobus Harms

Reference: Flora Peru: 1379: 339. 
Ecology: Endemic vine. Andean II: disturbed areas. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 7564* (B), Macbride 4190 (F)
Departments: Ayacucho, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Sicyos vargasii Standl. & F.A. Barkley



Sicyos vargasii Standl. & F.A. Barkley

Reference: Standley, P. C. & F. A. Barkley, 1947: 82. 
Ecology: Endemic vine. Andean I: rocky slopes. 1000-1500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Vargas 11025* (F)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Sicyos weberbaueri Harms



Sicyos weberbaueri Harms

Reference: Flora Peru: 1379: 340. 
Ecology: Endemic vine. Amazonian: riversides. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 7094* (B photo F!)
Departments: Lambayeque.


$


 Sida abutifolia Muller



Sida abutifolia Muller

Synonyms: Sida abutifolia Sw.
Reference: Fryxell, P. A., 1988: 379; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 101. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I: disturbed areas, riversides. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: L&oacute;pez & Sag&aacute;stegui 8283 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, La Libertad.


$


 Sida acaulis Cav.


Sida acaulis Cav. = Nototriche acaulis (Cav.) Krapovickas

Reference: FP 1302: 530. 


$


 Sida acuminata DC.


Sida acuminata DC. = Sidastrum multiflorum (Jacq.) Fryxell

Reference: FP 1302: 575; Fryxell, P. A., 1979: 298. 


$


 Sida acuta Burm. f.



Sida acuta Burm. f.

Synonyms: Sida acuta L. f.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1302: 575; Fryxell, P. A., 1988: 380; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 101. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Amazonian, Andean I, Coastal: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 8259 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, Piura, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Sida acuta var. hispida Schumann


Sida acuta var. hispida Schumann = Sida bakeriana Rusby ex Baker f.

Reference: FP 1302: 576; Schumann, K., 1891: 327; Krapovickas, pers. comm.. 


$


 Sida alba L.


Sida alba L. = Sida spinosa L.

Reference: FP 1302: 576; Fryxell, P. A., 1988: 407; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 112. 


$


 Sida amplissima L.


Sida amplissima L. = Wissadula amplissima (L.) R.E. Fr.

Reference: Fryxell, P. A., 1988: 451; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 132. 


$


 Sida angustifolia Lam.


Sida angustifolia Lam. = Sida spinosa L.

Reference: FP 1302: 586; Fryxell, P. A., 1988: 407; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 112. 


$


 Sida angustifolia Mill.


Sida angustifolia Mill. = Sida spinosa L.

Reference: FP 1302: 576; Fryxell, P. A., 1988: 407; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 112. 


$


 Sida anthemidifolia Remy


Sida anthemidifolia Remy = Nototriche anthemidifolia (Remy) Hill

Reference: FP 1302: 537; Hill, S. R., 1982: 373. 


$


 Sida arborea L. f.


Sida arborea L. f. = Abutilon arboreum (L. f.) Sweet

Reference: FP 1302: 492; Kearney, T. H., 1958: 214. 
Note: NN  


$


 Sida aurita Wall. ex Link


Sida aurita Wall. ex Link = Abutilon auritum (Wall. ex Link) Sweet

Reference: Adams, C., 1972: 462. 


$


 Sida bakeriana Rusby ex Baker f.



Sida bakeriana Rusby ex Baker f.

Synonyms: Sida bakeriana Schumann
Reference: Baker, J. G., 1894: 38. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Timan&aacute; & Astete 645 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Sida bastardia DC.


Sida bastardia DC. = Bastardia viscosa (L.) Kunth

Reference: Fryxell, P. A., 1988: 117. 


$


 Sida bivalvis Cav.


Sida bivalvis Cav. = Bastardia bivalvis (Cav.) Kunth

Reference: FP 1302: 590; Fryxell, P. A., 1988: 116; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 27. 


$


 Sida borussica Meyen


Sida borussica Meyen = Nototriche borussica (Meyen) Hill

Reference: FP 1302: 541; Hill, S. R., 1982: 375. 


$


 Sida calyptrata Cav.


Sida calyptrata Cav. = Gaya calyptrata (Cav.) Kunth & Schum.

Reference: FP 1302: 568; Fryxell, P. A., 1988: 156; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 36. 


$


 Sida campestris Benth.


Sida campestris Benth. = Sida salviifolia C. Presl

Reference: FP 1302: 585; Fryxell, P. A., 1985: 80; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 109. 


$


 Sida capitata L.


Sida capitata L. = Malachra capitata (L.) L.

Reference: Fryxell, P. A., 1988: 265. 
Note: NN  


$


 Sida carpinifolia L. f.


Sida carpinifolia L. f. = Sida acuta Burm. f.

Reference: FP 1302: 575; Fryxell, P. A., 1988: 380; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 101. 


$


 Sida chachapoyensis Baker


Sida chachapoyensis Baker = Tetrasida chachapoyensis (Baker) Fryxell & Fuertes

Reference: FP 1302: 576; Krapovickas, A., 1969: 34; Fryxell, P. A. & J. Fuertes, 1992: 444. 


$


 Sida ciliaris L.



Sida ciliaris L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1302: 577; Fryxell, P. A., 1988: 385; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 102. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Amazonian, Coastal: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Llatas 600 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Lambayeque, Tumbes.


$


 Sida circinnata Willd. ex Spreng.


Sida circinnata Willd. ex Spreng. = Bastardia viscosa (L.) Kunth

Reference: Fryxell, P. A., 1988: 118; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 29. 


$


 Sida cistiflora L'Heritier


Sida cistiflora L'Heritier = Abutilon mollissimum (Cav.) Sweet

Reference: FP 1302: 498; Kearney, T. H., 1958: 214; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 15. 


$


 Sida contracta Link


Sida contracta Link = Wissadula contracta (Link) R.E. Fr.

Reference: Fryxell, P. A., 1988: 453. 


$


 Sida cordata (Burm. f.) Bors. Waalk.



Sida cordata (Burm. f.) Bors. Waalk.

Synonyms: Sida cordata Burm. f., Sida cordata Lam.
Reference: Fryxell, P. A., 1985: 69. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Sida cordifolia L.



Sida cordifolia L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1302: 577; Fryxell, P. A., 1988: 389; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 103. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub, subshrub. Amazonian, Andean I-II, Coastal: disturbed areas, forests, rocky slopes. 0-3000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 7120 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Loreto, Piura, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sida crispa L.


Sida crispa L. = Herissantia crispa (L.) Brizicky

Reference: FP 1302: 494; Brizicky, G. K., 1968: 279; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 44. 


$


 Sida cristata L.


Sida cristata L. = Anoda cristata (L.) Schltdl.

Reference: FP 1302: 589; Fryxell, P. A., 1987: 495; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 24. 


$


 Sida decandra R.E. Fr.



Sida decandra R.E. Fr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1302: 579; Burandt, C. L., 1992: 169; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 104. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II, Coastal: disturbed areas, forests, lomas. 1000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui & Mostacero 9118 (MO!)
Departments: Arequipa, Cajamarca, La Libertad, Piura.


$


 Sida decumbens St. Hilaire & Naudin


Sida decumbens St. Hilaire & Naudin = Sida jussieana DC.

Reference: Fryxell, P. A., 1988: 395. 


$


 Sida depressa Benth.


Sida depressa Benth. = Malvastrum tomentosum (L.) S.R. Hill subsp. tomentosum 

Reference: FP 1302: 517; Hill, S. R., 1982: 213; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 72. 


$


 Sida dictyocarpa Griseb.



Sida dictyocarpa Griseb.

Reference: Rodrigo, A., 1946: 147. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Voucher: Chanco 1984 (USM!)
Departments: Piura.


$


 Sida disticha Cav.


Sida disticha Cav. = Gaya calyptrata (Cav.) Kunth & Schum.

Reference: FP 1302: 568; 37532: 36. 


$


 Sida dombeyana DC.


Sida dombeyana DC. = Sida repens Dombey ex Cav.

Reference: FP 1302: 587; Fryxell, P. A., 1985: 71; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 108. 


$


 Sida excelsior Cav.


Sida excelsior Cav. = Wissadula excelsior (Cav.) C. Presl

Reference: FP 1302: 483; Fryxell, P. A., 1988: 454; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 134. 


$


 Sida ferruginea (Kunth) DC.


Sida ferruginea (Kunth) DC. = Wissadula ferruginea (Kunth) Garcke & Schum.

Reference: Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 134. 
Note: NN  


$


 Sida flavescens Cav.


Sida flavescens Cav. = Krapovickasia flavescens (Cav.) Fryxell

Reference: Fryxell, P. A., 1978: 456. 
Note: NN  


$


 Sida floribunda Kunth


Sida floribunda Kunth = Sidastrum paniculatum (L.) Fryxell

Reference: FP 1302: 582; Fryxell, P. A., 1978: 453; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 116. 


$


 Sida foetida Cav.


Sida foetida Cav. = Bastardia viscosa (L.) Kunth

Reference: Fryxell, P. A., 1988: 117; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 29. 


$


 Sida fruticosa Mill.


Sida fruticosa Mill. = Pavonia fruticosa (Mill.) Fawc. & Rendle

Reference: FP 1302: 462; Robyns, A., 1966: 537; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 89. 


$


 Sida gigantea Jacq.


Sida gigantea Jacq. = Abutilon giganteum (Jacq.) Sweet

Reference: FP 1302: 495; Robyns, A., 1966: 576. 


$


 Sida glomerata Cav.



Sida glomerata Cav.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1302: 578; Robyns, A., 1966: 559; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 105. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Jussieu s.n.* , Ayala 1857 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sida grandiflora Poir.


Sida grandiflora Poir. = Abutilon peruvianum (Lam.) Kearney

Reference: FP 1302: 492. 


$


 Sida grandifolia Willd.


Sida grandifolia Willd. = Abutilon grandifolium (Willd.) Sweet

Reference: Krapovickas, pers. comm.. 


$


 Sida grewiifolia (Ulbrich) Hochreutiner ex J. F. Macbride


Sida grewiifolia (Ulbrich) Hochreutiner ex J. F. Macbride = Abutilon grewiifolium (Ulbrich) Krapovickas

Reference: FP 1302: 578; Krapovickas, A., 1969: 39. 
Note: NN  


$


 Sida hernandioides L'Heritier


Sida hernandioides L'Heritier = Wissadula amplissima (L.) R.E. Fr.

Reference: FP 1302: 484; Fryxell, P. A., 1988: 451; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 132. 


$


 Sida hirta Lam.


Sida hirta Lam. = Abutilon hirtum (Lam.) Sweet

Reference: FP 1302: 496; Adams, C., 1972: 463. 


$


 Sida indica L.


Sida indica L. = Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet

Reference: FP 1302: 496; Adams, C., 1972: 463. 


$


 Sida intermedia St. Hil.


Sida intermedia St. Hil. = Krapovickasia flavescens (Cav.) Fryxell

Reference: FP 1302: 581; Fryxell, P. A., 1978: 456. 
Note: NN  


$


 Sida jamesonii Baker f.


Sida jamesonii Baker f. = Sidasodes jamesonii (Baker f. ) Fryxell & Fuertes

Reference: Fryxell, P. A. & J. Fuertes, 1992: 440. 


$


 Sida jatrophoides L'Heritier



Sida jatrophoides L'Heritier

Synonyms: Sida jatrophoides Ulbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1302: 579; Burandt, C. L., 1992: 174. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II, Coastal: lomas, rocky slopes. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Dombey s.n.* (P, B photo F!), Weberbauer 7427 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, Ica, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, La Libertad, Moquegua, Piura, Tacna.


$


 Sida jussieana DC.



Sida jussieana DC.

Synonyms: Sida jussieana St. Hilaire & Naudin
Reference: Fryxell, P. A., 1988: 395. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Jussieu s.n.* (P-JU), Ferreyra et al. 10675 (USM!)
Departments: Tumbes.


$


 Sida kohautiana C. Presl


Sida kohautiana C. Presl = Sida setosa C. Mart. ex Colla

Reference: Fryxell, P. A., 1985: 89; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 110. 


$


 Sida leprosa (Ortega) Schumann


Sida leprosa (Ortega) Schumann = Malvella leprosa (Ortega) Krapovickas

Reference: Fryxell, P. A., 1988: 300. 


$


 Sida limensis R.E. Fr.



Sida limensis R.E. Fr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1302: 590. 
Ecology: Endemic herb, shrub. Amazonian, Andean I, Coastal: forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Asplund 1102* , Cerrate & Ferreyra 4997 (USM!)
Departments: Amazonas, Lambayeque, Lima.


$


 Sida linearifolia St. Hilaire



Sida linearifolia St. Hilaire

Reference: Robyns, A., 1966: 564. 
Ecology. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 15524 (USM!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sida linifolia Jussieu ex Cavanilles



Sida linifolia Jussieu ex Cavanilles

Reference: Flora Peru: 1302: 580; Fryxell, P. A., 1988: 398. 
Ecology: Native herb, subshrub. Amazonian: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Jussieu s.n.* (P-JU), Plowman 6025 (USM!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sida lomageiton Ulbrich


Sida lomageiton Ulbrich = Sida oligandra Schumann

Reference: FP 1302: 580; Burandt, C. L., 1992: 165. 


$


 Sida lomana F. Bruns


Sida lomana F. Bruns = Sida oligandra Schumann

Reference: FP 1302: 580; Burandt, C. L., 1992: 165. 


$


 Sida macrodon DC.


Sida macrodon DC. = Krapovickasia macrodon (DC.) Fryxell

Reference: FP 1302: 581; Fryxell, P. A., 1978: 456. 
Note: NN  


$


 Sida mathewsii Turcz.


Sida mathewsii Turcz. = Melochia pyramidata var. pyramidata 

Reference: FP 1304: 628; Fryxell, P. A. & A. Krapovickas, 1990: 180. 


$


 Sida mollis Ortega


Sida mollis Ortega = Abutilon grandifolium (Willd.) Sweet

Reference: FP 1302: 492; Kearney, T. H., 1958: 215. 


$


 Sida mollissima Cav.


Sida mollissima Cav. = Abutilon mollissimum (Cav.) Sweet

Reference: FP 1302: 498; Kearney, T. H., 1958: 214. 


$


 Sida multiflora Jacq.


Sida multiflora Jacq. = Sidastrum multiflorum (Jacq.) Fryxell

Reference: Fryxell, P. A., 1979: 298. 


$


 Sida myriantha Planchon & Linden ex Triana & Planchon


Sida myriantha Planchon & Linden ex Triana & Planchon = Abutilon myrianthum (Planchon & Linden ex Triana & Planchon) Krapov.

Reference: Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 30. 


$


 Sida nubigena Walpers


Sida nubigena Walpers = Acaulimalva nubigena (Walpers) Krapovickas

Reference: FP 1302: 521; Krapovickas, A., 1974: 22. 


$


 Sida nudiflora L'H&eacute;r.


Sida nudiflora L'H&eacute;r. = Wissadula stellata (Cav.) Schum.

Reference: FP 1302: 486; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 137. 


$


 Sida nutans L'Heritier


Sida nutans L'Heritier = Gaya calyptrata (Cav.) Kunth & Schum.

Reference: FP 1302: 568; Fryxell, P. A., 1988: 156; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 36. 


$


 Sida oligandra Schumann



Sida oligandra Schumann

Synonyms: Sida oligandra F. Bruns, Sida oligandra R.E. Fr., Sida oligandra Ulbrich
Reference: Flora Peru: 1302: 582; Burandt, C. L., 1992: 165. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Andean I-II, Coastal: disturbed areas, lomas, rocky slopes. 0-3000 m. 
Voucher: Burandt 2385 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Lima, La Libertad.


$


 Sida ovalis Kosteletzky



Sida ovalis Kosteletzky

$


 Sida palmata Cav.



Sida palmata Cav.

Synonyms: Sida palmata L'Heritier
Reference: Flora Peru: 1302: 582; Burandt, C. L., 1992: 171. 
Ecology: Native herb, subshrub. Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests, riversides, rocky slopes. 500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui & L&oacute;pez 10527 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Lambayeque, La Libertad, Piura.


$


 Sida paniculata L.


Sida paniculata L. = Sidastrum paniculatum (L.) Fryxell

Reference: FP 1302: 582; Fryxell, P. A., 1978: 453; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 116. 


$


 Sida paniculata var. rufescens Baker f.


Sida paniculata var. rufescens Baker f. = Sidastrum paniculatum (L.) Fryxell

Reference: FP 1302: 583; Fryxell, P. A., 1978: 453. 


$


 Sida parnassiaefolia Hooker


Sida parnassiaefolia Hooker = Acaulimalva parnassiaefolia (Hooker) Krapov.

Reference: FP 1302: 522; Krapovickas, A., 1974: 25; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 21. 


$


 Sida patuliloba R.E. Fr.


Sida patuliloba R.E. Fr. = Sida oligandra Schumann

Reference: FP 1302: 583; Burandt, C. L., 1992: 165. 


$


 Sida pediculariifolia Meyen


Sida pediculariifolia Meyen = Nototriche pediculariifolia (Meyen) A.W. Hill

Reference: FP 1302: 558; Hill, S. R., 1982: 398. 


$


 Sida peduncularis (Kunth) DC.


Sida peduncularis (Kunth) DC. = Abutilon pedunculare Kunth

Reference: FP 1302: 499; Burandt, C. L. & P. A. Fryxell, 1990: 51. 


$


 Sida periplocifolia Presl


Sida periplocifolia Presl = Wissadula periplocifolia (Presl) C. Presl

Reference: FP 1302: 487; Fryxell, P. A., 1988: 454. 


$


 Sida periplocifolia var. peruviana DC.


Sida periplocifolia var. peruviana DC. = Wissadula periplocifolia (Presl) C. Presl

Reference: Candolle, A. P. de, 1824: 468. 


$


 Sida peruviana Lam.


Sida peruviana Lam. = Abutilon peruvianum (Lam.) Kearney

Reference: FP 1302: 492; Kearney, T. H., 1958: 214. 


$


 Sida phyllanthos Cav.


Sida phyllanthos Cav. = Nototriche phyllanthos (Cav.) A.W. Hill

Reference: FP 1302: 559; Hill, S. R., 1982: 399; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 83. 


$


 Sida physaloides Presl


Sida physaloides Presl = Krapovickasia physaloides (Presl) Fryxell

Reference: FP 1302: 581; Fryxell, P. A., 1978: 457. 


$


 Sida pichinchensis Humb. & Bonpl.


Sida pichinchensis Humb. & Bonpl. = Nototriche phyllanthos (Cav.) A.W. Hill

Reference: FP 1302: 559; Hill, S. R., 1982: 400; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 83. 


$


 Sida pilosa Mill.


Sida pilosa Mill. = Melochia pilosa (Mill.) Fawc. & Rendle

Reference: FP 1304: 627; Goldberg, A., 1967: 241. 
Note: Syn. of Melochia pilosa (Sterculiaceae)  


$


 Sida pinnata Cav.


Sida pinnata Cav. = Nototriche pinnata (Cav.) Hill

Reference: Krapovickas, A., 1973: 286. 


$


 Sida poeppigiana (Schumann) Fryxell



Sida poeppigiana (Schumann) Fryxell

Synonyms: Sida poeppigiana Schumann
Reference: Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 106. 
Ecology. 0-3000 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 45* (G!), S&aacute;nchez 1562 (CPUN)
Departments: Cajamarca, Cuzco.


$


 Sida pohliana C. Presl


Sida pohliana C. Presl = Sida setosa C. Mart. ex Colla

Reference: Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 110. 


$


 Sida procumbens Sw.


Sida procumbens Sw. = Sida abutifolia Muller

Reference: Fryxell, P. A., 1988: 379; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 101. 


$


 Sida pseudo-urens Baker


Sida pseudo-urens Baker = Sida urens L.

Reference: FP 1302: 586; Fryxell, P. A., 1988: 410. 


$


 Sida pulverulenta (Ulbrich) Kearney


Sida pulverulenta (Ulbrich) Kearney = Sidasodes jamesonii (Baker f. ) Fryxell & Fuertes

Reference: Kearney, T. H., 1958: 212; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 115. 


$


 Sida pygmaea Remy


Sida pygmaea Remy = Nototriche pygmaea (Remy) Hill

Reference: FP 1302: 561; Hill, S. R., 1982: 401. 


$


 Sida radiata L.


Sida radiata L. = Malachra radiata (L.) L.

Reference: Fryxell, P. A., 1988: 269. 


$


 Sida reflexa Juss.


Sida reflexa Juss. = ?  

Reference: FP 1302: 501; Burandt, C. L. & P. A. Fryxell, 1990: 54. 


$


 Sida reflexa Lam.


Sida reflexa Lam. = Abutilon reflexum (Lam.) Sweet

Reference: FP 1302: 501; Burandt, C. L. & P. A. Fryxell, 1990: 54; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 17. 


$


 Sida repens Dombey ex Cav.



Sida repens Dombey ex Cav.

Synonyms: Sida repens (DC.) Baker, Sida repens DC.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1302: 587; Fryxell, P. A., 1985: 71. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Dombey s.n.* (P-JU, MA), Sag&aacute;stegui et al. 7908 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Lima.


$


 Sida retrorsa L'Heritier


Sida retrorsa L'Heritier = Abutilon reflexum (Lam.) Sweet

Reference: FP 1302: 501; Burandt, C. L. & P. A. Fryxell, 1990: 54; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 17. 


$


 Sida rhombifolia L.



Sida rhombifolia L.

Synonyms: Sida rhombifolia (Klotzsch) Schumann
Reference: Flora Peru: 1302: 584; Fryxell, P. A., 1988: 403; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 109. 
Ecology: Native herb, subshrub. Amazonian, Andean I-III: disturbed areas, dry valleys, forests, grasslands, riversides, rocky slopes. 0-4500 m. 
Voucher: Smith et al. 1418 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lambayeque, Lima, La Libertad, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, Piura, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n, Tumbes, Ucayali.


$


 Sida rhombifolia var. guazumifolia (Klotzsch) Schumann


Sida rhombifolia var. guazumifolia (Klotzsch) Schumann = Sida rhombifolia L.

Reference: FP 1302: 584. 


$


 Sida rhombifolia var. poeppigiana Schumann


Sida rhombifolia var. poeppigiana Schumann = Sida poeppigiana (Schumann) Fryxell

Reference: FP 1302: 584; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 106. 


$


 Sida rhombifolia var. pohliana (C. Presl) Baker f.


Sida rhombifolia var. pohliana (C. Presl) Baker f. = Sida setosa C. Mart. ex Colla

Reference: Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 110. 


$


 Sida rhombifolia var. surinamensis K. Sch.


Sida rhombifolia var. surinamensis K. Sch. = Sida setosa C. Mart. ex Colla

Reference: FP 1302: 584; Krapovickas, pers. comm.. 


$


 Sida ricinoides L'Heritier


Sida ricinoides L'Heritier = Sida palmata Cav.

Reference: FP 1302: 582; Burandt, C. L., 1992: 171; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 105. 


$


 Sida ruizii Ulbrich



Sida ruizii Ulbrich

Reference: Flora Peru: 1302: 585; Kearney, T. H., 1958: 259. 
Ecology: Native herb, subshrub. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (B photo F!)


$


 Sida rupo Ulbr.


Sida rupo Ulbr. = Sida jatrophoides L'Heritier

Reference: FP 1302: 579; Burandt, C. L., 1992: 174. 


$


 Sida salviifolia C. Presl



Sida salviifolia C. Presl

Synonyms: Sida salviifolia Benth., Sida salviifolia J. T. Howell ex Kearney
Reference: Flora Peru: 1302: 585; Fryxell, P. A., 1988: 406; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 109. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Note: Spelled "salviaefolia" in the Flora of Peru. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 12323 (USM!)
Departments: Piura.


$


 Sida salviifolia var. submutica J. T. Howell ex Kearney


Sida salviifolia var. submutica J. T. Howell ex Kearney = Sida salviifolia C. Presl

Reference: FP 1302: 585; Kearney, T. H., 1958: 261; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 109. 


$


 Sida saxifraga Humb. & Bonpl.


Sida saxifraga Humb. & Bonpl. = Nototriche phyllanthos (Cav.) A.W. Hill

Reference: FP 1302: 559; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 83. 


$


 Sida setosa C. Mart. ex Colla



Sida setosa C. Mart. ex Colla

Synonyms: Sida setosa (C. Presl) Baker f., Sida setosa C. Presl, Sida setosa C. Presl, Sida setosa K. Sch., Sida setosa Miq.
Reference: Fryxell, P. A., 1985: 89; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 110. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests, riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 10279 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Sida spinosa L.



Sida spinosa L.

Synonyms: Sida spinosa (Lam.) Griseb., Sida spinosa L., Sida spinosa Lam., Sida spinosa Mill.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1302: 586; Fryxell, P. A., 1988: 407; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 112. 
Ecology: Native herb, subshrub. Amazonian, Andean I-II, Coastal: disturbed areas, lomas, rocky slopes. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Barbour 4376 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Apur&iacute;mac, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Huancavelica, Ica, Lambayeque, Lima, La Libertad, Moquegua, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sida spinosa var. angustifolia (Lam.) Griseb.


Sida spinosa var. angustifolia (Lam.) Griseb. = Sida spinosa L.

Reference: FP 1302: 586; Fryxell, P. A., 1988: 407. 


$


 Sida stellata Cav.


Sida stellata Cav. = Wissadula stellata (Cav.) Schum.

Reference: FP 1302: 486; 37532: 137. 


$


 Sida surinamensis Miq.


Sida surinamensis Miq. = Sida setosa C. Mart. ex Colla

Reference: Fryxell, P. A., 1985: 89; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 110. 


$


 Sida sylvatica Cav.


Sida sylvatica Cav. = Abutilon sylvaticum (Cav.) Schumann

Reference: FP 1302: 502. 


$


 Sida tulla Ulbr.


Sida tulla Ulbr. = Abutilon tulla (Ulbr.) Krapovickas

Reference: FP 1302: 592; Krapovickas, A., 1969: 43. 


$


 Sida umbellata L.


Sida umbellata L. = Abutilon umbellatum (L.) Sweet

Reference: FP 1302: 503. 


$


 Sida urens L.



Sida urens L.

Synonyms: Sida urens Baker
Reference: Flora Peru: 1302: 586; Fryxell, P. A., 1988: 409; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 113. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub, subshrub. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests, rocky slopes. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry 29446 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Sida veronicifolia Lam.


Sida veronicifolia Lam. = Sida cordata (Burm. f.) Bors. Waalk.

Reference: FP 1302: 587; Fryxell, P. A., 1985: 70. 
Note: NN  


$


 Sida veronicifolia var. dombeyana (DC.) Baker


Sida veronicifolia var. dombeyana (DC.) Baker = Sida repens Dombey ex Cav.

Reference: FP 1302: 587. 


$


 Sida villosa Mill.


Sida villosa Mill. = Melochia villosa var. villosa 

Reference: FP 1304: 628; , : 282; Goldberg, A., 1967: 282. 


$


 Sida virgata Cav.


Sida virgata Cav. = Abutilon virgatum (Cav.) Sweet

Reference: FP 1302: 504; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 20. 


$


 Sida viscosa L.


Sida viscosa L. = Bastardia viscosa (L.) Kunth

Reference: FP 1302: 591; Fryxell, P. A., 1988: 117; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 29. 


$


 Sida weberbaueri Ulbr.



Sida weberbaueri Ulbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1302: 588; Kearney, T. H., 1958: 264; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 114. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Andean I, Coastal: disturbed areas, forests on white sand, rocky slopes. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 5959* (F), D&iacute;az & Balde&oacute;n 2361 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Lambayeque, La Libertad, Piura, Tumbes.


$


 Sidalcea nodosa Turcz.


Sidalcea nodosa Turcz. = Palaua moschata Cav.

Reference: Krapovickas, A., 1969: 10; Fryxell, P. A. & A. Krapovickas, 1990: 181. 


$


 Sidalcea peruviana Turcz.


Sidalcea peruviana Turcz. = Palaua rhombifolia R. Graham

Reference: Krapovickas, A., 1969: 10; Fryxell, P. A. & A. Krapovickas, 1990: 181. 


$


 Sidasodes jamesonii (Baker f. ) Fryxell & Fuertes



Sidasodes jamesonii (Baker f. ) Fryxell & Fuertes

Synonyms: Sidasodes jamesonii (Ulbrich) Kearney, Sidasodes jamesonii Baker f., Sidasodes jamesonii Ulbrich
Reference: Fryxell, P. A. & J. Fuertes, 1992: 440. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui et al. 9647 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Tumbes.


$


 Sidastrum acuminatum (DC.) Fryxell


Sidastrum acuminatum (DC.) Fryxell = Sidastrum multiflorum (Jacq.) Fryxell

Reference: Fryxell, P. A., 1979: 298. 


$


 Sidastrum multiflorum (Jacq.) Fryxell



Sidastrum multiflorum (Jacq.) Fryxell

Synonyms: Sidastrum multiflorum (DC.) Fryxell, Sidastrum multiflorum DC., Sidastrum multiflorum Jacq.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1302: 575; Fryxell, P. A., 1979: 298. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   Probably only a casual introduction.  


$


 Sidastrum paniculatum (L.) Fryxell



Sidastrum paniculatum (L.) Fryxell

Synonyms: Sidastrum paniculatum Baker f., Sidastrum paniculatum Kunth, Sidastrum paniculatum L.
Reference: Fryxell, P. A., 1978: 453; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 116. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Andean I-II, Coastal: disturbed areas, dry valleys, forests, rocky slopes. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Mexia 8049 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Ica, Lambayeque, Lima, La Libertad, Piura.


$


 Sideroxylon bangii Rusby


Sideroxylon bangii Rusby = Pouteria bangii (Rusby) T.D. Penn.

Reference: Pennington, T. D., 1990: 288. 


$


 Sideroxylon cuspidatum A.DC.


Sideroxylon cuspidatum A.DC. = Pouteria cuspidata Baehni subsp. cuspidata 

Reference: Pennington, T. D., 1990: 350. 


$


 Sideroxylon cylindrocarpon Poepp.


Sideroxylon cylindrocarpon Poepp. = Micropholis cylindrocarpa (Poepp.) Pierre

Reference: FP 1297: 158; Pennington, T. D., 1990: 211. 


$


 Sideroxylon egense A. DC.


Sideroxylon egense A. DC. = Micropholis egensis (A. DC.) Pierre

Reference: Pennington, T. D., 1990: 187. 


$


 Sideroxylon elegans A. DC.


Sideroxylon elegans A. DC. = Pouteria elegans (A. DC.) Baehni

Reference: Pennington, T. D., 1990: 346. 


$


 Sideroxylon guyanense A. DC.


Sideroxylon guyanense A. DC. = Micropholis guyanensis (A. DC.) Pierre subsp. guyanensis 

Reference: Pennington, T. D., 1990: 177. 


$


 Sideroxylon manglillo Lam.


Sideroxylon manglillo Lam. = Myrsine manglilla (Lam.) R. Br.

Reference: FP 1335: 171; Mez, C., 1902: 383; Pipoly, pers. comm.. 


$


 Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Roem. & Schult.) T.D. Penn.



Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Roem. & Schult.) T.D. Penn.

$


 Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Roem. & Schult.) T.D. Penn. subsp.obtusifolium



Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Roem. & Schult.) T.D. Penn. subsp. obtusifolium 

Synonyms: Sideroxylon obtusifolium obtusifolium Roem. & Schult.
Reference: Pennington, T. D., 1990: 114. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 5423 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca.


$


 Sideroxylon quinilla Standl. ex L.O. Williams


Sideroxylon quinilla Standl. ex L.O. Williams = Micropholis egensis (A. DC.) Pierre

Reference: FP 1297: 166. 


$


 Sideroxylon robustum Mart. & Eichler


Sideroxylon robustum Mart. & Eichler = Pouteria cuspidata subsp. robusta (Mart. & Eichler) T.D. Penn.

Reference: Pennington, T. D., 1990: 351. 


$


 Sideroxylon ulei Krause


Sideroxylon ulei Krause = Micropholis egensis (A. DC.) Pierre

Reference: FP 1297: 166; Pennington, T. D., 1990: 187. 


$


 Sideroxylon venulosum C. Martius & Eichler


Sideroxylon venulosum C. Martius & Eichler = Micropholis venulosa (C. Martius & Eichler) Pierre

Reference: FP 1297: 168; Pennington, T. D., 1990: 196. 


$


 Sideroxylon williamsii Baehni


Sideroxylon williamsii Baehni = Micropholis guyanensis (A. DC.) Pierre subsp. guyanensis 

Reference: FP 1297: 150; Pennington, T. D., 1990: 177. 


$


 Siegesbeckia agrestis Poepp.



Siegesbeckia agrestis Poepp.

$


 Siegesbeckia cordifolia Kunth



Siegesbeckia cordifolia Kunth

$


 Siegesbeckia flosculosa L'Herit.



Siegesbeckia flosculosa L'Herit.

$


 Siegesbeckia jorullensis Kunth



Siegesbeckia jorullensis Kunth

$


 Siegesbeckia orientalis L.



Siegesbeckia orientalis L.

$


 Siegesbeckia serrata DC.



Siegesbeckia serrata DC.

$


 Sievekingia peruviana Rolfe


Sievekingia peruviana Rolfe = Sievekingia peruviana Rolfe ex C. Schweinf.

Reference: FP 1473: 598; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Sievekingia peruviana Rolfe ex C. Schweinf.



Sievekingia peruviana Rolfe ex C. Schweinf.

Synonyms: Sievekingia peruviana Rolfe
Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 598; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 554* 
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Sigmatostalix amazonica Schltr.



Sigmatostalix amazonica Schltr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1484: 916; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry & Daly 18327 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Sigmatostalix aurosanguinea Rchb. f.


Sigmatostalix aurosanguinea Rchb. f. = Sigmatostalix graminea (Poepp. & Endl.) Rchb. f.

Reference: FP 1484: 917; Christenson, pers. comm.; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Sigmatostalix bicallosa Garay



Sigmatostalix bicallosa Garay

Reference: Flora Peru: 1484: 917; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Koehler s.n.* 
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Sigmatostalix bicornuta Rolfe


Sigmatostalix bicornuta Rolfe = Sigmatostalix graminea (Poepp. & Endl.) Rchb. f.

Reference: FP 1484: 921; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Sigmatostalix buchtienii Kraenzl.



Sigmatostalix buchtienii Kraenzl.

Reference: Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 171. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 526* , Bennett 4229 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Sigmatostalix crescentilabia C. Schweinf.



Sigmatostalix crescentilabia C. Schweinf.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1484: 918; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Without collector*  
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Sigmatostalix eliae Rolfe



Sigmatostalix eliae Rolfe

Reference: Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 172. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Arias 3620 (MO)
Departments: Amazonas, Pasco.


$


 Sigmatostalix graminea (Poepp. & Endl.) Rchb. f.



Sigmatostalix graminea (Poepp. & Endl.) Rchb. f.

Synonyms: Sigmatostalix graminea (Rolfe) Schltr., Sigmatostalix graminea (Schltr.) Schltr., Sigmatostalix graminea Poepp. & Endl., Sigmatostalix graminea Rchb. f., Sigmatostalix graminea Rolfe, Sigmatostalix graminea Rolfe, Sigmatostalix graminea Schltr., Sigmatostalix graminea Schltr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1484: 920; 1510: 77; Christenson, pers. comm.; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean II: forests. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 9323 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Sigmatostalix huebneri Mansf.



Sigmatostalix huebneri Mansf.

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Sigmatostalix peruviana Rolfe


Sigmatostalix peruviana Rolfe = Sigmatostalix graminea (Poepp. & Endl.) Rchb. f.

Reference: FP 1484: 920; 1510: 77; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Sigmatostalix pusilla Schltr.


Sigmatostalix pusilla Schltr. = Sigmatostalix graminea (Poepp. & Endl.) Rchb. f.

Reference: FP 1484: 920; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Silene andicola Gillies ex Hooker & Arnott



Silene andicola Gillies ex Hooker & Arnott

Synonyms: Silene andicola (Gillies ex Hooker & Arnott) Britton, Silene andicola (Gillies ex Hooker & Arnott) Rohrbach
Reference: Flora Peru: 1267: 635; Bocquet, G., 1969: 234. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   Bocquet (1969) considers this species as from Chile and Argentina only.  


$


 Silene antirrhina L.



Silene antirrhina L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1267: 635. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Silene chilensis (C. Gay) Bocquet



Silene chilensis (C. Gay) Bocquet

Synonyms: Silene chilensis (C. Gay) Rohrbach, Silene chilensis C. Gay
Reference: Bocquet, G., 1969: 238. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   Bocquet (1969) gives its range as Argentina and Chile.  Collections cited in the Flora of Peru are treated under S. genovevae. 


$


 Silene gallica L.



Silene gallica L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1267: 636; Cano, A. & N. Valencia, 1991: 60. 
Ecology: Introduced herb. Andean I-III, Coastal: disturbed areas. 0-4000 m. 
Voucher: Stork & Horton 10308 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, La Libertad.


$


 Silene genovevae Bocquet



Silene genovevae Bocquet

Reference: Bocquet, G., 1969: 214. 
Ecology: Native herb, subshrub. Andean II-III: grasslands, rocky slopes. 2500- > 4500 m. 
Note: Peruvian collections of this species were cited under "S. chilensis in the Flora of Peru. 
Voucher: Smith 11511 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima.


$


 Silene mandonii (Rohrbach) Bocquet



Silene mandonii (Rohrbach) Bocquet

Synonyms: Silene mandonii Rohrbach
Reference: Bocquet, G., 1969: 208. 
Ecology: Native subshrub. Andean III: grasslands, rocky slopes.  > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 834 (US)
Departments: Ancash, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Silene muschleri Bocquet



Silene muschleri Bocquet

Synonyms: Silene muschleri Muschl.
Reference: Bocquet, G., 1969: 260. 
Ecology: Endemic subshrub. Andean II: rocky slopes, shrublands. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 4015* (B)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Silene rhizophora (Muschl.) Bocquet



Silene rhizophora (Muschl.) Bocquet

Synonyms: Silene rhizophora Muschl.
Reference: Bocquet, G., 1969: 261. 
Ecology: Endemic subshrub. Andean III: grasslands, rocky slopes. 4000-4500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 5098* (B)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Silene thysanodes Fenzl



Silene thysanodes Fenzl

Synonyms: Silene thysanodes (Fenzl) A. Gray, Silene thysanodes (Fenzl) Hook. f.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1267: 637. 
Ecology: Native herb, subshrub. Andean III: rocky slopes, shrublands. 3500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Smith et al. 12265 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Silene weberbaueri (Muschl.) Bocquet



Silene weberbaueri (Muschl.) Bocquet

Synonyms: Silene weberbaueri Muschl.
Reference: Bocquet, G., 1969: 262. 
Ecology: Endemic subshrub. Andean III: grasslands, rocky slopes. 4000-4500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 337* (B)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Silphium trilobatum L.


Silphium trilobatum L. = Complaya trilobata (L.) Strother

Reference: Strother, J. L., 1991: 14. 


$


 Silvaea pachyphylla Philippi


Silvaea pachyphylla Philippi = Cistanthe celosioides (Phil.) Carolin ex Hershkovitz

Reference: FP 1263: 573; Hershkovitz, M. A., 1991: 222. 


$


 Silvia subcordata Ducke


Silvia subcordata Ducke = Mezilaurus subcordata (Ducke) Kostermans

Reference: Werff, H. van der, 1987: 177. 


$


 Silvia synandra Mez


Silvia synandra Mez = Mezilaurus synandra (Mez) Kostermans

Note: NN  


$


 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.



Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.

Synonyms: Silybum marianum L.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1419: 6. 
Ecology: Cultivated herb. Andean II-III: disturbed areas. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Dillon & Turner 1569 (F!, USM!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Jun&iacute;n, La Libertad, Pasco, Puno.


$


 Simaba amara Aubl.



Simaba amara Aubl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 657: 692. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, seasonally inundated areas, terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez 8477 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Simaba guianensis subsp. polyphylla Cavalcante


Simaba guianensis subsp. polyphylla Cavalcante = Simaba polyphylla (Cavalcante) W. Thomas

Reference: Thomas, W. W., 1985: 76. 


$


 Simaba multiflora Juss.


Simaba multiflora Juss. = Simaba orinocensis Kunth

Reference: FP 657: 693. 


$


 Simaba orinocensis Kunth



Simaba orinocensis Kunth

Synonyms: Simaba orinocensis Juss.
Reference: Flora Peru: 657: 693; Thomas, W. W., 1985: 190. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 254 (F)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Simaba paraensis Ducke



Simaba paraensis Ducke

Reference: Flora Peru: 657: 694. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   @From Rio Acre, Brazil.  Probably also in Peru.@  


$


 Simaba polyphylla (Cavalcante) W. Thomas



Simaba polyphylla (Cavalcante) W. Thomas

Synonyms: Simaba polyphylla Cavalcante
Reference: Thomas, W. W., 1985: 76. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry 42852 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Simarouba amara Aubl.



Simarouba amara Aubl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 657: 692. 
Ecology: tree. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, seasonally inundated areas, terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez 8477 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Simblocline haenkei DC.


Simblocline haenkei DC. = Diplostephium haenkei (DC.) Wedd.

Reference: Blake, S. F., 1928: 59. 


$


 Simira cordifolia (Hook. f.) Steyerm.



Simira cordifolia (Hook. f.) Steyerm.

Synonyms: Simira cordifolia Hook. f.
Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 306. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests, riversides, swamps. 0-1000 m. 
Note: This probably includes S. fragrans (Rusby) Steyermark of Bolivia. 
Voucher: Gentry & D&iacute;az 28130 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Simira hadrantha (Standl.) Steyerm.



Simira hadrantha (Standl.) Steyerm.

Synonyms: Simira hadrantha Standl.
Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 306. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: riversides. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Schunke 347* (F)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Simira myriantha (Standl.) Steyerm.



Simira myriantha (Standl.) Steyerm.

Synonyms: Simira myriantha (Standl.) Standl., Simira myriantha Standl.
Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 345. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Placement in this genus is questionable. 
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 8074 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Simira pisoniiformis (Baill.) Steyerm.



Simira pisoniiformis (Baill.) Steyerm.

Synonyms: Simira pisoniiformis Baill., Simira pisoniiformis Baillon ex Schumann
Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 343. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: The report of this species from Peru is based on one sterile specimen. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 42167 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Simira rubescens (Benth.) Bremek. ex Steyerm.



Simira rubescens (Benth.) Bremek. ex Steyerm.

Synonyms: Simira rubescens (Kunth) DC., Simira rubescens (Kunth) Schumann, Simira rubescens Benth., Simira rubescens Kunth, Simira rubescens Schumann, Simira rubescens Schumann
Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 350. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 92 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Simira williamsii (Standl.) Steyerm.



Simira williamsii (Standl.) Steyerm.

Synonyms: Simira williamsii Standl.
Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 307. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I, Coastal: disturbed areas, forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-1000 m. 
Note: This is probably synonymous with S. catappaefolia (Standley) Steyermark of Bolivia. 
Voucher: Williams 5531* (F), Woytkowski 7104 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Tumbes, Ucayali.


$


 Simira wurdackii Steyerm.



Simira wurdackii Steyerm.

Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 304. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Wurdack 2461* (US)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Simsia dombeyana DC.



Simsia dombeyana DC.

Synonyms: Simsia dombeyana Kuntze


$


 Sinapis juncea L.


Sinapis juncea L. = Brassica juncea (L.) Cosson

Reference: FP 614: 945. 


$


 Sinapis nigra L.


Sinapis nigra L. = Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch

Reference: FP 614: 945. 


$


 Sinningia elatior (Kunth) Chautems



Sinningia elatior (Kunth) Chautems

Synonyms: Sinningia elatior (C. Martius) Fritsch, Sinningia elatior (Hanst.) Kuntze, Sinningia elatior (Hook. & Arn.) Decne., Sinningia elatior (Hook. & Arn.) Kuntze, Sinningia elatior (Hook. & Arn.) Wiehler, Sinningia elatior (Kunth) Fritsch, Sinningia elatior (Kunth) Kuntze, Sinningia elatior Fritsch, Sinningia elatior Hanst., Sinningia elatior Hook. & Arn., Sinningia elatior Kunth, Sinningia elatior Poepp.
Reference: Chautems, A., 1990: 383. 
Ecology: Native herb, subshrub. Andean I-II: forests, rocky slopes. 500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 6231 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sinningia incarnata (Aubl.) Denham



Sinningia incarnata (Aubl.) Denham

Synonyms: Sinningia incarnata (DC.) Kuntze, Sinningia incarnata (Decaisne ex Regel) Hanst., Sinningia incarnata (Hanst.) Kuntze, Sinningia incarnata (Hanst.) Kuntze, Sinningia incarnata (Hanst.) Kuntze, Sinningia incarnata (Hanst.) Kuntze, Sinningia incarnata (Hooker) Kuntze, Sinningia incarnata (Lindl.) Kuntze, Sinningia incarnata Brongniart, Sinningia incarnata DC., Sinningia incarnata Donn. Sm., Sinningia incarnata Donn. Sm., Sinningia incarnata Hanst., Sinningia incarnata Hanst., Sinningia incarnata Hanst., Sinningia incarnata Hanst., Sinningia incarnata Hooker, Sinningia incarnata Hooker, Sinningia incarnata Lindl.
Reference: Skog, pers. comm.. 


$


 Sinningia stricta (Hook. & Arn.) Wiehler


Sinningia stricta (Hook. & Arn.) Wiehler = Sinningia elatior (Kunth) Chautems

Reference: Chautems, A., 1990: 384. 


$


 Sinningia warmingii (Hiern) Chautems



Sinningia warmingii (Hiern) Chautems

Synonyms: Sinningia warmingii Fritsch, Sinningia warmingii Fritsch, Sinningia warmingii Hiern
Reference: Chautems, A., 1990: 386. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 6446* (F!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Huancavelica.


$


 Siolmatra amazonica Cogn.


Siolmatra amazonica Cogn. = Fevillea pedatifolia (Cogniaux) C. Jeffrey

Reference: FP 1379: 331; Jeffrey, C., 1962: 199. 


$


 Siolmatra brasiliensis (Cogniaux) Baill.



Siolmatra brasiliensis (Cogniaux) Baill.

Synonyms: Siolmatra brasiliensis Cogn., Siolmatra brasiliensis Cogn.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1379: 329. 
Ecology: Native vine. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 2033 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Siolmatra mexiae Standl.


Siolmatra mexiae Standl. = Fevillea cordifolia L.

Reference: Jeffrey, C., 1962: 199. 


$


 Siolmatra paraguayensis Cogn.


Siolmatra paraguayensis Cogn. = Siolmatra brasiliensis (Cogniaux) Baill.

Reference: FP 1379: 329. 


$


 Siolmatra pedatifolia (C. Martius) Cogn.


Siolmatra pedatifolia (C. Martius) Cogn. = Fevillea pedatifolia (Cogniaux) C. Jeffrey

Reference: FP 1379: 331; Jeffrey, C., 1962: 199. 


$


 Siolmatra pentaphylla Harms



Siolmatra pentaphylla Harms

Reference: Flora Peru: 1379: 330; Jeffrey, C., 1962: 200. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Tessmann 4575* (B photo F), V&aacute;squez 6069 (K!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Siolmatra peruviana (Huber) Cogn.


Siolmatra peruviana (Huber) Cogn. = Fevillea pedatifolia (Cogniaux) C. Jeffrey

Reference: FP 1379: 331; Jeffrey, C., 1962: 199; Wunderlin, pers. comm.. 


$


 Siolmatra simplicifolia Harms


Siolmatra simplicifolia Harms = Fevillea simplicifolia (Harms) C. Jeffrey

Reference: FP 1379: 331; Jeffrey, C., 1962: 200. 


$


 Sipanea hispida Benth. ex Wernham



Sipanea hispida Benth. ex Wernham

Synonyms: Sipanea hispida Aubl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 65; Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 365. 
Ecology: Cultivated herb. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Klug 2285 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sipanea pratensis Aubl.



Sipanea pratensis Aubl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 65; Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 370. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   The Flora of Peru cites S. pratensis sensu Schumann, non Aublet, as a synonym of S. hispida. 


$


 Siparuna aspera (Perkins) A. DC.


Siparuna aspera (Perkins) A. DC. = Siparuna tomentosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Perkins

Reference: FP 608: 801; Renner, pers. comm.. 


$


 Siparuna asperula (Tul.) A. DC.



Siparuna asperula (Tul.) A. DC.

Synonyms: Siparuna asperula Tul., Siparuna asperula Tul.
Reference: Flora Peru: 608: 802. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 1961* (B photo F!), Klug 1641 (F)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Siparuna auriculata A. DC.



Siparuna auriculata A. DC.

Reference: Flora Peru: 608: 802. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree, treelet, vine. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 4369* (B photo F!), Croat 58018 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Siparuna bifida (Poepp. ex Endl.) A. DC.



Siparuna bifida (Poepp. ex Endl.) A. DC.

Synonyms: Siparuna bifida J.F. Macbr., Siparuna bifida Perkins, Siparuna bifida Poepp. & Endl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 608: 802. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree, treelet. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 2131B* (P), Gr&aacute;ndez 1431 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Siparuna calignosa J.F. Macbr.



Siparuna calignosa J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 608: 803. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 27069* (US)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Siparuna calocarpa Perkins


Siparuna calocarpa Perkins = Siparuna tomentosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Perkins

Reference: FP 608: 801; Renner, pers. comm.. 


$


 Siparuna cervicornis Perkins


Siparuna cervicornis Perkins = Siparuna bifida (Poepp. ex Endl.) A. DC.

Reference: FP 608: 803; Renner, pers. comm.. 


$


 Siparuna crassiflora Perkins


Siparuna crassiflora Perkins = Siparuna cristata (Poepp. ex Endl.) A. DC.

Reference: FP 608: 803; Renner, pers. comm.. 


$


 Siparuna cristata (Poepp. ex Endl.) A. DC.



Siparuna cristata (Poepp. ex Endl.) A. DC.

Synonyms: Siparuna cristata Perkins, Siparuna cristata Perkins, Siparuna cristata Perkins, Siparuna cristata Poepp. & Endl.
Reference: Candolle, A. P. de, 1868: 655. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 4907* (B photo F!), D&iacute;az 69 (MO)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Siparuna cuspidata (Tul.) A. DC.



Siparuna cuspidata (Tul.) A. DC.

Synonyms: Siparuna cuspidata Perkins
Reference: Renner, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 1189 (F)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Siparuna cuzcoana Perkins



Siparuna cuzcoana Perkins

Reference: Flora Peru: 608: 804. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean I: riversides. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 5042* (B photo F!), Vargas 8215 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Siparuna dasyantha Perkins



Siparuna dasyantha Perkins

Reference: Flora Peru: 608: 804. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean I: forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry 18803 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto.


$


 Siparuna decipiens (Tul.) A. DC.



Siparuna decipiens (Tul.) A. DC.

Synonyms: Siparuna decipiens Perkins, Siparuna decipiens Tul.
Reference: Flora Peru: 608: 804. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Croat 51060 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Siparuna eriocalyx (Tul.) A. DC.


Siparuna eriocalyx (Tul.) A. DC. = Siparuna pyricarpa (Ruiz & Pav.) Perkins

Reference: FP 608: 805; Renner, pers. comm.. 


$


 Siparuna exsculpta Perkins


Siparuna exsculpta Perkins = Siparuna pyricarpa (Ruiz & Pav.) Perkins

Reference: FP 608: 805; Renner, pers. comm.. 


$


 Siparuna fulva A. DC.



Siparuna fulva A. DC.

Reference: Flora Peru: 608: 805. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean I-II: forests. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 4361* (G photo F!), Woytkowski 6661 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Siparuna galbina J.F. Macbr.



Siparuna galbina J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 608: 805. 
Ecology. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 22453* (F)
Departments: Ayacucho.


$


 Siparuna gigantophylla Perkins


Siparuna gigantophylla Perkins = Siparuna pyricarpa (Ruiz & Pav.) Perkins

Reference: FP 608: 806; Renner, pers. comm.. 


$


 Siparuna gilgiana Perkins



Siparuna gilgiana Perkins

Reference: Flora Peru: 608: 806. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree, treelet. Amazonian, Andean I: terra firme forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-1000 m. 
Note: This name may include more than one species. 
Voucher: Tessmann 4464* (B photo F!), D&iacute;az 2299 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Siparuna guianensis Aubl.



Siparuna guianensis Aubl.

Synonyms: Siparuna guianensis P. & E.
Reference: Flora Peru: 608: 806. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Ayala 2067 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Siparuna harongifolia Perkins


Siparuna harongifolia Perkins = Siparuna pyricarpa (Ruiz & Pav.) Perkins

Reference: FP 608: 807; Renner, pers. comm.. 


$


 Siparuna heteropoda Perkins



Siparuna heteropoda Perkins

Reference: Flora Peru: 608: 807. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez 1244 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Siparuna hispida A. DC.



Siparuna hispida A. DC.

Reference: Flora Peru: 608: 807. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 4243* (G photo F!), Encarnacion 26062 (MO!)
Departments: Huancavelica, Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Siparuna laurifolia (HBK) A. DC.



Siparuna laurifolia (HBK) A. DC.

Synonyms: Siparuna laurifolia Kunth


$


 Siparuna lepidantha Perkins


Siparuna lepidantha Perkins = Siparuna decipiens (Tul.) A. DC.

Reference: FP 608: 808; Renner, pers. comm.. 


$


 Siparuna lepidiflora Perkins


Siparuna lepidiflora Perkins = Siparuna cuspidata (Tul.) A. DC.

Reference: FP 608: 808; Renner, pers. comm.. 


$


 Siparuna limoniodora A. DC.


Siparuna limoniodora A. DC. = Siparuna pyricarpa (Ruiz & Pav.) Perkins

$


 Siparuna loretensis Perkins



Siparuna loretensis Perkins

Reference: Flora Peru: 608: 808. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Note: This species may be a synonym of S. thecaphora (Renner, pers. comm.). 
Voucher: Ule 6829* (B photo F!), Croat 19397 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Siparuna lyrata Perkins


Siparuna lyrata Perkins = Siparuna pyricarpa (Ruiz & Pav.) Perkins

Reference: FP 608: 808; Renner, pers. comm.. 


$


 Siparuna macrophylla (Kunth) A. DC.


Siparuna macrophylla (Kunth) A. DC. = Siparuna pyricarpa (Ruiz & Pav.) Perkins

Reference: Renner, pers. comm.. 


$


 Siparuna macrotepala Perkins



Siparuna macrotepala Perkins

Reference: Flora Peru: 608: 809. 
Ecology: Native shrub, treelet. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ule 6833* (B photo F!), Knapp 8491 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Siparuna magnifica Perkins


Siparuna magnifica Perkins = Siparuna radiata (Poepp. ex Endl.) A. DC.

Reference: FP 608: 809; Renner, pers. comm.. 


$


 Siparuna mathewsii Perkins


Siparuna mathewsii Perkins = Siparuna muricata (Ruiz & Pav.) A. DC.

Reference: FP 608: 810; Renner, pers. comm.. 


$


 Siparuna mollicoma (C. Martius ex Tul.) A. DC.



Siparuna mollicoma (C. Martius ex Tul.) A. DC.

$


 Siparuna muricata (Ruiz & Pav.) A. DC.



Siparuna muricata (Ruiz & Pav.) A. DC.

Synonyms: Siparuna muricata Perkins, Siparuna muricata Perkins, Siparuna muricata Perkins, Siparuna muricata Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 608: 810. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean II: forests. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (G photo F!), D&iacute;az 4301 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, San Mart&iacute;n.


$



$


 Siparuna neglecta (Tul.) A. DC.



Siparuna neglecta (Tul.) A. DC.

Synonyms: Siparuna neglecta Tul.
Reference: Flora Peru: 608: 810. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean II: forests. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Bonpland 3366* (B photo F!), Weberbauer 6620 (F)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Siparuna obstipa J.F. Macbr.


Siparuna obstipa J.F. Macbr. = Siparuna bifida (Poepp. ex Endl.) A. DC.

Reference: FP 608: 811; Renner, pers. comm.. 


$


 Siparuna olivaceo-velutina Sleumer



Siparuna olivaceo-velutina Sleumer

Reference: Sleumer, H., 1934: 67. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean I-II: forests, cloud forests, disturbed areas. 500-2000 m. 
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 12016 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Siparuna ovalis (Ruiz & Pav.) A. DC.



Siparuna ovalis (Ruiz & Pav.) A. DC.

Synonyms: Siparuna ovalis Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 608: 811. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. . 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n 906* (G photo F!), Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n 24-38 (MA photo F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Siparuna pachyantha A.C. Sm.



Siparuna pachyantha A.C. Sm.

Reference: Smith, A. C., 1939: 293. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Pipoly 14389 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Siparuna parviflora Perkins



Siparuna parviflora Perkins

Reference: Flora Peru: 608: 811. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Ule 6584* (G frag. F), Ule 6584a (B photo F!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Siparuna pauciflora (Beurl.) A. DC.



Siparuna pauciflora (Beurl.) A. DC.

Synonyms: Siparuna pauciflora Beurl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 608: 812. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Klug 1641 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Siparuna perkinsiana Standl.



Siparuna perkinsiana Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 608: 812. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 3352* (F)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Siparuna plana J.F. Macbr.



Siparuna plana J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 608: 813. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Williams 4584* (F)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Siparuna podocarpa Perkins


Siparuna podocarpa Perkins = Siparuna pyricarpa (Ruiz & Pav.) Perkins

Reference: FP 608: 813; Renner, pers. comm.. 


$


 Siparuna poeppigii (Tul.) A. DC.



Siparuna poeppigii (Tul.) A. DC.

Synonyms: Siparuna poeppigii Tul.
Reference: Flora Peru: 608: 813. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 2066* (G photo F!), V&aacute;squez 1465 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Siparuna pseudoumbellata Perkins


Siparuna pseudoumbellata Perkins = Siparuna muricata (Ruiz & Pav.) A. DC.

Reference: FP 608: 814. 


$


 Siparuna pyricarpa (Ruiz & Pav.) Perkins



Siparuna pyricarpa (Ruiz & Pav.) Perkins

Synonyms: Siparuna pyricarpa (Kunth) A. DC., Siparuna pyricarpa (Tul.) A. DC., Siparuna pyricarpa A. DC., Siparuna pyricarpa Kunth, Siparuna pyricarpa Perkins, Siparuna pyricarpa Perkins, Siparuna pyricarpa Perkins, Siparuna pyricarpa Perkins, Siparuna pyricarpa Perkins, Siparuna pyricarpa Perkins, Siparuna pyricarpa Perkins, Siparuna pyricarpa Ruiz & Pav., Siparuna pyricarpa Ruiz & Pav. ex Tul., Siparuna pyricarpa Tul.
Reference: Flora Peru: 608: 814; Renner, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree, treelet. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (G photo F!), Gentry 18765 (MO)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Siparuna radiata (Poepp. ex Endl.) A. DC.



Siparuna radiata (Poepp. ex Endl.) A. DC.

Synonyms: Siparuna radiata Perkins, Siparuna radiata Poepp. & Endl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 608: 814. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 2145* (B photo F!), Williams 4740 (F)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Siparuna sarmentosa Perkins


Siparuna sarmentosa Perkins = Siparuna cristata (Poepp. ex Endl.) A. DC.

Reference: Renner, pers. comm.. 


$


 Siparuna saurauiifolia Perkins



Siparuna saurauiifolia Perkins

Reference: Flora Peru: 608: 815. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean I-II: forests. 1000-2500 m. 
Note: Weberbauer 4370* is one of two syntypes.  The other syntype is probably another species.  
Voucher: Weberbauer 4370* (B photo F!), Schunke 9532 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Siparuna suaveolens (Tul.) A. DC.



Siparuna suaveolens (Tul.) A. DC.

Synonyms: Siparuna suaveolens Tul.
Reference: Flora Peru: 608: 815. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, tree, treelet. Andean II: forests. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Weddell 4760* (P photo F!), N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 9121 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Piura.


$


 Siparuna subinodora (Ruiz & Pav.) A. DC.



Siparuna subinodora (Ruiz & Pav.) A. DC.

Synonyms: Siparuna subinodora Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 608: 816. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA photo F!), Schunke 9234 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Loreto.


$


 Siparuna tabacifolia Perkins



Siparuna tabacifolia Perkins

Reference: Flora Peru: 608: 816. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Ule 6670* (B photo F!), D&iacute;az 1119 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Siparuna tayloriana Perkins



Siparuna tayloriana Perkins

Reference: Flora Peru: 608: 816. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: forests. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 6739* (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Siparuna thecaphora (Poepp. & Endl.) A. DC.



Siparuna thecaphora (Poepp. & Endl.) A. DC.

Synonyms: Siparuna thecaphora Poepp. & Endl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 608: 816. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: terra firme forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 2157b* (B photo F!), Croat 19768 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Loreto.


$


 Siparuna tomentosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Perkins



Siparuna tomentosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Perkins

Synonyms: Siparuna tomentosa (Perkins) A. DC., Siparuna tomentosa Perkins, Siparuna tomentosa Ruiz & Pav., Siparuna tomentosa Ruiz & Pav. ex Tul.
Reference: Flora Peru: 608: 817. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean I-II: forests. 500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n 902* (G photo F!), Woytkowski 8222 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Siparuna tulasnei Perkins


Siparuna tulasnei Perkins = Siparuna pyricarpa (Ruiz & Pav.) Perkins

Reference: FP 608: 817; Renner, pers. comm.. 


$


 Siparuna ucayaliensis Perkins


Siparuna ucayaliensis Perkins = Siparuna cristata (Poepp. ex Endl.) A. DC.

Reference: FP 608: 817; Renner, pers. comm.. 


$


 Siparuna uleana Perkins


Siparuna uleana Perkins = Siparuna pyricarpa (Ruiz & Pav.) Perkins

Reference: FP 608: 818; Renner, pers. comm.. 


$


 Siparuna umbelliflora Perkins



Siparuna umbelliflora Perkins

Reference: Flora Peru: 608: 818; Renner, pers. comm.. 


$


 Siparuna weberbaueri Perkins



Siparuna weberbaueri Perkins

Reference: Flora Peru: 608: 818. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, tree. Andean I-II: forests. 1000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 2161* (B, destroyed), Killip & Smith 24136 (F)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, La Libertad, Loreto, Pasco.


$


 Siparuna williamsii J.F. Macbr.



Siparuna williamsii J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 608: 819. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Williams 3371* (F), Gentry 69539 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Siphocampylus actinothrix E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus actinothrix E. Wimm.

Synonyms: Siphocampylus actinothrix E. Wimm.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 439; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 367. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, subshrub. Andean II-III: rocky slopes. 2500- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Cook & Gilbert 1821* , Tupayachi 603 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Siphocampylus actinothrix fo. minor E. Wimm.


Siphocampylus actinothrix fo. minor E. Wimm. = Siphocampylus actinothrix E. Wimm.

Reference: Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 367. 


$


 Siphocampylus aggregatus Rusby


Siphocampylus aggregatus Rusby = Centropogon granulosus C. Presl

Reference: FP 1381: 401; Jeppesen, S., 1981: 84; Stein, B. A., 1987: 273. 


$


 Siphocampylus albus E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus albus E. Wimm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 439; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 377. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 6383* 
Departments: Piura.


$


 Siphocampylus altiscandens Gleason


Siphocampylus altiscandens Gleason = Siphocampylus flagelliformis A. Zahlbruckner

Reference: FP 1381: 452. 
Note: NN  


$


 Siphocampylus andinus Britton



Siphocampylus andinus Britton

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 440. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Siphocampylus andinus var. elegantissimus E. Wimm.


Siphocampylus andinus var. elegantissimus E. Wimm. = ?  

Reference: FP 1381: 440. 
Note: NN  


$


 Siphocampylus andinus var.solemnis E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus andinus var. solemnis E. Wimm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 440. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Siphocampylus andropogon (Cav.) G. Don


Siphocampylus andropogon (Cav.) G. Don = Centropogon cornutus (L.) Druce

Reference: FP 1381: 407; Jeppesen, S., 1981: 72; Stein, B. A., 1987: 135. 


$


 Siphocampylus angustiflorus Schltdl.



Siphocampylus angustiflorus Schltdl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 441; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 289. 
Ecology: Native vine. Andean II: forests, disturbed areas. 1500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Lechler 2649* , Smith & Pretel 1656 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Siphocampylus apricus E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus apricus E. Wimm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 441; Wimmer, F. E., 1943: 320. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean III: rocky slopes. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Seler 135 p.p.* , Metcalf 3692 (MO!)
Departments: Puno.


$


 Siphocampylus arachnes E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus arachnes E. Wimm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 441; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 320. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: cloud forests, shrublands. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Raimondi 2667* , Stein & Todzia 2422 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


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 Siphocampylus argutus A. Zahlbruckner



Siphocampylus argutus A. Zahlbruckner

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 442. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Siphocampylus attenuatus (C. Presl) A. DC.



Siphocampylus attenuatus (C. Presl) A. DC.

Synonyms: Siphocampylus attenuatus C. Presl
Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 442; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 338. 
Voucher: Haenke s.n.* (W photo F!)


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 Siphocampylus aurocinctus E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus aurocinctus E. Wimm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 442; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 349. 
Ecology. 500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 5598* (B)
Departments: Ayacucho.


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 Siphocampylus barbatus (Cav.) G. Don


Siphocampylus barbatus (Cav.) G. Don = Centropogon ferrugineus (L. f.) Gleason

Reference: FP 1381: 410; Jeppesen, S., 1981: 79. 


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 Siphocampylus bichromatus E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus bichromatus E. Wimm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 443; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 356. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 6504* 
Departments: Huancavelica.


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 Siphocampylus bilabiatus A. Zahlbruckner



Siphocampylus bilabiatus A. Zahlbruckner

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 443. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Siphocampylus biserratus (Cav.) A. DC.



Siphocampylus biserratus (Cav.) A. DC.

Synonyms: Siphocampylus biserratus (Hooker) E. Wimm., Siphocampylus biserratus A. DC., Siphocampylus biserratus Cav., Siphocampylus biserratus E. Wimm., Siphocampylus biserratus G. Don
Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 444; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 299. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean I-II: disturbed areas, rocky slopes. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Nee s.n.* (MA), Dillon et al. 3184 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Lima.


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 Siphocampylus biserratus var. latifolius A. DC.


Siphocampylus biserratus var. latifolius A. DC. = Siphocampylus biserratus (Cav.) A. DC.

Reference: FP 1381: 444; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 299. 


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 Siphocampylus biserratus var. petiolaris E. Wimm.


Siphocampylus biserratus var. petiolaris E. Wimm. = Siphocampylus biserratus (Cav.) A. DC.

Reference: FP 1381: 444; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 299. 


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 Siphocampylus biserratus var. spicatus (Hooker) E. Wimm.


Siphocampylus biserratus var. spicatus (Hooker) E. Wimm. = Siphocampylus biserratus (Cav.) A. DC.

Reference: Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 299. 


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 Siphocampylus boliviensis A. Zahlbruckner



Siphocampylus boliviensis A. Zahlbruckner

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 444. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Maas et al. 6119 (MO!)
Departments: Puno.


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 Siphocampylus brevidens E. Wimm.


Siphocampylus brevidens E. Wimm. = Siphocampylus parvilobus E. Wimm.

Reference: FP 1381: 463. 


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 Siphocampylus buesii E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus buesii E. Wimm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 445; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 289. 
Ecology: Native shrub, vine. . 
Voucher: Bues s.n.* 
Departments: Cuzco.


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 Siphocampylus calodontus E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus calodontus E. Wimm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 445; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 288. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Pearce s.n.* 
Departments: Cajamarca.


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 Siphocampylus candollei E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus candollei E. Wimm.

Synonyms: Siphocampylus candollei (G. Don) C. Presl, Siphocampylus candollei E. Wimm., Siphocampylus candollei E. Wimm., Siphocampylus candollei G. Don
Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 445; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 296. 
Ecology: Endemic herb, shrub. Andean II: disturbed areas, grasslands, rocky slopes. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 122* , Stein & Todzia 2437 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Lima.


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 Siphocampylus candollei var. breviflorus E. Wimm.


Siphocampylus candollei var. breviflorus E. Wimm. = Siphocampylus candollei E. Wimm.

Reference: FP 1381: 446; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 296. 


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 Siphocampylus candollei var. illustris E. Wimm.


Siphocampylus candollei var. illustris E. Wimm. = Siphocampylus candollei E. Wimm.

Reference: FP 1381: 446; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 296. 


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 Siphocampylus cardiophyllus Pohl


Siphocampylus cardiophyllus Pohl = Siphocampylus corymbiferus Pohl

Reference: FP 1381: 456. 


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 Siphocampylus cavanillesianus G. Don


Siphocampylus cavanillesianus G. Don = Siphocampylus biserratus (Cav.) A. DC.

Reference: FP 1381: 444; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 299. 


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 Siphocampylus chimapilophyllus Schltdl.


Siphocampylus chimapilophyllus Schltdl. = Siphocampylus parvifolius E. Wimm.

Reference: FP 1381: 463. 
Note: nom. illeg.  


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 Siphocampylus chloroleucus E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus chloroleucus E. Wimm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 446; Jeppesen, S., 1981: 157. 
Ecology: Native liana. Andean I: elfin forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Dudley 13297 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


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 Siphocampylus citrinus E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus citrinus E. Wimm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 446; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 319. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 7829* (B), Vargas 3154 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


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 Siphocampylus clotho E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus clotho E. Wimm.

Synonyms: Siphocampylus clotho E. Wimm.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 447; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 306. 
Ecology. 2500- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 4972* , Wasshausen & Encarnaci&oacute;n 791 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


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 Siphocampylus clotho var. calvescens E. Wimm.


Siphocampylus clotho var. calvescens E. Wimm. = Siphocampylus clotho E. Wimm.

Reference: FP 1381: 447. 


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 Siphocampylus coltinya E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus coltinya E. Wimm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 447; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 302. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 5462* (B)
Departments: Ayacucho.


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 Siphocampylus comosus (Cavanilles) G. Don



Siphocampylus comosus (Cavanilles) G. Don

Synonyms: Siphocampylus comosus A. DC., Siphocampylus comosus Cav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 448. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Name based on Lobelia comosa Cavanilles, nom. illeg. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 10984 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


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 Siphocampylus comosus var.atrichus E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus comosus var. atrichus E. Wimm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 448; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 355. 
Ecology. 1500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 3892* (F)


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 Siphocampylus correoides A. Zahlbruckner



Siphocampylus correoides A. Zahlbruckner

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 448. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Stein 2504 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


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 Siphocampylus corymbiferus Pohl



Siphocampylus corymbiferus Pohl

Synonyms: Siphocampylus corymbiferus (Britton) E. Wimm., Siphocampylus corymbiferus (Vellozo) E. Wimm., Siphocampylus corymbiferus A. Zahlbruckner, Siphocampylus corymbiferus Britton, Siphocampylus corymbiferus Pohl, Siphocampylus corymbiferus Vell.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 456. 
Ecology: Native shrub, subshrub. Andean II: shrublands, rocky slopes. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Metcalf 30594 (US)
Departments: Cajamarca, Puno.


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 Siphocampylus corymbiferus var. gracilis A. Zahlbruckner


Siphocampylus corymbiferus var. gracilis A. Zahlbruckner = Siphocampylus corymbiferus Pohl

Reference: FP 1381: 456. 


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 Siphocampylus corynellus Gleason



Siphocampylus corynellus Gleason

Synonyms: Siphocampylus corynellus E. Wimm.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 449; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 365. 
Ecology: Native subshrub. . 
Voucher: Mathews 1185* , Raimondi 10264 
Departments: Huancavelica.


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 Siphocampylus corynoides E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus corynoides E. Wimm.

Synonyms: Siphocampylus corynoides E. Wimm.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 449; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 368. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub, subshrub. Andean II: cloud forests, rocky slopes. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 4966* , N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 8695 (MO!)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Cuzco.


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 Siphocampylus corynoides fo. fortunatus E. Wimm.


Siphocampylus corynoides fo. fortunatus E. Wimm. = Siphocampylus corynoides E. Wimm.

Reference: FP 1381: 449; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 368. 


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 Siphocampylus cutervensis A. Zahlbruckner



Siphocampylus cutervensis A. Zahlbruckner

Synonyms: Siphocampylus cutervensis E. Wimm.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 450; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 379. 
Ecology: Endemic subshrub. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Jelski 75* , Sag&aacute;stegui 8892 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Piura.


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 Siphocampylus dependens (Ruiz & Pavon) G. Don



Siphocampylus dependens (Ruiz & Pavon) G. Don

Synonyms: Siphocampylus dependens A. DC., Siphocampylus dependens C. Presl, Siphocampylus dependens Ruiz & Pav. ex G. Don
Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 450; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 345. 
Ecology: Native herb, liana, shrub, subshrub, vine. Andean I-II: cloud forests, disturbed areas, grasslands, rocky slopes, riversides. 1000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* , Duncan et al. 2696 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Siphocampylus dependens var. undulatus E. Wimm.


Siphocampylus dependens var. undulatus E. Wimm. = Siphocampylus onagrius E. Wimm.

Reference: FP 1381: 450; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 342. 


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 Siphocampylus divaricatus Benth.



Siphocampylus divaricatus Benth.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 451. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Siphocampylus dombeyanus A. DC.


Siphocampylus dombeyanus A. DC. = Centropogon dombeyanus (C. Presl) E. Wimm.

Reference: FP 1381: 408. 


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 Siphocampylus donianus (Kuntze) E. Wimm.


Siphocampylus donianus (Kuntze) E. Wimm. = Siphocampylus pavonis E. Wimm.

Reference: Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 299. 


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 Siphocampylus dossennus E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus dossennus E. Wimm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 451; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 317. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   
Voucher: Raimondi 9692* 
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac.


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 Siphocampylus elegans var. boliviensis A. Zahlbruckner


Siphocampylus elegans var. boliviensis A. Zahlbruckner = Siphocampylus soraticus E. Wimm.

Reference: FP 1381: 468. 


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 Siphocampylus elfriedi E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus elfriedi E. Wimm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 451; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 354. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: forests, grasslands, shrublands, rocky slopes. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Pennell 13841* , Gentry et al. 23469 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


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 Siphocampylus erianthus Benth.


Siphocampylus erianthus Benth. = Centropogon erianthus (Benth.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Drake

Reference: FP 1381: 408; Jeppesen, S., 1981: 77. 


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 Siphocampylus ferrugineus G. Don


Siphocampylus ferrugineus G. Don = Centropogon ferrugineus (L. f.) Gleason

Reference: FP 1381: 410; Jeppesen, S., 1981: 79. 


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 Siphocampylus fissus Gleason



Siphocampylus fissus Gleason

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 452; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 363. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 4863* (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


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 Siphocampylus flagelliformis A. Zahlbruckner



Siphocampylus flagelliformis A. Zahlbruckner

Synonyms: Siphocampylus flagelliformis Gleason
Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 452. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Siphocampylus floribundus A. Zahlbruckner



Siphocampylus floribundus A. Zahlbruckner

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 452; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 362. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 3421* (MOL!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


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 Siphocampylus foliosus Griseb.



Siphocampylus foliosus Griseb.

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 Siphocampylus foliosus var.subcanus E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus foliosus var. subcanus E. Wimm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 453; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 298. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Voucher: Lechler 1940* (GOET)
Departments: Puno.


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 Siphocampylus fuscus G. Don


Siphocampylus fuscus G. Don = Centropogon fuscus (G. Don) E. Wimm.

Reference: FP 1381: 411; Wimmer, F. E., 1943: 243. 


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 Siphocampylus giganteus (Cav.) G. Don



Siphocampylus giganteus (Cav.) G. Don

Synonyms: Siphocampylus giganteus Cav.


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 Siphocampylus giganteus var. latifolius Vatke


Siphocampylus giganteus var. latifolius Vatke = ?  

Reference: FP 1381: 404. 
Note: NN nom. illeg.   


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 Siphocampylus gloriosus Britton


Siphocampylus gloriosus Britton = Centropogon gloriosus (Britton) A. Zahlbruckner

Reference: FP 1381: 413. 
Note: NN  


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 Siphocampylus goebelii E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus goebelii E. Wimm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 453; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 350. 
Voucher: Haenke s.n.* 


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 Siphocampylus gracilis Britton


Siphocampylus gracilis Britton = Siphocampylus corymbiferus Pohl

Reference: FP 1381: 456. 


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 Siphocampylus grandiflorus E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus grandiflorus E. Wimm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 454; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 342. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 5618* 
Departments: Ayacucho.


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 Siphocampylus hartwegi Benth.


Siphocampylus hartwegi Benth. = Centropogon hartwegii (Benth.) Benth. & Hook. f.

Reference: FP 1381: 414. 
Note: NN  


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 Siphocampylus heliades E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus heliades E. Wimm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 454; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 342. 
Voucher: Raimondi 8763* 
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


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 Siphocampylus helmuti E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus helmuti E. Wimm.

Synonyms: Siphocampylus helmuti E. Wimm.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 454; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 333. 
Voucher: Raimondi 8777* 
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


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 Siphocampylus helmuti var.. pilosifolius E. Wimm.


Siphocampylus helmuti var.. pilosifolius E. Wimm. = Siphocampylus helmuti E. Wimm.

Reference: Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 775. 


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 Siphocampylus hirtus (Cav.) G. Don


Siphocampylus hirtus (Cav.) G. Don = Centropogon hirtus (Cav.) C. Presl

Reference: FP 1381: 415; Jeppesen, S., 1981: 88; Stein, B. A., 1987: 182. 


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 Siphocampylus humboldtianus (C. Presl) A. DC. in DC.



Siphocampylus humboldtianus (C. Presl) A. DC. in DC.

Synonyms: Siphocampylus humboldtianus Benth., Siphocampylus humboldtianus C. Presl, Siphocampylus humboldtianus E. Wimm.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 455. 
Note: Wimmer (1953: 344) treats this as a synonym of S. pubescens.  
Voucher: Humboldt s.n.* 


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 Siphocampylus humboldtianus var. ovatus E. Wimm.


Siphocampylus humboldtianus var. ovatus E. Wimm. = Siphocampylus humboldtianus (C. Presl) A. DC. in DC.

Reference: FP 1381: 455. 


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 Siphocampylus hypoleucus E. Wimm.


Siphocampylus hypoleucus E. Wimm. = ?  

Reference: Wimmer, F. E., 1968: 849. 
Note: This name is of uncertain application.  


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 Siphocampylus igneus (Vellozo) E. Wimm.


Siphocampylus igneus (Vellozo) E. Wimm. = Siphocampylus corymbiferus Pohl

Reference: FP 1381: 456; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 281. 


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 Siphocampylus igneus var. gracilis (Britton) E. Wimm.


Siphocampylus igneus var. gracilis (Britton) E. Wimm. = Siphocampylus corymbiferus Pohl

Reference: FP 1381: 456; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 281. 


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 Siphocampylus incanus Britton


Siphocampylus incanus Britton = Centropogon incanus (Britton) A. Zahlbruckner

Reference: FP 1381: 415. 


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 Siphocampylus jelskii fo. eugenius E. Wimm.


Siphocampylus jelskii fo. eugenius E. Wimm. = Siphocampylus jelskii Zahlbr.

Reference: FP 1381: 456; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 373. 


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 Siphocampylus jelskii Zahlbr.



Siphocampylus jelskii Zahlbr.

Synonyms: Siphocampylus jelskii A. Zahlbruckner, Siphocampylus jelskii E. Wimm.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 455; Jeppesen, S., 1981: 162. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub, subshrub. Andean II-III: grasslands, rocky slopes, shrublands. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Jelski 210* , Smith & V&aacute;squez 5028 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca.


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 Siphocampylus keissleri E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus keissleri E. Wimm.

Synonyms: Siphocampylus keissleri E. Wimm.
Reference: Jeppesen, S., 1981: 162. 
Ecology. 1000-2000 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Jeppesen (1981b).  


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 Siphocampylus krauseanus E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus krauseanus E. Wimm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 457; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 298. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Andean II: cloud forests, disturbed areas, dry valleys, rocky slopes, shrublands. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 23354 (MO!)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Cuzco.


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 Siphocampylus laciniatus G. Don


Siphocampylus laciniatus G. Don = Siphocampylus candollei E. Wimm.

Reference: FP 1381: 445. 


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 Siphocampylus laetus E. Wimm.


Siphocampylus laetus E. Wimm. = Siphocampylus keissleri E. Wimm.

Reference: Jeppesen, S., 1981: 162; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 286. 


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 Siphocampylus lobbii A. Zahlbruckner



Siphocampylus lobbii A. Zahlbruckner

Synonyms: Siphocampylus lobbii E. Wimm.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 457; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 329. 
Voucher: Lobb s.n.* 
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


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 Siphocampylus lobbii var. megodontus E. Wimm.


Siphocampylus lobbii var. megodontus E. Wimm. = Siphocampylus lobbii A. Zahlbruckner

Reference: FP 1381: 457; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 329. 


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 Siphocampylus loxensis (Willd. in Roem. & Schult.) Vatke



Siphocampylus loxensis (Willd. in Roem. & Schult.) Vatke

Synonyms: Siphocampylus loxensis Willd. in Roem. & Schult.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 457; Jeppesen, S., 1981: 163. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Siphocampylus macranthus Pohl


Siphocampylus macranthus Pohl = Centropogon cornutus (L.) Druce

Reference: FP 1381: 407; Jeppesen, S., 1981: 72; Stein, B. A., 1987: 134. 


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 Siphocampylus macrophyllus G. Don


Siphocampylus macrophyllus G. Don = Centropogon macrophyllus (G. Don) E. Wimm.

Reference: FP 1381: 419; Jeppesen, S., 1981: 93; Stein, B. A., 1987: 134. 


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 Siphocampylus macropodoides A. Zahlbruckner



Siphocampylus macropodoides A. Zahlbruckner

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 458; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 303. 
Ecology: Native herb, subshrub. Andean II: disturbed areas, elfin forests, rocky slopes, shrublands. 2000-3500 m. 
Note: As "macropodioides" in the Flora of Peru.  
Voucher: Weberbauer 3201* (MOL!), Smith & Buddensiek 10856 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Cajamarca, La Libertad.


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 Siphocampylus macrostemon (C. Presl) A. DC.



Siphocampylus macrostemon (C. Presl) A. DC.

Synonyms: Siphocampylus macrostemon A. Zahlbruckner, Siphocampylus macrostemon C. Presl
Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 458; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 319. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


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 Siphocampylus mathewsii E. Wimm.


Siphocampylus mathewsii E. Wimm. = Siphocampylus matthiaei A. DC.

Reference: FP 1381: 458; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 379. 


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 Siphocampylus matthiaei A. DC.



Siphocampylus matthiaei A. DC.

Synonyms: Siphocampylus matthiaei E. Wimm.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 458; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 379. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II-III: forests. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Mathews 1672* , Smith 6127 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, La Libertad.


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 Siphocampylus megalandrus E. Wimm.


Siphocampylus megalandrus E. Wimm. = Siphocampylus cutervensis A. Zahlbruckner

Reference: FP 1381: 450; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 379. 


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 Siphocampylus megastoma E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus megastoma E. Wimm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 459; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 377. 
Voucher: Raimondi 2601* 


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 Siphocampylus membranaceus Britton



Siphocampylus membranaceus Britton

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 459. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Siphocampylus nobilis E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus nobilis E. Wimm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 459; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 351. 
Ecology: . vine. Region uncertain: forests. . 
Note: "Leimebamba-Lajasbamba trail"  
Voucher: Weberbauer 6291* , Boeke 2039 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas.


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 Siphocampylus oblongifolius Rusby



Siphocampylus oblongifolius Rusby

Synonyms: Siphocampylus oblongifolius E. Wimm.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 460. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Siphocampylus oblongifolius var. crenatus E. Wimm.


Siphocampylus oblongifolius var. crenatus E. Wimm. = Siphocampylus oblongifolius Rusby

Reference: FP 1381: 460. 
Note: NN  


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 Siphocampylus obovatus (G. Don) E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus obovatus (G. Don) E. Wimm.

Synonyms: Siphocampylus obovatus (G. Don) Kuntze, Siphocampylus obovatus C. Presl, Siphocampylus obovatus G. Don
Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 460; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 367. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: cloud forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* , Stein & Todzia 2413 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


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 Siphocampylus onagrius E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus onagrius E. Wimm.

Synonyms: Siphocampylus onagrius (E. Wimmer) E. Wimm., Siphocampylus onagrius E. Wimm., Siphocampylus onagrius E. Wimm.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 461; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 342. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Mathews 1187* , Berry 3061 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho.


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 Siphocampylus onagrius fo. longisepalus E. Wimm.


Siphocampylus onagrius fo. longisepalus E. Wimm. = Siphocampylus onagrius E. Wimm.

Reference: Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 343. 


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 Siphocampylus onagrius var. undulatus (E. Wimmer) E. Wimm.


Siphocampylus onagrius var. undulatus (E. Wimmer) E. Wimm. = Siphocampylus onagrius E. Wimm.

Reference: Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 342. 


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 Siphocampylus orbignyanus A. DC.



Siphocampylus orbignyanus A. DC.

Synonyms: Siphocampylus orbignyanus Britton
Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 461. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Siphocampylus oscitans B. A. Stein



Siphocampylus oscitans B. A. Stein

Synonyms: Siphocampylus oscitans A. Zahlbruckner
Reference: Stein, B. A., 1987: 492. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II-III: shrublands. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 2203* (W), Stein et al. 3831 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


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 Siphocampylus ovatus (G. Don) E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus ovatus (G. Don) E. Wimm.

Synonyms: Siphocampylus ovatus (G. Don) C. Presl, Siphocampylus ovatus (G. Don) Kuntze, Siphocampylus ovatus A. DC., Siphocampylus ovatus C. Presl, Siphocampylus ovatus G. Don
Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 461; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 364. 
Ecology: Native shrub, vine. Andean II-III: elfin forests, forests, shrublands. 1500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Foster et al. 9002 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Pasco.


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 Siphocampylus palilloanus E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus palilloanus E. Wimm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 462; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 368. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   
Voucher: Cook & Gilbert 1908* 
Departments: Cuzco.


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 Siphocampylus pallidus E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus pallidus E. Wimm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 462; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 355. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 4797* (F), Smith et al. 1784 (MO!)
Departments: Pasco.


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 Siphocampylus parvifolius E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus parvifolius E. Wimm.

Synonyms: Siphocampylus parvifolius Schltdl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 463. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Voucher: Lechler 1999* 
Departments: Puno.


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 Siphocampylus parvilobus E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus parvilobus E. Wimm.

Synonyms: Siphocampylus parvilobus E. Wimm.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 463; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 353. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   
Voucher: Pearce s.n.* 
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


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 Siphocampylus pavonis E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus pavonis E. Wimm.

Synonyms: Siphocampylus pavonis (Kuntze) E. Wimm., Siphocampylus pavonis C. Presl, Siphocampylus pavonis G. Don, Siphocampylus pavonis Kuntze, Siphocampylus pavonis Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 463; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 364. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* 


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 Siphocampylus penduliflorus Decne.



Siphocampylus penduliflorus Decne.

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 Siphocampylus penduliflorus var.asperatulus E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus penduliflorus var. asperatulus E. Wimm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 464. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


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 Siphocampylus pendulifolius A. DC.


Siphocampylus pendulifolius A. DC. = Siphocampylus ovatus (G. Don) E. Wimm.

Reference: FP 1381: 461; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 363. 


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 Siphocampylus peruvianus A. DC.



Siphocampylus peruvianus A. DC.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 464; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 355. 
Ecology: Native shrub, vine. . 
Voucher: Mathews s.n.* 
Departments: Amazonas.


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 Siphocampylus phaeton E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus phaeton E. Wimm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 464; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 319. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: shrublands. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Pearce s.n.* , Weberbauer 7531 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho.


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 Siphocampylus platysiphon Lammers



Siphocampylus platysiphon Lammers

Reference: Lammers, T. G., 1993: 28. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II-III: grasslands. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Dillon et al. 2792* (F), Sag&aacute;stegui et al. 10026 (MO)
Departments: Cajamarca, La Libertad.


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 Siphocampylus polycladus E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus polycladus E. Wimm.

Synonyms: Siphocampylus polycladus E. Wimm.
Reference: Jeppesen, S., 1981: 164; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 293. 
Ecology: Native shrub. . 
Voucher: Raimondi 6907 
Departments: Cajamarca.


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 Siphocampylus polycladus var. rubicundus E. Wimm.


Siphocampylus polycladus var. rubicundus E. Wimm. = Siphocampylus polycladus E. Wimm.

Reference: Jeppesen, S., 1981: 165. 


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 Siphocampylus pozuzensis E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus pozuzensis E. Wimm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 465; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 288. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   
Voucher: Pearce 532* 
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


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 Siphocampylus puberulus E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus puberulus E. Wimm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 465. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Siphocampylus pubescens Benth.


Siphocampylus pubescens Benth. = Siphocampylus humboldtianus (C. Presl) A. DC. in DC.

Reference: FP 1381: 455; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 344. 


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 Siphocampylus raimondii E. Wimm.


Siphocampylus raimondii E. Wimm. = Siphocampylus corynellus Gleason

Reference: FP 1381: 449; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 365. 


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 Siphocampylus resinosus Schltdl.


Siphocampylus resinosus Schltdl. = Siphocampylus tupaeformis var. tupaeformis 

Reference: FP 1381: 471. 
Note: nom. illeg.  


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 Siphocampylus rosmarinifolius G. Don



Siphocampylus rosmarinifolius G. Don

Synonyms: Siphocampylus rosmarinifolius C. Presl, Siphocampylus rosmarinifolius Ruiz & Pav. ex G. Don
Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 465; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 352. 
Ecology: Endemic herb, shrub. Andean II: disturbed areas, shrublands. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: D&iacute;az 2917 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


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 Siphocampylus rugosus A. DC.


Siphocampylus rugosus A. DC. = Siphocampylus dependens (Ruiz & Pavon) G. Don

Reference: FP 1381: 450. 


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 Siphocampylus rusbyanus Britton



Siphocampylus rusbyanus Britton

Synonyms: Siphocampylus rusbyanus A. Zahlbruckner, Siphocampylus rusbyanus E. Wimm.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 466; Stein, B. A., 1987: 493. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: cloud forests, disturbed areas, rocky slopes. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 23555 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Puno.


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 Siphocampylus rusbyanus var. subervestitus A. Zahlbruckner


Siphocampylus rusbyanus var. subervestitus A. Zahlbruckner = Siphocampylus rusbyanus Britton

Reference: FP 1381: 466; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 377. 


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 Siphocampylus salviifolius E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus salviifolius E. Wimm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 466; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 320. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Voucher: Raimondi 10675* 
Departments: Ayacucho.


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 Siphocampylus sanguineus Zahlbr.



Siphocampylus sanguineus Zahlbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 467; Jeppesen, S., 1981: 168. 
Ecology: Native shrub, vine. Andean II: disturbed areas, forests, shrublands. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 4285* (MOL!), Stein & Todzia 2068 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas.


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 Siphocampylus scabrifolius Schltdl.


Siphocampylus scabrifolius Schltdl. = Siphocampylus veteranus E. Wimm.

Reference: FP 1381: 473. 
Note: nom. illeg.  


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 Siphocampylus scandens (Kunth) G. Don



Siphocampylus scandens (Kunth) G. Don

Synonyms: Siphocampylus scandens Kunth, Siphocampylus scandens Willd. in Roem. & Schult.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 467. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Siphocampylus secundus E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus secundus E. Wimm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 467; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 363. 
Ecology: Native vine. Andean II: disturbed areas, elfin forests. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Mathews s.n.* , Smith 6198A (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas.


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 Siphocampylus soraticus E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus soraticus E. Wimm.

Synonyms: Siphocampylus soraticus A. Zahlbruckner
Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 468. 
Ecology: Native vine. Andean II: cloud forests. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Metcalf 30730 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


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 Siphocampylus sparsipilus E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus sparsipilus E. Wimm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 468. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Siphocampylus spruceanus A. Zahlbruckner



Siphocampylus spruceanus A. Zahlbruckner

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 468; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 353. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean I: forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 4860* , Klug 3277 (MO!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Siphocampylus stenolobus E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus stenolobus E. Wimm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 469; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 307. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub, vine. Andean II: disturbed areas, forests, shrublands. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Pennell  13913* , Stein 2502 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


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 Siphocampylus subcarnosus Benth.



Siphocampylus subcarnosus Benth.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 469; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 292. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Siphocampylus subcordatus Rusby



Siphocampylus subcordatus Rusby

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 469. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Siphocampylus subcordatus var.dives E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus subcordatus var. dives E. Wimm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 470. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Siphocampylus superbus A. Zahlbruckner


Siphocampylus superbus A. Zahlbruckner = Siphocampylus jelskii Zahlbr.

Reference: FP 1381: 470; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 374. 


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 Siphocampylus surinamensis (L.) G. Don


Siphocampylus surinamensis (L.) G. Don = Centropogon cornutus (L.) Druce

Reference: FP 1381: 407; Jeppesen, S., 1981: 72; Stein, B. A., 1987: 135. 


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 Siphocampylus tortuosus A. Zahlbruckner



Siphocampylus tortuosus A. Zahlbruckner

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 470; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 288. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 4646* 
Departments: Loreto.


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 Siphocampylus tupaeformis A. Zahlbruckner



Siphocampylus tupaeformis A. Zahlbruckner

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 Siphocampylus tupaeformis var. diversifolius Hicken


Siphocampylus tupaeformis var. diversifolius Hicken = Siphocampylus tupaeformis var. tupaeformis 

Reference: Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 301. 


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 Siphocampylus tupaeformis var. dulcis E. Wimm.


Siphocampylus tupaeformis var. dulcis E. Wimm. = Siphocampylus tupaeformis var. tupaeformis 

Reference: FP 1381: 471; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 301. 


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 Siphocampylus tupaeformis var. reduncus E. Wimm.


Siphocampylus tupaeformis var. reduncus E. Wimm. = Siphocampylus tupaeformis var. tupaeformis 

Reference: FP 1381: 471; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 301. 


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 Siphocampylus tupaeformis var.stenophyllus E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus tupaeformis var. stenophyllus E. Wimm.

Reference: Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 302. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, forests, grasslands, rocky slopes, shrublands. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 16844 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Lima.


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 Siphocampylus tupaeformis var.tupaeformis



Siphocampylus tupaeformis var. tupaeformis 

Synonyms: Siphocampylus tupaeformis tupaeformis Schltdl., Siphocampylus tupaeformis var. tupaeformis E. Wimm., Siphocampylus tupaeformis var. tupaeformis E. Wimm., Siphocampylus tupaeformis var. tupaeformis Hicken
Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 471; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 301. 
Ecology: Native herb, subshrub. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, forests, rocky slopes, shrublands. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Stein 2463 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Lima, Pasco, Puno.


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 Siphocampylus vatkeanus A. Zahlbruckner



Siphocampylus vatkeanus A. Zahlbruckner

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 472; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 371. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean III: cloud forests, rocky slopes. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Metcalf 30710 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Puno.


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 Siphocampylus venustus E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus venustus E. Wimm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 472; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 299. 
Voucher: Kalenborn 189* (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


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 Siphocampylus verbascifolius A. DC.


Siphocampylus verbascifolius A. DC. = Centropogon verbascifolius (C. Presl) Gleason

Reference: FP 1381: 427. 


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 Siphocampylus versicolor E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus versicolor E. Wimm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 472; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 356. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 5561* 
Departments: Ayacucho.


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 Siphocampylus veteranus E. Wimm.



Siphocampylus veteranus E. Wimm.

Synonyms: Siphocampylus veteranus E. Wimm., Siphocampylus veteranus Schltdl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 473; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 371. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: forests. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 5579* , D&iacute;az 2906 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cuzco, Puno.


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 Siphocampylus veteranus fo. laevigatus E. Wimm.


Siphocampylus veteranus fo. laevigatus E. Wimm. = Siphocampylus veteranus E. Wimm.

Reference: Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 371. 


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 Siphocampylus virgatus A. DC.


Siphocampylus virgatus A. DC. = Siphocampylus comosus (Cavanilles) G. Don

Reference: FP 1381: 448; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 371. 


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 Siphocampylus volubilis Britton


Siphocampylus volubilis Britton = Siphocampylus orbignyanus A. DC.

Reference: FP 1381: 461; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 277; Stein, pers. comm.. 
Note: NN sensu Britton non (H.B.K.) G. Don  


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 Siphocampylus weberbaueri A. Zahlbruckner



Siphocampylus weberbaueri A. Zahlbruckner

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 473; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 379. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 4019* (MOL!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


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 Siphocampylus williamsii Rusby



Siphocampylus williamsii Rusby

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 474. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean III: rocky slopes. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Metcalf 30469 (MO!)
Departments: Puno.


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 Siphonandra elliptica (Ruiz & Pavon) Klotzsch



Siphonandra elliptica (Ruiz & Pavon) Klotzsch

Synonyms: Siphonandra elliptica (Ruiz & Pavon) Benth. & Hook. f., Siphonandra elliptica Hoerold, Siphonandra elliptica Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 83. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean III: grasslands, shrublands. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Weberbauer 6929 (MOL!)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Cuzco, Madre de Dios, Puno.


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 Siphonandra pilosa A.C. Sm.



Siphonandra pilosa A.C. Sm.

Synonyms: Siphonandra pilosa (A.C. Smith) J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 84. 
Ecology: Native shrub. . 
Voucher: Lechler 2053 


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 Siphoneugena dussii (Krug & Urb.) C. Proenca



Siphoneugena dussii (Krug & Urb.) C. Proenca

Synonyms: Siphoneugena dussii Krug & Urban ex Urban
Reference: Proen&ccedil;a, C., 1990: 251. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean II: forests. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez 190 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Pasco.


$


 Siphonia brasiliensis Willd. ex A. Juss.


Siphonia brasiliensis Willd. ex A. Juss. = Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Reference: FP 674: 109; Schultes, R. E., 1990: 13. 


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 Siphonia lutea Spruce ex Benth.


Siphonia lutea Spruce ex Benth. = Hevea guianensis var. lutea (Spruce ex Benth.) Ducke & Schultes

Reference: FP 674: 110; Schultes, R. E., 1990: 28. 


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 Siphonia pauciflora Spruce ex Benth.


Siphonia pauciflora Spruce ex Benth. = Hevea pauciflora var. pauciflora 

Reference: FP 674: 113. 
Note: NN  


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 Siphonia spruceana Benth.


Siphonia spruceana Benth. = Hevea spruceana (Bentham) M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Reference: Schultes, R. E., 1990: 45. 


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 Siphonoglossa peruviana Lindau


Siphonoglossa peruviana Lindau = Tetramerium peruvianum (Lindau) T.F. Daniel

Reference: Daniel, T. F., 1986: 119. 


$


 Sison ammi L.


Sison ammi L. = Ciclospermum leptophyllum var. leptophyllum 

Reference: FP 1293: 11. 


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 Sison canadense L.


Sison canadense L. = Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC.

Reference: Constance, pers. comm.. 


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 Sison laciniatum L'H&eacute;r. ex DC.


Sison laciniatum L'H&eacute;r. ex DC. = Ciclospermum laciniatum (DC.) Constance

Reference: FP 1293: 10; Constance, L., 1990: 277. 


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 Sisymbrium amphibium L.



Sisymbrium amphibium L.

$


 Sisymbrium amphibium var. palustre L.


Sisymbrium amphibium var. palustre L. = Rorippa palustris (L.) Bess.

$


 Sisymbrium amplexicaule A. Gray


Sisymbrium amplexicaule A. Gray = Sisymbrium grayanum Baehni & Macbr.

Reference: FP 614: 976. 
Note: nom. illeg.  


$


 Sisymbrium amplexicaule var. tenuicaule O.E. Schulz


Sisymbrium amplexicaule var. tenuicaule O.E. Schulz = Sisymbrium grayanum Baehni & Macbr.

Reference: FP 614: 976. 


$


 Sisymbrium anomalum Wedd.


Sisymbrium anomalum Wedd. = Sisymbrium peruvianum DC.

Reference: FP 614: 979; Romanczuk, M. C., 1982: 85. 


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 Sisymbrium arequipanum Al-Shehbaz



Sisymbrium arequipanum Al-Shehbaz

Reference: Al-Shehbaz, I. A., 1989: 1176. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean III: rocky slopes. 4000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Stafford 674* (F), Straw 2326 (US)
Departments: Arequipa.


$


 Sisymbrium athrocarpum A. Gray


Sisymbrium athrocarpum A. Gray = Descurainia athrocarpa (A. Gray) O.E. Schulz

Reference: FP 614: 981. 


$


 Sisymbrium berningeri (O.E. Schulz) Baehni & Macbr.



Sisymbrium berningeri (O.E. Schulz) Baehni & Macbr.

Synonyms: Sisymbrium berningeri O.E. Schulz
Reference: Flora Peru: 614: 975. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Sisymbrium bonariense Poir.


Sisymbrium bonariense Poir. = Rorippa bonariensis (Poir.) Macloskie

Reference: FP 614: 965. 


$


 Sisymbrium calycinum (Desv.) Wedd.


Sisymbrium calycinum (Desv.) Wedd. = Brayopsis calycina (Desv.) Gilg & Muschl.

Reference: FP 614: 970; Al-Shehbaz, I. A., 1989: 620. 


$


 Sisymbrium ciliolatum Fourn.


Sisymbrium ciliolatum Fourn. = Weberbauera spathulifolia (A. Gray) O.E. Schulz

Reference: FP 614: 972. 


$


 Sisymbrium depressum Phil.


Sisymbrium depressum Phil. = Descurainia depressa (Phil.) Reiche

Reference: FP 614: 981. 


$


 Sisymbrium effusum O.E. Schulz



Sisymbrium effusum O.E. Schulz

Reference: Flora Peru: 614: 975. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 6499* (B)
Departments: Huancavelica.


$


 Sisymbrium fragile Wedd.


Sisymbrium fragile Wedd. = Sisymbrium lanatum (Walp.) O.E. Schulz

Reference: FP 614: 977; Al-Shehbaz, pers. comm.. 


$


 Sisymbrium gracile Wedd.



Sisymbrium gracile Wedd.

Synonyms: Sisymbrium gracile (Muschl) J.F. Macbr., Sisymbrium gracile (Muschl.) J.F. Macbr., Sisymbrium gracile (Muschl.) O.E. Schulz, Sisymbrium gracile (O.E. Schulz) J.F. Macbr., Sisymbrium gracile (Weddell) O.E. Schulz, Sisymbrium gracile Muschl, Sisymbrium gracile Muschl., Sisymbrium gracile O.E. Schulz, Sisymbrium gracile O.E. Schulz, Sisymbrium gracile O.E. Schulz, Sisymbrium gracile O.E. Schulz
Reference: Flora Peru: 614: 976; Al-Shehbaz, I. A., 1990: 13. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: shrublands. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Weddell s.n.* (P), Tupayachi 976 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Tacna.


$


 Sisymbrium grayanum Baehni & Macbr.



Sisymbrium grayanum Baehni & Macbr.

Synonyms: Sisymbrium grayanum (O. E. Schulz) Baehni & J. F. Macbride, Sisymbrium grayanum A. Gray, Sisymbrium grayanum O.E. Schulz
Reference: Flora Peru: 614: 976. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I: rocky slopes. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Wilkes Exped. s.n.* (US)
Departments: Ancash, Lima.


$


 Sisymbrium grayanum var. tenuicaule (O. E. Schulz) Baehni & J. F. Macbride


Sisymbrium grayanum var. tenuicaule (O. E. Schulz) Baehni & J. F. Macbride = Sisymbrium grayanum Baehni & Macbr.

Reference: FP 614: 976. 


$


 Sisymbrium hispidulum (DC.) Triana & Planch.


Sisymbrium hispidulum (DC.) Triana & Planch. = Halimolobus hispidula var. hispidula 

Reference: FP 614: 976. 


$


 Sisymbrium hispidulum var. herrerae (O.E. Schulz) Baehni & Macbride


Sisymbrium hispidulum var. herrerae (O.E. Schulz) Baehni & Macbride = Halimolobus hispidula var. herrerae (O. E. Schulz) Rollins

Reference: FP 614: 977. 


$


 Sisymbrium hispidulum var. weddellii (Fournier) Baehni & J. F. Macbride


Sisymbrium hispidulum var. weddellii (Fournier) Baehni & J. F. Macbride = Halimolobus hispidula var. hispidula 

Reference: FP 614: 977. 


$


 Sisymbrium indicum L.


Sisymbrium indicum L. = Rorippa indica (L.) Hiern

$


 Sisymbrium lanatum (Walp.) O.E. Schulz



Sisymbrium lanatum (Walp.) O.E. Schulz

Synonyms: Sisymbrium lanatum (Wedd.) O.E. Schulz, Sisymbrium lanatum Walp. in Meyen, Sisymbrium lanatum Wedd.
Reference: Flora Peru: 614: 977. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Meyen s.n.* (B), Solomon 2829 (MO!)
Departments: Arequipa.


$


 Sisymbrium lanatum var. fragile (Wedd.) O.E. Schulz


Sisymbrium lanatum var. fragile (Wedd.) O.E. Schulz = Sisymbrium lanatum (Walp.) O.E. Schulz

Reference: FP 614: 977. 


$


 Sisymbrium llatasii Al-Shehbaz



Sisymbrium llatasii Al-Shehbaz

Reference: Al-Shehbaz, I. A., 1990: 219. 
Ecology. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Llatas 2102* (F!), Llatas 331 (NY!)
Departments: Lambayeque.


$


 Sisymbrium macrorrhizum (Muschl.) J.F. Macbr.


Sisymbrium macrorrhizum (Muschl.) J.F. Macbr. = Sisymbrium gracile Wedd.

Reference: FP 614: 978; Al-Shehbaz, I. A., 1990: 13. 


$


 Sisymbrium macrorrhizum var. meyenii (O.E. Schulz) J.F. Macbr.


Sisymbrium macrorrhizum var. meyenii (O.E. Schulz) J.F. Macbr. = Sisymbrium gracile Wedd.

Reference: FP 614: 978. 


$


 Sisymbrium macrorrhizum var. ramosissimum (Muschl) J.F. Macbr.


Sisymbrium macrorrhizum var. ramosissimum (Muschl) J.F. Macbr. = Sisymbrium gracile Wedd.

Reference: FP 614: 978. 


$


 Sisymbrium mandonii Fournier


Sisymbrium mandonii Fournier = Rorippa bonariensis (Poir.) Macloskie

Reference: FP 614: 965. 


$


 Sisymbrium meyenii O.E. Schulz


Sisymbrium meyenii O.E. Schulz = Sisymbrium gracile Wedd.

Reference: FP 614: 978. 


$


 Sisymbrium morrisonii Al-Shehbaz



Sisymbrium morrisonii Al-Shehbaz

Reference: Al-Shehbaz, I. A., 1990: 219. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Coastal: lomas. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Worth & Morrison 15729* (UC!)
Departments: Arequipa.


$


 Sisymbrium murale L.


Sisymbrium murale L. = Diplotaxis muralis (L.) DC.

$


 Sisymbrium myriophyllum Walp. ex Meyen


Sisymbrium myriophyllum Walp. ex Meyen = Descurainia depressa (Phil.) Reiche

Reference: FP 614: 981. 


$


 Sisymbrium myriophyllum Willd. ex DC.


Sisymbrium myriophyllum Willd. ex DC. = Descurainia myriophylla (Willd. ex DC.) R.E. Fr.

Reference: FP 614: 982. 


$


 Sisymbrium nasturtium-aquaticum L.


Sisymbrium nasturtium-aquaticum L. = Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek

Reference: FP 614: 966. 


$


 Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop.



Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop.

Synonyms: Sisymbrium officinale L.
Reference: Flora Peru: 614: 978. 
Ecology: Introduced herb. Andean II: disturbed areas. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: L&oacute;pez  8305 (MO!)
Departments: Arequipa, Cajamarca, Lima, Moquegua.


$


 Sisymbrium oleraceum O.E. Schulz



Sisymbrium oleraceum O.E. Schulz

Reference: Flora Peru: 614: 979. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: disturbed areas. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Tafalla s.n.* (B), N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 7479 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Sisymbrium orientale L.



Sisymbrium orientale L.

Reference: Romanczuk, M. C., 1982: 152. 
Ecology: Introduced herb. Andean II: disturbed areas. 1500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Sullivan et al. 975 (MO!)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Sisymbrium pectinifolium Al-Shehbaz



Sisymbrium pectinifolium Al-Shehbaz

Reference: Al-Shehbaz, I. A., 1990: 14. 
Ecology. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Rose 18832 (US!)
Departments: Arequipa.


$


 Sisymbrium peruvianum DC.



Sisymbrium peruvianum DC.

Synonyms: Sisymbrium peruvianum (DC.) Kuntze, Sisymbrium peruvianum Wedd., Sisymbrium peruvianum Wedd.
Reference: Flora Peru: 614: 979; Romanczuk, M. C., 1982: 85. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: rocky slopes. 2500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (B photo F!), N&uacute;&ntilde;ez et al. 7826 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Moquegua, Puno.


$


 Sisymbrium sinapis Burm. f.


Sisymbrium sinapis Burm. f. = Rorippa indica (L.) Hiern

Reference: FP 614: 967. 


$


 Sisymbrium spathulaefolium A. Gray


Sisymbrium spathulaefolium A. Gray = Weberbauera spathulifolia (A. Gray) O.E. Schulz

Reference: FP 614: 972; Al-Shehbaz, I. A., 1990: 227. 


$


 Sisymbrium titicacense Walp.


Sisymbrium titicacense Walp. = Descurainia titicacensis (Walp.) Lillo ex Hauman & Irigoyen

Reference: FP 614: 983. 


$


 Sisymbrium titicacense Wedd.


Sisymbrium titicacense Wedd. = Descurainia depressa (Phil.) Reiche

Reference: FP 614: 982. 


$


 Sisymbrium weberbaueri O.E. Schulz



Sisymbrium weberbaueri O.E. Schulz

Reference: Flora Peru: 614: 979. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 7426* (F)
Departments: Moquegua.


$


 Sisyrinchium acaulis Klatt


Sisyrinchium acaulis Klatt = Olsynium acaulis (Klatt) Goldblatt

Reference: Goldblatt, P., P. Rudall & J. E. Henrich, 1990: 508. 


$


 Sisyrinchium azureum Phil.



Sisyrinchium azureum Phil.

$


 Sisyrinchium brevipes Baker



Sisyrinchium brevipes Baker

Reference: Flora Peru: 1199: 711. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean III: grasslands. 3500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Smith 9550 (F!)
Departments: Ancash, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Puno.


$


 Sisyrinchium bulbosum Mill.


Sisyrinchium bulbosum Mill. = Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb.

$


 Sisyrinchium caespitificum Kraenzl.



Sisyrinchium caespitificum Kraenzl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1199: 711. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: grasslands. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 2156 (F!), Weberbauer 3089 (MOL!)
Departments: Ancash, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Sisyrinchium chilense Hook.



Sisyrinchium chilense Hook.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1199: 711. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: grasslands. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 3423 (F!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Sisyrinchium convolutum Nocca



Sisyrinchium convolutum Nocca

Reference: Flora Peru: 1199: 712. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: grasslands. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 54028 (F!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Puno.


$


 Sisyrinchium grandiflorum Cav.


Sisyrinchium grandiflorum Cav. = Tigridia pavonia (L. f.) DC.

Reference: Molseed, E., 1970: 37. 


$


 Sisyrinchium iridifolium Kunth



Sisyrinchium iridifolium Kunth

Reference: Flora Peru: 1199: 712. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Sisyrinchium ivanii R. C. Foster



Sisyrinchium ivanii R. C. Foster

Reference: Foster, R. C., 1948: 30. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 2967 (US)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Sisyrinchium jamesoni Baker



Sisyrinchium jamesoni Baker

Reference: Flora Peru: 1199: 712. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: rocky slopes. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Smith et al. 10355A (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Cuzco, Puno.


$


 Sisyrinchium junceum E. Mey. ex Presl


Sisyrinchium junceum E. Mey. ex Presl = Olsynium junceum (E. Mey. ex Presl) Goldblatt

Reference: Goldblatt, P., P. Rudall & J. E. Henrich, 1990: 508. 


$


 Sisyrinchium micranthum Cav.



Sisyrinchium micranthum Cav.

$


 Sisyrinchium occissapungum Ruiz ex Klatt


Sisyrinchium occissapungum Ruiz ex Klatt = Orthrosanthus occissapungus (Ruiz Lopez ex Klatt) Diels

Reference: FP 1199: 715; Henrich, J. E. & P. Goldblatt, 1987: 581. 


$


 Sisyrinchium palmifolium L.



Sisyrinchium palmifolium L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1199: 713. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: grasslands. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Peyton & Peyton 125 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Sisyrinchium palustre Diels



Sisyrinchium palustre Diels

Reference: Flora Peru: 1199: 713. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Sisyrinchium paramorum Ravenna



Sisyrinchium paramorum Ravenna

Reference: Ravenna, P., 1991: 35. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: bogs. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: S&aacute;nchez 2682 (Hb. Ravenna)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Sisyrinchium porphyreum Kraenzl.



Sisyrinchium porphyreum Kraenzl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1199: 713. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean III: grasslands. 4000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 321* (photo F!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Sisyrinchium praealtum Kranzl.



Sisyrinchium praealtum Kranzl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1199: 713. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean III: grasslands. 4000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Smith et al. 9891 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Cajamarca, Cuzco.


$


 Sisyrinchium pusillum Kunth



Sisyrinchium pusillum Kunth

Reference: Flora Peru: 1199: 714. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean III: forests. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 37407 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Puno.


$


 Sisyrinchium rigidifolium Baker



Sisyrinchium rigidifolium Baker

Reference: Flora Peru: 1199: 714. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean III: grasslands. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Soukup 588 (F!)
Departments: Cuzco, Puno.


$


 Sisyrinchium tinctorium Kunth



Sisyrinchium tinctorium Kunth

$


 Sisyrinchium trinerve Baker



Sisyrinchium trinerve Baker

Reference: Flora Peru: 1199: 714; Henrich, J. E. & P. Goldblatt, 1987: 906. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean III: grasslands. 4000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Smith et al. 9186 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Sisyrinchium vaginatum Spreng.



Sisyrinchium vaginatum Spreng.

$


 Sisyrinchium weberbauerianum Kraenzl.


Sisyrinchium weberbauerianum Kraenzl. = Olsynium junceum (E. Mey. ex Presl) Goldblatt

Reference: Goldblatt, P., P. Rudall & J. E. Henrich, 1990: 508. 


$


 Sitodium altile Parkinson


Sitodium altile Parkinson = Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg

Reference: Fosberg, F. R., 1941: 95. 


$


 Sium apium Roth


Sium apium Roth = Apium graveolens L.

Reference: FP 1293: 9. 


$


 Sium conium Vest


Sium conium Vest = Conium maculatum L.

Reference: FP 1293: 38. 


$


 Sium graveolens (L.) Vest


Sium graveolens (L.) Vest = Apium graveolens L.

Reference: FP 1293: 9. 


$


 Sium nodiflorum Walter


Sium nodiflorum Walter = Ciclospermum leptophyllum var. leptophyllum 

Reference: FP 1293: 11. 


$


 Sloanea acutiflora Uitt.


Sloanea acutiflora Uitt. = Sloanea laxiflora Spruce ex Benth.

Reference: FP 1301: 440; Smith Jr., C. E., 1954: 82. 


$


 Sloanea brevipes Benth.



Sloanea brevipes Benth.

Reference: Smith Jr., C. E., 1954: 57. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Berlin 516 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto.


$


 Sloanea durissima Spruce ex Benth.



Sloanea durissima Spruce ex Benth.

Reference: Smith Jr., C. E., 1954: 81. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry 42632 (MO!),   
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Sloanea eichleri K. Sch.



Sloanea eichleri K. Sch.

Reference: Smith Jr., C. E., 1954: 38. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez 3284 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Sloanea fragrans Rusby



Sloanea fragrans Rusby

Reference: Flora Peru: 1301: 438; Smith Jr., C. E., 1954: 68. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Young 1000 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Sloanea gracilis Uitt.



Sloanea gracilis Uitt.

Reference: Smith Jr., C. E., 1954: 54. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry 25635 (MO!)
Departments: Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sloanea grandiflora Smith in Rees



Sloanea grandiflora Smith in Rees

Reference: Smith Jr., C. E., 1954: 69. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: D&iacute;az 1158 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, Ucayali.


$


 Sloanea granulosa Ducke



Sloanea granulosa Ducke

Reference: Flora Peru: 1301: 438; Smith Jr., C. E., 1954: 45. 
Ecology. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Pearce s.n. (K)
Departments: Ayacucho.


$


 Sloanea guianensis (Aubl.) Benth.



Sloanea guianensis (Aubl.) Benth.

Synonyms: Sloanea guianensis Aubl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1301: 439; Smith Jr., C. E., 1954: 33. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas, terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Stein 3934 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Sloanea latifolia (Rich.) Schum.



Sloanea latifolia (Rich.) Schum.

Synonyms: Sloanea latifolia Richard
Reference: Smith Jr., C. E., 1954: 79. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Revilla 2313 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Sloanea laurifolia Hung T. Chang



Sloanea laurifolia Hung T. Chang

Synonyms: Sloanea laurifolia Benth.
Reference: Smith Jr., C. E., 1954: 102. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ayala 3317 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco.


$


 Sloanea laxiflora Spruce ex Benth.



Sloanea laxiflora Spruce ex Benth.

Synonyms: Sloanea laxiflora Ducke, Sloanea laxiflora Uitt.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1301: 440; Smith Jr., C. E., 1954: 52. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 2544 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Pasco.


$


 Sloanea longicaudata Ducke


Sloanea longicaudata Ducke = Sloanea rufa Planch. ex Benth.

Reference: FP 1301: 440; Smith Jr., C. E., 1954: 43. 


$


 Sloanea macrophylla Benth. ex Turcz.



Sloanea macrophylla Benth. ex Turcz.

Reference: Smith Jr., C. E., 1954: 73. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry 57616 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Sloanea meianthera Donn. Sm.



Sloanea meianthera Donn. Sm.

Reference: Smith Jr., C. E., 1954: 30. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Revilla 1670 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco.


$


 Sloanea oppositifolia Spruce ex Benth.



Sloanea oppositifolia Spruce ex Benth.

Reference: Smith Jr., C. E., 1954: 102. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry 63446 (MO!)
Departments: Pasco.


$


 Sloanea picapica Standl.



Sloanea picapica Standl.

Reference: Smith Jr., C. E., 1954: 31. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 10040 (MO!)
Departments: Madre de Dios.


$


 Sloanea polyantha Ducke


Sloanea polyantha Ducke = Sloanea laxiflora Spruce ex Benth.

Reference: FP 1301: 440; Smith Jr., C. E., 1954: 82. 


$


 Sloanea pubescens (Poepp. & Endl.) Benth.



Sloanea pubescens (Poepp. & Endl.) Benth.

Synonyms: Sloanea pubescens Poepp. & Endl.
Reference: Smith Jr., C. E., 1954: 53. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ru&iacute;z 1296 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Sloanea quadrivalvis Seem.


Sloanea quadrivalvis Seem. = Sloanea terniflora (Mo&ccedil;. & Sess&eacute; ex DC.) Standl.

Reference: FP 1301: 441; Smith Jr., C. E., 1954: 95. 


$


 Sloanea robusta Uittien



Sloanea robusta Uittien

Reference: Smith Jr., C. E., 1954: 56. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Croat 18504 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Pasco.


$


 Sloanea rufa Planch. ex Benth.



Sloanea rufa Planch. ex Benth.

Synonyms: Sloanea rufa Ducke
Reference: Flora Peru: 1301: 440; Smith Jr., C. E., 1954: 43. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry 41545 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sloanea sinemariensis Aubl.



Sloanea sinemariensis Aubl.

Reference: Smith Jr., C. E., 1954: 51. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Croat 19577 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sloanea spathulata Earle Sm.



Sloanea spathulata Earle Sm.

Reference: Smith Jr., C. E., 1954: 43. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 4683 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sloanea stipitata Spruce ex Benth.



Sloanea stipitata Spruce ex Benth.

Reference: Smith Jr., C. E., 1954: 59. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Revilla 749 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Sloanea synandra Spruce ex Benth.



Sloanea synandra Spruce ex Benth.

Reference: Smith Jr., C. E., 1954: 84. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ar&oacute;stegui 136 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Pasco.


$


 Sloanea terniflora (Mo&ccedil;. & Sess&eacute; ex DC.) Standl.



Sloanea terniflora (Mo&ccedil;. & Sess&eacute; ex DC.) Standl.

Synonyms: Sloanea terniflora Mo&ccedil;. & Sess&eacute; ex DC., Sloanea terniflora Seem.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1301: 441; Smith Jr., C. E., 1954: 94. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Encarnaci&oacute;n 1246 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Sloanea tuerckheimii Donn. Sm.



Sloanea tuerckheimii Donn. Sm.

Reference: Smith Jr., C. E., 1954: 61. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez 6299 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Smallanthus fruticosus (Benth.) H. Rob.



Smallanthus fruticosus (Benth.) H. Rob.

Synonyms: Smallanthus fruticosus Benth.
Reference: Robinson, H., 1978: 49. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II-III: shrublands. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Smith et al. 12137 (F!)
Departments: Ancash, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Smallanthus glabratus (DC.) H. Rob.



Smallanthus glabratus (DC.) H. Rob.

Synonyms: Smallanthus glabratus DC.
Reference: Robinson, H., 1978: 49. 
Ecology: Cultivated shrub, treelet. Andean I-II: elfin forests, riversides, rocky slopes. 500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Pennell 14542 (F!)
Departments: Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Lima, La Libertad.


$


 Smallanthus jelskii (Hieron.) H. Rob.



Smallanthus jelskii (Hieron.) H. Rob.

Synonyms: Smallanthus jelskii Hieron.
Reference: Robinson, H., 1978: 49. 
Ecology. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Jelski 687* (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca.


$


 Smallanthus parviceps (S.F. Blake) H. Rob.



Smallanthus parviceps (S.F. Blake) H. Rob.

Synonyms: Smallanthus parviceps S.F. Blake
Reference: Robinson, H., 1978: 51. 
Ecology: Native subshrub. Andean II-III: grasslands, riversides. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Cook & Gilbert 818* (US!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Lambayeque, Piura, Puno.


$


 Smallanthus riparius (Kunth) H. Rob.



Smallanthus riparius (Kunth) H. Rob.

Synonyms: Smallanthus riparius Kunth
Reference: Robinson, H., 1978: 51. 
Ecology: Native shrub. . 
Note: No vouchers cited by Robinson (1987b). 


$


 Smallanthus siegesbeckius (DC.) H. Rob.



Smallanthus siegesbeckius (DC.) H. Rob.

Synonyms: Smallanthus siegesbeckius DC.
Reference: Robinson, H., 1978: 51. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests. 500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Klug 3399 (F!)
Departments: Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp. & Endl.) H. Rob.



Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp. & Endl.) H. Rob.

Synonyms: Smallanthus sonchifolius Poepp. & Endl., Smallanthus sonchifolius Wedd.
Reference: Robinson, H., 1978: 51. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 3421 (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Smilax argyrea Lind. & Rod.



Smilax argyrea Lind. & Rod.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1187: 625. 
Note: Based on a sterile, mottled-leaved plant introduced into Europe from Peru in 1891 for its unusual coloration.  Probably a sport of another Peruvian species of Smilax. 


$


 Smilax bella J.F. Macbr.



Smilax bella J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1187: 625. 
Ecology: Endemic liana. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 374* (F), Klug 1600 (NY!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Smilax colubrina J.F. Macbr.



Smilax colubrina J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1187: 625. 
Ecology: Endemic liana. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 1327* (F), Klug 886 (NY!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Smilax cumanensis Willd.



Smilax cumanensis Willd.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1187: 626. 
Ecology: Native vine. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Name probably misapplied to Peruvian material; should be compared with other species described from Peru. 
Voucher: Klug 869 (NY!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto.


$


 Smilax eucalyptifolia Kunth



Smilax eucalyptifolia Kunth

Synonyms: Smilax eucalyptifolia Presl
Reference: Flora Peru: 1187: 626. 
Ecology: Native liana. Andean I-II: forests. 500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz s.n.* , Woytkowski 7820 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto.


$


 Smilax febrifuga Kunth



Smilax febrifuga Kunth

Reference: Flora Peru: 1187: 626. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 5050 (NY!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Smilax floribunda Kunth


Smilax floribunda Kunth = Smilax kunthii Killip

Reference: FP 1187: 627. 
Note: nom. illeg.  


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 Smilax gilva J.F. Macbr.



Smilax gilva J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1187: 627. 
Ecology: Endemic vine. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 874* (F!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Smilax insignis Kunth



Smilax insignis Kunth

Reference: Flora Peru: 1187: 627. 
Ecology: Native vine. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz s.n.* (photo MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Smilax irrorata Mart. ex Griseb.



Smilax irrorata Mart. ex Griseb.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1187: 627. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 6273 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Smilax kunthii Killip



Smilax kunthii Killip

Synonyms: Smilax kunthii Kunth
Reference: Killip, E. P. & C. V. Morton, 1936: 269. 
Ecology: Native liana. Andean II: forests. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui et al. 12416 (F, HUT)
Departments: Cajamarca, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Smilax longifolia Rich.



Smilax longifolia Rich.

Synonyms: Smilax longifolia Poir.
Reference: Andreata, R. H., 1980: 199. 
Ecology: Native liana. .. 0-500 m. 
Note: Plants with robust winged stems, tentatively placed with this strongly aculeate-stemmed species. 
Voucher: Berlin 1820 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto.


$


 Smilax magnifolia J.F. Macbr.



Smilax magnifolia J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1187: 628. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 1000* (F), Killip & Smith 29892 (NY!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Smilax obliquata Poir.



Smilax obliquata Poir.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1187: 628. 
Ecology: Native vine. . 
Note: Not reconfirmed. ; author incorrectly cited as Poiret in the Flora of Peru.  


$


 Smilax papyracea Poir.


Smilax papyracea Poir. = Smilax longifolia Rich.

Reference: FP 1187: 628. 
Note: Author incorrectly cited as Poiret in the Flora of Peru.  


$


 Smilax poeppigii Kunth



Smilax poeppigii Kunth

Reference: Flora Peru: 1187: 628. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests. 0-3000 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 1960* , Klug 3875 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Smilax ruizana Kunth



Smilax ruizana Kunth

Reference: Flora Peru: 1187: 629. 
Ecology. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 5591 (NY!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Smilax schomburgkiana Kunth



Smilax schomburgkiana Kunth

Reference: Flora Peru: 1187: 629. 
Ecology: Native vine. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Revilla 1047 (NY!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Smilax spruceana DC.,A.



Smilax spruceana DC.,A.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1187: 629. 
Note: Listed in the Flora of Peru as expected. 


$


 Smilax subinermis Presl


Smilax subinermis Presl = Smilax eucalyptifolia Kunth

Reference: FP 1187: 626. 


$


 Smilax tomentosa Kunth



Smilax tomentosa Kunth

Reference: Flora Peru: 1187: 629. 
Ecology: Native vine. Andean II: forests. 1500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Wurdack 1393 (NY!), Weberbauer 2165 (MOL!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco.


$


 Smilax vaga J.F. Macbr.



Smilax vaga J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Macbride, J., 1931: 46. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Williams 6757* (F)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Smilax williamsi J.F. Macbr.



Smilax williamsi J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1187: 629. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Williams 5432* (F)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Soaresia nitida Allem&atilde;o


Soaresia nitida Allem&atilde;o = Clarisia racemosa Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1233: 314; Burger, W. C., 1962: 24. 


$


 Sobralia alstroemerioides Schltr.


Sobralia alstroemerioides Schltr. = Sobralia scopulorum Rchb. f.

Reference: FP 1438: 75; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Sobralia amplexicaulis Ruiz & Pav.


Sobralia amplexicaulis Ruiz & Pav. = Epistephium amplexicaule (Ruiz & Pav.) Poepp. & Endl.

Reference: FP 1438: 46; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Sobralia biflora Ruiz & Pav.



Sobralia biflora Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 69; Garay, L. A., 1978: 113; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Sobralia candida (Poepp. & Endl.) Rchb. f.



Sobralia candida (Poepp. & Endl.) Rchb. f.

Synonyms: Sobralia candida Poepp. & Endl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 70; Garay, L. A., 1978: 114; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean I-II: forests. 500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 1637* (W), Schunke 7543 (MO!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sobralia ciliata (C. Presl) C. Schweinf. & Foldats



Sobralia ciliata (C. Presl) C. Schweinf. & Foldats

Synonyms: Sobralia ciliata C. Presl
Reference: Flora Peru: 1510: 3; Garay, L. A., 1978: 114; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: disturbed areas. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Presl s.n.* , Smith 4811 (MO!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sobralia crocea (Poepp. & Endl.) Rchb. f.



Sobralia crocea (Poepp. & Endl.) Rchb. f.

Synonyms: Sobralia crocea Poepp. & Endl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 71; Garay, L. A., 1978: 117; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II: forests. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 1580* (W), Knapp & Alcorn 7746 (MO!)
Departments: Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sobralia dichotoma Ruiz & Pav.



Sobralia dichotoma Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Sobralia dichotoma (Ruiz & Pav.) Beer, Sobralia dichotoma Rchb. f.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 71; Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 173. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Solomon 3131 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Sobralia dorbignyana Rchb. f.



Sobralia dorbignyana Rchb. f.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 72; Garay, L. A., 1978: 118; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Sobralia fimbriata Poepp. & Endl.



Sobralia fimbriata Poepp. & Endl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 73; Garay, L. A., 1978: 120; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 1779* (W)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Sobralia gloriosa Rchb. f.



Sobralia gloriosa Rchb. f.

Reference: Garay, L. A., 1978: 122; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Dillon et al. 1238 (MO!)
Departments: Puno.


$


 Sobralia klotzscheana Rchb. f.



Sobralia klotzscheana Rchb. f.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 73; Garay, L. A., 1978: 124; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (W)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Sobralia leucoxantha Rchb. f.



Sobralia leucoxantha Rchb. f.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 74; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Sobralia liliastrum Lindl.



Sobralia liliastrum Lindl.

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: D&iacute;az & Aronson 736A (MO!)
Departments: Ucayali.


$


 Sobralia macrophylla Rchb. f.



Sobralia macrophylla Rchb. f.

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 0-1000 m. 


$


 Sobralia mandonii Rchb. f.


Sobralia mandonii Rchb. f. = Sobralia dichotoma Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1438: 71; Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 173. 


$


 Sobralia micrantha Kraenzl.


Sobralia micrantha Kraenzl. = Elleanthus virgatus (Rchb. f.) C. Schweinf.

Reference: Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Sobralia rosea Poepp. & Endl.



Sobralia rosea Poepp. & Endl.

Synonyms: Sobralia rosea Linden ex Lindl. pro syn.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 74; Garay, L. A., 1978: 132; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests, riversides, rocky slopes. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 1076* (W), Gentry et al. 37640 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sobralia ruckeri Linden ex Lindl. pro syn.


Sobralia ruckeri Linden ex Lindl. pro syn. = Sobralia rosea Poepp. & Endl.

Reference: FP 1438: 74; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Sobralia scopulorum Rchb. f.



Sobralia scopulorum Rchb. f.

Synonyms: Sobralia scopulorum Schltr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 75; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2000-3000 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Sobralia sessilis (Lindl.) Lindl.



Sobralia sessilis (Lindl.) Lindl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1510: 3; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Sobralia setigera Poepp. & Endl.



Sobralia setigera Poepp. & Endl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 76; Garay, L. A., 1978: 133; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology. 500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 1665* (W)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Sobralia stenophylla Lindl.



Sobralia stenophylla Lindl.

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Sobralia suaveolens Rchb. f.



Sobralia suaveolens Rchb. f.

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry & Smith 36059 (MO!)
Departments: Pasco.


$


 Sobralia violacea Linden ex Lindl.



Sobralia violacea Linden ex Lindl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 76; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-3500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry & Daly 18314 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sobralia weberbaueriana Kraenzl.



Sobralia weberbaueriana Kraenzl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 77; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Sobreyra oblonga Ruiz & Pav.


Sobreyra oblonga Ruiz & Pav. = Enydra sessilifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Cabrera

$


 Sobreyra sessilifolia Ruiz & Pav.


Sobreyra sessilifolia Ruiz & Pav. = Enydra sessilifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Cabrera

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1960: 206. 


$


 Socratea exorrhiza (Mart.) H. Wendl.



Socratea exorrhiza (Mart.) H. Wendl.

Synonyms: Socratea exorrhiza Mart.
Reference: Flora Peru: 39695: 356. 
Ecology: Native herb, tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 4819 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Socratea salazarii H.E. Moore



Socratea salazarii H.E. Moore

Reference: Moore Jr., H. E., 1963: 112. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian, Andean I: terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Moore et al. 8366* (BH, USM), Barbour 4473 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sodiroa graminifolia Andr&eacute; ex Baker


Sodiroa graminifolia Andr&eacute; ex Baker = Guzmania graminifolia (Andr&eacute; ex Baker) L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1360. 


$


 Sodiroella ecuadorensis Schltr.



Sodiroella ecuadorensis Schltr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1510: 78; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Solandra boliviana Britton



Solandra boliviana Britton

Reference: Bernardello, L. M. & A. T. Hunziker, 1987: 644. 
Ecology: Native hemiepiphyte, liana, subshrub. Andean I-II: terra firme forests. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 5551 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Solandra grandiflora Sw.



Solandra grandiflora Sw.

Synonyms: Solandra grandiflora J.F. Gmel.


$


 Solandra longiflora Tussac



Solandra longiflora Tussac

Synonyms: Solandra longiflora Britton & P. Wilson


$


 Solanum abancayense Ochoa



Solanum abancayense Ochoa

$


 Solanum abbottianum Juzepczuk


Solanum abbottianum Juzepczuk = Solanum bukasovii var. bukasovii 

Reference: FP 1354: 394; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 137. 


$


 Solanum abitaguense S. Knapp



Solanum abitaguense S. Knapp

Reference: Knapp, S., 1986: 141. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean I-II: cloud forests. 1000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Knapp & Mallet 6586 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Solanum acaule Bitter



Solanum acaule Bitter

Synonyms: Solanum acaule (Babington) Pojarkova, Solanum acaule (Juzepczuk) Hawkes, Solanum acaule (Juzepczuk) Hawkes & Hjerting, Solanum acaule Bitter, Solanum acaule Bitter, Solanum acaule Cardenas, Solanum acaule Hawkes, Solanum acaule Hawkes, Solanum acaule Juzepczuk, Solanum acaule Juzepczuk
Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 385; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 183. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean III: disturbed areas, forests, grasslands. 3500-4500 m. 
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 7622 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Pasco, Puno, Tacna.


$


 Solanum acaule subsp. albicans (Ochoa) Hawkes


Solanum acaule subsp. albicans (Ochoa) Hawkes = Solanum albicans (Ochoa) Ochoa

$


 Solanum acaule subsp. punae (Juzepczuk) Hawkes & Hjerting


Solanum acaule subsp. punae (Juzepczuk) Hawkes & Hjerting = Solanum acaule Bitter

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 183. 


$


 Solanum acaule var. albicans Ochoa


Solanum acaule var. albicans Ochoa = Solanum albicans (Ochoa) Ochoa

Reference: FP 1354: 390; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 185. 


$


 Solanum acaule var. caulescens Bitter


Solanum acaule var. caulescens Bitter = Solanum acaule Bitter

Reference: FP 1354: 385; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 183. 


$


 Solanum acaule var. checcae Hawkes


Solanum acaule var. checcae Hawkes = Solanum acaule Bitter

Reference: FP 1354: 385; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 183. 


$


 Solanum acaule var. punae (Juzepczuk) Hawkes


Solanum acaule var. punae (Juzepczuk) Hawkes = Solanum acaule Bitter

Reference: FP  1354: 385; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 183. 


$


 Solanum acaule var. subexinterruptum Bitter


Solanum acaule var. subexinterruptum Bitter = Solanum acaule Bitter

Reference: FP 1354: 385; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 183. 


$


 Solanum acerifolium Dunal



Solanum acerifolium Dunal

Synonyms: Solanum acerifolium Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.
Reference: Nee, M. H., 1979: 249. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: disturbed areas, forests. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Gay 1505 (P)
Departments: Cajamarca, Cuzco.


$


 Solanum acroglossum Juzepczuk



Solanum acroglossum Juzepczuk

Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 309. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Juzepczuk 10672* (LE)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Solanum acroscopicum Ochoa



Solanum acroscopicum Ochoa

Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 339. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   
Departments: Moquegua, Tacna.


$


 Solanum actaeibotrys Rusby



Solanum actaeibotrys Rusby

$


 Solanum acuminatum Ruiz & Pav.



Solanum acuminatum Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Solanum acuminatum Bitter, Solanum acuminatum Britton ex Rusby
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 195; Knapp, S., 1986: 145. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree, treelet. Andean I-II: disturbed areas, terra firme forests. 1000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* , Knapp et al. 6328 (US, USM)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Solanum acutangulum (Bitter) J.F. Macbr.


Solanum acutangulum (Bitter) J.F. Macbr. = Lycianthes acutangula subsp. acutangula 

$


 Solanum acutangulum Griseb.


Solanum acutangulum Griseb. = Lycianthes acutangula subsp. acutangula 

Reference: FP 1349: 229. 
Note: nom. nud.  


$


 Solanum acutifolium Ruiz & Pav.


Solanum acutifolium Ruiz & Pav. = Lycianthes acutifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Bitter

Reference: FP 1349: 230. 


$


 Solanum agrimoniifolium (Dunal) J.F. Macbr.


Solanum agrimoniifolium (Dunal) J.F. Macbr. = Lycopersicon hirsutum Dunal

Reference: FP 1349: 159. 


$


 Solanum ajanhuiri Juzepczuk & Bukasov



Solanum ajanhuiri Juzepczuk & Bukasov

$


 Solanum alatibaccatum Bitter



Solanum alatibaccatum Bitter

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 179; Knapp, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 23055 (US!)
Departments: Ayacucho.


$


 Solanum albicans (Ochoa) Ochoa



Solanum albicans (Ochoa) Ochoa

Synonyms: Solanum albicans (Ochoa) Hawkes, Solanum albicans Ochoa
Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 390. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: grasslands. 3000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Smith et al. 12179 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, Lima.


$


 Solanum albidum Dunal



Solanum albidum Dunal

Synonyms: Solanum albidum Dunal, Solanum albidum Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 245; Whalen, M. D., 1984: 236. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree, treelet. Andean I-II, Coastal: disturbed areas, forests, lomas. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* , N&uacute;&ntilde;ez et al. 8273 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, La Libertad, Loreto, Piura, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Solanum aligerum Schltdl.



Solanum aligerum Schltdl.

Synonyms: Solanum aligerum Bitter, Solanum aligerum Van Huerck & Muell. Arg.


$


 Solanum aloysiifolium Dunal



Solanum aloysiifolium Dunal

$


 Solanum alticola Bitter


Solanum alticola Bitter = Solanum megistacrolobum Bitter

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 101. 


$


 Solanum alticola var. xanthotrichum Hawkes


Solanum alticola var. xanthotrichum Hawkes = Solanum megistacrolobum Bitter

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 101. 


$


 Solanum altissimum Benitez



Solanum altissimum Benitez

$


 Solanum amabile Vargas


Solanum amabile Vargas = Solanum bukasovii var. bukasovii 

Reference: FP 1354: 398; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 138; Ochoa, C. M., 1992: 166. 


$


 Solanum amatitlanense Coulter & J. D. Smith


Solanum amatitlanense Coulter & J. D. Smith = Lycianthes amatitlanensis (Coulter & J. D. Smith) Bitter

Reference: Nee, pers. comm.. 


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 Solanum amayanum Ochoa



Solanum amayanum Ochoa

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 Solanum amblophyllum Hook.



Solanum amblophyllum Hook.

Synonyms: Solanum amblophyllum Bitter
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 196; Knapp, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II-III: grasslands, shrublands. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Wilkes Exped. s.n.* , Gentry 21685 (MO!)
Departments: Lima.


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 Solanum ambosinum Ochoa



Solanum ambosinum Ochoa

Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 399. 
Ecology. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 4067 
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco.


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 Solanum americanum Mill.



Solanum americanum Mill.

Synonyms: Solanum americanum (Jacq.) A. Gray, Solanum americanum (Mill.) O.E. Schulz, Solanum americanum Bitter, Solanum americanum Bitter, Solanum americanum Bitter, Solanum americanum Jacq.
Reference: D'Arcy, W. G., 1973: 735. 
Ecology. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: D&iacute;az et al. 3539 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lambayeque, Lima, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Piura, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Solanum amnicola S. Knapp



Solanum amnicola S. Knapp

Reference: Knapp, S., 1986: 295. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, riversides. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Knapp & Mallet 6651* (US!, USM!), Foster et al. 10658 (F!, USM!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Loreto, Pasco.


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 Solanum amotapense Svenson



Solanum amotapense Svenson

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 197; Svenson, H. K., 1946: 483. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: forests, shrublands. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Haught & Svenson 11634* (BKL), Haught 195 (US)
Departments: Cajamarca, Tumbes, Piura.


$


 Solanum anamatophilum Ochoa



Solanum anamatophilum Ochoa

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 104. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  
Departments: Ancash.


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 Solanum anceps Ruiz & Pav.



Solanum anceps Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Solanum anceps (Ruiz & Pav.) Rusby
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 198. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub, subshrub. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Smith & V&aacute;squez 4899 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Solanum ancophilum (Correll) Ochoa


Solanum ancophilum (Correll) Ochoa = Solanum rhomboideilanceolatum Ochoa

Reference: FP 27951: 147. 


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 Solanum andersonii Ochoa



Solanum andersonii Ochoa

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 Solanum andigenum Juzepczuk & Bukasov


Solanum andigenum Juzepczuk & Bukasov = Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena (Juzepczuk & Bukasov) Hawkes

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 182. 


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 Solanum angulatum Ruiz & Pav.


Solanum angulatum Ruiz & Pav. = Solanum quitoense Lam.

Reference: FP 1349: 259. 


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 Solanum angustialatum Bitter



Solanum angustialatum Bitter

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 198. 
Ecology. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 6260* (W), Knapp & Mallett 8567 (F!, USM!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Solanum angustifolium Ruiz & Pav.


Solanum angustifolium Ruiz & Pav. = Solanum cutervanum Zahlbr.

Reference: FP 1349: 209; Knapp, S., 1989: 90. 


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 Solanum anisophyllum Van Heurck & M&uuml;ll. Arg.



Solanum anisophyllum Van Heurck & M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 199; Knapp, S., 1986: 154. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 4380* (NY), Mexia 6247 (F)
Departments: Amazonas, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


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 Solanum anomalocalyx Hawkes


Solanum anomalocalyx Hawkes = Solanum sparsipilum subsp. sparsipilum (Bitter) Vavilov

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 168. 


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 Solanum anomalocalyx var. llallaguanianum Cardenas & Hawkes


Solanum anomalocalyx var. llallaguanianum Cardenas & Hawkes = Solanum sparsipilum subsp. sparsipilum (Bitter) Vavilov

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 169. 


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 Solanum antacochense C. Ochoa



Solanum antacochense C. Ochoa

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 212. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac.


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 Solanum apalophyllum Dunal


Solanum apalophyllum Dunal = Solanum filiforme Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1354: 288. 


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 Solanum aphyodendron Knapp



Solanum aphyodendron Knapp

Reference: Knapp, S., 1985: 565; Knapp, S., 1986: 156. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean II: disturbed areas. 1000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Iltis et al. 322 (US, USM)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco, Puno.


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 Solanum appressum Roe



Solanum appressum Roe

Reference: Roe, K. E., 1972: 263. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Iltis & Iltis 296* (WIS), Klug 3576 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Solanum apurimacense Vargas


Solanum apurimacense Vargas = Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena (Juzepczuk & Bukasov) Hawkes

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 182. 


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 Solanum aracc-papa Rybin



Solanum aracc-papa Rybin

Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 402. 
Note: Considered a nomen dubium by Hawkes (1990: 212).  
Departments: Cuzco.


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 Solanum arenarium Sendtner



Solanum arenarium Sendtner

Synonyms: Solanum arenarium Sprengel
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 201; Knapp, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Solanum arequipense Bitter


Solanum arequipense Bitter = Solanum furcatum Dunal

Reference: FP 1349: 165; Edmonds, J. M., 1972: 107. 


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 Solanum argenteum Dunal



Solanum argenteum Dunal

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 Solanum ariduphilum Ochoa



Solanum ariduphilum Ochoa

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 125. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


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 Solanum asarifolium Kunth & Bouche


Solanum asarifolium Kunth & Bouche = Lycianthes asarifolia (Kunth & Bouche) Bitter

Reference: FP 1349: 230. 


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 Solanum asperolanatum Ruiz & Pav.



Solanum asperolanatum Ruiz & Pav.

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 Solanum asperolanatum var.asperolanatum



Solanum asperolanatum var. asperolanatum 

Synonyms: Solanum asperolanatum asperolanatum Dunal, Solanum asperolanatum asperolanatum Pers.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 246; Whalen, M. D., 1984: 236. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean II: disturbed areas, shrublands. 1500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison 1134 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lambayeque, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Solanum asperolanatum var.tovarianum J.F. Macbr.



Solanum asperolanatum var. tovarianum J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 247. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. . 
Voucher: Metcalf 30547* 
Departments: Puno.


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 Solanum asperrimum Bitter & Moritz


Solanum asperrimum Bitter & Moritz = Solanum aturense Dunal

Reference: FP 1349: 250; Whalen, M. D., 1984: 241. 


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 Solanum asperum Pers.


Solanum asperum Pers. = Solanum asperolanatum var. asperolanatum 

Reference: FP 1349: 246; Whalen, M. D., 1984: 236. 


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 Solanum asperum Richard



Solanum asperum Richard

Synonyms: Solanum asperum Sendtner, Solanum asperum Vahl
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 222. 
Note: Not reconfirmed. ; probably not in Peru.  


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 Solanum astroites Jacq.


Solanum astroites Jacq. = Solanum saponaceum Dunal

Reference: FP 1349: 250; Whalen, M. D., 1984: 237. 


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 Solanum atricoeruleum Bitter



Solanum atricoeruleum Bitter

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 165. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Solanum atriplicifolium Nees


Solanum atriplicifolium Nees = Solanum excisirhombeum Bitter

Reference: FP 1349: 167; Edmonds, J. M., 1972: 101. 


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 Solanum atriplicifolium var. minus Walpers


Solanum atriplicifolium var. minus Walpers = Solanum sarrachoides Sendtner

Reference: FP 1349: 167; Edmonds, J. M., 1986: 16. 


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 Solanum aturense Dunal



Solanum aturense Dunal

Synonyms: Solanum aturense Bitter & Moritz
Reference: Whalen, M. D., 1984: 241. 
Ecology: Native vine. Andean I-II: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Plowman et al. 7306 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto.


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 Solanum augusti Ochoa



Solanum augusti Ochoa

Reference: Ochoa, C., 1974: 12. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ochoa 3317* (Hb. Ochoa)
Departments: Ancash.


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 Solanum aureum Dunal



Solanum aureum Dunal

Synonyms: Solanum aureum Bitter
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 199. 
Ecology: Native shrub, vine. Andean II: disturbed areas. 3500-4000 m. 
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Piura, Puno.


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 Solanum aureum var. angustelanceolatum Bitter


Solanum aureum var. angustelanceolatum Bitter = Solanum cutervanum Zahlbr.

Reference: FP 1349: 199; Knapp, S., 1989: 90. 


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 Solanum aureum var. latelanceolatum Bitter


Solanum aureum var. latelanceolatum Bitter = Solanum aureum Dunal

Reference: FP 1349: 199. 


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 Solanum ayacuchense Ochoa



Solanum ayacuchense Ochoa

Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 341; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 115. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: cloud forests. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  
Departments: Ayacucho.


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 Solanum aymaraesense Ochoa



Solanum aymaraesense Ochoa

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 150. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Ochoa 4150* (US)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac.


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 Solanum barbeyanum Huber



Solanum barbeyanum Huber

Synonyms: Solanum barbeyanum Bitter, Solanum barbeyanum Dunal, Solanum barbeyanum Kuntze
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 247. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub, subshrub, tree, vine. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Huber 1335* , Knapp et al. 7650 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Solanum barbulatum Zahlbr.



Solanum barbulatum Zahlbr.

Synonyms: Solanum barbulatum Bitter, Solanum barbulatum Bitter, Solanum barbulatum Bitter, Solanum barbulatum Bitter, Solanum barbulatum Bitter
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 196; Knapp, S., 1986: 166. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, forests. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Jelski 56* (W), Woytkowski 7825 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, La Libertad, Piura, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Solanum basendopogon Bitter



Solanum basendopogon Bitter

Synonyms: Solanum basendopogon Correll
Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 281. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: disturbed areas, rocky slopes. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui 9991 (MO!)
Departments: Arequipa, Cajamarca, Lima, La Libertad.


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 Solanum basendopogon fo. obtusum Correll


Solanum basendopogon fo. obtusum Correll = Solanum basendopogon Bitter

Reference: FP 1354: 282. 


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 Solanum betacea Cav.


Solanum betacea Cav. = Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendtn.

Reference: FP 1349: 12. 


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 Solanum bicolor Roemer & Schultes



Solanum bicolor Roemer & Schultes

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 223; Roe, K. E., 1972: 276. 
Note: Not reconfirmed. ; probably not in Peru.  


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 Solanum biformifolium Ruiz & Pav.


Solanum biformifolium Ruiz & Pav. = Lycianthes biformifolia (R. & P.) Bitter

Reference: FP 1349: 231. 


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 Solanum billhookeri Ochoa



Solanum billhookeri Ochoa

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 150. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


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 Solanum blanco-galdosii C. Ochoa



Solanum blanco-galdosii C. Ochoa

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 125. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  
Departments: Cajamarca.


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 Solanum brachylobum Van Heurck & M&uuml;ll. Arg.


Solanum brachylobum Van Heurck & M&uuml;ll. Arg. = Lycianthes brachyloba (van Heurck & Muell. Arg.) Bitter

Reference: FP 1349: 232. 


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 Solanum brevifolium Dunal



Solanum brevifolium Dunal

Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 290. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui 10704 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$



$


 Solanum brevipedunculatum Rusby


Solanum brevipedunculatum Rusby = Solanum leucocarpon Dunal

Reference: FP 1349: 170; Knapp, S., 1986: 177. 


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 Solanum buesii Vargas



Solanum buesii Vargas

Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 344; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 107. 
Ecology. 2000-4000 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  
Departments: Cuzco.


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 Solanum bukasovii Rybin



Solanum bukasovii Rybin

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 Solanum bukasovii var.bukasovii



Solanum bukasovii var. bukasovii 

Synonyms: Solanum bukasovii bukasovii A.D. Hawkes, Solanum bukasovii bukasovii Hawkes, Solanum bukasovii bukasovii Hawkes, Solanum bukasovii bukasovii Hawkes, Solanum bukasovii bukasovii Hawkes, Solanum bukasovii bukasovii Hawkes, Solanum bukasovii bukasovii Hawkes, Solanum bukasovii bukasovii Juzepczuk, Solanum bukasovii bukasovii Ochoa, Solanum bukasovii bukasovii Ochoa, Solanum bukasovii bukasovii Vargas, Solanum bukasovii bukasovii Vargas, Solanum bukasovii bukasovii Vargas, Solanum bukasovii subsp. bukasovii (Ochoa) Hawkes, Solanum bukasovii var. bukasovii (Hawkes) Ochoa, Solanum bukasovii var. bukasovii (Ochoa) Correll, Solanum bukasovii var. bukasovii (Vargas) Ochoa, Solanum bukasovii var. bukasovii (Vargas) Ochoa, Solanum bukasovii var. bukasovii Vargas, Solanum bukasovii var. bukasovii Vargas, Solanum bukasovii var. bukasovii Vargas, Solanum bukasovii var. bukasovii Vargas
Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 403; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 137; Ochoa, C. M., 1992: 166. 
Ecology. 3000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Juzepczuk 7605*, 7611* (LE), Kalenborn 7 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Hu&aacute;nuco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Pasco.


$


 Solanum bukasovii var.multidissectum (Hawkes) Ochoa



Solanum bukasovii var. multidissectum (Hawkes) Ochoa

Synonyms: Solanum bukasovii multidissectum Hawkes, Solanum bukasovii multidissectum Hawkes, Solanum bukasovii fo. multidissectum (Hawkes) Correll
Reference: Ochoa, C. M., 1992: 167. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


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 Solanum caesium Griseb.



Solanum caesium Griseb.

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 Solanum cajamarquense Ochoa



Solanum cajamarquense Ochoa

Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 359; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 137. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Correll & Smith P848 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


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 Solanum calcense Hawkes


Solanum calcense Hawkes = Solanum sparsipilum subsp. calcense (Hawkes) Hawkes

Reference: FP 1354: 442. 


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 Solanum calcense var. urubambae Vargas


Solanum calcense var. urubambae Vargas = Solanum sparsipilum subsp. sparsipilum (Bitter) Vavilov

Reference: FP 1354: 443. 


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 Solanum callianthemum Bitter


Solanum callianthemum Bitter = Solanum multifidum Lam.

Reference: FP 1349: 184. 
Note: nom. inval.  


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 Solanum calygnaphalum Ruiz & Pav.


Solanum calygnaphalum Ruiz & Pav. = Solanum nitidum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1349: 209; Knapp, S., 1989: 78. 


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 Solanum campaniforme Roemer & Schultes



Solanum campaniforme Roemer & Schultes

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 203. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Solanum campechiense L.



Solanum campechiense L.

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 Solanum canasense Hawkes


Solanum canasense Hawkes = Solanum bukasovii var. bukasovii 

Reference: FP 1354: 405; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 138; Ochoa, C. M., 1992: 166. 


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 Solanum canasense var. alba Vargas


Solanum canasense var. alba Vargas = Solanum bukasovii var. bukasovii 

Reference: FP 1354: 405; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 138; Ochoa, C. M., 1992: 166. 


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 Solanum canasense var. calcense Vargas


Solanum canasense var. calcense Vargas = Solanum bukasovii var. bukasovii 

Reference: FP 1354: 409; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 138; Ochoa, C. M., 1992: 166. 


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 Solanum canasense var. intihuatanense Vargas


Solanum canasense var. intihuatanense Vargas = Solanum bukasovii var. bukasovii 

Reference: FP 1354: 409; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 138; Ochoa, C. M., 1992: 166. 


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 Solanum canasense var. latifolia (Vargas) Ochoa


Solanum canasense var. latifolia (Vargas) Ochoa = Solanum bukasovii var. bukasovii 

Reference: FP 1354: 409; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 138; Ochoa, C. M., 1992: 166. 


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 Solanum canasense var. lechnoviczii (Hawkes) Ochoa


Solanum canasense var. lechnoviczii (Hawkes) Ochoa = Solanum bukasovii var. bukasovii 

Reference: FP 1354: 405; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 138; Ochoa, C. M., 1992: 166. 


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 Solanum canasense var. neohawkesii (Ochoa) Correll


Solanum canasense var. neohawkesii (Ochoa) Correll = Solanum bukasovii var. bukasovii 

Reference: FP 1354: 409; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 137. 


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 Solanum canasense var. xerophyllum (Vargas) Correll


Solanum canasense var. xerophyllum (Vargas) Correll = Solanum marinasense Vargas

Reference: FP 1354: 410; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 138; Ochoa, C. M., 1992: 167. 


$


 Solanum candicans Dunal


Solanum candicans Dunal = Lycianthes lycioides (L.) Hassl.

Reference: FP 1349: 238. 


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 Solanum candidum Lindl.



Solanum candidum Lindl.

Synonyms: Solanum candidum A. Gray
Reference: Whalen, M. D., D. E. Costich & C. B. Heiser, 1981: 96. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Berlin 1534 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas.


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 Solanum cantense Ochoa



Solanum cantense Ochoa

Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 311; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 122. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  
Departments: Lima.


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 Solanum capsicoides All.



Solanum capsicoides All.

Reference: Nee, M. H., 1979: 178. 
Ecology: Introduced Amazonian: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 3544 (US)
Departments: Cajamarca, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Solanum caricaefolium Rusby



Solanum caricaefolium Rusby

Reference: Whalen, M. D., 1984: 236. 
Ecology. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Knapp & Mallett 6327 (BH!, USM!)
Departments: Cuzco, Madre de Dios, Moquegua, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Solanum caripense Dunal



Solanum caripense Dunal

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 Solanum caripense var.caripense



Solanum caripense var. caripense 

Synonyms: Solanum caripense caripense Bitter
Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 284. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub, vine. Andean II: disturbed areas, forests, riversides, shrublands. 1500-3500 m. 
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Lambayeque, La Libertad.


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 Solanum caripense var.stellatum Correll



Solanum caripense var. stellatum Correll

Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 288. 
Ecology: Andean II: disturbed areas. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


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 Solanum carnosipes Rusby


Solanum carnosipes Rusby = Solanum riparium Pers.

Reference: Roe, K. E., 1972: 259. 


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 Solanum catarthrum Juzepczuk


Solanum catarthrum Juzepczuk = Solanum sparsipilum subsp. sparsipilum (Bitter) Vavilov

Reference: FP 1354: 412; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 168. 


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 Solanum caudatum Dunal



Solanum caudatum Dunal

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 200. 
Ecology: Native shrub. . 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (G)


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 Solanum chachapoyasense Bitter



Solanum chachapoyasense Bitter

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 200. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Mathews s.n.*  , Hutchison & Wright 5597 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Jun&iacute;n.


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 Solanum chacoense Bitter



Solanum chacoense Bitter

Synonyms: Solanum chacoense Correll
Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 94. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez & Delgado 7943 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


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 Solanum chaetophorum Morton


Solanum chaetophorum Morton = Solanum tenuispinum Rusby

Reference: Nee, pers. comm.. 


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 Solanum chamaepolybotryon Bitter



Solanum chamaepolybotryon Bitter

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 179. 
Ecology. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 4432* (W!), Knapp & Mallett 6590 (K!, USM!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Solanum chancayense Ochoa



Solanum chancayense Ochoa

Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 412; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 139. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean I, Coastal: lomas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra & Hjerting 14144 (MO!)
Departments: Lima, La Libertad.


$


 Solanum chaucha Juzepczuk & Bukasov



Solanum chaucha Juzepczuk & Bukasov

Synonyms: Solanum chaucha Hawkes, Solanum chaucha Juzepczuk & Bukasov, Solanum chaucha Juzepczuk & Bukasov
Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 176. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  


$


 Solanum chavinense Correll



Solanum chavinense Correll

Synonyms: Solanum chavinense Ochoa
Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 366; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 99. 
Ecology. 3500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Correll & Smith P972 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, La Libertad.


$


 Solanum chenopodioides Lam.



Solanum chenopodioides Lam.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 168, 172; D'Arcy, W. G., 1973: 735. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Iltis & Ugent 955 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Solanum chiliadenium Bitter


Solanum chiliadenium Bitter = Solanum caripense var. caripense 

Reference: FP 1354: 284. 


$


 Solanum chillonanum Ochoa



Solanum chillonanum Ochoa

Synonyms: Solanum chillonanum Ochoa
Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 152; Ochoa, C. M., 1989: 235. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean III: grasslands. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Ochoa 4101* (US)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac.


$


 Solanum chiquidenum Ochoa



Solanum chiquidenum Ochoa

Synonyms: Solanum chiquidenum Ochoa, Solanum chiquidenum Ochoa
Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 313; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 139. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes, riversides. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Correll & Smith P855 
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Solanum chiquidenum var. cachicadense Ochoa


Solanum chiquidenum var. cachicadense Ochoa = Solanum chiquidenum Ochoa

Reference: FP 1354: 315; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 139. 


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 Solanum chiquidenum var. porconense Ochoa


Solanum chiquidenum var. porconense Ochoa = Solanum chiquidenum Ochoa

Reference: FP 1354: 315; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 139. 


$


 Solanum chloranthum Sprengel


Solanum chloranthum Sprengel = Solanum arenarium Sendtner

Reference: FP 1349: 201; Knapp, pers. comm.. 
Note: NN  


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 Solanum chodatianum Huber


Solanum chodatianum Huber = ?  

Reference: FP 1349: 231. 
Note: Lycianthes sp.  


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 Solanum chomatophilum Bitter



Solanum chomatophilum Bitter

Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 316. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: rocky slopes. 2500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Smith & Buddensiek 11232 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Lima, La Libertad, Piura.


$


 Solanum chomatophilum fo. angustifoliolum Correll


Solanum chomatophilum fo. angustifoliolum Correll = Solanum colombianum Dunal

Reference: FP 1354: 318; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 108. 
Note: NN  


$


 Solanum chomatophilum fo. pilosum Correll


Solanum chomatophilum fo. pilosum Correll = Solanum piurae Bitter

Reference: FP 1354: 319; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 123. 


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 Solanum chrysoflorum C. Ochoa



Solanum chrysoflorum C. Ochoa

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 140. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  
Departments: Lima.


$


 Solanum chrysothrix (Bitter) Morton


Solanum chrysothrix (Bitter) Morton = Lycianthes chrysothrix Bitter

Reference: FP 1349: 232. 


$


 Solanum chrysotrichum Schltdl.



Solanum chrysotrichum Schltdl.

$


 Solanum churuspi Hawkes


Solanum churuspi Hawkes = Solanum stenotomum Juzepczuk & Bukasov subsp. stenotomum 

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 179. 


$


 Solanum citrifolium Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.


Solanum citrifolium Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. = Solanum lepidotum Dunal

Reference: FP 1349: 217. 


$


 Solanum clathratum Sendtner


Solanum clathratum Sendtner = Solanum asperum Richard

Reference: FP 1349: 218. 


$


 Solanum claviformum Correll


Solanum claviformum Correll = Solanum santolallae Vargas

Reference: FP 1354: 345; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 113. 


$


 Solanum clivorum S. Knapp



Solanum clivorum S. Knapp

Reference: Knapp, S., 1992: 341. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 3059* (USM, MO), Llatas Quiroz 1178 (F)
Departments: Cajamarca, La Libertad.


$


 Solanum coarense Sendtner


Solanum coarense Sendtner = Solanum leucocarpon Dunal

Reference: Knapp, S., 1986: 255. 


$


 Solanum coconilla Huber


Solanum coconilla Huber = Solanum stramoniifolium var. inerme (Dunal) Whalen

Reference: FP 1349: 248; Whalen, M. D., D. E. Costich & C. B. Heiser, 1981: 76. 


$


 Solanum coelestispetalum Vargas



Solanum coelestispetalum Vargas

Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 399; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 140. 
Ecology. 2000-4000 m. 
Note: No voucher cited in Hawkes (1990).  


$


 Solanum coeruleiflorum Hawkes


Solanum coeruleiflorum Hawkes = Solanum chaucha Juzepczuk & Bukasov

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 176. 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  


$


 Solanum coerulescens Bitter


Solanum coerulescens Bitter = Solanum pentlandii Dunal

Reference: FP 1349: 167; Edmonds, J. M., 1972: 101. 


$


 Solanum coffeifolium (Bitter) Morton


Solanum coffeifolium (Bitter) Morton = Lycianthes coffeifolia Bitter

Reference: FP 1349: 232. 


$


 Solanum coibae Riley


Solanum coibae Riley = Solanum leucocarpon Dunal

Reference: Knapp, S., 1986: 255. 


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 Solanum colombianum Dunal



Solanum colombianum Dunal

Synonyms: Solanum colombianum Correll
Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 108. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Solanum commutatum Sprengel


Solanum commutatum Sprengel = Lycopersicon peruvianum var. peruvianum 

Note: Synonymy according to Index Kewensis.  


$


 Solanum compressibaccatum Bitter


Solanum compressibaccatum Bitter = Lycianthes acutangula subsp. compressibaccata Bitter

Reference: FP 1349: 229. 


$


 Solanum concisum Dunal


Solanum concisum Dunal = Schultesianthus suaveolens (Standl.) Hunz.

Reference: FP 1349: 248. 


$


 Solanum confertiseriatum Bitter



Solanum confertiseriatum Bitter

Reference: Knapp, S., 1986: 187; Knapp, S., 1991: 202. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Coastal: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Simpson & Schunke 440 (F)
Departments: Tumbes.


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 Solanum confine Dunal



Solanum confine Dunal

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 201; Knapp, S., 1986: 191. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 2279* (F), Williams 6921 (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Solanum confine var. curtum J.F. Macbr.


Solanum confine var. curtum J.F. Macbr. = Solanum oppositifolium Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1349: 202; Knapp, S., 1991: 199. 


$


 Solanum conglobatum Dunal



Solanum conglobatum Dunal

Reference: Roe, K. E., 1972: 274. 
Ecology: Native shrub, treelet. Andean I-II: forests. 0-3000 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 2136 (WIS)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Solanum conicum Ruiz & Pav.



Solanum conicum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 180. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA!), Macbride 4134 (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Solanum conspicuum Morton


Solanum conspicuum Morton = Lycianthes tarapotensis Bitter

Reference: FP 1349: 233. 


$


 Solanum contumazaense C. Ochoa



Solanum contumazaense C. Ochoa

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 109. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ochoa 2485* (Hb. Ochoa)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Solanum corneliomulleri J.F. Macbr.


Solanum corneliomulleri J.F. Macbr. = ?  

Reference: FP 1349: 160. 
Note: Lycopersicon sp.  


$


 Solanum cortex-virens Dunal


Solanum cortex-virens Dunal = Solanum umbellatum Mill.

Reference: FP 1349: 222; Roe, K. E., 1967: 368. 


$


 Solanum corymbiferum Gmelin


Solanum corymbiferum Gmelin = Solanum corymbosum Jacq.

Reference: FP 1349: 166. 


$


 Solanum corymbosum Jacq.



Solanum corymbosum Jacq.

Synonyms: Solanum corymbosum Dunal, Solanum corymbosum Dunal, Solanum corymbosum Gmelin, Solanum corymbosum Ruiz & Pav., Solanum corymbosum Usteri
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 166; Morton, C. V., 1976: 136. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II: disturbed areas. 500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Croat 58409 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Lambayeque, Lima, Piura.


$


 Solanum crassifolium Ortega


Solanum crassifolium Ortega = Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendtn.

Reference: FP 1349: 12; Bohs, L., 1986: 170. 


$


 Solanum crinitipes Dunal



Solanum crinitipes Dunal

$


 Solanum crispum Ruiz & Pav.



Solanum crispum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 208; Knapp, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Solanum cruciferum Bitter



Solanum cruciferum Bitter

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 202. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: forests. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 4092*  (G, MOL), Weberbauer 6678 (F, MOL)
Departments: Cajamarca, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Solanum cucullatum S. Knapp



Solanum cucullatum S. Knapp

$


 Solanum curtilobum Juzepczuk & Bukasov



Solanum curtilobum Juzepczuk & Bukasov

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 177. 
Ecology. . 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  


$


 Solanum cutacense Kunth


Solanum cutacense Kunth = Lycianthes cutacensis (Kunth) J.F. Macbr.

Reference: FP 1349: 233. 


$


 Solanum cutervanum Zahlbr.



Solanum cutervanum Zahlbr.

Synonyms: Solanum cutervanum Bitter, Solanum cutervanum Pers., Solanum cutervanum Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 199; Knapp, S., 1989: 89. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean II-III: forests, cloud forests, rocky slopes. 2500-3500 m. 
Note: Incorrectly listed in synonymy with Solanum aureum in the Flora of Peru.  
Voucher: Jelski 30* (W!), Young 1573 (NY!, USM!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, La Libertad, Piura, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Solanum cuzcoense Ochoa


Solanum cuzcoense Ochoa = Solanum marinasense Vargas

Reference: FP 1354: 326; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 142. 


$


 Solanum cyathocalyx Van Heurck & M&uuml;ll. Arg.


Solanum cyathocalyx Van Heurck & M&uuml;ll. Arg. = Lycianthes cyathocalyx (Van Heurck & M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Bitter

Reference: FP 1349: 234. 


$


 Solanum cymosum Herrera


Solanum cymosum Herrera = Solanum radicans L. f.

Reference: FP 1349: 188. 


$


 Solanum cymosum Ruiz & Pav.


Solanum cymosum Ruiz & Pav. = Solanum corymbosum Jacq.

Reference: FP 1349: 166; Morton, C. V., 1976: 135. 


$


 Solanum deflexiflorum Bitter



Solanum deflexiflorum Bitter

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 203; Knapp, S., 1986: 328. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Solanum deflexiflorum var. diversum J.F. Macbr.


Solanum deflexiflorum var. diversum J.F. Macbr. = Solanum robustifrons Bitter

Reference: FP 1349: 203; Knapp, S., 1986: 325. 


$


 Solanum demerarense var. inerme Dunal


Solanum demerarense var. inerme Dunal = Solanum stramoniifolium var. inerme (Dunal) Whalen

Reference: FP 1349: 248. 


$


 Solanum dendrophilum Bitter



Solanum dendrophilum Bitter

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 180. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb, vine. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 4385* (K!), Ch&aacute;vez 314 (MO!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Solanum densestrigosum Bitter


Solanum densestrigosum Bitter = Lycianthes densistrigosa (Bitter) Bitter

Reference: FP 1349: 234. 


$


 Solanum depexum Juzepczuk


Solanum depexum Juzepczuk = Solanum acaule Bitter

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 183. 


$


 Solanum depexum var. chorruense Hawkes


Solanum depexum var. chorruense Hawkes = Solanum acaule Bitter

Reference: FP 1354: 385; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 183. 


$


 Solanum devernicascens Bitter


Solanum devernicascens Bitter = Solanum lindenii Rusby

Reference: FP 1349: 216; Knapp, S., 1986: 261. 


$


 Solanum dibrachiatum Van Heurck & M&uuml;ll. Arg.


Solanum dibrachiatum Van Heurck & M&uuml;ll. Arg. = Solanum sessile Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1349: 203; Knapp, S., 1991: 187. 


$


 Solanum dichotomum Ruiz & Pav.


Solanum dichotomum Ruiz & Pav. = Solanum riparium Pers.

Reference: FP 1349: 222; Roe, K. E., 1972: 259. 


$


 Solanum diffusum Ruiz & Pav.



Solanum diffusum Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Solanum diffusum (Ruiz & Pav.) J.F. Macbr., Solanum diffusum Bitter, Solanum diffusum Bitter
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 181. 
Ecology: Native liana, vine. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA!), Pearce 135 (BM)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Solanum diffusum var. miozygum (Ruiz & Pav.) J.F. Macbr.


Solanum diffusum var. miozygum (Ruiz & Pav.) J.F. Macbr. = Solanum diffusum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Knapp, pers. comm.. 


$


 Solanum distichophyllum Sendtner



Solanum distichophyllum Sendtner

$


 Solanum dolichocremastrum Bitter



Solanum dolichocremastrum Bitter

Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 368; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 140. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Dombey s.n.* (P)


$


 Solanum dombeyi Dunal


Solanum dombeyi Dunal = Lycianthes lycioides (L.) Hassl.

Reference: FP 1349: 238. 


$


 Solanum donianum Walpers



Solanum donianum Walpers

Synonyms: Solanum donianum L.


$


 Solanum dulcamara L.



Solanum dulcamara L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 181. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Solanum earl-smithii Correll


Solanum earl-smithii Correll = Solanum mochiquense Ochoa

Reference: FP 1354: 319; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 143. 


$


 Solanum ecuadorense Bitter


Solanum ecuadorense Bitter = Solanum barbulatum Zahlbr.

Reference: Knapp, S., 1986: 166. 


$


 Solanum ecuadorense var. glabriusculum Bitter


Solanum ecuadorense var. glabriusculum Bitter = Solanum barbulatum Zahlbr.

Reference: Knapp, S., 1986: 166. 


$


 Solanum ecuadorense var. illinizae Bitter


Solanum ecuadorense var. illinizae Bitter = Solanum barbulatum Zahlbr.

$


 Solanum ecuadorense var. modicepilosum Bitter


Solanum ecuadorense var. modicepilosum Bitter = Solanum barbulatum Zahlbr.

Reference: Knapp, S., 1986: 166. 


$


 Solanum ecuadorense var. nervisequum Bitter


Solanum ecuadorense var. nervisequum Bitter = Solanum barbulatum Zahlbr.

$


 Solanum endlicheri Dunal


Solanum endlicheri Dunal = Solanum suaveolens Kunth & Bouch&eacute;

Reference: FP 1354: 292. 


$


 Solanum enoplocalyx Dunal



Solanum enoplocalyx Dunal

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 249; Whalen, M. D., 1984: 241. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. . 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* 


$


 Solanum esculentum Dunal


Solanum esculentum Dunal = Lycopersicon esculentum var. esculentum 

Reference: FP 1349: 256. 


$


 Solanum eshbaughianum D'Arcy


Solanum eshbaughianum D'Arcy = Solanum leucocarpon Dunal

Reference: Knapp, S., 1986: 255. 


$


 Solanum espinarense Vargas


Solanum espinarense Vargas = Solanum bukasovii var. bukasovii 

Reference: FP 1354: 415; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 138; Ochoa, C. M., 1992: 167. 


$


 Solanum excisirhombeum Bitter



Solanum excisirhombeum Bitter

Synonyms: Solanum excisirhombeum Nees
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 167; Edmonds, J. M., 1972: 101. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Voucher: Weberbauer 2868* (B)
Departments: Ancash, Arequipa, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima.


$


 Solanum extraxillare Klotsch


Solanum extraxillare Klotsch = Solanum leucocarpon Dunal

$


 Solanum feddei Bitter


Solanum feddei Bitter = Solanum diffusum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1349: 181. 


$


 Solanum ferreyrae Ugent



Solanum ferreyrae Ugent

$


 Solanum fiebrigii Bitter



Solanum fiebrigii Bitter

$


 Solanum filiforme Ruiz & Pav.



Solanum filiforme Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Solanum filiforme Dunal
Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 288. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez et al. 7115 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco.


$


 Solanum foetidum Ruiz & Pav.


Solanum foetidum Ruiz & Pav. = Solanum luteo-album var. luteo-album 

Reference: FP 1349: 205. 


$


 Solanum fragariaefructum Hawkes


Solanum fragariaefructum Hawkes = Solanum bukasovii var. multidissectum (Hawkes) Ochoa

Reference: FP 1354: 405; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 144. 


$


 Solanum fragile Wedd.



Solanum fragile Wedd.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 167; Edmonds, J. M., 1972: 101. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean III: disturbed areas. 3500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Smith et al. 11997 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Puno, Tacna.


$


 Solanum fulgens (J.F. Macbr.) Roe



Solanum fulgens (J.F. Macbr.) Roe

Synonyms: Solanum fulgens J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Roe, K. E., 1972: 275. 
Ecology. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 25969a* (F), Knapp & Mallett 6423 (BH!, USM!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Solanum furcatum Dunal



Solanum furcatum Dunal

Synonyms: Solanum furcatum Bitter
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 168; Edmonds, J. M., 1972: 107. 
Ecology: Native herb, subshrub. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, forests. 2000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Luteyn & Lebron-Luteyn 5443 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Puno.


$


 Solanum giganteum Jacq.



Solanum giganteum Jacq.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 249. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Solanum glandulosum Ruiz & Pav.


Solanum glandulosum Ruiz & Pav. = Lycianthes glandulosa (R. & P.) Bitter

Reference: FP 1349: 235. 


$


 Solanum glutinosum Dunal



Solanum glutinosum Dunal

Reference: Whalen, M. D., 1984: 237. 
Ecology: Native shrub, subshrub. Andean II-III: rocky slopes. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Smith 3023 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Jun&iacute;n, Lima.


$


 Solanum gnaphalioides Pers.


Solanum gnaphalioides Pers. = Solanum nitidum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1349: 209; Knapp, S., 1989: 78. 


$


 Solanum goniocalyx Juzepczuk & Bukasov


Solanum goniocalyx Juzepczuk & Bukasov = Solanum stenotomum subsp. goniocalyx (Juzepczuk & Bukasov) Hawkes

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 180. 


$


 Solanum goniocaulon S. Knapp



Solanum goniocaulon S. Knapp

Reference: Knapp, S., 1992: 343. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean II: forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Young 4213* (HUT), Evinger 461 (US)
Departments: Cajamarca, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Solanum gonocladum Dunal


Solanum gonocladum Dunal = Solanum nitidum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Knapp, pers. comm.. 


$


 Solanum goodspeedii Roe



Solanum goodspeedii Roe

Reference: Roe, K. E., 1972: 272. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Metcalf 30638* (UC), Herrera 1558 (F)
Departments: Cuzco, Madre de Dios, Puno.


$


 Solanum gracilifrons Bitter



Solanum gracilifrons Bitter

Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 415; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 141. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  
Departments: Huancavelica.


$


 Solanum grandiflorum Ruiz & Pav.



Solanum grandiflorum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 250. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests. 0-2500 m. 
Note: Based on material not determined to variety. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* , Smith 1871 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Solanum grandiflorum var.aberrans J.F. Macbr.



Solanum grandiflorum var. aberrans J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 250. 
Ecology: Native tree. . 
Voucher: Soukup 2545*  
Departments: Pasco.


$


 Solanum grandiflorum var. leiocarpum Dunal


Solanum grandiflorum var. leiocarpum Dunal = Solanum jaenense Ochoa

Reference: FP 1349: 254; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 117. 


$


 Solanum grandifolium C.V. Morton


Solanum grandifolium C.V. Morton = Solanum sessile Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Knapp, S., 1991: 187. 


$


 Solanum granelianum D'Arcy


Solanum granelianum D'Arcy = Solanum pensile Sendtn.

$


 Solanum guianense Dunal


Solanum guianense Dunal = Lycianthes guianensis (Dunal) Bitter

$


 Solanum guzmanguense Whalen & Sagastegui


Solanum guzmanguense Whalen & Sagastegui = ?  

Reference: van den Berg, R. & D. M. Spooner, 1992: 250. 
Note: OP  


$


 Solanum hapalosum Ochoa


Solanum hapalosum Ochoa = Solanum bukasovii var. bukasovii 

Reference: Ochoa, C., 1983: 297; Robinson, H., 1980: 167. 


$


 Solanum hastiformum Correll



Solanum hastiformum Correll

Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 370. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, rocky slopes. 3000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Smith et al. 9916 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, La Libertad.


$


 Solanum havanense Jacq.



Solanum havanense Jacq.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 209. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Solanum hawkesii Cardenas & Hawkes


Solanum hawkesii Cardenas & Hawkes = Solanum raphanifolium Cardenas & Hawkes

Reference: FP 1354: 370; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 100; Ochoa, C. M., 1992: 168. 


$


 Solanum hazenii Britton



Solanum hazenii Britton

Reference: Roe, K. E., 1972: 251. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I-II, Coastal: disturbed areas. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Whalen & Salick 858 (MO!)
Departments: Pasco, Piura, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Solanum hebephorum Dunal


Solanum hebephorum Dunal = Solanum muricatum Aiton

Reference: FP 1354: 281. 


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 Solanum hederiradiculum Bitter



Solanum hederiradiculum Bitter

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 204. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ule 6276* (B)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Solanum herrerae Juzepczuk


Solanum herrerae Juzepczuk = Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena (Juzepczuk & Bukasov) Hawkes

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 182. 


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 Solanum heterochondrum Bitter


Solanum heterochondrum Bitter = Lycianthes heterochondra (Bitter) Bitter

Reference: FP 1349: 236. 


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 Solanum heterophyllum Lam.


Solanum heterophyllum Lam. = Solanum subinerme Jacq.

Reference: FP 1349: 250; Whalen, M. D., 1984: 239. 


$


 Solanum heterotrichum Dunal


Solanum heterotrichum Dunal = Solanum schlechtendalianum Walp.

$


 Solanum hirsutissimum Standl.


Solanum hirsutissimum Standl. = Solanum pectinatum Dunal

Reference: Whalen, M. D., D. E. Costich & C. B. Heiser, 1981: 121. 


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 Solanum hirtulum Krause


Solanum hirtulum Krause = Solanum sarrachoides Sendtner

$


 Solanum hispidum Pers.



Solanum hispidum Pers.

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 Solanum hispidum var.cerrateae J.F. Macbr.



Solanum hispidum var. cerrateae J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 252. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, tree. . 
Voucher: Pennell 14066* (F)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Solanum hispidum var.ferreyrae J.F. Macbr.



Solanum hispidum var. ferreyrae J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 252; Whalen, M. D., 1984: 246. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 3203* 
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Solanum hispidum var.hispidum



Solanum hispidum var. hispidum 

Synonyms: Solanum hispidum hispidum Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 252; Whalen, M. D., 1984: 237. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean II: disturbed areas, riversides. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* , N&uacute;&ntilde;ez & N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 8203A (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima.


$


 Solanum holocalyx (Bitter) Morton


Solanum holocalyx (Bitter) Morton = Lycianthes holocalyx Bitter

Reference: FP 1349: 236. 


$


 Solanum huallagense Bitter



Solanum huallagense Bitter

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 181. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Probably a synonym of S. mite (Knapp, pers. comm.). 
Voucher: Knapp & Mallet 7036 (MO!, USM!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Solanum huancabambense Ochoa



Solanum huancabambense Ochoa

Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 348; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 95. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: disturbed areas. 1500-3000 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  
Departments: Piura.


$


 Solanum huanucense Ochoa


Solanum huanucense Ochoa = Solanum chavinense Correll

Reference: FP 1354: 366; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 99. 


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 Solanum huarochiriense Ochoa


Solanum huarochiriense Ochoa = Solanum pascoense Ochoa

Reference: FP 1354: 433; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 141. 


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 Solanum humboldtii Willd.


Solanum humboldtii Willd. = Lycopersicon esculentum var. esculentum 

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 Solanum humectophilum Ochoa



Solanum humectophilum Ochoa

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 141. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  
Departments: Amazonas.


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 Solanum hygrothermicum Ochoa


Solanum hygrothermicum Ochoa = Solanum phureja ssp. hygrothermicum (Ochoa) Hawkes

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 179. 


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 Solanum hyoscyamoides Bitter


Solanum hyoscyamoides Bitter = Solanum sinuatiexcisum Bitter

Reference: FP 1349: 175; Edmonds, J. M., 1972: 100. 


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 Solanum hypacrarthrum Bitter



Solanum hypacrarthrum Bitter

Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 321; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 122. 
Ecology. 1500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Vilcapoma 225 (MO!)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Solanum hypomalacophyllum Bitter


Solanum hypomalacophyllum Bitter = Solanum oblongifolium Dunal

Reference: FP 1349: 211. 


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 Solanum hypomicropogon Bitter


Solanum hypomicropogon Bitter = Solanum acuminatum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1349: 195; Knapp, S., 1986: 145. 


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 Solanum hypostichopogon Bitter


Solanum hypostichopogon Bitter = Solanum amblophyllum Hook.

Reference: FP 1349: 196; Knapp, S., 1986: 148. 


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 Solanum iltisii Roe



Solanum iltisii Roe

$


 Solanum immite Dunal



Solanum immite Dunal

Synonyms: Solanum immite Bitter, Solanum immite Correll
Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 323; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 142. 
Ecology: Andean I-II, Coastal: disturbed areas, lomas. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Cerrate et al. 260 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Lima, La Libertad.


$


 Solanum immite var. vernale Correll


Solanum immite var. vernale Correll = Solanum immite Dunal

Reference: FP 1354: 326; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 142. 


$


 Solanum incahuasinum C. Ochoa



Solanum incahuasinum C. Ochoa

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 151. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: riversides. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  
Departments: Lambayeque.


$


 Solanum incanum Ruiz & Pav.


Solanum incanum Ruiz & Pav. = Solanum albidum Dunal

Reference: FP 1349: 245; Whalen, M. D., 1984: 236. 


$


 Solanum incarceratum Ruiz & Pav.



Solanum incarceratum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 253; Nee, M. H., 1979: 301. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean I-II: disturbed areas. 500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 24102 (NY)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco.


$


 Solanum incasicum Ochoa



Solanum incasicum Ochoa

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 151. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Solanum inconspicuum Bitter


Solanum inconspicuum Bitter = Solanum americanum Mill.

Reference: FP 1349: 169; D'Arcy, W. G., 1973: 735. 


$


 Solanum incurvum Ruiz & Pav.



Solanum incurvum Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Solanum incurvum Poir.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 14. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA!), Smith 7756 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Hu&aacute;nuco, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Solanum infundibuliforme Philippi


Solanum infundibuliforme Philippi = ?  

Reference: FP 1349: 187; Morton, C. V., 1976: 50. 
Note: NN  


$


 Solanum ingaefolium Ochoa



Solanum ingaefolium Ochoa

Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 301. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   
Departments: Piura.


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 Solanum insolaesolis Bitter



Solanum insolaesolis Bitter

Synonyms: Solanum insolaesolis Bitter, Solanum insolaesolis Bitter
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 170. 
Ecology: Native shrub. . 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Lima.


$


 Solanum iodotrichum Van Heurck & M&uuml;ll. Arg.



Solanum iodotrichum Van Heurck & M&uuml;ll. Arg.

$


 Solanum ipomoea Sendtner


Solanum ipomoea Sendtner = Solanum pensile Sendtn.

$


 Solanum irosinum Ochoa



Solanum irosinum Ochoa

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 151. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Solanum jaenense Ochoa



Solanum jaenense Ochoa

Synonyms: Solanum jaenense Dunal
Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 418; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 117. 
Ecology. 2000-3000 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Solanum jalcae Ochoa



Solanum jalcae Ochoa

Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 304; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 123. 
Ecology. 3000-4000 m. 
Note: Based on material not determined to variety. 
Voucher: Correll & Smith P941 (MO!),     
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, Lima, La Libertad.


$


 Solanum jalcae var.pubescens Correll



Solanum jalcae var. pubescens Correll

Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 304. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Solanum jamaicense Mill.



Solanum jamaicense Mill.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 253. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 15756 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Solanum jamesoni Bitter


Solanum jamesoni Bitter = Solanum oblongifolium Dunal

Reference: Knapp, pers. comm.. 


$


 Solanum jasminoides Paxton



Solanum jasminoides Paxton

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 182. 
Ecology: Cultivated vine. Amazonian: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   
Departments: Loreto.


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 Solanum jelskii Zahlbr.


Solanum jelskii Zahlbr. = Lycianthes jelskii (Zahlbr.) Bitter

Reference: FP 1349: 237. 


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 Solanum juczepczukii Bukasov



Solanum juczepczukii Bukasov

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 177. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  


$


 Solanum juninense Bitter



Solanum juninense Bitter

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 170. 
Ecology: Native shrub. . 
Voucher: Weberbauer  6598* 
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Solanum juripeba Richard


Solanum juripeba Richard = Solanum subinerme Jacq.

Reference: FP 1349: 263. 


$



$


 Solanum kaufmanii Bukasov, nom. nud.


Solanum kaufmanii Bukasov, nom. nud. = ?  

Reference: FP 1354: 405. 


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 Solanum kioniotrichum J.F. Macbr.



Solanum kioniotrichum J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 254; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 117. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests, riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ule 6243* , V&aacute;squez & Arevalo 9063 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Solanum laciniatum Aiton



Solanum laciniatum Aiton

Synonyms: Solanum laciniatum Dunal
Reference: Knapp, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Solanum laciniatum Ruiz & Pav.


Solanum laciniatum Ruiz & Pav. = Solanum nemorense Dunal

Reference: FP 1349: 256. 


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 Solanum laetum Miq.


Solanum laetum Miq. = Solanum pensile Sendtn.

Reference: FP 1349: 207. 


$


 Solanum lanatum Dunal


Solanum lanatum Dunal = Solanum asperolanatum var. asperolanatum 

Reference: FP 1349: 246; Whalen, M. D., 1984: 236. 


$


 Solanum lancaeifolium Jacq.



Solanum lancaeifolium Jacq.

$


 Solanum lanceolatum Ruiz & Pav.


Solanum lanceolatum Ruiz & Pav. = Solanum ruizii S. Knapp

Reference: FP 1349: 215; Knapp, S., 1989: 91. 


$


 Solanum laxissimum Bitter



Solanum laxissimum Bitter

Synonyms: Solanum laxissimum (Vargas) Correll, Solanum laxissimum Vargas
Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 348. 
Ecology. 2500-3500 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Solanum laxissimum fo. rockefelleri (Vargas) Correll


Solanum laxissimum fo. rockefelleri (Vargas) Correll = Solanum laxissimum Bitter

Reference: FP 1354: 350. 


$


 Solanum lechleri Rusby



Solanum lechleri Rusby

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 204. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Voucher: Lechler 1939 


$


 Solanum lechnoviczii Hawkes


Solanum lechnoviczii Hawkes = Solanum bukasovii var. bukasovii 

Reference: FP 1354: 405; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 138; Ochoa, C. M., 1992: 167. 


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 Solanum lechnoviczii var. latifolium Vargas


Solanum lechnoviczii var. latifolium Vargas = Solanum bukasovii var. bukasovii 

Reference: FP 1354: 409; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 138; Ochoa, C. M., 1992: 167. 


$


 Solanum lechnoviczii var. xerophyllum Vargas


Solanum lechnoviczii var. xerophyllum Vargas = Solanum marinasense Vargas

Reference: FP 1354: 410; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 138; Ochoa, C. M., 1992: 167. 


$


 Solanum leiophyllum Benth.



Solanum leiophyllum Benth.

$


 Solanum lepidotum Dunal



Solanum lepidotum Dunal

Synonyms: Solanum lepidotum Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.


$


 Solanum leptanthum Dunal


Solanum leptanthum Dunal = Solanum corymbosum Jacq.

$


 Solanum leptanthum var. parvifolium Dunal


Solanum leptanthum var. parvifolium Dunal = Solanum corymbosum Jacq.

Reference: FP 1349: 166. 


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 Solanum leptophyes Bitter



Solanum leptophyes Bitter

Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 420; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 142. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  
Departments: Puno.


$


 Solanum leptopodum Van Heurck & M&uuml;ll. Arg.



Solanum leptopodum Van Heurck & M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Synonyms: Solanum leptopodum Bitter
Reference: Knapp, S., 1986: 249. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry & Emmons 38738 (MO!),      
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Solanum leptorhachis Bitter



Solanum leptorhachis Bitter

Reference: Knapp, S., 1986: 253. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Coastal: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Simpson & Schunke 429 (F!)
Departments: Tumbes.


$


 Solanum leptostachys Dunal


Solanum leptostachys Dunal = Solanum velleum var. velleum 

Reference: FP 1349: 266. 


$


 Solanum leucocarpon Dunal



Solanum leucocarpon Dunal

Synonyms: Solanum leucocarpon D'Arcy, Solanum leucocarpon Klotsch, Solanum leucocarpon Riley, Solanum leucocarpon Rusby, Solanum leucocarpon Sendtner, Solanum leucocarpon Steud., Solanum leucocarpon Van Heurck & M&uuml;ll. Arg.
Reference: Knapp, S., 1986: 255. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 10040 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Solanum leucodendron Sendtner



Solanum leucodendron Sendtner

$


 Solanum leucopogon Huber



Solanum leucopogon Huber

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 254; Whalen, M. D., 1984: 242. 
Ecology: Native shrub, vine, liana. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Huber 1370* , N&uacute;&ntilde;ez & Monice 5373 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, Ucayali.


$


 Solanum lignicaule var. longistylum Vargas


Solanum lignicaule var. longistylum Vargas = Solanum lignicaule Vargas

Reference: FP 1354: 422; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 91. 


$


 Solanum lignicaule Vargas



Solanum lignicaule Vargas

Synonyms: Solanum lignicaule Hawkes, Solanum lignicaule Vargas
Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 422; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 91. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Ugent 3881 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Solanum limbaniense Ochoa



Solanum limbaniense Ochoa

Reference: Ochoa, C., 1974: 15. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ochoa 5165* (Hb. Ochoa)
Departments: Puno.


$


 Solanum limense Correll


Solanum limense Correll = Solanum chacoense Bitter

Reference: FP 1354: 350. 


$


 Solanum lindenii Rusby



Solanum lindenii Rusby

Synonyms: Solanum lindenii Bitter, Solanum lindenii Rusby
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 216; Knapp, S., 1986: 261. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean II: disturbed areas, forests. 1500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 45505 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Solanum lineatum Ruiz & Pav.


Solanum lineatum Ruiz & Pav. = Lycianthes lineata (R. & P.) Bitter

Reference: FP 1349: 237. 


$


 Solanum lobbianum Bitter



Solanum lobbianum Bitter

Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 424; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 131; Hawkes, J. G., 1992: 471. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Solanum lobbianum fo. multidissectum (Hawkes) Correll


Solanum lobbianum fo. multidissectum (Hawkes) Correll = Solanum bukasovii var. multidissectum (Hawkes) Ochoa

Reference: FP 1354: 426; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 144. 


$


 Solanum longidentatum (Bitter) Morton


Solanum longidentatum (Bitter) Morton = Lycianthes acutangula subsp. acutangula 

Reference: FP 1349: 229. 


$


 Solanum longiflorum Vahl


Solanum longiflorum Vahl = Solanum subinerme Jacq.

Reference: Knapp, pers. comm.. 


$


 Solanum longimucronatum Vargas


Solanum longimucronatum Vargas = ?  

Reference: FP 1354: 329; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 146. 


$


 Solanum longiusculus Ochoa



Solanum longiusculus Ochoa

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 152. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac.


$


 Solanum lopez-camarenae Ochoa



Solanum lopez-camarenae Ochoa

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 152. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Solanum loretoanum Bitter


Solanum loretoanum Bitter = Solanum leptopodum Van Heurck & M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Reference: FP 1349: 205; Knapp, S., 1986: 249. 


$


 Solanum luteo-album Pers.



Solanum luteo-album Pers.

$


 Solanum luteo-album var.luteo-album



Solanum luteo-album var. luteo-album 

Synonyms: Solanum luteo-album luteo-album J.F. Macbr., Solanum luteo-album luteo-album Ruiz & Pav., Solanum luteo-album luteo-album Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 205. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub, tree. Andean II-III: grasslands. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* , N&uacute;&ntilde;ez et al. 7040 (MO!)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Tacna.


$


 Solanum luteo-album var.tunya J.F. Macbr.



Solanum luteo-album var. tunya J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 206. 
Ecology. 2000-3000 m. 
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Solanum luxurians Morton


Solanum luxurians Morton = ?  

Reference: FP 1349: 238. 
Note: Lycianthes sp.  


$


 Solanum lycioides L.


Solanum lycioides L. = Lycianthes lycioides (L.) Hassl.

Reference: FP 1349: 238. 


$


 Solanum lycioides var. parvifolium Wedd.


Solanum lycioides var. parvifolium Wedd. = Lycianthes lycioides (L.) Hassl.

Reference: FP 1349: 238. 


$


 Solanum lycioides var. tomentosum Dunal


Solanum lycioides var. tomentosum Dunal = Lycianthes lycioides (L.) Hassl.

Reference: FP 1349: 238. 


$


 Solanum lycopersicoides Dunal



Solanum lycopersicoides Dunal

Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 296. 
Ecology: Endemic herb, shrub. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Metcalf 30404 (MO!)
Departments: Tacna.


$


 Solanum macbridei Hunziker & Lallana



Solanum macbridei Hunziker & Lallana

Synonyms: Solanum macbridei Griseb.
Reference: Hunziker, A. T., 1981: 18; Knapp, S., 1989: 96. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II-III: forests. 2500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Stafford 984* (K), Aronson & Berry 541 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Puno.


$


 Solanum macrophyllum Dunal


Solanum macrophyllum Dunal = Solanum albidum Dunal

Reference: FP 1349: 245. 


$


 Solanum macrotonum Bitter



Solanum macrotonum Bitter

Reference: Edmonds, J. M., 1972: 106. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: disturbed areas. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 19419 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Lima.


$


 Solanum maleolens J.F. Macbr.


Solanum maleolens J.F. Macbr. = Solanum luteo-album var. luteo-album 

Reference: FP 1349: 205. 


$


 Solanum malletii S. Knapp



Solanum malletii S. Knapp

Reference: Knapp, S., 1992: 344. 
Ecology: Native shrub, subshrub, treelet. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Knapp & Mallet 6564* (USM), Killip & Smith 28636 (US)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto.


$


 Solanum mamilliferum Juzepczuk & Bukasov


Solanum mamilliferum Juzepczuk & Bukasov = Solanum chaucha Juzepczuk & Bukasov

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 176. 


$


 Solanum mammosum L.



Solanum mammosum L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 255; Nee, M. H., 1979: 370. 
Ecology: Cultivated shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 6156 (US)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Solanum mandonii A. DC.



Solanum mandonii A. DC.

$


 Solanum mandonii var.carabayense Bitter



Solanum mandonii var. carabayense Bitter

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 245. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. . 
Voucher: Weberbauer 582* 
Departments: Puno.


$


 Solanum mandonis Van Heurck & M&uuml;ll. Arg.



Solanum mandonis Van Heurck & M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 245; Whalen, M. D., 1984: 237. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Solanum manicatum Bitter


Solanum manicatum Bitter = Solanum aligerum Schltdl.

Reference: FP 1349: 206; Knapp, pers. comm.. 


$


 Solanum marinasense fo. longimucronatum (Vargas) Correll


Solanum marinasense fo. longimucronatum (Vargas) Correll = ?  

Reference: FP 1354: 329; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 146. 


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 Solanum marinasense var. dentifolium Vargas


Solanum marinasense var. dentifolium Vargas = Solanum marinasense Vargas

Reference: FP 1354: 328; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 142. 


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 Solanum marinasense Vargas



Solanum marinasense Vargas

Synonyms: Solanum marinasense (Vargas) Correll, Solanum marinasense Correll, Solanum marinasense Ochoa, Solanum marinasense Vargas, Solanum marinasense Vargas
Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 326; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 142; Ochoa, C. M., 1992: 167. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Andean II: disturbed areas, rocky slopes. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Iltis & Ugent 797 (MO!)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Cuzco.


$


 Solanum marinum (Babington) Pojarkova


Solanum marinum (Babington) Pojarkova = Solanum acaule Bitter

$


 Solanum marmellosanum Bitter


Solanum marmellosanum Bitter = Solanum sessile Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1349: 206; Knapp, S., 1991: 187. 


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 Solanum mathewsii Bitter


Solanum mathewsii Bitter = Solanum immite Dunal

Reference: FP 1354: 323; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 142. 


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 Solanum maturecalvans Bitter



Solanum maturecalvans Bitter

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 207. 
Ecology. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 5543* (US), D&iacute;az & Huanqui 1995 (MO!)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Solanum mauritianum Scop.



Solanum mauritianum Scop.

$


 Solanum medianiviolaceum Bitter


Solanum medianiviolaceum Bitter = Solanum insolaesolis Bitter

Reference: FP 1349: 170. 


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 Solanum medians Bitter



Solanum medians Bitter

Synonyms: Solanum medians Bitter, Solanum medians Bitter, Solanum medians Correll, Solanum medians Ochoa
Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 448; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 143. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-III: lomas. 500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Goodspeed 33116 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Arequipa, Cuzco, Lima.


$


 Solanum medians fo. neoweberbaueri (Wittmack) Correll


Solanum medians fo. neoweberbaueri (Wittmack) Correll = Solanum neoweberbaueri Wittmack

Reference: FP 1354: 452. 


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 Solanum medians subvar. protohypoleucum Bitter


Solanum medians subvar. protohypoleucum Bitter = Solanum medians Bitter

Reference: FP 1354: 456; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 143. 


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 Solanum medians var. angustifoliolum Ochoa


Solanum medians var. angustifoliolum Ochoa = Solanum medians Bitter

Reference: FP 1354: 451; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 143. 


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 Solanum medians var. autumnale Correll


Solanum medians var. autumnale Correll = Solanum medians Bitter

Reference: FP 1354: 451; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 143. 


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 Solanum medians var. majorifrons Bitter


Solanum medians var. majorifrons Bitter = Solanum medians Bitter

Reference: FP 1354: 456; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 143. 


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 Solanum medusocalyx Bitter


Solanum medusocalyx Bitter = Lycianthes medusocalyx (Bitter) Bitter

Reference: FP 1349: 239. 


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 Solanum megistacrolobum Bitter



Solanum megistacrolobum Bitter

Synonyms: Solanum megistacrolobum Bitter, Solanum megistacrolobum Hawkes, Solanum megistacrolobum Hawkes
Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 374; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 101. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, grasslands, rocky slopes. 3000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Correll et al. P237 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Puno.


$


 Solanum megistophyllidium Bitter


Solanum megistophyllidium Bitter = Solanum barbeyanum Huber

Reference: Whalen, M. D., 1984: 210. 


$


 Solanum melongena L.



Solanum melongena L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 256. 
Ecology: Cultivated herb, shrub. . 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


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 Solanum membranaceum Vargas


Solanum membranaceum Vargas = Solanum sparsipilum subsp. sparsipilum (Bitter) Vavilov

Reference: FP 1354: 442; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 168. 


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 Solanum mendax Van Heurck & M&uuml;ll. Arg.


Solanum mendax Van Heurck & M&uuml;ll. Arg. = Capsicum rhomboideum (Dunal) Kuntze

Reference: FP 1349: 73. 


$


 Solanum microdontum var. montepuncoense Ochoa


Solanum microdontum var. montepuncoense Ochoa = Solanum violaceimarmoratum Bitter

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 115. 
Note: NN  


$


 Solanum minutibaccatum Bitter


Solanum minutibaccatum Bitter = Solanum americanum Mill.

Reference: FP 1349: 172. 


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 Solanum miquelii Morton


Solanum miquelii Morton = Solanum pensile Sendtn.

Reference: FP 1349: 207. 


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 Solanum mite Ruiz & Pav.



Solanum mite Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Solanum mite Bitter
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 183. 
Ecology: Native herb, subshrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA!), Knapp et al. 6342 (BH!, USM!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Solanum mochiquense Ochoa



Solanum mochiquense Ochoa

Synonyms: Solanum mochiquense Correll
Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 329; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 143. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I-II: lomas, rocky slopes. 0-2000 m. 
Departments: Cajamarca, La Libertad, Piura.


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 Solanum monadelphum Van Heurck & M&uuml;ll. Arg.



Solanum monadelphum Van Heurck & M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 208; Knapp, S., 1986: 275; Knapp, S., 1991: 190. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, riversides. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 4051* (K), Knapp & Mallet 6506 (US, USM)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Solanum moniliforme Correll



Solanum moniliforme Correll

Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 331; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 144. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean III: rocky slopes. 3500-4000 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  
Departments: Ancash, Lima.


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 Solanum montanum L.



Solanum montanum L.

Synonyms: Solanum montanum Dunal, Solanum montanum Dunal, Solanum montanum Dunal
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 183. 
Ecology: Native herb. Coastal: lomas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Duncan 2730 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Arequipa, Lima, La Libertad, Tacna.


$


 Solanum montanum var. tuberiferum Dunal


Solanum montanum var. tuberiferum Dunal = Solanum montanum L.

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 Solanum morellifolium Bohs



Solanum morellifolium Bohs

Reference: Bohs, L., 1990: 404. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Smith et al. 1337* (MO!), Berlin 156 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, Ucayali.


$


 Solanum multidissectum Hawkes


Solanum multidissectum Hawkes = Solanum bukasovii var. multidissectum (Hawkes) Ochoa

Reference: FP 1354: 426; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 144; Ochoa, C. M., 1992: 167. 


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 Solanum multidissectum subsp. neohawkesii (Ochoa) Hawkes


Solanum multidissectum subsp. neohawkesii (Ochoa) Hawkes = Solanum bukasovii var. bukasovii 

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 137. 


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 Solanum multifidum Lam.



Solanum multifidum Lam.

Synonyms: Solanum multifidum (Ruiz & Pav.) Dunal, Solanum multifidum Bitter, Solanum multifidum Dunal, Solanum multifidum Dunal, Solanum multifidum J.F. Macbr., Solanum multifidum Ruiz & Pav., Solanum multifidum Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 184. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I, Coastal: lomas, riversides. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Dombey s.n.* , Dillon et al. 4741 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Arequipa, Lima, Tacna.


$


 Solanum multifidum Ruiz & Pav.


Solanum multifidum Ruiz & Pav. = Solanum multifidum Lam.

Reference: FP 1349: 184. 


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 Solanum multiflorum Vargas



Solanum multiflorum Vargas

Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 426; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 111. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: riversides. 2000-3000 m. 
Note: No voucher cited in Hawkes (1990).  
Departments: Cuzco.


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 Solanum multiinterruptum Bitter



Solanum multiinterruptum Bitter

Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 428; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 145. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II-III: grasslands, rocky slopes. 3000-4000 m. 
Note: Based on material not determined to variety.  
Voucher: Smith & Ferreyra P289 (MO!)
Departments: Huancavelica, Lima.


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 Solanum multiinterruptum fo.longipilosum Correll



Solanum multiinterruptum fo. longipilosum Correll

Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 431; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 145. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II-III: grasslands, riversides. 3000-4000 m. 
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Solanum multiinterruptum var.machaytambinum Ochoa



Solanum multiinterruptum var. machaytambinum Ochoa

Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 431; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 145. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Ochoa 2164* 
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Solanum muricatum Aiton



Solanum muricatum Aiton

Synonyms: Solanum muricatum Bitter, Solanum muricatum Correll, Solanum muricatum Dunal, Solanum muricatum Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 278. 
Ecology. . 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   
Departments: Cajamarca, Lima.


$


 Solanum muricatum fo. glaberrimum Correll


Solanum muricatum fo. glaberrimum Correll = Solanum muricatum Aiton

Reference: FP 1354: 280. 


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 Solanum muricatum var. protogenum Bitter


Solanum muricatum var. protogenum Bitter = Solanum muricatum Aiton

Reference: FP 1354: 281. 


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 Solanum murphyi I.M. Johnst.



Solanum murphyi I.M. Johnst.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 186. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Murphy 3219* 
Departments: Ica.


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 Solanum nemorense Dunal



Solanum nemorense Dunal

Synonyms: Solanum nemorense Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 256. 
Ecology: Endemic herb, shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, terra firme forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* , van der Werff 9880 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Solanum nemorosum Ochoa



Solanum nemorosum Ochoa

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 118. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  
Departments: Cajamarca.


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 Solanum neohawkesii Ochoa


Solanum neohawkesii Ochoa = Solanum bukasovii var. bukasovii 

Reference: FP 1354: 409; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 137. 


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 Solanum neovargasii Ochoa



Solanum neovargasii Ochoa

Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 357; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 115. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Solanum neoweberbaueri Wittmack



Solanum neoweberbaueri Wittmack

Synonyms: Solanum neoweberbaueri (Wittmack) Correll
Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 452; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 145. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean I-II, Coastal: lomas, rocky slopes. 0-2500 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  
Departments: Lima.


$


 Solanum nigrescens M. Martens & Galeotti



Solanum nigrescens M. Martens & Galeotti

Synonyms: Solanum nigrescens Bitter
Reference: Edmonds, J. M., 1972: 108. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Voucher: Jelski 46 (W)


$


 Solanum nigrum L.



Solanum nigrum L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 171. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Solanum nigrum var. americanum (Mill.) O.E. Schulz


Solanum nigrum var. americanum (Mill.) O.E. Schulz = Solanum americanum Mill.

Reference: D'Arcy, W. G., 1973: 735. 


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 Solanum nigrum var. nodiflorum (Jacq.) A. Gray


Solanum nigrum var. nodiflorum (Jacq.) A. Gray = Solanum americanum Mill.

Reference: D'Arcy, W. G., 1973: 735. 


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 Solanum nitidum Ruiz & Pav.



Solanum nitidum Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Solanum nitidum Dunal, Solanum nitidum J.F. Macbr., Solanum nitidum Pers., Solanum nitidum Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 209; Knapp, S., 1989: 78. 
Ecology: Native shrub, subshrub, tree. Andean II-III, Coastal: grasslands, lomas, rocky slopes. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Sag&aacute;stegui et al. 12314 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Huancavelica, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, La Libertad, Moquegua, Pasco, Puno, Tacna.


$


 Solanum nitidum var. hutchisonii J.F. Macbr.


Solanum nitidum var. hutchisonii J.F. Macbr. = Solanum nitidum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1349: 209; Knapp, S., 1989: 78. 


$


 Solanum nodiflorum Jacq.


Solanum nodiflorum Jacq. = Solanum americanum Mill.

Reference: FP 1349: 172; D'Arcy, W. G., 1973: 735. 


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 Solanum nubicola Ochoa



Solanum nubicola Ochoa

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 119. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


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 Solanum nudum Dunal



Solanum nudum Dunal

Synonyms: Solanum nudum Bitter
Reference: Knapp, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native treelet. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Knapp & Mallet 6498 (US!, USM!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Solanum nutans Ruiz & Pav.



Solanum nutans Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 210. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II-III: forests, shrublands. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Landrum 4617 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Solanum obliquum Ruiz & Pav.


Solanum obliquum Ruiz & Pav. = Cyphomandra obliqua (R. & P.) Sendtner

Reference: FP 1349: 15; Bohs, L., 1986: 147. 


$


 Solanum oblitum Dunal


Solanum oblitum Dunal = Solanum schlechtendalianum Walp.

Reference: FP 1349: 218. 


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 Solanum oblongifolium Dunal



Solanum oblongifolium Dunal

Synonyms: Solanum oblongifolium Bitter, Solanum oblongifolium Bitter, Solanum oblongifolium Dunal, Solanum oblongifolium J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 211. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II, Coastal: terra firme forests. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 6681 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Piura.


$


 Solanum oblongifolium var. soukupii J.F. Macbr.


Solanum oblongifolium var. soukupii J.F. Macbr. = Solanum oblongifolium Dunal

Reference: Knapp, pers. comm.. 


$


 Solanum oblongum Ruiz & Pav.



Solanum oblongum Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Solanum oblongum J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 211; Knapp, S., 1986: 286. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, tree. Andean I-II: riversides, terra firme forests. 1000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Knapp & Mallet 6324 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Solanum oblongum var. abruptum J.F. Macbr.


Solanum oblongum var. abruptum J.F. Macbr. = Solanum oblongum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1349: 212; Knapp, pers. comm.. 


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 Solanum ochoae Vargas


Solanum ochoae Vargas = Solanum bukasovii var. bukasovii 

Reference: FP 1354: 399; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 140; Ochoa, C. M., 1992: 167. 


$


 Solanum ochranthum Dunal



Solanum ochranthum Dunal

Synonyms: Solanum ochranthum Bitter
Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 298. 
Ecology: Native shrub, vine. Andean II: cloud forests, forests, riversides. 1500-3500 m. 
Voucher: West 6461 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Apur&iacute;mac, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Solanum ochranthum var. glabrifilamentum Bitter


Solanum ochranthum var. glabrifilamentum Bitter = Solanum ochranthum Dunal

Reference: FP 1354: 298. 


$


 Solanum ochrophyllum Van Heurck & M&uuml;ll. Arg.



Solanum ochrophyllum Van Heurck & M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 212. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: disturbed areas. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Pennell 14152 (F)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Solanum olmosense Ochoa



Solanum olmosense Ochoa

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 92. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 4430 (MO!)
Departments: Lambayeque.


$


 Solanum oppositifolium Ruiz & Pav.



Solanum oppositifolium Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Solanum oppositifolium J.F. Macbr., Solanum oppositifolium Pers., Solanum oppositifolium Sendtner, Solanum oppositifolium Sendtner, Solanum oppositifolium Steyerm.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 213; Knapp, S., 1986: 294; Knapp, S., 1991: 199. 
Ecology: Native shrub, subshrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Tafalla s.n.* (MA, frag. F), Schunke 5042 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Solanum orophilum Correll



Solanum orophilum Correll

Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 431; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 146. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean III: rocky slopes. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Smith 9029 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Solanum oxycoccoides Bitter



Solanum oxycoccoides Bitter

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 214. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean III: grasslands, rocky slopes, shrublands. 3500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 3279* , Smith 11384 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Solanum palitans Morton



Solanum palitans Morton

$


 Solanum pallidum Rusby



Solanum pallidum Rusby

Synonyms: Solanum pallidum Bitter
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 172. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Andean II: terra firme forests. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 6667 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cuzco, Puno.


$


 Solanum pampasense A.D. Hawkes


Solanum pampasense A.D. Hawkes = Solanum bukasovii var. bukasovii 

Reference: FP 1354: 333; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 146; Ochoa, C. M., 1992: 167. 


$


 Solanum pampasense fo. glabrescens Correll


Solanum pampasense fo. glabrescens Correll = Solanum marinasense Vargas

Reference: FP 1354: 335; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 142. 


$


 Solanum parvicorollatum Lekhnovich



Solanum parvicorollatum Lekhnovich

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 152. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Solanum parviflorum Usteri


Solanum parviflorum Usteri = Solanum corymbosum Jacq.

Reference: FP 1349: 166. 


$


 Solanum pascoense Ochoa



Solanum pascoense Ochoa

Synonyms: Solanum pascoense Ochoa
Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 433. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Departments: Pasco.


$


 Solanum patellare Van Heurck & M&uuml;ll. Arg.


Solanum patellare Van Heurck & M&uuml;ll. Arg. = Solanum leucocarpon Dunal

Reference: FP 1349: 214; Knapp, S., 1986: 255. 


$


 Solanum patulum Pers.


Solanum patulum Pers. = Solanum ruizii S. Knapp

Reference: FP 1349: 215; Knapp, S., 1989: 91. 


$


 Solanum patulum var. pilosistylum Bitter


Solanum patulum var. pilosistylum  Bitter = Solanum ruizii S. Knapp

Reference: FP 1349: 215; Knapp, S., 1989: 91. 


$


 Solanum paucissectum Ochoa



Solanum paucissectum Ochoa

Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 309; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 185. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: grasslands, shrublands. 2500-3500 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  
Departments: Piura.


$


 Solanum pearcei Britton ex Rusby


Solanum pearcei Britton ex Rusby = Solanum acuminatum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Knapp, pers. comm.. 


$


 Solanum pectinatum Dunal



Solanum pectinatum Dunal

Synonyms: Solanum pectinatum Standl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 257. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 3972 (F!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Solanum peloquinianum Ochoa



Solanum peloquinianum Ochoa

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 105. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Solanum pendulum Ruiz & Pav.


Solanum pendulum Ruiz & Pav. = Cyphomandra pendula (Ruiz & Pav.) Sendtn.

Reference: FP 1349: 15; Bohs, L., 1986: 137. 


$


 Solanum pennellii Correll


Solanum pennellii Correll = Lycopersicon pennellii var. pennellii D'Arcy

Reference: FP 1354: 271. 


$


 Solanum pennellii var. puberulum Correll


Solanum pennellii var. puberulum Correll = Lycopersicon pennellii var. puberulum (Correll) D'Arcy

Reference: FP 1354: 273. 


$


 Solanum pensile Sendtn.



Solanum pensile Sendtn.

Synonyms: Solanum pensile D'Arcy, Solanum pensile Dunal, Solanum pensile Miq., Solanum pensile Morton, Solanum pensile Rusby, Solanum pensile Sendtner


$


 Solanum pentlandii Dunal



Solanum pentlandii Dunal

Synonyms: Solanum pentlandii Bitter
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 173. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean III: cloud forests, disturbed areas. 4000-4500 m. 
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez et al. 7865 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Cuzco, Lima.


$


 Solanum persicaefolium Dunal



Solanum persicaefolium Dunal

$


 Solanum peruvianum L.


Solanum peruvianum L. = Lycopersicon peruvianum var. peruvianum 

Reference: FP 1349: 162; Knapp, S. & C. E. Jarvis, 1990: 347. 


$


 Solanum phureja Juzepczuk & Bukasov



Solanum phureja Juzepczuk & Bukasov

$


 Solanum phureja ssp.hygrothermicum (Ochoa) Hawkes



Solanum phureja ssp. hygrothermicum (Ochoa) Hawkes

Synonyms: Solanum phureja hygrothermicum Ochoa
Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 179. 
Ecology. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Juzepczuk 157* (LE)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Solanum phureja subsp.phureja



Solanum phureja subsp. phureja 

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 178. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Solanum phyllanthum Cav.



Solanum phyllanthum Cav.

Synonyms: Solanum phyllanthum (Cav.) Dunal, Solanum phyllanthum Bitter
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 186 ; Knapp, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native herb. Coastal: lomas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Dillon et al. 4814 (BM)
Departments: Arequipa, Lima, Moquegua, Tacna.


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 Solanum pillahuatense Vargas



Solanum pillahuatense Vargas

Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 352; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 113. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: forests. 2500-3500 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  
Departments: Cuzco.


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 Solanum pimpinellifolium Juslenius


Solanum pimpinellifolium Juslenius = Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium (Juslenius) Mill.

Reference: FP 1349: 163. 


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 Solanum pimpinelloides Hill.



Solanum pimpinelloides Hill.

$


 Solanum pinnatifidum Ruiz & Pav.


Solanum pinnatifidum Ruiz & Pav. = Solanum multifidum Lam.

Reference: FP 1349: 184. 


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 Solanum piurae Bitter



Solanum piurae Bitter

Synonyms: Solanum piurae Correll, Solanum piurae Ochoa
Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 335; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 123. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: grasslands, rocky slopes. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  
Departments: Lima, Piura.


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 Solanum planifurcum Bitter


Solanum planifurcum Bitter = Solanum pallidum Rusby

Reference: FP 1349: 172. 


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 Solanum plowmanii S. Knapp



Solanum plowmanii S. Knapp

Reference: Knapp, S., 1989: 104. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean I-II, Coastal: forests, rocky slopes. 1500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Plowman et al. 14280* (F, HUT), Ochoa 1788 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Lambayeque, Piura, Tumbes.


$


 Solanum poeppigianum Sendtn.



Solanum poeppigianum Sendtn.

$


 Solanum poeppigianum var.medians J.F. Macbr.



Solanum poeppigianum var. medians J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 258. 
Ecology: Native shrub. . 
Voucher: Soukup 538* 
Departments: Cuzco.


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 Solanum poeppigianum var.poeppigianum



Solanum poeppigianum var. poeppigianum 

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 257; Whalen, M. D., 1984: 240. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests. 0-3500 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 1231* (F), Peyton & Peyton 635 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Loreto.


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 Solanum poeppigianum var.vargasii J.F. Macbr.



Solanum poeppigianum var. vargasii J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 258. 
Ecology: Native shrub. . 
Voucher: West 3631* (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


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 Solanum poeppigii (Bitter) Morton


Solanum poeppigii (Bitter) Morton = Lycianthes poeppigii Bitter

Reference: FP 1349: 240. 


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 Solanum poinsettiifolium Rusby



Solanum poinsettiifolium Rusby

$


 Solanum probolospermum Bitter



Solanum probolospermum Bitter

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 173. 
Ecology: Native subshrub. Andean II: forests. 3000-3500 m. 
Departments: Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco.


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 Solanum pseudocapsicum L.



Solanum pseudocapsicum L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 215. 
Ecology: Native shrub. . 
Note: Probably cultivated (Knapp, pers. comm.). 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 2439 (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


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 Solanum pseudolycioides Chod. & Hassl.


Solanum pseudolycioides Chod. & Hassl. = Lycianthes pseudolycioides (Chod. & Hassl.) Bitter

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 Solanum psidiifolium Rusby


Solanum psidiifolium Rusby = Solanum lindenii Rusby

Reference: FP 1349: 216; Knapp, S., 1986: 261. 


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 Solanum pterocladum Van Huerck & Muell. Arg.


Solanum pterocladum Van Huerck & Muell. Arg. = Solanum aligerum Schltdl.

Reference: Knapp, pers. comm.. 


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 Solanum pteropodum Dunal


Solanum pteropodum Dunal = Solanum oblongifolium Dunal

Reference: Knapp, pers. comm.. 


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 Solanum pterospermum Bitter



Solanum pterospermum Bitter

$


 Solanum puberuloba Steyerm.


Solanum puberuloba Steyerm. = Solanum oppositifolium Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Knapp, S., 1991: 199. 


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 Solanum pubescens Ruiz & Pav.


Solanum pubescens Ruiz & Pav. = Solanum luteo-album var. luteo-album 

Reference: FP 1349: 205. 


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 Solanum pulchrum Dunal


Solanum pulchrum Dunal = Solanum sessile Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1349: 216; Knapp, S., 1991: 187. 


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 Solanum pulchrum var. peruvianum Dunal


Solanum pulchrum var. peruvianum Dunal = Solanum sessile Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1349: 216; Knapp, S., 1991: 187. 


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 Solanum pulverulentum Pers.


Solanum pulverulentum Pers. = Solanum cutervanum Zahlbr.

Reference: FP 1349: 209; Knapp, S., 1989: 90. 


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 Solanum pumilum Hawkes


Solanum pumilum Hawkes = Solanum bukasovii var. bukasovii 

Reference: FP 1354: 436; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 148; Ochoa, C. M., 1992: 167. 


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 Solanum punae Juzepczuk


Solanum punae Juzepczuk = Solanum acaule Bitter

Reference: FP 1354: 385; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 183. 


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 Solanum punoense Hawkes


Solanum punoense Hawkes = Solanum bukasovii var. bukasovii 

Reference: FP 1354: 409; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 138; Ochoa, C. M., 1992: 167. 


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 Solanum quercifolium L.



Solanum quercifolium L.

Synonyms: Solanum quercifolium Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 187. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Stork & Horton 9372 (MO!)
Departments: Arequipa, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Loreto.


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 Solanum quinquangulare Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.


Solanum quinquangulare Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. = Solanum acerifolium Dunal

Reference: FP 1349: 259; Nee, M. H., 1979: 249. 


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 Solanum quitoense Lam.



Solanum quitoense Lam.

Synonyms: Solanum quitoense Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 259; Whalen, M. D., D. E. Costich & C. B. Heiser, 1981: 106. 
Ecology. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Mathews s.n. (BM)
Departments: Amazonas.


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 Solanum rachialatum Ochoa


Solanum rachialatum Ochoa = Solanum raquialatum Ochoa

Reference: FP 1354: 306. 


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 Solanum radicans L. f.



Solanum radicans L. f.

Synonyms: Solanum radicans Herrera
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 188. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I-III, Coastal: riversides. 0-4000 m. 
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 7293 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Apur&iacute;mac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, La Libertad, Piura.


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 Solanum radula Vahl


Solanum radula Vahl = Solanum asperum Richard

Reference: FP 1349: 218. 


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 Solanum rantonnei Lescuyer


Solanum rantonnei Lescuyer = Lycianthes rantonnei (Lescuyer) Bitter

Reference: FP 1349: 240. 


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 Solanum raphanifolium Cardenas & Hawkes



Solanum raphanifolium Cardenas & Hawkes

Synonyms: Solanum raphanifolium Cardenas & Hawkes
Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 376; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 101; Ochoa, C. M., 1992: 168. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II-III: disturbed areas. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Ugent & Vargas 3516 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Solanum raquialatum Ochoa



Solanum raquialatum Ochoa

Synonyms: Solanum raquialatum Ochoa
Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 306. 
Ecology. 1000-2500 m. 
Departments: Piura.


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 Solanum reclinatum Dunal


Solanum reclinatum Dunal = Solanum laciniatum Aiton

Reference: FP 1349: 187. 
Note: NN  


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 Solanum recurvum Poir.


Solanum recurvum Poir. = Solanum incurvum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1349: 14. 


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 Solanum regularifolium Correll



Solanum regularifolium Correll

Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 418; Spooner, D. M., R. Castillo T. & L. L&oacute;pez J., 1992: 159. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Solanum rhamphidacanthum Bitter



Solanum rhamphidacanthum Bitter

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 260; Whalen, M. D., 1984: 240. 
Ecology: Native shrub. . 
Voucher: Ule 9763* 


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 Solanum rhomboideilanceolatum Ochoa



Solanum rhomboideilanceolatum Ochoa

Synonyms: Solanum rhomboideilanceolatum (Correll) Ochoa, Solanum rhomboideilanceolatum Correll
Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 437; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 147. 
Ecology. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Correll & Smith P957 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Jun&iacute;n.


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 Solanum rhomboideilanceolatum var. ancophilum Correll


Solanum rhomboideilanceolatum var. ancophilum Correll = Solanum rhomboideilanceolatum Ochoa

Reference: FP 1354: 438; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 147. 


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 Solanum rhopalostigma Bitter


Solanum rhopalostigma Bitter = Solanum phyllanthum Cav.

Reference: FP 1349: 186. 


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 Solanum riparium Pers.



Solanum riparium Pers.

Synonyms: Solanum riparium Kuntze, Solanum riparium Ruiz & Pav., Solanum riparium Rusby
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 222; Roe, K. E., 1972: 259. 
Ecology: Native treelet. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests, grasslands, semi-deciduous forests. 0-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Knapp & Mallet 6367 (BH!, USM!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Solanum robustifrons Bitter



Solanum robustifrons Bitter

Synonyms: Solanum robustifrons J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 217; Knapp, S., 1986: 325. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests, riversides. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 2483* (W), Knapp & Mallet 6650 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Solanum rockefelleri Vargas


Solanum rockefelleri Vargas = Solanum laxissimum Bitter

Reference: FP 1354: 350. 


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 Solanum rugosum Dunal



Solanum rugosum Dunal

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 222; Roe, K. E., 1972: 276. 
Ecology: Andean I: disturbed areas. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 27339 (F)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Solanum ruizii S. Knapp



Solanum ruizii S. Knapp

Synonyms: Solanum ruizii Bitter, Solanum ruizii Pers., Solanum ruizii Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Knapp, S., 1989: 91. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, tree. Andean II-III: terra firme forests. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (F), Macbride 4351 (F)


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 Solanum runcinatum Ruiz & Pav.


Solanum runcinatum Ruiz & Pav. = Solanum quercifolium L.

Reference: Knapp, S. & C. E. Jarvis, 1990: 354. 


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 Solanum salasianum Ochoa



Solanum salasianum Ochoa

$


 Solanum salviifolium Lam.


Solanum salviifolium Lam. = Solanum schlechtendalianum Walp.

Reference: FP 1349: 217. 


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 Solanum sandemanii Hawkes



Solanum sandemanii Hawkes

Synonyms: Solanum sandemanii (Hawkes) Correll
Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 456. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2000-3500 m. 
Departments: Arequipa, Ayacucho.


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 Solanum sandianum Bitter



Solanum sandianum Bitter

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 174. 
Ecology: Native shrub. . 
Departments: Cuzco, Puno.


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 Solanum santolallae fo. velutinum Correll


Solanum santolallae fo. velutinum Correll = Solanum santolallae Vargas

Reference: FP 1354: 356 ; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 113. 


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 Solanum santolallae var. acutifolium Vargas


Solanum santolallae var. acutifolium Vargas = Solanum santolallae Vargas

Reference: FP 1354: 354; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 113. 


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 Solanum santolallae Vargas



Solanum santolallae Vargas

Synonyms: Solanum santolallae Correll, Solanum santolallae Correll, Solanum santolallae Vargas
Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 354; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 113. 
Ecology: Endemic Andean II-III: disturbed areas, forests. 2500-4000 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco.


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 Solanum saponaceum Dunal



Solanum saponaceum Dunal

Synonyms: Solanum saponaceum Jacq., Solanum saponaceum Ruiz & Pav., Solanum saponaceum Sendtner
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 261; Whalen, M. D., 1984: 237. 
Ecology: Native shrub, subshrub, tree. Andean I-II: cloud forests, riversides, terra firme forests. 1000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 7590 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Apur&iacute;mac, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, La Libertad, Loreto, Pasco, Piura, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Solanum sarachidium Bitter


Solanum sarachidium Bitter = Solanum sarrachoides Sendtner

Reference: Edmonds, J. M., 1986: 16. 


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 Solanum sarasarae Ochoa



Solanum sarasarae Ochoa

Reference: Ochoa, C., 1988: 245. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ochoa 4197* (US)
Departments: Ayacucho.


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 Solanum sarrachoides Sendtner



Solanum sarrachoides Sendtner

Synonyms: Solanum sarrachoides (Bitter) Morton, Solanum sarrachoides Bitter, Solanum sarrachoides Dunal, Solanum sarrachoides Krause, Solanum sarrachoides Walpers
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 175; Edmonds, J. M., 1986: 16. 
Ecology. 3500- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Stork et al. 10584 (K)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac.


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 Solanum sarrachoides var. sarachidium (Bitter) Morton


Solanum sarrachoides var. sarachidium (Bitter) Morton = Solanum sarrachoides Sendtner

Reference: Edmonds, J. M., 1986: 16. 


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 Solanum sawyeri Ochoa



Solanum sawyeri Ochoa

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 153. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  
Departments: Cuzco.


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 Solanum saxatilis Ochoa



Solanum saxatilis Ochoa

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 Solanum scabrifolium Ochoa



Solanum scabrifolium Ochoa

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 153. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


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 Solanum scabrum Ruiz & Pav.


Solanum scabrum Ruiz & Pav. = Solanum saponaceum Dunal

Reference: FP 1349: 261; Whalen, M. D., 1984: 237. 


$


 Solanum schizopodium Sendtner


Solanum schizopodium Sendtner = Solanum oppositifolium Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Knapp, S., 1991: 199. 


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 Solanum schlechtendalianum Walp.



Solanum schlechtendalianum Walp.

Synonyms: Solanum schlechtendalianum Dunal, Solanum schlechtendalianum Dunal, Solanum schlechtendalianum Lam.


$


 Solanum seaforthianum Andrews



Solanum seaforthianum Andrews

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 188. 
Ecology: Cultivated vine. Amazonian: disturbed areas. . 
Departments: Loreto.


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 Solanum selachophyllum Bitter



Solanum selachophyllum Bitter

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 218; Roe, K. E., 1972: 268. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests. 1000-3000 m. 
Note: Based on material not determined to variety.  
Voucher: Weberbauer 3399* (B), Young & Sullivan 541 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Pasco, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Solanum selachophyllum var.seorsum J.F. Macbr.



Solanum selachophyllum var. seorsum J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 219. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Williams 2606* (F)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Solanum semievectum Bitter


Solanum semievectum Bitter = Solanum mite Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1349: 189; Knapp, pers. comm.. 


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 Solanum semiscandens Bitter



Solanum semiscandens Bitter

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 189. 
Ecology. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Pearce s.n.* (K!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Solanum sempervirens Dunal


Solanum sempervirens Dunal = Solanum pensile Sendtn.

Reference: FP 1349: 207. 


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 Solanum senecioides Dunal


Solanum senecioides Dunal = Solanum multifidum Lam.

Reference: FP 1349: 184. 


$


 Solanum sericeum Ruiz & Pav.



Solanum sericeum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 219. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Solanum sessile Ruiz & Pav.



Solanum sessile Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Solanum sessile Bitter, Solanum sessile C.V. Morton, Solanum sessile Dunal, Solanum sessile Dunal, Solanum sessile Van Heurck & M&uuml;ll. Arg., Solanum sessile Werdermann
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 220; Knapp, S., 1986: 332; Knapp, S., 1991: 187. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub, tree, treelet. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Knapp & Mallet 6563 (US, USM)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal



Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal

Synonyms: Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal
Reference: Whalen, M. D., D. E. Costich & C. B. Heiser, 1981: 77. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Croat 18303 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Solanum sicuanum Hawkes


Solanum sicuanum Hawkes = Solanum bukasovii var. bukasovii 

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 148. 


$


 Solanum simplicissimum Ochoa



Solanum simplicissimum Ochoa

$


 Solanum sinuatiexcisum Bitter



Solanum sinuatiexcisum Bitter

Synonyms: Solanum sinuatiexcisum Bitter
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 175; Edmonds, J. M., 1972: 100. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Departments: Cuzco.


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 Solanum sisymbrifolium Lam.



Solanum sisymbrifolium Lam.

Synonyms: Solanum sisymbrifolium Dunal
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 262. 
Ecology. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Metcalf 30806 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Lambayeque, Loreto, Piura, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Solanum smithii S. Knapp



Solanum smithii S. Knapp

Reference: Knapp, S., 1992: 348. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: forests. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Smith & V&aacute;squez 3409 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Solanum sogarandae Firbas & Ross


Solanum sogarandae Firbas & Ross = Solanum sogarandinum Ochoa

Reference: FP 1354: 380. 


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 Solanum sogarandinum Ochoa



Solanum sogarandinum Ochoa

Synonyms: Solanum sogarandinum Firbas & Ross
Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 380; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 102. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: grasslands. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Solanum solum J.F. Macbr.



Solanum solum J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 220; Knapp, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Schunke 5764* (F)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


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 Solanum soukupii Hawkes


Solanum soukupii Hawkes = Solanum bukasovii var. bukasovii 

Reference: FP 1354: 440; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 138; Ochoa, C. M., 1992: 167. 


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 Solanum soukupii var. espinarense (Vargas) Ochoa


Solanum soukupii var. espinarense (Vargas) Ochoa = Solanum bukasovii var. bukasovii 

Reference: FP 1354: 415; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 138; Ochoa, C. M., 1992: 167. 


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 Solanum sparsipilum (Bitter) Vavilov



Solanum sparsipilum (Bitter) Vavilov

$


 Solanum sparsipilum subsp.calcense (Hawkes) Hawkes



Solanum sparsipilum subsp. calcense (Hawkes) Hawkes

Synonyms: Solanum sparsipilum calcense Hawkes
Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 169. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: disturbed areas. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  
Departments: Cuzco.


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 Solanum sparsipilum subsp.sparsipilum (Bitter) Vavilov



Solanum sparsipilum subsp. sparsipilum (Bitter) Vavilov

Synonyms: Solanum sparsipilum sparsipilum Hawkes, Solanum sparsipilum sparsipilum Juzepczuk, Solanum sparsipilum sparsipilum Vargas, Solanum sparsipilum subsp. sparsipilum Bitter, Solanum sparsipilum var. sparsipilum (Cardenas & Hawkes) Correll, Solanum sparsipilum var. sparsipilum Cardenas & Hawkes, Solanum sparsipilum var. sparsipilum Vargas
Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 442; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 168. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: disturbed areas. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Ugent 872 (MO!)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Cuzco.


$


 Solanum sparsipilum var. llallaguanianum (Cardenas & Hawkes) Correll


Solanum sparsipilum var. llallaguanianum (Cardenas & Hawkes) Correll = Solanum sparsipilum subsp. sparsipilum (Bitter) Vavilov

Reference: FP 1354: 443; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 168. 


$


 Solanum sprucei Van Heurck & M&uuml;ll. Arg.


Solanum sprucei Van Heurck & M&uuml;ll. Arg. = Lycianthes sprucei (Van Heurck & M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Bitter

Reference: FP 1349: 241. 


$


 Solanum stamineum Steud.


Solanum stamineum Steud. = Solanum subinerme Jacq.

Reference: Knapp, pers. comm.. 


$


 Solanum stellatum Ruiz & Pav.


Solanum stellatum Ruiz & Pav. = Solanum hispidum var. hispidum 

Reference: FP 1349: 252; Whalen, M. D., 1984: 237. 


$


 Solanum stenolobum Van Heurck & M&uuml;ll. Arg.


Solanum stenolobum Van Heurck & M&uuml;ll. Arg. = Lycianthes stenoloba (Van Heurck & M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Bitter

Reference: FP 1349: 241. 


$


 Solanum stenophyllum Dunal



Solanum stenophyllum Dunal

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 209; Knapp, S., 1989: 87. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   The type is said to be from Peru but is probably from Ecuador (Knapp, 1989a: 87). 


$


 Solanum stenotomum Juzepczuk & Bukasov



Solanum stenotomum Juzepczuk & Bukasov

$


 Solanum stenotomum Juzepczuk & Bukasov subsp.stenotomum



Solanum stenotomum Juzepczuk & Bukasov subsp. stenotomum 

Synonyms: Solanum stenotomum stenotomum Hawkes, Solanum stenotomum var. stenotomum, Solanum stenotomum var. stenotomum Hawkes
Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 180. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  


$


 Solanum stenotomum subsp.goniocalyx (Juzepczuk & Bukasov) Hawkes



Solanum stenotomum subsp. goniocalyx (Juzepczuk & Bukasov) Hawkes

Synonyms: Solanum stenotomum goniocalyx Juzepczuk & Bukasov, Solanum stenotomum var. goniocalyx Hawkes
Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 180. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. . 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  


$


 Solanum steyermarkii Carvalho



Solanum steyermarkii Carvalho

Reference: Carvalho, L. d'A Freire de, 1991: 244. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Foster et al. 3210 (MO!)


$


 Solanum stramoniifolium Jacq.



Solanum stramoniifolium Jacq.

$


 Solanum stramoniifolium var.inerme (Dunal) Whalen



Solanum stramoniifolium var. inerme (Dunal) Whalen

Synonyms: Solanum stramoniifolium inerme Huber, Solanum stramoniifolium var. inerme Dunal
Reference: Whalen, M. D., D. E. Costich & C. B. Heiser, 1981: 76. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Croat 18330 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Pasco.


$


 Solanum stramoniifolium var.stramoniifolium Jacq.



Solanum stramoniifolium var. stramoniifolium Jacq.

Reference: Whalen, M. D., D. E. Costich & C. B. Heiser, 1981: 75. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Ayala 509 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Solanum styleanum Dunal


Solanum styleanum Dunal = Solanum sarrachoides Sendtner

Reference: Edmonds, J. M., 1986: 16. 


$


 Solanum styracioides Rusby


Solanum styracioides Rusby = Solanum pensile Sendtn.

Reference: FP 1349: 221; Nee, pers. comm.. 


$


 Solanum suaveolens Kunth & Bouch&eacute;



Solanum suaveolens Kunth & Bouch&eacute;

Synonyms: Solanum suaveolens Dunal, Solanum suaveolens Van Heurck & M&uuml;ll. Arg.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 292. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub, vine. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests, grasslands, rocky slopes. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: D&iacute;az 1986 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Ica, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Tumbes.


$


 Solanum subinerme Jacq.



Solanum subinerme Jacq.

Synonyms: Solanum subinerme Lam., Solanum subinerme Richard, Solanum subinerme Steud., Solanum subinerme Vahl
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 263; Whalen, M. D., 1984: 239. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 7802 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Solanum subquinatum Bitter


Solanum subquinatum Bitter = Solanum diffusum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1349: 190; Knapp, pers. comm.. 


$


 Solanum supranitidum Bitter


Solanum supranitidum Bitter = Solanum nudum Dunal

Reference: Knapp, pers. comm.. 


$


 Solanum surinamense Steud.


Solanum surinamense Steud. = Solanum leucocarpon Dunal

Reference: Knapp, S., 1986: 255. 


$


 Solanum tacnaense fo. decurrentialatum (Ochoa) Correll


Solanum tacnaense fo. decurrentialatum (Ochoa) Correll = Solanum weberbaueri Bitter

Reference: FP 1354: 454; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 149. 


$


 Solanum tacnaense Ochoa



Solanum tacnaense Ochoa

Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 452; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 148. 
Ecology: Andean II: rocky slopes. 2000-3500 m. 
Departments: Moquegua, Tacna.


$


 Solanum tacnaense var. sandemanii (Hawkes) Correll


Solanum tacnaense var. sandemanii (Hawkes) Correll = Solanum sandemanii Hawkes

Reference: FP 1354: 456. 


$


 Solanum tafallae J.F. Macbr.


Solanum tafallae J.F. Macbr. = Solanum multifidum Lam.

Reference: FP 1349: 184. 


$


 Solanum talarense Svenson



Solanum talarense Svenson

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 264. 
Ecology: Native subshrub. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, rocky slopes. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Haught & Svenson 11534* , Stevens et al. 21995 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Piura.


$


 Solanum tapojense Ochoa



Solanum tapojense Ochoa

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 154. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  
Departments: Puno.


$


 Solanum tarapatanum Ochoa



Solanum tarapatanum Ochoa

$


 Solanum tarapotense Van Heurck & M&uuml;ll. Arg.


Solanum tarapotense Van Heurck & M&uuml;ll. Arg. = Solanum suaveolens Kunth & Bouch&eacute;

Reference: FP 1354: 292. 


$


 Solanum taulisense Ochoa



Solanum taulisense Ochoa

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 154. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean III: grasslands. 3500-4000 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Solanum tenellum Bitter


Solanum tenellum Bitter = Solanum americanum Mill.

Reference: Ochoa, C. M., 1989: 235. 


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 Solanum tenellum Ochoa


Solanum tenellum Ochoa = Solanum chillonanum Ochoa

Reference: Ochoa, C. M., 1989: 235. 
Note: nom. illeg.  


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 Solanum tenuifilamentum Juzepczuk & Bukasov


Solanum tenuifilamentum Juzepczuk & Bukasov = Solanum chaucha Juzepczuk & Bukasov

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 176. 


$


 Solanum tenuispinum Rusby



Solanum tenuispinum Rusby

Synonyms: Solanum tenuispinum Morton
Reference: Nee, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Andean II: disturbed areas. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 7548 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Solanum tequilense A. Gray


Solanum tequilense A. Gray = Solanum candidum Lindl.

Reference: Whalen, M. D., D. E. Costich & C. B. Heiser, 1981: 96. 


$


 Solanum ternatum Ruiz & Pav.



Solanum ternatum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 190. 
Ecology: Native herb, vine. Amazonian, Andean I-II: cloud forests. 0-3000 m. 
Voucher: Smith 4104 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Pasco.


$


 Solanum thelopodium Sendtn.



Solanum thelopodium Sendtn.

$


 Solanum theobromophyllum Bitter



Solanum theobromophyllum Bitter

Synonyms: Solanum theobromophyllum Bitter
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 221. 
Ecology. 0-1000 m. 
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto.


$


 Solanum theobromophyllum var. procerius Bitter


Solanum theobromophyllum var. procerius Bitter = Solanum theobromophyllum Bitter

Reference: FP 1349: 221. 


$


 Solanum tilcarense Hawkes


Solanum tilcarense Hawkes = Solanum megistacrolobum Bitter

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 101. 


$


 Solanum topiro Dunal


Solanum topiro Dunal = Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal

Reference: FP 1349: 264; Whalen, M. D., D. E. Costich & C. B. Heiser, 1981: 77. 


$


 Solanum toralapanum Cardenas & Hawkes



Solanum toralapanum Cardenas & Hawkes

Synonyms: Solanum toralapanum Cardenas & Hawkes
Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 380; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 103. 
Ecology: Native Andean II-III: grasslands, rocky slopes. 3000-4500 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  
Departments: Puno.


$


 Solanum toralapanum var. subintegrifolium Cardenas & Hawkes


Solanum toralapanum var. subintegrifolium Cardenas & Hawkes = Solanum toralapanum Cardenas & Hawkes

Reference: FP 1354: 384; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 103. 


$


 Solanum torvum Sw.



Solanum torvum Sw.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 265. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Solanum tovarii S. Knapp



Solanum tovarii S. Knapp

Reference: Knapp, S., 1992:. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: grasslands, shrublands. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Tovar 1932* (USM), Stork & Horton 10273 (F, K)
Departments: Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Solanum trachycyphum Bitter



Solanum trachycyphum Bitter

Reference: Roe, K. E., 1972: 272. 
Ecology: Native shrub, treelet. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests, riversides. 0-3000 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 25839 (NY)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Solanum trifolium Dunal



Solanum trifolium Dunal

$


 Solanum trinitense Ochoa



Solanum trinitense Ochoa

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 154. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Cajamarca.


$


 Solanum tuberiferum Dunal


Solanum tuberiferum Dunal = Solanum montanum L.

Reference: FP 1349: 183. 


$


 Solanum tuberiferum var. arenarium Dunal


Solanum tuberiferum var. arenarium Dunal = ?  

Reference: FP 1349: 183. 


$


 Solanum tuberosum L.



Solanum tuberosum L.

$


 Solanum tuberosum L. subsp.tuberosum



Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. tuberosum 

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 181. 
Ecology: Cultivated herb. Andean III: disturbed areas. 3500-4000 m. 
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Solanum tuberosum subsp.andigena (Juzepczuk & Bukasov) Hawkes



Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena (Juzepczuk & Bukasov) Hawkes

Synonyms: Solanum tuberosum andigena Juzepczuk, Solanum tuberosum andigena Juzepczuk & Bukasov, Solanum tuberosum andigena Vargas
Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 182; Ochoa, C. M., 1992: 168. 
Ecology: Cultivated herb. Coastal: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Mexia 04073 (MO!)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Solanum tuberosum subsp. sparsipilum Bitter


Solanum tuberosum subsp. sparsipilum Bitter = Solanum sparsipilum subsp. sparsipilum (Bitter) Vavilov

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 168. 


$


 Solanum uleanum Bitter



Solanum uleanum Bitter

Synonyms: Solanum uleanum Bitter, Solanum uleanum Bitter
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 190. 
Ecology: Native vine. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Smith & Franzen 1922 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Solanum uleanum var. gracilescens Bitter


Solanum uleanum var. gracilescens Bitter = Solanum uleanum Bitter

$


 Solanum uleanum var. unipedunculata Bitter


Solanum uleanum var. unipedunculata Bitter = Solanum uleanum Bitter

Reference: FP 1349: 190. 


$


 Solanum ulei (Bitter) Morton


Solanum ulei (Bitter) Morton = Lycianthes ulei Bitter

Reference: FP 1349: 242. 


$


 Solanum umbellatum Mill.



Solanum umbellatum Mill.

Synonyms: Solanum umbellatum Dunal, Solanum umbellatum Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 222; Roe, K. E., 1972: 274. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 15642 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Solanum umbellatum var. fulgens J.F. Macbr.


Solanum umbellatum var. fulgens J.F. Macbr. = Solanum fulgens (J.F. Macbr.) Roe

Reference: FP 1349: 222; Roe, K. E., 1972: 275. 


$


 Solanum urceolatum Pers.


Solanum urceolatum Pers. = Solanum oppositifolium Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1349: 213; Knapp, S., 1991: 199. 


$


 Solanum urubambae Juzepczuk



Solanum urubambae Juzepczuk

Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 357; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 114. 
Ecology. 2000-3000 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes, (1990).  
Voucher: Juzepczuk 10973 (LE), Vargas 9140 
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Cuzco.


$


 Solanum uyunense Cardenas


Solanum uyunense Cardenas = Solanum acaule Bitter

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 183. 


$


 Solanum vanheurckii M&uuml;ll. Arg.



Solanum vanheurckii M&uuml;ll. Arg.

$


 Solanum vargasii Hawkes


Solanum vargasii Hawkes = Solanum lignicaule Vargas

Reference: FP 1354: 422; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 91. 


$


 Solanum variegatum Ruiz & Pav.


Solanum variegatum Ruiz & Pav. = Solanum muricatum Aiton

Reference: FP 1354: 278. 


$


 Solanum vavilovii Juzepczuk & Bukasov


Solanum vavilovii Juzepczuk & Bukasov = Solanum wittmackii Bitter

Reference: FP 1354: 362; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 149. 


$


 Solanum velardei Ochoa



Solanum velardei Ochoa

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 154. 
Ecology. 2000-3000 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac.


$


 Solanum velleum Roemer & Schultes



Solanum velleum Roemer & Schultes

$


 Solanum velleum var.tovarii J.F. Macbr.



Solanum velleum var. tovarii J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 266. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. . 
Voucher: Metcalf 30545* (F)
Departments: Puno.


$


 Solanum velleum var.velleum



Solanum velleum var. velleum 

Synonyms: Solanum velleum velleum Dunal
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 266. 


$


 Solanum velutissimum Rusby



Solanum velutissimum Rusby

$


 Solanum verbascifolium L.


Solanum verbascifolium L. = Solanum donianum Walpers

Reference: FP 1349: 223; Knapp, pers. comm.. 
Note: NN  


$


 Solanum verbascifolium var. caducum Kuntze


Solanum verbascifolium var. caducum Kuntze = Solanum riparium Pers.

Reference: Roe, K. E., 1972: 259. 


$


 Solanum viliflorum Sendtner


Solanum viliflorum Sendtner = Solanum oppositifolium Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Knapp, S., 1991: 199. 


$


 Solanum villuspetalum Vargas



Solanum villuspetalum Vargas

Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 443; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 114. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Solanum violaceimarmoratum Bitter



Solanum violaceimarmoratum Bitter

Synonyms: Solanum violaceimarmoratum Hawkes, Solanum violaceimarmoratum Ochoa
Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 357; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 115. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Solanum violaceimarmoratum var. papillosum Hawkes


Solanum violaceimarmoratum var. papillosum Hawkes = Solanum violaceimarmoratum Bitter

Reference: FP 1354: 357; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 115. 
Note: NN  


$


 Solanum violaceistriatum Bitter


Solanum violaceistriatum Bitter = Solanum insolaesolis Bitter

Reference: FP 1349: 168. 


$


 Solanum violifolium Schott



Solanum violifolium Schott

$


 Solanum viridiflorum Ruiz & Pav.


Solanum viridiflorum Ruiz & Pav. = Cyphomandra viridiflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Sendtner

Reference: FP 1349: 17; Bohs, L., 1986: 299. 


$


 Solanum viridipes Dunal


Solanum viridipes Dunal = Solanum barbeyanum Huber

Reference: Nee, pers. comm.. 


$


 Solanum vitocense Dunal


Solanum vitocense Dunal = Lycianthes glandulosa (R. & P.) Bitter

Reference: FP 1349: 235. 


$


 Solanum weberbaueri Bitter



Solanum weberbaueri Bitter

Synonyms: Solanum weberbaueri (Ochoa) Correll, Solanum weberbaueri Cardenas & Hawkes, Solanum weberbaueri Ochoa
Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 456; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 149. 
Ecology. 500-3500 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  
Departments: Arequipa, Tacna.


$


 Solanum weberbaueri var. decurrentialatum Ochoa


Solanum weberbaueri var. decurrentialatum Ochoa = Solanum weberbaueri Bitter

Reference: FP 1354: 454; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 149. 


$


 Solanum weberbaueri var. poscoanum Cardenas & Hawkes


Solanum weberbaueri var. poscoanum Cardenas & Hawkes = Solanum weberbaueri Bitter

Reference: FP 1354: 456; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 149. 


$


 Solanum wendlandii Hook. f.



Solanum wendlandii Hook. f.

$


 Solanum wittmackii Bitter



Solanum wittmackii Bitter

Synonyms: Solanum wittmackii Bitter, Solanum wittmackii Juzepczuk & Bukasov
Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 362; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 149. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Coastal: lomas. 0-500 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  
Departments: Lima.


$


 Solanum wittmackii var. glauciviride Bitter


Solanum wittmackii var. glauciviride Bitter = Solanum wittmackii Bitter

Reference: FP 1354: 362; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 149. 


$


 Solanum xanthophaeum Bitter



Solanum xanthophaeum Bitter

Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 224. 
Ecology. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 3690* (G, MOL), Schunke 6193 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Solanum xylopiaefolium Dunal


Solanum xylopiaefolium Dunal = Lycianthes xylopiifolia (Dunal) Bitter

$


 Solanum yabari var. cuzcoense Hawkes


Solanum yabari var. cuzcoense Hawkes = Solanum stenotomum Juzepczuk & Bukasov subsp. stenotomum 

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 180. 


$


 Solanum yabari var. pepino Hawkes


Solanum yabari var. pepino Hawkes = ?  

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 179. 


$


 Solanum yabari var. yabari


Solanum yabari var. yabari = Solanum stenotomum Juzepczuk & Bukasov subsp. stenotomum 

Reference: Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 179. 


$


 Solanum yamobambense Ochoa



Solanum yamobambense Ochoa

Reference: Flora Peru: 1354: 335; Hawkes, J. G., 1990: 124. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Hawkes (1990).  
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Solanum yanamonense S. Knapp



Solanum yanamonense S. Knapp

Reference: Knapp, S., 1986: 391. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, subshrub. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Knapp 6613* (US), Gentry et al. 37969 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Solanum yapacaniense Kuntze


Solanum yapacaniense Kuntze = Solanum barbeyanum Huber

Reference: FP 1349: 266; Nee, pers. comm.. 


$


 Solanum zahlbruckneri Bitter


Solanum zahlbruckneri Bitter = Solanum nigrescens M. Martens & Galeotti

Reference: FP 1349: 175. 


$


 Soleirolia soleirolii (Requien) Dandy



Soleirolia soleirolii (Requien) Dandy

Synonyms: Soleirolia soleirolii Requien
Reference: Gutte, G, K. M&uuml;ller & C. M&uuml;ller, 1986: 192. 
Voucher: Muller & Gutte 9570 (B)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Solena gracilis Rudge


Solena gracilis Rudge = Posoqueria latifolia subsp. gracilis (Rudge) Steyerm.

Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1967: 327. 


$


 Solena latifolia Rudge


Solena latifolia Rudge = Posoqueria latifolia subsp. latifolia 

Reference: FP 1365: 99; Steyermark, J. A., 1967: 326. 


$


 Solenidiopsis flavobrunnea Senghas



Solenidiopsis flavobrunnea Senghas

Reference: Senghas, K., 1989: 206; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: W&uuml;rstle O-18778* (BGH)
Departments: Amazonas, Piura.


$


 Solenidiopsis tigroides (C. Schweinf.) Senghas



Solenidiopsis tigroides (C. Schweinf.) Senghas

Synonyms: Solenidiopsis tigroides C. Schweinf.
Reference: Senghas, K., 1986: 274; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 3840* 
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Solenidium lunatum (Lindl.) Kraenzl.



Solenidium lunatum (Lindl.) Kraenzl.

Synonyms: Solenidium lunatum Lindl.
Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Solenidium peruvianum Schltr.



Solenidium peruvianum Schltr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1484: 850; 1510: 75; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Filomeno s.n.* 
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Soliva mexicana DC.


Soliva mexicana DC. = Cotula mexicana (DC.) Cabrera

Reference: FP 1417: 7; Cabrera, A. L., 1960: 207. 


$


 Soliva minuta (L. f.) Sweet


Soliva minuta (L. f.) Sweet = Cotula mexicana (DC.) Cabrera

Reference: FP 1417: 7; Cabrera, A. L., 1960: 207. 


$


 Soliva nasturtiifolia (Juss.) DC.


Soliva nasturtiifolia (Juss.) DC. = Soliva stolonifera (Brot.) Loudon

Reference: FP 1417: 17. 


$


 Soliva neglecta Cabrera



Soliva neglecta Cabrera

Reference: Flora Peru: 1417: 16. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean III: disturbed areas. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Cerrate 2515 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Soliva pedicellata Ruiz & Pav.


Soliva pedicellata Ruiz & Pav. = Cotula mexicana (DC.) Cabrera

Reference: FP 1417: 7; Cabrera, A. L., 1960: 207. 


$


 Soliva pedunculata R. & P. ex Steud.


Soliva pedunculata R. & P. ex Steud. = Cotula mexicana (DC.) Cabrera

Reference: FP 1417: 7; Cabrera, A. L., 1960: 207. 


$


 Soliva pygmaea Kunth


Soliva pygmaea Kunth = Cotula mexicana (DC.) Cabrera

Reference: FP 1417: 7; Cabrera, A. L., 1960: 207. 


$


 Soliva stolonifera (Brot.) Loudon



Soliva stolonifera (Brot.) Loudon

Synonyms: Soliva stolonifera (Juss.) DC., Soliva stolonifera Brot., Soliva stolonifera Juss.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1417: 17. 
Ecology: Introduced herb. Andean II: disturbed areas. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 819 (F!)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Sommera sabiceoides Schum.



Sommera sabiceoides Schum.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 84. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests, riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez 2877 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Somphoxylon deminutum Diels


Somphoxylon deminutum Diels = Odontocarya deminuta (Diels) Barneby

Reference: FP 1274: 693; Barneby, R. C., 1970: 121. 


$


 Somphoxylon klugii A.C. Sm.


Somphoxylon klugii A.C. Sm. = Odontocarya klugii (A.C. Sm.) Barneby

Reference: FP 1274: 693; Barneby, R. C., 1970: 117. 


$


 Somphoxylon magnifolium A.C. Sm.


Somphoxylon magnifolium A.C. Sm. = Odontocarya magnifolia (A. C. Smith) Barneby

Reference: Barneby, R. C., 1970: 118. 


$


 Somphoxylon ulei Diels


Somphoxylon ulei Diels = Odontocarya dielsiana Barneby

Reference: FP 1274: 694; Barneby, R. C., 1970: 114. 


$


 Somphoxylon wullschlaegelii Eichl.


Somphoxylon wullschlaegelii Eichl. = Odontocarya wullschlaegelii var. wullschlaegellii 

Reference: FP 1274: 694; Barneby, R. C., 1970: 111. 


$


 Sonchus asper (L.) Hill


Sonchus asper (L.) Hill = Picrosia longifolia D. Don

Reference: Boulos, L., 1960: 412. 


$


 Sonchus oleraceus L.



Sonchus oleraceus L.

Reference: Boulos, L., 1960: 412. 
Ecology. 0-3000 m. 
Voucher: Dillon 2600 (F!)
Departments: Arequipa, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, La Libertad, Moquegua, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n, Tacna.


$


 Sonchus oleraceus var. asper L.


Sonchus oleraceus var. asper L. = Picrosia longifolia D. Don

$


 Sophoclesia weberbauerii Hoerold


Sophoclesia weberbauerii Hoerold = Sphyrospermum weberbauerii (Hoer.) A.C. Sm.

Reference: FP 1325: 65. 


$


 Sophora tetraptera J. Miller



Sophora tetraptera J. Miller

Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 245; Isely, D., 1981: 44. 
Ecology: Cultivated tree. Coastal: disturbed areas. 0-1000 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed; a native of New Zealand. 


$


 Sorema cordata Remy


Sorema cordata Remy = Nolana adansonii (Roemer & Schultes) I.M. Johnst.

Reference: FP 1288: 836. 


$


 Sorghastrum stipoides (Kunth) Nash



Sorghastrum stipoides (Kunth) Nash

Synonyms: Sorghastrum stipoides Kunth
Reference: McVaugh, R., 1983: 367; Tovar, O., 1981: 113. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: grasslands. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 5384 (F!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Sorghum arundinaceum (Desv.) Stapf


Sorghum arundinaceum (Desv.) Stapf = Sorghum bicolor subsp. arundinaceum (Desv.) de Wet & J.R. Harlan ex Davidse

Reference: Wet de, J. M. J., 1978: 481; Davidse, pers. comm.. 


$


 Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench



Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench

$


 Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench subsp.bicolor



Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench subsp. bicolor 

Synonyms: Sorghum bicolor bicolor L., Sorghum bicolor bicolor L., Sorghum bicolor bicolor Pers.
Reference: Wet de, J. M. J., 1978: 479; Pohl, R. W., 1980: 537. 
Ecology: Cultivated herb. Amazonian: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Berlin 2012 (F!)
Departments: Amazonas, Madre de Dios.


$


 Sorghum bicolor subsp. arundinaceum (Desv.) de Wet &


Sorghum bicolor subsp. arundinaceum (Desv.) de Wet & = Sorghum bicolor subsp. arundinaceum (Desv.) de Wet & J.R. Harlan ex Davidse

Reference: Wet de, J. M. J., 1978: 481; Davidse, pers. comm.. 


$


 Sorghum bicolor subsp.arundinaceum (Desv.) de Wet & J.R. Harlan ex Davidse



Sorghum bicolor subsp. arundinaceum (Desv.) de Wet & J.R. Harlan ex Davidse

Synonyms: Sorghum bicolor arundinaceum (Desv.) Stapf, Sorghum bicolor arundinaceum Desv., Sorghum bicolor arundinaceum Willd., Sorghum bicolor subsp. arundinaceum (Desv.) de Wet &


$


 Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.



Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.

Synonyms: Sorghum halepense (Hack.) Hayek, Sorghum halepense (L.) Brot., Sorghum halepense Hack., Sorghum halepense L.
Reference: Flora Peru: 719: 254; Wet de, J. M. J., 1978: 478; Pohl, R. W., 1980: 537. 
Ecology: Introduced herb. Amazonian: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ayala 305 (F!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Cuzco, Lima, Loreto.


$


 Sorghum halepense var. muticum (Hack.) Hayek


Sorghum halepense var. muticum (Hack.) Hayek = Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.

Reference: Smith, L. B., D. C. Wasshausen & R. M. Klein, 1982: 1224; Davidse, pers. comm.. 


$


 Sorghum vulgare Pers.


Sorghum vulgare Pers. = Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench subsp. bicolor 

Reference: FP 719: 255; Pohl, R. W., 1980: 537. 


$


 Sorindeia aurantiodora Ruiz ex Engl.


Sorindeia aurantiodora Ruiz ex Engl. = Mauria suaveolens Poepp.

Reference: FP 681: 246; Barfod, A. S., 1987: 29. 


$


 Sorindeia puberula var. venulosa Marchand


Sorindeia puberula var. venulosa Marchand = Mauria suaveolens Poepp.

Reference: Barfod, A. S., 1987: 29. 


$


 Sorocea briquetii J.F. Macbr.



Sorocea briquetii J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1233: 311; Burger, W. C., J. Lanjouw & J. G. Wessels Boer, 1962: 441; Berg, C. C. & R. W. A. P. Akkermans, 1985: 389. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: terra firme forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 4220* (G), V&aacute;squez et al. 6914 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sorocea duckei W.C. Burger



Sorocea duckei W.C. Burger

Synonyms: Sorocea duckei Ducke
Reference: Burger, W. C., J. Lanjouw & J. G. Wessels Boer, 1962: 473; Berg, C. C. & R. W. A. P. Akkermans, 1985: 391. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Stein & Kallunki 3931 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Ucayali.


$


 Sorocea guilleminiana Gaudich.



Sorocea guilleminiana Gaudich.

Synonyms: Sorocea guilleminiana Baill.
Reference: Burger, W. C., J. Lanjouw & J. G. Wessels Boer, 1962: 461; Berg, C. C. & R. W. A. P. Akkermans, 1985: 383. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Young & Stratton 323 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Madre de Dios, Ucayali.


$


 Sorocea hirtella Mildbr.



Sorocea hirtella Mildbr.

$


 Sorocea hirtella Mildbr. subsp.hirtella



Sorocea hirtella Mildbr. subsp. hirtella 

Synonyms: Sorocea hirtella hirtella J.F. Macbr., Sorocea hirtella hirtella Warburg ex Ule, nom. nud.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1233: 311; Burger, W. C., J. Lanjouw & J. G. Wessels Boer, 1962: 443; Berg, C. C. & R. W. A. P. Akkermans, 1985: 383. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note:   
Voucher: Tessmann 4016* (B), Kayap 184 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sorocea hirtella subsp.oligotricha Akkermans & C.C. Berg



Sorocea hirtella subsp. oligotricha Akkermans & C.C. Berg

Reference: Berg, C. C. & R. W. A. P. Akkermans, 1985: 383. 
Ecology: Native subshrub, treelet. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez et al. 7762 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sorocea ilicifolia Miq.



Sorocea ilicifolia Miq.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1233: 312. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   The collection cited in the Flora of Peru, Weberbauer 1853, was treated under S. klotzschiana Baillon by Burger et al. (1962: 460), and this name subsequently was listed as a synonym of S. guilleminiana Gaudichaud by Berg & Akkermans (1985: 381). 


$


 Sorocea klotzschiana Baill.


Sorocea klotzschiana Baill. = Sorocea guilleminiana Gaudich.

Reference: Burger, W. C., J. Lanjouw & J. G. Wessels Boer, 1962: 460; Berg, C. C. & R. W. A. P. Akkermans, 1985: 383. 


$


 Sorocea muriculata Miq.



Sorocea muriculata Miq.

$


 Sorocea muriculata Miq. subsp.muriculata



Sorocea muriculata Miq. subsp. muriculata 

Reference: Flora Peru: 1233: 312; Burger, W. C., J. Lanjouw & J. G. Wessels Boer, 1962: 436; Berg, C. C. & R. W. A. P. Akkermans, 1985: 387. 
Ecology: Native shrub, treelet. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: D&iacute;az & Jaramillo 43 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Sorocea opima J.F. Macbr.


Sorocea opima J.F. Macbr. = Sorocea hirtella Mildbr. subsp. hirtella 

Reference: FP 1233: 312; Burger, W. C., J. Lanjouw & J. G. Wessels Boer, 1962: 445; Berg, C. C. & R. W. A. P. Akkermans, 1985: 383. 
Note: Treated as a valid species by Spichiger et al. (1989: 84).  


$


 Sorocea pileata W.C. Burger



Sorocea pileata W.C. Burger

Reference: Burger, W. C., J. Lanjouw & J. G. Wessels Boer, 1962: 442; Berg, C. C. & R. W. A. P. Akkermans, 1985: 389. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: D&iacute;az 1747-95 (MO!)
Departments: Madre de Dios.


$


 Sorocea rhodorachis Cuatrec.


Sorocea rhodorachis Cuatrec. = Sorocea trophoides subsp. rhodorachis (Cuatrec.) C.C. Berg

Reference: Berg, C. C. & R. W. A. P. Akkermans, 1985: 389. 


$


 Sorocea sprucei (Baill.) J.F. Macbr.



Sorocea sprucei (Baill.) J.F. Macbr.

$


 Sorocea sprucei subsp.sprucei



Sorocea sprucei subsp. sprucei 

Synonyms: Sorocea sprucei sprucei Baill.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1233: 313; Burger, W. C., J. Lanjouw & J. G. Wessels Boer, 1962: 468; Berg, C. C. & R. W. A. P. Akkermans, 1985: 391. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean I: forests, riversides. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 4483* (P), Gentry & Smith 45008 (MO!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sorocea steinbachii C.C. Berg



Sorocea steinbachii C.C. Berg

Reference: Berg, C. C. & R. W. A. P. Akkermans, 1985: 385. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: seasonally inundated areas, terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Spichiger & Encarnaci&oacute;n 1052 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Sorocea trophoides subsp.rhodorachis (Cuatrec.) C.C. Berg



Sorocea trophoides subsp. rhodorachis (Cuatrec.) C.C. Berg

Synonyms: Sorocea trophoides rhodorachis Cuatrec.
Reference: Berg, C. C. & R. W. A. P. Akkermans, 1985: 389. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean I-II: forests. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 9630 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sorocea trophoides W.C. Burger



Sorocea trophoides W.C. Burger

$


 Sorocea ulei Warburg ex Ule, nom. nud.


Sorocea ulei Warburg ex Ule, nom. nud. = Sorocea hirtella Mildbr. subsp. hirtella 

Reference: FP 1233: 313; Burger, W. C., J. Lanjouw & J. G. Wessels Boer, 1962: 443. 


$


 Souroubea corallina (Martius) de Roon



Souroubea corallina (Martius) de Roon

Synonyms: Souroubea corallina (Martius) Wittmack, Souroubea corallina Martius
Reference: De Roon, A. C., 1975: 171. 
Ecology: Native liana, shrub, treelet. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests on white sand, riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Davidson & Revilla 5381 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Souroubea crassipes var. didyma Poepp. ex Wittm.


Souroubea crassipes var. didyma Poepp. ex Wittm. = Souroubea didyma (Poepp. ex Wittm.) Gilg

Reference: FP 1309: 709; De Roon, A. C., 1975: 168. 


$


 Souroubea crassipetala de Roon



Souroubea crassipetala de Roon

Reference: De Roon, A. C., 1975: 177. 
Ecology: Native hemiepiphyte, liana. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Tessmann 4560 (NY)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Souroubea dasystachya Gilg & Werderm.



Souroubea dasystachya Gilg & Werderm.

Reference: De Roon, A. C., 1975: 162. 
Ecology: Native hemiepiphyte, shrub. Amazonian: forests, riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 3395 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Souroubea didyma (Poepp. ex Wittm.) Gilg



Souroubea didyma (Poepp. ex Wittm.) Gilg

Synonyms: Souroubea didyma Gilg, Souroubea didyma Poepp. ex Wittm.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1309: 709; De Roon, A. C., 1975: 168. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: forests, shrublands. 1500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 9719* (W photo F!), Kanehira 193 (GH)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto.


$


 Souroubea fragilis de Roon



Souroubea fragilis de Roon

Reference: De Roon, A. C., 1975: 169. 
Ecology: Native liana, shrub. Andean I-II: forests. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 7342 (US)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Souroubea guianensis Aubl.



Souroubea guianensis Aubl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1309: 710; De Roon, A. C., 1975: 178. 
Note: Not known from Peru. Name misapplied in the Flora of Peru.  


$


 Souroubea guianensis var. corallina (Martius) Wittmack


Souroubea guianensis var. corallina (Martius) Wittmack = Souroubea corallina (Martius) de Roon

Reference: De Roon, A. C., 1975: 171. 


$


 Souroubea pachyphylla Gilg



Souroubea pachyphylla Gilg

Reference: Flora Peru: 1309: 710; De Roon, A. C., 1975: 168. 
Ecology: Endemic liana, shrub. Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 4469* (W), Woytkowski 6388 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Souroubea peruviana Gilg



Souroubea peruviana Gilg

Reference: De Roon, A. C., 1975: 185. 
Ecology: Endemic liana. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests, riversides. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 1236* (W), Mexia 8310 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Souroubea stichadenia de Roon



Souroubea stichadenia de Roon

Reference: De Roon, A. C., 1975: 176. 
Ecology: Native liana. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Lechler 2659 (G)
Departments: Puno.


$


 Souroubea suaveolens Gilg


Souroubea suaveolens Gilg = Souroubea didyma (Poepp. ex Wittm.) Gilg

Reference: FP 1309: 711; De Roon, A. C., 1975: 169. 


$


 Souroubea sympetala Gilg



Souroubea sympetala Gilg

Reference: De Roon, A. C., 1975: 173. 
Ecology: Native hemiepiphyte, liana, shrub, vine. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Sandeman 3704 (K)
Departments: Cuzco, Pasco.


$


 Spachea tricarpa A. Juss.



Spachea tricarpa A. Juss.

Synonyms: Spachea tricarpa C. Martius ex Grisebach
Reference: Flora Peru: 665: 850; Cuatrecasas, J., 1958: 546. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: riversides, seasonally inundated areas, terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ayala 884 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Spananthe angulosa Turcz.


Spananthe angulosa Turcz. = Spananthe paniculata var. paniculata 

Reference: FP 1293: 95; Mathias, M. E. & L. Constance, 1976: 36. 


$


 Spananthe paniculata Jacq.



Spananthe paniculata Jacq.

$


 Spananthe paniculata var.paniculata



Spananthe paniculata var. paniculata 

Synonyms: Spananthe paniculata paniculata Moench, Spananthe paniculata paniculata Turcz., Spananthe paniculata paniculata Vela ex Lag., Spananthe paniculata paniculata Willd.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1293: 95; Mathias, M. E. & L. Constance, 1976: 36. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II, Coastal: disturbed areas, forests. 500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Barbour 4265 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Lambayeque, La Libertad.


$


 Spananthe paniculata var.peruviana H. Wolff



Spananthe paniculata var. peruviana H. Wolff

Reference: Flora Peru: 1293: 96. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean I-II, Coastal: lomas, rocky slopes. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 1589* & 3851* (B destroyed), Mexia 4049 (MO!)
Departments: Arequipa, Ica, Lima.


$


 Spananthe setosa Moench


Spananthe setosa Moench = Spananthe paniculata var. paniculata 

Reference: FP 1293: 95; Mathias, M. E. & L. Constance, 1976: 36. 


$


 Spananthe sinuata Spreng.


Spananthe sinuata Spreng. = Hydrocotyle acutifolia Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1293: 64; Mathias, M. E., 1936: 222; Mathias, M. E. & L. Constance, 1976: 22. 


$


 Sparattanthelium acreanum Pilg.



Sparattanthelium acreanum Pilg.

Reference: Flora Peru: 611: 932; Kubitzki, K., 1969: 204. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 19565 (MO!)
Departments: Madre de Dios.


$


 Sparattanthelium amazonum Mart.



Sparattanthelium amazonum Mart.

Reference: Flora Peru: 611: 932; Burger, W., 1990: 134. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   This name as used in the Flora of Peru is actuallly S. glabrum (Kubitzki, 1969).  


$


 Sparattanthelium atrum Pilg.


Sparattanthelium atrum Pilg. = Sparattanthelium glabrum Rusby

Reference: FP 611: 932; Kubitzki, K., 1969: 198. 


$


 Sparattanthelium glabrum Rusby



Sparattanthelium glabrum Rusby

Synonyms: Sparattanthelium glabrum Pilg.
Reference: Kubitzki, K., 1969: 200. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 2539 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sparattanthelium sprucei Rusby


Sparattanthelium sprucei Rusby = Sparattanthelium tarapotanum Meisn.

Reference: FP 611: 933; Kubitzki, K., 1969: 198. 


$


 Sparattanthelium tarapotanum Meisn.



Sparattanthelium tarapotanum Meisn.

Synonyms: Sparattanthelium tarapotanum Rusby
Reference: Flora Peru: 611: 933; Kubitzki, K., 1969: 198. 
Ecology: Endemic liana. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 4222* (K), Klug 4233 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sparattosperma leucanthum (Vell.) Schumann



Sparattosperma leucanthum (Vell.) Schumann

Synonyms: Sparattosperma leucanthum (Chamisso) Bureau & K. Schum., Sparattosperma leucanthum C. Mart. ex DC., Sparattosperma leucanthum Cham., Sparattosperma leucanthum Vell.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1362: 91; Gentry, A. H., 1992: 116. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II: terra firme forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry & Revilla 16323 (AMAZ!, MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Sparganophorus americanum Poir.


Sparganophorus americanum Poir. = Struchium sparganophorum (L.) Kuntze

Reference: FP 1416: 60. 


$


 Sparganophorus fasciatus Poir.


Sparganophorus fasciatus Poir. = Struchium sparganophorum (L.) Kuntze

Reference: FP 1416: 62. 


$


 Sparganophorus struchium Poir.


Sparganophorus struchium Poir. = Struchium sparganophorum (L.) Kuntze

Reference: FP 1416: 60. 


$


 Sparrea schippii (Standl.) Hunz. & Dottori


Sparrea schippii (Standl.) Hunz. & Dottori = Celtis schippii Standl.

$


 Spartium junceum L.



Spartium junceum L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 459; Duke, J. A., 1981: 219; Marticorena, C. & M. Quezada, 1985: 60. 
Ecology: Introduced shrub. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, riversides, rocky slopes. 1500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Brunel 55 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima.


$


 Spathantheum orbignyanum Schott



Spathantheum orbignyanum Schott

$


 Spathelia terminalioides A.H. Gentry



Spathelia terminalioides A.H. Gentry

Reference: Gentry, A. H., 1992: 335. 
Ecology: Endemic . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Gentry et al. 31715* (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Spathicalyx duckei (A. Samp.) A.H. Gentry



Spathicalyx duckei (A. Samp.) A.H. Gentry

Synonyms: Spathicalyx duckei A. Samp.


$


 Spathicalyx xanthophylla (A. DC.) A.H. Gentry



Spathicalyx xanthophylla (A. DC.) A.H. Gentry

Synonyms: Spathicalyx xanthophylla (A. DC.) Bureau & K. Schum., Spathicalyx xanthophylla (A. DC.) J.F. Macbr., Spathicalyx xanthophylla A. DC., Spathicalyx xanthophylla C. Mart. ex DC.
Reference: Gentry, A. H., 1977: 136. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian, Andean I: terra firme forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 18587 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Spathiger ramosus (Jacq.) Britton


Spathiger ramosus (Jacq.) Britton = Epidendrum ramosum Jacq.

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Spathiger rigidus (Jacq.) Small


Spathiger rigidus (Jacq.) Small = Epidendrum rigidum Jacq.

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Spathiger strobiliferus (Reichenbach f.) Small


Spathiger strobiliferus (Reichenbach f.) Small = Epidendrum strobiliferum Rchb. f.

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Spathiphyllum cannaefolium (Dryander) Schott



Spathiphyllum cannaefolium (Dryander) Schott

Synonyms: Spathiphyllum cannaefolium Dryander
Reference: Flora Peru: 853: 439; Bunting, G., 1960: 12; Croat, T. B. & N. Lambert, 1986: 169. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Foster & d'Achille 10006 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, Pasco.


$


 Spathiphyllum caudatum (Schott) Poepp.


Spathiphyllum caudatum (Schott) Poepp. = Urospatha caudata (Poepp.) Schott

Reference: FP 853: 441; Bunting, G., 1960: 50. 


$


 Spathiphyllum gracile Bunting



Spathiphyllum gracile Bunting

Reference: Bunting, G., 1960: 32. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Tessmann 4837* (NY)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto.


$


 Spathiphyllum huberi Engl.


Spathiphyllum huberi Engl. = Spathiphyllum humboldtii Schott

Reference: FP 853: 439; Bunting, G., 1960: 33. 


$


 Spathiphyllum humboldtii Schott



Spathiphyllum humboldtii Schott

Synonyms: Spathiphyllum humboldtii Engl.
Reference: Bunting, G., 1960: 33; Croat, T. B. & N. Lambert, 1986: 169. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Huber MG-1403 (MG)
Departments: Loreto, Pasco.


$


 Spathiphyllum juninense K. Krause



Spathiphyllum juninense K. Krause

Reference: Flora Peru: 853: 439; Bunting, G., 1960: 27. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 26157* (US!), Smith 3844 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Spathiphyllum lechlerianum Schott



Spathiphyllum lechlerianum Schott

Reference: Flora Peru: 853: 439; Bunting, G., 1960: 22. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Lechler 2338* (K), Schunke 7514 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Spathiphyllum minor Bunting



Spathiphyllum minor Bunting

Reference: Bunting, G., 1960: 31. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 26153* (US), Wurdack 2391 (F!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Loreto.


$


 Spathiphyllum quindiuense Engl.



Spathiphyllum quindiuense Engl.

Reference: Bunting, G., 1960: 169. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 25647 (F!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Spathiphyllum tenerum Engl.



Spathiphyllum tenerum Engl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 853: 440; Bunting, G., 1960: 31. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean I: riversides. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Ule 6851* (B), Schunke 3619 (F!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv.



Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv.

Reference: Gentry, A. H., 1992: 119. 
Ecology: Introduced tree. . 
Voucher: Dillon 2653 (MO!)


$


 Spathodea corymbosa Vent.


Spathodea corymbosa Vent. = Phryganocydia corymbosa (Vent.) Baill.

Reference: FP 1362: 63; Gentry, A. H., 1982: 297. 


$


 Spathodea flaviflora Miq.


Spathodea flaviflora Miq. = Memora flaviflora (Miq.) Pulle

Reference: Gentry, A. H., 1982: 270. 


$


 Spathodea lithontripticum C. Mart. ex DC.


Spathodea lithontripticum C. Mart. ex DC. = Sparattosperma leucanthum (Vell.) Schumann

Reference: FP 1362: 91. 


$


 Spathodea obovata Kunth


Spathodea obovata Kunth = Martinella obovata (Kunth) Bureau & K. Schum.

Reference: FP 1362: 42; Gentry, A. H., 1982: 249. 


$


 Spathodea schomburgkii A. DC.


Spathodea schomburgkii A. DC. = Memora schomburgkii (A. DC.) Miers

Reference: FP 1362: 68. 
Note: NN  


$


 Spathodea vernicosa Cham.


Spathodea vernicosa Cham. = Sparattosperma leucanthum (Vell.) Schumann

Reference: FP 1362: 91; Gentry, A. H., 1992: 116. 


$


 Spathodea vernicosum (Chamisso) Bureau & K. Schum.


Spathodea vernicosum (Chamisso) Bureau & K. Schum. = Sparattosperma leucanthum (Vell.) Schumann

Reference: FP 1362: 91. 


$


 Spathularia longifolia St. Hilaire


Spathularia longifolia St. Hilaire = Amphirrhox longifolia (St. Hilaire) Sprengel

Reference: Smith, L. B. & A. Fern&aacute;ndez-Perez, 1954: 120. 


$


 Specklinia atropurpurea Lindl.


Specklinia atropurpurea Lindl. = Zootrophion atropurpureum (Lindl.) Luer

Reference: Luer, C. A., 1982: 80; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Specklinia ciliaris Lindl.


Specklinia ciliaris Lindl. = Trichosalpinx ciliaris (Lindl.) Luer

Reference: FP 1467: 285; Luer, C. A., 1983: 395; Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Specklinia dichotoma Poepp. & Endl.


Specklinia dichotoma Poepp. & Endl. = Pleurothallis dichotoma (Poeppig & Endlicher) Schltr.

Reference: FP 1467: 293; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Specklinia flexuosa Poepp. & Endl.


Specklinia flexuosa Poepp. & Endl. = Pleurothallis flexuosa (Poepp. & Endl.) Lindl.

Reference: FP 1467: 302; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Specklinia graminea Poepp. & Endl.


Specklinia graminea Poepp. & Endl. = Sigmatostalix graminea (Poepp. & Endl.) Rchb. f.

Reference: FP 1484: 920; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Specklinia linearis Lindl.


Specklinia linearis Lindl. = Pleurothallis linearis (Lindl.) Lindl.

Reference: FP 1467: 315; Luer, pers. comm.. 
Note: NN  


$


 Specklinia miqueliana Focke


Specklinia miqueliana Focke = Pleurothallis miqueliana (Focke) Lindl.

Reference: FP 1510: 27; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Specklinia obovata Lindl.


Specklinia obovata Lindl. = Pleurothallis obovata (Lindl.) Lindl.

Reference: FP 1467: 321; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Specklinia orbicularis Lindl.


Specklinia orbicularis Lindl. = Trichosalpinx orbicularis (Lindl.) Luer

Reference: Luer, C. A., 1983: 396; Christenson, pers. comm.; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Specklinia plantaginea Poepp. & Endl.


Specklinia plantaginea Poepp. & Endl. = Masdevallia plantaginea (Poepp. & Endl.) Cogn.

Reference: FP 1438: 242; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Specklinia pusilla (Kunth) Lindl.


Specklinia pusilla (Kunth) Lindl. = Trichosalpinx pusilla (Kunth) Luer

Reference: FP 1467: 327; Luer, pers. comm.. 


$


 Specularia biflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Fischer & Meyer


Specularia biflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Fischer & Meyer = Triodanis biflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Greene

Reference: FP 1381: 385; McVaugh, R., 1945: 31; Jeppesen, S., 1981: 4. 


$


 Specularia ovata (Nutt.) Vatke


Specularia ovata (Nutt.) Vatke = Triodanis biflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Greene

Reference: Jeppesen, S., 1981: 4. 


$


 Specularia perfoliata (L.) A. DC.



Specularia perfoliata (L.) A. DC.

Reference: McVaugh, R., 1945: 31; Jeppesen, S., 1981: 5. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Specularia perfoliata fo. ramosa Arechav.


Specularia perfoliata fo. ramosa Arechav. = Triodanis biflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Greene

Reference: McVaugh, R., 1945: 31; Jeppesen, S., 1981: 4. 


$


 Specularia perfoliata fo. rigida Arechav.


Specularia perfoliata fo. rigida Arechav. = Triodanis biflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Greene

Reference: McVaugh, R., 1945: 31; Jeppesen, S., 1981: 4. 


$


 Spennera acuminifolia DC.


Spennera acuminifolia DC. = Aciotis acuminifolia (DC.) Triana

$


 Spennera annua Mart. ex DC.


Spennera annua Mart. ex DC. = Aciotis annua (Mart. ex DC.) Triana

Reference: Wurdack, J. J., 1973: 155. 


$


 Spennera brachybotrya DC.


Spennera brachybotrya DC. = Aciotis brachybotrya (Martius ex A. P. de Candolle) Triana

Reference: FP 761: 296. 


$


 Spennera caulialata (Ruiz & Pav.) Naudin


Spennera caulialata (Ruiz & Pav.) Naudin = Aciotis caulialata (Ruiz & Pav.) Triana

Reference: FP 761: 296. 


$


 Spennera chaetodon DC.


Spennera chaetodon DC. = Leandra chaetodon (DC.) Cogn.

Reference: FP 761: 334; Wurdack, J. J., 1980: 331. 


$


 Spennera dichotoma Benth.


Spennera dichotoma Benth. = Aciotis dichotoma (Benth.) Cogn.

Reference: FP 761: 297; Wurdack, J. J., 1973: 159. 


$


 Spennera dysophylla Benth.


Spennera dysophylla Benth. = Aciotis annua (Mart. ex DC.) Triana

Reference: FP 761: 297; Wurdack, J. J., 1973: 155. 


$


 Spennera laxa Richard ex DC.


Spennera laxa Richard ex DC. = Aciotis laxa Richard ex Cogn.

Reference: FP 761: 297. 


$


 Spennera longifolia Mart. ex DC.


Spennera longifolia Mart. ex DC. = Aciotis longifolia (Martius ex A. P. de Candolle) Triana

Reference: FP 761: 298. 


$


 Spennera panicularis Naudin


Spennera panicularis Naudin = Aciotis caulialata (Ruiz & Pav.) Triana

Reference: FP 761: 296. 


$


 Spennera rubricaulis Mart. ex DC.


Spennera rubricaulis Mart. ex DC. = Aciotis rubricaulis (Martius ex A. P. de Candolle) Triana

Reference: FP 761: 299. 


$


 Spennera sphaeranthera Naudin


Spennera sphaeranthera Naudin = Aciotis sphaeranthera (Naud.) Cogn.

Reference: FP 761: 299. 


$


 Spennera viscosa Naudin


Spennera viscosa Naudin = Aciotis viscosa (Naudin) Triana

Reference: Mathies, P. S., 1981: 137. 


$


 Spergula arvensis L.



Spergula arvensis L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1267: 628. 
Ecology: Introduced herb, subshrub. Andean I-III, Coastal: disturbed areas, grasslands, shrublands. 0-4000 m. 
Voucher: Mostacero et al. 1257 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, La Libertad.


$


 Spergula grandis Pers.


Spergula grandis Pers. = Spergularia grandis (Pers.) Cambessedes

Reference: FP 1267: 631; Rossbach, R. P., 1940: 203. 
Note: NN  


$


 Spergula villosa Pers.


Spergula villosa Pers. = Spergularia villosa (Pers.) Cambessedes

Reference: FP 1267: 633; Rossbach, R. P., 1940: 173. 


$


 Spergularia andina Rohrb.



Spergularia andina Rohrb.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1267: 629; Rossbach, R. P., 1940: 160. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: disturbed areas. 2500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Lechler 1772* (K), N&uacute;&ntilde;ez et al. 7831 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Puno.


$


 Spergularia campestris (L.) Aschers.



Spergularia campestris (L.) Aschers.

Synonyms: Spergularia campestris L.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1267: 630; Rossbach, R. P., 1940: 106. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Spergularia collina I.M. Johnst.



Spergularia collina I.M. Johnst.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1267: 630; Rossbach, R. P., 1940: 179. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Coastal: lomas. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Johnston 3568* (GH), Dillon & Dillon 3845 (MO!)
Departments: Arequipa.


$


 Spergularia congestifolia I.M. Johnst.



Spergularia congestifolia I.M. Johnst.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1267: 630; Rossbach, R. P., 1940: 140. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Coastal: lomas. 0-1000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Johnston 3567* (GH), Dillon et al. 4836 (MO!)
Departments: Arequipa.


$


 Spergularia fasiculata Phil.



Spergularia fasiculata Phil.

Synonyms: Spergularia fasiculata (Hieron.) I.M. Johnst., Spergularia fasiculata Baehni & J. F. Macbride, Spergularia fasiculata Hieron.
Reference: Rossbach, R. P., 1940: 158. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II, Coastal: lomas. 0-3500 m. 
Voucher: Dillon & Dillon 3655 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Ica, Lima, La Libertad, Moquegua, Tacna.


$


 Spergularia grandis (Pers.) Cambessedes



Spergularia grandis (Pers.) Cambessedes

Synonyms: Spergularia grandis Pers., Spergularia grandis Presl
Reference: Flora Peru: 1267: 631; Rossbach, R. P., 1940: 203. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Spergularia laciniata Baehni & J. F. Macbride


Spergularia laciniata Baehni & J. F. Macbride = Spergularia fasiculata Phil.

Reference: FP 1267: 631; Rossbach, R. P., 1940: 159. 


$


 Spergularia macrocarpa Presl


Spergularia macrocarpa Presl = Spergularia grandis (Pers.) Cambessedes

Reference: FP 1267: 631; Rossbach, R. P., 1940: 203. 
Note: NN  


$


 Spergularia macrotheca (Hoernem. ex Chamisso & Schlechtendal) Heynhold



Spergularia macrotheca (Hoernem. ex Chamisso & Schlechtendal) Heynhold

Synonyms: Spergularia macrotheca Hoernem. ex Chamisso & Schlechtendal
Reference: Flora Peru: 1267: 631; Rossbach, R. P., 1940: 70. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Spergularia media (L.) Griseb.



Spergularia media (L.) Griseb.

Synonyms: Spergularia media L.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1267: 632. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   The collection cited in the Flora of Peru (Weberbauer 2751) was redetermined by Rossbach (1940b: 118) as S. fasciculata. 


$


 Spergularia salina J. Presl & C. Presl


Spergularia salina J. Presl & C. Presl = Spergularia villosa (Pers.) Cambessedes

Reference: FP 1267: 632; Rossbach, R. P., 1940: 177. 


$


 Spergularia squarrosa Muschl.



Spergularia squarrosa Muschl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1267: 632; Rossbach, R. P., 1940: 211. 
Note: Rossbach (1940d) indicated that the type collection (Weberbauer 57) represented a species of Drymaria; Duke (1961) does not treat this name nor cite the collection. 


$


 Spergularia stenocarpa (Philippi) I.M. Johnst.



Spergularia stenocarpa (Philippi) I.M. Johnst.

Synonyms: Spergularia stenocarpa Philippi
Reference: Flora Peru: 1267: 632; Rossbach, R. P., 1940: 166. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Spergularia stuebelii (Hieron.) I.M. Johnst.


Spergularia stuebelii (Hieron.) I.M. Johnst. = Spergularia fasiculata Phil.

Reference: FP 1267: 633; Rossbach, R. P., 1940: 158. 


$


 Spergularia villosa (Pers.) Cambessedes



Spergularia villosa (Pers.) Cambessedes

Synonyms: Spergularia villosa J. Presl & C. Presl, Spergularia villosa Pers.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1267: 633; Rossbach, R. P., 1940: 172; Cano, A. & N. Valencia, 1991: 60. 
Ecology. 2000-3000 m. 
Departments: Lima.


$


 Spergulastrum lanuginosum Michx.


Spergulastrum lanuginosum Michx. = Arenaria lanuginosa subsp. lanuginosa 

Reference: FP 1267: 600; Duke, J. A., 1961: 92. 


$


 Spermacoce alata Aubl.


Spermacoce alata Aubl. = Borreria alata (Aubl.) DC.

Reference: FP 1365: 250; Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 1931. 


$


 Spermacoce assurgens Ruiz & Pav.


Spermacoce assurgens Ruiz & Pav. = Borreria assurgens (Ruiz & Pav.) Griseb.

Reference: FP 1365: 251; Verdcourt, B., 1983: 547. 


$


 Spermacoce capitata Ruiz & Pav.


Spermacoce capitata Ruiz & Pav. = Borreria capitata fo. capitata 

Reference: FP 1365: 250. 


$


 Spermacoce confusa Rendle


Spermacoce confusa Rendle = Spermacoce confusa Rendle ex Gillis

Reference: FP 1365: 249. 
Note: nom. nud.  


$


 Spermacoce confusa Rendle ex Gillis



Spermacoce confusa Rendle ex Gillis

Synonyms: Spermacoce confusa Rendle
Reference: Gillis, W. T., 1974: 185. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Amazonian, Andean I-II: riversides, rocky slopes, shrublands. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Stork et al. 10569 (F!)
Departments: Amazonas, Apur&iacute;mac, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto.


$


 Spermacoce corymbosa Ruiz & Pav.


Spermacoce corymbosa Ruiz & Pav. = Galianthe corymbosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Cabral

Reference: FP 1365: 250; Cabral, E. L., 1991: 241. 


$


 Spermacoce dichotoma Kunth


Spermacoce dichotoma Kunth = Diodia dichotoma (Kunth) Schum.

Reference: FP 1365: 246; Standley, P. C., 1931: 244. 


$


 Spermacoce erioclada var.erioclada



Spermacoce erioclada var. erioclada 

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 253. 
Note: A doubtful taxon described from Peru.  Perhaps it is a Borreria.  Type information not located. 


$


 Spermacoce erioclada var.linearifolia DC.



Spermacoce erioclada var. linearifolia DC.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 253. 
Note: A doubtful taxon described from Peru. Perhaps it is a Borreria. Type information not located. 


$


 Spermacoce ferruginea A. St. Hilaire


Spermacoce ferruginea A. St. Hilaire = Borreria capitata fo. ferruginea (A. St. Hilaire) Steyerm.

Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 822. 


$


 Spermacoce frigida Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.


Spermacoce frigida Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. = Mitracarpus frigidus var. frigidus 

Reference: FP 1365: 243; Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 778. 
Note: NN  


$


 Spermacoce glabra Michx.



Spermacoce glabra Michx.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 248. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   As used for the Flora of Peru, equal to S. tenuior. 


$


 Spermacoce hirta L.



Spermacoce hirta L.

Synonyms: Spermacoce hirta (L.) DC.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 243; Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 782. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   This is actually a species of Borreria, related to Borreria laevis; the name was misapplied in the Flora of Peru (Steyermark, 1972). 


$


 Spermacoce hyssopifolia Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.


Spermacoce hyssopifolia Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. = Diodia hyssopifolia var. hyssopifolia 

Reference: FP 1365: 247; Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 794. 


$


 Spermacoce inconspicua Bartl. ex DC.



Spermacoce inconspicua Bartl. ex DC.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 253. 
Note: A doubtful species described from Peru. 


$


 Spermacoce laevis Lam.


Spermacoce laevis Lam. = Spermacoce tenuior L.

Reference: FP 1365: 251; Verdcourt, B., 1983: 545. 


$


 Spermacoce latifolia Aubl.


Spermacoce latifolia Aubl. = Borreria latifolia (Aubl.) K. Schum.

Reference: FP 1365: 252; Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 1926. 


$


 Spermacoce mauritiana Gideon


Spermacoce mauritiana Gideon = Borreria repens DC.

Reference: Verdcourt, B., 1983: 547. 


$


 Spermacoce ocymifolia Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.


Spermacoce ocymifolia Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. = Hemidiodia ocimifolia (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) K. Schum.

Reference: FP 1365: 248; Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 791. 


$


 Spermacoce ocymoides Burman f.


Spermacoce ocymoides Burman f. = Borreria ocymoides (Burman f.) DC.

Reference: FP 1365: 252; Verdcourt, B., 1983: 547. 
Note: NN  


$


 Spermacoce peruviana Pers.


Spermacoce peruviana Pers. = Galianthe corymbosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Cabral

Reference: FP 1365: 250; Cabral, E. L., 1991: 241. 


$


 Spermacoce repens (DC.) Fosberg & Powell


Spermacoce repens (DC.) Fosberg & Powell = Borreria repens DC.

Reference: Fosberg, F. R. & M. H. Sachet, 1980: 30. 


$


 Spermacoce scaberrima Bartl. ex DC.


Spermacoce scaberrima Bartl. ex DC. = Spermacoce erioclada DC.

Reference: FP 1365: 253. 


$


 Spermacoce tenella Kunth


Spermacoce tenella Kunth = Borreria capitata var. tenella (Kunth) Steyerm.

Reference: FP 1365: 253; Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 823. 


$


 Spermacoce tenuior L.



Spermacoce tenuior L.

Synonyms: Spermacoce tenuior (Lam.) Griseb., Spermacoce tenuior Lam.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 249; Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 1916. 
Ecology: Native herb. Coastal: dry valleys. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 5987 (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Lima, Piura.


$


 Spermacoce villosa Sw.


Spermacoce villosa Sw. = Mitracarpus villosus (Sw.) Cham. & Schltdl.

Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 1846. 


$


 Sphacele codon (Epling) J.F. Macbr.


Sphacele codon (Epling) J.F. Macbr. = Lepechinia codon Epling

Reference: FP 1287: 764. 


$


 Sphacele conferta Benth.


Sphacele conferta Benth. = Lepechinia conferta (Benth.) Epling

Reference: FP 1287: 765; Hart, J. A., 1983: 262. 
Note: NN  


$


 Sphacele cordifolia Benth.


Sphacele cordifolia Benth. = Lepechinia radula (Benth.) Epling

Reference: FP 1287: 768; Hart, J. A., 1983: 267. 


$


 Sphacele floribunda Benth.


Sphacele floribunda Benth. = Lepechinia floribunda (Benth.) Epling

Reference: FP 1287: 765; Hart, J. A., 1983: 221. 


$


 Sphacele heteromorpha Briq.


Sphacele heteromorpha Briq. = Lepechinia heteromorpha (Briq.) Epling

Reference: FP 1287: 765; Hart, J. A., 1983: 255. 


$


 Sphacele lamiifolia Benth.


Sphacele lamiifolia Benth. = Lepechinia lamiifolia (Bentham) Epling

Reference: FP 1287: 766; Hart, J. A., 1983: 218. 


$


 Sphacele meyenii (Walpers) J.F. Macbr.


Sphacele meyenii (Walpers) J.F. Macbr. = Lepechinia meyenii (Walpers) Epling

Reference: FP 1287: 767; Hart, J. A., 1983: 190. 


$


 Sphacele mollis Epling


Sphacele mollis Epling = Lepechinia mollis Epling

Reference: FP 1287: 767; Hart, J. A., 1983: 285. 


$


 Sphacele radula Benth.


Sphacele radula Benth. = Lepechinia radula (Benth.) Epling

Reference: FP 1287: 768; Hart, J. A., 1983: 267. 


$


 Sphacele tomentosa Benth.


Sphacele tomentosa Benth. = Lepechinia tomentosa (Bentham) Epling

Reference: FP 1287: 769; Hart, J. A., 1983: 187. 


$


 Sphacele vesciculosa (Bentham) J.F. Macbr.


Sphacele vesciculosa (Bentham) J.F. Macbr. = Lepechinia vesciculosa (Benth.) Epling

Reference: FP 1287: 769; Hart, J. A., 1983: 244. 


$


 Sphaeradenia angustifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Harling



Sphaeradenia angustifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Harling

Synonyms: Sphaeradenia angustifolia (Ruiz & Pavon) Pers., Sphaeradenia angustifolia Ruiz & Pav., Sphaeradenia angustifolia Will.
Reference: Harling, G., 1958: 346. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: disturbed areas. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (G), Smith & Canne 5899 (MO!)
Departments: Pasco.


$


 Sphaeradenia rhodocephala (Harling) Harling



Sphaeradenia rhodocephala (Harling) Harling

Synonyms: Sphaeradenia rhodocephala Harling
Reference: Harling, G., 1958: 391. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Andean I: forests. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Allard 20813 (US!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Sphaeradenia steyermarkii (Harling) Harling



Sphaeradenia steyermarkii (Harling) Harling

Synonyms: Sphaeradenia steyermarkii Harling
Reference: Harling, G., 1958: 371. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: forests. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Young 4102 (MO!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sphaeralcea arequipensis (Ulbr.) Krapovickas


Sphaeralcea arequipensis (Ulbr.) Krapovickas = Urocarpidium albiflorum Ulbrich

Reference: FP 1302: 506. 


$


 Sphaeralcea hornschuchiana (Walpers) E.G. Baker


Sphaeralcea hornschuchiana (Walpers) E.G. Baker = Tarasa hornschuchiana (Walpers) Krapovickas

Reference: FP 1302: 519. 


$


 Sphaeralcea mandonii Baker f.


Sphaeralcea mandonii Baker f. = Tarasa mandonii (Baker f. ) Kearney

Reference: FP 1302: 520; Hill, S. R., 1982: 393. 


$


 Sphaeralcea sandemanii (Sandwith) J.F. Macbr.


Sphaeralcea sandemanii (Sandwith) J.F. Macbr. = Modiolastrum sandemannii (Sandwith) Hill & Fryxell

Reference: FP 1302: 507; Hill, S. R. & P. A. Fryxell, 1980: 484. 


$


 Sphaeralcea scoparia (L'Heritier) Tidestrom


Sphaeralcea scoparia (L'Heritier) Tidestrom = Malvastrum tomentosum (L.) S.R. Hill subsp. tomentosum 

Reference: Hill, S. R., 1982: 211; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 72. 


$


 Sphaeralcea weberbaueri Krapovickas


Sphaeralcea weberbaueri Krapovickas = Urocarpidium albiflorum Ulbrich

Reference: FP 1302: 506. 


$


 Sphaerine brevis Herbert


Sphaerine brevis Herbert = Bomarea brevis (Herbert) Baker

Reference: FP 1190: 646. 


$


 Sphaerine coccinea (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) Herbert


Sphaerine coccinea (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) Herbert = Bomarea coccinea (Ruiz & Pav.) Baker

Reference: FP 1190: 646. 


$


 Sphaerine distichophylla (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) Herbert


Sphaerine distichophylla (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) Herbert = Bomarea distichifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Baker

Reference: FP 1190: 646. 


$


 Sphaerine nervosa Herbert


Sphaerine nervosa Herbert = Bomarea nervosa (Herbert) Baker

Reference: FP 1190: 645. 


$


 Sphaerine secundifolia (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) Herbert


Sphaerine secundifolia (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) Herbert = Bomarea secundifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Baker

Reference: FP 1190: 645. 


$


 Sphaerocionium adiantoides (Bosch) Pic. Serm.


Sphaerocionium adiantoides (Bosch) Pic. Serm. = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 66. 


$


 Sphaerocionium ciliatum (Sw.) C. Presl


Sphaerocionium ciliatum (Sw.) C. Presl = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 67. 


$


 Sphaerocionium elegans (Spreng.) Copel.


Sphaerocionium elegans (Spreng.) Copel. = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 66. 


$


 Sphaerocionium elegantulum (Bosch) Copel.


Sphaerocionium elegantulum (Bosch) Copel. = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 70. 


$


 Sphaerocionium fragile (Hedw.) Pic. Serm.


Sphaerocionium fragile (Hedw.) Pic. Serm. = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 69. 


$


 Sphaerocionium hirsutum (L.) C. Presl


Sphaerocionium hirsutum (L.) C. Presl = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 67. 


$


 Sphaerocionium interruptum (Kunze) C. Presl


Sphaerocionium interruptum (Kunze) C. Presl = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 72. 


$


 Sphaerocionium karstenianum (J.W. Sturm) Pic. Serm.


Sphaerocionium karstenianum (J.W. Sturm) Pic. Serm. = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 71. 


$


 Sphaerocionium lindenii (Hook.) Vareschi


Sphaerocionium lindenii (Hook.) Vareschi = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 71. 


$


 Sphaerocionium lobatoalatum (Klotzsch) Pic. Serm.


Sphaerocionium lobatoalatum (Klotzsch) Pic. Serm. = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 74. 


$


 Sphaerocionium microcarpum (Desv.) Copel.


Sphaerocionium microcarpum (Desv.) Copel. = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 68. 


$


 Sphaerocionium molle (C.V. Morton) Pic. Serm.


Sphaerocionium molle (C.V. Morton) Pic. Serm. = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 65. 


$


 Sphaerocionium nigricans Presl ex Klotzsch


Sphaerocionium nigricans Presl ex Klotzsch = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 63. 


$


 Sphaerocionium plumieri (Hook. & Grev.) C. Presl


Sphaerocionium plumieri (Hook. & Grev.) C. Presl = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 72. 


$


 Sphaerocionium plumosum (Kaulf.) Copel.


Sphaerocionium plumosum (Kaulf.) Copel. = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 72. 


$


 Sphaerocionium pyramidatum (Desv.) Copel.


Sphaerocionium pyramidatum (Desv.) Copel. = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 74. 


$


 Sphaerocionium ruizianum Klotzsch


Sphaerocionium ruizianum Klotzsch = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 69. 


$


 Sphaerocionium spectabile (Mett.) Copel.


Sphaerocionium spectabile (Mett.) Copel. = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 71. 


$


 Sphaerocionium tenerrimum (Bosch) Pic. Serm.


Sphaerocionium tenerrimum (Bosch) Pic. Serm. = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 66. 


$


 Sphaerocionium tomentosum (Kunze) C. Presl


Sphaerocionium tomentosum (Kunze) C. Presl = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 73. 


$


 Sphaerocionium trichophyllum (Kunth) Copel.


Sphaerocionium trichophyllum (Kunth) Copel. = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 65. 


$


 Sphaerocionium valvatum (Hook. & Grev.) Copel.


Sphaerocionium valvatum (Hook. & Grev.) Copel. = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 68. 


$


 Sphaeropteris atahuallpa R.M. Tryon



Sphaeropteris atahuallpa R.M. Tryon

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 115. 
Ecology: Native Solitary, globular cactus. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Wurdack 1153 (US)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Sphaeropteris aterrima (Hook.) R.M. Tryon



Sphaeropteris aterrima (Hook.) R.M. Tryon

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 114. 
Ecology. . 
Voucher: Stubel 1113 (NY)


$


 Sphaeropteris bradei P.G. Windisch



Sphaeropteris bradei P.G. Windisch

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 115. 
Ecology: Native Solitary, globular cactus. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Knapp & Mallet 7141 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sphaeropteris elongata (Hook.) R.M. Tryon



Sphaeropteris elongata (Hook.) R.M. Tryon

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 115. 
Ecology: Native Solitary, globular cactus. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Barbour 4385 (MO!, USM)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Sphaeropteris macrosora (Baker) P.G. Windisch



Sphaeropteris macrosora (Baker) P.G. Windisch

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 114. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Foster & d'Achille 10168 (F!)


$


 Sphaeropteris quindiuensis (H. Karst.) R.M. Tryon



Sphaeropteris quindiuensis (H. Karst.) R.M. Tryon

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 116. 
Ecology: Native Solitary, globular cactus. Region uncertain: cloud forests, terra firme forests. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Barbour 3749 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco.


$


 Sphaeropteris rufescens (Mett. ex Kuhn) P.G. Windisch



Sphaeropteris rufescens (Mett. ex Kuhn) P.G. Windisch

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 114. 
Ecology. . 
Voucher: Spruce 4727* (B)


$


 Sphaerorhizon depressum Hook. f.


Sphaerorhizon depressum Hook. f. = Scybalium depressum (Hook. f.) Eichler

Reference: Hansen, B. F., 1980: 25. 


$


 Sphaerotele coccinea Link, Klotzsch & Otto


Sphaerotele coccinea Link, Klotzsch & Otto = Stenomesson miniatum (Herbert) Ravenna

Reference: FP 1190: 687; Ravenna, P., 1978: 69. 


$


 Sphaerotele peruviana C. Presl


Sphaerotele peruviana C. Presl = Stenomesson miniatum (Herbert) Ravenna

Reference: FP 1190: 687; Ravenna, P., 1978: 69. 


$


 Sphaerotheca scoparioides Cham. & Schltdl.


Sphaerotheca scoparioides Cham. & Schltdl. = Conobea scoparioides (Cham. & Schltdl.) Benth.

Reference: FP 1361: 667. 


$


 Sphenoclea pongatium A. DC. in DC.


Sphenoclea pongatium A. DC. in DC. = Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn.

Reference: FP 1381: 389. 


$


 Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn.



Sphenoclea zeylanica Gaertn.

Synonyms: Sphenoclea zeylanica (Gaertn.) Kuntze, Sphenoclea zeylanica A. DC. in DC., Sphenoclea zeylanica Blanco, Sphenoclea zeylanica Lam., Sphenoclea zeylanica Lour., Sphenoclea zeylanica Retz.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 389. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry & Ayala 15574 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Sphinctanthus aurantiacus (Standl.) Fagerl.



Sphinctanthus aurantiacus (Standl.) Fagerl.

Synonyms: Sphinctanthus aurantiacus Standl.
Reference: Fagerlind, F., 1943: 37. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean I, Coastal: semi-deciduous forests, shrublands. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 7665* (MO!), Ferreyra 12337 (MO!)
Departments: Tumbes.


$


 Sphinctanthus maculatus Spruce ex K. Schum.



Sphinctanthus maculatus Spruce ex K. Schum.

Synonyms: Sphinctanthus maculatus Standl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 101; Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 323. 
Ecology: Native shrub, treelet. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests, riversides. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 4688 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sphyrospermum buesii A.C. Sm.



Sphyrospermum buesii A.C. Sm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 62. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: forests. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Bues 2165* (US), Smith 4356 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sphyrospermum buxifolium Poepp. & Endl.



Sphyrospermum buxifolium Poepp. & Endl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 63. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean I-II: disturbed areas. 500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig s.n.* (P), Smith 4350 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sphyrospermum cordifolium Benth.



Sphyrospermum cordifolium Benth.

Synonyms: Sphyrospermum cordifolium Griseb.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 63. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: disturbed areas, elfin forests. 1500-3000 m. 
Note: Epiphytic shrub.  
Voucher: Smith 2780 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sphyrospermum longifolium Poepp. & Endl.



Sphyrospermum longifolium Poepp. & Endl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 64. 
Ecology: Native shrub. . 
Note: Epiphytic shrub.  
Voucher: Poeppig s.n.* (W)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Sphyrospermum majus Griseb.


Sphyrospermum majus Griseb. = Sphyrospermum cordifolium Benth.

Reference: Macbride, J. F., 1959: 63. 


$


 Sphyrospermum myrtifolium Hook.


Sphyrospermum myrtifolium Hook. = Vaccinium sphyrospermoides Sleumer

Reference: FP 1325: 64; Sleumer, H., 1936: 137. 


$


 Sphyrospermum sessiliflorum Luteyn



Sphyrospermum sessiliflorum Luteyn

Reference: Luteyn, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native shrub. . 
Note: Not reconfirmed. Epiphytic shrub.  


$


 Sphyrospermum weberbauerii (Hoer.) A.C. Sm.



Sphyrospermum weberbauerii (Hoer.) A.C. Sm.

Synonyms: Sphyrospermum weberbauerii Hoerold
Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 65. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Epiphytic shrub.  
Voucher: Weberbauer 2122* , Macbride 4121 (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Spigelia anthelmia L.



Spigelia anthelmia L.

Synonyms: Spigelia anthelmia A. DC., Spigelia anthelmia Steud.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1341: 251; Smith, L. B., 1960: 98. 
Ecology: Native herb, subshrub. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, terra firme forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Williams 7936 (F)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Spigelia anthelmia var. peruviana A. DC.


Spigelia anthelmia var. peruviana A. DC. = Spigelia anthelmia L.

Reference: FP 1341: 251. 


$


 Spigelia gilgii J.F. Macbr.


Spigelia gilgii J.F. Macbr. = Spigelia multispica Steud.

Reference: FP 1341: 252; Hurley, pers. comm.. 


$


 Spigelia humboldtiana Cham. & Schltdl.


Spigelia humboldtiana Cham. & Schltdl. = Spigelia scabra Cham. & Schltdl.

Reference: Bravo, L. D., 1971: 569; Leeuwenberg, pers. comm.. 


$


 Spigelia multispica Steud.



Spigelia multispica Steud.

Synonyms: Spigelia multispica Gilg, hom. illeg., Spigelia multispica J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Smith, L. B., 1960: 98; Hurley, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native herb, subshrub. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 29600 (US)


$


 Spigelia nervosa Gilg, hom. illeg.


Spigelia nervosa Gilg, hom. illeg. = Spigelia multispica Steud.

Reference: FP 1341: 252; Hurley, pers. comm.. 


$


 Spigelia nervosa Steud.


Spigelia nervosa Steud. = Spigelia anthelmia L.

Reference: FP 1341: 251. 


$


 Spigelia pedunculata Kunth



Spigelia pedunculata Kunth

Reference: Flora Peru: 1341: 253. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Spigelia scabra Cham. & Schltdl.



Spigelia scabra Cham. & Schltdl.

Synonyms: Spigelia scabra Cham. & Schltdl.
Reference: Hurley, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I-II: riversides, terra firme forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 5696 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Jun&iacute;n, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Spilanthes alba L'H&eacute;r.


Spilanthes alba L'H&eacute;r. = Acmella alba var. alba 

Reference: Jansen, R. K., 1985: 62. 


$


 Spilanthes americana (Mutis ex L. f.) Hieron. ex Sodiro


Spilanthes americana (Mutis ex L. f.) Hieron. ex Sodiro = Acmella oppositifolia (Lam.) R.K. Jansen

Reference: Hieronymus, G., 1901: 42. 


$


 Spilanthes ciliata Kunth


Spilanthes ciliata Kunth = Acmella ciliata (Kunth) Cass.

Reference: Jansen, R. K., 1985: 36. 


$


 Spilanthes diffusa Poepp. & Endl.


Spilanthes diffusa Poepp. & Endl. = Acmella oppositifolia (Lam.) R.K. Jansen

Reference: Jansen, R. K., 1985: 36. 


$


 Spilanthes fimbriata Kunth


Spilanthes fimbriata Kunth = Acmella ciliata (Kunth) Cass.

Reference: Jansen, R. K., 1985: 36. 


$


 Spilanthes iolepis A.H. Moore


Spilanthes iolepis A.H. Moore = Acmella alba var. alba 

Reference: Jansen, R. K., 1985: 36. 


$


 Spilanthes leiocarpa DC.



Spilanthes leiocarpa DC.

Synonyms: Spilanthes leiocarpa (DC.) Kuntze, Spilanthes leiocarpa DC.
Reference: Jansen, R. K., 1981: 251. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I, Coastal: beach, disturbed areas, riversides. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Macrae s.n.* (K), Macbride & Featherstone 49 (F)
Departments: Cajamarca, Ica, Lima, La Libertad, Piura.


$


 Spilanthes ocymifolia (Lam.) A.H. Moore


Spilanthes ocymifolia (Lam.) A.H. Moore = Acmella alba var. alba 

Reference: Jansen, R. K., 1985: 62. 


$


 Spilanthes oleracea L.


Spilanthes oleracea L. = ?  

Reference: Jansen, R. K., 1985: 65. 


$


 Spilanthes poeppigii DC.


Spilanthes poeppigii DC. = Acmella ciliata (Kunth) Cass.

Reference: Jansen, R. K., 1985: 62. 


$


 Spilanthes salivaria Murray


Spilanthes salivaria Murray = Acmella alba var. alba 

$


 Spilanthes urens var. hispidula DC.


Spilanthes urens var. hispidula DC. = Spilanthes leiocarpa DC.

Reference: Jansen, R. K., 1981: 252. 


$


 Spilanthus oleracea L.


Spilanthus oleracea L. = Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K. Jansen

Reference: Jansen, R. K., 1985: 65. 


$


 Spiranthera parviflora Sandwith



Spiranthera parviflora Sandwith

Reference: Gereau, R. E., 1990: 371. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Croat 18750 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Spiranthes acaulis (Sm.) Cogn.


Spiranthes acaulis (Sm.) Cogn. = Sarcoglottis acaulis (Sm.) Schltr.

Reference: FP 1438: 131; Garay, L. A., 1978: 260; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Spiranthes alpestris Barb. Rodr.


Spiranthes alpestris Barb. Rodr. = Cyclopogon congestus (Vell.) Hoehne

Reference: FP 1438: 136; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Note: NN  


$


 Spiranthes barrancae Esposto


Spiranthes barrancae Esposto = Pelexia pavonii (Rchb. f.) Garay

Reference: FP 1510: 5; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Spiranthes bicaudata Ames


Spiranthes bicaudata Ames = Beloglottis bicaudata (Ames) Garay

Reference: Garay, L. A., 1978: 253; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Spiranthes coccinea Garay


Spiranthes coccinea Garay = Coccineorchis cernua (Lindl.) Garay

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Spiranthes colorata (Bl.) N.E. Br.


Spiranthes colorata (Bl.) N.E. Br. = Stenorrhynchos speciosum (J. Gmelin) Rich. ex Spreng.

Reference: FP 1438: 146; Garay, L. A., 1978: 243; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Spiranthes colorata var. maculata N.E. Br.


Spiranthes colorata var. maculata N.E. Br. = Stenorrhynchos speciosum (J. Gmelin) Rich. ex Spreng.

Reference: FP 1438: 146; Garay, L. A., 1978: 243; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Spiranthes corymbosa Kraenzl.


Spiranthes corymbosa Kraenzl. = Coccineorchis cernua (Lindl.) Garay

Reference: FP 1438: 131; Garay, L. A., 1978: 237; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Spiranthes costaricensis F. Rchb.


Spiranthes costaricensis F. Rchb. = Beloglottis costaricensis (F. Rchb.) Schltr.

Reference: FP 1438: 132; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Note: NN  


$


 Spiranthes cranichoides (Griseb.) Cogn.


Spiranthes cranichoides (Griseb.) Cogn. = Cyclopogon cranichoides (Griseb.) Schltr.

Reference: FP 1510: 6; Garay, L. A., 1978: 264; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Spiranthes curvicalcarata C. Schweinf.


Spiranthes curvicalcarata C. Schweinf. = Pelexia curvicalcarata (C. Schweinf.) Garay

Reference: FP 1438: 134; Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Spiranthes cuspidata Lindl.


Spiranthes cuspidata Lindl. = Mesadenella cuspidata (Lindl.) Garay

Reference: Garay, L. A., 1978: 238; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Spiranthes elata (Sw.) Richard


Spiranthes elata (Sw.) Richard = Cyclopogon elatus (Sw.) Schltr.

Reference: FP 1438: 134; Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Spiranthes esmeraldae Linden & Reichenbach f.


Spiranthes esmeraldae Linden & Reichenbach f. = Mesadenella cuspidata (Lindl.) Garay

Reference: FP 1438: 138; Garay, L. A., 1978: 238; Dodson, 1992. 


$


 Spiranthes glabrescens Hashimoto


Spiranthes glabrescens Hashimoto = Cyclopogon glabrescens (Hashimoto) Dodson

Reference: Hashimoto, T., 1971: 175. 


$


 Spiranthes hirta Lindl.


Spiranthes hirta Lindl. = Pelexia hirta (Lindl.) Schltr.

Reference: FP 1438: 139; Garay, L. A., 1978: 250; Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Spiranthes homalogastra Rchb. f. & Warm.


Spiranthes homalogastra Rchb. f. & Warm. = Sarcoglottis homalogastra (Rchb. f. & Warm.) Schltr.

Reference: FP 1510: 6; Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Spiranthes inaequilatera Poepp. & Endl.


Spiranthes inaequilatera Poepp. & Endl. = Cyclopogon inaequilaterus (Poepp. & Endl.) Schltr.

Reference: FP 1438: 139; Garay, L. A., 1978: 267; Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Spiranthes lanceolata (Aubl.) Le&oacute;n


Spiranthes lanceolata (Aubl.) Le&oacute;n = Stenorrhynchos lanceolatum (Aubl.) Rich. ex Spreng.

Reference: FP 1510: 6, 7; Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Spiranthes laxa (Poepp. & Endl.) C. Schweinf.


Spiranthes laxa (Poepp. & Endl.) C. Schweinf. = Pelexia laxa (Poepp. & Endl.) Lindl.

Reference: FP 1438: 140; Garay, L. A., 1978: 250; Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Spiranthes lechleri (Schltr.) C. Schweinf.


Spiranthes lechleri (Schltr.) C. Schweinf. = Brachystele unilateralis (Poir.) Schltr.

Reference: FP 1438: 140; Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Spiranthes lindleyana Link, Klotzsch & Otto


Spiranthes lindleyana Link, Klotzsch & Otto = Cyclopogon lindleyanus (Link, Klotzsch & Otto) Schltr.

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Spiranthes macrostachya Poepp. & Endl.


Spiranthes macrostachya Poepp. & Endl. = Stenoptera peruviana C. Presl

Reference: FP 1438: 91; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Spiranthes maculata (Rolfe) C. Schweinf.


Spiranthes maculata (Rolfe) C. Schweinf. = Pelexia laxa (Poepp. & Endl.) Lindl.

Reference: FP 1438: 141; Garay, L. A., 1978: 250; Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Spiranthes matucanensis Kraenzl.


Spiranthes matucanensis Kraenzl. = Pelexia matucanensis (Kraenzl.) Schltr.

Reference: FP 1438: 144; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Spiranthes micrantha Barb. Rodr.


Spiranthes micrantha Barb. Rodr. = Hapalorchis micranthus (Barb. Rodr. ) Hoehne

Reference: FP 1438: 141; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Note: NN  


$


 Spiranthes millei Schltr.


Spiranthes millei Schltr. = Cyclopogon millei (Schltr.) Schltr.

Reference: Garay, L. A., 1978: 268; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Spiranthes minutiflora Rchb. f.


Spiranthes minutiflora Rchb. f. = Cyclopogon peruvianus (C. Presl) Schltr.

Reference: FP 1438: 136; 1510: 7; Garay, L. A., 1978: 269; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Spiranthes olivacea Rolfe


Spiranthes olivacea Rolfe = Cyclopogon olivaceus (Rolfe) Schltr.

Reference: FP 1438: 142; Garay, L. A., 1978: 269; Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Spiranthes orchioides (Sw.) A. Rich.


Spiranthes orchioides (Sw.) A. Rich. = Stenorrhynchos lanceolatum (Aubl.) Rich. ex Spreng.

Reference: FP 1438: 142; 1510: 6, 7; Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Spiranthes orthantha Kraenzl.


Spiranthes orthantha Kraenzl. = Lankesterella orthantha (Kraenzl.) Garay

Reference: FP 1510: 7, 8; Garay, L. A., 1978: 233; Dodson, 1992. 


$


 Spiranthes pachyrhiza Kraenzl.


Spiranthes pachyrhiza Kraenzl. = Pelexia matucanensis (Kraenzl.) Schltr.

Reference: FP 1438: 144; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Spiranthes pavonii Rchb. f.


Spiranthes pavonii Rchb. f. = Pelexia pavonii (Rchb. f.) Garay

Reference: FP 1438: 144; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Spiranthes peruviana C. Presl


Spiranthes peruviana C. Presl = Cyclopogon peruvianus (C. Presl) Schltr.

Reference: FP 1438: 134; Garay, L. A., 1978: 269; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Spiranthes picta (Sims) Lindl.


Spiranthes picta (Sims) Lindl. = Sarcoglottis acaulis (Sm.) Schltr.

Reference: FP 1438: 131; Garay, L. A., 1978: 259. 


$


 Spiranthes plantaginea Lindl.


Spiranthes plantaginea Lindl. = Cyclopogon plantagineus (Lindl.) Schltr.

Reference: FP 1438: 134; Garay, L. A., 1978: 272; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Spiranthes plantaginea Sprengel, nom. illeg.


Spiranthes plantaginea Sprengel, nom. illeg. = Cyclopogon plantagineus (Lindl.) Schltr.

Reference: Garay, L. A., 1978: 272; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Spiranthes preslii Lindl.


Spiranthes preslii Lindl. = Cyclopogon ovalifolium C. Presl

Reference: FP 1438: 134; Garay, L. A., 1978: 17; Garay, L. A., 1978: 258; Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Spiranthes pumila C. Schweinf.


Spiranthes pumila C. Schweinf. = Hapalorchis pumilus (C. Schweinf.) Garay

Reference: FP 1438: 145; Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Spiranthes reichenbachiana Garay & Dunst.


Spiranthes reichenbachiana Garay & Dunst. = Cyclopogon peruvianus (C. Presl) Schltr.

Reference: FP 1510: 7; Garay, L. A., 1978: 271; Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Spiranthes rimbachii (Schltr.) C. Schweinf.


Spiranthes rimbachii (Schltr.) C. Schweinf. = Cyclopogon rimbachii Schltr.

Reference: FP 1438: 145; Garay, L. A., 1978: 272; Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Spiranthes saltensis Griseb.


Spiranthes saltensis Griseb. = Pelexia saltensis (Griseb.) Schltr.

Reference: FP 1438: 146; Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Spiranthes speciosa (J. Gmelin) A. Rich.


Spiranthes speciosa (J. Gmelin) A. Rich. = Stenorrhynchos speciosum (J. Gmelin) Rich. ex Spreng.

Reference: FP 1438: 146; Garay, L. A., 1978: 243; Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Spiranthes speciosa Lindl.


Spiranthes speciosa Lindl. = Sarcoglottis acaulis (Sm.) Schltr.

Reference: FP 1438: 131; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Spiranthes subumbellata C. Schweinf.


Spiranthes subumbellata C. Schweinf. = Sauroglossum corymbosum (Lindl.) Garay

Reference: FP 1438: 147; Garay, L. A., 1978: 19; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Spiranthes ulaei Cogn.


Spiranthes ulaei Cogn. = Brachystele ulaei (Cogn.) Schltr.

Reference: FP 1438: 148; Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Spiranthes vaginata (Kunth) Lindl. ex B.D. Jacks.


Spiranthes vaginata (Kunth) Lindl. ex B.D. Jacks. = Stenorrhynchos vaginatum (Kunth) Spreng.

Reference: FP 1438: 148; Garay, L. A., 1978: 244. 


$


 Spiranthes variegata Kraenzl.


Spiranthes variegata Kraenzl. = Cyclopogon elatus (Sw.) Schltr.

Reference: FP 1438: 136; Garay, L. A., 1978: 269; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Spiranthes villosa Poepp. & Endl.


Spiranthes villosa Poepp. & Endl. = Sarcoglottis villosa (Poepp. & Endl.) Schltr.

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Spiranthes weberbaueri Kraenzl.


Spiranthes weberbaueri Kraenzl. = Pelexia weberbaueri (Kraenzl.) Schltr.

Reference: FP 1438: 149; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Spiranthes weberbaueri var. aurantiaca C. Schweinf.


Spiranthes weberbaueri var. aurantiaca C. Schweinf. = Sauroglossum aurantiacum (C. Schweinf.) Garay

Reference: FP 1438: 149; Garay, L. A., 1978: 18; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Spiranthes weberbaueriana (Kraenzl.) Kraenzlin ex Schlechter


Spiranthes weberbaueriana (Kraenzl.) Kraenzlin ex Schlechter = Pelexia weberbaueri (Kraenzl.) Schltr.

Reference: FP 1438: 149. 


$


 Spirochaeta funckii Turcz.


Spirochaeta funckii Turcz. = Pseudelephantopus spiralis (Less.) Cronquist

Reference: FP 1416: 68. 


$


 Spirodela intermedia W. Koch



Spirodela intermedia W. Koch

Reference: Landolt, E., 1986: 438. 
Ecology: Native aquatic herb. Amazonian, Andean I-II: submerged. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 27706 (US!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Lima, Loreto, Piura, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid.



Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid.

Synonyms: Spirodela polyrhiza L.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1132: 486; Landolt, E., 1986: 439. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Spirotheca salmonea Ulbrich


Spirotheca salmonea Ulbrich = Ceiba salmonea (Ulbrich) Bakhuisen

Reference: FP 1303: 603. 


$


 Spixia distichophylla Mart.


Spixia distichophylla Mart. = Pera distichophylla (Mart.) Baill.

Reference: FP 674: 107. 


$


 Spixia violacea Schrank


Spixia violacea Schrank = Centratherum punctatum Cass.

Reference: FP 1416: 59. 


$


 Spondias cytherea Sonn.


Spondias cytherea Sonn. = Spondias dulcis Parkinson

Reference: Smith, A. C., 1985: 452. 


$


 Spondias dulcis Parkinson



Spondias dulcis Parkinson

Synonyms: Spondias dulcis Sonn.
Reference: Smith, A. C., 1985: 452. 
Ecology: Cultivated tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 25676 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Spondias lutea L.


Spondias lutea L. = Spondias mombin L.

Reference: FP 681: 212; Barfod, A. S., 1987: 36. 


$


 Spondias mombin L.



Spondias mombin L.

Synonyms: Spondias mombin L.
Reference: Flora Peru: 681: 242; Barfod, A. S., 1987: 36. 
Ecology: Cultivated tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 778 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Pasco, Ucayali.


$


 Spondias purpurea L.



Spondias purpurea L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 681: 243; Barfod, A. S., 1987: 38. 
Ecology: Cultivated tree. Amazonian: semi-deciduous forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 6541 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Lima, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$



$


 Spondylantha aphylla Presl


Spondylantha aphylla Presl = Cissus verticillata (L.) Nicolson & Jarvis

Reference: Nicolson, D. & C. Jarvis, 1984: 727. 


$


 Sponia chichilea Planch.


Sponia chichilea Planch. = Trema micrantha (L.) Blume

Reference: FP 1231: 269. 


$


 Sponia integerrima Beurl.


Sponia integerrima Beurl. = Trema integerrima (Beurl.) Standl.

Reference: Standley, P. C., 1933: 55. 


$


 Sponia macrophylla (Kunth) Decne.


Sponia macrophylla (Kunth) Decne. = Trema micrantha (L.) Blume

Reference: FP 1231: 269; Carauta, J. P. P., 1974: 114. 


$


 Sponia micrantha (L.) Decne.


Sponia micrantha (L.) Decne. = Trema micrantha (L.) Blume

Reference: FP 1231: 269; Carauta, J. P. P., 1974: 114. 


$


 Sponia peruviana Klotzsch


Sponia peruviana Klotzsch = Trema micrantha (L.) Blume

Reference: FP 1231: 269. 


$


 Sporobolus argutus (Nees) Kunth


Sporobolus argutus (Nees) Kunth = Sporobolus pyramidatus (Lam.) Hitchc.

Reference: FP 719: 174; McVaugh, R., 1983: 374. 


$


 Sporobolus berteroanus (Trin.) Hitchc. & Chase


Sporobolus berteroanus (Trin.) Hitchc. & Chase = Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br.

Reference: FP 719: 174; Killeen, T. J., 1990: 189. 


$


 Sporobolus fastigiatus J. Presl


Sporobolus fastigiatus J. Presl = Muhlenbergia fastigiata (J. Presl) Henrard

Reference: FP 719: 170. 


$


 Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br.



Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br.

Synonyms: Sporobolus indicus (Roem. & Schult.) Hitchc., Sporobolus indicus (Trin.) Hitchc. & Chase, Sporobolus indicus L., Sporobolus indicus Roem. & Schult., Sporobolus indicus Steud. ex Lechler, Sporobolus indicus Trin.
Reference: McVaugh, R., 1983: 372; Killeen, T. J., 1990: 189. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I-III, Coastal: disturbed areas. 0-4000 m. 
Voucher: Brunel 990 (F!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Huancavelica, Lambayeque, La Libertad.


$


 Sporobolus jacquemontii Kunth



Sporobolus jacquemontii Kunth

Reference: Tovar, O., 1986: 56. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 17581 (US, USM)
Departments: Loreto, Pasco, Ucayali.


$


 Sporobolus lasiophyllus Pilg.



Sporobolus lasiophyllus Pilg.

Reference: Flora Peru: 719: 175. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: grasslands, rocky slopes. 1500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 2467* (MOL), Smith 10489 (F!)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Sporobolus ligularis Hack.


Sporobolus ligularis Hack. = Muhlenbergia ligularis (Hack.) Hitchc.

Reference: FP 719: 171; Peterson, P. M. & C. R. Annable, 1991: 56. 


$


 Sporobolus minor Trin. ex Kunth



Sporobolus minor Trin. ex Kunth

Reference: Tovar, O., 1981: 113. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Voucher: Wurdack 464 (US)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Sporobolus mirabilis Pilg.



Sporobolus mirabilis Pilg.

Reference: Flora Peru: 719: 175. 
Ecology. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 6186* (B)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Sporobolus poiretii (Roem. & Schult.) Hitchc.


Sporobolus poiretii (Roem. & Schult.) Hitchc. = Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br.

Reference: McVaugh, R., 1983: 373. 


$


 Sporobolus purpurascens (Sw.) Ham.



Sporobolus purpurascens (Sw.) Ham.

Synonyms: Sporobolus purpurascens Sw.
Reference: Flora Peru: 719: 175. 
Ecology: Introduced herb. Andean I: disturbed areas. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Williams 7533 (F!)
Departments: Cajamarca, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sporobolus pyramidalis P. Beauv.



Sporobolus pyramidalis P. Beauv.

Reference: Tovar, O., 1986: 56. 
Ecology. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: S&aacute;nchez   2364 (F!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Sporobolus pyramidatus (Lam.) Hitchc.



Sporobolus pyramidatus (Lam.) Hitchc.

Synonyms: Sporobolus pyramidatus (Nees) Kunth, Sporobolus pyramidatus Lam., Sporobolus pyramidatus Nees
Reference: McVaugh, R., 1983: 374; Judziewicz, E. J., 1990[1991]: 612. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II: disturbed areas. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: S&aacute;nchez 2364 (F!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Sporobolus tenuissimus (Schrank) Kuntze



Sporobolus tenuissimus (Schrank) Kuntze

Synonyms: Sporobolus tenuissimus Schrank
Reference: 0010982, : 335. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Voucher: Gutte & L&oacute;pez 71 (LZ)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Pasco.


$


 Sporobolus virginicus (L.) Kunth



Sporobolus virginicus (L.) Kunth

Synonyms: Sporobolus virginicus L., Sporobolus virginicus Steud. ex Lechler
Reference: Flora Peru: 719: 175. 
Ecology: Native herb. Coastal: beach. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 47A (F!)
Departments: Arequipa, Lima, La Libertad.


$


 Sprucea rubescens Benth.


Sprucea rubescens Benth. = Simira rubescens (Benth.) Bremek. ex Steyerm.

Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 350. 


$


 Spruceanthus grandiflorus (Spruce ex Bentham) Sleumer


Spruceanthus grandiflorus (Spruce ex Bentham) Sleumer = Neosprucea grandiflora (Spruce ex Benth.) Sleumer

Reference: FP 732: 22; Sleumer, H., 1980: 80. 


$


 Stachyarrhena penduliflora Schumann



Stachyarrhena penduliflora Schumann

Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1965: 221. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Dodson & Torres 3023 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Stachyarrhena spicata Hook. f.



Stachyarrhena spicata Hook. f.

Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1965: 221. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests on white sand. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 2304 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Stachyococcus adinanthus (Standl.) Standl.



Stachyococcus adinanthus (Standl.) Standl.

Synonyms: Stachyococcus adinanthus Standl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 144. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 988* (F), Plowman et al. 6731 (F!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Stachys aperta Epling



Stachys aperta Epling

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 825; Epling, C., 1935: 11; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1966: 265. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: disturbed areas, riversides, shrublands. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 3963* (MO!), Sag&aacute;stegui et al. 9754 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Stachys arvensis L.



Stachys arvensis L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 826; Epling, C., 1935: 7. 
Ecology: Introduced herb. Coastal: disturbed areas, rocky slopes. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 4038 (MO!)
Departments: Lima, La Libertad.


$


 Stachys elliptica var. pusilla Wedd.


Stachys elliptica var. pusilla Wedd. = Stachys pusilla (Wedd.) Briq.

Reference: FP 1287: 828; Epling, C., 1935: 7. 


$


 Stachys herrerae Epling



Stachys herrerae Epling

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 826; Epling, C., 1935: 8; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1966: 264. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: disturbed areas. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Pennell 13577* (F), Tupayachi 926 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Stachys lamioides Benth.



Stachys lamioides Benth.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 827; Epling, C., 1935: 12. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Stachys lanata Jacq.



Stachys lanata Jacq.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 826; Epling, C., 1935: 5. 
Ecology: Introduced herb. Andean II: disturbed areas. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Metcalf 30264 (MO!)
Departments: Huancavelica, Puno.


$


 Stachys meyenii Walpers


Stachys meyenii Walpers = Lepechinia meyenii (Walpers) Epling

Reference: FP 1287: 767; Hart, J. A., 1983: 190. 


$


 Stachys micheliana Briq.



Stachys micheliana Briq.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 827; Epling, C., 1935: 9. 
Ecology: Native herb. .. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Klug 3443 (MO!)
Departments: Lambayeque, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Stachys peruviana Dombey ex Bentham



Stachys peruviana Dombey ex Bentham

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 827; Epling, C., 1935: 8. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: disturbed areas, grasslands, shrublands. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Dombey s.n.* (BM), Metcalf 30334 (MO!)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Ayacucho, Cuzco, La Libertad.


$


 Stachys petiolosa Briq.



Stachys petiolosa Briq.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 828; Epling, C., 1935: 12; Epling, C., 1960: 140. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: disturbed areas. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 7972 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Stachys pusilla (Wedd.) Briq.



Stachys pusilla (Wedd.) Briq.

Synonyms: Stachys pusilla Wedd.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1287: 828; Epling, C., 1935: 7. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-III, Coastal: disturbed areas, riversides. 0-4500 m. 
Voucher: King & Collins 9049 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima.


$


 Stachys speciosa Hooker


Stachys speciosa Hooker = Satureja elliptica (Ruiz & Pav.) Briq.

Reference: FP 1287: 755; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1964: 398. 


$


 Stachytarpheta australis fo. albiflora Moldenke


Stachytarpheta australis fo. albiflora Moldenke = Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) M. Vahl

Reference: L&oacute;pez-Palacios, S., 1977: 49. 


$


 Stachytarpheta australis Moldenke


Stachytarpheta australis Moldenke = Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) M. Vahl

Reference: L&oacute;pez-Palacios, S., 1977: 49. 


$


 Stachytarpheta cajamarcensis Moldenke



Stachytarpheta cajamarcensis Moldenke

Reference: Moldenke, H. N., 1966: 242. 
Ecology: Endemic subshrub. Andean I: riversides. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 3645* (UC)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Stachytarpheta canescens Kunth



Stachytarpheta canescens Kunth

Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 658; Moldenke, H. N., 1980: 135. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Humboldt s.n.* (B photo F!), Mostacero et al. 1714 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) M. Vahl



Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) M. Vahl

Synonyms: Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Moldenke) Moldenke, Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Ruiz & Pav.) Vahl, Stachytarpheta cayennensis Kunth, Stachytarpheta cayennensis Moldenke, Stachytarpheta cayennensis Moldenke, Stachytarpheta cayennensis Rich., Stachytarpheta cayennensis Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 658; Jansen-Jacobs, M. J., 1988: 67. 
Ecology: Cultivated herb. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry & Revilla 16332 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Stachytarpheta dichotoma (Ruiz & Pav.) Vahl


Stachytarpheta dichotoma (Ruiz & Pav.) Vahl = Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) M. Vahl

Reference: FP 1286: 658; Jansen-Jacobs, M. J., 1988: 67. 


$


 Stachytarpheta dichotoma fo. albiflora (Moldenke) Moldenke


Stachytarpheta dichotoma fo. albiflora (Moldenke) Moldenke = Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) M. Vahl

Reference: L&oacute;pez-Palacios, S., 1977: 49. 


$


 Stachytarpheta peruviana Moldenke



Stachytarpheta peruviana Moldenke

Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 658; Moldenke, H. N., 1980: 135. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Amazonian, Coastal: beach, disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 22853* (F)
Departments: Ayacucho, Loreto.


$


 Stachytarpheta quirosana Moldenke



Stachytarpheta quirosana Moldenke

Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 659; Moldenke, H. N., 1980: 135. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 6343* (F)
Departments: Piura.


$


 Stachytarpheta straminea Moldenke



Stachytarpheta straminea Moldenke

Reference: L&oacute;pez-Palacios, S., 1976: 49. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 10273 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Amazonas.


$


 Stachytarpheta umbrosa Kunth


Stachytarpheta umbrosa Kunth = Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) M. Vahl

Reference: FP 1286: 658; Moldenke, H. N., 1973: 77. 


$


 Stachytarpheta weberbaueri Moldenke



Stachytarpheta weberbaueri Moldenke

Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 659; Moldenke, H. N., 1980: 135. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean I: forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 6178* (NY), Stork & Horton 10092 
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Staehelina solidaginoides Willd. ex Less.


Staehelina solidaginoides Willd. ex Less. = Vernonia scorpioides (Lam.) Pers.

Reference: FP 1416: 39. 


$


 Stangea emiliae Graebn.


Stangea emiliae Graebn. = Stangea rhizantha (A. Gray) Killip

Reference: FP 1378: 317. 


$


 Stangea erikae Graebn.



Stangea erikae Graebn.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 317. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean III: rocky slopes.  > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer  3272* (B photo F!), Smith 11315 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Stangea henrici Graebn.



Stangea henrici Graebn.

Synonyms: Stangea henrici (Graebn.) B. Eriksen
Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 317; Eriksen, B., 1989: 17. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean III: rocky slopes. 4000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 2962* (MOL), Cook & Cook 6 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima.


$


 Stangea paulae Graebn.



Stangea paulae Graebn.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 317. 
Ecology.  > 4500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 1036* (B photo F!)
Departments: Puno.


$


 Stangea rhizantha (A. Gray) Killip



Stangea rhizantha (A. Gray) Killip

Synonyms: Stangea rhizantha A. Gray, Stangea rhizantha Graebn.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 317. 
Ecology. 4000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Wilkes Expedition s.n.* (US), Weberbauer 276 (B photo F!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Lima.


$


 Stangea wandae Graebn.



Stangea wandae Graebn.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 318; Seitz, W., 1976: 416. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean III: rocky slopes. 4000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 3755* (B), Pearsall 1138 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Stanhopea anfracta Rolfe



Stanhopea anfracta Rolfe

Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 611; 1510: 52; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Pastorelli illus.  


$


 Stanhopea aurata (Lindl.) Beer


Stanhopea aurata (Lindl.) Beer = Stanhopea connata Klotzsch

Reference: FP 1473: 608; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Stanhopea candida Barb. Rodr.



Stanhopea candida Barb. Rodr.

Synonyms: Stanhopea candida Rolfe
Reference: Flora Peru: 1510: 52; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Pastorelli illus.  
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Stanhopea connata Klotzsch



Stanhopea connata Klotzsch

Synonyms: Stanhopea connata (Lindl.) Beer, Stanhopea connata Haager & Jenik, Stanhopea connata Klotzsch ex Rchb. f.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 607; Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 174. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean I: forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Warscewicz s.n.* , Bennett 3619 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Stanhopea convoluta Rolfe


Stanhopea convoluta Rolfe = Stanhopea tricornis Lindl.

Reference: FP 1473: 611; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Stanhopea deltoidea Lemaire



Stanhopea deltoidea Lemaire

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. . 
Note: Type information not located.  
Voucher: Pastorelli illus.  


$


 Stanhopea florida Rchb. f.



Stanhopea florida Rchb. f.

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Pastorelli illus.  


$


 Stanhopea grandiflora (Humb. & Bonpl.) Rchb. f.


Stanhopea grandiflora (Humb. & Bonpl.) Rchb. f. = Stanhopea jenishiana Kramer ex Rchb. f.

Reference: Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 176. 


$


 Stanhopea graveolens Klotzsch ex Rchb. f.


Stanhopea graveolens Klotzsch ex Rchb. f. = Stanhopea connata Klotzsch

Reference: FP 1473: 607; Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 174. 


$


 Stanhopea graveolens Lindl.



Stanhopea graveolens Lindl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 608; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Stanhopea haseloviana Rchb. f.



Stanhopea haseloviana Rchb. f.

Synonyms: Stanhopea haseloviana Rolfe
Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 609; Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 175. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. Andean I: forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Warscewicz s.n.* , Bennett 435 (AMES)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Stanhopea hoppii Schltr.


Stanhopea hoppii Schltr. = Stanhopea jenishiana Kramer ex Rchb. f.

Reference: Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 176. 


$


 Stanhopea inodora Rchb. f.



Stanhopea inodora Rchb. f.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 608; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Stanhopea jenishiana Kramer ex Rchb. f.



Stanhopea jenishiana Kramer ex Rchb. f.

Synonyms: Stanhopea jenishiana (Humb. & Bonpl.) Kunth, Stanhopea jenishiana (Humb. & Bonpl.) Rchb. f., Stanhopea jenishiana Humb. & Bonpl., Stanhopea jenishiana Schltr.
Reference: Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 176. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. . 
Note: Probably collected in the Department of Amazonas (Dodson & Bennett, 1989). 
Voucher: Bennett 4510 (MO)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Stanhopea moliana Rolfe


Stanhopea moliana Rolfe = Stanhopea haseloviana Rchb. f.

Reference: FP 1473: 609; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Stanhopea nigripes Rolfe



Stanhopea nigripes Rolfe

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Without collector*  , Pastorelli illus.  


$


 Stanhopea peruviana Rolfe



Stanhopea peruviana Rolfe

Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 611; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. Andean I: forests. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Forget s.n.* , Pastorelli illus.  


$


 Stanhopea pozoi Dodson & Bennett



Stanhopea pozoi Dodson & Bennett

Reference: Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 177. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Bennett 4506 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Stanhopea randii Rolfe


Stanhopea randii Rolfe = Stanhopea candida Barb. Rodr.

Reference: FP 1473: 610; 1510: 52. 


$


 Stanhopea tadeasi Haager & Jenik


Stanhopea tadeasi Haager & Jenik = Stanhopea connata Klotzsch

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Stanhopea tricornis Lindl.



Stanhopea tricornis Lindl.

Synonyms: Stanhopea tricornis Rolfe
Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 611; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Coastal: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stanhopea wardii Loddiges ex Lindl.



Stanhopea wardii Loddiges ex Lindl.

Synonyms: Stanhopea wardii Rolfe
Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 611; 1510: 52; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Stanhopea wardii var. venusta Rolfe


Stanhopea wardii var. venusta Rolfe = Stanhopea wardii Loddiges ex Lindl.

Reference: FP 1473: 611; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Note: NN  


$


 Stanhopea xytriophora Rchb. f.



Stanhopea xytriophora Rchb. f.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 612; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stannia formosa Karsten


Stannia formosa Karsten = Posoqueria coriacea subsp. formosa (Karsten) Steyerm.

Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 584. 


$


 Stannia grandiflora Karsten


Stannia grandiflora Karsten = Posoqueria panamensis subsp. grandiflora (Karsten) Steyerm.

Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 588. 


$


 Staphidiastrum impetiolare Naudin


Staphidiastrum impetiolare Naudin = Clidemia pilosa D. Don

Reference: FP 761: 490; Wurdack, J. J., 1980: 296. 


$


 Staphidiastrum obliquum Griseb. ex Cogn.


Staphidiastrum obliquum Griseb. ex Cogn. = Clidemia obliqua (Griseb. ex Cogn.) Cogn.

Reference: FP 761: 490. 


$


 Staphidium affine Naudin


Staphidium affine Naudin = Clidemia novemnervia var. affinis (Naudin) Wurdack

Reference: FP 761: 496; Wurdack, J. J., 1971: 124. 


$


 Staphidium brachystephanum Naudin


Staphidium brachystephanum Naudin = Clidemia dentata D. Don

Reference: FP 761: 483. 


$


 Staphidium cuneatum Berg ex Triana in syn.


Staphidium cuneatum Berg ex Triana in syn. = Miconia cuneata Berg ex Triana

Reference: FP 761: 403. 


$


 Staphidium dispar O. Berg ex Triana


Staphidium dispar O. Berg ex Triana = Clidemia dimorphica J.F. Macbr.

Reference: FP 761: 486; Wurdack, J. J., 1980: 300. 


$


 Staphidium naevulum Naudin


Staphidium naevulum Naudin = Clidemia naevula (Naudin) Triana

Reference: FP 761: 489. 


$


 Staphidium sessiliflorum Naudin


Staphidium sessiliflorum Naudin = Clidemia sessiliflora (Naudin) Cogn.

Reference: FP 761: 493; Wurdack, J. J., 1980: 309. 


$


 Staphylea heterophylla Ruiz & Pav.


Staphylea heterophylla Ruiz & Pav. = Turpinia occidentalis (Sw.) G. Don

Reference: FP 691: 234; Croat, T. B., 1977: 394. 


$


 Staphylea occidentalis Sw.


Staphylea occidentalis Sw. = Turpinia occidentalis (Sw.) G. Don

Reference: Croat, T. B., 1977: 394. 


$


 Steffensia acutifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth


Steffensia acutifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth = Piper acutifolium var. acutifolium 

Reference: FP 1216: 131. 


$


 Steffensia asperifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth


Steffensia asperifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth = Piper asperifolium Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1216: 138. 


$


 Steffensia crocata (R. & P.) Kunth


Steffensia crocata (R. & P.) Kunth = Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1216: 155. 


$


 Steffensia elongata (Vahl) Kunth


Steffensia elongata (Vahl) Kunth = Piper aduncum L.

Reference: FP 1216: 161. 


$


 Steffensia evonymifolia Kunth


Steffensia evonymifolia Kunth = Piper lanceolatum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1216: 180. 


$


 Steffensia obliqua (Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth


Steffensia obliqua (Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth = Piper obliquum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1216: 197; Trelease, W. & T. G. Yuncker, 1950: 129. 


$


 Steffensia opizii Kunth


Steffensia opizii Kunth = Piper opizii (Kunth) Steud.

Reference: FP 1216: 201. 


$


 Steffensia poeppigii Kunth


Steffensia poeppigii Kunth = Piper pseudomollicomum var. pseudomollicomum 

Reference: FP 1216: 217. 


$


 Steffensia pseudochurumayu Kunth


Steffensia pseudochurumayu Kunth = Piper coruscans Kunth

Reference: FP 1216: 216; Tebbs, M. C., 1990: 232. 


$


 Steffensia secunda (Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth


Steffensia secunda (Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth = Piper secundum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1216: 231. 


$


 Steffensia tuberculata (Jacq.) Kunth


Steffensia tuberculata (Jacq.) Kunth = Piper arboreum subsp. tuberculatum (Jacq.) Tebbs

Reference: FP 1216: 246; Trelease, W. & T. G. Yuncker, 1950: 364. 


$


 Stegosia cochinchinensis Lour.


Stegosia cochinchinensis Lour. = Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) Clayton

Reference: Clayton, W. D., 1981: 817. 


$


 Steirosanchezia scandens Lindau


Steirosanchezia scandens Lindau = Sanchezia scandens (Lindau) Leonard & L.B. Sm.

Reference: Leonard, E. C. & L. B. Smith, 1964: 337. 


$


 Stelis acutiflora (R. & P.) Willd.



Stelis acutiflora (R. & P.) Willd.

Synonyms: Stelis acutiflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Mansf., Stelis acutiflora Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 170. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis acutissima Lindl.


Stelis acutissima Lindl. = Stelis purpurea (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd.

Reference: FP 1438: 171; 1510: 8. 


$


 Stelis affinis C. Schweinf.



Stelis affinis C. Schweinf.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 171; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis alba Kunth



Stelis alba Kunth

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 171; 1510: 8. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Stork & Horton 10385 (MO!)
Departments: Huancavelica.


$


 Stelis apiculata Lindl.


Stelis apiculata Lindl. = Stelis pusilla Kunth

Reference: FP 1438: 173; 1510: 8, 14. 


$


 Stelis apiculata Schltr.


Stelis apiculata Schltr. = Stelis oblonga (R. & P.) Willd.

Reference: FP 1438: 192. 


$


 Stelis aprica Lindl.



Stelis aprica Lindl.

Synonyms: Stelis aprica Schltr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1510: 8, 11; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis argentata Lindl.



Stelis argentata Lindl.

Synonyms: Stelis argentata Rchb. f., Stelis argentata Rchb. f., Stelis argentata Schltr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1510: 8, 12; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez et al. 10498 (MO!)
Departments: Madre de Dios.


$


 Stelis ascendens Lindl.



Stelis ascendens Lindl.

Synonyms: Stelis ascendens Willd. ex Lindl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 173; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Hall s.n.* 
Departments: Tacna.


$


 Stelis ascensor C. Schweinf.


Stelis ascensor C. Schweinf. = Stelis tenuicaulis Lindl.

Reference: FP 1438: 173; 1510: 8, 15. 


$


 Stelis aspera (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.



Stelis aspera (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.

Synonyms: Stelis aspera Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 174; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Voucher: Pav&oacute;n s.n.* 
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Stelis atra Lindl.


Stelis atra Lindl. = Stelis hallii var. atra (Lindley) Garay & C. Schweinf.

Reference: FP 1510: 8, 11. 


$


 Stelis attenuata Lindl.



Stelis attenuata Lindl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 174; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis aviceps Lindl.



Stelis aviceps Lindl.

Synonyms: Stelis aviceps C. Schweinf., Stelis aviceps Schltr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1510: 9, 14; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis bicallosa Schltr.



Stelis bicallosa Schltr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 176; 1510: 9; Nakata, M., 1990: 158. 
Ecology. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 1795* , Vargas 2545 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Stelis biserrula Lindl.



Stelis biserrula Lindl.

Synonyms: Stelis biserrula Lindl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1510: 9, 15; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. . 
Voucher: Woytkowski 5280 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Stelis boliviensis Rolfe



Stelis boliviensis Rolfe

Reference: Flora Peru: 1510: 9; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis brevilabris Lindl.



Stelis brevilabris Lindl.

Synonyms: Stelis brevilabris Schltr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1510: 9, 11; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis breviracema C. Schweinf.


Stelis breviracema C. Schweinf. = Stelis campanulifera Lindl.

Reference: FP 1438: 176; 1510: 9. 


$


 Stelis campanulifera Lindl.



Stelis campanulifera Lindl.

Synonyms: Stelis campanulifera C. Schweinf.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1510: 9; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis capillaris Lindl.



Stelis capillaris Lindl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 178; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Mathews 1909* 
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto.


$


 Stelis capillipes Rchb. f.


Stelis capillipes Rchb. f. = Stelis concinna Lindl.

Reference: FP 1438: 179. 


$


 Stelis carnosa Kunth


Stelis carnosa Kunth = Malaxis carnosa (Kunth) C. Schweinf.

Reference: FP 1467: 368. 


$


 Stelis chachapoyensis Rchb. f.



Stelis chachapoyensis Rchb. f.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 178; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis concaviflora C. Schweinf.



Stelis concaviflora C. Schweinf.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 179; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II-III: rocky slopes. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Stork & Horton 10765* , Tupayachi 951 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Stelis concinna Lindl.



Stelis concinna Lindl.

Synonyms: Stelis concinna Rchb. f.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 179; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis connata C. Presl



Stelis connata C. Presl

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 179; 1510: 9; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis connata C. Schweinf.


Stelis connata C. Schweinf. = Stelis aviceps Lindl.

Reference: FP 1510: 9. 


$


 Stelis contorta (R. & P.) Pers.



Stelis contorta (R. & P.) Pers.

Synonyms: Stelis contorta Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 180. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis cordata (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd.


Stelis cordata (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd. = Pleurothallis cordata (Ruiz & Pav.) Lindl.

Reference: FP 1438: 180; 1467: 287; Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Stelis cordibractea Schltr.


Stelis cordibractea Schltr. = Stelis cupuligera Rchb. f. & Warsz.

Reference: FP 1438: 207. 


$


 Stelis cupuligera Rchb. f. & Warsz.



Stelis cupuligera Rchb. f. & Warsz.

Synonyms: Stelis cupuligera Lindl., Stelis cupuligera Schltr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 180; 1510: 10; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: cloud forests. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Warscewicz s.n.* , Seibert 2226 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Stelis curvicarina C. Schweinf.


Stelis curvicarina C. Schweinf. = Stelis tenuicaulis Lindl.

Reference: FP 1438: 182; 1510: 10, 15. 


$


 Stelis densiflora Lindl.


Stelis densiflora Lindl. = Stelis cupuligera Rchb. f. & Warsz.

Reference: FP 1438: 182; 1510: 10. 


$


 Stelis deregularis Barb. Rodr.


Stelis deregularis Barb. Rodr. = Pleurothallis deregularis (Barb. Rodr. ) Luer

Reference: Luer, C. A., 1978: 385; Luer, pers. comm.. 


$


 Stelis diffusa C. Schweinf.



Stelis diffusa C. Schweinf.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 184; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 4148* 
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Stelis discolor Rchb. f.


Stelis discolor Rchb. f. = Stelis jamesonii var. parviflora Garay

Reference: FP 1438: 184; 1510: 10. 


$


 Stelis dispar C. Schweinf.



Stelis dispar C. Schweinf.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 186; 1510: 10, 11; Carnevali, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not known from Peru. Known from Venezuela.  


$


 Stelis disticha Poepp. & Endl.



Stelis disticha Poepp. & Endl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 186; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis dupliciformis C. Schweinf.



Stelis dupliciformis C. Schweinf.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 187; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis elatior Lindl.



Stelis elatior Lindl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 187; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean I: forests. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Mathews 1914* 
Departments: Ucayali.


$


 Stelis elongata Kunth



Stelis elongata Kunth

Synonyms: Stelis elongata Schltr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1510: 10. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis endresii Rchb. f.


Stelis endresii Rchb. f. = Stelis argentata Lindl.

Reference: FP 1438: 189; 1510: 8. 


$


 Stelis eublepharis Rchb. f.



Stelis eublepharis Rchb. f.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 190. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis eublepharis var. glabriflora C. Schweinf.


Stelis eublepharis var. glabriflora C. Schweinf. = Stelis loxensis Lindl.

Reference: FP 1438: 190; 1510: 10. 


$


 Stelis filomenoi Schltr.



Stelis filomenoi Schltr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 191; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   
Voucher: Filomeno s.n.* 
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Stelis flacca Rchb. f.



Stelis flacca Rchb. f.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 191; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis flexa Schltr.



Stelis flexa Schltr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1510: 10; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis flexuosa Lindl.



Stelis flexuosa Lindl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 191; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, grasslands, rocky slopes, shrublands. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Mathews 1910* , Smith & Valencia 10033 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca.


$


 Stelis floribunda Kunth


Stelis floribunda Kunth = Stelis oblonga (R. & P.) Willd.

Reference: FP 1438: 173, 192; 1510: 10, 13. 


$


 Stelis foliosa Lindl.


Stelis foliosa Lindl. = Polystachya foliosa (Lindl.) Rchb. f.

Reference: FP 1473: 555. 


$


 Stelis fraterna Lindl.



Stelis fraterna Lindl.

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis frutex Schltr.



Stelis frutex Schltr.

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis gemma Garay



Stelis gemma Garay

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. . 
Voucher: Woytkowski 5241 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Stelis gigas Barb. Rodr.



Stelis gigas Barb. Rodr.

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis gonzaleziana C. Schweinf.


Stelis gonzaleziana C. Schweinf. = Stelis hylophila Rchb. f.

Reference: FP 1438: 193; 1510: 11. 


$


 Stelis gracilispica C. Schweinf.


Stelis gracilispica C. Schweinf. = Stelis striolata Lindl.

Reference: FP 1438: 193; 1510: 11. 


$


 Stelis grandibracteata C. Schweinf.



Stelis grandibracteata C. Schweinf.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 193. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis hallii Lindl.



Stelis hallii Lindl.

$


 Stelis hallii var.atra (Lindley) Garay & C. Schweinf.



Stelis hallii var. atra (Lindley) Garay & C. Schweinf.

Synonyms: Stelis hallii atra Lindl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1510: 8, 11. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis hallii var.hallii



Stelis hallii var. hallii 

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 194; 1510: 10; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: forests. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 37004* (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Stelis hallii var.minor C. Schweinf.



Stelis hallii var. minor C. Schweinf.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 194. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 37004* 
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Stelis herzogii Schltr.


Stelis herzogii Schltr. = Stelis aprica Lindl.

Reference: FP 1438: 196; 1510: 8, 11. 


$


 Stelis hirta Lindl.



Stelis hirta Lindl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 196. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis huancabambae Kraenzl.


Stelis huancabambae Kraenzl. = Stelis purpurea (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd.

Reference: FP 1438: 207. 


$


 Stelis huebneri Schltr.


Stelis huebneri Schltr. = Stelis argentata Lindl.

Reference: FP 1438: 189. 


$


 Stelis hylophila Rchb. f.



Stelis hylophila Rchb. f.

Synonyms: Stelis hylophila C. Schweinf., Stelis hylophila Schltr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 196; 1510: 11, 14; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis insignis Ames


Stelis insignis Ames = Stelis oblonga (R. & P.) Willd.

Reference: FP 1438: 192; 1510: 11, 13. 


$


 Stelis intermedia Poepp. & Endl.



Stelis intermedia Poepp. & Endl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 197; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean I-II: forests. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 1579* 
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Stelis inversa Schltr.


Stelis inversa Schltr. = Stelis brevilabris Lindl.

Reference: FP 1438: 197; 1510: 9, 11. 


$


 Stelis jamesonii var.parviflora Garay



Stelis jamesonii var. parviflora Garay

Synonyms: Stelis jamesonii parviflora Rchb. f.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1510: 10, 11, 13. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis juninensis Kraenzl.



Stelis juninensis Kraenzl.

$


 Stelis juninensis var.juninensis



Stelis juninensis var. juninensis 

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 198; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis koehleri Schltr.



Stelis koehleri Schltr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 198; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean I-II: forests, rocky slopes. 1000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Kohler s.n.* 
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Stelis lamellata Lindl.



Stelis lamellata Lindl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1510: 11; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis lancea Lindl.



Stelis lancea Lindl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 199; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis lanceolata (R. & P.) Willd.



Stelis lanceolata (R. & P.) Willd.

Synonyms: Stelis lanceolata Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 199; 1510: 12; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis lancilabris Rchb. f.


Stelis lancilabris Rchb. f. = Platystele lancilabris (Rchb. f.) Schltr.

Reference: Luer, pers. comm.. 
Note: NN  


$


 Stelis lentiginosa Lindl.



Stelis lentiginosa Lindl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1510: 12; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis leucopogon Rchb. f.


Stelis leucopogon Rchb. f. = Stelis argentata Lindl.

Reference: FP 1438: 199; 1510: 8, 12. 


$


 Stelis lindenii C. Schweinf.


Stelis lindenii C. Schweinf. = Stelis purdiei Lindl.

Reference: FP 1510: 12, 14. 


$


 Stelis lindenii Lindl.



Stelis lindenii Lindl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 201. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean I-II: riversides. 500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Mexia 8273 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Stelis lindleyana Cogn.



Stelis lindleyana Cogn.

Synonyms: Stelis lindleyana C. Schweinf.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 201; 1510: 12; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis lindleyana var. carnosior C. Schweinf.


Stelis lindleyana var. carnosior C. Schweinf. = Stelis lindleyana Cogn.

Reference: FP 1438: 174; 1510: 12. 


$


 Stelis lloensis Schltr.



Stelis lloensis Schltr.

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis lobata Rchb. f.



Stelis lobata Rchb. f.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 202; 1510: 10; Carnevalli, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis loxensis Lindl.



Stelis loxensis Lindl.

Synonyms: Stelis loxensis C. Schweinf.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1510: 10; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis macra Schltr.



Stelis macra Schltr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 202; 1510: 15; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis maxima Lindl.



Stelis maxima Lindl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1510: 12; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis megistantha Schltr.



Stelis megistantha Schltr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 203; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis melicoides Schltr.


Stelis melicoides Schltr. = Stelis elongata Kunth

Reference: FP 1438: 203; 1510: 10. 


$


 Stelis minuta C. Schweinf.



Stelis minuta C. Schweinf.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 203; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke s.n.* 
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Stelis mononeura Lindl.



Stelis mononeura Lindl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 204; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis muscifera Lindl.



Stelis muscifera Lindl.

Reference: Nakata, M., 1990: 158. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Nakata 5628 (TNS)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Stelis nana Lindl.



Stelis nana Lindl.

Synonyms: Stelis nana Mansf.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1510: 15; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis nanegalensis Lindl.



Stelis nanegalensis Lindl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1510: 13; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis nephropetala Schltr.



Stelis nephropetala Schltr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 204; 1510: 11, 13; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis oblonga (R. & P.) Willd.



Stelis oblonga (R. & P.) Willd.

Synonyms: Stelis oblonga Ames, Stelis oblonga Kunth, Stelis oblonga Ruiz & Pav., Stelis oblonga Schltr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 205; 1510: 10, 11, 13; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis ottonis Schltr.



Stelis ottonis Schltr.

Synonyms: Stelis ottonis Schltr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1510: 13. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis papaquerensis Rchb. f.


Stelis papaquerensis Rchb. f. = Stelis viridipurpurea Lindl.

Reference: FP 1510: 15. 


$


 Stelis pardipes Rchb. f.



Stelis pardipes Rchb. f.

Synonyms: Stelis pardipes (Rchb. f.) C. Schweinf.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 219; 1510: 13, 15; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis parviflora (R. & P.) Pers.



Stelis parviflora (R. & P.) Pers.

Synonyms: Stelis parviflora Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 205; 1510: 9; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis phaeantha Schltr.


Stelis phaeantha Schltr. = Stelis purpurea (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd.

Reference: FP 1438: 207. 


$


 Stelis phaeomelana Schltr.


Stelis phaeomelana Schltr. = Stelis ottonis Schltr.

Reference: FP 1438: 205; 1510: 13. 


$


 Stelis piestopus Schltr.


Stelis piestopus Schltr. = Stelis tricardium Lindl.

Reference: FP 1438: 205; 1510: 14, 15. 


$


 Stelis polycarpa Schltr.


Stelis polycarpa Schltr. = Stelis aviceps Lindl.

Reference: FP 1438: 206; 1510: 9, 14. 


$


 Stelis polystachya (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd.


Stelis polystachya (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd. = Braemia vittata (Lindl.) Jenny

Reference: FP 1438: 206. 


$


 Stelis punoensis C. Schweinf.



Stelis punoensis C. Schweinf.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 207. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis purdiei Lindl.



Stelis purdiei Lindl.

Synonyms: Stelis purdiei C. Schweinf.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1510: 12, 14; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis purpurascens A. Rich. & Galeotti



Stelis purpurascens A. Rich. & Galeotti

Synonyms: Stelis purpurascens Rchb. f.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1510: 14, 15; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis purpurea (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd.



Stelis purpurea (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd.

Synonyms: Stelis purpurea (R. & P.) Schltr., Stelis purpurea Kraenzl., Stelis purpurea Lindl., Stelis purpurea Lindl., Stelis purpurea Ruiz & Pav., Stelis purpurea Schltr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 207; 1510: 8, 9, 28; Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 178. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: cloud forests, rocky slopes. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Bennett 3528 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Stelis pusilla Kunth



Stelis pusilla Kunth

Synonyms: Stelis pusilla Lindl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1510: 8, 14; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis quinquenervia C. Schweinf.



Stelis quinquenervia C. Schweinf.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 209; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 2549* 
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Stelis recurvula Schltr.


Stelis recurvula Schltr. = Stelis hylophila Rchb. f.

Reference: FP 1438: 210; 1510: 14. 


$


 Stelis revoluta (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd.


Stelis revoluta (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd. = Pleurothallis revoluta (Ruiz & Pav.) Garay

Reference: FP 1438: 210; 1510: 28. 


$


 Stelis rhizomatosa Schltr.


Stelis rhizomatosa Schltr. = Stelis trichorrhachis Rchb. f.

Reference: FP 1438: 210; 1510: 15. 


$


 Stelis rhombilabia C. Schweinf.



Stelis rhombilabia C. Schweinf.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 211. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis rhomboglossa Schltr.



Stelis rhomboglossa Schltr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 211; Nakata, M., 1990: 158. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Nakata 5660 (TNS)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Stelis santiagoensis Mansf.



Stelis santiagoensis Mansf.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 211; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Tessmann 4363* 
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Stelis scansor Rchb. f.



Stelis scansor Rchb. f.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 213. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis serra Lindl.



Stelis serra Lindl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 213; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean II: shrublands. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Mathews 1836* 
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Stelis simacoensis Schltr.


Stelis simacoensis Schltr. = Stelis virens Schltr.

Reference: FP 1438: 214; 1510: 15. 


$


 Stelis spathulata Poepp. & Endl.



Stelis spathulata Poepp. & Endl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 214; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis spiralis (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.


Stelis spiralis (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. = Pleurothallis spiralis (Ruiz & Pav.) Lindl.

Reference: FP 1438: 215; 1467: 344. 


$


 Stelis stenophylla Rchb. f.



Stelis stenophylla Rchb. f.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 215; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis striolata Lindl.



Stelis striolata Lindl.

Synonyms: Stelis striolata C. Schweinf.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 215; 1510: 11; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis superbiens Lindl.



Stelis superbiens Lindl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1510: 8; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis tenuicaulis Lindl.



Stelis tenuicaulis Lindl.

Synonyms: Stelis tenuicaulis C. Schweinf., Stelis tenuicaulis C. Schweinf.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1510: 8, 10, 15; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis tessmannii Mansf.


Stelis tessmannii Mansf. = Stelis nana Lindl.

Reference: FP 1438: 216; 1510: 15. 


$


 Stelis thecoglossa Rchb. f.


Stelis thecoglossa Rchb. f. = Stelis purpurascens A. Rich. & Galeotti

Reference: FP 1438: 216; 1510: 15. 


$


 Stelis triangulisepala C. Schweinf.



Stelis triangulisepala C. Schweinf.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 217; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis tricardium Lindl.



Stelis tricardium Lindl.

Synonyms: Stelis tricardium Schltr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 217; 1510: 14, 15; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 5272 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Piura, Puno.


$


 Stelis trichorrhachis Rchb. f.



Stelis trichorrhachis Rchb. f.

Synonyms: Stelis trichorrhachis Schltr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1510: 15; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis triseta Lindl.


Stelis triseta Lindl. = Stelis biserrula Lindl.

Reference: FP 1438: 217; 1510: 9, 15. 


$


 Stelis triseta var. pardipes (Rchb. f.) C. Schweinf.


Stelis triseta var. pardipes (Rchb. f.) C. Schweinf. = Stelis pardipes Rchb. f.

Reference: FP 1438: 219; 1510: 13, 15. 


$


 Stelis truncata Lindl.


Stelis truncata Lindl. = Stelis purpurea (Ruiz & Pav.) Willd.

Reference: FP 1438: 207. 


$


 Stelis uninervia C. Schweinf.



Stelis uninervia C. Schweinf.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 219; 1510: 15. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 5200 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Stelis velutina Lindl.



Stelis velutina Lindl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 220. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis venezuelensis Foldats



Stelis venezuelensis Foldats

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis virens Schltr.



Stelis virens Schltr.

Synonyms: Stelis virens Schltr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1510: 15; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis viridipurpurea Lindl.



Stelis viridipurpurea Lindl.

Synonyms: Stelis viridipurpurea Rchb. f.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 220; 1510: 15; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis vulcani Rchb. f.



Stelis vulcani Rchb. f.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1510: 15; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis vulcanica Schltr.



Stelis vulcanica Schltr.

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stelis weberbaueri Schltr.



Stelis weberbaueri Schltr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 222; 1510: 16; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stellaria aphananthoidea Muschl.



Stellaria aphananthoidea Muschl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1267: 592. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: disturbed areas. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 133* (B)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Stellaria ciliata M. Vahl ex Persoon


Stellaria ciliata M. Vahl ex Persoon = Stellaria nemorum L.

Reference: FP 1267: 592. 


$


 Stellaria cuspidata Willd. ex Schltr.



Stellaria cuspidata Willd. ex Schltr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1267: 592; Cano, A. & N. Valencia, 1991: 60. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I-III, Coastal: disturbed areas, lomas, rocky slopes, shrublands. 0-4000 m. 
Voucher: Smith et al. 11925 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Lima, La Libertad, Loreto, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Stellaria laevis (Bartl.) Rohrbach



Stellaria laevis (Bartl.) Rohrbach

Synonyms: Stellaria laevis Bartl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1267: 609. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Note: This taxon may be better placed in Pycnophyllum.  
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n. 
Departments: Lima.


$


 Stellaria lanuginosa (Michx.) Torr. & A. Gray


Stellaria lanuginosa (Michx.) Torr. & A. Gray = Arenaria lanuginosa subsp. lanuginosa 

Reference: FP 1267: 600; Duke, J. A., 1961: 92. 


$


 Stellaria laxa Muschl.


Stellaria laxa Muschl. = Arenaria lanuginosa subsp. lanuginosa 

Reference: FP 1267: 600; Duke, J. A., 1961: 92. 


$


 Stellaria leptopetala Benth.


Stellaria leptopetala Benth. = Stellaria nemorum L.

Reference: FP 1267: 592. 


$


 Stellaria media (L.) Vill.



Stellaria media (L.) Vill.

Synonyms: Stellaria media L.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1267: 593; Cano, A. & N. Valencia, 1991: 60. 
Ecology: Native aquatic or terrestrial herb. Andean I-III, Coastal: grasslands, submerged. 0-4500 m. 
Note: Combining author given incorrectly as "Vill[ars]" in the Flora of Peru. The correct combining author is Cirillo. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 1909 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Lima.


$


 Stellaria nemorum L.



Stellaria nemorum L.

Synonyms: Stellaria nemorum Benth., Stellaria nemorum M. Vahl ex Persoon
Reference: Duke, J. A., 1961: 97. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I-III, Coastal: forests, lomas. 0-4000 m. 
Departments: Ancash, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Lima, Loreto, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Stellaria ovata Willd. ex Schltdl.



Stellaria ovata Willd. ex Schltdl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1267: 593; Duke, J. A., 1961: 98. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I-III, Coastal: cloud forests, disturbed areas, riversides, rocky slopes, shrublands. 0-4500 m. 
Voucher: S&aacute;nchez  4232 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Lima, La Libertad, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Stellaria poeppigiana Rohrbach



Stellaria poeppigiana Rohrbach

$


 Stellaria prostrata Baldwin



Stellaria prostrata Baldwin

Reference: Flora Peru: 1267: 592. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II, Coastal: lomas, rocky slopes. 0-3500 m. 
Note: @Mentioned in synonymy under S. cuspidata Willdenow ex Schlechtendal.  
Voucher: Knapp et al. 8346 (MO!)
Departments: Arequipa, Cajamarca, Lima.


$


 Stellaria serpyllifolia Willd. ex Schltr.



Stellaria serpyllifolia Willd. ex Schltr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1267: 594. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: grasslands, shrublands. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui et al. 12834 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Hu&aacute;nuco, Lambayeque.


$


 Stellaria xanthospora Chodat & Wilcz.



Stellaria xanthospora Chodat & Wilcz.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1267: 594. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stellilabium astroglossum (Rchb. f.) Schltr.



Stellilabium astroglossum (Rchb. f.) Schltr.

Synonyms: Stellilabium astroglossum Linden ex Bentham & Hooker f., Stellilabium astroglossum Rchb. f.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1484: 961; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Pastorelli illus.  


$


 Stellilabium pogonostalix (Rchb. f.) Garay & Dunst.



Stellilabium pogonostalix (Rchb. f.) Garay & Dunst.

Synonyms: Stellilabium pogonostalix L.O. Williams, Stellilabium pogonostalix Rchb. f.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1510: 78; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Stemmadenia obovata (Hook. & Arn.) K. Schum.



Stemmadenia obovata (Hook. & Arn.) K. Schum.

Synonyms: Stemmadenia obovata Benth., Stemmadenia obovata Hook. & Arn.
Reference: Allorge, L., 1985: 42. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Coastal: shrublands. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: D&iacute;az & V&aacute;squez 3052 (MO!)
Departments: Tumbes.


$


 Stemmadenia pubescens Benth.


Stemmadenia pubescens Benth. = Stemmadenia obovata (Hook. & Arn.) K. Schum.

Reference: Allorge, L., 1985: 42. 


$


 Stemmatella urticifolia var. eglandulosa Hieron.


Stemmatella urticifolia var. eglandulosa Hieron. = Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Hieronymus, G., 1905: 487; Canne, J. M., 1977: 355. 


$


 Stemodia angulata Oerst.



Stemodia angulata Oerst.

$


 Stemodia arenaria Kunth


Stemodia arenaria Kunth = Stemodia verticillata (Mill.) Hassl.

Reference: FP 1361: 709; Holmgren, N. H. & U. Molau, 1984: 23. 


$


 Stemodia chodati Minod



Stemodia chodati Minod

Reference: Flora Peru: 1361: 707. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stemodia durantifolia (L.) Sw.



Stemodia durantifolia (L.) Sw.

Synonyms: Stemodia durantifolia (L.) Kuntze, Stemodia durantifolia (P. Br.) Minod, Stemodia durantifolia L., Stemodia durantifolia P. Br., Stemodia durantifolia Spreng.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1361: 708. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui 10924 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Piura.


$


 Stemodia erecta (P. Br.) Minod


Stemodia erecta (P. Br.) Minod = Stemodia durantifolia (L.) Sw.

Reference: FP 1361: 708. 


$


 Stemodia frutescens Reicheb.


Stemodia frutescens Reicheb. = Stemodia suffruticosa Kunth

Reference: FP 1361: 710. 


$


 Stemodia fruticosa Lundell



Stemodia fruticosa Lundell

$


 Stemodia neglecta Minod


Stemodia neglecta Minod = Stemodia verticillata (Mill.) Hassl.

Reference: FP 1361: 709; Holmgren, N. H. & U. Molau, 1984: 23. 


$


 Stemodia parviflora Ait. f.


Stemodia parviflora Ait. f. = Stemodia verticillata (Mill.) Hassl.

Reference: FP 1361: 709; Holmgren, N. H. & U. Molau, 1984: 23. 


$


 Stemodia piurensis Pennell



Stemodia piurensis Pennell

Reference: Flora Peru: 1361: 710. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stemodia suffruticosa fo. dentata Minod


Stemodia suffruticosa fo. dentata Minod = Stemodia suffruticosa Kunth

Reference: FP 1361: 710. 


$


 Stemodia suffruticosa Kunth



Stemodia suffruticosa Kunth

Synonyms: Stemodia suffruticosa (Kunth) Kuntze, Stemodia suffruticosa (Kunth) Steud., Stemodia suffruticosa (Minod) Pennell, Stemodia suffruticosa Minod, Stemodia suffruticosa Reicheb., Stemodia suffruticosa Steud.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1361: 710. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stemodia verticillata (Mill.) Hassl.



Stemodia verticillata (Mill.) Hassl.

Synonyms: Stemodia verticillata (Mill.) Kuntze, Stemodia verticillata Ait. f., Stemodia verticillata Kunth, Stemodia verticillata Mill., Stemodia verticillata Minod, Stemodia verticillata Solander in Ait.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1361: 709; Holmgren, N. H. & U. Molau, 1984: 23. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Barbour 5276 (MO!)
Departments: Madre de Dios.


$


 Stemodiacra durantifolia (L.) Kuntze


Stemodiacra durantifolia (L.) Kuntze = Stemodia durantifolia (L.) Sw.

Reference: FP 1361: 708. 


$


 Stemodiacra suffruticosa (Kunth) Kuntze


Stemodiacra suffruticosa (Kunth) Kuntze = Stemodia suffruticosa Kunth

Reference: FP 1361: 710. 


$


 Stemodiacra verticillata (Mill.) Kuntze


Stemodiacra verticillata (Mill.) Kuntze = Stemodia verticillata (Mill.) Hassl.

Reference: FP 1361: 709; Holmgren, N. H. & U. Molau, 1984: 23. 


$


 Stenandrium dulce (Cav.) Nees



Stenandrium dulce (Cav.) Nees

Synonyms: Stenandrium dulce Cav.
Reference: Leonard, E.C., 1953: 125. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, forests. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Dillon et al. 2737 (US!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, La Libertad, Puno.


$


 Stenia bismarckii Dodson & Bennett



Stenia bismarckii Dodson & Bennett

Reference: Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 179. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean II: forests. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Bennett & Vargas 3831* (MO!), von Bismarck & Vargas s.n. (MO!)
Departments: Pasco.


$


 Stenia calceolaris (Garay) Dodson & Bennett



Stenia calceolaris (Garay) Dodson & Bennett

Synonyms: Stenia calceolaris Garay
Reference: Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 180. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean II: cloud forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 6815 (UC!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Stenia caudata (Ackerman) Dodson & Bennett



Stenia caudata (Ackerman) Dodson & Bennett

Synonyms: Stenia caudata Ackerman
Reference: Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 181. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Bennett 4215 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Stenia fimbriata Linden & Reichenbach f.


Stenia fimbriata Linden & Reichenbach f. = Chondrorhyncha fimbriata (Linden & Reichenbach f.) Rchb. f.

Reference: FP 1473: 665; Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 27. 


$


 Stenia guttata Rchb. f.



Stenia guttata Rchb. f.

Synonyms: Stenia guttata (Rchb. f.) Garay
Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 664; 1510: 57; Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 182. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. Andean II: cloud forests. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 5253 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Pasco.


$


 Stenia jarae Bennett



Stenia jarae Bennett

Reference: Bennett Jr., D. E., 1992: 80. 
Ecology. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Bennett 4711-3* (USM), Bennett 4711-2 (USM)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Stenia pallida Lindl.



Stenia pallida Lindl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 664; 1510: 58; Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 183. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Bennett & Bennett 1793 (AMES)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Stenia pastorellii Bennett



Stenia pastorellii Bennett

Reference: Bennett Jr., D. E., 1992: 83; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Bennett 4879* (USM)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Stenocalyx involutus Turcz.


Stenocalyx involutus Turcz. = Mezia includens (Benth.) Cuatrec.

Reference: FP 665: 811; Cuatrecasas, J., 1958: 450; Anderson, W. R., 1981: 233. 


$


 Stenocalyx patrisii (Vahl) O. Berg


Stenocalyx patrisii (Vahl) O. Berg = Eugenia patrisii Vahl

Reference: FP 760: 719; McVaugh, R., 1969: 200. 


$


 Stenocereus peruvianus (Miller) R. Kiesling


Stenocereus peruvianus (Miller) R. Kiesling = Cereus repandus (L.) J.S. Mill.

Reference: Kiesling, R., 1982: 446; Hunt, D., 1992: 132. 
Note: NN  


$


 Stenocoryne longicornis (Lindl.) Lindl.



Stenocoryne longicornis (Lindl.) Lindl.

Synonyms: Stenocoryne longicornis Barb. Rodr., Stenocoryne longicornis Lindl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 638; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Amazonian: forests on white sand. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry 56251 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Stenolobium arequipense Sprague


Stenolobium arequipense Sprague = Tecoma arequipensis (Sprague) Sandwith

Reference: FP 1362: 79; Gentry, A. H., 1992: 275. 


$


 Stenolobium caeruleum Benth.


Stenolobium caeruleum Benth. = Calopogonium caeruleum (Benth.) Sauvalle

Reference: FP 21: 336; Carvalho-Okano, R. M. de & H. de H. Leitao Filho, 1985: 35; Lewis, G. P., 1987: 266. 


$


 Stenolobium castanifolium D. Don


Stenolobium castanifolium D. Don = Tecoma castanifolia (D. Don) Melch.

Reference: FP 1362: 80; Gentry, A. H., 1992: 278. 


$


 Stenolobium cochabambense Herzog


Stenolobium cochabambense Herzog = Tecoma cochabambensis (Herzog) Sandwith

Reference: FP 1362: 81; Gentry, A. H., 1992: 279. 
Note: NN  


$


 Stenolobium fulvum (Cav.) Sprague


Stenolobium fulvum (Cav.) Sprague = Tecoma fulva (Cav.) G. Don

Reference: FP 1362: 81; Gentry, A. H., 1992: 279. 


$


 Stenolobium galactioides (Kunth) Benth.


Stenolobium galactioides (Kunth) Benth. = Calopogonium galactioides (Kunth) Benth. ex Hemsl.

$


 Stenolobium huancabambae Kranzlin


Stenolobium huancabambae Kranzlin = Tecoma rosifolia Kunth

Reference: FP 1362: 82; Gentry, A. H., 1992: 283. 


$


 Stenolobium sambucifolium (Kunth) Seem.


Stenolobium sambucifolium (Kunth) Seem. = Tecoma sambucifolia Kunth

Reference: FP 1362: 83; Gentry, A. H., 1992: 284. 


$


 Stenolobium stans (L.) Seem.


Stenolobium stans (L.) Seem. = Tecoma stans (L.) Jussieu ex Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth var. stans 

Reference: FP 1362: 84; Gentry, A. H., 1992: 285. 


$


 Stenolobium stans var. castanifolium (D. Don) Seem.


Stenolobium stans var. castanifolium (D. Don) Seem. = Tecoma castanifolia (D. Don) Melch.

Reference: FP 1362: 80; Gentry, A. H., 1992: 278. 


$


 Stenolobium tanaeciiflorum Kranzlin


Stenolobium tanaeciiflorum Kranzlin = Tecoma tanaeciiflora (Kranzlin) Sandwith

Reference: FP 1362: 85; Gentry, A. H., 1992: 290. 


$


 Stenolobium weberbauerianum Kranzlin


Stenolobium weberbauerianum Kranzlin = Tecoma weberbaueriana (Kranzlin) Melch.

Reference: FP 1362: 85; Gentry, A. H., 1992: 292. 


$


 Stenomeria decalepis Turcz.



Stenomeria decalepis Turcz.

Synonyms: Stenomeria decalepis E. Fourn.
Reference: Morillo, G., 1990: 83. 
Ecology: Native vine. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 7504 (MO)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Stenomeria fosteri Morillo



Stenomeria fosteri Morillo

Reference: Morillo, G., 1990: 85. 
Ecology: Endemic vine. Region uncertain: forests. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Foster 2705* (F)
Departments: Madre de Dios.


$


 Stenomeria pentalepis Turcz.



Stenomeria pentalepis Turcz.

Reference: Morillo, G., 1990: 87. 
Ecology: Native vine. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 2628 (MO!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Stenomesson acaule Kraenzl.


Stenomesson acaule Kraenzl. = Stenomesson humile (Herbert) Baker

Reference: FP 1190: 680. 


$


 Stenomesson aurantiacum (Kunth) Herb.



Stenomesson aurantiacum (Kunth) Herb.

Synonyms: Stenomesson aurantiacum Baker, Stenomesson aurantiacum Kunth, Stenomesson aurantiacum Lindl., Stenomesson aurantiacum Roezl ex Wallace
Reference: Flora Peru: 1190: 678; Ravenna, P., 1971: 83; Meerow, A. W., 1990: 30. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: disturbed areas. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 6582 (F!, USM!)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, La Libertad, Piura.


$


 Stenomesson breviflorum Herbert



Stenomesson breviflorum Herbert

Synonyms: Stenomesson breviflorum Traub
Reference: Ravenna, P., 1971: 79. 
Ecology: Cultivated herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Maclean s.n.* (K), Ferreyra 3777 (USM!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Lima.


$


 Stenomesson callacallense Ravenna



Stenomesson callacallense Ravenna

Reference: Ravenna, P., 1974: 76. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: grasslands, rocky slopes. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stequi s.n. (HUT)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Stenomesson campanulatum Meerow



Stenomesson campanulatum  Meerow

Synonyms: Stenomesson campanulatum  Ravenna
Reference: Meerow, A. W., 1987: 307. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Ravenna 3070* (Hb. Ravenna), L&oacute;pez & Sag&aacute;stegui 6247 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, La Libertad.


$


 Stenomesson campodense Ravenna



Stenomesson campodense Ravenna

Reference: Ravenna, P., 1971: 75. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Ravenna 103* (Hb. Ravenna), L&oacute;pez 1514 (HUT)
Departments: Cajamarca, La Libertad.


$


 Stenomesson caracense Ravenna



Stenomesson caracense Ravenna

Reference: Ravenna, P., 1974: 76. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Colaris 1340* (U)
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Stenomesson coccineum (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) Herbert



Stenomesson coccineum (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) Herbert

Synonyms: Stenomesson coccineum (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) Herbert, Stenomesson coccineum Herbert, Stenomesson coccineum Herbert, Stenomesson coccineum Herbert, Stenomesson coccineum Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1190: 679; Ravenna, P., 1971: 79. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean I-II, Coastal: forests, lomas, rocky slopes. 0-3000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 1227 (F!)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima.


$


 Stenomesson croceum (Savigny) Herbert



Stenomesson croceum (Savigny) Herbert

Synonyms: Stenomesson croceum Kunth, Stenomesson croceum Savigny
Reference: Flora Peru: 1190: 679. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stenomesson curvidentatum Herbert


Stenomesson curvidentatum Herbert = Stenomesson pauciflorum var. curvidentatum (Herbert) J.F. Macbr.

Reference: FP 1190: 681. 


$


 Stenomesson elwesii (Baker) J.F. Macbr.



Stenomesson elwesii (Baker) J.F. Macbr.

Synonyms: Stenomesson elwesii (Baker) Baker, Stenomesson elwesii Baker
Reference: Flora Peru: 1190: 679. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   Known only from cultivation, based on material obtained from Peru. 


$


 Stenomesson ferreyrae Traub


Stenomesson ferreyrae Traub = Stenomesson recurvatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Baker

Reference: Traub, H. P., 1950: 95; Ravenna, P., 1978: 75. 


$


 Stenomesson flammidum Ravenna



Stenomesson flammidum Ravenna

Reference: Ravenna, P., 1971: 76. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: grasslands. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ravenna 902* (Hb. Ravenna), L&oacute;pez & Sag&aacute;stegui s.n. (HUT)
Departments: Cajamarca, La Libertad.


$


 Stenomesson flavum (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) Herbert



Stenomesson flavum (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) Herbert

Synonyms: Stenomesson flavum (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) Ker Gawler, Stenomesson flavum Herbert, Stenomesson flavum Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1190: 679, 680; Ravenna, P., 1971: 81. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Coastal: lomas, rocky slopes. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Soukup 1437* (SI), Ferreyra 14039 (USM!)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Stenomesson fulvum (Herbert) Ravenna



Stenomesson fulvum (Herbert) Ravenna

Synonyms: Stenomesson fulvum Herbert
Reference: Ravenna, P., 1971: 79. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Voucher: Soukup s.n.* (BA)
Departments: Puno.


$


 Stenomesson gasteroides Ravenna



Stenomesson gasteroides Ravenna

$


 Stenomesson glareosum Ravenna



Stenomesson glareosum Ravenna

Reference: Ravenna, P., 1971: 73. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ravenna 288* (Hb. Ravenna)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Stenomesson hartwegii Lindl.


Stenomesson hartwegii Lindl. = Stenomesson aurantiacum (Kunth) Herb.

Reference: FP 1190: 678; Ravenna, P., 1971: 83. 


$


 Stenomesson humile (Herbert) Baker



Stenomesson humile (Herbert) Baker

Synonyms: Stenomesson humile (Herbert) Herbert, Stenomesson humile Herbert, Stenomesson humile Kraenzl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1190: 680; Ravenna, P., 1971: 84. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: grasslands, rocky slopes. 2500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Stafford 1127 (F!)
Departments: Ancash, Cuzco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Puno.


$


 Stenomesson imasumacc Vargas



Stenomesson imasumacc Vargas

Reference: Vargas C., C., 1969: 38. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Vargas C. 14075* (CUZ)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Stenomesson incarnatum (Kunth) Baker



Stenomesson incarnatum (Kunth) Baker

Synonyms: Stenomesson incarnatum (Herbert) Ravenna, Stenomesson incarnatum (La Llave & Lexarza) Herbert, Stenomesson incarnatum Herbert, Stenomesson incarnatum Herbert, Stenomesson incarnatum Kunth, Stenomesson incarnatum La Llave & Lexarza
Reference: Flora Peru: 1190: 682; Meerow, A. W., 1990: 28. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: cloud forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 61537 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Stenomesson incarum Kraenzl.



Stenomesson incarum Kraenzl.

Synonyms: Stenomesson incarum Lindl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1190: 680. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II: grasslands. 500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Herrera 197 (F!)
Departments: Arequipa, Cajamarca, Cuzco.


$


 Stenomesson latifolium Herbert


Stenomesson latifolium Herbert = Stenomesson flavum (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) Herbert

Reference: FP 1190: 680; Ravenna, P., 1971: 81. 


$


 Stenomesson longifolium Kraenzl.


Stenomesson longifolium Kraenzl. = Stenomesson recurvatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Baker

Reference: FP 1190: 681; Ravenna, P., 1978: 75. 


$


 Stenomesson luteum (Herbert) Baker



Stenomesson luteum (Herbert) Baker

Synonyms: Stenomesson luteum (Herbert) Herbert, Stenomesson luteum (Herbert) Herbert, Stenomesson luteum Herbert
Reference: Flora Peru: 1190: 681. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ruiz s.n.* 


$


 Stenomesson macleanicum (Herbert) J.F. Macbr.



Stenomesson macleanicum (Herbert) J.F. Macbr.

Synonyms: Stenomesson macleanicum (Herbert) Herbert, Stenomesson macleanicum Herbert
Reference: Flora Peru: 1190: 681. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Maclean s.n.* 
Departments: Lima.


$


 Stenomesson microstephium Ravenna



Stenomesson microstephium Ravenna

Reference: Ravenna, P., 1978: 76. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ravenna 2096* (Hb. Ravenna), Hutchison & Krahn 4972 (USM!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Stenomesson miniatum (Herbert) Ravenna



Stenomesson miniatum (Herbert) Ravenna

Synonyms: Stenomesson miniatum (C. Presl) J.F. Macbr., Stenomesson miniatum (Herbert) Benth. & Hook. f., Stenomesson miniatum C. Presl, Stenomesson miniatum Herbert, Stenomesson miniatum Herbert, Stenomesson miniatum Herbert, Stenomesson miniatum Link, Klotzsch & Otto
Reference: Ravenna, P., 1978: 69. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: D&iacute;az 2038 (MO!)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Pasco.


$


 Stenomesson mirabilis Ravenna



Stenomesson mirabilis Ravenna

Reference: Ravenna, P., 1971: 78. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui s.n.* (HUT)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Stenomesson moldenkei Traub



Stenomesson moldenkei Traub

$


 Stenomesson morrisonii Vargas


Stenomesson morrisonii Vargas = Ismene morrisonii (Vargas) Gereau & Meerow

Reference: Vargas C., C., 1943: 132; Gereau, R. E., A. W. Meerow, & L. Brako, 1993: 29. 


$


 Stenomesson parvulum Ravenna



Stenomesson parvulum Ravenna

$


 Stenomesson pauciflorum (Lindl. ex Hook.) Herbert



Stenomesson pauciflorum (Lindl. ex Hook.) Herbert

$


 Stenomesson pauciflorum var.curvidentatum (Herbert) J.F. Macbr.



Stenomesson pauciflorum var. curvidentatum (Herbert) J.F. Macbr.

Synonyms: Stenomesson pauciflorum curvidentatum Herbert
Reference: Flora Peru: 1190: 681. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 6239 (USM!)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Stenomesson pauciflorum var.pauciflorum



Stenomesson pauciflorum var. pauciflorum 

Synonyms: Stenomesson pauciflorum pauciflorum Lindl. ex Hook.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1190: 681. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   Introduced into cultivation from material collected originally in Peru by Cowan in 1824, and apparently not recollected. 


$


 Stenomesson pearcei Baker



Stenomesson pearcei Baker

Reference: Flora Peru: 1190: 682. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I-II: rocky slopes. 0-3000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 1227 (F!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Puno.


$


 Stenomesson peruvianum Traub


Stenomesson peruvianum Traub = Stenomesson breviflorum Herbert

Reference: Ravenna, P., 1978: 74. 


$


 Stenomesson recurvatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Baker



Stenomesson recurvatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Baker

Synonyms: Stenomesson recurvatum (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) Herbert, Stenomesson recurvatum (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) Herbert, Stenomesson recurvatum Herbert, Stenomesson recurvatum Herbert, Stenomesson recurvatum Herbert, Stenomesson recurvatum Herbert, Stenomesson recurvatum Kraenzl., Stenomesson recurvatum Ruiz & Pav., Stenomesson recurvatum Traub
Reference: Flora Peru: 1190: 682; Ravenna, P., 1978: 75. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: grasslands. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: King et al. 113 (F!)
Departments: Arequipa, Cuzco, Lima.


$


 Stenomesson rubrum Herbert


Stenomesson rubrum Herbert = Stenomesson coccineum (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) Herbert

Reference: FP 1190: 679. 


$


 Stenomesson ruizianum Kunth


Stenomesson ruizianum Kunth = Stenomesson croceum (Savigny) Herbert

Reference: FP 1190: 679; Ravenna, P., 1971: 81. 


$


 Stenomesson splendens (Herbert) Ravenna


Stenomesson splendens (Herbert) Ravenna = Stenomesson incarnatum (Kunth) Baker

Reference: Ravenna, P., 1978: 71; Meerow, A. W., 1990: 30. 


$


 Stenomesson sunchubambae Ravenna



Stenomesson sunchubambae Ravenna

$


 Stenomesson suspensum Baker


Stenomesson suspensum Baker = Stenomesson aurantiacum (Kunth) Herb.

Reference: FP 1190: 682; Ravenna, P., 1971: 83; Meerow, A. W., 1990: 31. 


$


 Stenomesson variegatum (Ruiz & Pav.) J.F. Macbr.



Stenomesson variegatum (Ruiz & Pav.) J.F. Macbr.

Synonyms: Stenomesson variegatum (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) Herbert, Stenomesson variegatum Herbert, Stenomesson variegatum Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1190: 682; Meerow, A. W., 1990: 30. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II-III: grasslands, rocky slopes. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Stein & Todzia 2044 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Lambayeque, Puno.


$


 Stenomesson viridiflorum (Ruiz & Pav.) Benth. & Hook. f.



Stenomesson viridiflorum (Ruiz & Pav.) Benth. & Hook. f.

Synonyms: Stenomesson viridiflorum (Herbert) J.F. Macbr., Stenomesson viridiflorum (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) Herbert, Stenomesson viridiflorum Herbert, Stenomesson viridiflorum Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1190: 683. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stenomesson viridiflorum var. angustifolium (Herbert) J.F. Macbr.


Stenomesson viridiflorum var. angustifolium (Herbert) J.F. Macbr. = Stenomesson viridiflorum (Ruiz & Pav.) Benth. & Hook. f.

Reference: FP 1190: 683. 


$


 Stenomesson viridiflorum var. elwesii (Baker) Baker


Stenomesson viridiflorum var. elwesii (Baker) Baker = Stenomesson elwesii (Baker) J.F. Macbr.

Reference: FP 1190: 679. 


$


 Stenomesson vitellinum Lindl.



Stenomesson vitellinum Lindl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1190: 683. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stenophyllus arenarius (Nees) J.F. Macbr.


Stenophyllus arenarius (Nees) J.F. Macbr. = Bulbostylis juncoides var. juncoides 

Reference: FP 735: 283; Kral, R., 1971: 93. 


$


 Stenophyllus capillaris (L.) Britton


Stenophyllus capillaris (L.) Britton = Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) C.B. Clarke

Reference: FP 735: 283; Kral, R., 1971: 98. 


$


 Stenophyllus capillaris var. coarctatus (Elliott) Britton


Stenophyllus capillaris var. coarctatus (Elliott) Britton = Bulbostylis ciliatifolia var. coarctata (Ell.) Kral

Reference: FP 735: 284. 


$


 Stenophyllus eucapillaris fo. ciliata (J. Presl & C. Presl) H. Pfeiff.


Stenophyllus eucapillaris  fo. ciliata (J. Presl & C. Presl) H. Pfeiff. = Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) C.B. Clarke

Reference: FP 735: 283; Kral, R., 1971: 98. 


$


 Stenophyllus eucapillaris fo. coarctata (Elliott) H. Pfeiff.


Stenophyllus eucapillaris  fo. coarctata (Elliott) H. Pfeiff. = Bulbostylis ciliatifolia var. coarctata (Ell.) Kral

Reference: FP 735: 284. 


$


 Stenophyllus fimbriatus (Nees) Britton


Stenophyllus fimbriatus (Nees) Britton = Bulbostylis barbata (Rottb.) C.B. Clarke

Reference: FP 735: 284; Davidse, pers. comm.. 


$


 Stenophyllus hirtellus (Schrad. ex Schult.) H. Pfeiff.


Stenophyllus hirtellus (Schrad. ex Schult.) H. Pfeiff. = Bulbostylis juncoides var. juncoides 

Reference: FP 735: 284; Davidse, pers. comm.. 


$


 Stenophyllus junciformis (Kunth) Britton


Stenophyllus junciformis (Kunth) Britton = Bulbostylis junciformis (Kunth) C.B. Clarke

Reference: FP 735: 284. 


$


 Stenophyllus scaber (J. Presl & C. Presl) H. Pfeiff.


Stenophyllus scaber (J. Presl & C. Presl) H. Pfeiff. = Bulbostylis scabra (J. Presl & C. Presl) C.B. Clarke

Reference: FP 735: 285. 


$


 Stenophyllus tenuifolius (Rudge) Britton


Stenophyllus tenuifolius (Rudge) Britton = Bulbostylis tenuifolia (Rudge) J.F. Macbr.

Reference: FP 735: 285. 


$


 Stenophyllus tenuifolius var. latesquamatus H. Pfeiff.


Stenophyllus tenuifolius var. latesquamatus H. Pfeiff. = Bulbostylis juncoides var. juncoides 

Reference: FP 735: 283; Davidse, pers. comm.. 


$


 Stenoptera acuta Lindl.



Stenoptera acuta Lindl.

Synonyms: Stenoptera acuta Schltr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 85; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Metcalf 30438 (MO!)
Departments: Puno.


$


 Stenoptera ananassocomos Rchb. f.


Stenoptera ananassocomos Rchb. f. = Eurystyles ananassocomos (Rchb. f.) Schltr.

Reference: FP 1438: 85; Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Stenoptera cardinalis Lindl.


Stenoptera cardinalis Lindl. = Porphyrostachys pilifera (Kunth) Rchb. f.

Reference: FP 1438: 91; Garay, L. A., 1978: 173; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Stenoptera ciliaris C. Schweinf.



Stenoptera ciliaris C. Schweinf.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 86; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean I-II: forests. 500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 22521* , Hutchison & Wright 5221 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Cuzco.


$


 Stenoptera costaricensis Schltr.


Stenoptera costaricensis Schltr. = Gomphichis costaricensis (Schltr.) Ames, F.T. Hubb. & C. Schweinf.

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: NN  


$


 Stenoptera elata Schltr.


Stenoptera elata Schltr. = Stenoptera acuta Lindl.

Reference: FP 1438: 85; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Stenoptera goodyeroides (Lindl.) Rchb. f.


Stenoptera goodyeroides (Lindl.) Rchb. f. = Gomphichis goodyeroides Lindl.

Reference: FP 1438: 79; Garay, L. A., 1978: 149; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Stenoptera laxiflora C. Schweinf.



Stenoptera laxiflora C. Schweinf.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 86; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean I: forests. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 5126* 
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Stenoptera leimebambae Hashimoto


Stenoptera leimebambae Hashimoto = Stenoptera peruviana C. Presl

Reference: Garay, L. A., 1978: 154; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Stenoptera macbridei (C. Schweinf.) L.O. Williams


Stenoptera macbridei (C. Schweinf.) L.O. Williams = Gomphichis macbridei C. Schweinf.

Reference: Garay, L. A., 1978: 150; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Stenoptera macrostachya (Poepp. & Endl.) Rchb. f.


Stenoptera macrostachya (Poepp. & Endl.) Rchb. f. = Stenoptera peruviana C. Presl

Reference: FP 1438: 91; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Stenoptera montana C. Schweinf.



Stenoptera montana C. Schweinf.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 88; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   
Voucher: Macbride 3357* 
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Stenoptera parviflora (C. Schweinf.) C. Schweinf.


Stenoptera parviflora (C. Schweinf.) C. Schweinf. = Porphyrostachys parviflora (C. Schweinf.) Garay

Reference: FP 1510: 4; Garay, L. A., 1978: 1; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Stenoptera peruviana C. Presl



Stenoptera peruviana C. Presl

Synonyms: Stenoptera peruviana (Poepp. & Endl.) Kuntze, Stenoptera peruviana (Poepp. & Endl.) Rchb. f., Stenoptera peruviana Hashimoto, Stenoptera peruviana Poepp. & Endl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 91; Garay, L. A., 1978: 154; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Haenke s.n.* (PR), Hutchison & Bennett 4528 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto.


$


 Stenoptera pilifera (Kunth) C. Schweinf.


Stenoptera pilifera (Kunth) C. Schweinf. = Porphyrostachys pilifera (Kunth) Rchb. f.

Reference: FP 1438: 91; Garay, L. A., 1978: 173; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Stenoptera pilifera var. parviflora C. Schweinf.


Stenoptera pilifera var. parviflora C. Schweinf. = Porphyrostachys parviflora (C. Schweinf.) Garay

Reference: FP 1438: 92; 1510: 4; Garay, L. A., 1978: 1; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Stenoptera plantaginea Schltr.


Stenoptera plantaginea Schltr. = Gomphichis plantaginifolia C. Schweinf.

Reference: FP 1438: 83; Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Stenoptera roehlii Schnee


Stenoptera roehlii Schnee = Eurystyles cotyledon Wawra

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Stenoptera valida (Rchb. f.) Schltr.


Stenoptera valida (Rchb. f.) Schltr. = Gomphichis valida Rchb. f.

Reference: Garay, L. A., 1978: 153; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Stenoptera viscosa Rchb. f.


Stenoptera viscosa Rchb. f. = Gomphichis viscosa (Rchb. f.) Schltr.

Reference: FP 1438: 83; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Stenorrhynchos cernuus Lindl.


Stenorrhynchos cernuus Lindl. = Coccineorchis cernua (Lindl.) Garay

Reference: Garay, L. A., 1978: 237; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Stenorrhynchos esmeraldae (Linden & Rchb. f.) Cogn.


Stenorrhynchos esmeraldae (Linden & Rchb. f.) Cogn. = Mesadenella cuspidata (Lindl.) Garay

Reference: FP 1438: 138; Garay, L. A., 1978: 238; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Stenorrhynchos lanceolatum (Aubl.) Rich. ex Spreng.



Stenorrhynchos lanceolatum (Aubl.) Rich. ex Spreng.

Synonyms: Stenorrhynchos lanceolatum (Aubl.) Garay, Stenorrhynchos lanceolatum (Aubl.) Le&oacute;n, Stenorrhynchos lanceolatum (Sw.) A. Rich., Stenorrhynchos lanceolatum (Sw.) Richard ex Sprengel, Stenorrhynchos lanceolatum (Swartz) Willd., Stenorrhynchos lanceolatum Aubl., Stenorrhynchos lanceolatum Sw.
Reference: Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests, riversides. 500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 7485 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Stenorrhynchos laxum Poepp. & Endl.


Stenorrhynchos laxum Poepp. & Endl. = Pelexia laxa (Poepp. & Endl.) Lindl.

Reference: FP 1438: 140; Garay, L. A., 1978: 250; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Stenorrhynchos orchioides (Sw.) Richard ex Sprengel


Stenorrhynchos orchioides (Sw.) Richard ex Sprengel = Stenorrhynchos lanceolatum (Aubl.) Rich. ex Spreng.

Reference: FP 1438: 142; 1510: 6; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Stenorrhynchos saltensis (Grisebach) Cogn.


Stenorrhynchos saltensis (Grisebach) Cogn. = ?  

Reference: FP 1438: 146; Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Stenorrhynchos speciosum (J. Gmelin) Rich. ex Spreng.



Stenorrhynchos speciosum (J. Gmelin) Rich. ex Spreng.

Synonyms: Stenorrhynchos speciosum (Bl.) N.E. Br., Stenorrhynchos speciosum (J. Gmelin) A. Rich., Stenorrhynchos speciosum (J. Gmelin) Jacq., Stenorrhynchos speciosum J. Gmelin, Stenorrhynchos speciosum N.E. Br.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 146; Garay, L. A., 1978: 243; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stenorrhynchos vaginatum (Kunth) Spreng.



Stenorrhynchos vaginatum (Kunth) Spreng.

Synonyms: Stenorrhynchos vaginatum (Kunth) Kuntze, Stenorrhynchos vaginatum (Kunth) Lindl. ex B.D. Jacks., Stenorrhynchos vaginatum Kunth
Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 148; Garay, L. A., 1978: 244; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stenosolen heterophyllus (Vahl) Markgr.


Stenosolen heterophyllus (Vahl) Markgr. = Tabernaemontana heterophylla Vahl

Reference: FP 1343: 404; Leeuwenberg, A. J. M., 1988: 27. 


$


 Stenosolen stenolobus (M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Markgr.


Stenosolen stenolobus (M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Markgr. = Tabernaemontana stenoloba M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Reference: FP 1343: 410. 


$


 Stenosolen vanheurckii (M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Markgr.


Stenosolen vanheurckii (M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Markgr. = Tabernaemontana vanheurckii M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Reference: FP 1343: 412. 


$


 Stenospermation amomifolium (Poepp.) Schott



Stenospermation amomifolium (Poepp.) Schott

Synonyms: Stenospermation amomifolium (Poepp.) J.F. Macbr., Stenospermation amomifolium Poepp.
Reference: Flora Peru: 853: 432. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. . 
Voucher: Poeppig s.n.* (B), Croat 18343 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Madre de Dios.


$


 Stenospermation crassifolium Engl.



Stenospermation crassifolium Engl.

Synonyms: Stenospermation crassifolium (Engl.) J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 853: 432. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 3512* (B photo F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Stenospermation flavescens Engl.



Stenospermation flavescens Engl.

Synonyms: Stenospermation flavescens (Engl.) J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 853: 433. 
Ecology. 1500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 3506* (B), Schunke 9270 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Ucayali.


$


 Stenospermation gracile K. Krause



Stenospermation gracile K. Krause

Reference: Krause, K., 1940: 39. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Kujikat 382 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Stenospermation mathewsii Schott



Stenospermation mathewsii Schott

Synonyms: Stenospermation mathewsii (Schott) J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 853: 433. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Voucher: Mathews 52* (K)


$


 Stenospermation multiovulatum (Engl.) N.E. Br.



Stenospermation multiovulatum (Engl.) N.E. Br.

Synonyms: Stenospermation multiovulatum Engl.
Reference: Croat, T. B. & N. Lambert, 1986: 176. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Amazonian, Andean I: forests on white sand. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 10131 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Stenospermation spruceanum Schott



Stenospermation spruceanum Schott

Synonyms: Stenospermation spruceanum (Engl.) J.F. Macbr., Stenospermation spruceanum (Schott) J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 853: 434. 
Ecology: Native vine. Amazonian, Andean I: seasonally inundated areas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 4921 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Stenospermation spruceanum var. multiovulatum Engl.


Stenospermation spruceanum var. multiovulatum Engl. = Stenospermation multiovulatum (Engl.) N.E. Br.

Reference: Engler, A. and K. Krause, 1908: 88. 


$


 Stenospermation wallisii Mast.



Stenospermation wallisii Mast.

Reference: Engler, A. and K. Krause, 1908: 88. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II: forests. 500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Foster 8623 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Stenospermation weberbaueri Engl.



Stenospermation weberbaueri Engl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 853: 434; Engler, A. and K. Krause, 1908: 87. 
Ecology. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 3653* (MO!), Schunke 7299 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Stenostephanus lasiostachys Nees



Stenostephanus lasiostachys Nees

$


 Stenostephanus longistaminus (Ruiz & Pav.) V.M. Baum



Stenostephanus longistaminus (Ruiz & Pav.) V.M. Baum

Synonyms: Stenostephanus longistaminus Lindau, Stenostephanus longistaminus Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Baum, V. M., 1982: 433; Wasshausen, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean I: forests. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz s.n.* (MA photo F), Gentry et al. 23648 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Madre de Dios, Pasco.


$


 Stenostephanus thyrsoides Lindau


Stenostephanus thyrsoides Lindau = Stenostephanus longistaminus (Ruiz & Pav.) V.M. Baum

Reference: Lindau, G., 1914: 198; Wasshausen, pers. comm.. 


$


 Stenostomum paniculatum (Bartl. ex DC.) Poepp.


Stenostomum paniculatum (Bartl. ex DC.) Poepp. = Chomelia paniculata (Bartl. ex DC.) Steyerm.

Reference: FP 1365: 122; Steyermark, J. A., 1967: 341. 


$


 Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze



Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze

Synonyms: Stenotaphrum secundatum Walter
Reference: Tovar, O., 1981: 113. 
Ecology: Native herb. Coastal: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 17561 (USM)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Stephanophysum brevifolium Pohl


Stephanophysum brevifolium Pohl = Ruellia brevifolia (Pohl) C. Ezcurra

Reference: Ezcurra, C., 1989: 278. 


$


 Stephanophysum molle Nees


Stephanophysum molle Nees = Ruellia mollis (Nees) Lindau

$


 Stephanophysum quadrifarium Nees


Stephanophysum quadrifarium Nees = Ruellia glischrocalyx Lindau

Reference: Wasshausen, pers. comm.. 


$


 Stephanophysum ruizianum Nees


Stephanophysum ruizianum Nees = Ruellia ruiziana (Nees) Lindau

$


 Stephanopodium peruvianum Poepp.



Stephanopodium peruvianum Poepp.

Reference: Flora Peru: 672: 958; Prance, G. T., 1972: 43. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 1986* (W), V&aacute;squez et al. 6937 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Stephanotella killipii Woodson


Stephanotella killipii Woodson = Marsdenia rubrofusca E. Fourn.

Reference: Morillo, G., 1978: 55. 


$


 Stephanothelys soraria Garay


Stephanothelys soraria Garay = Erythrodes soraria (Garay) Dodson & R. V&aacute;squez

Reference: Dodson, C. H. & R. V&aacute;squez, 1989: 232; Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Sterculia acerifolia A. Cunn.


Sterculia acerifolia A. Cunn. = Brachychiton acerifolius (Cunn.) Macarthur

Reference: Guymer, G. P., 1988: 225. 


$


 Sterculia apeibophylla Ducke



Sterculia apeibophylla Ducke

Reference: Flora Peru: 1304: 665; Taylor, E. L., 1989: 385. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry 27715 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Sterculia apetala (Jacq.) H. Karst.



Sterculia apetala (Jacq.) H. Karst.

$


 Sterculia apetala var.apetala



Sterculia apetala var. apetala 

Synonyms: Sterculia apetala apetala Jacq.


$


 Sterculia apetala var.elata (Ducke) E. Taylor



Sterculia apetala var. elata (Ducke) E. Taylor

Synonyms: Sterculia apetala elata Ducke
Reference: Flora Peru: 1304: 664; Taylor, E. L., 1989: 183. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, riversides, swamps. 0-1000 m. 
Note: New status validated in Appendix 1.11  
Voucher: Schunke 3502 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Sterculia colombiana Sprague



Sterculia colombiana Sprague

Synonyms: Sterculia colombiana Cuatrec., Sterculia colombiana Mildbr.
Reference: Taylor, E. L., 1989: 448. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 8267 (GH)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Sterculia diguensis Cuatrec.


Sterculia diguensis Cuatrec. = Sterculia colombiana Sprague

Reference: Taylor, E. L., 1989: 451. 


$


 Sterculia elata Ducke


Sterculia elata Ducke = Sterculia apetala var. elata (Ducke) E. Taylor

Reference: FP 1304: 664; Taylor, E. L., 1989: 183. 


$


 Sterculia frondosa Rich.



Sterculia frondosa Rich.

Synonyms: Sterculia frondosa Ducke, Sterculia frondosa Mildbr.
Reference: Soukup, J., 1974: 73. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Tessmann 4041* (B photo US!), Schunke 3940 (US!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sterculia glabrifolia Mildbr.


Sterculia glabrifolia Mildbr. = Sterculia frondosa Rich.

Reference: FP 1304: 664; Soukup, J., 1974: 73. 


$


 Sterculia guapayensis Cuatrec.



Sterculia guapayensis Cuatrec.

Reference: Taylor, E. L., 1989: 267. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry 21900 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Sterculia parviflora (Ducke) E. Taylor



Sterculia parviflora (Ducke) E. Taylor

Synonyms: Sterculia parviflora Ducke
Reference: Taylor, E. L., 1989: 318. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: New status validated in Appendix 1.  
Voucher: Rimachi 4528 (AMAZ, MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Sterculia peruviana (D.R. Simpson) E. Taylor



Sterculia peruviana (D.R. Simpson) E. Taylor

Synonyms: Sterculia peruviana D.R. Simpson
Reference: Simpson, D. R., 1982: 318; Taylor, E. L., 1989: 408. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: New status validated in Appendix 1.  
Voucher: Schunke 4041 (MO!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Sterculia pruriens (Aubl.) Schum.



Sterculia pruriens (Aubl.) Schum.

Synonyms: Sterculia pruriens Aubl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1304: 665; Taylor, E. L., 1989: 318. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez et al. 6000 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Sterculia pruriens var. parviflora Ducke


Sterculia pruriens var. parviflora Ducke = Sterculia parviflora (Ducke) E. Taylor

Reference: Taylor, E. L., 1989: 318. 


$


 Sterculia roseiflora Ducke


Sterculia roseiflora Ducke = Sterculia frondosa Rich.

Reference: Dorr, pers. comm.. 


$


 Sterculia solitudinis Mildbr.


Sterculia solitudinis Mildbr. = Sterculia colombiana Sprague

Reference: FP 1304: 665; Taylor, E. L., 1989: 451. 


$


 Sterculia speciosa Schumann



Sterculia speciosa Schumann

Reference: Flora Peru: 1304: 666; Taylor, E. L., 1989: 439. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Sterculia stipulifera Ducke



Sterculia stipulifera Ducke

Reference: Taylor, E. L., 1989: 257. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Foster 8758 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Pasco.


$


 Sterculia stipulifera subsp. peruviana D.R. Simpson


Sterculia stipulifera subsp. peruviana D.R. Simpson = Sterculia peruviana (D.R. Simpson) E. Taylor

Reference: Simpson, D. R., 1982: 318; Taylor, E. L., 1989: 408. 


$


 Sterculia tessmannii Mildbr.



Sterculia tessmannii Mildbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1304: 666; Taylor, E. L., 1989: 232. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Tessmann 3847* (B photo F!), Croat 19376 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Stereoxylon corymbosum Ruiz & Pav.


Stereoxylon corymbosum Ruiz & Pav. = Escallonia corymbosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.

Reference: FP 628: 1027; Sleumer, H., 1968: 35. 


$


 Stereoxylon cuneifolium Ruiz & Pav.


Stereoxylon cuneifolium Ruiz & Pav. = Escallonia cuneifolia (R. & P.) Roem. & Schult.

Reference: FP 628: 1027. 


$


 Stereoxylon paniculatum Ruiz & Pav.


Stereoxylon paniculatum Ruiz & Pav. = Escallonia paniculata (Ruiz & Pav.) Roem. & Schult.

Reference: FP 628: 1029; Sleumer, H., 1968: 117. 


$


 Stereoxylon patens Ruiz & Pav.


Stereoxylon patens Ruiz & Pav. = Escallonia myrtilloides var. patens (Ruiz & Pav.) Sleumer

Reference: FP 628: 1030; Sleumer, H., 1968: 39. 


$


 Stereoxylon pendulum Ruiz & Pav.


Stereoxylon pendulum Ruiz & Pav. = Escallonia pendula (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.

Reference: FP 628: 1030; Sleumer, H., 1968: 119. 


$


 Stereoxylon resinosum Ruiz & Pav.


Stereoxylon resinosum Ruiz & Pav. = Escallonia resinosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.

Reference: FP 628: 1032. 


$



$


 Sterigmapetalum obovatum Kuhlmann



Sterigmapetalum obovatum Kuhlmann

Reference: Steyermark, J. A. & R. Liesner, 1983: 186. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry 41591 (AMAZ!, MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Pasco, Ucayali.


$


 Steriphoma cinnabarinum Gilg ex Briquet pro syn.


Steriphoma cinnabarinum Gilg ex Briquet pro syn. = Steriphoma peruvianum Spruce ex Eichler

Reference: Briquet, J., 1913: 394. 


$


 Steriphoma peruvianum Spruce ex Eichler



Steriphoma peruvianum Spruce ex Eichler

Synonyms: Steriphoma peruvianum Gilg ex Briquet pro syn.
Reference: Flora Peru: 617: 1005. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree, treelet. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1000 m. 
Note: This taxon probably represents two distinct species (Iltis, ex Hb. MO). 
Voucher: Spruce 4128* (B photo F!), Woytkowski 35113 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Steris aquatica Burm. f.


Steris aquatica Burm. f. = Hydrolea zeylanica (L.) Vahl

Reference: FP 1294: 103. 


$


 Steris javana L.


Steris javana L. = Hydrolea zeylanica (L.) Vahl

Reference: FP 1294: 103. 


$


 Stevia andina B.L. Rob.



Stevia andina B.L. Rob.

Reference: King, R. M. & H. Robinson, 1987: 173, 564. 
Ecology. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui 9838 (F)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cuzco.


$


 Stevia cajabambensis Hieron.



Stevia cajabambensis Hieron.

Reference: King, R. M. & H. Robinson, 1987: 173, 565. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II-III: grasslands. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 3124* (B photo F), Mostacero 1254 (F)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Cajamarca, Cuzco, La Libertad.


$


 Stevia cathartica Poepp.



Stevia cathartica Poepp.

Reference: King, R. M. & H. Robinson, 1987: 173, 565. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. . 
Voucher: Poeppig 1380* (W)


$


 Stevia cuzcoensis Hieron.



Stevia cuzcoensis Hieron.

Reference: King, R. M. & H. Robinson, 1987: 173, 565. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II-III: grasslands, riversides, rocky slopes, shrublands. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 4851* (B photo F), Herrera 2353 (F)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco.


$


 Stevia galeopsidifolia Hieron.



Stevia galeopsidifolia Hieron.

Reference: King, R. M. & H. Robinson, 1987: 174, 566. 
Ecology: Native subshrub. ., shrublands. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 9927 (F)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Stevia herrerae B. Robinson



Stevia herrerae B. Robinson

Reference: King, R. M. & H. Robinson, 1987: 174, 566. 
Ecology: Endemic herb, subshrub. Andean II: rocky slopes, shrublands. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Herrera s.n.* (F), Killip & Smith 22288 (F)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco.


$


 Stevia hoppii B. Robinson



Stevia hoppii B. Robinson

Reference: King, R. M. & H. Robinson, 1987: 174, 566. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Hopp 3* (B photo GH)
Departments: Arequipa.


$



$


 Stevia lechleri Hieron.



Stevia lechleri Hieron.

Reference: King, R. M. & H. Robinson, 1987: 174, 566. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. . 
Voucher: Lechler 1869* (B)


$


 Stevia leucosticta B. Robinson



Stevia leucosticta B. Robinson

Reference: King, R. M. & H. Robinson, 1987: 174, 566. 
Ecology: Endemic subshrub. Andean II: shrublands. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 1382* (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Stevia macbridei B. Robinson



Stevia macbridei B. Robinson

Synonyms: Stevia macbridei B.L. Rob.
Reference: King, R. M. & H. Robinson, 1987: 174, 567. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II-III: grasslands, shrublands. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 1613* (F), Tovar 985 (F)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, La Libertad, Puno.


$


 Stevia macbridei var. anomala B.L. Rob.


Stevia macbridei var. anomala B.L. Rob. = Stevia macbridei B. Robinson

Reference: Robinson, B.L., 1930: 9. 


$


 Stevia maimarensis (Hieron.) Cabrera



Stevia maimarensis (Hieron.) Cabrera

Synonyms: Stevia maimarensis Hieron.
Reference: King, R. M. & H. Robinson, 1987: 174, 567. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Panero et al. 872 (US)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Stevia mandonii Sch. Bip.



Stevia mandonii Sch. Bip.

Reference: King, R. M. & H. Robinson, 1987: 174, 567. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Pennell 13372 (F)
Departments: Cajamarca, Cuzco, Puno.


$


 Stevia melissiaefolia (DC.) Sch. Bip.



Stevia melissiaefolia (DC.) Sch. Bip.

Synonyms: Stevia melissiaefolia Lam.
Reference: King, R. M. & H. Robinson, 1987: 567. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean I-II, Coastal: lomas. 0-3000 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui 10641 (F)
Departments: Arequipa, Cajamarca, Lima.


$


 Stevia ovata Willd.



Stevia ovata Willd.

Synonyms: Stevia ovata Kunth
Reference: King, R. M. & H. Robinson, 1987: 174, 567. 
Ecology. 0-4000 m. 
Voucher: Brunel 898 (US)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Puno.


$


 Stevia pabloensis Hieron.



Stevia pabloensis Hieron.

Reference: King, R. M. & H. Robinson, 1987: 174, 567. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, subshrub. Andean II-III: shrublands. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 3860* (B photo F), S&aacute;nchez 2828 (F)
Departments: Cajamarca, Cuzco.


$


 Stevia pearcei B. Robinson



Stevia pearcei B. Robinson

Reference: King, R. M. & H. Robinson, 1987: 174, 567. 
Ecology. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Pearce 104* (K photo & frag. GH), Smith 12018 (US)
Departments: Ancash, Hu&aacute;nuco, Lima.


$


 Stevia pennellii B. Robinson



Stevia pennellii B. Robinson

Reference: King, R. M. & H. Robinson, 1987: 174, 567. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean III: grasslands, shrublands. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Pennell 13883* (GH)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Stevia petiolata (Cass.) Sch. Bip.



Stevia petiolata (Cass.) Sch. Bip.

Synonyms: Stevia petiolata Cass.
Reference: King, R. M. & H. Robinson, 1987: 174, 567. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: grasslands, shrublands. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Dombey s.n.* (P), L&oacute;pez 8349 (F)
Departments: Ancash, Lima.


$


 Stevia pinifolia Phil.


Stevia pinifolia Phil. = Ophryosporus pinifolius (Phil.) R.M. King & H. Rob.

Reference: King, R. M. & H. Robinson, 1987: 567. 


$


 Stevia polyphylla DC.



Stevia polyphylla DC.

Reference: King, R. M. & H. Robinson, 1987: 174, 567. 
Voucher: Haenke s.n.* (PR)


$



$


 Stevia puberula Hook.



Stevia puberula Hook.

Reference: King, R. M. & H. Robinson, 1987: 174, 568. 
Ecology: Native herb, subshrub. Andean II: grasslands, riversides, rocky slopes. 1500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Pennell 14336 (F)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Arequipa, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Huancavelica, Lima, La Libertad, Pasco, Piura.


$


 Stevia punensis B. Robinson



Stevia punensis B. Robinson

Reference: King, R. M. & H. Robinson, 1987: 174, 568. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 850 (B photo & frag. GH)
Departments: Puno.


$


 Stevia rhombifolia Kunth


Stevia rhombifolia Kunth = Stevia ovata Willd.

Reference: King, R. M. & H. Robinson, 1987: 568. 


$


 Stevia satureifolia var. maimarensis Hieron.


Stevia satureifolia var. maimarensis Hieron. = Stevia maimarensis (Hieron.) Cabrera

Reference: King, R. M. & H. Robinson, 1987: 568. 


$


 Stevia soratensis Hieron.



Stevia soratensis Hieron.

Reference: King, R. M. & H. Robinson, 1987: 175, 568. 
Ecology: Native shrub, subshrub. Andean II-III: shrublands. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Soejarto & Pando 5246 (F)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Stevia urticaefolia Billb.



Stevia urticaefolia Billb.

Reference: King, R. M. & H. Robinson, 1987: 175, 569. 
Ecology. 1000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui 8371 (F)
Departments: Cajamarca, Cuzco.


$


 Stevia weberbaueri B. Robinson



Stevia weberbaueri B. Robinson

Reference: King, R. M. & H. Robinson, 1987: 175, 569. 
Ecology: Endemic subshrub. Andean II: rocky slopes. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 7293* (F)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Moquegua.


$


 Sticherus affinis (Kuhn) Nakai


Sticherus affinis (Kuhn) Nakai = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 42. 


$


 Sticherus bifidus (Willd.) Ching


Sticherus bifidus (Willd.) Ching = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 41. 


$


 Sticherus buchtienii (H. Christ & Rosenst.) Copel.


Sticherus buchtienii (H. Christ & Rosenst.) Copel. = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 42. 


$


 Sticherus lechleri (Mett. ex Kuhn) Nakai


Sticherus lechleri (Mett. ex Kuhn) Nakai = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 44. 


$


 Sticherus longipinnatus (Hook.) Nakai


Sticherus longipinnatus (Hook.) Nakai = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 45. 


$


 Sticherus mathewsii (Hook.) Nakai


Sticherus mathewsii (Hook.) Nakai = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 41. 


$


 Sticherus nitidulus (Rosenst.) Copel.


Sticherus nitidulus (Rosenst.) Copel. = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 43. 


$


 Sticherus penniger (Mart.) Copel.


Sticherus penniger (Mart.) Copel. = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 39. 


$


 Sticherus pruinosus (Mart.) Ching


Sticherus pruinosus (Mart.) Ching = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 42. 


$


 Sticherus revolutus (Kunth) Ching


Sticherus revolutus (Kunth) Ching = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 42. 


$


 Sticherus rubiginosus (Mett.) Nakai


Sticherus rubiginosus (Mett.) Nakai = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 46. 


$


 Sticherus simplex (Desv.) Ching


Sticherus simplex (Desv.) Ching = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 39. 


$


 Sticherus tuberculatus (Mett. ex Kuhn) Nakai


Sticherus tuberculatus (Mett. ex Kuhn) Nakai = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 43. 


$


 Sticherus velatus (Kunze) Copel.


Sticherus velatus (Kunze) Copel. = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 42. 


$


 Sticherus yungensis (Rosenst.) Copel.


Sticherus yungensis (Rosenst.) Copel. = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 44. 


$


 Stichophyllum bryoides Philippi


Stichophyllum bryoides Philippi = Pycnophyllum bryoides (Philippi) Rohrbach

Reference: FP 1267: 608. 


$


 Stigmaphyllon aberrans C. Anderson



Stigmaphyllon aberrans C. Anderson

Reference: Anderson, C., 1986: 121. 
Ecology: Endemic liana, vine. Andean II: disturbed areas, forests. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 6335* (US), Gentry et al. 40101 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Pasco.


$


 Stigmaphyllon adenodon A. Juss.



Stigmaphyllon adenodon A. Juss.

Synonyms: Stigmaphyllon adenodon Nied., Stigmaphyllon adenodon Pilg.
Reference: Anderson, C., 1987: 9. 
Ecology: Native liana, vine. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests, riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 894 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto.


$


 Stigmaphyllon alternans Triana & Planch.



Stigmaphyllon alternans Triana & Planch.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1958: 541; C. Anderson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: forests, riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Lewis et al. 12691 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Stigmaphyllon argenteum C. Anderson



Stigmaphyllon argenteum C. Anderson

Reference: Anderson, C., 1992: 302. 
Ecology: Endemic liana. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 2018* (COL), Schunke 6530 (MO)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Stigmaphyllon bogotense fo. renifolium Nied.


Stigmaphyllon bogotense fo. renifolium Nied. = Stigmaphyllon bogotense Triana & Planch.

Reference: C. Anderson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Stigmaphyllon bogotense Triana & Planch.



Stigmaphyllon bogotense Triana & Planch.

Synonyms: Stigmaphyllon bogotense (Nied.) Nied., Stigmaphyllon bogotense Ndzu., Stigmaphyllon bogotense Nied., Stigmaphyllon bogotense Nied., Stigmaphyllon bogotense Nied., Stigmaphyllon bogotense Nied.
Reference: Flora Peru: 665: 840; Cuatrecasas, J., 1958: 522; C. Anderson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native liana, vine. Andean I-II: forests, riversides. 500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Foster et al. 7781 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco.


$


 Stigmaphyllon bogotense var. subglabratum (Nied.) Nied.


Stigmaphyllon bogotense var. subglabratum (Nied.) Nied. = Stigmaphyllon bogotense Triana & Planch.

Reference: C. Anderson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Stigmaphyllon brachiatum Triana & Planch.


Stigmaphyllon brachiatum Triana & Planch. = Stigmaphyllon sinuatum (DC.) A. Juss.

Reference: FP 665: 842; C. Anderson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Stigmaphyllon cardiophyllum A. Juss.



Stigmaphyllon cardiophyllum A. Juss.

Reference: Flora Peru: 665: 842. 
Ecology: Native liana, vine. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests, riversides, seasonally inundated areas, riversides. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 37633 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Stigmaphyllon convolvulifolium (Cav.) A. Juss.



Stigmaphyllon convolvulifolium (Cav.) A. Juss.

Reference: Flora Peru: 665: 842; Gates, B., 1982: 205; C. Anderson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   The voucher cited in the Flora of Peru, Tessman 3412, is S. cardiophyllum.  Gates (1982: 205) incorrectly lists Banisteria convolvulifolia as the basionym of S. convolvulifolium (C. Anderson, pers. comm.). 


$


 Stigmaphyllon cuzcanum C. Anderson



Stigmaphyllon cuzcanum C. Anderson

Reference: Anderson, C., 1992: 304. 
Ecology: Endemic liana. Andean II: disturbed areas, forests. 1500-3000 m. 
Note: See note under S. gayanum. 
Voucher: West 6466* (MO), N&uacute;&ntilde;ez & Motocanchi 8751 (MICH)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Stigmaphyllon dichotomum (L.) Griseb.



Stigmaphyllon dichotomum (L.) Griseb.

Synonyms: Stigmaphyllon dichotomum (DC.) A. Juss., Stigmaphyllon dichotomum (Kunth) Nied., Stigmaphyllon dichotomum Cav., Stigmaphyllon dichotomum DC., Stigmaphyllon dichotomum Kunth, Stigmaphyllon dichotomum L.
Reference: Flora Peru: 665: 849; C. Anderson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Stigmaphyllon ellipticum (Kunth) A. Juss.



Stigmaphyllon ellipticum (Kunth) A. Juss.

Synonyms: Stigmaphyllon ellipticum Cuatrec., Stigmaphyllon ellipticum Kunth
Reference: Flora Peru: 665: 843; Cuatrecasas, J., 1958: 530; C. Anderson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native liana, vine. Andean I-II, Coastal: forests, disturbed areas. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Llatas 770 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Lambayeque, Piura, Tumbes.


$


 Stigmaphyllon emarginatum (Cav.) A. Juss.



Stigmaphyllon emarginatum (Cav.) A. Juss.

Synonyms: Stigmaphyllon emarginatum Cav., Stigmaphyllon emarginatum Lam.
Reference: Gates, B., 1982: 205; W. R. Anderson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Stigmaphyllon felixii Cuatrec.


Stigmaphyllon felixii Cuatrec. = Stigmaphyllon ellipticum (Kunth) A. Juss.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1962: 55; C. Anderson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Stigmaphyllon florosum C. Anderson



Stigmaphyllon florosum C. Anderson

Reference: Anderson, C., 1986: 123. 
Ecology: Native liana, vine. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, terra firme forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison et al. 6032* (MICH), N&uacute;&ntilde;ez et al. 10813 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Stigmaphyllon fulgens (Lam.) A. Juss.


Stigmaphyllon fulgens (Lam.) A. Juss. = Stigmaphyllon fulgens var. maynense (Huber) J.F. Macbr.

Reference: FP 665: 844; C. Anderson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Stigmaphyllon fulgens var. maynense (Huber) J.F. Macbr.


Stigmaphyllon fulgens var. maynense (Huber) J.F. Macbr. = Stigmaphyllon maynense Huber

Reference: FP 665: 844; C. Anderson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Stigmaphyllon gayanum A. Juss.



Stigmaphyllon gayanum A. Juss.

Reference: Flora Peru: 665: 845. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   The specimen cited in the Flora of Peru, Weberbauer 4989, is redetermined as Stigmaphyllon cuzcanum (C. Anderson, 1992). 


$


 Stigmaphyllon grenadense Nied.


Stigmaphyllon grenadense Nied. = Stigmaphyllon adenodon A. Juss.

Reference: C. Anderson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Stigmaphyllon humboldtianum (DC.) A. Juss.


Stigmaphyllon humboldtianum (DC.) A. Juss. = Stigmaphyllon dichotomum (L.) Griseb.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1958: 542; C. Anderson, pers. comm.. 
Note: NN  


$


 Stigmaphyllon kuhlmannii Pilg.


Stigmaphyllon kuhlmannii Pilg. = Stigmaphyllon adenodon A. Juss.

Reference: FP 665: 845; Anderson, C., 1987: 9. 


$


 Stigmaphyllon lacunosum A. Juss.



Stigmaphyllon lacunosum A. Juss.

Reference: C. Anderson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: forests, riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ayala et al. 2618 (MICH)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Stigmaphyllon lanuginosum Ndzu.


Stigmaphyllon lanuginosum Ndzu. = Stigmaphyllon bogotense Triana & Planch.

Reference: C. Anderson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Stigmaphyllon martianum A. Juss.


Stigmaphyllon martianum A. Juss. = Stigmaphyllon sinuatum (DC.) A. Juss.

Reference: FP 665: 848; C. Anderson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Stigmaphyllon mathiasiae W.R. Anderson



Stigmaphyllon mathiasiae W.R. Anderson

Synonyms: Stigmaphyllon mathiasiae J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Anderson, W. R., 1981: 3. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Mathias & Taylor 6078* (MO!), Ferreyra 17226 (US)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Ucayali.


$


 Stigmaphyllon maynense Huber



Stigmaphyllon maynense Huber

Synonyms: Stigmaphyllon maynense (Huber) J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 665: 844; C. Anderson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native liana, vine. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Soukup 2211 (F)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Stigmaphyllon megacarpon (Vell. Conc.) Griseb.



Stigmaphyllon megacarpon (Vell. Conc.) Griseb.

Synonyms: Stigmaphyllon megacarpon Vell.
Reference: Flora Peru: 665: 846; C. Anderson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Stigmaphyllon peruvianum Nied.



Stigmaphyllon peruvianum Nied.

Reference: Flora Peru: 665: 846. 
Ecology: Endemic liana. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 6216* (GH), Hutchison 1492 (US)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Stigmaphyllon primaevum Nied.


Stigmaphyllon primaevum Nied. = Stigmaphyllon bogotense Triana & Planch.

Reference: FP 665: 847; C. Anderson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Stigmaphyllon puberum (Richard) A. Juss.



Stigmaphyllon puberum (Richard) A. Juss.

Synonyms: Stigmaphyllon puberum Richard
Reference: Flora Peru: 665: 847; Anderson, W. R., 1981: 172. 
Ecology: Native vine. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas, terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ayala et al. 2913 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Stigmaphyllon rotundifolium A. Juss.



Stigmaphyllon rotundifolium A. Juss.

Reference: Flora Peru: 665: 849; C. Anderson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Stigmaphyllon ruizianum Nied.


Stigmaphyllon ruizianum Nied. = Stigmaphyllon bogotense Triana & Planch.

Reference: FP 665: 840; Cuatrecasas, J., 1958: 522. 


$


 Stigmaphyllon ruizianum var. subglabratum Nied.


Stigmaphyllon ruizianum var. subglabratum Nied. = Stigmaphyllon bogotense Triana & Planch.

Reference: C. Anderson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Stigmaphyllon sarmentosum Cuatrec.



Stigmaphyllon sarmentosum Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1958: 529; C. Anderson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native liana. Andean II: disturbed areas, forests, shrublands. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Cano 1547 (MICH)
Departments: Piura.


$


 Stigmaphyllon sinuatum (DC.) A. Juss.



Stigmaphyllon sinuatum (DC.) A. Juss.

Synonyms: Stigmaphyllon sinuatum (Lam.) A. Juss., Stigmaphyllon sinuatum A. Juss., Stigmaphyllon sinuatum DC., Stigmaphyllon sinuatum Triana & Planch.
Reference: C. Anderson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests, riversides. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Lewis et al. 10651 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Stigmaphyllon strigosum Poepp. ex A. Juss.



Stigmaphyllon strigosum Poepp. ex A. Juss.

Reference: Flora Peru: 665: 848. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 1941* (P)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Stigmaphyllon tarapotense C. Anderson



Stigmaphyllon tarapotense C. Anderson

Reference: Anderson, C., 1987: 49. 
Ecology: Endemic vine. Amazonian: savannas, terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Murray & Johnson 1530* (MICH), Belshaw 3239 (MO!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Stigmaphyllon tiliifolium (Kunth) Nied.


Stigmaphyllon tiliifolium (Kunth) Nied. = Stigmaphyllon dichotomum (L.) Griseb.

Reference: FP 665: 849; C. Anderson, pers. comm.. 
Note: NN  


$


 Stigmaphyllon tomentosum A. Juss.



Stigmaphyllon tomentosum A. Juss.

Reference: Flora Peru: 665: 846; C. Anderson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   Treated as a synonym of S. megacarpon in the Flora of Peru.  


$


 Stilaginella laxiflora Tul.


Stilaginella laxiflora Tul. = Hyeronima alchorneoides Allem&atilde;o var. alchorneoides 

Reference: FP 674: 53; Huft, pers. comm.. 


$


 Stilaginella oblonga Tul.


Stilaginella oblonga Tul. = Hyeronima oblonga (Tul.) M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Reference: FP 674: 55; Franco R., P., 1990: 323. 


$


 Stilaginella scabra Tul.


Stilaginella scabra Tul. = Hyeronima scabra M&uuml;ll. Arg.

$


 Stillingia parvifolia Sanchez Vega, Sagastegui & Huft



Stillingia parvifolia Sanchez Vega, Sagastegui & Huft

Reference: S&aacute;nchez V., I., A. Sag&aacute;stegui A. & M. Huft, 1988: 1666. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: forests. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: S&aacute;nchez & Ru&iacute;z 3618* (CPUN)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Stillingia peruviana Rogers


Stillingia peruviana Rogers = Stillingia salpingadenia var. peruviana J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Webster, pers. comm.. 


$


 Stillingia salpingadenia (Muell. Arg.) Huber



Stillingia salpingadenia (Muell. Arg.) Huber

$


 Stillingia salpingadenia var.peruviana J.F. Macbr.



Stillingia salpingadenia var. peruviana J.F. Macbr.

Synonyms: Stillingia salpingadenia peruviana Rogers
Reference: Flora Peru: 674: 192; Webster, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: submerged. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Stork & Horton s.n.* (F)


$


 Stillingia salpingadenia var.salpingadenia



Stillingia salpingadenia var. salpingadenia 

Synonyms: Stillingia salpingadenia salpingadenia M&uuml;ll. Arg., Stillingia salpingadenia salpingadenia M&uuml;ll. Arg.
Reference: Flora Peru: 674: 191. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Stilpnopappus aquaticus (Poepp.) Dillon



Stilpnopappus aquaticus (Poepp.) Dillon

Synonyms: Stilpnopappus aquaticus Benth. ex Baker, Stilpnopappus aquaticus Poepp.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1420: 4. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Note: For alternative treatment, see Robinson (1992b). 
Voucher: Davidson & Jones 9924 (F)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Stilpnopappus viridis Benth. ex Baker


Stilpnopappus viridis Benth. ex Baker = Stilpnopappus aquaticus (Poepp.) Dillon

Reference: FP 1420: 4. 


$


 Stilpnophyllum lineatum Hook. f.



Stilpnophyllum lineatum Hook. f.

Synonyms: Stilpnophyllum lineatum Spruce ex Schumann pro syn.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 23. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Spruce 4568* (K)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Stipa annua Mez



Stipa annua Mez

Reference: Flora Peru: 719: 178; Tovar, O., 1988: 91. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II, Coastal: lomas, rocky slopes. 500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 5353* (B), Pennell 13139 (F!)
Departments: Arequipa, Ayacucho, Lima, La Libertad, Moquegua, Tacna.


$


 Stipa ayacuchensis Tovar


Stipa ayacuchensis Tovar = Nassella ayacuchensis (Tovar) Barkworth

Reference: Barkworth, M. E., 1990: 609. 


$


 Stipa bomanii Hauman



Stipa bomanii Hauman

Reference: Hauman, L., 1917: 397. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Solomon 2852 (F!)
Departments: Arequipa.


$


 Stipa brachyphylla Hitchc.


Stipa brachyphylla Hitchc. = Nassella brachyphylla (Hitchc.) Barkworth

Reference: FP 719: 178; Barkworth, M. E., 1990: 609. 


$


 Stipa chrysophylla Desv.



Stipa chrysophylla Desv.

Reference: Tovar, O., 1986: 56; Tovar, O., 1988: 80. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean III: rocky slopes. 4000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Rauh & Hirsch 5335 (US)
Departments: Arequipa.


$


 Stipa depauperata Pilg.


Stipa depauperata Pilg. = Nassella depauperata (Pilg.) Barkworth

Reference: FP 719: 178; Barkworth, M. E., 1990: 609. 


$


 Stipa depauperata var. glabrata Pilg.


Stipa depauperata var. glabrata Pilg. = Nassella depauperata (Pilg.) Barkworth

Reference: FP 719: 178; Tovar, O., 1988: 102. 


$


 Stipa depauperata var. humilis Pilg.


Stipa depauperata var. humilis Pilg. = Nassella depauperata (Pilg.) Barkworth

Reference: FP 719: 178; Tovar, O., 1988: 103. 


$


 Stipa disticha Hitchc.


Stipa disticha Hitchc. = Stipa pachypus Pilg.

Reference: Tovar, O., 1988: 92. 


$


 Stipa elongata Roth



Stipa elongata Roth

Reference: Chase, A. & C. D. Niles, 1962: 365. 
Note: Status uncertain.  Type cultivated from seed from Peru.  


$


 Stipa featherstonei Hitchc.


Stipa featherstonei Hitchc. = Piptochaetium featherstonei (Hitchc.) Tovar

Reference: FP 719: 179; S&aacute;nchez V., I., 1991: 22. 


$


 Stipa hans-meyeri Pilg.



Stipa hans-meyeri Pilg.

Synonyms: Stipa hans-meyeri Steud. ex Lechler
Reference: Flora Peru: 719: 179; Tovar, O., 1988: 84. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean III: grasslands, riversides. 3500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 6966 (F!)
Departments: Ancash, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Puno.


$


 Stipa huallancaensis Tovar


Stipa huallancaensis Tovar = Nassella huallancaensis (Tovar) Barkworth

Reference: Barkworth, M. E., 1990: 610. 


$


 Stipa ichu (Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth



Stipa ichu (Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth

Synonyms: Stipa ichu Nees & Meyen, Stipa ichu Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 719: 179; Tovar, O., 1988: 82. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-III: grasslands, rocky slopes, shrublands. 1000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Smith et al. 11967 (F!)
Departments: Ancash, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, La Libertad, Piura, Puno.


$


 Stipa inconspicua J. Presl


Stipa inconspicua J. Presl = Nassella inconspicua (J. Presl) Barkworth

Reference: FP 719: 180; Barkworth, M. E., 1990: 610. 


$


 Stipa lechleriana Steud. ex Lechler


Stipa lechleriana Steud. ex Lechler = Stipa rigidiseta (Pilg.) Hitchc.

Reference: FP 719: 181; Tovar, O., 1988: 93. 


$


 Stipa linearifolia E. Fourn.


Stipa linearifolia E. Fourn. = Nassella linearifolia (E. Fourn.) R.W. Pohl

Reference: Pohl, R. W., 1980: 336. 


$


 Stipa macbridei Hitchc.



Stipa macbridei Hitchc.

Reference: Flora Peru: 719: 180; Tovar, O., 1988: 94. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 452* (F!), Macbride & Featherstone 1317 (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Lima.


$


 Stipa mexicana Hitchc.


Stipa mexicana Hitchc. = Nassella mexicana (Hitchc.) R.W. Pohl

Reference: FP 719: 180; Barkworth, M. E., 1990: 611. 


$


 Stipa mucronata Kunth


Stipa mucronata Kunth = Nassella mucronata (Kunth) R.W. Pohl

Reference: FP 719: 180; Barkworth, M. E., 1990: 611. 


$


 Stipa nardoides (Philippi) Hack. ex Hitchc.


Stipa nardoides (Philippi) Hack. ex Hitchc. = Nassella nardoides (Philippi) Barkworth

Reference: FP 719: 181; Barkworth, M. E., 1990: 611. 


$


 Stipa neesiana Trin. & Rupr.


Stipa neesiana Trin. & Rupr. = Nassella neesiana (Trin. & Rupr.) Barkworth

Reference: FP 719: 181; Tovar, O., 1988: 98. 


$


 Stipa nivalis Steud. ex Lechler


Stipa nivalis Steud. ex Lechler = Stipa hans-meyeri Pilg.

Reference: FP 719: 179; Tovar, O., 1988: 84. 
Note: nom. nud.  


$


 Stipa obtusa (Nees & Meyen) Hitchc.



Stipa obtusa (Nees & Meyen) Hitchc.

Synonyms: Stipa obtusa (Meyen) Steud., Stipa obtusa (Nees & Meyen) Trin. & Rupr., Stipa obtusa Nees & Meyen, Stipa obtusa Pilg.
Reference: Flora Peru: 719: 181; Tovar, O., 1988: 87. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: grasslands. 3000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Meyen s.n.* (LE), Smith & Escalona 10139 (F!)
Departments: Ancash, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Puno.


$


 Stipa pachypus Pilg.



Stipa pachypus Pilg.

Synonyms: Stipa pachypus Hitchc.
Reference: Flora Peru: 719: 181; Tovar, O., 1988: 92. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Coastal: lomas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Murphy 3478* (US), Vargas 860 (US)
Departments: Arequipa, Ica.


$


 Stipa panicoides Lam.


Stipa panicoides Lam. = Piptochaetium panicoides (Lam.) Desv.

Reference: S&aacute;nchez V., I., 1991: 30. 


$


 Stipa peruviana Hitchc.


Stipa peruviana Hitchc. = Stipa rigidiseta (Pilg.) Hitchc.

Reference: FP 719: 181; Tovar, O., 1988: 93. 


$


 Stipa plumosa Trin.



Stipa plumosa Trin.

Reference: Flora Peru: 719: 182; Tovar, O., 1988: 82. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 1500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 5848 (F!)
Departments: Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Huancavelica, Lima, La Libertad.


$


 Stipa pungens Nees & Meyen


Stipa pungens Nees & Meyen = Stipa ichu (Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth

Reference: FP 719: 179; Tovar, O., 1988: 83. 


$


 Stipa rigidiseta (Pilg.) Hitchc.



Stipa rigidiseta (Pilg.) Hitchc.

Synonyms: Stipa rigidiseta Hitchc., Stipa rigidiseta Pilg., Stipa rigidiseta Steud. ex Lechler
Reference: Flora Peru: 719: 182; Tovar, O., 1988: 93. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 475* (B), Lechler 1735 (US)
Departments: Puno.


$


 Stipa rosea Hitchc.



Stipa rosea Hitchc.

Reference: Hitchcock, A. S., 1927: 399. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean III: grasslands. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Tovar s.n. (USM!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Stipa setifolia (J. Presl) Kunth


Stipa setifolia (J. Presl) Kunth = Piptochaetium panicoides (Lam.) Desv.

Reference: FP 719: 176; S&aacute;nchez V., I., 1991: 30. 


$


 Stipa setigera J. Presl


Stipa setigera J. Presl = Nassella mucronata (Kunth) R.W. Pohl

Reference: FP 719: 180; Barkworth, M. E., 1990: 611. 


$


 Stipa smithii Hitchc.


Stipa smithii Hitchc. = Nassella smithii (Hitchc.) Barkworth

Reference: FP 719: 182; Barkworth, M. E., 1990: 612. 


$


 Stipa soukupii Tovar


Stipa soukupii Tovar = Nassella soukupii (Tovar) Barkworth

Reference: Barkworth, M. E., 1990: 612. 


$


 Stipa trochlearis Nees & Meyen


Stipa trochlearis Nees & Meyen = Nassella mucronata (Kunth) R.W. Pohl

Reference: FP 719: 180; Barkworth, M. E., 1990: 611. 


$


 Stipa vargasii Tovar



Stipa vargasii Tovar

Reference: Tovar, O., 1988: 94. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: disturbed areas. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Vargas 14127* (US)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Stipa wurdackii Tovar


Stipa wurdackii Tovar = Nassella wurdackii (Tovar) Barkworth

Reference: Barkworth, M. E., 1990: 612. 


$


 Stipecoma peltata (Vell.) Miers


Stipecoma peltata (Vell.) Miers = Peltastes peltatus (Vell.) Woodson

Reference: FP 1343: 445. 
Note: NN  


$


 Stizolobium altissimum (Jacq.) Pers.


Stizolobium altissimum (Jacq.) Pers. = Mucuna urens (L.) Medik.

Note: Name based on Dolichos altissimus.  


$


 Stizolobium ellipticum (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.


Stizolobium ellipticum (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. = Mucuna elliptica (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.

Note: Name based on Negretia elliptica.  


$


 Stizolobium inflexum (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.


Stizolobium inflexum (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. = Mucuna elliptica (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.

$


 Stizolobium mapirense Rusby


Stizolobium mapirense Rusby = Mucuna mapirensis (Rusby) J.F. Macbr.

Reference: FP 21: 316. 
Note: NN  


$


 Stizolobium rostratum (Benth.) Kuntze


Stizolobium rostratum (Benth.) Kuntze = Mucuna rostrata Benth.

$


 Stizolobium tuberosum (Lam.) Sprengel


Stizolobium tuberosum (Lam.) Sprengel = Pachyrhizus tuberosus (Lam.) Spreng.

Reference: Duke, J. A., 1981: 184; Sorensen, M., 1988: 185. 


$


 Stizolobium urens (L.) Pers.


Stizolobium urens (L.) Pers. = Mucuna urens (L.) Medik.

Reference: Lewis, G. P., 1987: 252. 


$


 Stizophyllum inaequilaterum Bureau & K. Schum.



Stizophyllum inaequilaterum Bureau & K. Schum.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1362: 55; Gentry, A. H., 1982: 346. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 1827* (W), Gentry et al. 37629 (MO!, USM!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Stizophyllum perforatum (Cham.) Miers


Stizophyllum perforatum (Cham.) Miers = Stizophyllum riparium (Kunth) Sandwith

Reference: FP 1362: 55. 


$


 Stizophyllum riparium (Kunth) Sandwith



Stizophyllum riparium (Kunth) Sandwith

Synonyms: Stizophyllum riparium (Cham.) Miers, Stizophyllum riparium Cham., Stizophyllum riparium Kunth, Stizophyllum riparium Rusby
Reference: Flora Peru: 1362: 55; Gentry, A. H., 1982: 349. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 19774 (AMAZ!, MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Stratiotes nymphoides Willd.


Stratiotes nymphoides Willd. = Hydrocleys nymphoides (Willd.) Buchenau

Reference: FP 696: 95; Haynes, R. R. & L. B. Holm-Nielsen, 1986: 32; Haynes, R. R. & L. B. Holm-Nielsen, 1992: 25. 
Note: NN  


$


 Streblacanthus boliviensis Lindau


Streblacanthus boliviensis Lindau = Streblacanthus dubiosus (Lindau) V.M. Baum

Reference: Wasshausen, pers. comm.. 


$


 Streblacanthus dubiosus (Lindau) V.M. Baum



Streblacanthus dubiosus (Lindau) V.M. Baum

Synonyms: Streblacanthus dubiosus Lindau, Streblacanthus dubiosus Lindau
Reference: Baum, V. M., 1982: 433; Wasshausen, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Foster 8787 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Strepsia usneoides (L.) Nutt. ex Steud.


Strepsia usneoides (L.) Nutt. ex Steud. = Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L.

Reference: FP 1179: 543; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 899. 


$


 Streptanthus englerianus Muchler


Streptanthus englerianus Muchler = Dictyophragmus englerianus (Muchler) O.E. Schulz

Reference: FP 614: 967. 


$


 Streptocalyx angustifolius Mez


Streptocalyx angustifolius Mez = Streptocalyx longifolius (Rudge) Baker

Reference: FP 1179: 583; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1979: 1519. 


$


 Streptocalyx arenarius Ule



Streptocalyx arenarius Ule

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 583; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1979: 1521. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ule 6335* (B photo F), Ferreyra 4823 (US!, USM!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Streptocalyx brachystachys Harms



Streptocalyx brachystachys Harms

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 582; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1979: 1523. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Tessmann 4645* (B photo F), Plowman 6468 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto.


$


 Streptocalyx furstenburgii (E. Morren & Wittm.) E. Morren



Streptocalyx furstenburgii (E. Morren & Wittm.) E. Morren

Synonyms: Streptocalyx furstenburgii E. Morren & Wittm.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 582; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1979: 1522. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests. 0-2000 m. 
Note: Specimens cited in the Flora of Peru have not been relocated. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 6664 (MOL!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Streptocalyx holmesii Singerland



Streptocalyx holmesii Singerland

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1979: 1799. 


$


 Streptocalyx hoppii Harms


Streptocalyx hoppii Harms = Aechmea hoppii (Harms) L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1979: 1799. 


$


 Streptocalyx longifolius (Rudge) Baker



Streptocalyx longifolius (Rudge) Baker

Synonyms: Streptocalyx longifolius Mez, Streptocalyx longifolius Rudge
Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1979: 1519. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests, swamps. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Wurdack 1887 (US!, USM!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Streptocalyx poeppigii Beer



Streptocalyx poeppigii Beer

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 581; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1979: 1521. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez 2284 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Pasco.


$


 Streptocalyx poitaei Baker



Streptocalyx poitaei Baker

Synonyms: Streptocalyx poitaei Harms
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 582; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1979: 1523. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 27887 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Streptocalyx tessmannii Harms


Streptocalyx tessmannii Harms = Streptocalyx poitaei Baker

Reference: FP 1179: 582; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1979: 1523. 


$


 Streptocalyx williamsii L.B. Sm.



Streptocalyx williamsii L.B. Sm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 581; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1979: 1524. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Williams 2722* (F)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Streptochaeta sodiroana Hack.



Streptochaeta sodiroana Hack.

Reference: Judziewicz, E. J. & T. R. Soderstrom, 1989: 30. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Encarnaci&oacute;n 25321 (USM)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Streptochaeta spicata Schrad. ex Nees



Streptochaeta spicata Schrad. ex Nees

$


 Streptochaeta spicata Schrad. ex Nees subsp.spicata



Streptochaeta spicata Schrad. ex Nees subsp. spicata 

Reference: Pohl, R. W., 1980: 55; Judziewicz, E. J. & T. R. Soderstrom, 1989: 34. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Wurdack 1895 (F!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Streptogyna americana C.E. Hubb.



Streptogyna americana C.E. Hubb.

Reference: Soderstrom, T. R. & E. J. Judziewicz, 1987: 883. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I: terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Barbour 5762 (MO!)
Departments: Madre de Dios.


$


 Streptosolen jamesonii (Benth.) Miers



Streptosolen jamesonii (Benth.) Miers

Synonyms: Streptosolen jamesonii Benth.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1349: 151; D'Arcy, W. G., 1973: 578. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean I-II: disturbed areas, rocky slopes. 1000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 22605 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Lambayeque, Lima, Piura.


$


 Strigilia cordata (Ruiz & Pavon) DC.


Strigilia cordata (Ruiz & Pavon) DC. = Styrax cordatus (Ruiz & Pavon) A.DC.

Reference: FP 1339: 228. 


$


 Strigilia oblonga (Ruiz & Pavon) DC.


Strigilia oblonga (Ruiz & Pavon) DC. = Styrax oblongus (Ruiz & Pavon) A. DC.

Reference: FP 1339: 230. 


$


 Strigilia ovata (Ruiz & Pavon) DC.


Strigilia ovata (Ruiz & Pavon) DC. = Styrax ovatus (Ruiz & Pav.) A. DC.

Reference: FP 1339: 231. 


$


 Strigilia pavonii (A. DC.) Miers


Strigilia pavonii (A. DC.) Miers = Styrax pavonii A.DC.

Reference: FP 1339: 232. 


$


 Strigilia racemosa DC.


Strigilia racemosa DC. = Styrax foveolaria Perk.

Reference: FP 1339: 229. 


$


 Strobilanthes isophyllus (Nees) T. Anderson



Strobilanthes isophyllus (Nees) T. Anderson

Synonyms: Strobilanthes isophyllus Nees


$


 Stromanthe stromanthoides (J.F. Macbr.) B.L. Andersson



Stromanthe stromanthoides (J.F. Macbr.) B.L. Andersson

Synonyms: Stromanthe stromanthoides J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Kennedy, H., L. Andersson & M. Hagberg, 1988: 172. 
Ecology. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Williams 6563* (F!), Huashikat 148 (MO!)
Departments: Madre de Dios.


$


 Strombocarpa reptans (Benth.) A. Gray


Strombocarpa reptans (Benth.) A. Gray = Prosopis reptans Benth. var. reptans 

Reference: Burkart, A., 1976: 459. 


$


 Strombocarpa strombulifera (Lam.) A. Gray


Strombocarpa strombulifera (Lam.) A. Gray = Prosopis strombulifera (Lam.) Benth. var. strombulifera 

Reference: Burkart, A., 1976: 457. 
Note: NN  


$


 Strophocactus wittii (K. Schum.) Britton & Rose


Strophocactus wittii (K. Schum.) Britton & Rose = Selenicereus wittii (K. Schum.) G.D. Rowley

Reference: Britton, N. L. & J. N. Rose, 1913: 262; Castellanos, A., 1967: 84; Madsen, J. E., 1989: 72. 


$


 Struchium americanum Poir.


Struchium americanum Poir. = Struchium sparganophorum (L.) Kuntze

Reference: FP 1416: 62. 


$


 Struchium herbaceum P. Br. ex St. Hil.


Struchium herbaceum P. Br. ex St. Hil. = Struchium sparganophorum (L.) Kuntze

Reference: FP 1416: 60. 


$


 Struchium sparganophorum (L.) Kuntze



Struchium sparganophorum (L.) Kuntze

Synonyms: Struchium sparganophorum L., Struchium sparganophorum P. Br. ex St. Hil., Struchium sparganophorum Poir., Struchium sparganophorum Poir., Struchium sparganophorum Poir., Struchium sparganophorum Poir., Struchium sparganophorum Sw.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1416: 60. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Mexia 6350 (MO)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Struthanthus acuminatus (Ruiz & Pav.) Blume ex Roem. & Schult.



Struthanthus acuminatus (Ruiz & Pav.) Blume ex Roem. & Schult.

Synonyms: Struthanthus acuminatus Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1238: 410. 
Ecology: Endemic parasitic shrub. Andean II: forests. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA photo F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Struthanthus aduncus (Meyer) G. Don


Struthanthus aduncus (Meyer) G. Don = Phthirusa retroflexa (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuijt

Reference: FP 1238: 411. 


$


 Struthanthus alveolatus (Kunth) G. Don


Struthanthus alveolatus (Kunth) G. Don = Oryctanthus alveolatus (Kunth) Kuijt

Reference: Kuijt, J., 1976: 504. 


$


 Struthanthus concinnus Mart.



Struthanthus concinnus Mart.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1238: 411. 
Ecology: Native parasitic shrub. Andean I-II: forests. 500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 24314 (US)
Departments: Ayacucho, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Struthanthus dichotrianthus Eichler



Struthanthus dichotrianthus Eichler

Reference: Flora Peru: 1238: 412. 
Ecology: Native parasitic shrub. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 8269 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Struthanthus eichleri Baehni & J. F. Macbride



Struthanthus eichleri Baehni & J. F. Macbride

Synonyms: Struthanthus eichleri Eichler
Reference: Flora Peru: 1238: 412. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 5778 (MO!)
Departments: Ucayali.


$


 Struthanthus flexilis (Rusby) Kuijt



Struthanthus flexilis (Rusby) Kuijt

Synonyms: Struthanthus flexilis Rusby
Reference: Kuijt, J., 1980: 523; Kuijt, J., 1986: 147. 
Ecology: Native liana. Andean I: terra firme forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 6034 (MO!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Struthanthus leptostachyus (Kunth) G. Don



Struthanthus leptostachyus (Kunth) G. Don

Synonyms: Struthanthus leptostachyus (Kunth) Tiegh., Struthanthus leptostachyus Kunth
Reference: Kuijt, J., 1986: 153. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian, Andean I: terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez et al. 2052 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Struthanthus lucarquensis (Kunth) J.F. Macbr.


Struthanthus lucarquensis (Kunth) J.F. Macbr. = Struthanthus orbicularis (Kunth) Blume

Reference: FP 1238: 412. 


$


 Struthanthus micranthus (Eichler) Baehni & J. F. Macbride



Struthanthus micranthus (Eichler) Baehni & J. F. Macbride

Reference: Flora Peru: 1238: 414. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   Mentioned under S. pyrifolius [=Phthirusa pyrifolia]. 


$


 Struthanthus orbicularis (Kunth) Blume



Struthanthus orbicularis (Kunth) Blume

Synonyms: Struthanthus orbicularis (Kunth) G. Don, Struthanthus orbicularis (Kunth) G. Don, Struthanthus orbicularis (Kunth) J.F. Macbr., Struthanthus orbicularis (Kunth) Rusby ex DeWildeman, Struthanthus orbicularis Kunth, Struthanthus orbicularis Kunth
Reference: Flora Peru: 1238: 413; Kuijt, J., 1986: 145. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Croat 21196 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Struthanthus ovalifolius (Ruiz & Pav.) G. Don


Struthanthus ovalifolius (Ruiz & Pav.) G. Don = Oryctanthus ovalifolius (Ruiz & Pav.) J.F. Macbr.

Reference: FP 1238: 392; Kuijt, J., 1976: 480. 


$


 Struthanthus phaeoclados (Eichler) Baehni & J. F. Macbride



Struthanthus phaeoclados (Eichler) Baehni & J. F. Macbride

Reference: Flora Peru: 1238: 414; Kuijt, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   Mentioned under S. pyrifolius [=Phthirusa pyrifolia]. 


$


 Struthanthus platycladus (Ule) Baehni & J. F. Macbride


Struthanthus platycladus (Ule) Baehni & J. F. Macbride = Phthirusa pyrifolia (Kunth) Eichler

Reference: FP 1238: 413; Kuijt, pers. comm.. 


$


 Struthanthus polyrrhizos (C. Martius ex Roemer & Schultes) C. Martius ex G. Don


Struthanthus polyrrhizos (C. Martius ex Roemer & Schultes) C. Martius ex G. Don = Struthanthus retusus (Chamisso & Schlechtendal) Blume ex Roem. & Schult.

Reference: FP 1238: 415. 


$


 Struthanthus polystachyus (Ruiz & Pav.) G. Don



Struthanthus polystachyus (Ruiz & Pav.) G. Don

Synonyms: Struthanthus polystachyus Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1238: 413; Kuijt, J., 1986: 155. 
Ecology: Endemic parasitic shrub. Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA photo F!), Schunke 10615 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Madre de Dios.


$


 Struthanthus pyrifolius (Kunth) G. Don


Struthanthus pyrifolius (Kunth) G. Don = Phthirusa pyrifolia (Kunth) Eichler

Reference: FP 1238: 414; Kuijt, J., 1986: 157. 


$


 Struthanthus pyrifolius var. terminalis (J.F. Macbr.) J.F. Macbr.


Struthanthus pyrifolius var. terminalis (J.F. Macbr.) J.F. Macbr. = Phthirusa pyrifolia (Kunth) Eichler

Reference: FP 1238: 414. 


$


 Struthanthus retroflexus (Ruiz & Pav.) Blume


Struthanthus retroflexus (Ruiz & Pav.) Blume = Phthirusa retroflexa (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuijt

Reference: FP 1238: 414; Kuijt, J., 1980: 521. 


$


 Struthanthus retusus (Chamisso & Schlechtendal) Blume ex Roem. & Schult.



Struthanthus retusus (Chamisso & Schlechtendal) Blume ex Roem. & Schult.

Synonyms: Struthanthus retusus (C. Martius ex Roemer & Schultes) C. Martius ex G. Don, Struthanthus retusus C. Martius ex Roemer & Schultes, Struthanthus retusus Cham. & Schltdl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1238: 415. 
Ecology: Native parasitic shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Tessmann 3298 
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Struthanthus rufus (Mart.) J.F. Macbr.



Struthanthus rufus (Mart.) J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1238: 414. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   Mentioned under S. pyrifolius [=Phthirusa pyrifolia].  


$


 Struthanthus santaremensis (Eichler) Baehni & J. F. Macbride



Struthanthus santaremensis (Eichler) Baehni & J. F. Macbride

Reference: Flora Peru: 1238: 414; Kuijt, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   Mentioned under S. pyrifolia [=Phthirusa pyrifolia]. 


$


 Struthanthus sarmentosus (Ruiz & Pav.) Blume



Struthanthus sarmentosus (Ruiz & Pav.) Blume

Synonyms: Struthanthus sarmentosus Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1238: 415. 
Ecology: Endemic parasitic shrub. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n. (G photo F!), Vargas 9816 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Struthanthus spicatus (Jacq.) G. Don


Struthanthus spicatus (Jacq.) G. Don = Oryctanthus spicatus (Jacq.) Eichler

Reference: Kuijt, J., 1976: 527. 


$


 Struthanthus tenuis Patschovsky



Struthanthus tenuis Patschovsky

Reference: Flora Peru: 1238: 415. 
Ecology: Endemic parasitic shrub. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 1945* (B photo F!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Strychnos amazonica Krukoff



Strychnos amazonica Krukoff

Reference: Flora Peru: 1341: 256; Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 227; Krukoff, B. A., 1979: 216. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 131* (US), Smith 1303 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto.


$


 Strychnos asperula Sprague & Sandwith



Strychnos asperula Sprague & Sandwith

Reference: Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 214; Krukoff, B. A., 1979: 211. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez et al. 6963 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Strychnos barnhartiana Krukoff



Strychnos barnhartiana Krukoff

Reference: Flora Peru: 1341: 257; Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 216. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   , although it is expected (Krukoff, 1972a). 


$


 Strychnos brachiata Ruiz & Pav.



Strychnos brachiata Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Strychnos brachiata Sprague & Sandwith
Reference: Flora Peru: 1341: 257; Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 217; Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 50. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: riversides, terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (F photo Krukoff!), Schunke 5021 (MO!)
Departments: Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Strychnos castelnaeana Wedd.



Strychnos castelnaeana Wedd.

Synonyms: Strychnos castelnaeana Wedd.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1341: 258; Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 244. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Castelnau s.n.* (P)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Strychnos castelnaei Wedd.


Strychnos castelnaei Wedd. = Strychnos castelnaeana Wedd.

Reference: FP 1341: 258; Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 244. 


$


 Strychnos cogens Benth.



Strychnos cogens Benth.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1341: 259; Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 240. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: The voucher was questionably determined by Leeuwenberg in 1985. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 42570 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Strychnos colombiensis Krukoff & Barneby



Strychnos colombiensis Krukoff & Barneby

Reference: Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 214; Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 49. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian, Andean I: riversides, terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 5135 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto.


$


 Strychnos darienensis Seem.



Strychnos darienensis Seem.

Synonyms: Strychnos darienensis Gilg ex Ule
Reference: Flora Peru: 1341: 259; Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 234; Krukoff, B. A., 1976: 315. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian, Andean I: riversides, seasonally inundated areas, terra firme forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Ayala 704 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Strychnos diaboli Sandwith



Strychnos diaboli Sandwith

Reference: Flora Peru: 1431: 260; Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 224. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Strychnos duckei Krukoff & Monachino



Strychnos duckei Krukoff & Monachino

Reference: Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 239. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   , although it is expected (Krukoff, 1972a). 


$


 Strychnos erichsonii M.R. Schomb. ex Progel



Strychnos erichsonii M.R. Schomb. ex Progel

Reference: Flora Peru: 1341: 260; Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 230; Krukoff, B. A., 1977: 20. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas, riversides, terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Revilla 1158 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Strychnos gigantea Barb. Rodr.


Strychnos gigantea Barb. Rodr. = Strychnos peckii B.L. Rob.

Reference: FP 1341: 265; Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 229. 


$


 Strychnos glabra Sagot



Strychnos glabra Sagot

Reference: Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 237; Krukoff, B. A. & R. C. Barneby, 1973: 101. 
Ecology: Native liana. Andean I: terra firme forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 5633 (MO!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Strychnos guianensis (Aubl.) Mart.



Strychnos guianensis (Aubl.) Mart.

Synonyms: Strychnos guianensis Aubl., Strychnos guianensis J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1341: 261; Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 235; Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 52. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian, Andean I: seasonally inundated areas, riversides, terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 7639 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto.


$


 Strychnos guianensis var. trichina J.F. Macbr.


Strychnos guianensis var. trichina J.F. Macbr. = Strychnos guianensis (Aubl.) Mart.

Reference: FP 1341: 261; Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 235. 


$


 Strychnos javariensis Krukoff



Strychnos javariensis Krukoff

Reference: Flora Peru: 1341: 262; Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 224. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   , although it is expected (Krukoff, 1972a). 


$


 Strychnos jobertiana Baill.



Strychnos jobertiana Baill.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1341: 262; Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 225; Krukoff, B. A. & R. C. Barneby, 1973: 99. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: riversides, seasonally inundated areas, terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 5670 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Ucayali.


$


 Strychnos lobelioides Krukoff & Barneby



Strychnos lobelioides Krukoff & Barneby

Reference: Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 228; Krukoff, B. A., 1982: 435. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Huashikat 1229 (NY)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Strychnos longisepala Krukoff


Strychnos longisepala Krukoff = Strychnos poeppigii Progel

Reference: FP 1341: 263; Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 253. 


$


 Strychnos mattogrossensis S. Moore



Strychnos mattogrossensis S. Moore

Reference: Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 251; Krukoff, B. A., 1976: 317. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: riversides, seasonally inundated areas, terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: D&iacute;az & Jaramillo 1200 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Ucayali.


$


 Strychnos mitscherlichii M.R. Schomb.



Strychnos mitscherlichii M.R. Schomb.

$


 Strychnos mitscherlichii var.mitscherlichii



Strychnos mitscherlichii var. mitscherlichii 

Synonyms: Strychnos mitscherlichii mitscherlichii Benth.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1341: 263; Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 232; Krukoff, B. A., 1976: 314. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: riversides, terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Berlin 1716 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto.


$


 Strychnos neglecta Krukoff & Barneby



Strychnos neglecta Krukoff & Barneby

Reference: Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 250. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   , although it is expected (Krukoff, 1972a). 


$


 Strychnos nigricans Progel



Strychnos nigricans Progel

Reference: Flora Peru: 1341: 264; Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 251. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   The voucher cited in the Flora of Peru (Williams 11) was redetermined as Strychnos mattogrossensis S. Moore by Krukoff (1972: 251). 


$


 Strychnos panurensis Sprague & Sandwith



Strychnos panurensis Sprague & Sandwith

Synonyms: Strychnos panurensis J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1341: 264; Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 238; Krukoff, B. A. & R. C. Barneby, 1973: 101. 
Ecology: Native liana, shrub, tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 1250 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Strychnos parviflora Spruce ex Benth.



Strychnos parviflora Spruce ex Benth.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1341: 265; Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 243; Krukoff, B. A. & R. C. Barneby, 1973: 102. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: riversides, terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Croat 20469 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Strychnos peckii B.L. Rob.



Strychnos peckii B.L. Rob.

Synonyms: Strychnos peckii Barb. Rodr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1341: 265; Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 229; Krukoff, B. A. & R. C. Barneby, 1973: 100. 
Ecology: Native liana, vine. Amazonian, Andean I: riversides, terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Revilla 751 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Strychnos placida J.F. Macbr.


Strychnos placida J.F. Macbr. = Strychnos panurensis Sprague & Sandwith

Reference: FP 1341: 264; Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 238. 


$


 Strychnos poeppigii Progel



Strychnos poeppigii Progel

Synonyms: Strychnos poeppigii Krukoff
Reference: Flora Peru: 1341: 266; Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 253; Krukoff, B. A. & R. C. Barneby, 1973: 107. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I-II: riversides, seasonally inundated areas, terra firme forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig s.n.* (F), Woytkowski 5452 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Pasco, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Strychnos progeliana Krukoff & Barneby



Strychnos progeliana Krukoff & Barneby

Reference: Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 245. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   , although it is expected (Krukoff, 1972a). 


$


 Strychnos ramentifera Ducke



Strychnos ramentifera Ducke

Reference: Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 214. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   , although it is expected (Krukoff, 1972a). 


$


 Strychnos rondeletioides Spruce ex Benth.



Strychnos rondeletioides Spruce ex Benth.

Synonyms: Strychnos rondeletioides Krukoff
Reference: Flora Peru: 1341: 267; Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 215; Krukoff, B. A., 1977: 18. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: riversides, seasonally inundated areas, terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez et al. 7398 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Strychnos ruizii Sprague & Sandwith


Strychnos ruizii Sprague & Sandwith = Strychnos brachiata Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1341: 257; Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 217. 


$


 Strychnos sandwithiana Krukoff & Barneby



Strychnos sandwithiana Krukoff & Barneby

Reference: Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 225; Krukoff, B. A., 1977: 19. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: disturbed areas, riversides, seasonally inundated areas, terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 15643 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Strychnos schunkei Krukoff & Barneby



Strychnos schunkei Krukoff & Barneby

Reference: Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 53; Krukoff, B. A., 1979: 206. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian, Andean I: terra firme forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 5763* (NY), Schunke 9175 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Strychnos smilacina Benth.


Strychnos smilacina Benth. = Strychnos mitscherlichii var. mitscherlichii 

Reference: FP 1341: 263. 


$


 Strychnos smithiana Krukoff


Strychnos smithiana Krukoff = Strychnos rondeletioides Spruce ex Benth.

Reference: FP 1341: 267; Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 215. 


$


 Strychnos solerederi Gilg



Strychnos solerederi Gilg

Reference: Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 233; Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 51. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: riversides, terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 4562 (MO!)
Departments: Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Strychnos solimoesana Krukoff



Strychnos solimoesana Krukoff

Reference: Flora Peru: 1341: 268; Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 227; Krukoff, B. A., 1982: 434. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 29253 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Strychnos subcordata Spruce ex Benth.



Strychnos subcordata Spruce ex Benth.

Reference: Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 237; Krukoff, B. A., 1982: 75. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Williams 863 (F)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Strychnos tarapotensis Sprague & Sandwith



Strychnos tarapotensis Sprague & Sandwith

Reference: Flora Peru: 1341: 268; Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 253; Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 53. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, riversides, terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 4889* (K), Dwyer 6265 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Strychnos toxifera R.H. Schomb. ex Benth.



Strychnos toxifera R.H. Schomb. ex Benth.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1341: 269; Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 222. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   , although it is expected (Krukoff, 1972a). 


$


 Strychnos tseasnum Krukoff & Barneby



Strychnos tseasnum Krukoff & Barneby

Reference: Krukoff, B. A., 1982: 434. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Huashikat 1229* (MO!), Tunqui 944 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto.


$


 Strychnos ulei Gilg ex Ule


Strychnos ulei Gilg ex Ule = Strychnos darienensis Seem.

Reference: FP 1341: 260; Krukoff, B. A., 1972: 234. 


$


 Stryphnodendron floribundum Benth.


Stryphnodendron floribundum Benth. = Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum (Willd.) Hochreutiner

Reference: FP 21: 106; Martins, E. M. O., 1981: 72. 


$


 Stryphnodendron guianense (Aubl.) Benth.



Stryphnodendron guianense (Aubl.) Benth.

$


 Stryphnodendron guianense fo. floribundum (Benth.) Ducke


Stryphnodendron guianense fo. floribundum (Benth.) Ducke = Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum (Willd.) Hochreutiner

Reference: FP 21: 106; Martins, E. M. O., 1981: 72. 


$


 Stryphnodendron guianense subsp.glandulosum Forero



Stryphnodendron guianense subsp. glandulosum Forero

Reference: Forero, E., 1972: 145; Martins, E. M. O., 1981: 44. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests, riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 5462 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Madre de Dios, Ucayali.


$


 Stryphnodendron microstachyum Poepp.



Stryphnodendron microstachyum Poepp.

Synonyms: Stryphnodendron microstachyum Ducke
Reference: Martins, E. M. O., 1981: 52. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 47 (NY)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Stryphnodendron polystachyum (Miq.) Kleinhoonte



Stryphnodendron polystachyum (Miq.) Kleinhoonte

Synonyms: Stryphnodendron polystachyum Miq.
Reference: Martins, E. M. O., 1981: 66. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests on white sand. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 9648 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Pasco.


$


 Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum (Willd.) Hochreutiner



Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum (Willd.) Hochreutiner

Synonyms: Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum (Benth.) Ducke, Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum (Willd.) Poir., Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum Benth., Stryphnodendron pulcherrimum Willd.
Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 105; Martins, E. M. O., 1981: 72. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Kuhlmann 1378 (RB)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Stryphnodendron purpureum Ducke


Stryphnodendron purpureum Ducke = Stryphnodendron microstachyum Poepp.

Reference: FP 21: 106; Martins, E. M. O., 1981: 52. 


$


 Stuckertiella capitata (Wedd.) P. Beauv.



Stuckertiella capitata (Wedd.) P. Beauv.

Synonyms: Stuckertiella capitata (Wedd.) Griseb., Stuckertiella capitata Rusby, Stuckertiella capitata Wedd.
Reference: Flora Peru: 27926: 63. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, grasslands. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Gay s.n.* (P frag. F), Dillon et al. 3115 (MO)
Departments: Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Pasco, Puno.


$


 Sturmia elliptica Rchb. f.


Sturmia elliptica Rchb. f. = Liparis elliptica (Rchb. f.) Rchb. f.

Reference: FP 1467: 380; Christenson, pers. comm.; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Stylagrostis chrysantha (J. Presl) Mez


Stylagrostis chrysantha (J. Presl) Mez = Calamagrostis chrysantha (J. Presl) Steud.

Reference: FP 719: 156. 


$


 Stylagrostis eminens (J. Presl) Mez


Stylagrostis eminens (J. Presl) Mez = Calamagrostis eminens (J. Presl) Steud.

Reference: FP 719: 156. 


$


 Stylagrostis ovata (J. Presl) Mez


Stylagrostis ovata (J. Presl) Mez = Calamagrostis ovata (J. Presl) Steud.

Reference: FP 719: 159. 


$


 Styloceras brokawii A.H. Gentry & R. Foster



Styloceras brokawii A.H. Gentry & R. Foster

Reference: Gentry, A. H. & R. Foster, 1981: 122. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Foster et al. 2474* (MO!), Gentry et al. 27221 (MO!)
Departments: Madre de Dios.


$


 Styloceras kunthianum Juss.



Styloceras kunthianum Juss.

Reference: Flora Peru: 676: 221; Gentry, A. H. & R. Foster, 1981: 122. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   Erroneously synonymized with S. laurifolium in the Flora of Peru.  


$


 Styloceras laurifolium (Willd.) Kunth



Styloceras laurifolium (Willd.) Kunth

Synonyms: Styloceras laurifolium Willd.
Reference: Flora Peru: 676: 22; Gentry, A. H. & R. Foster, 1981: 123. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II-III: grasslands. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Young 4328 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Stylogyne amazonica Mez


Stylogyne amazonica Mez = Stylogyne longifolia (Mart. ex Miq.) Mez

Reference: Mez, C., 1902: 275. 


$


 Stylogyne ambigua (C. Mart.) Mez



Stylogyne ambigua (C. Mart.) Mez

Synonyms: Stylogyne ambigua (C. Mart.) G. Agostini, Stylogyne ambigua C. Mart.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1335: 192; Agostini, G., 1970: 403. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. . 
Voucher: Ule 9683 


$


 Stylogyne amplifolia J.F. Macbr.


Stylogyne amplifolia J.F. Macbr. = Stylogyne longifolia (Mart. ex Miq.) Mez

Reference: FP 1335: 192. 


$


 Stylogyne ardisioides (Kunth) Mez


Stylogyne ardisioides (Kunth) Mez = Stylogyne micrantha (Kunth) Mez

Reference: FP 1335: 193. 


$


 Stylogyne bracteolata (Lundell) Pipoly



Stylogyne bracteolata (Lundell) Pipoly

Synonyms: Stylogyne bracteolata Lundell
Reference: Pipoly III, J. J., 1989: 2. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Kayap 1409* (MO!), Berlin 1856 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Stylogyne cauliflora (Mart. & Miq.) Mez



Stylogyne cauliflora (Mart. & Miq.) Mez

Synonyms: Stylogyne cauliflora Mart. & Miq.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1335: 194. 
Ecology: Native shrub, subshrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: cloud forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez 2542 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Ucayali.


$


 Stylogyne chartacea (J. F. Macbride) J.F. Macbr.


Stylogyne chartacea (J. F. Macbride) J.F. Macbr. = Stylogyne micrantha (Kunth) Mez

Reference: FP 1335: 194. 


$


 Stylogyne gentryi Lundell


Stylogyne gentryi Lundell = Stylogyne serpentina Mez

Reference: Lundell, C. L., 1976: 240. 
Note: Name widely used on herbarium specimens.  


$


 Stylogyne laxiflora (Bentham pro. syn.) Mez



Stylogyne laxiflora (Bentham pro. syn.) Mez

Synonyms: Stylogyne laxiflora Bentham pro. syn.
Reference: Mez, C., 1902: 273. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez et al. 14271 (AMAZ, MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Stylogyne longifolia (Mart. ex Miq.) Mez



Stylogyne longifolia (Mart. ex Miq.) Mez

Synonyms: Stylogyne longifolia J.F. Macbr., Stylogyne longifolia Mart. ex Miq., Stylogyne longifolia Mez, Stylogyne longifolia Mez
Reference: Flora Peru: 1335: 195. 
Ecology: Native shrub, subshrub, tree. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 1920* (B photo F!), V&aacute;squez 4454 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Stylogyne mathewsii Mez



Stylogyne mathewsii Mez

Reference: Flora Peru: 1335: 196; Pipoly III, J. J., 1989: 3. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Mathews 1200* (K)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Stylogyne micrantha (Kunth) Mez



Stylogyne micrantha (Kunth) Mez

Synonyms: Stylogyne micrantha (J. F. Macbride) J.F. Macbr., Stylogyne micrantha (Kunth) Mez, Stylogyne micrantha J.F. Macbr., Stylogyne micrantha J.F. Macbr., Stylogyne micrantha Kunth, Stylogyne micrantha Kunth
Reference: Mez, C., 1902: 276. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree, treelet. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests, rocky slopes, seasonally inundated areas. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Bonpland s.n.* (P), N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 5403 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Stylogyne poeppigii Mez


Stylogyne poeppigii Mez = Stylogyne longifolia (Mart. ex Miq.) Mez

Reference: FP 1335: 196. 


$


 Stylogyne serpentina Mez



Stylogyne serpentina Mez

Synonyms: Stylogyne serpentina Lundell
Reference: Flora Peru: 1335: 197; Lundell, C. L., 1976: 240. 
Ecology: Native shrub, treelet. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Ule 9688* (B photo F), D&iacute;az 2952 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Stylogyne turbacensis (Kunth) Mez



Stylogyne turbacensis (Kunth) Mez

Synonyms: Stylogyne turbacensis Kunth
Reference: Mez, C., 1902: 270. 
Ecology: Native tree, treelet. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: D&iacute;az 3104 (MO!)
Departments: Tumbes.


$


 Stylosanthes gracilis Kunth


Stylosanthes gracilis Kunth = Stylosanthes guianensis var. gracilis (Kunth) Vogel

Reference: Mannetje, L. 't, 1977: 355. 


$


 Stylosanthes guianensis (Aubl.) Sw.



Stylosanthes guianensis (Aubl.) Sw.

$


 Stylosanthes guianensis (Aubl.) Sw. var.guianensis



Stylosanthes guianensis (Aubl.) Sw. var. guianensis 

Synonyms: Stylosanthes guianensis guianensis Aubl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 410; Mohlenbrock, R. H., 1958: 332; Mannetje, L. 't, 1977: 353. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests, grasslands. 0-2500 m. 
Note: Treated by Mohlenbrock (1957) at the rank of subspecies; often spelled "guyan(n)ensis." 
Voucher: Woytkowski 8313 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Lambayeque, San Mart&iacute;n, Piura, Tumbes, Ucayali.


$


 Stylosanthes guianensis var.gracilis (Kunth) Vogel



Stylosanthes guianensis var. gracilis (Kunth) Vogel

Synonyms: Stylosanthes guianensis gracilis Kunth
Reference: Mannetje, L. 't, 1977: 355. 
Ecology: Native herb, subshrub. Andean II: disturbed areas, grasslands, shrublands. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Chrostowski 66-45 (NY)
Departments: Pasco.


$


 Stylosanthes hamata (L.) Taub.



Stylosanthes hamata (L.) Taub.

Synonyms: Stylosanthes hamata L.
Reference: Mohlenbrock, R. H., 1958: 324. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean I: disturbed areas. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 3554 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Stylosanthes nervosa J.F. Macbr.



Stylosanthes nervosa J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 411; Mohlenbrock, R. H., 1958: 323. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II: disturbed areas, riversides. 500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 6215* (F), L&oacute;pez et al. 4358 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Stylosanthes psammophila Harms


Stylosanthes psammophila Harms = Stylosanthes sympodialis Taub.

Reference: FP 21: 412; Mohlenbrock, R. H., 1958: 317. 


$


 Stylosanthes scabra Vogel



Stylosanthes scabra Vogel

Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 412; Mohlenbrock, R. H., 1958: 315. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean I: grasslands, shrublands. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 5437 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Stylosanthes sympodialis Taub.



Stylosanthes sympodialis Taub.

Synonyms: Stylosanthes sympodialis Harms
Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 412; Mohlenbrock, R. H., 1958: 317. 
Ecology: Native herb, subshrub. Coastal: semi-deciduous forests, shrublands. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Haught 134 (US)
Departments: Piura, Tumbes.


$


 Stylosanthes tuberculata S.F. Blake



Stylosanthes tuberculata S.F. Blake

Reference: Mohlenbrock, R. H., 1958: 316. 
Ecology: Native herb, subshrub. Andean II: shrublands. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 6451 (GH)
Departments: Huancavelica.


$


 Styrax argenteus Presl



Styrax argenteus Presl

$


 Styrax argenteus var.ramirezii (Greenm.) Gonsoulin



Styrax argenteus var. ramirezii (Greenm.) Gonsoulin

Synonyms: Styrax argenteus ramirezii Greenm.
Reference: Gonsoulin, G. J., 1974: 227. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Rimachi 2614 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Piura.


$


 Styrax argyrophyllus Perkins



Styrax argyrophyllus Perkins

Reference: Flora Peru: 1339: 227. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Andean II: shrublands. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Jelski 14* (B)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Styrax cordatus (Ruiz & Pavon) A.DC.



Styrax cordatus (Ruiz & Pavon) A.DC.

Synonyms: Styrax cordatus (Ruiz & Pavon) DC., Styrax cordatus (Ruiz & Pavon) Pers., Styrax cordatus Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1339: 228. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Andean I-II: forests. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Gentry et al. 44158 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Pasco.


$


 Styrax ferax J.F. Macbr.



Styrax ferax J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1339: 228. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Andean I: forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Schunke 431* (F)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Styrax foveolaria Perk.



Styrax foveolaria Perk.

Synonyms: Styrax foveolaria (Ruiz & Pavon) Pers., Styrax foveolaria DC., Styrax foveolaria Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1339: 229. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (B)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Styrax heteroclitus J.F. Macbr.



Styrax heteroclitus J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1339: 230. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Klug 3110* (F)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Styrax longifolius Standl.


Styrax longifolius Standl. = Styrax tessmannii Perkins

Reference: FP 1339: 234. 


$


 Styrax mathewsii Perkins



Styrax mathewsii Perkins

Reference: Flora Peru: 1339: 230. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, tree. Andean II: forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Mathews 2129* (K!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Styrax oblongus (Ruiz & Pavon) A. DC.



Styrax oblongus (Ruiz & Pavon) A. DC.

Synonyms: Styrax oblongus (Ruiz & Pavon) DC., Styrax oblongus (Ruiz & Pavon) Pers., Styrax oblongus Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1339: 230. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (K!), Schunkce 7918 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Styrax ovatus (Ruiz & Pav.) A. DC.



Styrax ovatus (Ruiz & Pav.) A. DC.

Synonyms: Styrax ovatus (Ruiz & Pavon) DC., Styrax ovatus (Ruiz & Pavon) Pers., Styrax ovatus Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1339: 231. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean II: forests. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (K!), Young 1453 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Styrax pavonii A.DC.



Styrax pavonii A.DC.

Synonyms: Styrax pavonii (A. DC.) Miers
Reference: Flora Peru: 1339: 232. 
Ecology. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (K!)
Departments: Pasco.


$


 Styrax pentlandianus Remy



Styrax pentlandianus Remy

$


 Styrax peruvianum Zahlbr.



Styrax peruvianum Zahlbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1339: 232. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Andean II: shrublands. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Jelski 16* (B)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Styrax poissonianus J. Perkins



Styrax poissonianus J. Perkins

Reference: Flora Peru: 1339: 233. 
Note: Not known from Peru. The type, Grisar s.n., is probably not from Peru.  


$


 Styrax ramirezii Greenm.


Styrax ramirezii Greenm. = Styrax argenteus var. ramirezii (Greenm.) Gonsoulin

Reference: Gonsoulin, G. J., 1974: 227. 


$


 Styrax socialis J.F. Macbr.



Styrax socialis J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1339: 234. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Andean I: shrublands. 1000-1500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 7819* (K!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Styrax tarapotensis Perkins



Styrax tarapotensis Perkins

Reference: Flora Peru: 1339: 234. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 4827* (K!), Klug 1978 (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Styrax tessmannii Perkins



Styrax tessmannii Perkins

Synonyms: Styrax tessmannii Standl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1339: 234. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Tessmann 3272* (B photo F!), Gentry & Revilla 29322 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Styrax weberbaueri Perk.



Styrax weberbaueri Perk.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1339: 235. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 4367* (K!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Suaeda divaricata var. tenuifolia Reiche


Suaeda divaricata var. tenuifolia Reiche = Suaeda foliosa var. tenuifolia (Phil.) Standl.

Reference: FP 1253: 470. 


$


 Suaeda foliosa var.foliosa



Suaeda foliosa var. foliosa 

Reference: Flora Peru: 1253: 470; Gal&aacute;n-Mera, A., 1989: 195. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Suaeda foliosa var.tenuifolia (Phil.) Standl.



Suaeda foliosa var. tenuifolia (Phil.) Standl.

Synonyms: Suaeda foliosa tenuifolia Phil., Suaeda foliosa var. tenuifolia Reiche
Reference: Flora Peru: 1253: 470. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Suaeda tenuifolia Phil.


Suaeda tenuifolia Phil. = Suaeda foliosa var. tenuifolia (Phil.) Standl.

Reference: FP 1253: 470. 


$


 Submatucana aurantiaca (Vaupel) Backeb.


Submatucana aurantiaca (Vaupel) Backeb. = Matucana aurantiaca (Vaupel) Buxb.

Reference: Ritter, F., 1981: 1489; Hunt, D., 1992: 132. 


$


 Submatucana aureiflora (F. Ritter) Backeb.


Submatucana aureiflora (F. Ritter) Backeb. = Matucana aureiflora F. Ritter

Reference: Ritter, F., 1981: 1509; Hunt, D., 1992: 132. 


$


 Submatucana calvescens (Kimnach & Hutchison) Backeb.


Submatucana calvescens (Kimnach & Hutchison) Backeb. = Matucana aurantiaca (Vaupel) Buxb.

Reference: Ritter, F., 1981: 1489; Hunt, D., 1992: 132. 


$


 Submatucana formosa (F. Ritter) Backeb.


Submatucana formosa (F. Ritter) Backeb. = Matucana formosa F. Ritter

Reference: Hunt, D., 1992: 132. 


$


 Submatucana intertexta (F. Ritter) Backeb.


Submatucana intertexta (F. Ritter) Backeb. = Matucana intertexta F. Ritter

Reference: Hunt, D., 1992: 132. 


$


 Submatucana madisoniorum (Hutchison) Backeb.


Submatucana madisoniorum (Hutchison) Backeb. = Matucana madisoniorum (Hutchison) G.D. Rowley

Reference: Rowley, G. D., 1973: 10; Ritter, F., 1981: 1487; Hunt, D., 1992: 132. 


$


 Submatucana myriacantha (Vaupel) Backeb.


Submatucana myriacantha (Vaupel) Backeb. = Matucana myriacantha (Vaupel) Buxb.

Reference: Ritter, F., 1981: 1500; Hunt, D., 1992: 132. 
Note: See note under Matucana myriacantha.  


$


 Submatucana ritteri (Buining) Backeb.


Submatucana ritteri (Buining) Backeb. = Matucana ritteri Buining

Reference: Hunt, D., 1992: 132. 


$


 Suessenguthia cuscoensis Wassh.



Suessenguthia cuscoensis Wassh.

Reference: Wasshausen, D. C., 1970: 122. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Vargas 11288* (CUZ!, US!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Suessenguthia leucerythra (Leonard & L.B. Sm.) Wassh.



Suessenguthia leucerythra (Leonard & L.B. Sm.) Wassh.

Synonyms: Suessenguthia leucerythra Leonard & L.B. Sm.
Reference: Wasshausen, D. C., 1970: 122. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 25271* (US!), Wasshausen & Encarnaci&oacute;n 520 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Suessenguthia trichilophila Merxm.



Suessenguthia trichilophila Merxm.

Reference: Wasshausen, D. C., 1970: 124. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean I: forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Note:   
Voucher: Wasshausen & Salas 1213 (MO!)
Departments: Puno.


$


 Suessenguthia vargasii Wassh.



Suessenguthia vargasii Wassh.

Reference: Wasshausen, D. C., 1970: 124. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, riversides. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Wasshausen & Encarnaci&oacute;n 585* (US!), Foster 3024 (US!)
Departments: Cuzco, Madre de Dios, Puno.


$


 Sutrina bicolor Lindl.



Sutrina bicolor Lindl.

Synonyms: Sutrina bicolor (Lindley) Schltr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 783; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. . 
Voucher: Mathews s.n.* 


$


 Swallenochloa depauperata (Pilg.) McClure


Swallenochloa depauperata (Pilg.) McClure = Chusquea depauperata Pilg.

Reference: McClure, F. A., 1973: 112; Clark, L. G., 1989: 38. 


$


 Swallenochloa spicata (Munro) McClure


Swallenochloa spicata (Munro) McClure = Chusquea tessellata Munro

Reference: McClure, F. A., 1973: 112; Clark, L. G., 1989: 62. 


$


 Swallenochloa tessellata (Munro) McClure


Swallenochloa tessellata (Munro) McClure = Chusquea tessellata Munro

Reference: McClure, F. A., 1973: 113; Clark, L. G., 1989: 38. 


$


 Swallenochloa weberbaueri (Pilg.) McClure


Swallenochloa weberbaueri (Pilg.) McClure = Chusquea tessellata Munro

Reference: McClure, F. A., 1973: 113; Clark, L. G., 1989: 62. 


$


 Swartzia acuminata Willd. ex Vogel


Swartzia acuminata Willd. ex Vogel = Swartzia polyphylla DC.

Reference: FP 21: 222; Cowan, R. S., 1968: 84. 


$


 Swartzia alterna Benth.


Swartzia alterna Benth. = Bocoa alterna (Benth.) R.S. Cowan

Reference: Cowan, R. S., 1974: 115. 


$


 Swartzia amplifolia Harms



Swartzia amplifolia Harms

$


 Swartzia amplifolia Harms var.amplifolia



Swartzia amplifolia Harms var. amplifolia 

Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 222; Cowan, R. S., 1968: 74. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests, riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Tessmann 4591* (B photo F!), Klug 3122 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Swartzia arborescens (Aubl.) Pittier



Swartzia arborescens (Aubl.) Pittier

Synonyms: Swartzia arborescens (Aubl.) Britton, Swartzia arborescens (Aubl.) Kuntze, Swartzia arborescens Aubl., Swartzia arborescens Sw. ex Steud., Swartzia arborescens Willd.
Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 223; Cowan, R. S., 1968: 180; Spichiger, R., J. Meroz, P. Loizeau & L. Stutz de Ortega, 1989: 306. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 45576 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Swartzia auriculata Poepp.



Swartzia auriculata Poepp.

Reference: Cowan, R. S., 1968: 184. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: van der Werff 10055 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto.


$


 Swartzia benthamiana Miq.



Swartzia benthamiana Miq.

$


 Swartzia benthamiana Miq. var.benthamiana



Swartzia benthamiana Miq. var. benthamiana 

Reference: Cowan, R. S., 1968: 136. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests on white sand. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Mendoza 521 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Swartzia brachyrachis Harms



Swartzia brachyrachis Harms

$


 Swartzia brachyrachis var.peruviana R.S. Cowan



Swartzia brachyrachis var. peruviana R.S. Cowan

Reference: Cowan, R. S., 1968: 194. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Lao Majin 55* (US), Gentry et al. 56106 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Ucayali.


$


 Swartzia calophylla Poepp.


Swartzia calophylla Poepp. = Swartzia simplex (Sw.) Spreng. var. simplex 

Reference: FP 21: 224; Cowan, R. S., 1968: 174. 


$


 Swartzia calva R.S. Cowan



Swartzia calva R.S. Cowan

Reference: Cowan, R. S., 1973: 454. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, riversides. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 2509* (US), V&aacute;squez et al. 4334 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Swartzia cardiosperma Spruce ex Benth.



Swartzia cardiosperma Spruce ex Benth.

Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 224; Cowan, R. S., 1968: 55; Spichiger, R., J. Meroz, P. Loizeau & L. Stutz de Ortega, 1989: 308. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez et al. 10387 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Swartzia cuspidata Spruce ex Benth.



Swartzia cuspidata Spruce ex Benth.

Synonyms: Swartzia cuspidata (Spruce ex Benth.) Kuntze, Swartzia cuspidata (Spruce ex Benth.) Taub.
Reference: Cowan, R. S., 1968: 124; Spichiger, R., J. Meroz, P. Loizeau & L. Stutz de Ortega, 1989: 310. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: CID-JH 4/132 (USM!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Swartzia floribunda Spruce ex Benth.



Swartzia floribunda Spruce ex Benth.

Reference: Cowan, R. S., 1968: 202. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Berlin 540 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Swartzia grandiflora J.F. Gmel.


Swartzia grandiflora J.F. Gmel. = Solandra grandiflora Sw.

$


 Swartzia huallagae D.R. Simpson



Swartzia huallagae D.R. Simpson

Reference: Simpson, D. R., 1975: 313. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 4490* (F), Schunke 4442 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Swartzia laevicarpa Amshoff



Swartzia laevicarpa Amshoff

Reference: Cowan, R. S., 1968: 137. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez et al. 5976 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Swartzia longiflora Britton & P. Wilson


Swartzia longiflora Britton & P. Wilson = Solandra longiflora Tussac

$


 Swartzia macrosema Harms



Swartzia macrosema Harms

Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 225; Cowan, R. S., 1968: 50. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Tessmann 4217* (S), Woytkowski 5626 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Swartzia mathewsii Benth.


Swartzia mathewsii Benth. = Cyathostegia mathewsii (Benth.) Schery

Reference: FP 21: 225; Rudd, V. E., 1968: 389. 


$


 Swartzia myrtifolia Smith



Swartzia myrtifolia Smith

$


 Swartzia myrtifolia Smith var.myrtifolia



Swartzia myrtifolia Smith var. myrtifolia 

Synonyms: Swartzia myrtifolia myrtifolia (Smith) Kuntze, Swartzia myrtifolia myrtifolia (Smith) Taub., Swartzia myrtifolia myrtifolia Kunth
Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 226; Cowan, R. S., 1968: 168. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Knapp et al. 7236 (MO!)
Departments: Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Swartzia myrtifolia var.peruviana R.S. Cowan



Swartzia myrtifolia var. peruviana R.S. Cowan

Reference: Cowan, R. S., 1968: 167. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Williams 5313* (F), Woytkowski 5339 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto.


$


 Swartzia ochnacea DC.


Swartzia ochnacea DC. = Swartzia simplex var. continentalis Urb.

Reference: Cowan, R. S., 1968: 178; McVaugh, R., 1987: 705. 


$


 Swartzia opacifolia J.F. Macbr.


Swartzia opacifolia J.F. Macbr. = Swartzia polyphylla DC.

Reference: FP 21: 226; Cowan, R. S., 1968: 84; Spichiger, R., J. Meroz, P. Loizeau & L. Stutz de Ortega, 1989: 310. 


$


 Swartzia pendula Spruce ex Benth.



Swartzia pendula Spruce ex Benth.

Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 227; Cowan, R. S., 1968: 205. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Croat 20552 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Swartzia polyphylla DC.



Swartzia polyphylla DC.

Synonyms: Swartzia polyphylla J.F. Macbr., Swartzia polyphylla Willd. ex Vogel
Reference: Cowan, R. S., 1968: 84; Spichiger, R., J. Meroz, P. Loizeau & L. Stutz de Ortega, 1989: 310. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests on white sand. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 39383 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Swartzia racemosa Benth.



Swartzia racemosa Benth.

$


 Swartzia racemosa var.klugii R.S. Cowan



Swartzia racemosa var. klugii R.S. Cowan

Reference: Cowan, R. S., 1968: 129. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 601* (US), Gentry et al. 42244 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Swartzia schunkei R.S. Cowan



Swartzia schunkei R.S. Cowan

Reference: Cowan, R. S., 1968: 76. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 122* (US), V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 8384 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Swartzia simplex (Sw.) Spreng.



Swartzia simplex (Sw.) Spreng.

$


 Swartzia simplex (Sw.) Spreng. var.simplex



Swartzia simplex (Sw.) Spreng. var. simplex 

Synonyms: Swartzia simplex simplex (Spreng.) Kuntze, Swartzia simplex simplex (Sw.) Taub., Swartzia simplex simplex (Sw.) Vahl, Swartzia simplex simplex Poepp., Swartzia simplex simplex Sw.
Reference: Cowan, R. S., 1968: 174. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, riversides. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Kayap 800 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Swartzia simplex var.continentalis Urb.



Swartzia simplex var. continentalis Urb.

Synonyms: Swartzia simplex continentalis DC., Swartzia simplex var. continentalis (DC.) R.S. Cowan
Reference: McVaugh, R., 1987: 705. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 29881 (US)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto.


$


 Swartzia simplex var.grandiflora (Raddi) R.S. Cowan



Swartzia simplex var. grandiflora (Raddi) R.S. Cowan

Synonyms: Swartzia simplex var. grandiflora Raddi
Reference: Cowan, R. S., 1968: 172. 
Ecology: Native tree. Coastal: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n 374 (FI)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Swartzia simplex var. ochnacea (DC.) R.S. Cowan


Swartzia simplex var. ochnacea (DC.) R.S. Cowan = Swartzia simplex var. continentalis Urb.

Reference: Cowan, R. S., 1968: 172; McVaugh, R., 1987: 705. 
Note: Variety continentalis has priority at the varietal level.  


$


 Swartzia tessmannii Harms



Swartzia tessmannii Harms

Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 227; Cowan, R. S., 1968: 162. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Tessmann 3631* (NY), Gentry et al. 41791 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Pasco.


$


 Swartzia triphylla var. grandiflora Raddi


Swartzia triphylla var. grandiflora Raddi = Swartzia simplex var. grandiflora (Raddi) R.S. Cowan

Reference: Cowan, R. S., 1968: 172. 


$


 Swartzia triphyllata Willd.


Swartzia triphyllata Willd. = Swartzia arborescens (Aubl.) Pittier

Reference: FP 21: 223; Cowan, R. S., 1968: 180. 
Note: nom. superfl.  In the Flora of Peru as "S. triphylla."  


$


 Swartzia weberbaueri Harms


Swartzia weberbaueri Harms = Cyathostegia weberbaueri (Harms) Schery

Reference: FP 21: 227; Rudd, V. E., 1968: 390. 


$


 Swertia asclepiadea Kunth


Swertia asclepiadea Kunth = Halenia asclepiadea (Kunth) G. Don

Reference: FP 1342: 354; Allen, C. K., 1933: 205. 


$


 Swertia brevicornis Kunth


Swertia brevicornis Kunth = Halenia brevicornis (Kunth) G. Don

Reference: FP 1342: 356; Allen, C. K., 1933: 140. 


$


 Swertia parviflora Kunth


Swertia parviflora Kunth = Halenia brevicornis (Kunth) G. Don

Reference: FP 1342: 356; Allen, C. K., 1933: 140. 


$


 Swertia pinifolia Ruiz & Pav. ex G. Don


Swertia pinifolia Ruiz & Pav. ex G. Don = Halenia pinifolia Ruiz & Pav. ex G. Don

Reference: FP 1342: 358; Allen, C. K., 1933: 185. 


$


 Swertia umbellata Ruiz & Pav.


Swertia umbellata Ruiz & Pav. = Halenia umbellata (Ruiz & Pav.) Gilg

Reference: FP 1342: 361; Allen, C. K., 1933: 196. 


$


 Swietenia krukovii Gleason


Swietenia krukovii Gleason = Swietenia macrophylla King

Reference: FP 663: 727; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 396. 


$


 Swietenia macrophylla King



Swietenia macrophylla King

Synonyms: Swietenia macrophylla Gleason, Swietenia macrophylla Harms
Reference: Flora Peru: 663: 727; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 395. 
Ecology: Cultivated tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 9450 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Lima, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq.



Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq.

Synonyms: Swietenia mahagoni L.
Reference: Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 401. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Medina & Daza 8 (MO!)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Swietenia tessmannii Harms


Swietenia tessmannii Harms = Swietenia macrophylla King

Reference: FP 663: 727; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 395. 


$


 Syagrus sancona H. Karst.



Syagrus sancona H. Karst.

Synonyms: Syagrus sancona Burret


$


 Syagrus smithii (H.E. Moore) Glassman



Syagrus smithii (H.E. Moore) Glassman

Synonyms: Syagrus smithii H.E. Moore


$


 Syagrus tessmannii Burret


Syagrus tessmannii Burret = Syagrus sancona H. Karst.

Reference: FP 39695: 387. 


$


 Sycocarpus rusbyi Britton


Sycocarpus rusbyi Britton = Guarea guidonia (L.) Sleumer

Reference: Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 262. 


$


 Symbolanthus anomalus (Kunth) Gilg


Symbolanthus anomalus (Kunth) Gilg = Symbolanthus calygonus (Ruiz & Pav.) Griseb. ex Gilg

Reference: FP 1342: 281; Weaver Jr., R. E., 1972: 302. 


$


 Symbolanthus baltae Weberbauer & Gilg


Symbolanthus baltae Weberbauer & Gilg = Symbolanthus pauciflorus Spruce ex Gilg

Reference: FP 1342: 282; Maas, pers. comm.. 


$


 Symbolanthus brittonianus Gilg


Symbolanthus brittonianus Gilg = Symbolanthus calygonus (Ruiz & Pav.) Griseb. ex Gilg

Reference: FP 1342: 282. 


$


 Symbolanthus calygonus (Ruiz & Pav.) Griseb. ex Gilg



Symbolanthus calygonus (Ruiz & Pav.) Griseb. ex Gilg

Synonyms: Symbolanthus calygonus (Gilg) J.F. Macbr., Symbolanthus calygonus (Griseb.) Gilg, Symbolanthus calygonus (Griseb.) Gilg, Symbolanthus calygonus (Kunth) Gilg, Symbolanthus calygonus (Kunth) Griseb., Symbolanthus calygonus (R. & P.) Griseb., Symbolanthus calygonus G. Don, Symbolanthus calygonus Gilg, Symbolanthus calygonus Gilg, Symbolanthus calygonus Gilg, Symbolanthus calygonus Gilg, Symbolanthus calygonus Griseb., Symbolanthus calygonus Griseb., Symbolanthus calygonus Kunth, Symbolanthus calygonus Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1342: 282; Weaver Jr., R. E., 1972: 303; van Heusden, E. C. H., 1983: 373. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests, shrublands. 0-3000 m. 
Note: Treated under Lisianthus in the Flora of Peru; van Heusden (1983) indicates that this species is quite variable. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Maas et al. 6332 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Pasco, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Symbolanthus daturoides (Griseb.) Gilg


Symbolanthus daturoides (Griseb.) Gilg = Symbolanthus calygonus (Ruiz & Pav.) Griseb. ex Gilg

Reference: FP 1342: 285; Weaver Jr., R. E., 1972: 304. 


$


 Symbolanthus mathewsii (Griseb.) Gilg


Symbolanthus mathewsii (Griseb.) Gilg = Symbolanthus calygonus (Ruiz & Pav.) Griseb. ex Gilg

Reference: Weaver Jr., R. E., 1972: 305. 


$


 Symbolanthus microphyllus Gilg


Symbolanthus microphyllus Gilg = Symbolanthus calygonus (Ruiz & Pav.) Griseb. ex Gilg

Reference: FP 1342: 287. 


$


 Symbolanthus obscurerosaceus Gilg


Symbolanthus obscurerosaceus Gilg = Symbolanthus calygonus (Ruiz & Pav.) Griseb. ex Gilg

Reference: FP 1342: 288. 


$


 Symbolanthus pauciflorus Spruce ex Gilg



Symbolanthus pauciflorus Spruce ex Gilg

Synonyms: Symbolanthus pauciflorus (Spruce ex Gilg) J.F. Macbr., Symbolanthus pauciflorus (Weberbauer & Gilg) J.F. Macbr., Symbolanthus pauciflorus Weberbauer & Gilg
Reference: Flora Peru: 1342: 289; Weaver Jr., R. E., 1972: 306; van Heusden, E. C. H., 1983: 373; Maas, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Treated under Lisianthus in the Flora of Peru.  
Voucher: Spruce 4429* (K), Ule 6871 (HBG)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Symbolanthus pavonii G. Don


Symbolanthus pavonii G. Don = Symbolanthus calygonus (Ruiz & Pav.) Griseb. ex Gilg

Reference: FP 1342: 282. 


$


 Symbolanthus rusbyanus Gilg


Symbolanthus rusbyanus Gilg = Symbolanthus calygonus (Ruiz & Pav.) Griseb. ex Gilg

Reference: FP 1342: 290; Weaver Jr., R. E., 1972: 307. 


$


 Symmeria paniculata Benth.



Symmeria paniculata Benth.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1251: 462; Brandbyge, J., 1989: 49. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests, riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Revilla 159 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Symphonia globulifera L. f.



Symphonia globulifera L. f.

Reference: D'Arcy, W.G., 1981: 1017. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas, terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez 9577 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Symphyglossum sanguineum (Reichenbach f.) Schltr.



Symphyglossum sanguineum (Reichenbach f.) Schltr.

Synonyms: Symphyglossum sanguineum Benth. & Hook. f., Symphyglossum sanguineum Rchb. f.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1484: 833; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 1000-2000 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Symphyllanthus rugosus Vahl


Symphyllanthus rugosus Vahl = Dichapetalum rugosum (Vahl) Prance

Reference: Prance, G. T., 1972: 24; Prance, G. T., 1980: 5. 


$


 Symphyostemon album Kranzl.



Symphyostemon album Kranzl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1199: 715. 
Note: The status of this taxon is uncertain as no material could be located and the type of Symphyostemon is Olsynium. 


$


 Symplocos alpina Brand



Symplocos alpina Brand

Reference: Flora Peru: 1338: 216. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: elfin forests. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 3345* (B photo F), Smith 7706 (MO!)
Departments: Pasco.


$


 Symplocos apolis Brand



Symplocos apolis Brand

Reference: Flora Peru: 1338: 217. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Symplocos arechea L'H&eacute;r.



Symplocos arechea L'H&eacute;r.

Synonyms: Symplocos arechea (A. DC.) Miers, Symplocos arechea (L'H&eacute;r.) Miers, Symplocos arechea A. DC., Symplocos arechea Brand, Symplocos arechea Sleumer
Reference: Flora Peru: 1338: 217; St&aring;hl, B., 1991: 7. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Dombey s.n.* (P), Klug 3624 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Symplocos baehnii J.F. Macbr.



Symplocos baehnii J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1338: 217. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, tree. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Symplocos bogotensis Brand



Symplocos bogotensis Brand

Reference: Flora Peru: 1338: 218; St&aring;hl, B., 1991: 6. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. . 
Voucher: Weberbauer 4334 (B)


$


 Symplocos cernua Humb. & Bonpl.



Symplocos cernua Humb. & Bonpl.

Synonyms: Symplocos cernua (Humb. & Bonpl.) Miers
Reference: Flora Peru: 1338: 218. 
Ecology: Endemic Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Bonpland s.n.* (P-H&B)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Symplocos colorata Brand



Symplocos colorata Brand

Reference: Flora Peru: 1338: 219. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Symplocos compacta J.F. Macbr.



Symplocos compacta J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1338: 219. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 6731* (F)
Departments: Pasco.


$


 Symplocos coriacea A. DC.



Symplocos coriacea A. DC.

Synonyms: Symplocos coriacea (A. DC.) Miers
Reference: Flora Peru: 1338: 219; St&aring;hl, B., 1991: 15. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (G)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Symplocos extraaxillaris Brand



Symplocos extraaxillaris Brand

Reference: Flora Peru: 1338: 220. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 6340* (B)
Departments: Piura.


$


 Symplocos incahuasensis Sagastegui & Dillon



Symplocos incahuasensis Sagastegui & Dillon

Reference: Sag&aacute;stegui-Alva, A. & M. O. Dillon, 1989: 32. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui et al. 12836* (HUT!, MO!)
Departments: Lambayeque.


$


 Symplocos lanceolata var. peruviana Szyszyl.


Symplocos lanceolata var. peruviana Szyszyl. = Symplocos peruviana (Szyszyl.) Brand

Reference: FP 1338: 222. 


$


 Symplocos longiflora var. moyobambensis Brand


Symplocos longiflora var. moyobambensis Brand = Symplocos arechea L'H&eacute;r.

Reference: FP 1338: 224. 


$


 Symplocos lugubris Brand



Symplocos lugubris Brand

Reference: Flora Peru: 1338: 220. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Andean II: forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Mathews s.n.* (K)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Symplocos matthewsii A. DC.


Symplocos matthewsii A. DC. = Symplocos arechea L'H&eacute;r.

Reference: FP 1338: 220. 


$


 Symplocos melanochroa Sleumer



Symplocos melanochroa Sleumer

Reference: Flora Peru: 1338: 221. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, tree. Andean II: forests. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 6970* (B), Smith & Pretel 8022 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Symplocos mezii Szyszyl.



Symplocos mezii Szyszyl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1338: 221. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, tree. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Jelski 265* 
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Symplocos nana Brand



Symplocos nana Brand

Reference: Flora Peru: 1338: 222; St&aring;hl, B., 1991: 44. 
Ecology. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: WD  


$


 Symplocos patazensis Mansf.



Symplocos patazensis Mansf.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1338: 222. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 7033* (B)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Symplocos peruviana (Szyszyl.) Brand



Symplocos peruviana (Szyszyl.) Brand

Synonyms: Symplocos peruviana Szyszyl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1338: 222. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Jelski 266* 
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Symplocos sandiae Brand



Symplocos sandiae Brand

Reference: Flora Peru: 1338: 223. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II-III: shrublands. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 741* (B), Young 3018 (MO!)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Symplocos scabra J.F. Macbr.



Symplocos scabra J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1338: 223. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: forests. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Macbride 4898* (F), Young 1638 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Symplocos spruceana (Miers) Guerke



Symplocos spruceana (Miers) Guerke

Synonyms: Symplocos spruceana Miers
Reference: Flora Peru: 1338: 224. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Andean I: forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 4845* (BM)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Symplocos sylvicola Sleumer


Symplocos sylvicola Sleumer = Symplocos arechea L'H&eacute;r.

Reference: FP 1338: 224; St&aring;hl, B., 1991: 7. 


$


 Symplocos tristis Brand



Symplocos tristis Brand

Reference: Flora Peru: 1338: 225. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Andean II: forests. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n 143* (P), Stein & Todzia 2325 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Symplocos weberbaueri Brand



Symplocos weberbaueri Brand

Reference: Flora Peru: 1338: 225; St&aring;hl, B., 1991: 16. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 2069* (B)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Synandropus membranaceus A.C. Sm.



Synandropus membranaceus A.C. Sm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1274: 694. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Synandrospadix vermitoxicus (Griseb.) Engl.



Synandrospadix vermitoxicus (Griseb.) Engl.

Synonyms: Synandrospadix vermitoxicus Griseb.


$


 Synassa corymbosa Lindl.


Synassa corymbosa Lindl. = Sauroglossum corymbosum (Lindl.) Garay

Reference: FP 1438: 147; Garay, L. A., 1978: 19; Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 167. 


$


 Syncretocarpus sericeus (DC.) S.F. Blake



Syncretocarpus sericeus (DC.) S.F. Blake

Synonyms: Syncretocarpus sericeus DC., Syncretocarpus sericeus S.F. Blake
Reference: Blake, S. F., 1917: 41. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean I-II: disturbed areas. 500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Ne&eacute; s.n.* , Weberbauer 5356 (F!)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, Lima.


$


 Syncretocarpus similis S.F. Blake



Syncretocarpus similis S.F. Blake

Reference: Gilg, E., 1916: 50. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean I-II: rocky slopes. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 5404* (F!)
Departments: Huancavelica, Ica.


$


 Syncretocarpus weberbaueri S.F. Blake


Syncretocarpus weberbaueri S.F. Blake = Syncretocarpus sericeus (DC.) S.F. Blake

Reference: Blake, S. F., 1917: 41. 


$


 Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn.



Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn.

Synonyms: Synedrella nodiflora L.


$


 Synedrella peduncularis Benth.


Synedrella peduncularis Benth. = Schizoptera peduncularis (Benth.) S.F. Blake

$


 Syngonanthus caulescens (Poir.) Ruhland



Syngonanthus caulescens (Poir.) Ruhland

Synonyms: Syngonanthus caulescens (Poir.) Kunth, Syngonanthus caulescens Poir.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1176: 491; Moldenke, H. N. & L. B. Smith, 1976: 88. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 2866 (F!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Syngonanthus densiflorus Ruhland



Syngonanthus densiflorus Ruhland

Reference: Hensold, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: savannas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Alb&aacute;n & Foster 7004 (F!, USM)
Departments: Madre de Dios.


$


 Syngonanthus nitens (Bong.) Ruhland



Syngonanthus nitens (Bong.) Ruhland

Synonyms: Syngonanthus nitens (Bong.) Kunth, Syngonanthus nitens Bong.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1176: 492; Moldenke, H. N., 1979: 203. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 4328* (MOL!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Syngonanthus peruvianus Ruhland



Syngonanthus peruvianus Ruhland

Synonyms: Syngonanthus peruvianus (Ruhland) J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1176: 492; Moldenke, H. N., 1979: 204. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: bogs, seasonally inundated areas, shrublands. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Stuebel 19b* (B photo F!), Hutchison & Wright 5556 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Syngonium gentryanum Croat



Syngonium gentryanum Croat

Reference: Croat, T. B., 1981: 612. 
Ecology: Endemic vine. Andean I: forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Gentry et al. 18822* (MO!, USM!)


$


 Syngonium hastifolium Engl.



Syngonium hastifolium Engl.

Reference: Bunting, G., 1979: 269. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb, vine. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Leon & Bohorquez 814 (MO!)
Departments: Madre de Dios.


$


 Syngonium podophyllum Schott



Syngonium podophyllum Schott

Synonyms: Syngonium podophyllum Schott, Syngonium podophyllum Schott, Syngonium podophyllum Schott
Reference: Croat, T. B., 1981: 628; Croat, T. B. & N. Lambert, 1986: 176. 
Ecology. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 4932 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Syngonium poeppigii Schott


Syngonium poeppigii Schott = Syngonium podophyllum Schott

Reference: Croat, T. B., 1981: 630. 


$


 Syngonium ruizii Schott


Syngonium ruizii Schott = Syngonium podophyllum Schott

Reference: Croat, T. B., 1981: 630. 


$


 Syngonium vellozianum Schott


Syngonium vellozianum Schott = Syngonium podophyllum Schott

Reference: FP 853: 485. 


$


 Syngonium yurimaguense Engl.



Syngonium yurimaguense Engl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 853: 485; Croat, T. B., 1981: 648. 
Ecology. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Ule 9237* (B), Vargas 13426 (US)
Departments: Madre de Dios.


$


 Syntherisma aequatoriensis Hitchc.


Syntherisma aequatoriensis Hitchc. = Digitaria aequatoriensis (Hitchc.) Henrard

Reference: Renvoize, S. A., 1984: 255. 


$


 Syntherisma digitata (Sw.) Hitchc.


Syntherisma digitata (Sw.) Hitchc. = Digitaria nuda Schum.

Reference: FP 719: 201; Veldkamp, J. F., 1973: 41. 
Note: NN  


$


 Syntherisma sanguinalis (L.) Dulac


Syntherisma sanguinalis (L.) Dulac = Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.

Reference: FP 719: 201. 
Note: NN  


$


 Syntherisma violascens (Link) Nash


Syntherisma violascens (Link) Nash = Digitaria violascens Link

Reference: FP 719: 201. 


$


 Synzistachium peruvianum Raf.


Synzistachium peruvianum Raf. = Heliotropium angiospermum Murray

Reference: FP 1285: 557. 


$


 Synzyganthera purpurea Ruiz & Pav.


Synzyganthera purpurea Ruiz & Pav. = Lacistema aggregatum (Bergius) Rusby

Reference: FP 1218: 56; Sleumer, H., 1980: 186. 


$


 Systeloglossum bennettii (Garay) Dressler & N.H. Williams



Systeloglossum bennettii (Garay) Dressler & N.H. Williams

Synonyms: Systeloglossum bennettii Garay
Reference: Dressler, R. L. & N. H. Williams, 1970: 326; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Bismarck s.n.* 
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston in R. Trimen



Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston in R. Trimen

Synonyms: Syzygium jambos DC., Syzygium jambos L.
Reference: Flora Peru: 760: 706; McVaugh, R., 1963: 311. 
Ecology: Cultivated shrub, tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez et al. 12428 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Madre de Dios.


$


 Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry



Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. & L.M. Perry

Reference: McVaugh, R., 1963: 313. 
Ecology: Cultivated tree. Amazonian: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ayala 626 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Tabebuia aurea (Manso) Benth. & Hook. f. ex S. Moore



Tabebuia aurea (Manso) Benth. & Hook. f. ex S. Moore

Synonyms: Tabebuia aurea (Mart.) Bureau, Tabebuia aurea Manso, Tabebuia aurea Mart.
Reference: Gentry, A. H., 1992: 144. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: dry valleys, savannas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Raymondi 17 (USM!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tabebuia billbergii (Bureau & K. Schum.) Standl.



Tabebuia billbergii (Bureau & K. Schum.) Standl.

$


 Tabebuia billbergii subsp.ampla A.H. Gentry



Tabebuia billbergii subsp. ampla A.H. Gentry

Synonyms: Tabebuia billbergii ampla Bureau & K. Schum.
Reference: Gentry, A. H., 1992: 153. 
Ecology: Native tree. Coastal: dry valleys. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 7734 (MO!, USM!)
Departments: Tumbes.


$


 Tabebuia capitata (Bureau & K. Schum.) Sandwith



Tabebuia capitata (Bureau & K. Schum.) Sandwith

Synonyms: Tabebuia capitata Bureau & K. Schum.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1362: 87; Gentry, A. H., 1992: 161. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 56005 (AMAZ!, MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, Ucayali.


$


 Tabebuia caraiba (Mart.) Bureau


Tabebuia caraiba (Mart.) Bureau = Tabebuia aurea (Manso) Benth. & Hook. f. ex S. Moore

Reference: Gentry, A. H., 1992: 144. 


$


 Tabebuia chrysantha (Jacq.) Nicholson



Tabebuia chrysantha (Jacq.) Nicholson

$


 Tabebuia chrysantha (Jacq.) Nicholson subsp.chrysantha



Tabebuia chrysantha (Jacq.) Nicholson subsp. chrysantha 

Synonyms: Tabebuia chrysantha chrysantha (Jacq.) A. DC., Tabebuia chrysantha chrysantha Jacq.
Reference: Gentry, A. H., 1992: 165. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: dry valleys. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry & D&iacute;az 58278 (MO!, USM!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Tumbes, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Tabebuia chrysantha subsp.meridionalis A.H. Gentry



Tabebuia chrysantha subsp. meridionalis A.H. Gentry

Reference: Gentry, A. H., 1992: 167. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean I-II: cloud forests. 500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Barbour 3975 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cajamarca.


$


 Tabebuia chrysantha subsp.pluvicola A.H. Gentry



Tabebuia chrysantha subsp. pluvicola A.H. Gentry

Reference: Gentry, A. H., 1992: 168. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: terra firme forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 9840 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Tabebuia guayacan (Seem.) Hemsl.



Tabebuia guayacan (Seem.) Hemsl.

Synonyms: Tabebuia guayacan Seem.
Reference: Gentry, A. H., 1992: 187. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 5963 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, Ucayali.


$


 Tabebuia heteropoda (A. DC.) Sandwith


Tabebuia heteropoda (A. DC.) Sandwith = Tabebuia ochracea (Cham.) Standl. subsp. ochracea 

Reference: FP 1362: 87. 


$


 Tabebuia impetiginosa (Mart. ex DC.) Standl.



Tabebuia impetiginosa (Mart. ex DC.) Standl.

Synonyms: Tabebuia impetiginosa D.R. Simpson, Tabebuia impetiginosa Mart. ex DC.
Reference: Gentry, A. H., 1992: 199. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 37698 (MO!, USM!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tabebuia incana A.H. Gentry



Tabebuia incana A.H. Gentry

Reference: Gentry, A. H., 1992: 203. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 21314 (AMAZ!, MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tabebuia insignis (Miq.) Sandwith



Tabebuia insignis (Miq.) Sandwith

$


 Tabebuia insignis (Miq.) Sandwith var.insignis



Tabebuia insignis (Miq.) Sandwith var. insignis 

Synonyms: Tabebuia insignis insignis Miq.
Reference: Gentry, A. H., 1992: 205. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II: swamps. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 51380 (MO!, USM!)
Departments: Madre de Dios.


$


 Tabebuia insignis var.monophylla Sandwith



Tabebuia insignis var. monophylla Sandwith

Reference: Gentry, A. H., 1992: 207. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: swamps. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 36410 (AMAZ!, MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Tabebuia japurensis A. DC.


Tabebuia japurensis A. DC. = Arrabidaea japurensis (A. DC.) Bureau & K. Schum.

Reference: FP 1362: 40; Gentry, A. H., 1982: 101. 


$


 Tabebuia obscura (Bureau & K. Schum.) Sandwith



Tabebuia obscura (Bureau & K. Schum.) Sandwith

Synonyms: Tabebuia obscura Bureau & K. Schum.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1362: 88; Gentry, A. H., 1992: 223. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: forests on white sand. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 22278 (AMAZ!, MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Tabebuia ochracea (Cham.) Standl.



Tabebuia ochracea (Cham.) Standl.

$


 Tabebuia ochracea (Cham.) Standl. subsp.ochracea



Tabebuia ochracea (Cham.) Standl. subsp. ochracea 

Synonyms: Tabebuia ochracea ochracea (A. DC.) Sandwith, Tabebuia ochracea ochracea A. DC., Tabebuia ochracea ochracea Cham., Tabebuia ochracea ochracea Kranzlin
Reference: Gentry, A. H., 1992: 226. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean I-II: dry valleys. 1000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Ch&aacute;vez 553 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lambayeque, Lima.


$


 Tabebuia roseo-alba (Ridl.) Sandwith



Tabebuia roseo-alba (Ridl.) Sandwith

Synonyms: Tabebuia roseo-alba Ridl.
Reference: Gentry, A. H., 1992: 251. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: semi-deciduous forests, dry valleys. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Williams 6687 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tabebuia schunkevigoi D.R. Simpson


Tabebuia schunkevigoi D.R. Simpson = Tabebuia impetiginosa (Mart. ex DC.) Standl.

Reference: Gentry, A. H., 1992: 199. 


$


 Tabebuia serratifolia (Vahl) Nicholson



Tabebuia serratifolia (Vahl) Nicholson

Synonyms: Tabebuia serratifolia Vahl
Reference: Flora Peru: 1362: 89; Gentry, A. H., 1992: 254. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry & D&iacute;az 58350 (MO!, USM!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Tabebuia xanthophylla A. DC.


Tabebuia xanthophylla A. DC. = Spathicalyx xanthophylla (A. DC.) A.H. Gentry

Reference: FP 1362: 65; Gentry, A. H., 1977: 136. 


$


 Taberna cymosa (Jacq.) Miers


Taberna cymosa (Jacq.) Miers = Tabernaemontana cymosa Jacq.

Reference: Leeuwenberg, pers. comm.. 


$


 Taberna disparifolia Miers


Taberna disparifolia Miers = Tabernaemontana flavicans Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.

Reference: FP 1343: 404. 


$


 Taberna poeppigii (M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Miers


Taberna poeppigii (M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Miers = Tabernaemontana sananho Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1343: 409; van Beek, T. A., R. Verpoorte, A. Baerheim Svendsen, A. J. M. Leeuwenberg & N. G. Bisset, 1984: 17. 


$


 Tabernaemontana albescens Rusby


Tabernaemontana albescens Rusby = Tabernaemontana undulata Vahl

Reference: FP 1343: 400; Leeuwenberg, pers. comm.. 


$


 Tabernaemontana amygdalifolia Jacq.



Tabernaemontana amygdalifolia Jacq.

Synonyms: Tabernaemontana amygdalifolia Miers
Reference: Nowicke, J. W., 1970: 68. 
Ecology: Native shrub, treelet. . 
Note: The cited collection is the only one known from Peru (Leeuwenberg, pers. comm.). 
Voucher: Maclean s.n. (BM)


$


 Tabernaemontana arcuata Ruiz & Pav.


Tabernaemontana arcuata Ruiz & Pav. = Tabernaemontana cymosa Jacq.

Reference: FP 1343: 400; Leeuwenberg, pers. comm.. 


$


 Tabernaemontana benthamiana Mart. ex M&uuml;ll. Arg.


Tabernaemontana benthamiana Mart. ex M&uuml;ll. Arg. = Tabernaemontana macrocalyx M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Reference: FP 1343: 407. 
Note: Name published in Fl. Bras. 6(1): 70 (not 80). 1860.  


$


 Tabernaemontana benthamiana M&uuml;ll. Arg.


Tabernaemontana benthamiana M&uuml;ll. Arg. = Tabernaemontana linkii A. DC.

Reference: FP 1343: 401; Leeuwenberg, pers. comm.. 
Note: NN Name published in Fl. Bras. 6(1): 80 (not 70). 1860.  


$


 Tabernaemontana brachyantha Woodson


Tabernaemontana brachyantha Woodson = Tabernaemontana luciliae Leeuwenberg

Reference: Leeuwenberg, A. J. M., 1988: 14. 


$


 Tabernaemontana columbiensis (L. Allorge) Leeuwenb.



Tabernaemontana columbiensis (L. Allorge) Leeuwenb.

Synonyms: Tabernaemontana columbiensis L. Allorge
Reference: Leeuwenberg, A. J. M., 1988: 5. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests on white sand. 0-500 m. 
Note: The epithet was incorrectly spelled "colombiensis" by Leeuwenberg (1987);  treated by Allorge (1985: 111) under Bonafousia columbiensis. 
Voucher: Knapp & Mallet 6996 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tabernaemontana concinna (Miers) J.F. Macbr.


Tabernaemontana concinna (Miers) J.F. Macbr. = Tabernaemontana cymosa Jacq.

Reference: FP 1343: 402; Leeuwenberg, pers. comm.. 


$


 Tabernaemontana coriacea Link ex Roem. & Schult.



Tabernaemontana coriacea Link ex Roem. & Schult.

Synonyms: Tabernaemontana coriacea (Link ex Roem. & Schult.) Boiteau & L. Allorge, Tabernaemontana coriacea (Link ex Roem. & Schult.) Markgr., Tabernaemontana coriacea Mart. ex M&uuml;ll. Arg.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1343: 403; Leeuwenberg, A. J. M., 1988: 28; Leeuwenberg, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   Treated by Allorge (1985: 83) under Bonafousia coriacea. 


$


 Tabernaemontana coronaria (Jacq.) Willd.


Tabernaemontana coronaria (Jacq.) Willd. = Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) R. Br. ex Roem. & Schult.

Reference: FP 1343: 403; Leeuwenberg, A. J. M., 1991: 153. 


$


 Tabernaemontana cuspidata Rusby



Tabernaemontana cuspidata Rusby

Synonyms: Tabernaemontana cuspidata (Rusby) L. Allorge, Tabernaemontana cuspidata Woodson
Reference: Allorge, L., 1985: 62; Leeuwenberg, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native shrub, treelet. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Treated by Allorge (1985) under Anartia cuspidata.  
Voucher: Woytkowski 5338 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Ucayali.


$


 Tabernaemontana cymosa Jacq.



Tabernaemontana cymosa Jacq.

Synonyms: Tabernaemontana cymosa (Jacq.) Dugand, Tabernaemontana cymosa (Jacq.) Miers, Tabernaemontana cymosa (Miers) J.F. Macbr., Tabernaemontana cymosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Markgr., Tabernaemontana cymosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Miers, Tabernaemontana cymosa Miers, Tabernaemontana cymosa Miers, Tabernaemontana cymosa Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: van Beek, T. A., R. Verpoorte, A. Baerheim Svendsen, A. J. M. Leeuwenberg & N. G. Bisset, 1984: 22; Leeuwenberg, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native shrub, treelet. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 4534 (K!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) R. Br. ex Roem. & Schult.



Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) R. Br. ex Roem. & Schult.

Synonyms: Tabernaemontana divaricata (Jacq.) Stapf, Tabernaemontana divaricata (Jacq.) Willd., Tabernaemontana divaricata (L.) Burkill, Tabernaemontana divaricata Jacq., Tabernaemontana divaricata L.
Reference: Leeuwenberg, A. J. M., 1991: 153. 
Ecology: Introduced shrub. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 5577 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tabernaemontana flavescens Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.


Tabernaemontana flavescens Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. = Malouetia flavescens (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Reference: Woodson Jr., R. E., 1935: 242. 


$


 Tabernaemontana flavicans Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.



Tabernaemontana flavicans Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.

Synonyms: Tabernaemontana flavicans (M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Markgr., Tabernaemontana flavicans (M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Miers, Tabernaemontana flavicans (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Miers, Tabernaemontana flavicans M&uuml;ll. Arg., Tabernaemontana flavicans Miers, Tabernaemontana flavicans Miers
Reference: Flora Peru: 1343: 403; Leeuwenberg, A. J. M., 1988: 29; Spichiger, R., J. Meroz, P. Loizeau, & L. Stutz de Ortega, 1990: 426. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 1523 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tabernaemontana heterophylla Vahl



Tabernaemontana heterophylla Vahl

Synonyms: Tabernaemontana heterophylla (Poepp.) M&uuml;ll. Arg., Tabernaemontana heterophylla (Vahl) Markgr., Tabernaemontana heterophylla (Vahl) Miers, Tabernaemontana heterophylla Poepp.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1343: 404; Leeuwenberg, A. J. M., 1988: 29. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-1500 m. 
Note: Treated by Allorge (1985: 160) under Stenosolen heterophyllus. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 10421 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tabernaemontana hirtula Mart. ex M&uuml;ll. Arg.


Tabernaemontana hirtula Mart. ex M&uuml;ll. Arg. = Tabernaemontana siphilitica (L. f.) Leeuwenb.

Reference: Leeuwenberg, pers. comm.. 


$


 Tabernaemontana hirtula var.maynensis Huber



Tabernaemontana hirtula var. maynensis Huber

Reference: Flora Peru: 1343: 405. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   The cited collection has not been seen by Leeuwenbewrg (pers. comm.); its placement is uncertain. 
Voucher: Huber MG 1394* (MG)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Tabernaemontana juruana (Markgr.) Schumann ex J. F. Macbride


Tabernaemontana juruana (Markgr.) Schumann ex J. F. Macbride = Tabernaemontana siphilitica (L. f.) Leeuwenb.

Reference: FP 1343: 405; van Beek, T. A., R. Verpoorte, A. Baerheim Svendsen, A. J. M. Leeuwenberg & N. G. Bisset, 1984: 17; Leeuwenberg, pers. comm.. 


$


 Tabernaemontana killipii Woodson


Tabernaemontana killipii Woodson = Tabernaemontana siphilitica (L. f.) Leeuwenb.

Reference: FP 1343: 406; Leeuwenberg, A. J. M., 1988: 30. 


$


 Tabernaemontana linkii A. DC.



Tabernaemontana linkii A. DC.

Synonyms: Tabernaemontana linkii (A. DC.) Miers, Tabernaemontana linkii (M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Markgr., Tabernaemontana linkii Link ex Roem. & Schult., Tabernaemontana linkii M&uuml;ll. Arg.
Reference: Leeuwenberg, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Tabernaemontana longifolia Benth.


Tabernaemontana longifolia Benth. = Tabernaemontana siphilitica (L. f.) Leeuwenb.

Reference: FP 1343: 411; van Beek, T. A., R. Verpoorte, A. Baerheim Svendsen, A. J. M. Leeuwenberg & N. G. Bisset, 1984: 17. 


$


 Tabernaemontana luciliae Leeuwenberg



Tabernaemontana luciliae Leeuwenberg

Synonyms: Tabernaemontana luciliae Boiteau & L. Allorge, Tabernaemontana luciliae Woodson
Reference: Leeuwenberg, A. J. M., 1988: 14. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Note: Treated by Allorge (1985: 81) as Bonafousia brachyantha, that name based on Tabernaemontana brachyantha Woodson [nom. illeg.], non Stapf. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 5345* (MO)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tabernaemontana macrocalyx M&uuml;ll. Arg.



Tabernaemontana macrocalyx M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Synonyms: Tabernaemontana macrocalyx (M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Boiteau & L. Allorge, Tabernaemontana macrocalyx (M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Markgr., Tabernaemontana macrocalyx (M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Miers, Tabernaemontana macrocalyx (Mart. ex A. Muell.) Boiteau & L. Allorge, Tabernaemontana macrocalyx Mart. ex A. Muell., Tabernaemontana macrocalyx Mart. ex M&uuml;ll. Arg.
Reference: Leeuwenberg, A. J. M., 1988: 30; Leeuwenberg, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Treated by Allorge (1985: 97) under Bonafousia macrocalyx. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez 2246 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto.


$


 Tabernaemontana markgrafiana J.F. Macbr.



Tabernaemontana markgrafiana J.F. Macbr.

Synonyms: Tabernaemontana markgrafiana Markgr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1343: 406; Leeuwenberg, A. J. M., 1988: 30. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-1500 m. 
Note: Treated by Allorge (1985: 93) under Bonafousia longituba Markgraf [not T. longituba Pichon]. 
Voucher: Huashikat 922 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, Ucayali.


$


 Tabernaemontana maxima Markgr.



Tabernaemontana maxima Markgr.

Synonyms: Tabernaemontana maxima (Markgr.) Boiteau & L. Allorge, Tabernaemontana maxima (Markgr.) Markgr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1343: 406; Leeuwenberg, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Tabernaemontana muelleriana Mart. ex A. Muell.


Tabernaemontana muelleriana Mart. ex A. Muell. = Tabernaemontana macrocalyx M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Reference: FP 1343: 407; Leeuwenberg, pers. comm.. 


$


 Tabernaemontana multiflora Link ex Roem. & Schult.


Tabernaemontana multiflora Link ex Roem. & Schult. = Tabernaemontana linkii A. DC.

Reference: Leeuwenberg, pers. comm.. 
Note: NN  


$


 Tabernaemontana obliqua (Miers) Leeuwenb.


Tabernaemontana obliqua (Miers) Leeuwenb. = Tabernaemontana undulata Vahl

Reference: Leeuwenberg, pers. comm.. 


$


 Tabernaemontana occidentalis Miers


Tabernaemontana occidentalis Miers = Tabernaemontana amygdalifolia Jacq.

Reference: FP 1343: 408; Leeuwenberg, pers. comm.. 


$


 Tabernaemontana olivacea M&uuml;ll. Arg.


Tabernaemontana olivacea M&uuml;ll. Arg. = Tabernaemontana flavicans Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.

Reference: FP 1343: 408; Leeuwenberg, pers. comm.. 


$


 Tabernaemontana poeppigii M&uuml;ll. Arg.


Tabernaemontana poeppigii M&uuml;ll. Arg. = Tabernaemontana sananho Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1343: 409; van Beek, T. A., R. Verpoorte, A. Baerheim Svendsen, A. J. M. Leeuwenberg & N. G. Bisset, 1984: 17. 


$


 Tabernaemontana rubrostriolata Mart. ex M&uuml;ll. Arg.


Tabernaemontana rubrostriolata Mart. ex M&uuml;ll. Arg. = Tabernaemontana coriacea Link ex Roem. & Schult.

Reference: FP 1343: 403; Leeuwenberg, A. J. M., 1988: 31. 
Note: NN  


$


 Tabernaemontana sananho Ruiz & Pav.



Tabernaemontana sananho Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Tabernaemontana sananho (M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Miers, Tabernaemontana sananho (Ruiz & Pav.) Markgr., Tabernaemontana sananho (Ruiz & Pav.) Miers, Tabernaemontana sananho M&uuml;ll. Arg.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1343: 409; van Beek, T. A., R. Verpoorte, A. Baerheim Svendsen, A. J. M. Leeuwenberg & N. G. Bisset, 1984: 17. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: terra firme forests. 0-1500 m. 
Note: Treated by Allorge (1985: 108) under Bonafousia sananho. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 7247 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Tabernaemontana siphilitica (L. f.) Leeuwenb.



Tabernaemontana siphilitica (L. f.) Leeuwenb.

Synonyms: Tabernaemontana siphilitica (Kunth) Markgr., Tabernaemontana siphilitica (Kunth) Miers, Tabernaemontana siphilitica (L. f.) L. Allorge, Tabernaemontana siphilitica (Markgr.) Schumann ex J. F. Macbride, Tabernaemontana siphilitica (Mart. ex M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Markgr., Tabernaemontana siphilitica (Mart. ex M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Miers, Tabernaemontana siphilitica (Woodson) Markgr., Tabernaemontana siphilitica Benth., Tabernaemontana siphilitica Kunth, Tabernaemontana siphilitica L. f., Tabernaemontana siphilitica Markgr., Tabernaemontana siphilitica Markgr., Tabernaemontana siphilitica Mart. ex M&uuml;ll. Arg., Tabernaemontana siphilitica Woodson
Reference: van Beek, T. A., R. Verpoorte, A. Baerheim Svendsen, A. J. M. Leeuwenberg & N. G. Bisset, 1984: 17. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: forests, terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Treated by Allorge (1985: 114) under Bonafousia siphilitica. 
Voucher: Revilla 427 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tabernaemontana sprucei M&uuml;ll. Arg.


Tabernaemontana sprucei M&uuml;ll. Arg. = Macoubea sprucei (M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Markgr.

Reference: FP 1343: 397; Allorge, L., 1985: 175. 


$


 Tabernaemontana stenoloba M&uuml;ll. Arg.



Tabernaemontana stenoloba M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Synonyms: Tabernaemontana stenoloba (M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Markgr., Tabernaemontana stenoloba (M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Miers
Reference: Flora Peru: 1343: 410; Allorge, L., 1985: 163. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests. 0-2000 m. 
Note: Treated by Allorge (1985) under Stenosolen stenolobus. 
Voucher: Poeppig s.n.* (F photo), Timan&aacute; & Jaramillo 3226 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tabernaemontana tenuiflora (Poepp.) M&uuml;ll. Arg.


Tabernaemontana tenuiflora (Poepp.) M&uuml;ll. Arg. = Tabernaemontana heterophylla Vahl

Reference: FP 1343: 404; Allorge, L., 1985: 169. 


$


 Tabernaemontana tessmannii (Markgr.) J.F. Macbr.



Tabernaemontana tessmannii (Markgr.) J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1343: 410. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Treated by Allorge (1985) as a synonym of Bonafousia siphilitica. 
Voucher: Tessmann 3022* , Schunke 6349 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tabernaemontana tetrastachya Kunth


Tabernaemontana tetrastachya Kunth = Tabernaemontana siphilitica (L. f.) Leeuwenb.

Reference: FP 1343: 411; van Beek, T. A., R. Verpoorte, A. Baerheim Svendsen, A. J. M. Leeuwenberg & N. G. Bisset, 1984: 17. 


$


 Tabernaemontana undulata Vahl



Tabernaemontana undulata Vahl

Synonyms: Tabernaemontana undulata (Miers) Leeuwenb., Tabernaemontana undulata (Rusby) Markgr., Tabernaemontana undulata (Vahl) A. DC., Tabernaemontana undulata Miers, Tabernaemontana undulata Rusby
Reference: Flora Peru: 1343: 411; Leeuwenberg, A. J. M., 1988: 32. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Treated by Allorge (1985: 72) under Bonafousia undulata. 
Voucher: Knapp & Alcorn 7604 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Tabernaemontana vanheurckii M&uuml;ll. Arg.



Tabernaemontana vanheurckii M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Synonyms: Tabernaemontana vanheurckii (M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Markgr., Tabernaemontana vanheurckii Miers, Tabernaemontana vanheurckii Miers
Reference: Flora Peru: 1343: 412; Allorge, L., 1985: 154. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Note: Treated by Allorge (1985: 154) under Peschiera vanheurckii. 
Voucher: Spruce 4209* (AWH), V&aacute;squez 5029 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Tacarcuna amanoifolia Huft



Tacarcuna amanoifolia Huft

Reference: Huft, M. J., 1989: 1082. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: McDaniel & Rimachi 20414* (MO!), McDaniel & Rimachi 20465 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Taccarum weddellianum Brongn. ex Schott



Taccarum weddellianum Brongn. ex Schott

Reference: Flora Peru: 853: 484. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Tachia calygona (R. & P.) Griseb.


Tachia calygona (R. & P.) Griseb. = Symbolanthus calygonus (Ruiz & Pav.) Griseb. ex Gilg

Reference: FP 1342: 282. 


$


 Tachia guianensis Aubl.



Tachia guianensis Aubl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1342: 274; Maguire, B. & R. E. Weaver Jr., 1975: 113, 115, 123. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   Specimens cited under this name in the Flora of Peru have been re-determined and placed under T. occidentalis and T. parviflora. 


$


 Tachia loretensis Maguire & Weaver



Tachia loretensis Maguire & Weaver

Reference: Maguire, B. & R. E. Weaver Jr., 1975: 117. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 29925* (US), Klug 1277 (US)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Tachia occidentalis Maguire & Weaver



Tachia occidentalis Maguire & Weaver

Reference: Maguire, B. & R. E. Weaver Jr., 1975: 115. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: riversides, terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 1047 (NY)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Ucayali.


$


 Tachia parviflora Maguire & Weaver



Tachia parviflora Maguire & Weaver

Synonyms: Tachia parviflora Gilg, nom. nud.
Reference: Maguire, B. & R. E. Weaver Jr., 1975: 123. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean I: forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Dudley 13072 (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Tachia pavonii Gilg, nom. nud.


Tachia pavonii Gilg, nom. nud. = Tachia parviflora Maguire & Weaver

Reference: FP 1342: 274; Maguire, B. & R. E. Weaver Jr., 1975: 123. 
Note: Treated under T. guianensis in the Flora of Peru.  


$


 Tachigali cavipes (Spruce ex Benth.) J.F. Macbr.



Tachigali cavipes (Spruce ex Benth.) J.F. Macbr.

Synonyms: Tachigali cavipes Spruce ex Benth.
Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 127; Dwyer, J. D., 1954: 234. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests, riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Williams 3192 (US!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Tachigali chrysophylla (Poepp.) Zarucchi & Herend.



Tachigali chrysophylla (Poepp.) Zarucchi & Herend.

Synonyms: Tachigali chrysophylla Poepp.


$


 Tachigali formicarum Harms



Tachigali formicarum Harms

Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 128; Dwyer, J. D., 1954: 245. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Ule 6538* (B photo F!), Gentry et al. 18713 (MO!, USM!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tachigali guianensis (Benth.) Zarucchi & Herend.



Tachigali guianensis (Benth.) Zarucchi & Herend.

Synonyms: Tachigali guianensis Benth.


$


 Tachigali hypoleuca (Benth.) Zarucchi & Herend.



Tachigali hypoleuca (Benth.) Zarucchi & Herend.

Synonyms: Tachigali hypoleuca Benth.


$


 Tachigali longiflora Ducke



Tachigali longiflora Ducke

Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 128; Dwyer, J. D., 1954: 228. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Tachigali macbridei Zarucchi & Herend.



Tachigali macbridei Zarucchi & Herend.

Synonyms: Tachigali macbridei J.F. Macbr.


$


 Tachigali melinonii (Harms) Zarucchi & Herend.



Tachigali melinonii (Harms) Zarucchi & Herend.

Synonyms: Tachigali melinonii Harms


$


 Tachigali micrantha (L.O. Williams) Zarucchi & Herend.



Tachigali micrantha (L.O. Williams) Zarucchi & Herend.

Synonyms: Tachigali micrantha L.O. Williams


$


 Tachigali paniculata Aubl.



Tachigali paniculata Aubl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 129; Dwyer, J. D., 1954: 238. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Rimachi 2779 (MO!, USM!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Tachigali paniculata var. cavipes Spruce ex Benth.


Tachigali paniculata var. cavipes Spruce ex Benth. = Tachigali cavipes (Spruce ex Benth.) J.F. Macbr.

Reference: FP 21: 127; Dwyer, J. D., 1954: 234. 


$


 Tachigali peruviana (Dwyer) Zarucchi & Herend.



Tachigali peruviana (Dwyer) Zarucchi & Herend.

Synonyms: Tachigali peruviana Dwyer


$


 Tachigali poeppigiana Tul.



Tachigali poeppigiana Tul.

Synonyms: Tachigali poeppigiana Poepp.
Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 130; Dwyer, J. D., 1954: 246; Spichiger, R., J. Meroz, P. Loizeau & L. Stutz de Ortega, 1989: 313. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Tachigali poeppigiana and T. polyphylla were based on duplicates of the same Brazilian collection, Poeppig 2837, deposited at Paris and Vienna, respectively. 
Voucher: Rimachi 4034 (MO!, USM!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Tachigali polyphylla Poepp.


Tachigali polyphylla Poepp. = Tachigali poeppigiana Tul.

Reference: FP 21: 130; Dwyer, J. D., 1954: 246; Spichiger, R., J. Meroz, P. Loizeau & L. Stutz de Ortega, 1989: 313. 


$


 Tachigali purpurea Rich.


Tachigali purpurea Rich. = Diplotropis purpurea (Rich.) Amshoff var. purpurea 

Reference: Lima, H. C. de, 1985: 65. 


$


 Tachigali rusbyi Harms



Tachigali rusbyi Harms

Reference: Dwyer, J. D., 1954: 248. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Tunqui 614 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto.


$


 Tachigali setifera (Ducke) Zarucchi & Herend.



Tachigali setifera (Ducke) Zarucchi & Herend.

Synonyms: Tachigali setifera Ducke


$


 Tachigali tessmannii Harms



Tachigali tessmannii Harms

Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 130; Dwyer, J. D., 1954: 250. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Tessmann 4753* (B photo F!), Huashikat 3306 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto.


$


 Tachigali tinctoria (Benth.) Zarucchi & Herend.



Tachigali tinctoria (Benth.) Zarucchi & Herend.

Synonyms: Tachigali tinctoria Benth.


$


 Tachigali uleana (Harms) Zarucchi & Herend.



Tachigali uleana (Harms) Zarucchi & Herend.

Synonyms: Tachigali uleana (Harms) Dwyer, Tachigali uleana Harms, Tachigali uleana Harms


$


 Tacsonia anastomosans Lambert ex DC.


Tacsonia anastomosans Lambert ex DC. = Passiflora anastomosans (Lambert ex DC.) Killip

Reference: FP 740: 100. 


$


 Tacsonia boliviana Rusby


Tacsonia boliviana Rusby = Passiflora gracilens (A. Gray) Harms

Reference: FP 740: 107; Killip, E. P., 1938: 271. 


$


 Tacsonia cumbalensis H. Karst.


Tacsonia cumbalensis H. Karst. = Passiflora cumbalensis H. Karst. var. cumbalensis 

$


 Tacsonia dombeyana (DC.) M. Roem.


Tacsonia dombeyana (DC.) M. Roem. = Passiflora peduncularis Cav.

Reference: FP 740: 117; Killip, E. P., 1938: 304. 


$


 Tacsonia glaberrima Juss.


Tacsonia glaberrima Juss. = Passiflora glaberrima (A. L. Jussieu) Poir.

Reference: FP 740: 107. 


$


 Tacsonia glauca Poepp. ex Mast.


Tacsonia glauca Poepp. ex Mast. = Passiflora tarapotina Harms

Reference: FP 740: 125. 


$


 Tacsonia gracilens A. Gray


Tacsonia gracilens A. Gray = Passiflora gracilens (A. Gray) Harms

Reference: FP 740: 107; Killip, E. P., 1938: 271. 


$


 Tacsonia lanceolata Masters


Tacsonia lanceolata Masters = Passiflora lanceolata (Masters) Harms

Reference: FP 740: 109; Killip, E. P., 1938: 268. 


$


 Tacsonia longiflora (Mast.) Pers.


Tacsonia longiflora (Mast.) Pers. = Passiflora mixta L. f. var. mixta 

Reference: Holm-Nielsen, L. B., P. M. Jo+/rgensen & J. E. Lawesson, 1988: 84. 


$


 Tacsonia manicata Juss.


Tacsonia manicata Juss. = Passiflora manicata (Juss.) Pers.

Reference: FP 740: 111; Holm-Nielsen, L. B., P. M. Jo+/rgensen & J. E. Lawesson, 1988: 88. 


$


 Tacsonia mathewsii Mast.


Tacsonia mathewsii Mast. = Passiflora mathewsii (Mast.) Killip

Reference: FP 740: 112; Holm-Nielsen, L. B., P. M. Jo+/rgensen & J. E. Lawesson, 1988: 80. 


$


 Tacsonia micradena DC.


Tacsonia micradena DC. = Passiflora pinnatistipula Cav.

Reference: FP 740: 117; Holm-Nielsen, L. B., P. M. Jo+/rgensen & J. E. Lawesson, 1988: 60. 


$


 Tacsonia mixta (L. f.) Juss.


Tacsonia mixta (L. f.) Juss. = Passiflora mixta L. f. var. mixta 

Reference: FP 740: 113; Holm-Nielsen, L. B., P. M. Jo+/rgensen & J. E. Lawesson, 1988: 84. 


$


 Tacsonia mixta subsp. normalis Mast.


Tacsonia mixta subsp. normalis Mast. = Passiflora mixta L. f. var. mixta 

Reference: Holm-Nielsen, L. B., P. M. Jo+/rgensen & J. E. Lawesson, 1988: 84. 


$


 Tacsonia mixta var. longiflora (Persoon) DC.


Tacsonia mixta var. longiflora (Persoon) DC. = Passiflora mixta L. f. var. mixta 

Reference: FP 740: 113; Holm-Nielsen, L. B., P. M. Jo+/rgensen & J. E. Lawesson, 1988: 84. 


$


 Tacsonia mollissima Kunth


Tacsonia mollissima Kunth = Passiflora tripartita var. mollissima (Kunth) Holm-Nielsen & Jo+/rgensen

Reference: FP 740: 114; Holm-Nielsen, L. B., P. M. Jo+/rgensen & J. E. Lawesson, 1988: 80. 


$


 Tacsonia parvifolia DC.


Tacsonia parvifolia DC. = Passiflora parvifolia (DC.) Harms

Reference: FP 740: 116; Killip, E. P., 1938: 282. 


$


 Tacsonia peduncularis (Cav.) Juss.


Tacsonia peduncularis (Cav.) Juss. = Passiflora peduncularis Cav.

Reference: FP 740: 117; Killip, E. P., 1938: 304. 


$


 Tacsonia peduncularis var. dombeyana DC.


Tacsonia peduncularis var. dombeyana DC. = Passiflora peduncularis Cav.

Reference: FP 740: 117; Killip, E. P., 1938: 304. 


$


 Tacsonia pinnatistipula (Cav.) Juss.


Tacsonia pinnatistipula (Cav.) Juss. = Passiflora pinnatistipula Cav.

Reference: FP 740: 117; Holm-Nielsen, L. B., P. M. Jo+/rgensen & J. E. Lawesson, 1988: 59. 


$


 Tacsonia purupuru DC. ex Mast.


Tacsonia purupuru DC. ex Mast. = Passiflora pinnatistipula Cav.

Reference: Holm-Nielsen, L. B., P. M. Jo+/rgensen & J. E. Lawesson, 1988: 60. 
Note: pro syn.  


$


 Tacsonia quadriglandulosa (Rodschied) DC.


Tacsonia quadriglandulosa (Rodschied) DC. = Passiflora quadriglandulosa Rodschied

Reference: FP 740: 120; Holm-Nielsen, L. B., P. M. Jo+/rgensen & J. E. Lawesson, 1988: 90. 


$


 Tacsonia rosea (Karsten) Sodiro


Tacsonia rosea (Karsten) Sodiro = Passiflora X rosea (Karsten) Killip

Reference: Killip, E. P., 1938: 278. 


$


 Tacsonia spinosa Poepp. & Endl.


Tacsonia spinosa Poepp. & Endl. = Passiflora spinosa (Poepp. & Endl.) Mast.

Reference: FP 740: 124; Holm-Nielsen, L. B., P. M. Jo+/rgensen & J. E. Lawesson, 1988: 14. 


$


 Tacsonia tacso (Cav.) Pers.


Tacsonia tacso (Cav.) Pers. = Passiflora mixta L. f. var. mixta 

Reference: Holm-Nielsen, L. B., P. M. Jo+/rgensen & J. E. Lawesson, 1988: 84. 


$


 Tacsonia tomentosa (Lam.) Juss.


Tacsonia tomentosa (Lam.) Juss. = Passiflora mixta L. f. var. mixta 

Reference: Holm-Nielsen, L. B., P. M. Jo+/rgensen & J. E. Lawesson, 1988: 84. 


$


 Tacsonia trifoliata Juss.


Tacsonia trifoliata Juss. = Passiflora trifoliata var. trifoliata 

Reference: FP 740: 127; Killip, E. P., 1938: 274. 


$


 Tacsonia trigona Ruiz Lopez & Pavon ex DC.


Tacsonia trigona Ruiz Lopez & Pavon ex DC. = Passiflora trifoliata var. trifoliata 

Reference: FP 740: 127; Killip, E. P., 1938: 274. 


$


 Tacsonia urceolata Mast.


Tacsonia urceolata Mast. = Passiflora mixta L. f. var. mixta 

Reference: Holm-Nielsen, L. B., P. M. Jo+/rgensen & J. E. Lawesson, 1988: 85. 


$


 Taenianthera acaulis (Mart.) Burret


Taenianthera acaulis (Mart.) Burret = Geonoma acaulis Mart.

Reference: FP 39695: 352. 


$


 Taenianthera camana (Trail) Burret


Taenianthera camana (Trail) Burret = Geonoma camana Trail

Reference: FP 39695: 352. 


$


 Taenianthera lagesiana (Dammer) Burret


Taenianthera lagesiana (Dammer) Burret = Geonoma camana Trail

Reference: FP 39695: 353. 


$


 Taenianthera macrostachys (Mart.) Burret


Taenianthera macrostachys (Mart.) Burret = Geonoma macrostachys Mart.

Reference: FP 39695: 353. 


$


 Taenianthera oligosticha Burret


Taenianthera oligosticha Burret = Geonoma acaulis Mart.

Reference: FP 39695: 354. 


$


 Taenianthera tamandua (Trail) Burret


Taenianthera tamandua (Trail) Burret = Geonoma tamandua Trail

Reference: FP 39695: 354. 


$


 Taenianthera tapajotensis (Trail) Burret


Taenianthera tapajotensis (Trail) Burret = Geonoma acaulis Mart.

Reference: FP 39695: 354. 


$


 Taenianthera weberbaueri Burret


Taenianthera weberbaueri Burret = Geonoma jussieuana Mart.

Reference: FP 39695: 346. 


$


 Taetsia fruticosa (L.) Merr.



Taetsia fruticosa (L.) Merr.

$


 Tafalla angustifolia Ruiz & Pav.


Tafalla angustifolia Ruiz & Pav. = Hedyosmum angustifolium (Ruiz & Pav.) Solms

Reference: FP 1217: 260; Todzia, C. A., 1988: 108. 


$


 Tafalla glauca Ruiz & Pav.


Tafalla glauca Ruiz & Pav. = Hedyosmum racemosum (Ruiz & Pav.) Don

Reference: FP 1217: 258; Todzia, C. A., 1988: 70. 


$


 Tafalla laciniata Ruiz & Pav.


Tafalla laciniata Ruiz & Pav. = Hedyosmum angustifolium (Ruiz & Pav.) Solms

Reference: Todzia, C. A., 1988: 112. 


$


 Tafalla leptothamna Mattf.


Tafalla leptothamna Mattf. = Loricaria leptothamna (Mattf.) Cuatrec.

Reference: FP 27926: 46. 


$


 Tafalla racemosa Ruiz & Pav.


Tafalla racemosa Ruiz & Pav. = Hedyosmum racemosum (Ruiz & Pav.) Don

Reference: FP 1217: 259; Todzia, C. A., 1988: 70. 


$


 Tafalla scabra Ruiz & Pav.


Tafalla scabra Ruiz & Pav. = Hedyosmum scabrum var. scabrum 

Reference: FP 1217: 260; Todzia, C. A., 1988: 108. 


$


 Tagetes dianthiflora Kunth



Tagetes dianthiflora Kunth

Reference: Neher, R., 1966: 192. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: shrublands. 1500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Bonpland 3462* (F), Townsend A203 (F)
Departments: Ancash, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, La Libertad, Piura.


$


 Tagetes dichotoma Turcz.


Tagetes dichotoma Turcz. = Tagetes filifolia Lag.

$


 Tagetes elliptica Smith



Tagetes elliptica Smith

$


 Tagetes erecta L.



Tagetes erecta L.

Reference: Neher, R., 1966: 249. 
Ecology. 0-3500 m. 
Voucher: Montes s.n.* (photo S), Montes 2 (F)
Departments: Ucayali.


$


 Tagetes erythrocephala Rusby



Tagetes erythrocephala Rusby

Reference: Rusby, H. H., 1912: 133. 
Ecology. 3000-4000 m. 
Note: For alternative treatment, see Neher (1966: 192). 
Voucher: Williams 2512* (US)
Departments: Puno.


$


 Tagetes filifolia Lag.



Tagetes filifolia Lag.

Synonyms: Tagetes filifolia Kunth, Tagetes filifolia Meyen & Walp., Tagetes filifolia Poepp. ex DC., Tagetes filifolia Turcz.


$


 Tagetes foeniculacea Poepp. ex DC.


Tagetes foeniculacea Poepp. ex DC. = Tagetes filifolia Lag.

$


 Tagetes gracilis DC.



Tagetes gracilis DC.

Reference: Neher, R., 1966: 152. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: shrublands. 1500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Dombey 29* (GH), Pennell 14577 
Departments: Cuzco, Lima.


$


 Tagetes graveolens L'H&eacute;r.


Tagetes graveolens L'H&eacute;r. = Tagetes terniflora Kunth

$


 Tagetes integrifolia Muschl.


Tagetes integrifolia Muschl. = Porophyllum ruderale (Jacq.) Cass.

Reference: Muschler, R., 1914: 77. 


$


 Tagetes multiflora Kunth



Tagetes multiflora Kunth

Synonyms: Tagetes multiflora Wedd.
Reference: Neher, R., 1966: 138. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-III: riversides. 1000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Willdenow 16118* (photo F), Treacy 777 (F)
Departments: Ancash, Arequipa, Cuzco, Lima.


$


 Tagetes multiflora var. rupestris Wedd.


Tagetes multiflora var. rupestris Wedd. = Tagetes multiflora Kunth

Reference: Neher, R., 1966: 138. 


$


 Tagetes pectinata Turcz.



Tagetes pectinata Turcz.

$


 Tagetes pusilla Kunth


Tagetes pusilla Kunth = Tagetes filifolia Lag.

$


 Tagetes silenoides Meyen & Walp.


Tagetes silenoides Meyen & Walp. = Tagetes filifolia Lag.

$


 Tagetes terniflora Kunth



Tagetes terniflora Kunth

Synonyms: Tagetes terniflora L'H&eacute;r.
Reference: Neher, R., 1966: 177. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I-III, Coastal: forests, grasslands. 500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Humboldt & Bonpland s.n.* (F)
Departments: Amazonas, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Taguaria punctata (Ruiz & Pav.) Raf.


Taguaria punctata (Ruiz & Pav.) Raf. = Gaiadendron punctatum (Ruiz & Pav.) G. Don

Reference: FP 1238: 396; Barlow, B. A. & D. Wiens, 1973: 39. 


$


 Talinum album Ruiz & Pav.


Talinum album Ruiz & Pav. = Calandrinia alba (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.

Reference: FP 1263: 569. 


$


 Talinum caulescens (Kunth) Sprengel


Talinum caulescens (Kunth) Sprengel = Calandrinia ciliata (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.

Reference: FP 1263: 569; Mostacero, I., 1976: 9. 


$


 Talinum ciliatum Ruiz & Pav.


Talinum ciliatum Ruiz & Pav. = Calandrinia ciliata (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.

Reference: FP 1263: 569; Mostacero, I., 1976: 7. 


$


 Talinum crassifolium Willd.


Talinum crassifolium Willd. = Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd.

Reference: FP 1263: 567. 


$


 Talinum crenatum Ruiz & Pav.


Talinum crenatum Ruiz & Pav. = Cistanthe paniculata (Ruiz & Pav.) Carolin ex Hershkovitz

Reference: FP 1263: 570; Hershkovitz, pers. comm.. 


$


 Talinum dichotomum Ruiz & Pav.


Talinum dichotomum Ruiz & Pav. = Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn.

Reference: FP 1263: 567; Nevling Jr., L. I., 1961: 86. 


$


 Talinum lingulatum Ruiz & Pav.


Talinum lingulatum Ruiz & Pav. = Cistanthe lingulata (Ruiz & Pav.) Hershkovitz

Reference: FP 1263: 570; Hershkovitz, M. A., 1991: 214. 


$


 Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn.



Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn.

Synonyms: Talinum paniculatum (Cav.) Haw., Talinum paniculatum (L.) Willd., Talinum paniculatum Cav., Talinum paniculatum Jacq., Talinum paniculatum Jacq., Talinum paniculatum Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1263: 567; Nevling Jr., L. I., 1961: 86. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I-II, Coastal: disturbed areas. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Williams 4409 (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Tumbes.


$


 Talinum paniculatum Ruiz & Pav.


Talinum paniculatum Ruiz & Pav. = Cistanthe paniculata (Ruiz & Pav.) Carolin ex Hershkovitz

Reference: FP 1263: 571; Hershkovitz, M. A., 1991: 216. 


$


 Talinum patens (L.) Willd.


Talinum patens (L.) Willd. = Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn.

Reference: FP 1263: 567; Nevling Jr., L. I., 1961: 86. 


$


 Talinum polyandrum Ruiz & Pav.


Talinum polyandrum Ruiz & Pav. = Cistanthe paniculata (Ruiz & Pav.) Carolin ex Hershkovitz

Reference: FP 1263: 572. 


$


 Talinum reflexum Cav.


Talinum reflexum Cav. = Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn.

Reference: FP 1263: 567; Nevling Jr., L. I., 1961: 86. 


$


 Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd.



Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd.

Synonyms: Talinum triangulare Diels, Talinum triangulare Jacq., Talinum triangulare L., Talinum triangulare Willd.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1263: 567. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I, Coastal: disturbed areas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Williams 5728 (F)
Departments: Cajamarca, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Piura, San Mart&iacute;n, Tumbes.


$


 Talisia acladodes Sprengel


Talisia acladodes Sprengel = Talisia pinnata (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) Radlk.

Reference: FP 1298: 382. 


$


 Talisia amazonica Guarim Neto



Talisia amazonica Guarim Neto

Reference: Guarim Neto, G., 1979: 233. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Criollo 5811 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto.


$


 Talisia bullata Radlk.



Talisia bullata Radlk.

Reference: Radlkofer, L., 1932: 853. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Identification uncertain.  
Voucher: V&aacute;squez et al. 6741 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Talisia carinata Radlk.



Talisia carinata Radlk.

Reference: Radlkofer, L., 1931: 847. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 7173 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Talisia cerasina (Benth.) Radlk.



Talisia cerasina (Benth.) Radlk.

Synonyms: Talisia cerasina Benth., Talisia cerasina Benth.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 380. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: disturbed areas, seasonally inundated areas, terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez et al. 7028 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Talisia clathrata Radlk.



Talisia clathrata Radlk.

Reference: Radlkofer, L., 1932: 843. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 56030 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Talisia cupularis Radlk.



Talisia cupularis Radlk.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 381. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   Data in the Flora of Peru based on misidentified material. 


$


 Talisia erecta Radlk.



Talisia erecta Radlk.

Reference: Radlkofer, L., 1932: 849. 
Ecology: Native treelet. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Barbour 5720 (F!)
Departments: Madre de Dios.


$


 Talisia firma Radlk.



Talisia firma Radlk.

Reference: Radlkofer, L., 1932: 842. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 7913 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Talisia hexaphylla Vahl



Talisia hexaphylla Vahl

Synonyms: Talisia hexaphylla Pittier
Reference: Croat, T. B., 1977: 529. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Zegarra 11 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Talisia japurensis Radlk.



Talisia japurensis Radlk.

Reference: Radlkofer, L., 1932: 857. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: D&iacute;az et al. 583 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Talisia macrophylla (C. Martius) Radlk.



Talisia macrophylla (C. Martius) Radlk.

Synonyms: Talisia macrophylla Mart.
Reference: Radlkofer, L., 1932: 844. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Note: Identification uncertain.  
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 7640 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Talisia megaphylla Sagot ex Radlk.



Talisia megaphylla Sagot ex Radlk.

Reference: Radlkofer, L., 1932: 855. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ayala et al. 2539 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Talisia micrantha Radlk.



Talisia micrantha Radlk.

Reference: Radlkofer, L., 1932: 847. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 104 (F!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Talisia obovata A.C. Sm.



Talisia obovata A.C. Sm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 380. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Talisia panamensis Pittier


Talisia panamensis Pittier = Talisia hexaphylla Vahl

Reference: Croat, T. B., 1977: 529. 


$


 Talisia peruviana Standl.



Talisia peruviana Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 381. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, tree. Amazonian: semi-deciduous forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Not Sapindaceae; may belong in the Simaroubaceae (Kramer, 1972: 672). 
Voucher: Williams 5745* (F), V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 4162 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Talisia pinnata (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) Radlk.



Talisia pinnata (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) Radlk.

Synonyms: Talisia pinnata Ruiz & Pav., Talisia pinnata Sprengel
Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 382. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ru&iacute;z & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (G photo F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Madre de Dios.


$


 Talisia reticulata Radlk.



Talisia reticulata Radlk.

Reference: Radlkofer, L., 1931: 848. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests on white sand, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 3782 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Talisia retusa Cowan



Talisia retusa Cowan

Reference: Cowan, R. S. and collaborators, 1952: 403. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 51136 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Madre de Dios.


$


 Talisia setigera Radlk.



Talisia setigera Radlk.

Reference: Radlkofer, L., 1932: 849. 
Ecology: Native treelet. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Acevedo-Rodr&iacute;guez 1585 (NY!, US!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Talisia sylvatica (Aubl.) Radlk.



Talisia sylvatica (Aubl.) Radlk.

Synonyms: Talisia sylvatica Aubl.
Reference: Radlkofer, L., 1932: 833. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Pipoly 13532 (US!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Talpinaria bivalvis Karsten


Talpinaria bivalvis Karsten = Pleurothallis talpinaria (Karsten) Rchb. f.

Reference: FP 1467: 345; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Tamarindus indica L.



Tamarindus indica L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 131; Duke, J. A., 1981: 228; Lewis, G. P., 1987: 105. 
Ecology: Cultivated tree. Amazonian, Coastal: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ancuash 510 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Piura, Tumbes.


$


 Tamonea guianensis Aubl.


Tamonea guianensis Aubl. = Miconia guianensis (Aubl.) Cogn.

Reference: FP 761: 416. 
Note: NN  


$


 Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Trev.) Sch. Bip.



Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Trev.) Sch. Bip.

Synonyms: Tanacetum cinerariifolium Trev.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1417: 19. 
Ecology: Cultivated herb. Andean I-II, Coastal: disturbed areas. 0-3500 m. 
Voucher: Soukup 2933 (F!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Lima.


$


 Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch. Bip.



Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Sch. Bip.

Synonyms: Tanacetum parthenium (L.) Bernh., Tanacetum parthenium L.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1417: 19. 
Ecology: Cultivated herb. Andean I-III: disturbed areas. 500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 15425 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Huancavelica, La Libertad, Lima, Pasco, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tanacetum vulgare L.



Tanacetum vulgare L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1417: 20. 
Ecology: Cultivated herb. Andean III: disturbed areas. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Brunel 104 (F!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Tanaecium duckei A. Samp.


Tanaecium duckei A. Samp. = Spathicalyx duckei (A. Samp.) A.H. Gentry

$


 Tanaecium jaroba Sw.



Tanaecium jaroba Sw.

Reference: Gentry, A. H., 1982: 412. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas, swamps. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 19622 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Tanaecium nocturnum (Barb. Rodr. ) Bureau & K. Schum.



Tanaecium nocturnum (Barb. Rodr. ) Bureau & K. Schum.

Synonyms: Tanaecium nocturnum Barb. Rodr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1362: 47; Gentry, A. H., 1982: 413. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian, Andean I: terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 39691 (AMAZ!, MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Tanaecium ovatum Bureau & K. Schum.


Tanaecium ovatum Bureau & K. Schum. = Memora schomburgkii (A. DC.) Miers

Reference: FP 1362: 68. 
Note: NN  


$


 Tandonia diffusa Moq.


Tandonia diffusa Moq. = Anredera diffusa (Moq.) Sperling

Reference: FP 1265: 576; Sperling, C. R., 1987: 234. 


$


 Tandonia filiformis Moq.


Tandonia filiformis Moq. = Anredera ramosa (Moq.) Eliasson

Reference: FP 1265: 577; Sperling, C. R., 1987: 222. 


$


 Tandonia ramosa Moq.


Tandonia ramosa Moq. = Anredera ramosa (Moq.) Eliasson

Reference: Sperling, C. R., 1987: 222. 


$


 Taonabo jelskii Szyszylowicz


Taonabo jelskii Szyszylowicz = Ternstroemia jelskii (Szyszyl.) Melch.

Reference: FP 1311: 738; Alderwerelt, van Rosenburgh, C., 1920: 327. 


$


 Taonabo pavoniana (Moric.) Szyszyl.


Taonabo pavoniana (Moric.) Szyszyl. = Ternstroemia quinquepartita Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1311: 740; Alderwerelt, van Rosenburgh, C., 1920: 338. 


$


 Tapeinostemon zamoranum Steyerm.



Tapeinostemon zamoranum Steyerm.

Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1951: 63; Pringle, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: grasslands, shrublands. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: D&iacute;az et al. 3951 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca.


$


 Tapirira guianensis Aubl.



Tapirira guianensis Aubl.

Synonyms: Tapirira guianensis Triana & Planch.
Reference: Flora Peru: 681: 244; Barfod, A. S., 1987: 41. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests, riversides. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Hartshorn 2437 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tapirira marchandii Engl.


Tapirira marchandii Engl. = Tapirira peckoltiana Engl.

Reference: Barfod, A. S., 1987: 43. 


$


 Tapirira myriantha Triana & Planch.


Tapirira myriantha Triana & Planch. = Tapirira guianensis Aubl.

Reference: FP 681: 244; Barfod, A. S., 1987: 41. 


$


 Tapirira peckoltiana Engl.



Tapirira peckoltiana Engl.

Synonyms: Tapirira peckoltiana Engl.
Reference: Barfod, A. S., 1987: 43. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests on white sand. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: van der Werff et al. 9838 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios.


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 Tapirira retusa Ducke



Tapirira retusa Ducke

Reference: Ducke, A., 1933: 64. 
Ecology: tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 6154 (AMAZ!, MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Tapogomea tomentosa Aubl.


Tapogomea tomentosa Aubl. = Psychotria poeppigiana subsp. poeppigiana 

Reference: FP 1365: 155; Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 678. 


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 Tapura acreana (Ule) Rizzini



Tapura acreana (Ule) Rizzini

Synonyms: Tapura acreana Ule
Reference: Prance, G. T., 1972: 66. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: disturbed areas, riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 142 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios.


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 Tapura amazonica Poepp. & Endl.



Tapura amazonica Poepp. & Endl.

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 Tapura amazonica var.amazonica



Tapura amazonica var. amazonica 

Reference: Flora Peru: 672: 959; Prance, G. T., 1972: 58. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 27330 (US!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Tapura capitulifera Spruce ex Baill.



Tapura capitulifera Spruce ex Baill.

Reference: Flora Peru: 672: 960; Prance, G. T., 1972: 72. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Tapura coriacea J.F. Macbr.



Tapura coriacea J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 672: 960; Prance, G. T., 1972: 52. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas, terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 602* (F!), V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 8681 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Tapura ferreyrae Prance



Tapura ferreyrae Prance

Reference: Prance, G. T., 1983: 70. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Wasshausen & Encarnaci&oacute;n 893* (US, USM!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Tapura guianensis Aubl.



Tapura guianensis Aubl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 672: 961; Prance, G. T., 1972: 68. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas, terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Foster 3126 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Tapura julianii J.F. Macbr.



Tapura julianii J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 672: 961; Prance, G. T., 1972: 51. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian: forests, riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 2010* (F!), Alexiades 82 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios.


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 Tapura juruana (Ule) Rizzini



Tapura juruana (Ule) Rizzini

Synonyms: Tapura juruana Ule
Reference: Flora Peru: 672: 964; Prance, G. T., 1972: 56. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 61854 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Tapura latifolia Benth.



Tapura latifolia Benth.

Reference: Flora Peru: 672: 961; Prance, G. T., 1972: 65. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Tapura leucantha K. Krause


Tapura leucantha K. Krause = Tapura peruviana K. Krause var. peruviana 

Reference: FP 672: 962; Prance, G. T., 1972: 52; Prance, G. T., 1980: 10. 


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 Tapura peruviana K. Krause



Tapura peruviana K. Krause

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 Tapura peruviana K. Krause var.peruviana



Tapura peruviana K. Krause var. peruviana 

Synonyms: Tapura peruviana peruviana K. Krause
Reference: Flora Peru: 672: 962; Prance, G. T., 1972: 54; Prance, G. T., 1980: 10. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Tessmann 4054* (F!), Berlin 539 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, Pasco.


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 Tapura peruviana var.petioliflora Prance



Tapura peruviana var. petioliflora Prance

Reference: Prance, G. T., 1972: 54; Prance, G. T., 1980: 12. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Mexia 6349* (MO!), Foster 5477 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Loreto, Madre de Dios.


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 Tapura tessmannii (K. Krause) Prance



Tapura tessmannii (K. Krause) Prance

Synonyms: Tapura tessmannii K. Krause
Reference: Prance, G. T., 1972: 68. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Tessmann 4987* (B photo F!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Tara spinosa (Molina) Britton & Rose


Tara spinosa (Molina) Britton & Rose = Caesalpinia spinosa (Molina) Kuntze

Reference: FP 21: 196; Carrillo, F. E., 1974: 61. 


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 Taralea oppositifolia Aubl.



Taralea oppositifolia Aubl.

Synonyms: Taralea oppositifolia (Aubl.) Taub., Taralea oppositifolia (Aubl.) Willd.
Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 250; Ducke, A., 1949: 165; Lima, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 15766 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Tarasa albertii (Philippi) Reiche



Tarasa albertii (Philippi) Reiche

Synonyms: Tarasa albertii (Phil.) Reiche
Reference: Flora Peru: 1302: 742; Hill, S. R., 1982: 372. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   The specimen cited in the Flora of Peru was redetermined to Urocarpidium peruvianum by Krapovickas (pers. comm.). 


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 Tarasa capitata (Cav.) Bates



Tarasa capitata (Cav.) Bates

Synonyms: Tarasa capitata (Cav.) Griseb., Tarasa capitata (Johnston) Krapovickas, Tarasa capitata Cav., Tarasa capitata Johnston
Reference: Hill, S. R., 1982: 377. 
Ecology: Endemic herb, shrub. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, rocky slopes. 1500-4000 m. 
Note: The type (Nee s.n.) may be from Uruguay, not Peru (Pool, pers. comm.).  
Voucher: L&oacute;pez 8307 (MO!), L&oacute;pez M. 8307 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, La Libertad, Moquegua, Puno.


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 Tarasa cardenasii Krapovickas



Tarasa cardenasii Krapovickas

Reference: Krapovickas, A., 1954: 131. 
Ecology. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui & Mostacero 10457 (MO!)
Departments: La Libertad.


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 Tarasa cerratei Krapovickas



Tarasa cerratei Krapovickas

Reference: Krapovickas, A., 1954: 125. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, forests, rocky slopes. 3000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Cerrate 1932* (SI), N&uacute;&ntilde;ez & Argue 8114 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Puno.


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 Tarasa congestiflora (Johnst.) Krapovickas



Tarasa congestiflora (Johnst.) Krapovickas

Synonyms: Tarasa congestiflora Johnst.
Reference: Krapovickas, A., 1954: 138. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: disturbed areas. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Hinkley & Hinkley 37* (GH), Pennell 13168 (US)
Departments: Arequipa, Cuzco, Lima, Puno.


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 Tarasa corrugata Krapovickas



Tarasa corrugata Krapovickas

Reference: Krapovickas, A., 1970: 65. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Vargas 4246* (CUZ)
Departments: Cuzco.


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 Tarasa hornschuchiana (Walpers) Krapovickas



Tarasa hornschuchiana (Walpers) Krapovickas

Synonyms: Tarasa hornschuchiana (Walpers) E.G. Baker, Tarasa hornschuchiana (Walpers) J.F. Macbr., Tarasa hornschuchiana Britton, Tarasa hornschuchiana Walpers
Reference: Krapovickas, A., 1954: 139. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: disturbed areas. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Meyen s.n.* (B photo F!), Solomon 3046 (USM!, MO!)
Departments: Arequipa, Cuzco, Moquegua.


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 Tarasa jorgensenii (Johnston) Krapovickas


Tarasa jorgensenii (Johnston) Krapovickas = Tarasa capitata (Cav.) Bates

Reference: Krapovickas, A., 1954: 138. 


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 Tarasa machupicchensis Krapovickas



Tarasa machupicchensis Krapovickas

Reference: Krapovickas, A., 1965: 115. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: disturbed areas, forests. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 791* (LIL), Ch&aacute;vez 3453 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


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 Tarasa mandonii (Baker f. ) Kearney



Tarasa mandonii (Baker f. ) Kearney

Synonyms: Tarasa mandonii (Baker f.) J.F. Macbr., Tarasa mandonii Baker f.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1302: 520; Krapovickas, A., 1954: 137. 
Ecology: Native shrub, subshrub, treelet. Andean II: disturbed areas. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: West 6425 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cuzco, Huancavelica.


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 Tarasa marinii Krapovickas



Tarasa marinii Krapovickas

Reference: Krapovickas, A., 1954: 140. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, grasslands. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Marin 351* (LIL), Solomon 3045 (MO!, USM!)
Departments: Cuzco.


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 Tarasa nototrichoides (Hochreutiner) Krapovickas



Tarasa nototrichoides (Hochreutiner) Krapovickas

Synonyms: Tarasa nototrichoides Hochreutiner
Reference: Krapovickas, A., 1979: 48; Hill, S. R., 1982: 395. 
Ecology. 4000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Rauh & Hirsch  P628* (G)
Departments: Puno.


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 Tarasa operculata (Cav.) Krapovickas



Tarasa operculata (Cav.) Krapovickas

Synonyms: Tarasa operculata (Cavanilles) Baker f., Tarasa operculata (Cavanilles) Hochreutiner, Tarasa operculata (Presl) Gray, Tarasa operculata (Presl) Kearney, Tarasa operculata Cav., Tarasa operculata Presl
Reference: Krapovickas, A., 1954: 134. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub, subshrub. Andean I-III, Coastal: disturbed areas, dry valleys, lomas, rocky slopes, shrublands. 0-4000 m. 
Voucher: Dombey s.n.* (MA), Sag&aacute;stegui & Cabanillas 8730 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Moquegua, Tacna.


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 Tarasa plumosa (Presl) Kearney


Tarasa plumosa (Presl) Kearney = Tarasa operculata (Cav.) Krapovickas

Reference: FP 1302: 521. 


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 Tarasa rahmeri Philippi



Tarasa rahmeri Philippi

Reference: Krapovickas, A., 1954: 135. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub, subshrub. Andean I-III: disturbed areas, forests on white sand. 1000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Dillon et al. 3274 (USM!, MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Arequipa, Tacna.


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 Tarasa rhombifolia Krapovickas



Tarasa rhombifolia Krapovickas

Reference: Krapovickas, A., 1970: 63. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: @Lomas--not this high!@  
Voucher: Vargas 9290* (CTES), Vargas 7633 (LIL)
Departments: Cuzco.


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 Tarasa spiciformis Krapovickas



Tarasa spiciformis Krapovickas

Reference: Krapovickas, A., 1965: 113. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Kunkel 495* (LIL), Weberbauer 7512 (US)
Departments: Ayacucho, Huancavelica, La Libertad.


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 Tarasa tenella (Cav.) Krapovickas



Tarasa tenella (Cav.) Krapovickas

Synonyms: Tarasa tenella (Cavanilles) Hieron., Tarasa tenella Britton, Tarasa tenella Cav., Tarasa tenella Schlechtendal ex Britton pro syn
Reference: Krapovickas, A., 1954: 123. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean III: rocky slopes. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Ugent & Ugent 4536 (USM!)
Departments: Arequipa, Cuzco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Puno.


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 Tarasa tenuis Krapovickas



Tarasa tenuis Krapovickas

Reference: Krapovickas, A., 1954: 121. 
Ecology. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 4808* (CAS), Vargas 9263 (MO!)
Departments: Arequipa, Puno, Tacna.


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 Tarasa thyrsoidea Krapovickas



Tarasa thyrsoidea Krapovickas

Reference: Krapovickas, A., 1954: 135. 
Ecology: Endemic herb, subshrub. Coastal: lomas, rocky slopes. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 8801* (F), Dillon et al. 3243 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Arequipa, Lima.


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 Tarasa urbaniana (Ulbrich) Krapovickas



Tarasa urbaniana (Ulbrich) Krapovickas

Synonyms: Tarasa urbaniana Ulbrich
Reference: Krapovickas, A., 1954: 140. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean III: grasslands, shrublands. 3500-4000 m. 
Note: @Amy--check elevation range here.  Data sheet says "0" then "567".  Maybe this is cultivated in Lima or something?@ 
Voucher: Weberbauer 927* (B photo F!), Gentry et al. 22793 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Puno.


$


 Taraxacum officinale Weber in Wigg.



Taraxacum officinale Weber in Wigg.

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 Tassadia aristata (Benth. ex E. Fourn.) Fontella



Tassadia aristata (Benth. ex E. Fourn.) Fontella

Synonyms: Tassadia aristata Benth. ex E. Fourn.
Reference: Fontella, J., 1977: 335. 
Ecology: Native vine. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 5773 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Tassadia berteriana (Spreng.) W.D. Stevens



Tassadia berteriana (Spreng.) W.D. Stevens

Synonyms: Tassadia berteriana Spreng.
Reference: Stevens, W. D., 1988: 335. 
Ecology: Native vine. Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 15241 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Tassadia cordata Malme



Tassadia cordata Malme

Reference: Fontella, J., 1977: 305. 
Ecology: Endemic vine. Amazonian: riversides. 0-500 m. 
Note:   
Voucher: Tessmann 3380* (G), Schunke 71 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Ucayali.


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 Tassadia grazielae Fontella



Tassadia grazielae Fontella

Reference: Fontella, J., 1977: 315. 
Ecology: Endemic vine. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Klug 488* (F), Woytkowski 6073 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Tassadia guianensis Decne.



Tassadia guianensis Decne.

Synonyms: Tassadia guianensis (Decne.) R.W. Holm
Reference: Fontella, J., 1977: 281. 
Ecology: Native vine. Amazonian: riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 390 (F)
Departments: Loreto, Ucayali.


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 Tassadia milanezii Fontella



Tassadia milanezii Fontella

Reference: Fontella, J., 1977: 353. 
Ecology: Native vine. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests, riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 5144* (MO!), Gentry & Revilla 21158 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Ucayali.


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 Tassadia obovata Decne.



Tassadia obovata Decne.

Synonyms: Tassadia obovata Decne.
Reference: Fontella, J., 1977: 373. 
Ecology: Native vine. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 3296 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Tassadia ovalifolia (E. Fourn.) Fontella



Tassadia ovalifolia (E. Fourn.) Fontella

Synonyms: Tassadia ovalifolia E. Fourn.
Reference: Fontella, J., 1977: 329. 
Ecology: Native vine. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests, riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 72 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Tassadia poeppigiana Decne.


Tassadia poeppigiana Decne. = Tassadia obovata Decne.

Reference: Fontella, J., 1977: 373. 


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 Tassadia propinqua Decne.



Tassadia propinqua Decne.

Reference: Fontella, J., 1977: 359. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry & D&iacute;az 28185 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Tassadia valioi Fontella



Tassadia valioi Fontella

Reference: Fontella, J., 1977: 305. 
Ecology: Native vine. Amazonian: riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Pires & Black 1049* (IAN), Smith et al. 1443 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios.


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 Taxus montana Willd.


Taxus montana Willd. = Podocarpus montanus (Willd.) Lodd.

Reference: Laubenfels, D. J. de, 1978: 189. 


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 Tecoma alata DC.


Tecoma alata DC. = Tecoma guarume A. DC.

Reference: Gentry, A. H., 1992: 281. 


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 Tecoma arequipensis (Sprague) Sandwith



Tecoma arequipensis (Sprague) Sandwith

Synonyms: Tecoma arequipensis Sprague
Reference: Flora Peru: 1362: 79; Gentry, A. H., 1992: 275. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: dry valleys. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 1430* (K!), Gentry et al. 23352 (MO!, USM!)
Departments: Arequipa, Apur&iacute;mac, Ayacucho, Cuzco.


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 Tecoma azaeleiflora Kunth


Tecoma azaeleiflora Kunth = Tecoma rosifolia Kunth

Reference: FP 1362: 82; Gentry, A. H., 1992: 283. 


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 Tecoma billbergii Bureau & K. Schum.


Tecoma billbergii Bureau & K. Schum. = Tabebuia billbergii subsp. ampla A.H. Gentry

Reference: Gentry, A. H., 1992: 151. 


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 Tecoma capensis (Thunb.) Lindl.



Tecoma capensis (Thunb.) Lindl.

Synonyms: Tecoma capensis Thunb.
Reference: Gentry, A. H., 1977: 162. 
Ecology: Cultivated liana. Coastal: forests on white sand. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Seibert 2094 (MO!)
Departments: Lima.


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 Tecoma capitata Bureau & K. Schum.


Tecoma capitata Bureau & K. Schum. = Tabebuia capitata (Bureau & K. Schum.) Sandwith

Reference: FP 1362: 87; Gentry, A. H., 1992: 161. 


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 Tecoma caraiba Mart.


Tecoma caraiba Mart. = Tabebuia aurea (Manso) Benth. & Hook. f. ex S. Moore

Reference: Gentry, A. H., 1992: 144. 


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 Tecoma castanifolia (D. Don) Melch.



Tecoma castanifolia (D. Don) Melch.

Synonyms: Tecoma castanifolia (D. Don) A. DC., Tecoma castanifolia (D. Don) Seem., Tecoma castanifolia A. DC., Tecoma castanifolia D. Don
Reference: Flora Peru: 1362: 80; Gentry, A. H., 1992: 278. 
Ecology. 500-1000 m. 
Note: The Peruvian plants are probably simple-leaved variants of T. weberbaueriana. 
Voucher: Soukup 4196 (F!, USM)
Departments: Piura.


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 Tecoma chrysantha (Jacq.) A. DC.


Tecoma chrysantha (Jacq.) A. DC. = Tabebuia chrysantha (Jacq.) Nicholson subsp. chrysantha 

Reference: Gentry, A. H., 1992: 165. 


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 Tecoma cochabambensis (Herzog) Sandwith



Tecoma cochabambensis (Herzog) Sandwith

Synonyms: Tecoma cochabambensis Herzog
Reference: Flora Peru: 1362: 81; Gentry, A. H., 1992: 279. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   The specimens cited in the Flora of Peru are T. guarume and T. arequipensis. 


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 Tecoma fulva (Cav.) G. Don



Tecoma fulva (Cav.) G. Don

Synonyms: Tecoma fulva (Cav.) Seem., Tecoma fulva (Cav.) Sprague, Tecoma fulva Cav., Tecoma fulva Schauer
Reference: Flora Peru: 1362: 81; Gentry, A. H., 1992: 279. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean I-II, Coastal: desert, riversides. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 7164 (MO!)
Departments: Tacna.


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 Tecoma gaudichaudii A. DC.


Tecoma gaudichaudii A. DC. = Tecoma castanifolia (D. Don) Melch.

Reference: FP 1362: 80; Gentry, A. H., 1992: 278. 


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 Tecoma grandiceps Kranzlin


Tecoma grandiceps Kranzlin = Tabebuia ochracea (Cham.) Standl. subsp. ochracea 

Reference: FP 1362: 87; Gentry, A. H., 1992: 226. 


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 Tecoma guarume A. DC.



Tecoma guarume A. DC.

Synonyms: Tecoma guarume DC., Tecoma guarume Dombey ex A. P. de Candolle, nom. nud., pro syn.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1362: 82; Gentry, A. H., 1992: 281. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean I, Coastal: dry valleys. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (F), Ferreyra 13458 (MO!, USM!)
Departments: Ica.


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 Tecoma guayacan Seem.


Tecoma guayacan Seem. = Tabebuia guayacan (Seem.) Hemsl.

Reference: Gentry, A. H., 1992: 187. 


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 Tecoma heteropoda A. DC.


Tecoma heteropoda A. DC. = Tabebuia ochracea (Cham.) Standl. subsp. ochracea 

Reference: FP 1362: 87; Gentry, A. H., 1992: 226. 


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$


 Tecoma impetiginosa Mart. ex DC.


Tecoma impetiginosa Mart. ex DC. = Tabebuia impetiginosa (Mart. ex DC.) Standl.

Reference: Gentry, A. H., 1992: 199. 


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 Tecoma insignis Miq.


Tecoma insignis Miq. = Tabebuia insignis (Miq.) Sandwith var. insignis 

Reference: Gentry, A. H., 1992: 205. 


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 Tecoma lateriflora Mart.


Tecoma lateriflora Mart. = Cuspidaria lateriflora (Mart.) A. DC.

Reference: FP 1362: 64; Gentry, A. H., 1982: 147. 


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 Tecoma obscura Bureau & K. Schum.


Tecoma obscura Bureau & K. Schum. = Tabebuia obscura (Bureau & K. Schum.) Sandwith

Reference: FP 1362: 88; Gentry, A. H., 1992: 223. 


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 Tecoma ochracea Cham.


Tecoma ochracea Cham. = Tabebuia ochracea (Cham.) Standl. subsp. ochracea 

Reference: Gentry, A. H., 1992: 226. 


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 Tecoma pratensis Bureau & Schumann ex Schumann


Tecoma pratensis Bureau & Schumann ex Schumann = Xylophragma pratense (Bureau & Schumann ex Schumann) Sprague

Reference: FP 1362: 65. 


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 Tecoma rosifolia Kunth



Tecoma rosifolia Kunth

Synonyms: Tecoma rosifolia (Kunth) Seem., Tecoma rosifolia Kranzlin, Tecoma rosifolia Kunth
Reference: Flora Peru: 1362: 82; Gentry, A. H., 1992: 283. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean I-II: dry valleys. 500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Humboldt & Bonpland s.n.* (P), Gentry et al. 23228 (MO!, USM!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, La Libertad, Piura.


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 Tecoma sambucifolia Kunth



Tecoma sambucifolia Kunth

Synonyms: Tecoma sambucifolia (Kunth) Seem.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1362: 83; Gentry, A. H., 1992: 284. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean II: disturbed areas, dry valleys. 1500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Humboldt & Bonpland 3672* (P!), Gentry et al. 37471 (MO!, USM!)
Departments: Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Lambayeque, Lima, La Libertad.


$


 Tecoma stans (L.) Jussieu ex Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth



Tecoma stans (L.) Jussieu ex Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth

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 Tecoma stans (L.) Jussieu ex Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth var.stans



Tecoma stans (L.) Jussieu ex Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth var. stans 

Synonyms: Tecoma stans stans (L.) Seem., Tecoma stans stans L.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1362: 84; Gentry, A. H., 1992: 285. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II, Coastal: dry valleys. 0-3000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry & D&iacute;az 58340 (MO!, USM!)
Departments: Amazonas, Apur&iacute;mac, Cajamarca, Lambayeque.


$


 Tecoma stans var.velutina A. DC.



Tecoma stans var. velutina A. DC.

Reference: Gentry, A. H., 1992: 289. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean II: dry valleys. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 22662 (MO!, USM!)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Cajamarca, Cuzco, La Libertad, Piura.


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 Tecoma tanaeciiflora (Kranzlin) Sandwith



Tecoma tanaeciiflora (Kranzlin) Sandwith

Synonyms: Tecoma tanaeciiflora Kranzlin
Reference: Flora Peru: 1362: 85; Gentry, A. H., 1992: 290. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean I: dry valleys. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 6844* (MO!)
Departments: Arequipa.


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 Tecoma tenuiflora (A. DC.) Fabris



Tecoma tenuiflora (A. DC.) Fabris

Synonyms: Tecoma tenuiflora A. DC., Tecoma tenuiflora Kuntze


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 Tecoma weberbaueriana (Kranzlin) Melch.



Tecoma weberbaueriana (Kranzlin) Melch.

Synonyms: Tecoma weberbaueriana Kranzlin
Reference: Flora Peru: 1362: 85; Gentry, A. H., 1992: 292. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Coastal: dry valleys. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 6005* (US!), Gentry et al. 22533 (MO!, USM!)
Departments: Lambayeque, Piura.


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 Tecomaria fulvum (Cav.) Seem.


Tecomaria fulvum (Cav.) Seem. = Tecoma fulva (Cav.) G. Don

Reference: FP 1362: 81; Gentry, A. H., 1992: 279. 


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 Tecomaria roseifolia (Kunth) Seem.


Tecomaria roseifolia (Kunth) Seem. = Tecoma rosifolia Kunth

Reference: FP 1362: 82; Gentry, A. H., 1992: 283. 


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 Tecophilaea violiflora Bertero ex Colla


Tecophilaea violiflora Bertero ex Colla = Distrepta vaginata Miers

Reference: FP 1190: 665. 


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 Tectaria fraxinea Cav.


Tectaria fraxinea Cav. = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 229. 


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 Tectona grandis fo. canescens Moldenke


Tectona grandis fo. canescens Moldenke = Tectona grandis L. f.

Reference: Moldenke, H. N., 1975: 28. 


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 Tectona grandis L. f.



Tectona grandis L. f.

Synonyms: Tectona grandis Moldenke
Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 610; L&oacute;pez-Palacios, S., 1977: 555. 
Ecology: Cultivated tree. Amazonian: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ferrerya 12977 (MO!)
Departments: Ucayali.


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 Teinosolen jamesonii Schum.


Teinosolen jamesonii Schum. = Arcytophyllum setosum (Ruiz & Pav.) Schltdl.

Reference: Mena V., P., 1990: 16. 


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 Telanthera andicola Moquin


Telanthera andicola Moquin = Alternanthera lupulina Kunth

Reference: FP 1255: 502. 


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 Telanthera bangii Rusby


Telanthera bangii Rusby = Alternanthera porrigens (Jacq.) Kuntze var. porrigens 

Reference: FP 1255: 503. 


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 Telanthera bettzickiana Regel


Telanthera bettzickiana Regel = Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) Standl.

Reference: FP 1255: 494; Mears, J., 1977: 16. 


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 Telanthera brasiliana (L.) Moquin


Telanthera brasiliana (L.) Moquin = Alternanthera brasiliana var. brasiliana 

Reference: FP 1255: 495; Mears, J., 1977: 12. 


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 Telanthera brasiliana var. villosa Moquin


Telanthera brasiliana var. villosa Moquin = Alternanthera brasiliana var. villosa (Moquin) Kuntze

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 Telanthera capituliflora Moquin


Telanthera capituliflora Moquin = Alternanthera flavescens Kunth

Reference: FP 1255: 495; Pedersen, T. M., 1976: 270. 


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 Telanthera caracasana (Kunth) Moquin


Telanthera caracasana (Kunth) Moquin = Alternanthera caracasana Kunth

Reference: FP 1255: 508; Mears, J., 1977: 10. 


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 Telanthera densiflora Moquin


Telanthera densiflora Moquin = Alternanthera halimifolia (Lam.) Standl. ex Pittier

Reference: FP 1255: 499. 


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 Telanthera dentata (Moench) Moquin


Telanthera dentata (Moench) Moquin = Alternanthera brasiliana var. brasiliana 

Reference: FP 1255: 496; Mears, J., 1977: 12. 


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 Telanthera elongata (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Moquin


Telanthera elongata (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Moquin = Alternanthera elongata var. elongata 

Reference: FP 1255: 497. 


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 Telanthera elongata var. nigriceps (Hooker) Moquin


Telanthera elongata var. nigriceps (Hooker) Moquin = Alternanthera porrigens (Jacq.) Kuntze var. porrigens 

Reference: FP 1255: 498. 


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 Telanthera ficoidea (Lam.) Moquin


Telanthera ficoidea (Lam.) Moquin = Alternanthera paronychioides St. Hilaire

Reference: FP 1255: 498; Mears, J., 1977: 7. 


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 Telanthera frutescens Moquin


Telanthera frutescens Moquin = Alternanthera halimifolia (Lam.) Standl. ex Pittier

Reference: FP 1255: 499. 


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 Telanthera frutescens var. acutifolia Moquin


Telanthera frutescens var. acutifolia Moquin = Alternanthera halimifolia (Lam.) Standl. ex Pittier

Reference: FP 1255: 499. 


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 Telanthera frutescens var. manillensis (Walpers) Moquin


Telanthera frutescens var. manillensis (Walpers) Moquin = Alternanthera truxillensis Kunth

Reference: FP 1255: 499; Mears, J., 1977: 20. 


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 Telanthera glomerata Moquin


Telanthera glomerata Moquin = Alternanthera pubiflora (Benth.) Kuntze

Reference: FP 1255: 506. 


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 Telanthera gomphrenoides Moquin


Telanthera gomphrenoides Moquin = Alternanthera porrigens (Jacq.) Kuntze var. porrigens 

Reference: FP 1255: 506. 


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 Telanthera gomphrenoides var. ovata Moquin


Telanthera gomphrenoides var. ovata Moquin = Alternanthera porrigens (Jacq.) Kuntze var. porrigens 

Reference: FP 2169: 1133. 


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 Telanthera halimifolia (Lam.) A. Stewart


Telanthera halimifolia (Lam.) A. Stewart = Alternanthera halimifolia (Lam.) Standl. ex Pittier

Reference: FP 1255: 499. 


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 Telanthera lanceolata (Benth.) Moquin


Telanthera lanceolata (Benth.) Moquin = Alternanthera mexicana (Schltdl.) Hieron.

Reference: FP 1255: 500. 


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 Telanthera lupulina (Kunth) Moquin


Telanthera lupulina (Kunth) Moquin = Alternanthera macbridei Standl.

Reference: FP 1255: 502. 


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 Telanthera luzuloides Moquin


Telanthera luzuloides Moquin = Alternanthera porrigens (Jacq.) Kuntze var. porrigens 

Reference: FP 1255: 503. 


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 Telanthera mexicana Moquin


Telanthera mexicana Moquin = Alternanthera mexicana (Schltdl.) Hieron.

Reference: FP 1255: 503. 


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 Telanthera meyeriana Regel & Koernicke


Telanthera meyeriana Regel & Koernicke = Alternanthera porrigens (Jacq.) Kuntze var. porrigens 

Reference: FP 1255: 503. 


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 Telanthera microcephala Moquin


Telanthera microcephala Moquin = Alternanthera mexicana (Schltdl.) Hieron.

Reference: FP 1255: 503; Eliasson, U., 1987: 91. 


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 Telanthera nana Moquin


Telanthera nana Moquin = Alternanthera dominii Schinz

Reference: FP 1255: 497. 


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 Telanthera paniculata (Kunth) Moquin


Telanthera paniculata (Kunth) Moquin = Alternanthera porrigens (Jacq.) Kuntze var. porrigens 

Reference: FP 1255: 503. 


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 Telanthera peruviana Moquin


Telanthera peruviana Moquin = Alternanthera peruviana (Moquin) Suess.

Reference: FP 1255: 504; Eliasson, U., 1987: 73. 


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 Telanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Moquin


Telanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Moquin = Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.

Reference: FP 1255: 505; Mears, J., 1977: 14. 


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 Telanthera picta (Passarge) C. Koch


Telanthera picta (Passarge) C. Koch = Alternanthera bettzickiana (Regel) Standl.

Reference: FP 1255: 494; Mears, J., 1977: 16. 


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 Telanthera porrigens (Jacq.) Moquin


Telanthera porrigens (Jacq.) Moquin = Alternanthera porrigens (Jacq.) Kuntze var. porrigens 

Reference: FP 1255: 506; Eliasson, U., 1987: 84. 


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 Telanthera pubiflora (Benth.) Moquin


Telanthera pubiflora (Benth.) Moquin = Alternanthera pubiflora (Benth.) Kuntze

Reference: FP 1255: 506; Eliasson, U., 1987: 95. 


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 Telanthera pubiflora var. glomerata Moquin


Telanthera pubiflora var. glomerata Moquin = Alternanthera pubiflora (Benth.) Kuntze

Reference: FP 1255: 506. 


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 Telanthera pungens (Kunth) Moquin


Telanthera pungens (Kunth) Moquin = Alternanthera pungens Kunth

Reference: FP 1255: 507; Eliasson, U., 1987: 64 ; Mears, J., 1977: 9. 


$


 Telanthera ramosissima (Mart.) Moquin


Telanthera ramosissima (Mart.) Moquin = Alternanthera brasiliana var. villosa (Moquin) Kuntze

Reference: FP 1255: 495; Mears, J., 1977: 13. 


$


 Telanthera riveti Danguy & Chermezon


Telanthera riveti Danguy & Chermezon = Alternanthera porrigens (Jacq.) Kuntze var. porrigens 

Reference: FP 1255: 506. 


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 Telanthera tomentosa Moquin


Telanthera tomentosa Moquin = Alternanthera villosa Kunth

Reference: FP 1255: 509. 


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 Telanthera truxillensis (Kunth) Moquin


Telanthera truxillensis (Kunth) Moquin = Alternanthera truxillensis Kunth

Reference: FP 1255: 499; Mears, J., 1977: 20; Eliasson, U., 1987: 71. 


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 Telanthera villosa (Kunth) Moquin


Telanthera villosa (Kunth) Moquin = Alternanthera villosa Kunth

Reference: FP 1255: 509. 


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$


 Teliostachya lanceolata var.crispa Nees



Teliostachya lanceolata var. crispa Nees

Reference: Leonard, E. C., 1951: 114. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 2240* (W photo US), Klug 355 (US)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Teliostachya lanceolata var.lanceolata



Teliostachya lanceolata var. lanceolata 

Reference: Leonard, E. C., 1951: 113. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I: forests on white sand. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 4973 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Pasco.


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 Telipogon andicola Rchb. f.



Telipogon andicola Rchb. f.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1510: 78; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Note: Not known from Peru. Known from Ecuador.  


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 Telipogon antioquianus Rchb. f.



Telipogon antioquianus Rchb. f.

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


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 Telipogon antonietae Bennett & Fernandez



Telipogon antonietae Bennett & Fernandez

Reference: Bennett Jr., D. E. & R. Fern&aacute;ndez G., 1992: 2; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. Andean II: cloud forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Bennett et al. 3905* (USM), Bennett et al. 3906 (USM)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


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 Telipogon ariasii Dodson & Bennett



Telipogon ariasii Dodson & Bennett

Reference: Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 184. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Bennett 3613* (MO)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


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 Telipogon astroglossus Rchb. f.


Telipogon astroglossus Rchb. f. = Stellilabium astroglossum (Rchb. f.) Schltr.

Reference: FP 1484: 961; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


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 Telipogon atropurpurea Bennett & Fernandez



Telipogon atropurpurea Bennett & Fernandez

Reference: Bennett Jr., D. E. & R. Fern&aacute;ndez G., 1992: 9; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. Andean II: cloud forests. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Bennett 4562* (USM)
Departments: Piura.


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 Telipogon benedicti Rchb. f.



Telipogon benedicti Rchb. f.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1484: 947; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 2500-3500 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


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 Telipogon boissieranus Rchb. f.



Telipogon boissieranus Rchb. f.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1484: 947; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native herb. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* , Peyton & Peyton 1343 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Pasco.


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 Telipogon bowmanii Rchb. f.



Telipogon bowmanii Rchb. f.

Synonyms: Telipogon bowmanii C. Schweinf.
Reference: Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 185. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean II: cloud forests. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Peyton & Peyton 977 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Pasco.


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 Telipogon campoverdei Bennett & Fernandez



Telipogon campoverdei Bennett & Fernandez

Reference: Bennett Jr., D. E. & R. Fern&aacute;ndez G., 1992: 6; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. Andean II: cloud forests. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Bennett 4561* (USM)
Departments: Piura.


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 Telipogon dalstromii Dodson



Telipogon dalstromii Dodson

Reference: Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 186. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean II: cloud forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Bennett 4022 (MO!)
Departments: Piura.


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 Telipogon fritillum Rchb. f. & Warsz.



Telipogon fritillum Rchb. f. & Warsz.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1484: 948; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. . 
Voucher: Warscewicz s.n.* 


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 Telipogon genegeorgei Bennett & Fernandez



Telipogon genegeorgei Bennett & Fernandez

Reference: Bennett Jr., D. E. & R. Fern&aacute;ndez G., 1992: 4. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. Andean II: cloud forests. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Bennett et al. 3966* (USM), Bennett et al. 4014 (USM)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


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 Telipogon gnomus Schltr.



Telipogon gnomus Schltr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1484: 948; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Filomeno s.n.* , Hutchison & Wright 5326 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


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 Telipogon gymnostele Rchb. f.



Telipogon gymnostele Rchb. f.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1484: 949; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Warscewicz s.n.* 


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 Telipogon hauschildianus Braas



Telipogon hauschildianus Braas

Reference: Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 187. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. Andean II: cloud forests. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Bennett 947 [=Hutchison 6960 (UC)]
Departments: Amazonas.


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 Telipogon hercules Rchb. f. ex Kraenzl.



Telipogon hercules Rchb. f. ex Kraenzl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1484: 950; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. . 
Voucher: Roezl s.n.* 


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 Telipogon hutchinsonii Dodson & Bennett



Telipogon hutchinsonii Dodson & Bennett

Reference: Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 188. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean II: cloud forests. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 6960* (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca.


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 Telipogon intis Braas



Telipogon intis Braas

Reference: Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 189. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. Andean II: cloud forests. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Bennet & Bennett 3486 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


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 Telipogon latifolius Kunth



Telipogon latifolius Kunth

Reference: Flora Peru: 1484: 950; Dodson, C. H. & P. M. Dodson, 1984: 993; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Note: Not known from Peru. Known from Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela.  The type specimen, Humboldt & Bonpland s.n.* (P!), is from near Bogot&aacute; (Dodson, pers. comm.).  


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 Telipogon lehmannii Schltr.



Telipogon lehmannii Schltr.

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 2000-3500 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


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 Telipogon lueri Dodson & Bennett



Telipogon lueri Dodson & Bennett

Reference: Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 190. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: cloud forests. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Luer et al. 5428* (RPSC), Bennett & Bennett 3687B (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco.


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 Telipogon mendiolae Dodson & Bennett



Telipogon mendiolae Dodson & Bennett

Reference: Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 191. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: cloud forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Mendiola 4213* (MO!)
Departments: Piura.


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 Telipogon obovatus Lindl.



Telipogon obovatus Lindl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1484: 951; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Lobb s.n.* 


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 Telipogon papilio Rchb. f. & Warsz.



Telipogon papilio Rchb. f. & Warsz.

Synonyms: Telipogon papilio Rchb. f.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1484: 951; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean II: forests. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Warscewicz s.n.* 
Departments: Cuzco.


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 Telipogon peruvianus Hashimoto



Telipogon peruvianus Hashimoto

Reference: Hashimoto, T., 1990: 22; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. Andean II: forests. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Nakata 5225* (TNS), Wasshausen & Encarnaci&oacute;n 781 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Telipogon phalaenopsis Braas



Telipogon phalaenopsis Braas

Reference: Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 192. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. Andean II: cloud forests. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Bennett 940 (UC)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Telipogon pogonostalix Rchb. f.


Telipogon pogonostalix Rchb. f. = Stellilabium pogonostalix (Rchb. f.) Garay & Dunst.

Reference: FP 1510: 78; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Note: NN  


$


 Telipogon radiatus Rchb. f.



Telipogon radiatus Rchb. f.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1484: 952; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 2500-3500 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


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 Telipogon rhombipetalus C. Schweinf.



Telipogon rhombipetalus C. Schweinf.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1484: 952; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: "F.W.D." s.n.* (F)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Telipogon semipictus Rchb. f. ex Kraenzl.



Telipogon semipictus Rchb. f. ex Kraenzl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1484: 954; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Note: Not known from Peru. Known from Colombia and Ecuador.  


$


 Telipogon tessallatus Lindl.



Telipogon tessallatus Lindl.

Synonyms: Telipogon tessallatus Garay
Reference: Flora Peru: 1484: 954; Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 193. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean II: cloud forests. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison & von Bismarck 6474 (UC)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Telipogon teuscheri Garay


Telipogon teuscheri Garay = Telipogon tessallatus Lindl.

Reference: Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 193. 


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 Telipogon urceolatus C. Schweinf.



Telipogon urceolatus C. Schweinf.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1484: 955; Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 194. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. Andean II: cloud forests. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 4193* , Bennett & Bennett 3504 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Telipogon vargasii C. Schweinf.


Telipogon vargasii C. Schweinf. = Telipogon bowmanii Rchb. f.

Reference: FP 1484: 955; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


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 Telipogon warscewiczii Rchb. f.


Telipogon warscewiczii Rchb. f. = Telipogon papilio Rchb. f. & Warsz.

Reference: FP 1484: 958; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


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 Telitoxicum duckei (Diels) Moldenke



Telitoxicum duckei (Diels) Moldenke

Synonyms: Telitoxicum duckei Diels
Reference: Krukoff, B. A. & H. N. Moldenke, 1938: 48. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: D&iacute;az et al. 1027 (NY!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Telitoxicum krukovii Moldenke



Telitoxicum krukovii Moldenke

Reference: Barneby, R. C. & B. A. Krukoff, 1971: 30. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 15 (NY!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Telitoxicum minutiflorum (Diels) Moldenke



Telitoxicum minutiflorum (Diels) Moldenke

Synonyms: Telitoxicum minutiflorum Diels
Reference: Krukoff, B. A. & H. N. Moldenke, 1938: 49. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Tessmann 4565* (B photo F), V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 11039 (NY!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Telitoxicum peruvianum Moldenke



Telitoxicum peruvianum Moldenke

Reference: Krukoff, B. A. & H. N. Moldenke, 1938: 45. 
Ecology: Endemic liana. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 2129* (F), V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 10464 (NY!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Tephrocactus alboareolatus F. Ritter


Tephrocactus alboareolatus F. Ritter = Opuntia zehnderi (Rauh & Backeb.) G.D. Rowley

Reference: Ritter, F., 1981: 1249; Hunt, D., 1992: 134. 


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 Tephrocactus atroviridis (Werdermann & Backeberg) Backeb.


Tephrocactus atroviridis (Werdermann & Backeberg) Backeb. = Opuntia floccosa Salm-Dyck

Reference: Backeberg, C. & F. M. Knuth, 1935: 105; Rauh, W., 1958: 212; Hunt, D., 1992: 135. 


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 Tephrocactus atroviridis var. longicylindricus Rauh & Backeb.


Tephrocactus atroviridis var. longicylindricus Rauh & Backeb. = Opuntia floccosa Salm-Dyck

Reference: Rauh, W., 1958: 212. 


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 Tephrocactus atroviridis var. parviflorus Rauh & Backeb.


Tephrocactus atroviridis var. parviflorus Rauh & Backeb. = Opuntia floccosa Salm-Dyck

Reference: Rauh, W., 1958: 213. 


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 Tephrocactus atroviridis var. paucispinus Rauh & Backeb.


Tephrocactus atroviridis var. paucispinus Rauh & Backeb. = Opuntia floccosa Salm-Dyck

Reference: Rauh, W., 1958: 214. 


$


 Tephrocactus bicolor (Rauh & Backeb.) Rauh


Tephrocactus bicolor (Rauh & Backeb.) Rauh = Opuntia fulvicoma (Rauh & Backeb.) G.D. Rowley

Reference: Rauh, W., 1958: 223; Ritter, F., 1981: 1253. 


$


 Tephrocactus blancii Backeb.


Tephrocactus blancii Backeb. = Opuntia blancii (Backeb.) G.D. Rowley

Reference: Backeberg, C., 1956: 8; Rauh, W., 1958: 218; Rowley, G. D., 1958: 5. 


$


 Tephrocactus campestris (Britton & Rose) Backeb.


Tephrocactus campestris (Britton & Rose) Backeb. = Opuntia sphaerica Foerster

Reference: Backeberg, C. & F. M. Knuth, 1935: 111. 


$


 Tephrocactus corotilla (Schumann ex Vaupel) Backeb.


Tephrocactus corotilla (Schumann ex Vaupel) Backeb. = Opuntia corotilla Schumann ex Vaupel

Reference: Backeberg, C. & F. M. Knuth, 1935: 112; Hunt, D., 1992: 135. 


$


 Tephrocactus corotilla var. aurantiaciflorus Rauh & Backeb.


Tephrocactus corotilla var. aurantiaciflorus Rauh & Backeb. = Opuntia corotilla Schumann ex Vaupel

Reference: Backeberg, C., 1956: 8; Rauh, W., 1958: 225; Rowley, G. D., 1958: 5. 


$


 Tephrocactus crassicylindricus Rauh & Backeb.


Tephrocactus crassicylindricus Rauh & Backeb. = Opuntia crassicylindrica (Rauh & Backeb.) G.D. Rowley

Reference: Backeberg, C., 1956: 8; Rauh, W., 1958: 200; Rowley, G. D., 1958: 5. 


$


 Tephrocactus crispicrinitus Rauh & Backeb.


Tephrocactus crispicrinitus Rauh & Backeb. = Opuntia floccosa Salm-Dyck

Reference: Backeberg, C., 1956: 7; Rauh, W., 1958: 209; Hunt, D., 1992: 135. 


$


 Tephrocactus crispicrinitus var. cylindraceus Rauh & Backeb.


Tephrocactus crispicrinitus var. cylindraceus Rauh & Backeb. = Opuntia floccosa Salm-Dyck

Reference: Backeberg, C., 1956: 7; Rauh, W., 1958: 211; Rowley, G. D., 1958: 5. 


$


 Tephrocactus cylindrolanatus Rauh & Backeb.


Tephrocactus cylindrolanatus Rauh & Backeb. = Opuntia floccosa Salm-Dyck

Reference: Backeberg, C., 1956: 7; Rauh, W., 1958: 208; Rowley, G. D., 1958: 5. 


$


 Tephrocactus dactyliferus (Vaupel) Backeb.


Tephrocactus dactyliferus (Vaupel) Backeb. = Opuntia dactylifera Vaupel

Reference: Ritter, F., 1980: 490; Hunt, D., 1992: 135. 


$


 Tephrocactus dimorphus (Foerster) Backeb.


Tephrocactus dimorphus (Foerster) Backeb. = Opuntia sphaerica Foerster

Reference: Rauh, W., 1958: 198; Hunt, D., 1992: 135. 


$


 Tephrocactus floccosus (Salm-Dyck) Backeb.


Tephrocactus floccosus (Salm-Dyck) Backeb. = Opuntia floccosa Salm-Dyck

Reference: Backeberg, C. & F. M. Knuth, 1935: 105; Rauh, W., 1958: 203; Ritter, F., 1981: 1244. 


$


 Tephrocactus floccosus subvar. aurescens Rauh & Backeb.


Tephrocactus floccosus subvar. aurescens Rauh & Backeb. = Opuntia floccosa Salm-Dyck

Reference: Backeberg, C., 1956: 7. 


$


 Tephrocactus floccosus var. aurescens Rauh & Backeb.


Tephrocactus floccosus var. aurescens Rauh & Backeb. = Opuntia floccosa Salm-Dyck

Reference: Rauh, W., 1958: 203. 


$


 Tephrocactus floccosus var. crassior Backeb.


Tephrocactus floccosus var. crassior Backeb. = Opuntia floccosa Salm-Dyck

Reference: Backeberg, C., 1956: 6; Rowley, G. D., 1958: 5. 


$


 Tephrocactus floccosus var. cylindraceus Rauh & Backeb.


Tephrocactus floccosus var. cylindraceus Rauh & Backeb. = Opuntia floccosa Salm-Dyck

Reference: Backeberg, C., 1956: 7. 


$


 Tephrocactus floccosus var. flavicomus Rauh & Backeb.


Tephrocactus floccosus var. flavicomus Rauh & Backeb. = Opuntia floccosa Salm-Dyck

Reference: Backeberg, C., 1956: 7. 


$


 Tephrocactus floccosus var. lapopus (K. Schum.) F. Ritter


Tephrocactus floccosus var. lapopus (K. Schum.) F. Ritter = Opuntia lagopus K. Schum.

Reference: Ritter, F., 1981: 1242. 


$


 Tephrocactus floccosus var. ovoides Rauh & Backeb.


Tephrocactus floccosus var. ovoides Rauh & Backeb. = Opuntia floccosa Salm-Dyck

Reference: Backeberg, C., 1956: 7; Rowley, G. D., 1958: 5. 


$


 Tephrocactus fulvicomus Rauh & Backeb.


Tephrocactus fulvicomus Rauh & Backeb. = Opuntia fulvicoma (Rauh & Backeb.) G.D. Rowley

Reference: Backeberg, C., 1956: 9; Rauh, W., 1958: 220; Rowley, G. D., 1958: 5. 


$


 Tephrocactus fulvicomus var. bicolor Rauh & Backeb.


Tephrocactus fulvicomus var. bicolor Rauh & Backeb. = Opuntia fulvicoma (Rauh & Backeb.) G.D. Rowley

Reference: Backeberg, C., 1956: 9; Rauh, W., 1958: 223; Rowley, G. D., 1958: 5. 


$


 Tephrocactus hirschii Backeb.


Tephrocactus hirschii Backeb. = Opuntia hirschii (Backeb.) G.D. Rowley

Reference: Backeberg, C., 1956: 8; Rauh, W., 1958: 217; Rowley, G. D., 1958: 5. 


$


 Tephrocactus ignescens (Vaupel) Backeb.


Tephrocactus ignescens (Vaupel) Backeb. = Opuntia ignescens Vaupel

Reference: Backeberg, C. & F. M. Knuth, 1935: 108; Rauh, W., 1958: 219; Hunt, D., 1992: 135. 


$


 Tephrocactus ignotus (Britton & Rose) Backeb.


Tephrocactus ignotus (Britton & Rose) Backeb. = Opuntia corotilla Schumann ex Vaupel

Reference: Backeberg, C. & F. M. Knuth, 1935: 111; Rauh, W., 1958: 225; Ritter, F., 1981: 1250. 


$


 Tephrocactus kuehnirichianus (Werdermann & Backeberg) Backeb.


Tephrocactus kuehnirichianus (Werdermann & Backeberg) Backeb. = Opuntia sphaerica Foerster

Reference: Backeberg, C. & F. M. Knuth, 1935: 110; Rauh, W., 1958: 197; Ritter, F., 1981: 1253. 


$


 Tephrocactus lagopus (Schumann) Backeb.


Tephrocactus lagopus (Schumann) Backeb. = Opuntia lagopus K. Schum.

Reference: Backeberg, C. & F. M. Knuth, 1935: 106; Rauh, W., 1958: 204; Ritter, F., 1981: 1242. 


$


 Tephrocactus lagopus var. aureo-penicillatus Rauh & Backeb.


Tephrocactus lagopus var. aureo-penicillatus Rauh & Backeb. = Opuntia lagopus K. Schum.

Reference: Backeberg, C., 1956: 7; Rauh, W., 1958: 206; Rowley, G. D., 1958: 6. 


$


 Tephrocactus lagopus var. aureus Rauh & Backeb.


Tephrocactus lagopus var. aureus Rauh & Backeb. = Opuntia lagopus K. Schum.

Reference: Backeberg, C., 1956: 7; Rauh, W., 1958: 206; Rowley, G. D., 1958: 5. 


$


 Tephrocactus lagopus var. leucolagopus Rauh & Backeb.


Tephrocactus lagopus var. leucolagopus Rauh & Backeb. = Opuntia lagopus K. Schum.

Reference: Backeberg, C., 1956: 7; Rowley, G. D., 1958: 6. 


$


 Tephrocactus lagopus var. pachycladus Rauh & Backeb.


Tephrocactus lagopus var. pachycladus Rauh & Backeb. = Opuntia lagopus K. Schum.

Reference: Backeberg, C., 1956: 7; Rauh, W., 1958: 204; Rowley, G. D., 1958: 6. 


$


 Tephrocactus malyanus Rausch


Tephrocactus malyanus Rausch = Opuntia lagopus K. Schum.

Reference: Ritter, F., 1981: 1244; Hunt, D., 1992: 135. 


$


 Tephrocactus mirus Rauh & Backeb.


Tephrocactus mirus Rauh & Backeb. = Opuntia sphaerica Foerster

Reference: Backeberg, C., 1956: 8; Rauh, W., 1958: 199; Ritter, F., 1981: 1253. 


$


 Tephrocactus mistiensis Backeb.


Tephrocactus mistiensis Backeb. = Opuntia mistiensis (Backeb.) G.D. Rowley

Reference: Backeberg, C. & F. M. Knuth, 1935: 410; Rauh, W., 1958: 225; Rowley, G. D., 1958: 6. 


$


 Tephrocactus multiareolatus F. Ritter



Tephrocactus multiareolatus F. Ritter

Synonyms: Tephrocactus multiareolatus (F. Ritter) F. Ritter
Reference: Ritter, F., 1964: 144; Hunt, D., 1992: 135. 
Ecology: Endemic Sprawling cactus. Andean II: rocky slopes. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Accepted provisionally by Hunt (1992).  
Voucher: Ritter 275* (ZSS)
Departments: Arequipa.


$


 Tephrocactus noodtiae Backeb. & H. Jacobsen


Tephrocactus noodtiae Backeb. & H. Jacobsen = Opuntia dactylifera Vaupel

Reference: Backeberg, C., 1956: 8; Rauh, W., 1958: 225; Hunt, D., 1992: 135. 


$


 Tephrocactus pentlandii (Salm-Dyck) Backeb.


Tephrocactus pentlandii (Salm-Dyck) Backeb. = Opuntia pentlandii Salm-Dyck

Reference: Backeberg, C. & F. M. Knuth, 1935: 108; Hunt, D., 1992: 135. 


$


 Tephrocactus pentlandii var. rossiana Heinrich & Backeberg


Tephrocactus pentlandii var. rossiana Heinrich & Backeberg = Cumulopuntia rossiana (Heinrich & Backeberg) F. Ritter

$


 Tephrocactus pseudo-udonis Rauh & Backeb.


Tephrocactus pseudo-udonis Rauh & Backeb. = Opuntia floccosa Salm-Dyck

Reference: Backeberg, C., 1956: 7; Rauh, W., 1958: 208; Hunt, D., 1992: 135. 


$


 Tephrocactus punta-caillan Rauh & Backeb.


Tephrocactus punta-caillan Rauh & Backeb. = Opuntia punta-caillan (Rauh & Backeb.) G.D. Rowley

Reference: Backeberg, C., 1956: 8; Rauh, W., 1958: 217; Rowley, G. D., 1958: 6. 


$


 Tephrocactus pyrrhacanthus (K. Schum.) Backeb.


Tephrocactus pyrrhacanthus (K. Schum.) Backeb. = Opuntia pyrrhacantha K. Schum.

Reference: Ritter, F., 1981: 1249; Hunt, D., 1992: 135. 


$


 Tephrocactus rauhii Backeb.


Tephrocactus rauhii Backeb. = Opuntia floccosa Salm-Dyck

Reference: Backeberg, C., 1956: 7; Rauh, W., 1958: 211; Hunt, D., 1992: 135. 


$


 Tephrocactus sphaericus (Foerster) Backeb.


Tephrocactus sphaericus (Foerster) Backeb. = Opuntia sphaerica Foerster

Reference: Backeberg, C. & F. M. Knuth, 1935: 111; Rauh, W., 1958: 197; Ritter, F., 1980: 885. 


$


 Tephrocactus sphaericus var. rauppianus (K. Schum.) Backeb.


Tephrocactus sphaericus var. rauppianus (K. Schum.) Backeb. = Opuntia sphaerica Foerster

Reference: Rowley, G. D., 1958: 25. 


$


 Tephrocactus sphaericus var. unguispina Backeb.


Tephrocactus sphaericus var. unguispina Backeb. = Opuntia unguispina Backeb.

Reference: Rowley, G. D., 1958: 25. 


$


 Tephrocactus staffordae (Bullock) Backeb.


Tephrocactus staffordae (Bullock) Backeb. = Opuntia staffordae Bullock

Reference: Eggli, U. & N. Taylor, 1991: 211. 


$


 Tephrocactus udonis (Weingart) Backeb.


Tephrocactus udonis (Weingart) Backeb. = Opuntia floccosa Salm-Dyck

Reference: Backeberg, C. & F. M. Knuth, 1935: 106; Rauh, W., 1958: 208; Hunt, D., 1992: 136. 


$


 Tephrocactus verticosus (Weingart) Backeb.


Tephrocactus verticosus (Weingart) Backeb. = Opuntia floccosa Salm-Dyck

Reference: Backeberg, C. & F. M. Knuth, 1935: 106; Rauh, W., 1958: 209; Hunt, D., 1992: 136. 


$


 Tephrocactus yanganucensis Rauh & Backeb.


Tephrocactus yanganucensis Rauh & Backeb. = Opuntia yanganucensis (Rauh & Backeb.) G.D. Rowley

Reference: Backeberg, C., 1956: 8; Rauh, W., 1958: 217; Rowley, G. D., 1958: 6. 


$


 Tephrocactus zehnderi Rauh & Backeb.


Tephrocactus zehnderi Rauh & Backeb. = Opuntia zehnderi (Rauh & Backeb.) G.D. Rowley

Reference: Backeberg, C., 1956: 9; Rauh, W., 1958: 220; Rowley, G. D., 1958: 6. 


$


 Tephrosia adunca Benth.



Tephrosia adunca Benth.

Reference: Ducke, A., 1949: 164; Foster, R. C., 1958: 102. 
Ecology: Native subshrub. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Croat 58341 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca.


$


 Tephrosia candida DC.



Tephrosia candida DC.

Reference: Duke, J. A., 1981: 230; Lewis, G. P., 1987: 238. 
Ecology: Introduced shrub. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez et al. 405 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Tephrosia caribaea (Jacq.) DC.


Tephrosia caribaea (Jacq.) DC. = Coursetia caribaea (Jacq.) Lavin var. caribaea 

Reference: Lavin, M., 1988: 112. 


$


 Tephrosia cinerea (L.) Pers.



Tephrosia cinerea (L.) Pers.

Synonyms: Tephrosia cinerea (L.) Morong, Tephrosia cinerea L.
Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 382; Lewis, G. P., 1987: 238. 
Ecology: Native herb, vine. Amazonian, Andean I, Coastal: disturbed areas, rocky slopes. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: S&aacute;nchez et al. 3010 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Lambayeque, La Libertad, Piura, Tumbes.


$


 Tephrosia coerulea (L. f.) Pers.


Tephrosia coerulea (L. f.) Pers. = Dalea coerulea (L. f.) Schinz & Thell. var. coerulea 

Reference: Barneby, R. C., 1977: 350. 


$


 Tephrosia glandulifera Benth.


Tephrosia glandulifera Benth. = Coursetia caribaea (Jacq.) Lavin var. caribaea 

Reference: FP 21: 389; Lavin, M., 1988: 116. 


$


 Tephrosia nitens Benth. ex Seemann



Tephrosia nitens Benth. ex Seemann

Reference: Ducke, A., 1949: 163. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: savannas, shrublands. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry & N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 69778 (MO!)
Departments: Madre de Dios.


$


 Tephrosia ochroleuca (Jacq.) Pers.


Tephrosia ochroleuca (Jacq.) Pers. = Coursetia caribaea var. ochroleuca (Jacq.) Lavin

Reference: Lavin, M., 1988: 131. 


$


 Tephrosia sinapou (Buc'hoz) A. Chev.



Tephrosia sinapou (Buc'hoz) A. Chev.

Synonyms: Tephrosia sinapou (Sw.) Kuntze, Tephrosia sinapou (Sw.) Pers., Tephrosia sinapou Buc'hoz, Tephrosia sinapou Sw.
Reference: White, P. S., 1980: 781. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 6555 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tephrosia toxicaria (Sw.) Pers.


Tephrosia toxicaria (Sw.) Pers. = Tephrosia sinapou (Buc'hoz) A. Chev.

Reference: FP 21: 383; White, P. S., 1980: 781. 


$


 Tephrosia vogelii Hook. f.



Tephrosia vogelii Hook. f.

Reference: Wood Jr., C. E., 1949: 376. 
Ecology: Introduced shrub. Andean I-II: disturbed areas. 1000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Smith & Pretel 1494 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Pasco.


$


 Teramnus tenuiflorus (Klein ex Willd.) Sprengel


Teramnus tenuiflorus (Klein ex Willd.) Sprengel = Galactia striata var. tenuiflora (Klein ex Willd.) Burkart

Reference: Burkart, A., 1971: 721. 
Note: NN  


$


 Teramnus uncinatus (L.) Sw.



Teramnus uncinatus (L.) Sw.

Synonyms: Teramnus uncinatus (L.) J.F. Macbr., Teramnus uncinatus L.
Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 350; D'Arcy, W. G., 1980: 784. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas. 0-2000 m. 
Note: Treated in the Flora of Peru as Glycine uncinata. 
Voucher: Klug 3630 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Terminalia amazonia (J.F. Gmel.) Exell



Terminalia amazonia (J.F. Gmel.) Exell

Synonyms: Terminalia amazonia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers., Terminalia amazonia (Ruiz & Pav.) Steud., Terminalia amazonia J.F. Gmel., Terminalia amazonia Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 759: 227; Al-Mayah, A.-R. A., 1983:. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests. 0-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* , Woytkowski 5999 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Terminalia bucidioides Standl. & L.O. Williams



Terminalia bucidioides Standl. & L.O. Williams

$


 Terminalia cacoucia Baill.


Terminalia cacoucia Baill. = Combretum cacoucia Exell

Reference: FP 759: 224; Exell, A. W., 1953: 124. 
Note: NN nom. illeg.  


$


 Terminalia catappa L.



Terminalia catappa L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 759: 226; Al-Mayah, A.-R. A., 1983:. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 5999 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Tumbes.


$


 Terminalia dichotoma G. Mey.



Terminalia dichotoma G. Mey.

Reference: Al-Mayah, A.-R. A., 1983:. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Croat 19616 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Terminalia oblonga (Ruiz & Pav.) Steud.



Terminalia oblonga (Ruiz & Pav.) Steud.

Synonyms: Terminalia oblonga (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers., Terminalia oblonga Ruiz & Pav., Terminalia oblonga von Heurck & M. Arg.
Reference: Flora Peru: 759: 227; Al-Mayah, A.-R. A., 1983:. 
Ecology. 0-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* , Gentry et al. 40106 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Ucayali, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Terminalia obovata (Ruiz & Pav.) Steud.


Terminalia obovata (Ruiz & Pav.) Steud. = Terminalia amazonia (J.F. Gmel.) Exell

Reference: FP 759: 227; Al-Mayah, A.-R. A., 1983:. 


$


 Terminalia tarapotensis von Heurck & M. Arg.


Terminalia tarapotensis von Heurck & M. Arg. = Terminalia oblonga (Ruiz & Pav.) Steud.

Reference: FP 759: 227; Al-Mayah, A.-R. A., 1983:. 


$


 Terminalia valverdae A.H. Gentry



Terminalia valverdae A.H. Gentry

Reference: Gentry, A. H., 1981: 234. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry & D&iacute;az 58220 (MO!)
Departments: Tumbes.


$


 Ternatea amazonum (C. Mart. ex Benth.) Kuntze


Ternatea amazonum (C. Mart. ex Benth.) Kuntze = Clitoria amazonum C. Mart. ex Benth.

Reference: Fantz, P. R., 1977: 247. 


$


 Ternatea arborea (Benth.) Kuntze


Ternatea arborea (Benth.) Kuntze = Clitoria arborea Benth.

Reference: Fantz, P. R., 1977: 201. 


$


 Ternatea javitensis (Kunth) Kuntze


Ternatea javitensis (Kunth) Kuntze = Clitoria javitensis (Kunth) Benth. var. javitensis 

Reference: Fantz, P. R., 1981: 162; Fantz, P. R., 1990: 159. 


$


 Ternatea leptostachya (Benth.) Kuntze


Ternatea leptostachya (Benth.) Kuntze = Clitoria leptostachya Benth.

Reference: Fantz, P. R., 1977: 457. 


$


 Ternatea rubiginosa (Jussieu ex Pers.) Kuntze


Ternatea rubiginosa (Jussieu ex Pers.) Kuntze = Clitoria falcata Lam. var. falcata 

Reference: Fantz, P. R., 1990: 156. 


$


 Ternstroemia brachypoda (Wawra) Kobuski



Ternstroemia brachypoda (Wawra) Kobuski

Synonyms: Ternstroemia brachypoda Wawra
Reference: Flora Peru: 1311: 737; Alderwerelt, van Rosenburgh, C., 1920: 332. 
Ecology: Native shrub. . 
Voucher: Lechler 2613* (B frag. F)
Departments: Puno.


$


 Ternstroemia globiflora Ruiz & Pav.



Ternstroemia globiflora Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Ternstroemia globiflora Choisy, Ternstroemia globiflora Hochreutiner
Reference: Flora Peru: 1311: 737; Alderwerelt, van Rosenburgh, C., 1920: 315. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Weberbauer 7064 (US)
Departments: Ayacucho, La Libertad, Pasco.


$


 Ternstroemia globosa Choisy


Ternstroemia globosa Choisy = Ternstroemia globiflora Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1311: 737. 


$


 Ternstroemia jelskii (Szyszyl.) Melch.



Ternstroemia jelskii (Szyszyl.) Melch.

Synonyms: Ternstroemia jelskii Szyszylowicz
Reference: Flora Peru: 1311: 738; Alderwerelt, van Rosenburgh, C., 1920: 327. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: cloud forests. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Smith et al. 1851 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Pasco, Piura, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Ternstroemia killipiana Kobuski



Ternstroemia killipiana Kobuski

Reference: Kobuski, C., 1942: 341. 
Ecology. 500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Smith & Pretel 8001 (MO!)
Departments: Pasco.


$


 Ternstroemia klugiana Kobuski



Ternstroemia klugiana Kobuski

Reference: Flora Peru: 1311: 739; Kobuski, C., 1942: 334. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 64* (NY), V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 6120 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Ternstroemia minoriflora Hochreutiner


Ternstroemia minoriflora Hochreutiner = Ternstroemia globiflora Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1311: 737. 


$


 Ternstroemia pachytrocha Kobuski



Ternstroemia pachytrocha Kobuski

Reference: Flora Peru: 1311: 739; Kobuski, C., 1942: 320. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Kanehira 44* (G), Foster & Smith 7593 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Pasco.


$


 Ternstroemia pavoniana Moricand


Ternstroemia pavoniana Moricand = Ternstroemia quinquepartita Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1311: 740; Kobuski, C., 1942: 338. 


$


 Ternstroemia pavoniana var. brachypoda Wawra


Ternstroemia pavoniana var. brachypoda Wawra = Ternstroemia brachypoda (Wawra) Kobuski

Reference: FP 1311: 737; Kobuski, C., 1942: 332. 


$


 Ternstroemia penduliflora Kobuski



Ternstroemia penduliflora Kobuski

Reference: Flora Peru: 1311: 740; Kobuski, C., 1942: 311. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 1487* (NY), V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 5261 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Ternstroemia quinquepartita Ruiz & Pav.



Ternstroemia quinquepartita Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Ternstroemia quinquepartita (Moric.) Szyszyl., Ternstroemia quinquepartita Moricand
Reference: Flora Peru: 1311: 740; Kobuski, C., 1942: 338. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


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 Ternstroemia verticillata Klotzsch ex Wawra



Ternstroemia verticillata Klotzsch ex Wawra

Reference: Kobuski, C., 1942: 333. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   
Voucher: Smith 8199 (MO!)
Departments: Pasco.


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 Tessaria absinthioides (Hook. & Arn.) DC.


Tessaria absinthioides (Hook. & Arn.) DC. = Pluchea absinthioides (Hook. & Arn.) H. Rob.

Reference: FP 27926: 58. 


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 Tessaria dentata Ruiz & Pav.


Tessaria dentata Ruiz & Pav. = Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 27926: 65. 


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 Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz & Pav.



Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Tessaria integrifolia Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 27926: 65. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II, Coastal: forests, riversides. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n 30/26* (F), Gentry et al. 23081 (MO, HUT)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Arequipa, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Lambayeque, Lima, La Libertad, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, Piura, San Mart&iacute;n, Tacna, Tumbes, Ucayali.


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 Tessaria zamalloae Cabrera


Tessaria zamalloae Cabrera = Pluchea zamalloae (Cabrera) H. Rob. & Cuatrec.

Reference: FP 27926: 60. 


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 Tessmanniacanthus chlamydocardioides Mildbr.



Tessmanniacanthus chlamydocardioides Mildbr.

Reference: Mildbraed, J., 1926: 987. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests, riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Tessmann 4788* (B), Wasshausen & Encarnaci&oacute;n 904 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto.


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 Tessmannianthus cenepensis Wurdack



Tessmannianthus cenepensis Wurdack

Reference: Wurdack, J. J., 1975: 492. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Kayap 337* (US!), Berlin 784 (AMAZ, MO!)
Departments: Amazonas.


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 Tessmannianthus heterostemon Markgr.



Tessmannianthus heterostemon Markgr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 328. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian: riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Tessmann 4585* (US!), Lewis et al. 18290 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto.


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 Tessmanniophoenix longibracteata Burret


Tessmanniophoenix longibracteata Burret = Chelyocarpus ulei Dammer

Reference: FP 39695: 332; Moore Jr., H. E., 1972: 76. 


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 Tetracera aspera (Aubl.) Willd.



Tetracera aspera (Aubl.) Willd.

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 Tetracera aspera var. boliviana Kuntze


Tetracera aspera var. boliviana Kuntze = Tetracera parviflora (Rusby) Sleumer

Reference: FP 1305: 670; Kubitzki, K., 1970: 51. 


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 Tetracera aspera var. peruviana Kuntze


Tetracera aspera var. peruviana Kuntze = Tetracera parviflora (Rusby) Sleumer

Reference: FP 1305: 670; Kubitzki, K., 1970: 51. 


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 Tetracera costata var.costata



Tetracera costata var. costata 

Reference: Aymard & Miller, 1993 [in press].. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 16971 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Tetracera multiflora A. DC.


Tetracera multiflora A. DC. = Davilla nitida (Vahl) Kubitzki

Reference: FP 1305: 669; Kubitzki, K., 1971: 95. 


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 Tetracera nitida Vahl


Tetracera nitida  Vahl = Davilla nitida (Vahl) Kubitzki

Reference: Kubitzki, K., 1971: 95. 


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 Tetracera parviflora (Rusby) Sleumer



Tetracera parviflora (Rusby) Sleumer

Synonyms: Tetracera parviflora Kuntze, Tetracera parviflora Kuntze, Tetracera parviflora Rusby
Reference: Flora Peru: 1305: 670; Kubitzki, K., 1970: 51. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests, riversides. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 13018 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Tetracera tigarea DC.



Tetracera tigarea DC.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1305: 668. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Tetracera volubilis subsp.volubilis



Tetracera volubilis subsp. volubilis 

Synonyms: Tetracera volubilis volubilis J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Kubitzki, K., 1970: 41. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 6474 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, Ucayali.


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 Tetracera willdenowiana Steud.



Tetracera willdenowiana Steud.

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 Tetracera willdenowiana Steud. subsp.willdenowiana



Tetracera willdenowiana Steud. subsp. willdenowiana 

Reference: Kubitzki, K., 1970: 63. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Revilla 1536 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Ucayali.


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 Tetracera williamsii J.F. Macbr.


Tetracera williamsii J.F. Macbr. = Tetracera volubilis subsp. volubilis 

Reference: FP 1305: 671; Kubitzki, K., 1970: 42. 


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 Tetracoryne angustifolia Turcz.


Tetracoryne angustifolia Turcz. = Ryania angustifolia (Turcz.) Monach.

Reference: Sleumer, H., 1980: 270. 


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 Tetragamestus gracilis Schltr.


Tetragamestus gracilis Schltr. = Scaphyglottis prolifera (R. Br. ex Lindl.) Cogn.

Reference: FP 1473: 544; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


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 Tetragastris altissima (Aubl.) Swart



Tetragastris altissima (Aubl.) Swart

Synonyms: Tetragastris altissima Aubl., Tetragastris altissima Sandwith
Reference: Flora Peru: 659: 713. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


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 Tetragastris panamensis (Engl.) Kuntze



Tetragastris panamensis (Engl.) Kuntze

Synonyms: Tetragastris panamensis Engl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 659: 714. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 42163 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


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 Tetragastris phanerosepala Sandwith


Tetragastris phanerosepala Sandwith = Tetragastris altissima (Aubl.) Swart

Reference: FP 659: 713. 


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 Tetragastris unifoliata (Engl.) Cuatrec.


Tetragastris unifoliata (Engl.) Cuatrec. = Protium unifoliatum Engl.

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 Tetraglochin alatum (Gillies ex Hooker & Arnott) Kuntze



Tetraglochin alatum (Gillies ex Hooker & Arnott) Kuntze

Synonyms: Tetraglochin alatum (Poepp.) J.F. Macbr., Tetraglochin alatum Gillies ex Hooker & Arnott, Tetraglochin alatum Poepp., Tetraglochin alatum Presl
Reference: Flora Peru: 635: 1116; Rothmaler, W., 1939: 431. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   Rothmaler (1939) divides specimens cited between T. cristatum and T. tragacantha. 


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 Tetraglochin cristatum (Britton) Rothmaler



Tetraglochin cristatum (Britton) Rothmaler

Synonyms: Tetraglochin cristatum Britton
Reference: Rothmaler, W., 1939: 433. 
Ecology: Native shrub, subshrub. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, grasslands, rocky slopes. 3000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Metcalf 30682 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Arequipa, Cuzco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Puno, Tacna.


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 Tetraglochin strictum Poepp.


Tetraglochin strictum Poepp. = Tetraglochin alatum (Gillies ex Hooker & Arnott) Kuntze

Reference: Rothmaler, W., 1939: 431. 
Note: NN  


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 Tetraglochin tragacantha Rothmaler



Tetraglochin tragacantha Rothmaler

Reference: Rothmaler, W., 1939: 434. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: grasslands. 3500- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 407* (B), N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 7684 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima.


$


 Tetragonia crystallina L'Her.



Tetragonia crystallina L'Her.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1262: 560. 
Ecology: Native herb. Coastal: lomas, rocky slopes. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 6290 (MOL!)
Departments: Ancash, Arequipa, Lima, La Libertad, Tacna.


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 Tetragonia expansa Murr.



Tetragonia expansa Murr.

Synonyms: Tetragonia expansa (Pall.) Kuntze, Tetragonia expansa Pall.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1262: 560. 
Ecology: Cultivated herb. . 
Voucher: Guenther & Buchtien 317 (F)
Departments: Arequipa.


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 Tetragonia macrocarpa Phil.



Tetragonia macrocarpa Phil.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1262: 560. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I, Coastal: cloud forests, lomas. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 12520 (USM!)
Departments: Arequipa, Tacna.


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 Tetragonia maritima Barneoud



Tetragonia maritima Barneoud

Reference: Flora Peru: 1262: 561. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


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 Tetragonia ovata Philippi



Tetragonia ovata Philippi

Reference: Flora Peru: 1262: 561. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II, Coastal: grasslands, lomas. 500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 7422 (F!)
Departments: Moquegua, Tacna.


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 Tetragonia pedunculata Philipii



Tetragonia pedunculata Philipii

Reference: Flora Peru: 1262: 561. 
Ecology: Native herb. Coastal: lomas, rocky slopes. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ferrerya 6495 (MOL!)
Departments: Arequipa, Moquegua, Tacna.


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 Tetragonia tetragonoides (Pall.) Kuntze


Tetragonia tetragonoides (Pall.) Kuntze = Tetragonia expansa Murr.

Reference: FP 1262: 560. 


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 Tetragonia vestita I.M. Johnst.



Tetragonia vestita I.M. Johnst.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1262: 561. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II, Coastal: lomas, rocky slopes. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 11958 (USM!)
Departments: Arequipa, Ica, Moquegua.


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 Tetrameranthus laomae D.R. Simpson



Tetrameranthus laomae D.R. Simpson

Reference: Simpson, D. R., 1975: 309; Westra, L. Y. Th., 1985: 475. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Soria 64* (F, MOL), D&iacute;az et al. 571 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Pasco.


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 Tetrameranthus pachycarpus Westra



Tetrameranthus pachycarpus Westra

Reference: Westra, L. Y. Th., 1985: 477. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 1216* (NY), V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 4619 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Tetrameranthus umbellatus Westra



Tetrameranthus umbellatus Westra

Reference: Westra, L. Y. Th., 1985: 479. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Tunqui 62* (MO!), Huashikat 613 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco.


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 Tetramerium denudatum T.F. Daniel



Tetramerium denudatum T.F. Daniel

Reference: Daniel, T. F., 1986: 42. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean I: forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: L&oacute;pez & Sag&aacute;stegui 8272* (US!)
Departments: La Libertad.


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 Tetramerium nervosum Nees



Tetramerium nervosum Nees

Reference: Daniel, T. F., 1986: 46. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui et al. 8760 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, La Libertad, Lambayeque, Piura, Tumbes.


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 Tetramerium peruvianum (Lindau) T.F. Daniel



Tetramerium peruvianum (Lindau) T.F. Daniel

Synonyms: Tetramerium peruvianum Lindau
Reference: Daniel, T. F., 1986: 119. 
Ecology: Endemic herb, shrub. Andean I-II: forests, rocky slopes. 500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 4269* (USM!), Plowman et al. 14250 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Piura.


$


 Tetramerium sagasteguianum T.F. Daniel



Tetramerium sagasteguianum T.F. Daniel

Reference: Daniel, T. F., 1986: 110. 
Ecology: Endemic herb, shrub. Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Daniel & Butterwick 4319* (MO!), L&oacute;pez & Sag&aacute;stegui 8007 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, La Libertad, Piura.


$


 Tetramerium sessifolium Kunth


Tetramerium sessifolium Kunth = Faramea sessilifolia (Kunth) DC.

Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1967: 388. 


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 Tetramerium surcubambense T.F. Daniel



Tetramerium surcubambense T.F. Daniel

Reference: Daniel, T. F., 1986: 44. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean I: forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 6483* (F)
Departments: Huancavelica.


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 Tetramerium wasshausenii T.F. Daniel



Tetramerium wasshausenii T.F. Daniel

Reference: Daniel, T. F., 1986: 71. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Andean I, Coastal: disturbed areas, forests. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 8390* (US), Sag&aacute;stegui et al. 8931 (HUT, MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Lambayeque, Piura.


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 Tetramerium zeta T.F. Daniel



Tetramerium zeta T.F. Daniel

Reference: Daniel, T. F., 1986: 66. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Wasshausen & Encarnaci&oacute;n 927* (US!), Edwin & Schunke 3728 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca.


$


 Tetrapterys acapulcensis Kunth



Tetrapterys acapulcensis Kunth

Reference: Flora Peru: 665: 801; Cuatrecasas, J., 1958: 432; W. R. Anderson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$



$


 Tetrapterys benthamiana Griseb.


Tetrapterys benthamiana Griseb. = Mascagnia benthamiana (Griseb.) W.R. Anderson

Reference: Anderson, W. R., 1981: 217. 


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 Tetrapterys boliviensis Nied.



Tetrapterys boliviensis Nied.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1958: 420. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: forests, riversides, seasonally inundated areas, terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Probably not distinct from T. styloptera (W. R. Anderson, pers. comm.). 
Voucher: Robertson & Austin 92 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Tetrapterys calophylla A. Juss.



Tetrapterys calophylla A. Juss.

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 Tetrapterys calophylla subsp.glabrifolia (Griseb.) Cuatrec.



Tetrapterys calophylla subsp. glabrifolia (Griseb.) Cuatrec.

Synonyms: Tetrapterys calophylla glabrifolia (Griseb.) Small, Tetrapterys calophylla var. glabrifolia Bentham ex Niedenzu, Tetrapterys calophylla var. glabrifolia Griseb.
Reference: Flora Peru: 665: 805; Cuatrecasas, J., 1958: 430. 
Ecology: Native liana. Andean I: forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Note: This taxon is treated as a synonym of T. magnifolia in the Flora of Peru. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 5705 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


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 Tetrapterys calophylla var. glabrifolia Griseb.


Tetrapterys calophylla var. glabrifolia Griseb. = Tetrapterys calophylla subsp. glabrifolia (Griseb.) Cuatrec.

Reference: FP 665: 804; Cuatrecasas, J., 1958: 430. 


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 Tetrapterys calophylla var. glabrior Bentham ex Niedenzu


Tetrapterys calophylla var. glabrior Bentham ex Niedenzu = Tetrapterys calophylla subsp. glabrifolia (Griseb.) Cuatrec.

Reference: FP 665: 805; Cuatrecasas, J., 1958: 430. 


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 Tetrapterys complicata Miq.



Tetrapterys complicata Miq.

Reference: Flora Peru: 665: 802; W. R. Anderson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Tetrapterys crebriflora A. Juss.


Tetrapterys crebriflora A. Juss. = Tetrapterys mucronata Cav.

Reference: FP 665: 807; W. R. Anderson, pers. comm.. 


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 Tetrapterys crebriflora var. dubia Griseb.


Tetrapterys crebriflora var. dubia Griseb. = Tetrapterys mucronata Cav.

Reference: FP 665: 807; W. R. Anderson, pers. comm.. 


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 Tetrapterys crispa A. Juss.



Tetrapterys crispa A. Juss.

Synonyms: Tetrapterys crispa J.F. Macbr., Tetrapterys crispa Morton ex J. F. Macbride
Reference: Flora Peru: 665: 801; Cuatrecasas, J., 1958: 441; W. R. Anderson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native liana, shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: riversides, seasonally inundated areas, terra firme forests. 0-1500 m. 
Note: Treated as a synonym of T. acapulcensis in the Flora of Peru. 
Voucher: Schunke 7437 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Tetrapterys crispa var. punicans J.F. Macbr.


Tetrapterys crispa var. punicans J.F. Macbr. = Tetrapterys crispa A. Juss.

Reference: FP 665: 801; W. R. Anderson, pers. comm.. 


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 Tetrapterys crotonifolia A. Juss.



Tetrapterys crotonifolia A. Juss.

Synonyms: Tetrapterys crotonifolia (A. Juss.) Nied.
Reference: Flora Peru: 665: 808; W. R. Anderson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Endemic liana, vine. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Listed as a synonym of T. phlomoides in the Flora of Peru. 
Voucher: Mathews 1461* (K)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Tetrapterys crotonifolia Bentha, hom. illeg.


Tetrapterys crotonifolia Bentha, hom. illeg. = Tetrapterys jamesonii Turcz.

Reference: W. R. Anderson, pers. comm.. 


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 Tetrapterys discolor (G. Meyer) DC.



Tetrapterys discolor (G. Meyer) DC.

Synonyms: Tetrapterys discolor G. Meyer, Tetrapterys discolor Nied.
Reference: Flora Peru: 665: 803; Cuatrecasas, J., 1958: 439. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, riversides, seasonally inundated areas, terra firme forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Mexia 6401 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Tetrapterys discolor var. andina Nied.


Tetrapterys discolor var. andina Nied. = Tetrapterys discolor (G. Meyer) DC.

Reference: FP 665: 808; W. R. Anderson, pers. comm.. 


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 Tetrapterys fimbripetala A. Juss.



Tetrapterys fimbripetala A. Juss.

Reference: Anderson, W. R., 1981: 262. 
Ecology: Native liana, vine. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Walln&ouml;fer 11-29688 (MICH)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Tetrapterys glabrifolia (Griseb.) Small


Tetrapterys glabrifolia (Griseb.) Small = Tetrapterys calophylla subsp. glabrifolia (Griseb.) Cuatrec.

Reference: FP 665: 804; Cuatrecasas, J., 1958: 430. 


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 Tetrapterys guilleminiana A. Juss.



Tetrapterys guilleminiana A. Juss.

Reference: Flora Peru: 665: 804; W. R. Anderson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Tetrapterys includens Benth.


Tetrapterys includens Benth. = Mezia includens (Benth.) Cuatrec.

Reference: FP 665: 811; Cuatrecasas, J., 1958: 450; Anderson, W. R., 1981: 233. 


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 Tetrapterys jamesonii Turcz.



Tetrapterys jamesonii Turcz.

Synonyms: Tetrapterys jamesonii Bentha, hom. illeg.
Reference: Flora Peru: 665: 804; Cuatrecasas, J., 1958: 438; W. R. Anderson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native liana. Andean I-II: forests, disturbed areas, shrublands. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: L&oacute;pez et al. 9019 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca.


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 Tetrapterys jamesonii var. mortonii J.F. Macbr.


Tetrapterys jamesonii var. mortonii J.F. Macbr. = Tetrapterys mortonii (J.F. Macbr.) Cuatrec.

Reference: FP 665: 805; Cuatrecasas, J., 1962: 55. 


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 Tetrapterys julianii J.F. Macbr.


Tetrapterys julianii J.F. Macbr. = Dicella julianii (J.F. Macbr.) W.R. Anderson

Reference: FP 665: 805; Chase, M. W., 1981: 168. 


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 Tetrapterys magnifolia Ruiz ex Griseb.



Tetrapterys magnifolia Ruiz ex Griseb.

Reference: Flora Peru: 665: 805; Cuatrecasas, J., 1958: 442. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests, riversides. 0-1500 m. 
Note: Names treated as synonyms in the Flora of Peru are considered as T. calophylla. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (B photo F!), V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 7218 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tetrapterys mortonii (J.F. Macbr.) Cuatrec.



Tetrapterys mortonii (J.F. Macbr.) Cuatrec.

Synonyms: Tetrapterys mortonii J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1962: 55. 
Ecology: Endemic liana. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Williams 7387* (US), Woytkowski 5636 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tetrapterys mucronata Cav.



Tetrapterys mucronata Cav.

Synonyms: Tetrapterys mucronata (A. Juss.) J.F. Macbr., Tetrapterys mucronata A. Juss., Tetrapterys mucronata Griseb.
Reference: Flora Peru: 665: 806; Cuatrecasas, J., 1958: 426; W. R. Anderson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, seasonally inundated areas, terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 7645 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Tetrapterys mucronata var. crebriflora (A. Juss.) J.F. Macbr.


Tetrapterys mucronata var. crebriflora (A. Juss.) J.F. Macbr. = Tetrapterys mucronata Cav.

Reference: FP 665: 807; Cuatrecasas, J., 1958: 427; W. R. Anderson, pers. comm.. 


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 Tetrapterys multiglandulosa A. Juss.



Tetrapterys multiglandulosa A. Juss.

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 Tetrapterys multiglandulosa var.peruviana Nied.



Tetrapterys multiglandulosa var. peruviana Nied.

Reference: Flora Peru: 665: 808. 
Ecology: Endemic liana. Andean I: forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 1125* (B photo F), Woytkowski 7333 (MO!)
Departments: Pasco, Puno.


$


 Tetrapterys ovalifolia Griseb.



Tetrapterys ovalifolia Griseb.

Reference: Flora Peru: 665: 803; Cuatrecasas, J., 1958: 440. 
Note: The Peruvian specimens cited by Niedenzu (1928: 204) have not been redetermined and the identity of the species and its presence in Peru are open to doubt (W. R. Anderson, pers. comm.). 
Voucher: Tessmann 4268 (B)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Tetrapterys pallida Cuatrec.



Tetrapterys pallida Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1958: 443. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: riversides, terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Encarnaci&oacute;n 988 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Tetrapterys peruviana Morton ex J. F. Macbride


Tetrapterys peruviana Morton ex J. F. Macbride = Tetrapterys crispa A. Juss.

Reference: FP 665: 808; W. R. Anderson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Tetrapterys phlomoides (Sprengel) Nied.



Tetrapterys phlomoides (Sprengel) Nied.

Synonyms: Tetrapterys phlomoides (Sprengel) G. Don, Tetrapterys phlomoides A. Juss., Tetrapterys phlomoides Sprengel, Tetrapterys phlomoides Vell.
Reference: Flora Peru: 665: 808; W. R. Anderson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Tetrapterys phlomoides var. crotonifolia (A. Juss.) Nied.


Tetrapterys phlomoides var. crotonifolia (A. Juss.) Nied. = Tetrapterys crotonifolia A. Juss.

Reference: FP 665: 809; W. R. Anderson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Tetrapterys poeppigiana (A. Juss.) Griseb.


Tetrapterys poeppigiana (A. Juss.) Griseb. = Mascagnia poeppigiana (A. Juss.) W.R. Anderson

Reference: FP 665: 809; Anderson, W. R., 1981: 219. 


$


 Tetrapterys rotundifolia A. Juss.


Tetrapterys rotundifolia A. Juss. = Tetrapterys phlomoides (Sprengel) Nied.

Reference: FP 665: 808. 
Note: NN  


$


 Tetrapterys squarrosa (Griseb.) Griseb.


Tetrapterys squarrosa (Griseb.) Griseb. = Tetrapterys styloptera A. Juss.

Reference: FP 665: 802; Anderson, W. R., 1981: 256. 


$


 Tetrapterys stipulacea J.F. Macbr.



Tetrapterys stipulacea J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 665: 810. 
Ecology: Endemic liana. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Klug 2789* (F)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Tetrapterys styloptera A. Juss.



Tetrapterys styloptera A. Juss.

Synonyms: Tetrapterys styloptera (Griseb.) Griseb., Tetrapterys styloptera Griseb.
Reference: Flora Peru: 665: 810; Anderson, W. R., 1981: 256. 
Ecology: Native liana, vine. Amazonian, Andean I: riversides, seasonally inundated areas, terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Mathews 1464* (P), Revilla 366 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tetrasida chachapoyensis (Baker) Fryxell & Fuertes



Tetrasida chachapoyensis (Baker) Fryxell & Fuertes

Synonyms: Tetrasida chachapoyensis (Baker f.) Krapovickas, Tetrasida chachapoyensis Baker, Tetrasida chachapoyensis Ulbrich
Reference: 38729; 444. 
Ecology. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Mathews 3049* (K!), Ferreyra 13703 (USM!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca.


$


 Tetrasida polyantha Ulbrich


Tetrasida polyantha Ulbrich = Tetrasida chachapoyensis (Baker) Fryxell & Fuertes

Reference: FP 1302: 592; Krapovickas, A., 1969: 34; Fryxell, P. A. & J. Fuertes, 1992: 444. 


$


 Tetrasida serrulata Fryxell & Fuertes



Tetrasida serrulata Fryxell & Fuertes

Reference: Fryxell, P. A. & J. Fuertes, 1992: 444. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Smith 6165* (MO, USM), L&oacute;pez & Sag&aacute;stegui 8278 (HUT, NY)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, La Libertad, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tetrastemon loranthoides Hook. & Arn.


Tetrastemon loranthoides Hook. & Arn. = Myrrhinium atropurpureum var. octandrum Benth.

Reference: FP 760: 815; Landrum, L. R., 1986: 146. 


$


 Tetrastichella inaequalis (DC. ex Splitgerber) Pichon


Tetrastichella inaequalis (DC. ex Splitgerber) Pichon = Arrabidaea inaequalis (DC. ex Splitgerber) Schumann

Reference: FP 1362: 21; Gentry, A. H., 1982: 100. 


$


 Tetrastylidium engleri Schwacke



Tetrastylidium engleri Schwacke

Reference: Flora Peru: 2169: 1131; Sleumer, H. , 1984: 105. 
Note: Specimens cited in the Flora of Peru redetermined by Sleumer (1984) as T. peruviana. 


$


 Tetrastylidium peruvianum Sleumer



Tetrastylidium peruvianum Sleumer

Reference: Sleumer, H. , 1984: 105. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests on white sand. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Croat 18450* (MO!), Revilla 1181 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Tetrathylacium macrophyllum Poepp.



Tetrathylacium macrophyllum Poepp.

Synonyms: Tetrathylacium macrophyllum (Seem.) Standl., Tetrathylacium macrophyllum (Seem.) Triana & Planch., Tetrathylacium macrophyllum Seem.
Reference: Flora Peru: 732: 37; Sleumer, H., 1980: 221. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 2097* (W), Woytkowski 7634 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Tetrathylacium macrophyllum var. pacificum (Seem.) Triana & Planch.


Tetrathylacium macrophyllum var. pacificum (Seem.) Triana & Planch. = Tetrathylacium macrophyllum Poepp.

Reference: Sleumer, H., 1980: 221. 


$


 Tetrathylacium pacificum (Seem.) Standl.


Tetrathylacium pacificum (Seem.) Standl. = Tetrathylacium macrophyllum Poepp.

Reference: Sleumer, H., 1980: 221. 


$


 Tetratome latifolia Poepp. & Endl.


Tetratome latifolia Poepp. & Endl. = Mollinedia latifolia (Poepp. & Endl.) Tul.

Reference: FP 608: 788. 


$


 Tetratome racemosa Schltdl.


Tetratome racemosa Schltdl. = Mollinedia racemosa (Schltdl.) Tul.

Reference: FP 608: 789. 


$


 Tetratome triflora Poepp. & Endl.


Tetratome triflora Poepp. & Endl. = Mollinedia racemosa (Schltdl.) Tul.

Reference: FP 608: 789. 


$


 Tetrorchidium macrophyllum M&uuml;ll. Arg.



Tetrorchidium macrophyllum M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Reference: Flora Peru: 674: 178. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 2034* , Schunke 3478 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tetrorchidium rubrivenium Poepp.



Tetrorchidium rubrivenium Poepp.

Reference: Flora Peru: 674: 178. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 6142 (LA at MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Teucrium vesicarium Mill.



Teucrium vesicarium Mill.

Reference: Epling, C., 1935: 3. 
Ecology: Native herb. Coastal: disturbed areas, riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Hudson 960 (MO!)
Departments: Lambayeque.


$


 Thalia geniculata L.



Thalia geniculata L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1205: 767; Kennedy, H., L. Andersson & M. Hagberg, 1988: 185. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Thalia hexantha Poepp. & Endl.


Thalia hexantha Poepp. & Endl. = Hylaeanthe hexantha (Poepp. & Endl.) Jonker & A.M.E. Jonker

Reference: FP 1205: 764; Kennedy, H., L. Andersson & M. Hagberg, 1988: 171. 


$


 Thalia unilateralis Poepp. & Endl.


Thalia unilateralis Poepp. & Endl. = Hylaeanthe unilateralis (Poepp. & Endl.) Jonker & A.M.E. Jonker

Reference: FP 1205: 765; Kennedy, H., L. Andersson & M. Hagberg, 1988: 173. 


$


 Thalictrum decipiens Boivin



Thalictrum decipiens Boivin

Synonyms: Thalictrum decipiens Boivin
Reference: Lourteig, A., 1956: 192. 
Ecology. 1500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Herrera 1047a* (US), Soukup 3669 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Lima.


$


 Thalictrum lasiostylum C. Presl


Thalictrum lasiostylum C. Presl = Thalictrum longistylum DC.

Reference: Lourteig, pers. comm.. 


$


 Thalictrum longistylum DC.



Thalictrum longistylum DC.

Synonyms: Thalictrum longistylum C. Presl, Thalictrum longistylum DC.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1272: 642; Lourteig, A., 1956: 191. 
Ecology. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Dombey s.n.* (P), Vargas 8861 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Cuzco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Lima.


$


 Thalictrum macbrideanum Boivin


Thalictrum macbrideanum Boivin = Thalictrum decipiens Boivin

Reference: Lourteig, A., 1956: 192. 


$


 Thalictrum podocarpum Kunth



Thalictrum podocarpum Kunth

Reference: Flora Peru: 1272: 643; Lourteig, A., 1956: 195. 
Ecology. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 34102 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Pasco, Puno.


$


 Thalictrum rutidocarpum DC.


Thalictrum rutidocarpum DC. = Thalictrum longistylum DC.

Reference: FP 1272: 643; Lourteig, A., 1956: 191. 


$


 Thalictrum vesiculosum Lecoyer



Thalictrum vesiculosum Lecoyer

Reference: Flora Peru: 1272: 643. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Voucher: Mathews s.n. 
Departments: Amazonas, Puno.


$


 Thecophyllum squarrosum Mez & Sodiro


Thecophyllum squarrosum Mez & Sodiro = Guzmania squarrosa (Mez & Sodiro) L.B. Sm. & Pittendr.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1344. 


$


 Thelypodium macrorrhizum Muschl.


Thelypodium macrorrhizum Muschl. = Sisymbrium gracile Wedd.

Reference: FP 614: 978. 


$


 Themistoclesia buxifolia (Field. & Gardner) Klotzsch


Themistoclesia buxifolia (Field. & Gardner) Klotzsch = Demosthenesia buxifolia (Field & Gardner) A.C. Sm.

Reference: FP 1325: 88. 


$


 Themistoclesia caudata Sleumer


Themistoclesia caudata Sleumer = Diogenesia caudatum (Sleumer) Sleumer

Reference: FP 1325: 67; Sleumer, H. , 1978: 257. 


$


 Themistoclesia cutucuensis A.C. Sm.



Themistoclesia cutucuensis A.C. Sm.

Reference: Luteyn, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native shrub. . 
Note: Not reconfirmed. Epiphytic shrub.  


$


 Themistoclesia mucronata (Benth.) Sleumer



Themistoclesia mucronata (Benth.) Sleumer

Synonyms: Themistoclesia mucronata A.C. Sm., Themistoclesia mucronata Benth., Themistoclesia mucronata Sleumer
Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 66. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Themistoclesia peruviana A.C. Sm.



Themistoclesia peruviana A.C. Sm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 66. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: grasslands. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 4964* (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Themistoclesia pittierii Sleumer


Themistoclesia pittierii Sleumer = Themistoclesia mucronata (Benth.) Sleumer

Reference: FP 1325: 66. 
Note: NN  


$


 Theobroma bicolor Humb. & Bonpl.



Theobroma bicolor Humb. & Bonpl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1304: 652; Cuatrecasas, J., 1964: 458. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests, riversides. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Croat 19065 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto.


$


 Theobroma cacao fo.leiocarpum (Bernouilli) Ducke



Theobroma cacao fo. leiocarpum (Bernouilli) Ducke

Synonyms: Theobroma cacao leiocarpum Bernoulli, Theobroma cacao subsp. leiocarpum (Bernoulli) Cuatrec.
Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1964: 514. 
Ecology: Cultivated tree, treelet. . 
Note: No Peruvian material cited by Cuatrecasas (1964).  


$


 Theobroma cacao L.



Theobroma cacao L.

$


 Theobroma cacao subsp. leiocarpum (Bernoulli) Cuatrec.


Theobroma cacao subsp. leiocarpum (Bernoulli) Cuatrec. = Theobroma cacao fo. leiocarpum (Bernouilli) Ducke

Reference: FP 1304: 654; Cuatrecasas, J., 1964: 515. 


$


 Theobroma cacao subsp.sphaerocarpum (A. Chev.) Cuatrec.



Theobroma cacao subsp. sphaerocarpum (A. Chev.) Cuatrec.

Synonyms: Theobroma cacao sphaerocarpum A. Chev.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1304: 653; Cuatrecasas, J., 1964: 515. 
Ecology: Cultivated tree, treelet. Amazonian, Andean I, Coastal: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Huber MG1392 (MG)
Departments: Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Piura, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Theobroma calodesmis Diels


Theobroma calodesmis Diels = Theobroma glaucum H. Karst.

Reference: FP 1304: 655; Cuatrecasas, J., 1964: 486. 


$


 Theobroma ferruginea Bern.


Theobroma ferruginea Bern. = Theobroma subincanum Mart.

Reference: FP 1304: 659; Cuatrecasas, J., 1964: 563. 


$


 Theobroma glaucum H. Karst.



Theobroma glaucum H. Karst.

Synonyms: Theobroma glaucum Diels
Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1964: 486. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: van der Werff 10258 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng.) Schum.



Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng.) Schum.

Synonyms: Theobroma grandiflorum Bernouilli, Theobroma grandiflorum Willd. ex Spreng.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1304: 656; Cuatrecasas, J., 1964: 552. 
Ecology: Cultivated tree. Amazonian: disturbed areas, terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ayala 495 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Theobroma leiocarpa Bernoulli


Theobroma leiocarpa Bernoulli = Theobroma cacao fo. leiocarpum (Bernouilli) Ducke

Reference: FP 1304: 654; Cuatrecasas, J., 1964: 514. 


$


 Theobroma macrantha Bernouilli


Theobroma macrantha Bernouilli = Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng.) Schum.

Reference: FP 1304: 656; Cuatrecasas, J., 1964: 552. 


$


 Theobroma mariae (C. Martius) Schumann


Theobroma mariae (C. Martius) Schumann = Herrania mariae (Mart.) Decne. ex Goudot

Reference: FP 1304: 647; Schultes, R. E., 1958: 253. 


$


 Theobroma nitidum (Poeppig) Schumann


Theobroma nitidum (Poeppig) Schumann = Herrania nitida fo. nitida 

Reference: FP 1304: 648; Schultes, R. E., 1958: 257. 


$


 Theobroma obovatum Klotzsch ex Bernoulli



Theobroma obovatum Klotzsch ex Bernoulli

Reference: Flora Peru: 1304: 775; Cuatrecasas, J., 1964: 559. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: disturbed areas, riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 2352 p.p.* (W), V&aacute;squez 9760 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Ucayali.


$


 Theobroma quinquenervia Bernoulli


Theobroma quinquenervia Bernoulli = Theobroma speciosum Willd. ex Spreng.

Reference: FP 1304: 658; Cuatrecasas, J., 1964: 476. 


$


 Theobroma sagittata Pav&oacute;n ex Chevalier


Theobroma sagittata Pav&oacute;n ex Chevalier = Herrania nitida fo. nitida 

Reference: FP 1304: 655. 


$


 Theobroma sinuosum Pavon ex Huber



Theobroma sinuosum Pavon ex Huber

Synonyms: Theobroma sinuosum Mildbr.
Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1964: 575. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (G), D&iacute;az 478 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Theobroma speciosum var. coriaceum Huber


Theobroma speciosum var. coriaceum Huber = Theobroma speciosum Willd. ex Spreng.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1964: 476. 


$


 Theobroma speciosum var. quinquenervium Schumann


Theobroma speciosum var. quinquenervium Schumann = Theobroma speciosum Willd. ex Spreng.

Reference: FP 1304: 658. 


$


 Theobroma speciosum Willd. ex Spreng.



Theobroma speciosum Willd. ex Spreng.

Synonyms: Theobroma speciosum Bernoulli, Theobroma speciosum Huber, Theobroma speciosum Schumann
Reference: Flora Peru: 1304: 658; Cuatrecasas, J., 1964: 476. 
Ecology: Cultivated tree. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests, swamps. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry 26917 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, Ucayali.


$


 Theobroma sphaerocarpa A. Chev.


Theobroma sphaerocarpa A. Chev. = Theobroma cacao subsp. sphaerocarpum (A. Chev.) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1964: 515. 


$


 Theobroma subincanum Mart.



Theobroma subincanum Mart.

Synonyms: Theobroma subincanum Aubl., Theobroma subincanum Bern.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1304: 659; Cuatrecasas, J., 1964: 563. 
Ecology: Cultivated tree. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests, riversides. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Stein 2411 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Theobroma tessmannii Mildbr.


Theobroma tessmannii Mildbr. = Theobroma sinuosum Pavon ex Huber

Reference: FP 1304: 659; Cuatrecasas, J., 1964: 575. 


$


 Theophrasta pungens Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.


Theophrasta pungens Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. = Clavija pungens (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Decne.

Reference: FP 1334: 160; Stahl, B., 1991: 48. 
Note: NN  


$


 Theophrasta ruiziana Kuntze


Theophrasta ruiziana Kuntze = Clavija longifolia Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1334: 158; Stahl, B., 1991: 40. 


$


 Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl



Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl

Synonyms: Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) Raf., Thevetia peruviana L., Thevetia peruviana Pers.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1343: 390. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 2445 (MO!)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Lima, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Thibaudia acuminata Dunal


Thibaudia acuminata Dunal = Cavendishia bracteata (Ruiz & Pav. ex J. St.-Hil.) Hoerold

Reference: FP 1325: 112. 


$


 Thibaudia acuminata Hook.


Thibaudia acuminata Hook. = Cavendishia bracteata (Ruiz & Pav. ex J. St.-Hil.) Hoerold

Reference: FP 1325: 113; Luteyn, J. L., 1983: 140. 


$


 Thibaudia alata Dunal in DC.


Thibaudia alata Dunal in DC. = Thibaudia caulialata Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1325: 115; Luteyn, J. L., 1983: 269. 
Note: NN  


$


 Thibaudia angustifolia Hooker



Thibaudia angustifolia Hooker

Synonyms: Thibaudia angustifolia (Hooker) Klotzsch, Thibaudia angustifolia Hoerold
Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 102. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: grasslands. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Mathews 1443* (K), Wurdack 1369 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca.


$


 Thibaudia apophysata Hoerold



Thibaudia apophysata Hoerold

Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 103. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 2071* (MOL!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Thibaudia bicolor Ruiz & Pav. ex Dunal


Thibaudia bicolor Ruiz & Pav. ex Dunal = Psammisia coarctata (Ruiz & Pavon) A.C. Sm.

Reference: FP 1325: 95. 


$


 Thibaudia biflora (Poepp. & Endl.) Hoerold



Thibaudia biflora (Poepp. & Endl.) Hoerold

Synonyms: Thibaudia biflora (Poepp. & Endl.) Benth. & Hook. f., Thibaudia biflora Poepp. & Endl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 103. 
Ecology: Native shrub. . 
Voucher: Poeppig 1350* 
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Thibaudia boliviensis (Kuntze) Hoerold


Thibaudia boliviensis (Kuntze) Hoerold = Thibaudia crenulata Remy

Reference: FP 1325: 104. 


$


 Thibaudia bracteata Ruiz & Pav. ex J. St.-Hil.


Thibaudia bracteata Ruiz & Pav. ex J. St.-Hil. = Cavendishia bracteata (Ruiz & Pav. ex J. St.-Hil.) Hoerold

Reference: FP 1325: 114; Luteyn, J. L., 1983: 137. 


$


 Thibaudia cardiophylla Sleumer



Thibaudia cardiophylla Sleumer

Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 104. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 3588* (B destroyed)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Thibaudia caulialata Ruiz & Pav.



Thibaudia caulialata Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Thibaudia caulialata (Dunal) Hoerold, Thibaudia caulialata (Dunal) Klotzsch, Thibaudia caulialata (Ruiz & Pav.) A.C. Sm., Thibaudia caulialata Dunal in DC.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 115; Luteyn, J. L., 1983: 269. 
Note: Listed as a doubtful species by Luteyn (1989). 


$


 Thibaudia coarctata Ruiz & Pav.


Thibaudia coarctata Ruiz & Pav. = Psammisia coarctata (Ruiz & Pavon) A.C. Sm.

Reference: FP 1325: 95. 


$


 Thibaudia crenulata Remy



Thibaudia crenulata Remy

Synonyms: Thibaudia crenulata (Kuntze) Hoerold, Thibaudia crenulata Kuntze, Thibaudia crenulata Sleumer
Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 104. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean I-II: cloud forests. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 11111 
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Thibaudia croatii Luteyn



Thibaudia croatii Luteyn

Reference: Luteyn, J. L., 1977: 180. 
Ecology: Endemic hemiepiphyte. Andean II: forests, rocky slopes. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Croat 21089* (NY), Schunke 9391 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Thibaudia cupatensis Huber



Thibaudia cupatensis Huber

Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 105. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Thibaudia diphylla Dunal in DC.



Thibaudia diphylla Dunal in DC.

Synonyms: Thibaudia diphylla (Hooker f.) Hoerold, Thibaudia diphylla (Lindl.) Sleumer, Thibaudia diphylla Hoerold, Thibaudia diphylla Hook. f., Thibaudia diphylla Lindl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 105. 
Ecology. 2000-3000 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 2436 
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Thibaudia dudleyi Luteyn



Thibaudia dudleyi Luteyn

$


 Thibaudia dudleyi var.dudleyi



Thibaudia dudleyi var. dudleyi 

Reference: Luteyn, J. L., 1978: 428. 
Ecology: Endemic subshrub. Andean II: cloud forests. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Dudley 10750* (NA, USM)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Thibaudia dudleyi var.pseudostellata Luteyn



Thibaudia dudleyi var. pseudostellata Luteyn

Reference: Luteyn, J. L., 1978: 430. 
Ecology: Endemic subshrub. Andean II: cloud forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Madison 10364-70* (F), Dudley 12065 (NA, USM)
Departments: Ayacucho.


$


 Thibaudia elliptica Ruiz & Pav.


Thibaudia elliptica Ruiz & Pav. = Siphonandra elliptica (Ruiz & Pavon) Klotzsch

Reference: FP 1325: 83. 


$


 Thibaudia engleriana Hoerold



Thibaudia engleriana Hoerold

Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 106. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: shrublands. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 2055* , Stein et al. 3825 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Thibaudia floribunda Kunth



Thibaudia floribunda Kunth

$


 Thibaudia floribunda var.floribunda



Thibaudia floribunda var. floribunda 

Synonyms: Thibaudia floribunda floribunda Benth., Thibaudia floribunda var. floribunda (Benth.) J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 106; Luteyn, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean II: elfin forests. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Smith 7769 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Thibaudia floribunda var.pichinchensis (Benth.) J.F. Macbr.



Thibaudia floribunda var. pichinchensis (Benth.) J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 107; Luteyn, pers. comm.. 


$


 Thibaudia graebneriana Hoerold


Thibaudia graebneriana Hoerold = Thibaudia diphylla Dunal in DC.

Reference: FP 1325: 105. 


$


 Thibaudia harmsiana Hoerold



Thibaudia harmsiana Hoerold

Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 107. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 3542* 
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Thibaudia herrerae A.C. Sm.



Thibaudia herrerae A.C. Sm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 107. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Herrera 1384* (US)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Thibaudia laxa A.C. Sm.


Thibaudia laxa A.C. Sm. = Diogenesia laxa (A.C. Smith) Sleumer

Reference: FP 1325: 67; Sleumer, H. , 1978: 256. 


$


 Thibaudia leucostoma (Lindl.) Sleumer


Thibaudia leucostoma (Lindl.) Sleumer = Thibaudia diphylla Dunal in DC.

Reference: FP 1325: 105. 


$


 Thibaudia martii Meisn.


Thibaudia martii Meisn. = Cavendishia martii (Meisn.) A.C. Sm.

Reference: FP 1325: 116; Luteyn, J. L., 1983: 80. 


$


 Thibaudia mellifera Ruiz & Pavon ex St. Hil.



Thibaudia mellifera Ruiz & Pavon ex St. Hil.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 108. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: shrublands. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Maas et al. 6112 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Puno.


$


 Thibaudia melliflora Ruiz & Pav.



Thibaudia melliflora Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Thibaudia melliflora Klotzsch
Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 108; Luteyn, pers. comm.. 
Note: nom. nud.  


$


 Thibaudia microphylla Lindl.


Thibaudia microphylla Lindl. = Demosthenesia buxifolia (Field & Gardner) A.C. Sm.

Reference: FP 1325: 88. 


$


 Thibaudia moricandii Dunal



Thibaudia moricandii Dunal

$


 Thibaudia moricandii var.moricandii



Thibaudia moricandii var. moricandii 

Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 108. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. . 
Voucher: Mathews 3041 p.p.* (K)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Thibaudia moricandii var.phyllireaefolia (Dunal) J.F. Macbr.



Thibaudia moricandii var. phyllireaefolia (Dunal) J.F. Macbr.

Synonyms: Thibaudia moricandii phyllireaefolia (Dunal) Benth. & Hook. f., Thibaudia moricandii phyllireaefolia Dunal
Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 109. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Mathews 3041 p.p.* (K)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Thibaudia neo-herrerae Sleumer


Thibaudia neo-herrerae Sleumer = Thibaudia crenulata Remy

Reference: FP 1325: 104. 


$


 Thibaudia nitida Kunth


Thibaudia nitida Kunth = Cavendishia nitida (H.B.K.) A.C. Sm.

Reference: FP 1325: 99. 
Note: NN  


$


 Thibaudia obovata (Wight) A.C. Sm.



Thibaudia obovata (Wight) A.C. Sm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 109. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 7154* (B, destroyed, photo F)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Thibaudia octandra (Sleumer) J.F. Macbr.


Thibaudia octandra (Sleumer) J.F. Macbr. = Diogenesia octandra Sleumer

Reference: FP 1325: 68; Sleumer, H. , 1978: 256. 


$


 Thibaudia ovalifolia Mathews ex A.C. Smith



Thibaudia ovalifolia Mathews ex A.C. Smith

Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 109; Smith, A. C., 1932: 434. 
Ecology: Native shrub. . 
Voucher: Mathews 883* (K), Maclean s.n. (K)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Thibaudia ovata (Hooker f.) Hoerold


Thibaudia ovata (Hooker f.) Hoerold = Thibaudia diphylla Dunal in DC.

Reference: FP 1325: 105. 


$


 Thibaudia panurensis Benth. ex Meiissn.


Thibaudia panurensis Benth. ex Meiissn. = Satyria panurensis (Benth. ex Meiissn.) Benth. & Hook. f.

Reference: FP 1325: 123. 


$


 Thibaudia phyllireaefolia Dunal


Thibaudia phyllireaefolia Dunal = Thibaudia moricandii var. phyllireaefolia (Dunal) J.F. Macbr.

Reference: FP 1325: 108. 


$


 Thibaudia pichinchensis Benth.


Thibaudia pichinchensis Benth. = Thibaudia floribunda var. floribunda 

Reference: FP 1325: 106; Luteyn, pres. comm.. 


$


 Thibaudia pubescens Kunth


Thibaudia pubescens Kunth = Cavendishia pubescens var. pubescens 

Reference: FP 1325: 117; Luteyn, J. L., 1983: 179. 


$


 Thibaudia punctata Ruiz & Pavon ex St. Hil.


Thibaudia punctata Ruiz & Pavon ex St. Hil. = Cavendishia punctata (Ruiz & Pavon ex St. Hil.) Sleumer

Reference: FP 1325: 117; Luteyn, J. L., 1983: 84. 


$


 Thibaudia punctatifolia Ruiz & Pav. ex G. Don


Thibaudia punctatifolia Ruiz & Pav. ex G. Don = Cavendishia punctata (Ruiz & Pavon ex St. Hil.) Sleumer

Reference: FP 1325: 117; Luteyn, J. L., 1983: 84. 


$


 Thibaudia racemosa (Hooker) Hoerold


Thibaudia racemosa (Hooker) Hoerold = Anthopterus racemosus Hooker

Reference: FP 1325: 91. 


$


 Thibaudia rauhii A.C. Sm.



Thibaudia rauhii A.C. Sm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 109. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Rauh & Hirsch 1329* (US)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Thibaudia regularis A.C. Sm.



Thibaudia regularis A.C. Sm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 110. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Herrera 2004* (F), Metcalf 30544 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Puno.


$


 Thibaudia rupestris Kunth


Thibaudia rupestris Kunth = Macleania rupestris (Kunth) A.C. Sm.

Reference: FP 1325: 99. 


$


 Thibaudia secundiflora Poepp. & Endl.


Thibaudia secundiflora Poepp. & Endl. = Orthaea secundiflora (Poepp. & Endl.) Klotzsch

Reference: FP 1325: 122. 


$


 Thibaudia serrata Dunal in DC.


Thibaudia serrata Dunal in DC. = Vaccinium mathewsii Sleumer

Reference: FP 1325: 78. 


$


 Thibaudia spathulata A.C. Sm.



Thibaudia spathulata A.C. Sm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 110. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 7530* (F)
Departments: Ayacucho.


$


 Thibaudia speciosa Benth.


Thibaudia speciosa Benth. = Semiramisia speciosa (Benth.) Klotzsch

Reference: Luteyn, J. L., 1984: 365. 


$


 Thibaudia strobilifera Kunth


Thibaudia strobilifera Kunth = Cavendishia bracteata (Ruiz & Pav. ex J. St.-Hil.) Hoerold

Reference: FP 1325: 114; Luteyn, J. L., 1983: 137. 


$


 Thibaudia tarapotana Meisn.


Thibaudia tarapotana Meisn. = Cavendishia tarapotana (Meisn.) Benth. & Hook. f. var. tarapotana 

Reference: FP 1325: 113; Luteyn, J. L., 1983: 163. 


$


 Thibaudia tomentosa Hoerold



Thibaudia tomentosa Hoerold

Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 110. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 4374* (MOL!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Thibaudia uniflora A.C. Sm.



Thibaudia uniflora A.C. Sm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 111. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Mexia 8319* (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Thibaudia urbaniana Hoerold



Thibaudia urbaniana Hoerold

Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 111. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean I: forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 4449* (B), Woytkowski 8024 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Thibaudia weberbauerii Hoerold


Thibaudia weberbauerii Hoerold = Thibaudia angustifolia Hooker

Reference: FP 1325: 102. 


$


 Thiloa gracilis (Schott) Eichler



Thiloa gracilis (Schott) Eichler

Synonyms: Thiloa gracilis Schott
Reference: Stace, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native vine. . 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 57794 (MO!)
Departments: Madre de Dios.


$


 Thiloa inundata Ducke



Thiloa inundata Ducke

$


 Thiloa paraguariensis Eichler



Thiloa paraguariensis Eichler

Reference: Stace, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al.  (MO!)
Departments: Madre de Dios, Loreto.


$


 Thinogeton lobbianum Miers


Thinogeton lobbianum Miers = Exodeconus maritimus (Benth.) D'Arcy

Reference: FP 1349: 24. 


$


 Thinogeton maritima Benth.


Thinogeton maritima Benth. = Exodeconus maritimus (Benth.) D'Arcy

Reference: FP 1349: 24. 


$


 Thinogeton miersii (Hook. f.) Miers


Thinogeton miersii (Hook. f.) Miers = Exodeconus miersii (Hook. f.) D'Arcy

Reference: Hunziker, pers. comm.. 
Note: NN  


$


 Thinouia myriantha Triana & Planch.



Thinouia myriantha Triana & Planch.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 365; Croat, T. B., 1977: 533. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez 14290 (US!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Thinouia obliqua (R. &. P. ex Radlkofer, nom. nud. pro syn.) Radlk.



Thinouia obliqua (R. &. P. ex Radlkofer, nom. nud. pro syn.) Radlk.

Synonyms: Thinouia obliqua R. &. P. ex Radlkofer, nom. nud. pro syn., Thinouia obliqua Radlk.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 365. 
Ecology: Endemic liana. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Note: The Flora of Peru lists T. repanda Radlk. in synonymy under T. obliqua, while Ferrucci (1991), considers T. repanda a synonym of T. mucronata Radlkofer. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n 916* (G), Gentry & D&iacute;az 58605 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Thinouia repanda Radlk.


Thinouia repanda Radlk. = Thinouia obliqua (R. &. P. ex Radlkofer, nom. nud. pro syn.) Radlk.

Reference: FP 1298: 365. 


$


 Thismia hyalina (Miers) F. von Muller



Thismia hyalina (Miers) F. von Muller

Synonyms: Thismia hyalina Miers
Reference: Maas, P. J. M., H. Maas-van de Kamer, J. van Benthem, H. C. M. Snelders, & T. B&uuml;bsamen, 1986: 158. 
Ecology: Native saphrophyte. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 22049 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Thismia panamensis (Standl.) Jonker



Thismia panamensis (Standl.) Jonker

Synonyms: Thismia panamensis Standl.
Reference: Maas, P. J. M., H. Maas-van de Kamer, J. van Benthem, H. C. M. Snelders, & T. B&uuml;bsamen, 1986: 156. 
Ecology: Native saphrophyte. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Foster & Wachter 7311 (F)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Thlaspi bursa-pastoris L.


Thlaspi bursa-pastoris L. = Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.

Reference: FP 614: 952. 


$


 Thoracocarpus bissectus (Vell.) Harling



Thoracocarpus bissectus (Vell.) Harling

Synonyms: Thoracocarpus bissectus Drude, Thoracocarpus bissectus Vell.
Reference: Harling, G., 1958: 255. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Epiphytic liana.  
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 3274 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Thouinia integrifolia Sprengel


Thouinia integrifolia Sprengel = Gallesia integrifolia (Sprengel) Harms

Reference: FP 1261: 556. 


$


 Thouinia morisiana Casaretto


Thouinia morisiana Casaretto = Pausandra morisiana (Casaretto) Radlk.

Reference: FP 674: 174. 


$


 Thouinia multifida Dombey ex Juss.


Thouinia multifida Dombey ex Juss. = ?  

Reference: FP 1295: 125. 


$


 Thouinia weinmanniifolia Griseb.



Thouinia weinmanniifolia Griseb.

Reference: Ferrucci, M. S., 1991: 18. 


$


 Thrasya petrosa (Trin.) Chase



Thrasya petrosa (Trin.) Chase

$


 Thrasya petrosa var.petrosa



Thrasya petrosa var. petrosa 

Synonyms: Thrasya petrosa petrosa (Trin.) D&ouml;ll, Thrasya petrosa petrosa Trin.
Reference: Burman, A. G., 1985 [1987]: 59; Tovar, O., 1986: 57. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I: rocky slopes. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 17254 (US, USM)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Thrixanthocereus blossfeldiorum (Werdermann) Backeb.


Thrixanthocereus blossfeldiorum (Werdermann) Backeb. = Espostoa blossfeldiorum (Werdermann) Buxb.

Reference: Ritter, F., 1981: 1485; Hunt, D., 1992: 137. 


$


 Thrixanthocereus cullmannianus F. Ritter


Thrixanthocereus cullmannianus F. Ritter = Espostoa blossfeldiorum (Werdermann) Buxb.

Reference: Ritter, F., 1981: 1483; Hunt, D., 1992: 137. 


$


 Thrixanthocereus longispinus F. Ritter



Thrixanthocereus longispinus F. Ritter

Reference: Ritter, F., 1981: 1484; Hunt, D., 1992: 137. 
Ecology: Endemic Erect, branched or columnar cactus. Andean I: rocky slopes. 1000-1500 m. 
Note: Accepted provisionally by Hunt (1992).  
Voucher: Ritter 1069* (U)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Thrixanthocereus senilis F. Ritter


Thrixanthocereus senilis F. Ritter = Espostoa senilis (F. Ritter) N.P. Taylor

Reference: Taylor, N. P., 1978: 54; Ritter, F., 1981: 1482; Hunt, D., 1992: 137. 


$


 Thryallis glauca (Cav.) Kuntze


Thryallis glauca (Cav.) Kuntze =   

Reference: FP 665: 851. 
Note: NN  


$


 Thryallis gracilis (Bartl.) Kuntze


Thryallis gracilis (Bartl.) Kuntze = Galphimia gracilis Bartl.

Reference: FP 665: 851; Cuatrecasas, J., 1958: 550. 


$


 Thryallis macroptera Mart.


Thryallis macroptera Mart. = Dicella macroptera A. Juss.

Reference: FP 665: 862; Chase, M. W., 1981: 168. 
Note: NN  


$


 Thunbergia alata Bojer ex Sims



Thunbergia alata Bojer ex Sims

Reference: Leonard, E. C., 1951: 41. 
Ecology: Introduced herb. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, grasslands. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Wasshausen & Encarnaci&oacute;n 1079 (US)
Departments: Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Thunbergia fragrans Roxb.



Thunbergia fragrans Roxb.

Reference: Leonard, E. C., 1951: 42. 
Ecology: Introduced vine. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 29025 (US!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Loreto.


$


 Thunbergia laurifolia Lindl.



Thunbergia laurifolia Lindl.

$


 Thurnia sphaerocephala (Rudge) Hook. f.



Thurnia sphaerocephala (Rudge) Hook. f.

Synonyms: Thurnia sphaerocephala Rudge
Reference: Flora Peru: 1178: 494; Cutler, D. F., 1965: 431. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Thymocarpus cannoides Nicolson, Steyerm. & Sivad.



Thymocarpus cannoides Nicolson, Steyerm. & Sivad.

Reference: Nicolson, D., J. A. Steyermark & M. Sivadasan, 1981: 24. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez 8120 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Thymus nubigenus Kunth


Thymus nubigenus Kunth = Satureja nubigena (Kunth) Briq.

Reference: FP 1287: 758; Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1964: 410. 


$


 Thyrsacanthus cuspidatus Nees


Thyrsacanthus cuspidatus Nees = Odontonema cuspidatum (Nees) Kuntze

$


 Thyrsacanthus hookerianus Nees


Thyrsacanthus hookerianus Nees = Odontonema hookerianum (Nees) Kuntze

$


 Thyrsanthus benthamianus (M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Miers


Thyrsanthus benthamianus (M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Miers = Forsteronia acouci (Aubl.) A. DC.

Reference: FP 1343: 433; Hansen, B. F., 1985: 213. 


$


 Thyrsanthus placidus Miers


Thyrsanthus placidus Miers = Forsteronia pubescens A. DC.

Reference: FP 1343: 435; Hansen, B. F., 1985: 94. 


$


 Thyrsodium herrerense Encarnacion



Thyrsodium herrerense Encarnacion

Reference: Spichiger, R., J. Meroz, P. Loizeau, & L. Stutz de Ortega, 1990: 169. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Spichiger 1301* (MO!), V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 6312 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Thyrsodium spruceanum (Engl. in Mart.) Benth.



Thyrsodium spruceanum (Engl. in Mart.) Benth.

$


 Thysanachne peruviana J. Presl


Thysanachne peruviana J. Presl = Arundinella berteroniana (Schult.) Hitchc. & Chase

Reference: FP 719: 199. 


$


 Tibouchina aspera Aubl.



Tibouchina aspera Aubl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 282; Wurdack, J. J., 1973: 54. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean I: disturbed areas. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Chrostowski 70-118 (US!, USM!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tibouchina asperifolia Cogn.



Tibouchina asperifolia Cogn.

Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 282. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: forests. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 3357* (MOL!), Vargas 5366 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Tibouchina brevisepala Cogn.



Tibouchina brevisepala Cogn.

Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 283. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: riversides. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 4965* (B photo US!), Vargas 8324 (US!)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Cuzco.


$


 Tibouchina calycina Cogn.



Tibouchina calycina Cogn.

$


 Tibouchina calycina var.calycina



Tibouchina calycina var. calycina 

Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 283. 
Ecology. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 650* (US!), Boeke 3019 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Puno.


$


 Tibouchina calycina var.parvifolia Cogn.



Tibouchina calycina var. parvifolia Cogn.

$


 Tibouchina clinopodifolia (DC.) Cogn.



Tibouchina clinopodifolia (DC.) Cogn.

Synonyms: Tibouchina clinopodifolia DC.
Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 284. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Tibouchina coronata (Triana) Cogn.


Tibouchina coronata (Triana) Cogn. = Brachyotum coronatum (Triana) Wurdack

Reference: FP 761: 284; Wurdack, J. J., 1965: 379. 


$


 Tibouchina cymosa Cogn.


Tibouchina cymosa Cogn. = Tibouchina laxa (Desr.) Cogn.

Reference: FP 761: 284; Wurdack, J. J., 1980: 73. 


$


 Tibouchina decora Gleason



Tibouchina decora Gleason

Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 284. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean I-II: disturbed areas. 500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 22700* (US!), Smith 4135 (US!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco.


$


 Tibouchina dimorphophylla Gleason



Tibouchina dimorphophylla Gleason

Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 285. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: forests, rocky slopes. 2500-3500 m. 
Note: Cited in the Flora of Peru as T. dimorphylla. 
Voucher: Pennell 14103* (NY), Pennell 14092 (US!)
Departments: Cuzco, Puno.


$


 Tibouchina echinata (Ruiz & Pav.) Cogn.



Tibouchina echinata (Ruiz & Pav.) Cogn.

Synonyms: Tibouchina echinata Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 285. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: disturbed areas. 1500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA photo US!), Macbride 3891 (US!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Lima, Pasco.


$


 Tibouchina fulvipilis Cogn.



Tibouchina fulvipilis Cogn.

Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 286. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 5625* (F photo US!)
Departments: Ayacucho.


$


 Tibouchina gayana (Naud.) Cogn.



Tibouchina gayana (Naud.) Cogn.

Synonyms: Tibouchina gayana Naudin
Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 286. 
Ecology. 1500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 512* (F photo US!), Metcalf 30551 (US!)
Departments: Cuzco, Puno.


$


 Tibouchina gracilis (Kunth) Cogn.



Tibouchina gracilis (Kunth) Cogn.

Synonyms: Tibouchina gracilis Kunth
Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 286. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Tibouchina grossa (L.f.) Cogn.



Tibouchina grossa (L.f.) Cogn.

Synonyms: Tibouchina grossa L.f.
Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 287; Wurdack, J. J., 1980: 80. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Tibouchina hutchisonii Wurdack



Tibouchina hutchisonii Wurdack

Reference: Wurdack, J. J., 1967: 258. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison et al. 6034* (US, USM), Allard 22102 (US)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Tibouchina incarum Gleason



Tibouchina incarum Gleason

Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 287. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: disturbed areas. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez & Valencia 9114 (US!)
Departments: Cuzco.


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 Tibouchina laevis Cogn.



Tibouchina laevis Cogn.

Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 287. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. . 
Voucher: Weberbauer 1139* (B photo US!)
Departments: Puno.


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 Tibouchina laxa (Desr.) Cogn.



Tibouchina laxa (Desr.) Cogn.

Synonyms: Tibouchina laxa Cogn., Tibouchina laxa Desr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 288; Wurdack, J. J., 1980: 73. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: disturbed areas, forests. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Jussieu s.n.* (P photo US!), Ferreyra 10830 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Cajamarca, Lambayeque, Piura.


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 Tibouchina lepidota (Bonpl.) Baill.



Tibouchina lepidota (Bonpl.) Baill.

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 Tibouchina lepidota var. congestiflora Cogn.


Tibouchina lepidota var. congestiflora Cogn. = Tibouchina lepidota var. lepidota 

Reference: Todzia, C. A. & F. Almeda, 1991: 194. 


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 Tibouchina lepidota var.lepidota



Tibouchina lepidota var. lepidota 

Synonyms: Tibouchina lepidota lepidota Bonpl., Tibouchina lepidota var. lepidota Cogn.
Reference: Todzia, C. A. & F. Almeda, 1991: 193. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests. 500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Humboldt & Bonpland s.n.* (P), Stein & Todzia 2088 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Tibouchina longifolia (Vahl) Baill.



Tibouchina longifolia (Vahl) Baill.

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 Tibouchina longifolia var.longifolia



Tibouchina longifolia var. longifolia 

Synonyms: Tibouchina longifolia longifolia Ruiz & Pav., Tibouchina longifolia longifolia Vahl
Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 288; Wurdack, J. J., 1980: 79. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, rocky slopes. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Barbour 4340 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, Piura, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


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 Tibouchina longifolia var.simulans J.F. Macbr.



Tibouchina longifolia var. simulans J.F. Macbr.

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 Tibouchina mariae Wurdack



Tibouchina mariae Wurdack

Reference: Wurdack, J. J., 1966: 65. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: cloud forests. 1500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Wurdack 632* (US!, USM), Hutchison & Wright 5649 (USM!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca.


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 Tibouchina mathaei Cogn.



Tibouchina mathaei Cogn.

Synonyms: Tibouchina mathaei Naudin
Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 289. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean I: disturbed areas. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Mathews 1267* (photo US!), Woytkowski 6083 (US!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Tibouchina maurocarpa (Triana) Cogn.


Tibouchina maurocarpa (Triana) Cogn. = Tibouchina pleromoides (Naud.) J.F. Macbr.

Reference: FP 761: 291. 


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 Tibouchina mollis (Bonpl.) Cogn.



Tibouchina mollis (Bonpl.) Cogn.

Synonyms: Tibouchina mollis Bonpl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 289. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 3378 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


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 Tibouchina ochypetala (Ruiz & Pav.) Baill.



Tibouchina ochypetala (Ruiz & Pav.) Baill.

Synonyms: Tibouchina ochypetala Markgr., Tibouchina ochypetala Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 289; Wurdack, J. J., 1980: 70. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II: shrublands. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Wurdack 1842 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Tibouchina octopetala Cogn.



Tibouchina octopetala Cogn.

Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 290. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


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 Tibouchina pentamera (Ule) J.F. Macbr.



Tibouchina pentamera (Ule) J.F. Macbr.

Synonyms: Tibouchina pentamera Ule
Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 290. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. . 
Voucher: Ule 6742* (B photo US!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Tibouchina pleromoides (Naud.) J.F. Macbr.



Tibouchina pleromoides (Naud.) J.F. Macbr.

Synonyms: Tibouchina pleromoides (Triana) Cogn., Tibouchina pleromoides Naudin, Tibouchina pleromoides Triana
Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 291. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: forests. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 23510 (US!)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


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 Tibouchina pulcherrima Gleason



Tibouchina pulcherrima Gleason

Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 291. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: disturbed areas. 1500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Stein 2527 (US!)
Departments: Cuzco.


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 Tibouchina purpurascens Cogn.



Tibouchina purpurascens Cogn.

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 Tibouchina repens Wurdack



Tibouchina repens Wurdack

Reference: Wurdack, J. J., 1954: 55. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Amazonian: riversides. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Allard 22082* (US!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Tibouchina rhynchantherifolia Cogn.



Tibouchina rhynchantherifolia Cogn.

Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 292; Wurdack, J. J., 1970: 371. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, tree. Andean I-II: cloud forests. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 1062* (US!), Vargas 16375 (US!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Puno.


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 Tibouchina sandiensis Wurdack



Tibouchina sandiensis Wurdack

Reference: Wurdack, J. J., 1967: 259. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: forests. 1500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 16677* (US!), Metcalf 30606 (US!)
Departments: Puno.


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 Tibouchina saxosa Gleason



Tibouchina saxosa Gleason

Reference: Gleason, H. A., 1935: 135. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: forests. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Pennell 13992* (GH), N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 7711 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Huancavelica.


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 Tibouchina solmsii Cogn.



Tibouchina solmsii Cogn.

Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 292. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Lechler 2179* (GOET)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Puno.


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 Tibouchina stenocarpa (DC.) Cogn.



Tibouchina stenocarpa (DC.) Cogn.

Synonyms: Tibouchina stenocarpa DC.
Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 292. 
Ecology. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 16676 (US!, USM!)
Departments: Puno.


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 Tibouchina stenopetala (Griseb. ex Triana) Cogn.



Tibouchina stenopetala (Griseb. ex Triana) Cogn.

Synonyms: Tibouchina stenopetala Griseb. ex Triana
Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 293. 
Ecology. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Lechler 2271* (US!), Vargas 17558 (US!)
Departments: Cuzco, Puno.


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 Tibouchina stenophylla Cogn.



Tibouchina stenophylla Cogn.

Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 293. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Tessmann 4795* (B photo US!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Tibouchina tessmannii Markgr.


Tibouchina tessmannii Markgr. = Tibouchina ochypetala (Ruiz & Pav.) Baill.

Reference: FP 761: 289; Wurdack, J. J., 1980: 70. 


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 Tibouchina virescens Cogn.


Tibouchina virescens Cogn. = Brachyotum virescens (Naudin) Wurdack

Reference: FP 761: 293. 


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 Tibouchina wasshausenii Wurdack



Tibouchina wasshausenii Wurdack

Reference: Wurdack, J. J., 1988: 7. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean I: forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Wasshausen & Salas 1209* (US!)
Departments: Puno.


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 Tibouchina weberbaueri Cogn.



Tibouchina weberbaueri Cogn.

Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 293; Wurdack, J. J., 1966: 67. 
Ecology. 1500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 5002* (US!), Vargas 13178 (US!)
Departments: Cuzco.


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 Ticorea jasminiflora A. St. Hil.


Ticorea jasminiflora A. St. Hil. = Galipea jasminiflora (A. St. Hil.) Engl.

Reference: Gereau, R. E., 1990: 370. 


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 Ticorea longiflora DC.



Ticorea longiflora DC.

Reference: Flora Peru: 655: 678; Gereau, R. E., 1990: 371. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry & Revilla 20399 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Ticorea tubiflora (A.C. Sm.) Gereau



Ticorea tubiflora (A.C. Sm.) Gereau

Synonyms: Ticorea tubiflora A.C. Sm.
Reference: Gereau, R. E., 1990: 371. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Foster 11715 (MO!)
Departments: Madre de Dios.


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 Tigarea aspera Aubl.


Tigarea aspera Aubl. = Davilla kunthii A. St.-Hil.

Reference: FP 1305: 668. 


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 Tigarea dentata Aubl.


Tigarea dentata Aubl. = Doliocarpus dentatus (Aubl.) Standl. subsp. dentatus 

Reference: FP 1305: 674; Kubitzki, K., 1971: 53. 


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 Tigridia albicans Ravenna



Tigridia albicans Ravenna

Reference: Ravenna, P., 1964: 59. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ravenna 83* (Hb. Ravenna)
Departments: Tacna.


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 Tigridia grandiflora (Cavanilles) Diels


Tigridia grandiflora (Cavanilles) Diels = Tigridia pavonia (L. f.) DC.

Reference: FP 1199: 716. 


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 Tigridia huyanae (J.F. Macbr.) Ravenna



Tigridia huyanae (J.F. Macbr.) Ravenna

Synonyms: Tigridia huyanae J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Ravenna, P., 1964: 60. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. . 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 469* (F)
Departments: Lima.


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 Tigridia lobata (Herbert) J.F. Macbr.



Tigridia lobata (Herbert) J.F. Macbr.

Synonyms: Tigridia lobata Herbert
Reference: Flora Peru: 1199: 716. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


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 Tigridia lutea Link, Klotzsch & Otto


Tigridia lutea Link, Klotzsch & Otto = Tigridia pavonia (L. f.) DC.

Reference: FP 1199: 716. 


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 Tigridia minuta Ravenna



Tigridia minuta Ravenna

Reference: Ravenna, P., 1969: 29. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ravenna 77* (Hb. Ravenna)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Ayacucho.


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 Tigridia pavonia (L. f.) DC.



Tigridia pavonia (L. f.) DC.

Synonyms: Tigridia pavonia (Cavanilles) Diels, Tigridia pavonia (L. f.) Ker Gawl, Tigridia pavonia (L. f.) Ker Gawl., Tigridia pavonia Cav., Tigridia pavonia L. f., Tigridia pavonia Link, Klotzsch & Otto
Reference: Molseed, E., 1970: 37. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Note: No Peruvian specimen cited by Molseed, 1970: 37.  No Peruvian specimen cited by Molseed, 1970: 37. 


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 Tigridia pavonia (L. f.) Ker Gawl.


Tigridia pavonia (L. f.) Ker Gawl. = Tigridia pavonia (L. f.) DC.

Reference: Molseed, E., 1970: 37. 


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 Tigridia pearcei (Baker) Ravenna



Tigridia pearcei (Baker) Ravenna

Synonyms: Tigridia pearcei Baker
Reference: Ravenna, P., 1964: 60. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


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 Tigridia purruchucana (Herb.) Ravenna



Tigridia purruchucana (Herb.) Ravenna

Synonyms: Tigridia purruchucana (Herb.) Benth. ex Baker, Tigridia purruchucana Herb.
Reference: Ravenna, P., 1964: 60. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


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 Tigridia raimondii Ravenna



Tigridia raimondii Ravenna

Reference: Ravenna, P., 1988: 289. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Coastal: lomas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Ravenna 89* (Hb. Ravenna), Ferreyra 11929 (USM)
Departments: Arequipa.


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 Tildenia peruviana Miq.


Tildenia peruviana Miq. = Peperomia peruviana (Miq.) Dahlst. var. peruviana 

Reference: FP 1216: 73; Trelease, W. & T. G. Yuncker, 1950: 714. 


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 Tillaea closiana Gay


Tillaea closiana Gay = Crassula closiana (Gay) Reiche

Reference: Bywater, M. & G. E. Wickens, 1984: 721. 


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 Tillaea connata Ruiz & Pav.


Tillaea connata Ruiz & Pav. = Crassula connata (Ruiz & Pav.) Berger

Reference: FP 626: 1008; Bywater, M. & G. E. Wickens, 1984: 722. 


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 Tillaea paludosa Schldl. in Lechl.


Tillaea paludosa Schldl. in Lechl. = Crassula peduncularis (Smith) Meigen

Reference: Bywater, M. & G. E. Wickens, 1984: 714. 


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 Tillaea peduncularis Smith


Tillaea peduncularis Smith = Crassula peduncularis (Smith) Meigen

Reference: Bywater, M. & G. E. Wickens, 1984: 714. 


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 Tillaea rubescens Kunth


Tillaea rubescens Kunth = Crassula connata (Ruiz & Pav.) Berger

Reference: FP 626: 1008; Bywater, M. & G. E. Wickens, 1984: 714. 


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 Tillaea venezuelensis Steyerm.


Tillaea venezuelensis Steyerm. = Crassula venezuelensis (Steyerm.) Bywater & Wickens

Reference: Bywater, M. & G. E. Wickens, 1984: 710. 


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 Tillandsia adpressa Andr&eacute;



Tillandsia adpressa Andr&eacute;

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 Tillandsia adpressa Andr&eacute; var.adpressa



Tillandsia adpressa Andr&eacute; var. adpressa 

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 539; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1049. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean II: forests. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison & Bismarck 6411 (F, USM!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, La Libertad.


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 Tillandsia adpressa var.orthiantha (Standl.) L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia adpressa var. orthiantha (Standl.) L.B. Sm.

Synonyms: Tillandsia adpressa orthiantha Standl.
Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1050. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Tillandsia adpressa var.tonduziana (Mez) L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia adpressa var. tonduziana (Mez) L.B. Sm.

Synonyms: Tillandsia adpressa tonduziana (Wittm.) Mez, Tillandsia adpressa tonduziana Mez, Tillandsia adpressa tonduziana Wittm.
Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1050. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean II-III: elfin forests. 1500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui 7484 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Jun&iacute;n, La Libertad, Loreto.


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 Tillandsia adpressiflora Mez



Tillandsia adpressiflora Mez

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 556; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 774. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 1184 (US!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Tillandsia andicola sensu Wittm. non Gillies ex Baker



Tillandsia andicola sensu Wittm. non Gillies ex Baker

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 541; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 884. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Tillandsia arenicola L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia arenicola L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 790. 
Ecology. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.     
Voucher: Angulo 1254* (US!)
Departments: La Libertad.


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 Tillandsia argentea C. Koch


Tillandsia argentea C. Koch = Tillandsia tectorum E. Morren

Reference: FP 1179: 553; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 786. 


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 Tillandsia argentea Griseb.


Tillandsia argentea Griseb. = Tillandsia tectorum E. Morren

Reference: FP 1179: 553; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 786, 975. 
Note: NN  


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 Tillandsia arnoldiana Harms


Tillandsia arnoldiana Harms = Tillandsia tovarensis Mez

Reference: FP 1179: 557; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 723. 


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 Tillandsia asplundii L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia asplundii L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 734. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean II: cloud forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Dudley 11319 (NA)
Departments: Cuzco.


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 Tillandsia atrichoides S. Moore


Tillandsia atrichoides S. Moore = Tillandsia loliacea Mart. ex Roem. & Schult.

Reference: FP 1179: 544; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 874. 
Note: NN  


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 Tillandsia aurantiaca Griseb.


Tillandsia aurantiaca Griseb. = Tillandsia tetrantha var. aurantiaca (Griseb.) L.B. Sm.

Reference: FP 1179: 540; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1054. 


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 Tillandsia aurea Mez



Tillandsia aurea Mez

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 Tillandsia aurea var.aurea



Tillandsia aurea var. aurea 

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 545; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 868. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. Andean II: forests. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 3297* (B), Luer et al. 5375 (US!)
Departments: Ancash.


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 Tillandsia aurea var.minor L. Hrom. & Rauh



Tillandsia aurea var. minor L. Hrom. & Rauh

Reference: Rauh, W., 1985: 66. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. Andean I-II: riversides. 1000-2000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Hromadnik & Rauh 4206* (HEID)
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Tillandsia aureobrunnea Mez


Tillandsia aureobrunnea Mez = Tillandsia humilis C. Presl

Reference: FP 1179: 552; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 868. 


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 Tillandsia axillaris Griseb.


Tillandsia axillaris Griseb. = Tillandsia complanata subsp. complanata 

Reference: FP 1179: 550; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 724. 


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 Tillandsia azurea C. Presl


Tillandsia azurea C. Presl = Tillandsia purpurea Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1179: 560; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 866. 


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 Tillandsia bagua-grandensis Rauh



Tillandsia bagua-grandensis Rauh

Reference: Rauh, W., 1987: 259. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. Andean I: rocky slopes. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Perino s.n.* (HEID)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac.


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 Tillandsia bakeri L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia bakeri L.B. Sm.

Synonyms: Tillandsia bakeri (Baker) Mez, Tillandsia bakeri Baker
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 538; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1048. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean II: forests. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: S&aacute;nchez 218 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tillandsia bakeriana Britten


Tillandsia bakeriana Britten = Tillandsia streptocarpa var. streptocarpa 

Reference: FP 1179: 548; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 855. 


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 Tillandsia balsasensis Rauh



Tillandsia balsasensis Rauh

Reference: Rauh, W., 1976: 335. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Rauh 38570* (HEID)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Tillandsia bangii Baker


Tillandsia bangii Baker = Tillandsia fendleri Griseb. var. fendleri 

Reference: FP 1179: 558; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 697. 


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 Tillandsia barbeyana Wittm.



Tillandsia barbeyana Wittm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 771. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: L&oacute;pez et al. 4301 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas.


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 Tillandsia biflora Ruiz & Pav.



Tillandsia biflora Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Tillandsia biflora Baker, Tillandsia biflora Beer, Tillandsia biflora Klotzsch ex Beer, Tillandsia biflora Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 565; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 745. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Amazonian: forests, riversides. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Wurdack 750 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Puno.


$


 Tillandsia bismarckii Rauh & Lehmann



Tillandsia bismarckii Rauh & Lehmann

Reference: Rauh, W., 1983: 22. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Rauh & Bismarck 53653* (HEID)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tillandsia bongarana L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia bongarana L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 700. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. Andean II: forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Wurdack 1037* (US)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Tillandsia brachycephala Baker


Tillandsia brachycephala Baker = Guzmania strobilantha (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1332. 


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 Tillandsia brevicapsula Gilmartin



Tillandsia brevicapsula Gilmartin

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 711. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: forests. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Rauh 24242 (US!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n.


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 Tillandsia brevilingua Mez ex Harms



Tillandsia brevilingua Mez ex Harms

Synonyms: Tillandsia brevilingua Ule
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 553; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 715. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. Andean I: forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ule 61-P* (B)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Tillandsia bromeliifolia Rudge


Tillandsia bromeliifolia Rudge = Aechmea bromeliifolia (Rudge) Baker

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1979: 1929. 


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 Tillandsia bryoides Griseb. ex Baker



Tillandsia bryoides Griseb. ex Baker

Synonyms: Tillandsia bryoides Gillies ex Baker
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 544; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 879. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Andean I-II: rocky slopes. 500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Tovar 3704 (US!)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Cuzco, Huancavelica.


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 Tillandsia cacticola L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia cacticola L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 865. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. Andean I-II, Coastal: cloud forests, dry valleys. 0-3000 m. 
Voucher: Sandemann 4325* (K), Davis & Turner 668 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Lambayeque, La Libertad, Piura.


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 Tillandsia caerulea Kunth



Tillandsia caerulea Kunth

Synonyms: Tillandsia caerulea Beer, Tillandsia caerulea Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 545; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 869. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean I: dry valleys. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Humboldt & Bonpland 3442* (P), Ferreyra 10614 (US!, USM!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Piura, Tumbes.


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 Tillandsia cajamarcensis Rauh



Tillandsia cajamarcensis Rauh

Reference: Rauh, W., 1985: 43. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Rauh 24305a* (HEID)
Departments: Cajamarca.


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 Tillandsia calocephala Wittm.


Tillandsia calocephala Wittm. = Tillandsia nana Baker

Reference: FP 1179: 565; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 807. 


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 Tillandsia calothyrsus Poepp. ex Beer


Tillandsia calothyrsus Poepp. ex Beer = Guzmania calothyrsus Mez

Reference: FP 1179: 572; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1332. 


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 Tillandsia capillaris fo.cordobensis (Hieron.) L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia capillaris fo. cordobensis (Hieron.) L.B. Sm.

Synonyms: Tillandsia capillaris cordobensis Hieron.
Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 895. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean I-III: dry valleys. 1000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Rose 19035 (US!)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Lambayeque, Lima, Puno.


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 Tillandsia capillaris fo.hieronymi (Mez) L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia capillaris fo. hieronymi (Mez) L.B. Sm.

Synonyms: Tillandsia capillaris hieronymi Hieron. ex Mez, Tillandsia capillaris hieronymi Mez
Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 896. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   According to Smith & Downs (1977), this taxon is known only from Argentina and Bolivia. 


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 Tillandsia capillaris fo.incana (Mez) L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia capillaris fo. incana (Mez) L.B. Sm.

Synonyms: Tillandsia capillaris incana Gillies ex Baker
Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 894. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   According to Smith & Downs (1977), this taxon is known only from Argentina and Bolivia. 


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 Tillandsia capillaris fo.virescens (Ruiz & Pav.) L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia capillaris fo. virescens (Ruiz & Pav.) L.B. Sm.

Synonyms: Tillandsia capillaris virescens (R. & P.) Beer, Tillandsia capillaris virescens Gay, Tillandsia capillaris virescens Gillies ex Baker, Tillandsia capillaris virescens Philippi, Tillandsia capillaris virescens Ruiz & Pav., Tillandsia capillaris virescens Rusby
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 542; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 895. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Andean I-III: dry valleys, rocky slopes. 1000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Mexia 4264 (US!)
Departments: Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Puno.


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 Tillandsia capillaris Ruiz & Pav.



Tillandsia capillaris Ruiz & Pav.

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 Tillandsia capillaris Ruiz & Pav. fo.capillaris



Tillandsia capillaris Ruiz & Pav. fo. capillaris 

Synonyms: Tillandsia capillaris capillaris (R. & P.) Beer, Tillandsia capillaris capillaris Gillies ex Baker
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 542; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 893. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Andean I-III, Coastal: lomas, rocky slopes. 500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (BM), Cook & Gilbert 550 (US!)
Departments: Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Arequipa, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, La Libertad, Puno, Tacna.


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 Tillandsia capituligera Griseb.


Tillandsia capituligera Griseb. = Vriesea capituligera (Griseb.) L.B. Sm. & Pittendr.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1170. 


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 Tillandsia carnosa L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia carnosa L.B. Sm.

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 Tillandsia carnosa var.brevistipitata Rauh



Tillandsia carnosa var. brevistipitata Rauh

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 904. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean I: rocky slopes. 1000-1500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Rauh 24568* (US)
Departments: Cajamarca.


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 Tillandsia carnosa var.carnosa



Tillandsia carnosa var. carnosa 

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 904. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Wurdack 603* (US!, USM!)
Departments: Amazonas.


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 Tillandsia carnosa var.longispicata Rauh



Tillandsia carnosa var. longispicata Rauh

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 904. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean I: rocky slopes. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Rauh 14418* (US)
Departments: Cajamarca.


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 Tillandsia caulescens Brongn. ex Baker



Tillandsia caulescens Brongn. ex Baker

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 546; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 808. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II: rocky slopes. 500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Gay 1186* (P), Ferreyra 9833 (US!, USM!)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Cuzco, Ica.


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 Tillandsia cauligera Mez



Tillandsia cauligera Mez

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 545; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 793. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 4050* (US), L&oacute;pez 1006 (US)
Departments: Cajamarca, Cuzco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, La Libertad.


$


 Tillandsia cereicola Mez


Tillandsia cereicola Mez = Vriesea cereicola (Mez) L.B. Sm.

Reference: FP 1179: 560; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1249. 


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 Tillandsia cerrateana L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia cerrateana L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 755. 
Ecology. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Cerrate 391* (US!, USM!), L&oacute;pez 5312 (US!)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, Cuzco.


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 Tillandsia chartacea L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia chartacea L.B. Sm.

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 Tillandsia chartacea var.chartacea



Tillandsia chartacea var. chartacea 

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 761. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Rauh 24312 (US!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


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 Tillandsia chartacea var.peruviana L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia chartacea var. peruviana L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 762. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Cerrate 454* (US), Ferreyra 6213 (US)
Departments: Ancash.


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 Tillandsia chilensis Baker


Tillandsia chilensis Baker = Tillandsia paleacea C. Presl

Reference: FP 1179: 547; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 863. 


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 Tillandsia chiletensis Rauh



Tillandsia chiletensis Rauh

Reference: Rauh, W., 1984: 5. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. Andean II: forests. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Rauh 24256* (HEID)
Departments: Cajamarca.


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 Tillandsia chrysostachys (E. Morren) Baker


Tillandsia chrysostachys (E. Morren) Baker = Vriesea chrysostachys var. chrysostachys 

Reference: FP 1179: 569; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1094. 


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 Tillandsia churinensis Rauh



Tillandsia churinensis Rauh

Reference: Rauh, W., 1985: 39. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Bismarck 32682* (HEID)
Departments: Lima.


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 Tillandsia cinerascens Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.


Tillandsia cinerascens Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. = Tillandsia disticha Kunth

Reference: FP 1179: 554. 


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 Tillandsia clavata Lam.


Tillandsia clavata Lam. = Guzmania monostachia (L.) Rusby ex Mez var. monostachia 

Reference: FP 1179: 571; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1336. 


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 Tillandsia clavigera Mez



Tillandsia clavigera Mez

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 Tillandsia clavigera var.clavigera



Tillandsia clavigera var. clavigera 

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 558; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 711. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean I-II: forests. 500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 23058 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco.


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 Tillandsia clavigera var.pendula Rauh



Tillandsia clavigera var. pendula Rauh

Reference: Rauh, W., 1985: 59. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Rauh 63924* (HEID)
Departments: Pasco.


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 Tillandsia coarctata Gillies ex Baker


Tillandsia coarctata Gillies ex Baker = Tillandsia bryoides Griseb. ex Baker

Reference: FP 1179: 544; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 879. 
Note: nom. nud.  


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 Tillandsia coarctata Willd. ex Schult. & Schult. f.


Tillandsia coarctata Willd. ex Schult. & Schult. f. = Tillandsia floribunda Kunth

Reference: FP 1179: 549; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 765. 
Note: pro syn.  


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 Tillandsia coinaensis Ehlers



Tillandsia coinaensis Ehlers

Reference: Ehlers, R., 1990: 9. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ehlers 7873* (WU)
Departments: La Libertad.


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 Tillandsia commixa Mez



Tillandsia commixa Mez

Synonyms: Tillandsia commixa Baker
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 538; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1062. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. . 
Note: Known only from the type and one collection without locality.  
Voucher: Mathews s.n.* (K), Rauh 20469 (US)
Departments: Amazonas.


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 Tillandsia complanata Benth.



Tillandsia complanata Benth.

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 Tillandsia complanata subsp.complanata



Tillandsia complanata subsp. complanata 

Synonyms: Tillandsia complanata complanata Griseb.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 550; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 724. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Wasshausen & Encarnaci&oacute;n 874 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco, Piura, San Mart&iacute;n, Tumbes.


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 Tillandsia complanata subsp.latifolia Gilmartin



Tillandsia complanata subsp. latifolia Gilmartin

Reference: Gilmartin, A.J., 1977: 225. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean II-III: cloud forests. 1500-3500 m. 
Voucher: D&iacute;az 2018 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


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 Tillandsia compressa Gillies ex Baker


Tillandsia compressa Gillies ex Baker = Tillandsia gilliesii Baker

Reference: FP 1179: 541; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 884. 


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 Tillandsia conantha (Sprengel) Baker


Tillandsia conantha (Sprengel) Baker = Guzmania strobilantha (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez

Reference: FP 1179: 573. 


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 Tillandsia confertiflora Andr&eacute;



Tillandsia confertiflora Andr&eacute;

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 784. 
Ecology. 1000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui et al. 11680 (US!)
Departments: La Libertad, Piura.


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 Tillandsia confinis L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia confinis L.B. Sm.

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 Tillandsia confinis L.B. Sm. var.confinis



Tillandsia confinis L.B. Sm. var. confinis 

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 705. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ferreyra 1686* (US!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Tillandsia cordobensis Hieron.


Tillandsia cordobensis Hieron. = Tillandsia capillaris fo. cordobensis (Hieron.) L.B. Sm.

Reference: FP 1179: 542; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 895. 


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 Tillandsia crinita Willd. ex Beer.


Tillandsia crinita Willd. ex Beer. = Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L.

Reference: FP 1179: 543; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 899. 


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 Tillandsia crispa (Baker) Mez



Tillandsia crispa (Baker) Mez

Synonyms: Tillandsia crispa Baker
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 535; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1024. 
Note: Not known from Peru. (Luther, pers. comm.)  The specimen cited in the Flora of Peru is T. undulifolia.  


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 Tillandsia cryptantha hort. ex Baker


Tillandsia cryptantha hort. ex Baker = Vriesea chrysostachys var. chrysostachys 

Reference: FP 1179: 569; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1094. 
Note: pro syn.  


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 Tillandsia cuspidata L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia cuspidata L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1047. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. Andean II: forests. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Wurdack 1457* (US!)
Departments: Amazonas.


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 Tillandsia cyanea Linden ex K. Koch



Tillandsia cyanea Linden ex K. Koch

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 Tillandsia cyanea Linden ex K. Koch var.cyanea



Tillandsia cyanea Linden ex K. Koch var. cyanea 

Synonyms: Tillandsia cyanea cyanea (E. Morren) E. Morren, Tillandsia cyanea cyanea (E. Morren) E. Morren ex Baker, Tillandsia cyanea cyanea (E. Morren) Lem., Tillandsia cyanea cyanea E. Morren, Tillandsia cyanea cyanea Regel
Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 849. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. . 
Note: Known to Peru only from the type which is based on a description and illustration.  Luther (pers. comm.) suggests that this taxon may actually be endemic to Ecuador. 
Voucher: Wallis  s.n.* (LG)
Departments: Piura.


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 Tillandsia decipiens Andr&eacute;


Tillandsia decipiens Andr&eacute; = Tillandsia multiflora var. decipiens (Andr&eacute;) L.B. Sm.

Reference: FP 1179: 537; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1045. 


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 Tillandsia denudata Andr&eacute;



Tillandsia denudata Andr&eacute;

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 Tillandsia denudata var.denudata



Tillandsia denudata var. denudata 

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 710. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Andean II: disturbed areas, forests. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra & Acleto 15330A (US!, USM!)
Departments: Amazonas, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Tillandsia denudata var.vivipara Rauh



Tillandsia denudata var. vivipara Rauh

Reference: Rauh, W., 1985: 63. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Rauh 40030* (HEID)
Departments: Amazonas.


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 Tillandsia dependens Hieron. ex Mez


Tillandsia dependens Hieron. ex Mez = Tillandsia capillaris fo. hieronymi (Mez) L.B. Sm.

Reference: FP 1179: 542; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 896. 
Note: NN  


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 Tillandsia deppeana Steud.



Tillandsia deppeana Steud.

Synonyms: Tillandsia deppeana Baker, Tillandsia deppeana Cham. & Schltdl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 558; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 714. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   According to Smith & Downs (1977) this taxon is known only from Mexico. 


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 Tillandsia deppeana var. tripinnata L.B. Sm.


Tillandsia deppeana var. tripinnata L.B. Sm. = Tillandsia stenoura var. tripinnata (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 707. 


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 Tillandsia diffusa L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia diffusa L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1040. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. Andean II: forests. 1500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Wurdack 1547* (US!), L&oacute;pez et al. 7395 (US)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Cajamarca.


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 Tillandsia disticha Kunth



Tillandsia disticha Kunth

Synonyms: Tillandsia disticha Beer, Tillandsia disticha Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 554; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 777. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Andean I-II, Coastal: dry valleys, lomas. 500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 2365 (US!)
Departments: Cajamarca, La Libertad, Piura, Tumbes.


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 Tillandsia divaricata Benth.


Tillandsia divaricata Benth. = Tillandsia latifolia var. divaricata (Benth.) Mez

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 789. 


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 Tillandsia dombeyi Baker


Tillandsia dombeyi Baker = Tillandsia humilis C. Presl

Reference: FP 1179: 552; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 868. 


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 Tillandsia dubia L.B. Sm.


Tillandsia dubia L.B. Sm. = Vriesea dubia (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm. emend. L.B. Sm. & Read

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1097; Smith, L. B. & R. W. Read, 1977: 138. 


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 Tillandsia dudleyi L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia dudleyi L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 701. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. Andean II: cloud forests. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Dudley 11322* (NA), Dudley 10528 (NA)
Departments: Cajamarca, Cuzco.


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 Tillandsia ecarinata L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia ecarinata L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 904. 
Ecology. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Rauh Rp-20390* (US), L&oacute;pez et al. 4152 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Piura.


$


 Tillandsia elongata Kunth



Tillandsia elongata Kunth

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 Tillandsia elongata var.subimbricata (Baker) L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia elongata var. subimbricata (Baker) L.B. Sm.

Synonyms: Tillandsia elongata subimbricata Baker
Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 773. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 4906 (USM!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Tillandsia elvirae-grossiae Rauh



Tillandsia elvirae-grossiae Rauh

Reference: Rauh, W., 1988: 675. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Rauh 38332* (HEID)
Departments: Amazonas.


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 Tillandsia excelsa Griseb.



Tillandsia excelsa Griseb.

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 Tillandsia excelsa var. latifolia Griseb.


Tillandsia excelsa var. latifolia Griseb. = Tillandsia fendleri Griseb. var. fendleri 

Reference: FP 1179: 558; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 697. 


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 Tillandsia exigua Ule


Tillandsia exigua Ule = Tillandsia parviflora Ruiz & Pav. var. parviflora 

Reference: FP 1179: 539; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1062. 


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 Tillandsia extensa Mez



Tillandsia extensa Mez

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 552; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 965. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean I-II: rocky slopes. 1000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 3296* (B, MOL!), Rauh 24168 (US!)
Departments: Ancash, Lambayeque.


$


 Tillandsia favillosa Mez


Tillandsia favillosa Mez = Tillandsia paleacea C. Presl

Reference: FP 1179: 547; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 863. 


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 Tillandsia fendleri Griseb.



Tillandsia fendleri Griseb.

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 Tillandsia fendleri Griseb. var.fendleri



Tillandsia fendleri Griseb. var. fendleri 

Synonyms: Tillandsia fendleri fendleri Baker, Tillandsia fendleri fendleri Baker, Tillandsia fendleri var. fendleri Griseb.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 558; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 697. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests. 0-3000 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui 3389 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


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 Tillandsia fendleri var.reducta (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia fendleri var. reducta (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm.

Synonyms: Tillandsia fendleri var. reducta L.B. Sm.
Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 698. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean III: rocky slopes. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Smith 11715 
Departments: Ancash, Jun&iacute;n, La Libertad.


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 Tillandsia ferreyrae L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia ferreyrae L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 966. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I: rocky slopes. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 14445* (US, USM!), Hutchison & Wright 5845 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca.


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 Tillandsia flexuosa (Baker) Mez


Tillandsia flexuosa (Baker) Mez = Tillandsia bakeri L.B. Sm.

Reference: FP 1179: 538; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1048. 
Note: nom. illeg.  


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 Tillandsia floribunda Kunth



Tillandsia floribunda Kunth

Synonyms: Tillandsia floribunda (Kunth) Beer, Tillandsia floribunda Willd. ex Schult. & Schult. f.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 549; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 765. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Andean I-II, Coastal: lomas, rocky slopes. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Humboldt & Bonpland 3495* (P), Sag&aacute;stegui et al. 11502 (US!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Ica, Lambayeque, La Libertad, Piura.


$


 Tillandsia fraseri Baker



Tillandsia fraseri Baker

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1064. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Andean II: forests, rocky slopes. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 14101 (US, USM!)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Tillandsia fulgens (Klotzsch ex Beer) Mez


Tillandsia fulgens (Klotzsch ex Beer) Mez = Tillandsia tetrantha var. aurantiaca (Griseb.) L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1054. 


$


 Tillandsia fusca Baker


Tillandsia fusca Baker = Tillandsia paleacea C. Presl

Reference: FP 1179: 547; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 863. 


$


 Tillandsia fusco-guttata Mez


Tillandsia fusco-guttata Mez = Tillandsia ionochroma Andr&eacute; ex Mez

Reference: FP 1179: 566; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 746. 


$


 Tillandsia gayi Baker



Tillandsia gayi Baker

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 561; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 773. 
Ecology. 1500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Gay s.n.* (P), Rauh P-1386 (US!)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Tillandsia gerd-muelleri W. Weber



Tillandsia gerd-muelleri W. Weber

Reference: Weber, W., 1983: 611. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Mueller & Gutte 9441* (LZ)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Tillandsia gilliesii Baker



Tillandsia gilliesii Baker

Synonyms: Tillandsia gilliesii Gillies ex Baker, Tillandsia gilliesii sensu Wittm. non Gillies ex Baker
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 541; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 884. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean II: forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Tate 1196 (NY)
Departments: Arequipa.


$


 Tillandsia gladioliflora Wendl.


Tillandsia gladioliflora Wendl. = Vriesea gladioliflora (Wendl.) Antoine

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1115. 


$


 Tillandsia glauca L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia glauca L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 700. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: forests. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Rauh 20033* (US)
Departments: Piura.


$


 Tillandsia glumaciflora Ule


Tillandsia glumaciflora Ule = Tillandsia rusbyi Baker

Reference: FP 1179: 559. 


$


 Tillandsia grisea Baker


Tillandsia grisea Baker = Tillandsia latifolia Meyen var. latifolia 

Reference: FP 1179: 555; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 787. 


$


 Tillandsia grisebachiana Baker


Tillandsia grisebachiana Baker = Tillandsia biflora Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1179: 565; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 745. 


$


 Tillandsia gutteana W. Weber



Tillandsia gutteana W. Weber

Reference: Weber, W., 1983: 613. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean III: rocky slopes. 3500-4000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Gutte & Gutte 3948* (LZ)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Tillandsia gymnophylla Baker


Tillandsia gymnophylla Baker = Guzmania monostachia (L.) Rusby ex Mez var. monostachia 

Reference: FP 1179: 571; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1336. 


$


 Tillandsia harmsiana L.B. Sm.


Tillandsia harmsiana L.B. Sm. = Vriesea harmsiana (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm.

Reference: FP 1179: 559; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1253. 


$


 Tillandsia heliconioides Kunth


Tillandsia heliconioides Kunth = Vriesea heliconioides var. heliconioides 

Reference: FP 1179: 568; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1111. 


$


 Tillandsia herrerae Harms


Tillandsia herrerae Harms = Tillandsia walteri Mez var. walteri 

Reference: FP 1179: 550; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 726. 


$


 Tillandsia heteromorpha Mez



Tillandsia heteromorpha Mez

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 554; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 808. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean I: rocky slopes. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 3742* (B photo F!), L&oacute;pez & Sag&aacute;stegui 5173 (US!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Lambayeque, La Libertad.


$


 Tillandsia hieronymii Mez


Tillandsia hieronymii Mez = Tillandsia capillaris fo. hieronymi (Mez) L.B. Sm.

Reference: FP 1179: 542; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 896. 
Note: M  


$


 Tillandsia hildae Rauh



Tillandsia hildae Rauh

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 902. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean I: rocky slopes. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Rauh 24329* (US), Hutchison & Wright 3516 (US!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Tillandsia hitchcockiana L.B. Sm.


Tillandsia hitchcockiana L.B. Sm. = Vriesea hitchcockiana (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1246. 


$


 Tillandsia huarazensis Ehlers & W. Till



Tillandsia huarazensis Ehlers & W. Till

Reference: Ehlers, R. & Till, 1988: 21. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Knize s.n.* (WU), Ehlers & Ehlers P7999 (WU)
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Tillandsia humilis C. Presl



Tillandsia humilis C. Presl

Synonyms: Tillandsia humilis Baker, Tillandsia humilis Baker, Tillandsia humilis Mez
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 552; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 868. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. Andean II-III: rocky slopes. 1500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Haenke s.n.* (PR), S&aacute;nchez 1540 (US!)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, La Libertad, Lima.


$


 Tillandsia hutchisonii L.B. Sm.


Tillandsia hutchisonii L.B. Sm. = Mezobromelia hutchisonii (L.B. Sm.) W. Weber & L.B. Sm.

Reference: Weber, W. & L. B. Smith, 1983: 121. 


$


 Tillandsia incana Gillies ex Baker



Tillandsia incana Gillies ex Baker

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 542; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 894. 
Note: Not known from Peru.     


$


 Tillandsia interrupta Mez



Tillandsia interrupta Mez

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 563; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 784. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. Andean II: forests. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 2736 p.p.* (B), Macbride & Featherstone 403 (F)
Departments: Ancash, Lima.


$


 Tillandsia ionochroma Andr&eacute; ex Mez



Tillandsia ionochroma Andr&eacute; ex Mez

Synonyms: Tillandsia ionochroma Andr&eacute;, Tillandsia ionochroma Andr&eacute; sensu Weberb., Tillandsia ionochroma Mez, Tillandsia ionochroma Mez
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 563; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 746. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean II-III: forests. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Smith et al. 10448 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, La Libertad, Piura, Puno.


$


 Tillandsia juncea (Ruiz & Pav.) Poir.



Tillandsia juncea (Ruiz & Pav.) Poir.

Synonyms: Tillandsia juncea (Ruiz & Pav.) Beer, Tillandsia juncea (Ruiz & Pav.) F. Dietr., Tillandsia juncea (Ruiz & Pav.) Spreng., Tillandsia juncea M. Martens & Galeotti, Tillandsia juncea Regel, Tillandsia juncea Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 555; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 916. 
Ecology. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Schunke 9731 (US!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tillandsia juncifolia Regel


Tillandsia juncifolia Regel = Tillandsia juncea (Ruiz & Pav.) Poir.

Reference: FP 1179: 555; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 916. 


$


 Tillandsia juruana Ule


Tillandsia juruana Ule = Tillandsia parae|2nsis Mez

Reference: FP 1179: 549; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 989. 


$


 Tillandsia kalbreyeri Baker


Tillandsia kalbreyeri Baker = Tillandsia fendleri Griseb. var. fendleri 

Reference: FP 1179: 558; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 697. 


$


 Tillandsia kauffmannii Ehlers



Tillandsia kauffmannii Ehlers

Reference: Rauh, W. & E. Gross, 1990: 32. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ehlers & Ehlers P 78105* (WU)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Tillandsia kirschnekii Rauh & W. Till



Tillandsia kirschnekii Rauh & W. Till

Reference: Rauh, W., 1983: 79. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Kirschnek 39770* (HEID)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac.


$


 Tillandsia krahnii Rauh



Tillandsia krahnii Rauh

Reference: Rauh, W., 1981: 107. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Krahn 595* (HEID)
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Tillandsia krukoffiana L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia krukoffiana L.B. Sm.

$


 Tillandsia krukoffiana var.piepenbringii Rauh



Tillandsia krukoffiana var. piepenbringii Rauh

Reference: Rauh, W., 1986: 258. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Rauh 35343* (HEID)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Tillandsia kunthiana Gaudich.


Tillandsia kunthiana Gaudich. = Tillandsia latifolia Meyen var. latifolia 

Reference: FP 1179: 555; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 786. 


$


 Tillandsia kunthiana var. major (Mez) L.B. Sm.


Tillandsia kunthiana var. major (Mez) L.B. Sm. = Tillandsia latifolia var.. major Mez

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 789. 


$


 Tillandsia laminata L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia laminata L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1064. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. Andean II: forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Wurdack 1502* (US!), Barbour 3744 (US)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Tillandsia lanata Mez


Tillandsia lanata Mez = Tillandsia paleacea C. Presl

Reference: FP 1179: 547; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 863. 


$


 Tillandsia landbeckii Phil.



Tillandsia landbeckii Phil.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 541; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 888. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Andean I-II, Coastal: beach, lomas, rocky slopes. 0-2500 m. 
Note: The Flora of Peru lists T. recurvata Auct., non L.,  as a synonym of this species. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 20038 (USM!)
Departments: Ica, Lima, La Libertad.


$


 Tillandsia lanuginosa Gillies ex Baker


Tillandsia lanuginosa Gillies ex Baker = Tillandsia capillaris Ruiz & Pav. fo. capillaris 

Reference: FP 1179: 542; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 893. 


$


 Tillandsia latifolia Meyen



Tillandsia latifolia Meyen

$


 Tillandsia latifolia Meyen var.latifolia



Tillandsia latifolia Meyen var. latifolia 

Synonyms: Tillandsia latifolia latifolia (Gaudich.) Beer, Tillandsia latifolia latifolia (Meyen) C. Koch, Tillandsia latifolia latifolia Baker, Tillandsia latifolia latifolia Baker, Tillandsia latifolia latifolia Gaudich., Tillandsia latifolia latifolia Mez
Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 786. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean I-II, Coastal: beach, lomas, rocky slopes. 0-3000 m. 
Voucher: Meyen s.n.* (B), Ferreyra 757 (US!)
Departments: Ancash, Arequipa, Ica, Lima, La Libertad, Piura, Tacna.


$


 Tillandsia latifolia var..major Mez



Tillandsia latifolia var.. major Mez

Synonyms: Tillandsia latifolia var. major (Mez) L.B. Sm.
Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 789. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Coastal: beach. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   "Possibly only a luxuriant form of the typical variety."  (Smith & Downs, 1977).  
Voucher: Gaudichaud 64* (B), Andersson s.n. S
Departments: Lima.


$


 Tillandsia latifolia var.divaricata (Benth.) Mez



Tillandsia latifolia var. divaricata (Benth.) Mez

Synonyms: Tillandsia latifolia divaricata Benth.
Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 789. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Andean I-II, Coastal: dry valleys, lomas. 0-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 14587 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Cajamarca, Lima, La Libertad, Tumbes.


$


 Tillandsia latifolia var.leucophylla Rauh



Tillandsia latifolia var. leucophylla Rauh

Reference: Rauh, W., 1974: 22. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Rauh 35340* (HEID)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Tillandsia latisepala L.B. Sm.


Tillandsia latisepala L.B. Sm. = Tillandsia pohliana Mez

Reference: FP 1179: 567; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 817. 


$


 Tillandsia leiochlamys Baker


Tillandsia leiochlamys Baker = Tillandsia deppeana Steud.

Reference: FP 1179: 558; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 714. 
Note: NN  


$


 Tillandsia lindeniana Regel


Tillandsia lindeniana Regel = Tillandsia lindenii var. lindenii 

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 844. 


$


 Tillandsia lindenii E. Morren


Tillandsia lindenii E. Morren = Tillandsia cyanea Linden ex K. Koch var. cyanea 

Reference: FP 1179: 551; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 849. 
Note: nom. illeg.  


$


 Tillandsia lindenii Regel



Tillandsia lindenii Regel

$


 Tillandsia lindenii var.lindenii



Tillandsia lindenii var. lindenii 

Synonyms: Tillandsia lindenii lindenii Regel
Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 844. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Wallis s.n.* , Stork 11406 (GH)
Departments: Piura.


$


 Tillandsia lingulata L.


Tillandsia lingulata L. = Guzmania lingulata (L.) Mez var. lingulata 

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1349. 


$


 Tillandsia loliacea Mart. ex Roem. & Schult.



Tillandsia loliacea Mart. ex Roem. & Schult.

Synonyms: Tillandsia loliacea Baker, Tillandsia loliacea Baker, Tillandsia loliacea S. Moore
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 544; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 874. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   According to Smith & Downs (1977), this taxon is not known from Peru. 


$


 Tillandsia longebracteata Meyen


Tillandsia longebracteata Meyen = Tillandsia purpurea Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1179: 560; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 866. 


$


 Tillandsia lopezii L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia lopezii L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 714. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II-III: rocky slopes. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: L&oacute;pez & Sag&aacute;stegui 3307* (US), L&oacute;pez et al. 7563 
Departments: Ancash, La Libertad.


$


 Tillandsia lymanii Rauh



Tillandsia lymanii Rauh

Reference: Rauh, W., 1974: 16. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean I: riversides. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Rauh 35345* (HEID)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Tillandsia macbrideana L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia macbrideana L.B. Sm.

$


 Tillandsia macbrideana var.atroviolacea Rauh



Tillandsia macbrideana var. atroviolacea Rauh

Reference: Rauh, W., 1985: 37. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Rauh 53856* (HEID)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Tillandsia macbrideana var.longifolia Rauh



Tillandsia macbrideana var. longifolia Rauh

Reference: Rauh, W., 1985: 35. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Rauh 53755* (HEID)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Tillandsia macbrideana var.longispica Rauh



Tillandsia macbrideana var. longispica Rauh

Reference: Rauh, W., 1985: 35. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Rauh 35537* (HEID)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Tillandsia macbrideana var.macbrideana



Tillandsia macbrideana var. macbrideana 

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 546; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 810. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 2258* (F!), Wurdack 1165 (US!, USM!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, La Libertad.


$


 Tillandsia macbrideana var.major Rauh



Tillandsia macbrideana var. major Rauh

Reference: Rauh, W., 1985: 35. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Rauh 53778* (HEID)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Tillandsia macrodactylon Mez



Tillandsia macrodactylon Mez

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 558; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 703. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: grasslands. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 2049* (B), Montoya 3654 (US)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, La Libertad.


$


 Tillandsia maculata Ruiz & Pav.



Tillandsia maculata Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Tillandsia maculata (Ruiz & Pav.) Beer
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 557; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 732. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Andean I-II: forests. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 4241 (US!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Tillandsia marantoidea Rusby



Tillandsia marantoidea Rusby

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 775. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Dudley 10349 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Tillandsia marconae W. Till & Vitek



Tillandsia marconae W. Till & Vitek

Reference: Till, W. & E. Vitek, 1985: 144. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Coastal: lomas. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Till & Vitek 820825/137* (WU), Ferreyra 13372 (USM)
Departments: Ica.


$


 Tillandsia mathewsii Baker


Tillandsia mathewsii Baker = Tillandsia humilis C. Presl

Reference: FP 1179: 552; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 868. 


$


 Tillandsia mezii Andr&eacute; ex Mez


Tillandsia mezii Andr&eacute; ex Mez = Tillandsia seemannii (Baker) Mez

Reference: FP 1179: 535; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1022. 


$


 Tillandsia micans L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia micans L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 794. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 9879* (US!, USM!), Iltis & Ugent 961 (US)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Tillandsia mima L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia mima L.B. Sm.

$


 Tillandsia mima var.chiletensis Rauh



Tillandsia mima var. chiletensis Rauh

Reference: Rauh, W., 1977: 24. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean I: riversides. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Rauh 40007* (HEID)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Tillandsia monostachia (L.) L.


Tillandsia monostachia (L.) L. = Guzmania monostachia (L.) Rusby ex Mez var. monostachia 

Reference: FP 1179: 571; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1336. 


$


 Tillandsia morreniana Regel


Tillandsia morreniana Regel = Tillandsia cyanea Linden ex K. Koch var. cyanea 

Reference: FP 1179: 551; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 849. 


$


 Tillandsia multiflora Benth.



Tillandsia multiflora Benth.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 537; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1044. 
Note: The specimen cited in the Flora of Peru is redetermined as  T. multiflora var. decipens by Smith & Downs (1977). 


$


 Tillandsia multiflora var.decipiens (Andr&eacute;) L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia multiflora var. decipiens (Andr&eacute;) L.B. Sm.

Synonyms: Tillandsia multiflora decipiens Andr&eacute;
Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1045. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean I-II: forests. 1000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Ochoa 11679 (US!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Piura.


$


 Tillandsia multiflora var.tomensis L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia multiflora var. tomensis L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1045. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean I-II: forests. 500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 6691 (US!, USM!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Lambayeque, La Libertad, Piura.


$


 Tillandsia murorum Mez


Tillandsia murorum Mez = Tillandsia latifolia Meyen var. latifolia 

Reference: FP 1179: 555; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 789. 


$


 Tillandsia myosura Griseb. ex Baker



Tillandsia myosura Griseb. ex Baker

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 885. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean I-II: forests. 500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Rose 19014 (US)
Departments: Arequipa.


$


 Tillandsia nana Baker



Tillandsia nana Baker

Synonyms: Tillandsia nana Wittm.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 567; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 807. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: rocky slopes. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Davis et al. 1772 (US!, USM!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Tillandsia oroyensis Mez



Tillandsia oroyensis Mez

$


 Tillandsia oroyensis var.oroyensis



Tillandsia oroyensis var. oroyensis 

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 562; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 770; Rauh, W., 1977: 19.. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Andean I-II: forests, rocky slopes. 500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 2523* (B), Sag&aacute;stegui 3388 (US!)
Departments: Ancash, Arequipa, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, La Libertad.


$


 Tillandsia oroyensis var.secundiflora Rauh



Tillandsia oroyensis var. secundiflora Rauh

Reference: Rauh, W., 1977: 19. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Rauh 40402* (HEID)
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Tillandsia orthiantha Standl.



Tillandsia orthiantha Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 540; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1050. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Tillandsia oxapampae Rauh & von Bismarck



Tillandsia oxapampae Rauh & von Bismarck

Reference: Rauh, W., 1985: 20. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Rauh & Bismarck 66069* (HEID)
Departments: Pasco.


$


 Tillandsia oxysepala Baker


Tillandsia oxysepala Baker = Tillandsia latifolia Meyen var. latifolia 

Reference: FP 1179: 555; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 787. 


$


 Tillandsia pachycarpa Baker


Tillandsia pachycarpa Baker = Guzmania monostachia (L.) Rusby ex Mez var. monostachia 

Reference: FP 1179: 571; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1336. 


$


 Tillandsia paleacea C. Presl



Tillandsia paleacea C. Presl

Synonyms: Tillandsia paleacea Baker, Tillandsia paleacea Baker, Tillandsia paleacea Baker, Tillandsia paleacea Mez, Tillandsia paleacea Mez, Tillandsia paleacea Wittm.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 547; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 863. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II, Coastal: lomas, rocky slopes. 0-3000 m. 
Voucher: Herrera 801 (US!)
Departments: Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Arequipa, Cuzco, Huancavelica, Ica, Lima, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tillandsia pallidoflavens Mez



Tillandsia pallidoflavens Mez

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 537; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1045. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. Andean II: forests. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 3298* (B), Rauh 24134 (US!)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, La Libertad.


$


 Tillandsia pampasensis Rauh



Tillandsia pampasensis Rauh

Reference: Rauh, W., 1983: 71. 
Ecology. 2500-3500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Rauh 25913* (HEID), Rauh 26304 (HEID)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Tillandsia paniculata Cham. & Schltdl.


Tillandsia paniculata Cham. & Schltdl. = Tillandsia deppeana Steud.

Reference: FP 1179: 558; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 714. 
Note: NN  


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 Tillandsia parae|2nsis Mez



Tillandsia parae|2nsis Mez

Synonyms: Tillandsia para&euml;nsis Ule
Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 989. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 2895 (US!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tillandsia parkeri Baker


Tillandsia parkeri Baker = Tillandsia spiculosa var. ustulata (Reitz) L.B. Sm.

Reference: FP 1179: 535; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1034. 


$


 Tillandsia parviflora Ruiz & Pav.



Tillandsia parviflora Ruiz & Pav.

$


 Tillandsia parviflora Ruiz & Pav. var.parviflora



Tillandsia parviflora Ruiz & Pav. var. parviflora 

Synonyms: Tillandsia parviflora parviflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Beer, Tillandsia parviflora parviflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Brongn., Tillandsia parviflora parviflora Mez, Tillandsia parviflora parviflora Ule
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 539; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1062. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean I-II: forests. 500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Killip & Smith 24545 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco.


$


 Tillandsia parvifolia Baker


Tillandsia parvifolia Baker = Tillandsia commixa Mez

Reference: FP 1179: 538; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1062. 
Note: nom. nud.  


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 Tillandsia pastensis Andr&eacute;



Tillandsia pastensis Andr&eacute;

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 743. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Without collector name 3955 (US!)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Tillandsia pastensis Andr&eacute; sensu Weberb.


Tillandsia pastensis Andr&eacute; sensu Weberb. = Tillandsia ionochroma Andr&eacute; ex Mez

Reference: FP 1179: 566; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 747. 
Note: nom. illeg.  


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 Tillandsia patula Mez


Tillandsia patula Mez = Vriesea patula (Mez) L.B. Sm.

Reference: FP 1179: 548; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1248. 


$


 Tillandsia pavonii Mez


Tillandsia pavonii Mez = Monotagma laxum (Poepp. & Endl.) Schum.

Reference: FP 1179: 568. 


$


 Tillandsia pendulispica Mez



Tillandsia pendulispica Mez

Synonyms: Tillandsia pendulispica Mez, Tillandsia pendulispica Rusby
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 536; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1040. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean II: forests. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Boeke 2107 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Puno.


$


 Tillandsia penlandii L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia penlandii L.B. Sm.

$


 Tillandsia penlandii L.B. Sm. var.penlandii



Tillandsia penlandii L.B. Sm. var. penlandii 

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1979: 1056. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean II: forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Foster & Smith 7567 (F!)
Departments: Pasco.


$


 Tillandsia pereziana var. canescens Andr&eacute;


Tillandsia pereziana var. canescens Andr&eacute; = Vriesea pereziana var. canescens (Andr&eacute;) Gilmartin

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1258. 


$


 Tillandsia pinnato-digitata Mez



Tillandsia pinnato-digitata Mez

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 562; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 785. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2000-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 2736 e p* (B)
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Tillandsia pityphylla Mart.


Tillandsia pityphylla Mart. = Tillandsia tenuifolia var. vaginata (Wawra) L.B. Sm.

Reference: FP 1179: 566; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 832. 
Note: NN  


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 Tillandsia piurensis L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia piurensis L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 750. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 6616* (US!, USM!)
Departments: Piura.


$


 Tillandsia platyphylla Mez



Tillandsia platyphylla Mez

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 558; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 906. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean I-II: rocky slopes. 500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 3888* (B photo F), Rauh 24572 (US!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Tillandsia platyrhachis Mez



Tillandsia platyrhachis Mez

$


 Tillandsia platyrhachis var.magnifica Rauh & von Bismarck



Tillandsia platyrhachis var. magnifica Rauh & von Bismarck

Reference: Rauh, W., 1985: 6. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. Andean II: forests. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Rauh & Bismarck 66107* (HEID)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Tillandsia platyrhachis var.platyrhachis



Tillandsia platyrhachis var. platyrhachis 

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 551; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 842. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Andean II: forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 24604 (US)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Tillandsia pleiosticha Griseb.


Tillandsia pleiosticha Griseb. = Mezobromelia pleiosticha (Griseb.) Utley & H. Luther

Reference: Utley, J. F. & H. Luther, 1991: 270. 


$


 Tillandsia plicatifolia Ule


Tillandsia plicatifolia Ule = Tillandsia undulifolia Mez

Reference: FP 1179: 535; Luther, pers. comm.. 


$


 Tillandsia pohliana Mez



Tillandsia pohliana Mez

Synonyms: Tillandsia pohliana L.B. Sm.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 567; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 817. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Andean I: forests, rocky slopes. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Rauh 24454 (US!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Tillandsia pomacochae Rauh



Tillandsia pomacochae Rauh

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 700. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Rauh 24554* (US)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Tillandsia propagulifera Rauh



Tillandsia propagulifera Rauh

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 968. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. Amazonian, Andean I: riversides. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Rauh 24346* (HEID), Ferreyra 19430 (US!)
Departments: Cajamarca, La Libertad.


$


 Tillandsia propinqua Gay


Tillandsia propinqua Gay = Tillandsia capillaris fo. virescens (Ruiz & Pav.) L.B. Sm.

Reference: FP 1179: 542; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 895. 


$


 Tillandsia pseudomacbrideana Rauh



Tillandsia pseudomacbrideana Rauh

Reference: Rauh, W., 1985: 26. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Rauh 53774* (HEID)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Tillandsia pseudomicans Rauh



Tillandsia pseudomicans Rauh

Reference: Rauh, W., 1974: 21. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Rauh 25945* (HEID)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac.


$


 Tillandsia pucaraensis Ehlers



Tillandsia pucaraensis Ehlers

Reference: Ehlers, R., 1989: 9. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean I: forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ehlers P7953* (WU)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Tillandsia pugiformis L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia pugiformis L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1026. 
Ecology. 1000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui et al. 10147 (US!)
Departments: Cajamarca, La Libertad, Piura.


$


 Tillandsia pulchella Hook.


Tillandsia pulchella Hook. = Tillandsia tenuifolia var. tenuifolia 

Reference: FP 1179: 566; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 829. 


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 Tillandsia purpurascens Rauh



Tillandsia purpurascens Rauh

Reference: Rauh, W. & E. Gross, 1990: 35. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean II: forests. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Rauh 69427* (HEID)
Departments: Piura.


$


 Tillandsia purpurea Ruiz & Pav.



Tillandsia purpurea Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Tillandsia purpurea (Ruiz & Pav.) Beer, Tillandsia purpurea Beer, Tillandsia purpurea Beer, Tillandsia purpurea C. Presl, Tillandsia purpurea E. Morren ex Baker, Tillandsia purpurea Meyen, Tillandsia purpurea Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 560; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 866. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II, Coastal: lomas, rocky slopes. 0-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (BM), Dillon et al. 2735 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Arequipa, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Ica, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, La Libertad, Moquegua, Piura.


$


 Tillandsia pusilla Gillies ex Baker


Tillandsia pusilla Gillies ex Baker = Tillandsia capillaris fo. virescens (Ruiz & Pav.) L.B. Sm.

Reference: FP 1179: 542; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 895. 


$


 Tillandsia pyramidata Andr&eacute;



Tillandsia pyramidata Andr&eacute;

$


 Tillandsia pyramidata Andr&eacute; var.pyramidata



Tillandsia pyramidata Andr&eacute; var. pyramidata 

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 558; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 703. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Andean II: forests, rocky slopes. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Vargas  8808 (US!)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Madre de Dios.


$


 Tillandsia pyramidata var.vivipara Rauh



Tillandsia pyramidata var. vivipara Rauh

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 703. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Rauh 23686A* (US), Jones & Davidson  (US!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Tillandsia quadrangularis M. Martens & Galeotti


Tillandsia quadrangularis M. Martens & Galeotti = Tillandsia juncea (Ruiz & Pav.) Poir.

Reference: FP 1179: 555; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 916. 


$


 Tillandsia quadriflora Baker


Tillandsia quadriflora Baker = Tillandsia loliacea Mart. ex Roem. & Schult.

Reference: FP 1179: 544; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 874. 
Note: NN  


$


 Tillandsia rauhii L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia rauhii L.B. Sm.

$


 Tillandsia rauhii var.longispica Rauh



Tillandsia rauhii var. longispica Rauh

Reference: Rauh, W. & E. Gross, 1990: 37. 
Ecology. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Rauh 69431* (HEID)
Departments: Lambayeque.


$


 Tillandsia rauhii var.rauhii



Tillandsia rauhii var. rauhii 

Reference: Rauh, W. & E. Gross, 1990: 37; Sag&aacute;stegui-Alva, A. & M. O. Dillon, 1991: 43. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean I: rocky slopes. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Rauh P-379* (US), Sag&aacute;stegui et al. 12420 
Departments: Cajamarca, Piura.


$


 Tillandsia recurvata (L.) L.



Tillandsia recurvata (L.) L.

Synonyms: Tillandsia recurvata (Kunth) Beer, Tillandsia recurvata (L.) Beer, Tillandsia recurvata Kunth, Tillandsia recurvata L.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 542; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 888. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Andean I-III, Coastal: dry valleys, lomas. 500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 10619 (US!)
Departments: Ancash, Arequipa, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, La Libertad, Piura, Tumbes.


$


 Tillandsia recurvifolia Hook.


Tillandsia recurvifolia Hook. = Tillandsia rosea Lindl.

Reference: FP 1179: 566; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 822. 
Note: NN  


$


 Tillandsia reducta L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia reducta L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 762. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 3216* (US), L&oacute;pez & Sag&aacute;stegui 2785 (US!)
Departments: Cajamarca, La Libertad.


$


 Tillandsia restrepoana Andr&eacute;



Tillandsia restrepoana Andr&eacute;

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 752. 
Ecology. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui 6002 (US!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Tillandsia reuteri Rauh



Tillandsia reuteri Rauh

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 708. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Rauh 24555* (HEID)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Tillandsia rhododactyla Mez


Tillandsia rhododactyla Mez = Vriesea rubra (Ruiz & Pav.) Beer

Reference: FP 1179: 569; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1088. 


$


 Tillandsia rigidula Baker


Tillandsia rigidula Baker = Guzmania roezlii (E. Morren) Mez

Reference: FP 1179: 576; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1292. 


$


 Tillandsia roetingii Rauh



Tillandsia roetingii Rauh

Reference: Rauh, W., 1977: 11. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. Andean II: riversides. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Rauh 40105* (HEID)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Tillandsia roezlii E. Morren



Tillandsia roezlii E. Morren

Synonyms: Tillandsia roezlii E. Morren ex Baker, Tillandsia roezlii hort. Linden ex E. Morren
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 562; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 705. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. . 
Voucher: Roezl s.n.* (LG), Dillon et al. s.n. (USM!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, La Libertad.


$


 Tillandsia ropalocarpa Andr&eacute;



Tillandsia ropalocarpa Andr&eacute;

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1057. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean II: forests. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Rauh 20101 (US!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Piura.


$


 Tillandsia rosea Lindl.



Tillandsia rosea Lindl.

Synonyms: Tillandsia rosea Hook.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 566; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 822. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   According to Smith & Downs (1977), this taxon does not occur in Peru.  


$


 Tillandsia rubella Baker



Tillandsia rubella Baker

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 717. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Andean III: forests. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 16830 (USM!)
Departments: Ancash, Cuzco.


$


 Tillandsia rubra Ruiz & Pav.


Tillandsia rubra Ruiz & Pav. = Vriesea rubra (Ruiz & Pav.) Beer

Reference: FP 1179: 558; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1088. 


$


 Tillandsia rubra var. reducta L.B. Sm.


Tillandsia rubra var. reducta L.B. Sm. = Tillandsia fendleri var. reducta (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 698. 


$


 Tillandsia rusbyi Baker



Tillandsia rusbyi Baker

Synonyms: Tillandsia rusbyi Mez, Tillandsia rusbyi Ule
Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 768. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Voucher: Ule 54-P (B)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Tillandsia sagasteguii L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia sagasteguii L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 770. 
Ecology. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui 3390* (US), L&oacute;pez et al. 3952 (US)
Departments: Cajamarca, La Libertad.


$


 Tillandsia saxicola Mez


Tillandsia saxicola Mez = Tillandsia tectorum E. Morren

Reference: FP 1179: 553; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 786. 


$


 Tillandsia scalarifolia Baker


Tillandsia scalarifolia Baker = Tillandsia paleacea C. Presl

Reference: FP 1179: 547; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 863. 


$


 Tillandsia schenckiana Wittm.


Tillandsia schenckiana Wittm. = Tillandsia paleacea C. Presl

Reference: FP 1179: 547; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 863. 


$


 Tillandsia schimperiana Wittm.



Tillandsia schimperiana Wittm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 564; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 734. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean II: forests. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 2296 (GH)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Tillandsia schumanniana (Wittm.) Mez


Tillandsia schumanniana (Wittm.) Mez = Tillandsia adpressa var. tonduziana (Mez) L.B. Sm.

Reference: FP 1179: 539; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1050. 


$


 Tillandsia schunkei L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia schunkei L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 869. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Schunke 2404* (US!)
Departments: Tumbes.


$


 Tillandsia scoparia Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.


Tillandsia scoparia Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. = Tillandsia purpurea Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1179: 561; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 866. 


$


 Tillandsia scorpiura Mez


Tillandsia scorpiura Mez = Tillandsia pendulispica Mez

Reference: FP 1179: 536; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1040. 


$


 Tillandsia seemannii (Baker) Mez



Tillandsia seemannii (Baker) Mez

Synonyms: Tillandsia seemannii (Andr&eacute; ex Mez) L.B. Sm., Tillandsia seemannii Andr&eacute;, Tillandsia seemannii Andr&eacute; ex Mez, Tillandsia seemannii Baker, Tillandsia seemannii Baker
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 534; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1022. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean II: forests. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: L&oacute;pez & Sag&aacute;stegui 3500 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, La Libertad, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tillandsia seemannii var. mezii (Andr&eacute; ex Mez) L.B. Sm.


Tillandsia seemannii var. mezii (Andr&eacute; ex Mez) L.B. Sm. = Tillandsia seemannii (Baker) Mez

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1022. 


$


 Tillandsia sessiliflora Ruiz & Pav.


Tillandsia sessiliflora Ruiz & Pav. = Catopsis sessiliflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez

Reference: FP 1179: 577; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1385. 


$


 Tillandsia sodiroi Mez



Tillandsia sodiroi Mez

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 744. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean II: forests. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 5711 (USM!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Tillandsia somnians L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia somnians L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 710. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean I-II, Coastal: rocky slopes. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: West 3608* (UC), Ferreyra 13463 (US!)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Tillandsia sphaerocephala Baker



Tillandsia sphaerocephala Baker

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 564; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 778. 
Note: Not known from Peru.    The collection cited in the Flora of Peru, Herrera 1146, is redetermined as T. nana by Smith & Downs (1977). 


$


 Tillandsia spiculosa Griseb.



Tillandsia spiculosa Griseb.

$


 Tillandsia spiculosa Griseb. var.spiculosa



Tillandsia spiculosa Griseb. var. spiculosa 

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1033. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean I-II: forests. 500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 18852 (US)
Departments: Madre de Dios, Pasco, Puno.


$


 Tillandsia spiculosa var.ustulata (Reitz) L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia spiculosa var. ustulata (Reitz) L.B. Sm.

Synonyms: Tillandsia spiculosa ustulata Baker, Tillandsia spiculosa ustulata Baker, Tillandsia spiculosa ustulata Burch. ex Baker, Tillandsia spiculosa ustulata E. Morren ex Baker, Tillandsia spiculosa ustulata Mez, Tillandsia spiculosa var. ustulata Reitz
Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1034. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. .. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Wurdack 2280 (US!)
Departments: Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto.


$


 Tillandsia spiraliflora Rauh



Tillandsia spiraliflora Rauh

Reference: Rauh, W., 1976: 8. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Rauh 38567* (HEID)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Tillandsia spiralipetala Gouda



Tillandsia spiralipetala Gouda

Synonyms: Tillandsia spiralipetala L.B. Sm.
Reference: Gouda, E. J., 1986: 165. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Mathews 18 (US!)
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Tillandsia squamulosa Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.


Tillandsia squamulosa Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. = Tillandsia caerulea Kunth

Reference: FP 1179: 545; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 869. 


$


 Tillandsia stenoura Harms



Tillandsia stenoura Harms

$


 Tillandsia stenoura Harms var.stenoura



Tillandsia stenoura Harms var. stenoura 

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 707. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Andean II: forests. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 3435 (F)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Tillandsia stenoura var.mauroi Gilmartin



Tillandsia stenoura var. mauroi Gilmartin

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 707. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Andean II: forests, rocky slopes. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: L&oacute;pez & Sag&aacute;stegui 2759 (US)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Tillandsia stenoura var.tripinnata (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia stenoura var. tripinnata (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm.

Synonyms: Tillandsia stenoura var. tripinnata L.B. Sm.
Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 707. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 4192 (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tillandsia stolpi Philippi


Tillandsia stolpi Philippi = Tillandsia capillaris fo. virescens (Ruiz & Pav.) L.B. Sm.

Reference: FP 1179: 542; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 895. 


$


 Tillandsia straminea Kunth



Tillandsia straminea Kunth

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 561; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 866; Luther, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Coastal: lomas. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 11552 (USM!)
Departments: Arequipa.


$


 Tillandsia streptocarpa Baker



Tillandsia streptocarpa Baker

$


 Tillandsia streptocarpa var. peruviana Ule


Tillandsia streptocarpa var. peruviana Ule = Tillandsia streptocarpa var. streptocarpa 

Reference: FP 1179: 548; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 855. 


$


 Tillandsia streptocarpa var.streptocarpa



Tillandsia streptocarpa var. streptocarpa 

Synonyms: Tillandsia streptocarpa streptocarpa Baker, Tillandsia streptocarpa streptocarpa Britten, Tillandsia streptocarpa var. streptocarpa Ule
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 548; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 855. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Andean I-II: forests, rocky slopes. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Ellenberg 5057 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Apur&iacute;mac, Ayacucho, Cuzco.


$


 Tillandsia strobilantha (Ruiz & Pav.) Poir.


Tillandsia strobilantha (Ruiz & Pav.) Poir. = Guzmania strobilantha (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez

Reference: FP 1179: 573. 


$


 Tillandsia subandina (Ule) Mez ex L.B. Sm.


Tillandsia subandina (Ule) Mez ex L.B. Sm. = Vriesea subandina (Ule) L.B. Sm. & Pittendr.

Reference: FP 1179: 556; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1097. 


$


 Tillandsia subconcolor L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia subconcolor L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 703. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. Andean I-II: forests, rocky slopes. 500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Rauh 20811* (US!), Ferreyra 9223A (USM!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Tillandsia subimbricata Baker


Tillandsia subimbricata Baker = Tillandsia elongata var. subimbricata (Baker) L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 773. 


$


 Tillandsia subulata Vell.


Tillandsia subulata Vell. = Tillandsia tenuifolia var. tenuifolia 

Reference: FP 1179: 566; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 829. 


$


 Tillandsia surinamensis Miq. ex Mez



Tillandsia surinamensis Miq. ex Mez

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 566; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 831. 
Note: pro syn. NN  


$


 Tillandsia tectorum E. Morren



Tillandsia tectorum E. Morren

Synonyms: Tillandsia tectorum C. Koch, Tillandsia tectorum Griseb., Tillandsia tectorum Mez
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 553; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 786. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II: rocky slopes. 500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Wallis s.n.* (BR), Smith 12127 (US!)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, La Libertad, Piura.


$


 Tillandsia tenuifolia L.



Tillandsia tenuifolia L.

$


 Tillandsia tenuifolia var.surinamensis (Mez) L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia tenuifolia var. surinamensis (Mez) L.B. Sm.

Synonyms: Tillandsia tenuifolia surinamensis Miq. ex Mez
Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 830. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Tillandsia tenuifolia var.tenuifolia



Tillandsia tenuifolia var. tenuifolia 

Synonyms: Tillandsia tenuifolia tenuifolia (Hook.) Beer, Tillandsia tenuifolia tenuifolia (Vell.) Beer, Tillandsia tenuifolia tenuifolia Hook., Tillandsia tenuifolia tenuifolia Vell.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 566; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 829. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean II: forests. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 11815 (US!)
Departments: Puno.


$


 Tillandsia tenuifolia var.vaginata (Wawra) L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia tenuifolia var. vaginata (Wawra) L.B. Sm.

Synonyms: Tillandsia tenuifolia vaginata E. Morren, Tillandsia tenuifolia vaginata E. Morren ex Baker, Tillandsia tenuifolia vaginata Mart.
Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 832. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Tillandsia tequendamae Andr&eacute;


Tillandsia tequendamae Andr&eacute; = Vriesea tequendamae (Andr&eacute;) L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1255. 


$


 Tillandsia teres L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia teres L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 905. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean I: rocky slopes. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: L&oacute;pez & Sag&aacute;stegui 5541* (US!), Rauh 24214 (US!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Tillandsia tetrantha Ruiz & Pav.


Tillandsia tetrantha Ruiz & Pav. = Tillandsia biflora Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1179: 565; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 745. 
Note: sensu Grisebach  


$


 Tillandsia tetrantha Ruiz & Pav. var.tetrantha



Tillandsia tetrantha Ruiz & Pav. var. tetrantha 

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 540; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1052. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean II: forests. 1500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA photo F), Wurdack 1345 (US!, USM!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Pasco.


$


 Tillandsia tetrantha var.aurantiaca (Griseb.) L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia tetrantha var. aurantiaca (Griseb.) L.B. Sm.

Synonyms: Tillandsia tetrantha aurantiaca (Klotzsch ex Beer) Mez, Tillandsia tetrantha aurantiaca Griseb., Tillandsia tetrantha aurantiaca Klotzsch ex Beer, Tillandsia tetrantha aurantiaca Wittm.
Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1054. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean I-II: forests. 500-3500 m. 
Voucher: L&oacute;pez & Sag&aacute;stegui 5387 (TRP)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Tillandsia tetrantha var.ramosior L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia tetrantha var. ramosior L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1056. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: disturbed areas. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 5669* (US!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Tillandsia tonduziana Mez


Tillandsia tonduziana Mez = Tillandsia adpressa var. tonduziana (Mez) L.B. Sm.

Reference: FP 1179: 540; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1050. 


$


 Tillandsia tovarensis Mez



Tillandsia tovarensis Mez

Synonyms: Tillandsia tovarensis Harms
Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 723. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean I-II: cloud forests. 1000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Ochoa 11654 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Apur&iacute;mac, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Lambayeque, Puno.


$


 Tillandsia triangularis Rusby


Tillandsia triangularis Rusby = Tillandsia pendulispica Mez

Reference: FP 1179: 536; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1040. 


$


 Tillandsia trichoides Kunth


Tillandsia trichoides Kunth = Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L.

Reference: FP 1179: 543; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 899. 


$


 Tillandsia tricholepis Baker


Tillandsia tricholepis Baker = Tillandsia streptocarpa var. streptocarpa 

Reference: FP 1179: 548; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 855. 


$


 Tillandsia tricholepis var. macrophylla L.B. Sm.


Tillandsia tricholepis var. macrophylla L.B. Sm. = Tillandsia spiralipetala Gouda

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 879; Luther, pers. comm.. 


$


 Tillandsia triglochinoides C. Presl



Tillandsia triglochinoides C. Presl

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 851. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean I: forests. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Rauh & Hirsch P-2125 (US!)
Departments: Piura.


$


 Tillandsia trinitensis Baker


Tillandsia trinitensis Baker = Vriesea chrysostachys var. chrysostachys 

Reference: FP 1179: 569; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1094. 


$


 Tillandsia triticea Burch. ex Baker


Tillandsia triticea Burch. ex Baker = Tillandsia spiculosa var. ustulata (Reitz) L.B. Sm.

Reference: FP 1179: 535; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1034. 


$


 Tillandsia triticea var. ustulata Reitz


Tillandsia triticea var. ustulata Reitz = Tillandsia spiculosa var. ustulata (Reitz) L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1034. 


$


 Tillandsia truxillana L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia truxillana L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 785. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: L&oacute;pez & Sag&aacute;stegui 3296* (US!)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Tillandsia ulei Mez


Tillandsia ulei Mez = Tillandsia rusbyi Baker

Reference: FP 1179: 559; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 768. 


$


 Tillandsia undulata Baker


Tillandsia undulata Baker = Tillandsia loliacea Mart. ex Roem. & Schult.

Reference: FP 1179: 544; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 874. 
Note: NN  


$


 Tillandsia undulatobracteata Rauh


Tillandsia undulatobracteata Rauh = Guzmania undulatobracteata (Rauh) Rauh

Reference: Rauh, W., 1991: 18, 106. 


$


 Tillandsia undulifolia Mez



Tillandsia undulifolia Mez

Synonyms: Tillandsia undulifolia Ule
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 535; Luther, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean I: forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Ule 6665 (B)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tillandsia uniflora Kunth


Tillandsia uniflora Kunth = Tillandsia recurvata (L.) L.

Reference: FP 1179: 542; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 888. 


$


 Tillandsia unispicata Vell.


Tillandsia unispicata Vell. = Aechmea nudicaulis var. cuspidata Baker

Reference: FP 1179: 590; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1979: 1923. 
Note: NN  


$


 Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L.



Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L.

Synonyms: Tillandsia usneoides (L.) Nutt. ex Steud., Tillandsia usneoides (L.) Raf., Tillandsia usneoides Kunth, Tillandsia usneoides L., Tillandsia usneoides Willd. ex Beer.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 543; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 899. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean I-III, Coastal: disturbed areas, forests, lomas. 0-4000 m. 
Voucher: Landrum 4624 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, La Libertad, Piura, Puno, Tumbes.


$


 Tillandsia violacea Klotzsch ex Beer


Tillandsia violacea Klotzsch ex Beer = Tillandsia biflora Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1179: 565. 


$


 Tillandsia violascens Mez



Tillandsia violascens Mez

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 743. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean II: cloud forests. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Tovar 3775 (US!)
Departments: Huancavelica.


$


 Tillandsia virescens Ruiz & Pav.


Tillandsia virescens Ruiz & Pav. = Tillandsia capillaris fo. virescens (Ruiz & Pav.) L.B. Sm.

Reference: FP 1179: 542; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 895. 


$


 Tillandsia viridis Baker


Tillandsia viridis Baker = Tillandsia spiculosa var. ustulata (Reitz) L.B. Sm.

Reference: FP 1179: 535; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1034. 


$


 Tillandsia wagneriana L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia wagneriana L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 838. 
Ecology. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Moore 310* (US), Hutchison & Wright 3690 (UC, USM!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto.


$


 Tillandsia walteri Mez



Tillandsia walteri Mez

$


 Tillandsia walteri Mez var.walteri



Tillandsia walteri Mez var. walteri 

Synonyms: Tillandsia walteri walteri Harms, Tillandsia walteri var. walteri (Harms) Rauh
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 550; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 726; Rauh, W., 1977: 41. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Andean II-III: forests. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 4319* (B), Smith et al. 10481 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Huancavelica, La Libertad, Piura.


$


 Tillandsia walteri var. herrerae (Harms) Rauh


Tillandsia walteri var. herrerae (Harms) Rauh = Tillandsia walteri Mez var. walteri 

Reference: Rauh, W., 1977: 41. 


$


 Tillandsia wangerini Mez


Tillandsia wangerini Mez = Tillandsia ionochroma Andr&eacute; ex Mez

Reference: FP 1179: 566; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 746. 


$


 Tillandsia weberbaueri Mez


Tillandsia weberbaueri Mez = Tillandsia parviflora Ruiz & Pav. var. parviflora 

Reference: FP 1179: 537; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1062. 


$


 Tillandsia werdermannii Harms



Tillandsia werdermannii Harms

Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 548; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 793. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean I, Coastal: lomas. 500-1500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Werdermann 717* (MO!)
Departments: Tacna.


$


 Tillandsia williamsii Rusby


Tillandsia williamsii Rusby = Tillandsia capillaris fo. virescens (Ruiz & Pav.) L.B. Sm.

Reference: FP 1179: 542; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 895. 


$


 Tillandsia wurdackii L.B. Sm.



Tillandsia wurdackii L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 704. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. Andean II: forests. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Wurdack 801* (US!), Le&oacute;n & Young 4453 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tillandsia zamorensis L.B. Sm.


Tillandsia zamorensis L.B. Sm. = Vriesea zamorensis (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1098. 


$


 Tillandsia zaratensis W.A. Weber



Tillandsia zaratensis W.A. Weber

Reference: Weber, W., 1983: 621. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Mueller & Gutte 9520* (LZ)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Tinantia erecta (Jacq.) Schltdl.



Tinantia erecta (Jacq.) Schltdl.

Synonyms: Tinantia erecta Jacq., Tinantia erecta Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1181: 601. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II, Coastal: forests, lomas. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: S&aacute;nchez 2374 (F!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Lima.


$


 Tinantia standleyi Steyerm.



Tinantia standleyi Steyerm.

$


 Tinus guyanensis (Aubl.) Kuntze


Tinus guyanensis (Aubl.) Kuntze = Ardisia guyanensis (Aubl.) Mez

Reference: Mez, C., 1902: 94. 


$


 Tipuana erythrocarpa Ducke


Tipuana erythrocarpa Ducke = Vatairea erythrocarpa (Ducke) Ducke

Reference: Rudd, V. E., 1974: 477; Lima, H. C. de, 1982: 193. 


$


 Tipuana fusca Ducke


Tipuana fusca Ducke = Vatairea fusca (Ducke) Ducke

Reference: FP 21: 274; Rudd, V. E., 1974: 477; Lima, H. C. de, 1982: 192. 


$


 Tiquilia conspicua (I. M. Johnston) A.T. Richardson



Tiquilia conspicua (I. M. Johnston) A.T. Richardson

Synonyms: Tiquilia conspicua I.M. Johnst.
Reference: Richardson, A. T., 1977: 559. 
Ecology: Native herb. Coastal: lomas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Guenther & Buchtien 155* (HBG), Richardson 2126 (MO!)
Departments: Arequipa.


$


 Tiquilia dichotoma (R. & P.) Pers.



Tiquilia dichotoma (R. & P.) Pers.

Synonyms: Tiquilia dichotoma (R. & P.) Lehmann, Tiquilia dichotoma Jussieu, Tiquilia dichotoma Jussieu ex A. DC., Tiquilia dichotoma Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1285: 570; Richardson, A. T., 1977: 542. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Coastal: lomas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n 11/6* (MA!), Sag&aacute;stegui & Mostacero  11368 (MO!)
Departments: Arequipa, Ica, Lambayeque, Lima, La Libertad, Piura.


$


 Tiquilia elongata (Rusby) A.T. Richardson



Tiquilia elongata (Rusby) A.T. Richardson

Synonyms: Tiquilia elongata Rusby
Reference: Richardson, A. T., 1977: 554. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean I, Coastal: disturbed areas. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Williams 2562* (NY!), Richardson 2112 (MO!)
Departments: Arequipa, Tacna.


$


 Tiquilia ferreyrae (I. M. Johnston) A.T. Richardson



Tiquilia ferreyrae (I. M. Johnston) A.T. Richardson

Synonyms: Tiquilia ferreyrae I.M. Johnst.
Reference: Richardson, A. T., 1977: 549. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Coastal: lomas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 2506* (A), Richardson 2100 (MO!)
Departments: Arequipa.


$


 Tiquilia grandiflora (Philippi) A.T. Richardson



Tiquilia grandiflora (Philippi) A.T. Richardson

Synonyms: Tiquilia grandiflora Philippi
Reference: Richardson, A. T., 1977: 547. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II, Coastal: desert, lomas. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Richardson 2124 (MO!)
Departments: Arequipa.


$


 Tiquilia hunteri A.T. Richardson



Tiquilia hunteri A.T. Richardson

Reference: Richardson, A. T., 1977: 556. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Coastal: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Richardson 2106* (TEX)
Departments: Arequipa.


$


 Tiquilia litoralis (Philippi) A.T. Richardson



Tiquilia litoralis (Philippi) A.T. Richardson

Synonyms: Tiquilia litoralis Philippi
Reference: Richardson, A. T., 1977: 557. 
Ecology: Native herb. Coastal: disturbed areas, lomas. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Dillon et al. 4771 (MO!)
Departments: Arequipa, Tacna.


$


 Tiquilia nesiotica (J.T. Howell) A.T. Richardson



Tiquilia nesiotica (J.T. Howell) A.T. Richardson

Synonyms: Tiquilia nesiotica J.T. Howell, Tiquilia nesiotica J.T. Howell
Reference: Richardson, A. T., 1977: 561. 
Ecology: Native herb. Coastal: lomas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez  8623 (MO!)
Departments: Arequipa.


$


 Tiquilia paronychioides (F. Phil.) A.T. Richardson



Tiquilia paronychioides (F. Phil.) A.T. Richardson

Synonyms: Tiquilia paronychioides F. Phil., Tiquilia paronychioides Rusby
Reference: Richardson, A. T., 1977: 561. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I, Coastal: desert, disturbed areas, lomas. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 14829 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Arequipa, Jun&iacute;n, Lambayeque, Lima, La Libertad, Piura, Puno, Tacna.


$


 Tiquilia simulans (I.M. Johnst.) A.T. Richardson



Tiquilia simulans (I.M. Johnst.) A.T. Richardson

Synonyms: Tiquilia simulans I.M. Johnst.
Reference: Richardson, A. T., 1977: 545. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Coastal: lomas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Scolnik 1010* (GH!), Richardson 2150 (MO!)
Departments: Arequipa.


$


 Tiquilia tacnensis A.T. Richardson



Tiquilia tacnensis A.T. Richardson

Reference: Richardson, A. T., 1977: 553. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Richardson 2130* (TEX)
Departments: Tacna.


$


 Tissa stuebelii Hieron.


Tissa stuebelii Hieron. = Spergularia fasiculata Phil.

Reference: FP 1267: 633; Rossbach, R. P., 1940: 158. 


$


 Tithonia pusilla A. Gray


Tithonia pusilla A. Gray = Viguiera pusilla var. pusilla 

Reference: Blake, S. F., 1918: 161. 


$


 Tithymalus huanchahanus Klotzsch & Garcke


Tithymalus huanchahanus Klotzsch & Garcke = Euphorbia huanchahana (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.

Reference: FP 674: 20. 


$


 Tithymalus penicillatus Millsp.


Tithymalus penicillatus Millsp. = Chamaesyce hypericifolia (L.) Millsp.

Reference: FP 674: 20. 


$


 Tithymalus raphanorrhizus Millsp.


Tithymalus raphanorrhizus Millsp. = Euphorbia raphanorrhiza (Millspaugh) J.F. Macbr.

Reference: FP 674: 28. 


$


 Tittelbachia miniata (Planchon & Linden) Klotzsch


Tittelbachia miniata (Planchon & Linden) Klotzsch = Begonia fuchsioides var. miniata (Planchon & Linden) A. DC.

Reference: Smith, L. B., D. C. Wasshausen, J. Golding & C. E. Karegeannes, 1986: 170, 275. 


$


 Tococa aristata Benth.



Tococa aristata Benth.

Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 469; Wurdack, J. J., 1973: 553. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Tococa bullifera Mart. & Schrank ex DC.



Tococa bullifera Mart. & Schrank ex DC.

Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 469; Wurdack, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   Probably not in Peru (Wurdack, pers. comm.) 


$


 Tococa capitata Trail ex Cogn.



Tococa capitata Trail ex Cogn.

Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 470. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: disturbed areas, riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: McDaniel & Rimachi 17275 (US)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Tococa caquetana Sprague



Tococa caquetana Sprague

Synonyms: Tococa caquetana Ule
Reference: Wurdack, J. J., 1980: 282. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Kayap 523 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tococa carolensis Gleason



Tococa carolensis Gleason

Reference: Wurdack, J. J., 1980: 277. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean I-II: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 3683 (US!, USM!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tococa caudata Markgr.



Tococa caudata Markgr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 470. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Revilla 254 (MO!, USM!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Tococa chuivensis Wurdack



Tococa chuivensis Wurdack

Reference: Wurdack, J. J., 1964: 423. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Wurdack 1920* (US!), Stein & Todzia 2222 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Tococa cinnamomea Triana



Tococa cinnamomea Triana

Reference: Wurdack, J. J., 1973: 545. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: forests on white sand, riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Lewis et al. 10305 (US!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Tococa coronata Benth.



Tococa coronata Benth.

$


 Tococa discolor Pilg.



Tococa discolor Pilg.

Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 472; Wurdack, J. J., 1980: 280. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry & Revilla 20912 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Tococa egensis Naudin



Tococa egensis Naudin

Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 470. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: McDaniel 10934 (US!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Tococa erioneura (Cogn.) Wurdack



Tococa erioneura (Cogn.) Wurdack

Synonyms: Tococa erioneura Cogn.
Reference: Wurdack, J. J., 1964: 176. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean I-II: forests. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Klug 3459 (US!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tococa glandulosa Gleason



Tococa glandulosa Gleason

Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 471. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 424* (NY), Williams 1092 (US)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Tococa gonoptera Gleason



Tococa gonoptera Gleason

Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 471. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Amazonian: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 26288* (US), Wasshausen & Encarnaci&oacute;n 1039 (US!, USM!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tococa grandifolia Standl.


Tococa grandifolia Standl. = Miconia paleacea Cogn.

Reference: Wurdack, J. J., 1980: 136. 


$


 Tococa guianensis Aubl.



Tococa guianensis Aubl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 472. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Croat 20283* (US), Killip & Smith 29996 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Tococa heterophylla Don


Tococa heterophylla Don = Clidemia heterophylla (Desr. in Lamarck) Gleason

Reference: FP 761: 487. 


$


 Tococa juruensis Pilg.



Tococa juruensis Pilg.

Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 472. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 9821 (MO!), V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 9821 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tococa lasiostyla Cogn.



Tococa lasiostyla Cogn.

Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 473. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests, riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Mexia 6409 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Tococa longisepala Mart.



Tococa longisepala Mart.

Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 473. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Mexia 6428 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Tococa loretensis Ule



Tococa loretensis Ule

Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 472. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ule 6234 (US)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Tococa mexiae Wurdack



Tococa mexiae Wurdack

Reference: Wurdack, J. J., 1964: 422. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Wurdack 2406* (US!), Mexia 6363 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto.


$


 Tococa micrantha Ule


Tococa micrantha Ule = Tococa caquetana Sprague

Reference: FP 761: 473; Wurdack, J. J., 1980: 282. 


$


 Tococa occidentalis Naudin



Tococa occidentalis Naudin

Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 474; Wurdack, J. J., 1980: 279. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Mathews 1306* (US), S&aacute;nchez 9081 (US!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tococa parviflora Spruce ex Triana



Tococa parviflora Spruce ex Triana

$


 Tococa parviflora subsp.manserichensis Wurdack



Tococa parviflora subsp. manserichensis Wurdack

Reference: Wurdack, J. J., 1964: 424. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Amazonian: riversides. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Wurdack 2092* (US!, USM!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Tococa parviflora subsp.parviflora



Tococa parviflora subsp. parviflora 

Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 474; Wurdack, J. J., 1980: 284. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 4617* (US!), Knapp & Mallet 8407 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tococa quadrialata (Naud.) J.F. Macbr.



Tococa quadrialata (Naud.) J.F. Macbr.

Synonyms: Tococa quadrialata Naudin
Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 474. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, riversides. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 10920 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Tococa sanguinea D. Don


Tococa sanguinea D. Don = Miconia sanguinea (Don,D.) Triana

Reference: FP 761: 450. 


$


 Tococa setifera Pilg.



Tococa setifera Pilg.

$


 Tococa stenoptera Gleason



Tococa stenoptera Gleason

Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 475. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Amazonian: swamps. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 26280* (NY), Stein et al. 3991 (US!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto.


$


 Tococa stephanotricha Naudin



Tococa stephanotricha Naudin

Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 475. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 1844* (US), Allard 20447 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Tococa subciliata (DC.) Triana



Tococa subciliata (DC.) Triana

Synonyms: Tococa subciliata DC.
Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 476. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean I-II: forests. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Klug 3459 (MO!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tococa subnuda Benth.



Tococa subnuda Benth.

Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 476. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Tococa temnoptera Gleason



Tococa temnoptera Gleason

Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 477. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Killip & Smith 26237* (US)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Tococa tetramera Wurdack



Tococa tetramera Wurdack

Reference: Wurdack, J. J., 1972: 204. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: riversides. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 3151* (US), Schunke 4778 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tococa ulei Pilg.



Tococa ulei Pilg.

Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 477. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 29121 (US!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Tococa undabunda J.F. Macbr.



Tococa undabunda J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 477. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 5734* (US), Kayap 1368 (MO!, USM!)
Departments: Amazonas, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Tocoyena amazonica Standl.


Tocoyena amazonica Standl. = Sphinctanthus maculatus Spruce ex K. Schum.

Reference: FP 1365: 100. 


$


 Tocoyena foetida Poepp.



Tocoyena foetida Poepp.

Synonyms: Tocoyena foetida Krause
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 100; Steyermark, J. A., 1965: 197. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Criollo 1837 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Tocoyena williamsii Standl.



Tocoyena williamsii Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 100. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests on white sand. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Williams 8097* (F), Solomon 3453 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tofieldia falcata (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.


Tofieldia falcata (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. = Isidrogalvia falcata Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1187: 630; Cruden, R. W., 1991: 280. 


$


 Tofieldia flexuosa Willd.


Tofieldia flexuosa Willd. = Isidrogalvia falcata Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1187: 630; Cruden, R. W., 1991: 281. 


$


 Tofieldia frigida Kunth


Tofieldia frigida Kunth = Isidrogalvia falcata Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1187: 630; Cruden, R. W., 1991: 281. 


$


 Tofieldia sessiliflora Hook.


Tofieldia sessiliflora Hook. = Isidrogalvia sessiliflora (Hook.) Cruden

Reference: FP 1187: 630; Cruden, R. W., 1991: 279. 
Note: NN  


$


 Toluifera balsamum L.


Toluifera balsamum L. = Myroxylon balsamum (L.) Harms

Reference: FP 21: 241; Duke, J. A., 1981: 173; Dillon, M. O., 1981: 735. 


$


 Tonina fluviatilis Aubl.



Tonina fluviatilis Aubl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1176: 494; Moldenke, H. N., 1979: 208. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests on white sand. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Davidson 3644 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tonsella decussata (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) M. Vahl


Tonsella decussata (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) M. Vahl = Anthodon decussatum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 689: 219. 


$


 Tonsella laevigata Hoffmanns. & Link


Tonsella laevigata Hoffmanns. & Link = Peritassa laevigata (Hoffmanns. & Link) A.C. Sm.

Reference: FP 689: 207. 


$


 Tontanea canescens (Willd. ex Cham. & Schltdl.) Standl.


Tontanea canescens (Willd. ex Cham. & Schltdl.) Standl. = Coccocypselum lanceolatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.

Reference: FP 1365: 82; Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 488. 


$


 Tontanea hirsuta (Bartl. ex DC.) Standl.


Tontanea hirsuta (Bartl. ex DC.) Standl. = Coccocypselum hirsutum Bartl. ex DC.

Reference: Standley, P. C., 1930: 46. 


$


 Tontelea attenuata Miers



Tontelea attenuata Miers

Synonyms: Tontelea attenuata (Miers) Peyr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 689: 210. 
Ecology: Native liana, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-1000 m. 
Note: Treated under Salacia in the Flora of Peru.  
Voucher: Gentry et al. 18978 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Tontelea congestiflora (A. C. Smith) A.C. Sm.



Tontelea congestiflora (A. C. Smith) A.C. Sm.

Synonyms: Tontelea congestiflora A.C. Sm.
Reference: Smith, A. C., 1940: 496. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 22378 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Tontelea coriacea A.C. Sm.



Tontelea coriacea A.C. Sm.

Synonyms: Tontelea coriacea (A.C. Sm.) J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 689: 210. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: forests on white sand. 0-500 m. 
Note: Treated under Salacia in the Flora of Peru.  
Voucher: Castro 144 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto.


$


 Tontelea corymbosa (Huber) A.C. Sm.



Tontelea corymbosa (Huber) A.C. Sm.

Synonyms: Tontelea corymbosa Huber
Reference: Flora Peru: 689: 211. 
Ecology: Endemic liana, tree, treelet. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1500 m. 
Note: Treated under Salacia in the Flora of Peru.  
Voucher: Huber 1433* (F photo), V&aacute;squez et al. 6909 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tontelea decussata (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) Poir.


Tontelea decussata (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) Poir. = Anthodon decussatum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 689: 220. 


$


 Tontelea divergens A.C. Sm.



Tontelea divergens A.C. Sm.

Synonyms: Tontelea divergens (A. C. Smith) J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 689: 211. 
Ecology: Native liana, treelet. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Treated under Salacia in the Flora of Peru.  
Voucher: Klug 4120* (NY), V&aacute;squez et al. 460 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tontelea emarginata A.C. Sm.



Tontelea emarginata A.C. Sm.

Synonyms: Tontelea emarginata (A.C. Sm.) J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 689: 211. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian, Andean I: forests on white sand. 0-1500 m. 
Note: Treated under Salacia in the Flora of Peru.  
Voucher: Klug 3269* (NY), D&iacute;az & Jaramillo 1418 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tontelea fluminensis (Peyr.) A.C. Sm.


Tontelea fluminensis (Peyr.) A.C. Sm. = Tontelea ovalifolia subsp. richardii (Peyritsch) Gorts & Mennega

Reference: FP 689: 212; Mennega, A. M. W., 1992: 233. 
Note: Treated under Salacia in the Flora of Peru.  


$


 Tontelea mauritioides (A.C. Sm.) A.C. Sm.



Tontelea mauritioides (A.C. Sm.) A.C. Sm.

Reference: Smith, A. C., 1940: 481. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 19047 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Tontelea myrsinoides A.C. Sm.



Tontelea myrsinoides A.C. Sm.

Synonyms: Tontelea myrsinoides (A. C. Smith) J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 689: 214. 
Ecology: Endemic liana. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Treated under Salacia in the Flora of Peru.  
Voucher: Klug 712* (NY), Rimachi 4344 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Tontelea nectandrifolia (A.C. Sm.) A.C. Sm.



Tontelea nectandrifolia (A.C. Sm.) A.C. Sm.

Synonyms: Tontelea nectandrifolia A.C. Sm.
Reference: Smith, A. C., 1940: 497. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Huashikat 1486 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Tontelea ovalifolia (Miers) A.C. Sm.



Tontelea ovalifolia (Miers) A.C. Sm.

$


 Tontelea ovalifolia subsp.ovalifolia



Tontelea ovalifolia subsp. ovalifolia 

Synonyms: Tontelea ovalifolia ovalifolia Miers
Reference: Smith, A. C., 1940: 476. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ram&iacute;rez 2012 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto.


$


 Tontelea ovalifolia subsp.richardii (Peyritsch) Gorts & Mennega



Tontelea ovalifolia subsp. richardii (Peyritsch) Gorts & Mennega

Synonyms: Tontelea ovalifolia richardii (Peyr.) A.C. Sm., Tontelea ovalifolia richardii (Peyritsch) A.C. Sm., Tontelea ovalifolia richardii Peyr., Tontelea ovalifolia richardii Peyritsch
Reference: Mennega, A. M. W., 1992: 233. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 2735 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Tontelea richardii (Peyritsch) A.C. Sm.


Tontelea richardii (Peyritsch) A.C. Sm. = Tontelea ovalifolia subsp. richardii (Peyritsch) Gorts & Mennega

Reference: Dodson, C.H. & Robyns, A., 1965: 85; Mennega, A. M. W., 1992: 233. 


$


 Tontelea weberbaueri A.C. Sm.



Tontelea weberbaueri A.C. Sm.

Synonyms: Tontelea weberbaueri (A. C. Smith) J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 689: 215. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: forests. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Treated under Salacia in the Flora of Peru.  
Voucher: Weberbauer 7068* (F)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Toona australis (F. Muell.) Harms



Toona australis (F. Muell.) Harms

Synonyms: Toona australis F. Muell.
Reference: Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 386. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Medina & Daza 112 (MO!)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Toona ciliata var. australis F. Muell.


Toona ciliata var. australis F. Muell. = Toona australis (F. Muell.) Harms

Reference: Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 386. 


$


 Topobea asplundii Wurdack



Topobea asplundii Wurdack

Reference: Wurdack, J. J., 1980: 378. 
Ecology. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry & Smith 36025 (US!)
Departments: Pasco.


$


 Topobea boliviensis Cogn. ex Harms


Topobea boliviensis Cogn. ex Harms = Topobea multiflora (D. Don) Triana

Reference: FP 761: 512. 


$


 Topobea longipes Naudin


Topobea longipes Naudin = Topobea multiflora (D. Don) Triana

Reference: FP 761: 512; Wurdack, J. J., 1980: 380. 


$


 Topobea multiflora (D. Don) Triana



Topobea multiflora (D. Don) Triana

Synonyms: Topobea multiflora (Cogn. ex Harms) Kuntze, Topobea multiflora Cogn. ex Harms, Topobea multiflora D. Don, Topobea multiflora Naudin
Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 512; Wurdack, J. J., 1980: 380. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Huashikat 2205 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, Pasco.


$


 Topobea pascoensis Wurdack



Topobea pascoensis Wurdack

Reference: Wurdack, J. J., 1988: 14. 
Ecology: Endemic treelet. Andean II: shrublands. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Foster et al. 7745* (US)
Departments: Pasco.


$


 Tordylium nodosum L.


Tordylium nodosum L. = Torilis nodosa (L.) Gaertn.

Reference: FP 1293: 97. 


$


 Torenia crustacea (L.) Cham. & Schltdl.


Torenia crustacea (L.) Cham. & Schltdl. = Lindernia crustacea (L.) F. Muell.

Reference: FP 1361: 686. 


$


 Torenia nortenia Steud.


Torenia nortenia Steud. = Torenia thouarsii (Cham. & Schltdl.) Kuntze

Reference: FP 1361: 688; Holmgren, N. H. & U. Molau, 1984: 30. 


$


 Torenia parviflora Buch.-Ham. ex Wall.


Torenia parviflora Buch.-Ham. ex Wall. = Torenia thouarsii (Cham. & Schltdl.) Kuntze

Reference: FP 1361: 688. 


$


 Torenia thouarsii (Cham. & Schltdl.) Kuntze



Torenia thouarsii (Cham. & Schltdl.) Kuntze

Synonyms: Torenia thouarsii (Cham. & Schltdl.) Edwin, Torenia thouarsii Buch.-Ham. ex Wall., Torenia thouarsii Cham. & Schltdl., Torenia thouarsii Steud.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1361: 688; Holmgren, N. H. & U. Molau, 1984: 30. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I: forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 4301 
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Torilis nodosa (L.) Gaertn.



Torilis nodosa (L.) Gaertn.

Synonyms: Torilis nodosa Koso-Pol., Torilis nodosa L., Torilis nodosa Lam., Torilis nodosa Scop.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1293: 97. 
Ecology: Introduced herb. Coastal: disturbed areas, lomas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Asplund 13740 (F)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Torilis peruviana C. Presl


Torilis peruviana C. Presl = Daucus montanus Humb. & Bonpl. ex Spreng.

Reference: FP 1293: 42; Mathias, M. E. & L. Constance, 1976: 65. 


$


 Tornelia laniata Schott


Tornelia laniata Schott = Monstera adansonii var. laniata (Schott) Madison

Reference: Madison, M. T., 1977: 38. 


$


 Tornelia spruceana Schott


Tornelia spruceana Schott = Monstera spruceana (Schott) Engl.

Reference: FP 853: 438; Madison, M. T., 1977: 83. 


$


 Tornelia subpinnata Schott


Tornelia subpinnata Schott = Monstera subpinnata (Schott) Engl.

Reference: FP 853: 438; Madison, M. T., 1977: 60. 


$


 Torresea acreana Ducke


Torresea acreana Ducke = Amburana acreana (Ducke) A.C. Sm.

Reference: FP 21: 243; Smith, A. C., 1940: 30. 


$


 Torresea cearensis Allem&atilde;o


Torresea cearensis Allem&atilde;o = Amburana cearensis (Allem&atilde;o) A.C. Sm.

Reference: FP 21: 243; Lewis, G. P., 1987: 203. 


$


 Torrubia myrtiflora Standl.


Torrubia myrtiflora Standl. = Guapira myrtiflora (Standl.) Little

Reference: FP 1258: 528. 


$


 Torulinium macrocephalum (Liebm.) C.B. Clarke



Torulinium macrocephalum (Liebm.) C.B. Clarke

$


 Torulinium macrocephalum var.eggersii (Boeckl.) C.D. Adams



Torulinium macrocephalum var. eggersii (Boeckl.) C.D. Adams

Synonyms: Torulinium macrocephalum eggersii Boeckl.
Reference: Adams, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: McDaniel & Rimachi 23052 (NY!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Torulinium odoratum (L.) Hooper



Torulinium odoratum (L.) Hooper

Synonyms: Torulinium odoratum (Schrader ex Nees) Steud., Torulinium odoratum J. Presl & C. Presl, Torulinium odoratum L., Torulinium odoratum Nees & Meyen, Torulinium odoratum Rich., Torulinium odoratum Schrader ex Nees
Reference: Adams, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, riversides. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 3469 (NY!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Lambayeque, Lima, La Libertad, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Ucayali.


$


 Touchiroa parivoa Rich. ex DC.


Touchiroa parivoa Rich. ex DC. = Crudia tomentosa (Aubl.) J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Vieira, M. das G. G., 1990: 92. 


$


 Toulicia bullata Radlk.



Toulicia bullata Radlk.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 378. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Note: Identification uncertain.  
Voucher: Tessmann 4152 (NY!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Toulicia reticulata Radlk.



Toulicia reticulata Radlk.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 378. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests on white sand, semi-deciduous forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Revilla 1221 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, Puno, Ucayali.


$


 Tounatea arborescens (Aubl.) Britton


Tounatea arborescens (Aubl.) Britton = Swartzia arborescens (Aubl.) Pittier

Reference: Cowan, R. S., 1968: 180. 


$


 Tounatea cuspidata (Spruce ex Benth.) Taub.


Tounatea cuspidata (Spruce ex Benth.) Taub. = Swartzia cuspidata Spruce ex Benth.

Reference: Cowan, R. S., 1968: 124. 


$


 Tounatea mathewsii (Benth.) Taub.


Tounatea mathewsii (Benth.) Taub. = Cyathostegia mathewsii (Benth.) Schery

Reference: Rudd, V. E., 1968: 389. 


$


 Tounatea myrtifolia (Smith) Taub.


Tounatea myrtifolia (Smith) Taub. = Swartzia myrtifolia Smith var. myrtifolia 

Reference: Cowan, R. S., 1968: 168. 


$


 Tounatea simplex (Sw.) Taub.


Tounatea simplex (Sw.) Taub. = Swartzia simplex (Sw.) Spreng. var. simplex 

Reference: Cowan, R. S., 1968: 174. 


$


 Tournefortia angustiflora Ruiz & Pav.



Tournefortia angustiflora Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1285: 543; Miller, J. S., 1988: 505. 
Ecology: Native shrub, vine. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, seasonally inundated areas, terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (B photo F!), Smith et al. 1033 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tournefortia bicolor Sw.



Tournefortia bicolor Sw.

Synonyms: Tournefortia bicolor Lam.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1285: 543; Miller, J. S., 1988: 506. 
Ecology: Native liana, shrub. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests, disturbed areas, seasonally inundated areas. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 2562 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Tumbes, Ucayali.


$


 Tournefortia breviflora DC.



Tournefortia breviflora DC.

Synonyms: Tournefortia breviflora Vaupel
Reference: Flora Peru: 1285: 544. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Tournefortia buchtienii Killip



Tournefortia buchtienii Killip

Reference: Flora Peru: 1285: 544. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: shrublands. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 6607 (F)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Tournefortia chinchensis Killip



Tournefortia chinchensis Killip

Reference: Flora Peru: 1285: 545. 
Ecology: Native shrub, liana. Andean II: forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 5142* (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Tournefortia cirrhosa Vaupel


Tournefortia cirrhosa Vaupel = Tournefortia psilostachya Kunth

Reference: FP 1285: 550. 


$


 Tournefortia coriacea Vaupel



Tournefortia coriacea Vaupel

Reference: Flora Peru: 1285: 545. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 11093 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tournefortia cuspidata Kunth



Tournefortia cuspidata Kunth

Synonyms: Tournefortia cuspidata A. DC.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1285: 546; Miller, J. S., 1988: 508. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 1644 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Tournefortia floribunda Kunth


Tournefortia floribunda Kunth = Tournefortia psilostachya Kunth

Reference: FP 1285: 550. 


$


 Tournefortia foetidissima L.



Tournefortia foetidissima L.

$


 Tournefortia glabra L.



Tournefortia glabra L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1285: 546; Miller, J. S., 1988: 510. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Berlin 565 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tournefortia hirsutissima L.



Tournefortia hirsutissima L.

Synonyms: Tournefortia hirsutissima (L.) Roem. & Schult.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1285: 546; Miller, J. S., 1988: 511. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Knapp et al. 7401 (MO!)
Departments: Arequipa, Ayacucho, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tournefortia hispidula Ruiz & Pav.


Tournefortia hispidula Ruiz & Pav. = Tournefortia microcalyx (Ruiz & Pav.) I.M. Johnst.

Reference: FP 1285: 548. 


$


 Tournefortia laevigata Lam.


Tournefortia laevigata Lam. = Tournefortia bicolor Sw.

Reference: FP 1285: 543; Miller, J. S., 1988: 506. 


$


 Tournefortia longifolia Ruiz & Pav.



Tournefortia longifolia Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1285: 547. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean I-II: forests. 1000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (B photo F!), Killip & Smith 21920 (F)
Departments: Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco.


$


 Tournefortia loxensis Kunth


Tournefortia loxensis Kunth = Tournefortia polystachya Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1285: 549. 


$


 Tournefortia maculata Jacq.



Tournefortia maculata Jacq.

Synonyms: Tournefortia maculata Poir., Tournefortia maculata Vahl
Reference: Flora Peru: 1285: 547; Miller, J. S., 1988: 515. 
Ecology: Native liana, vine. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests, rocky slopes. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 2305 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tournefortia mapirensis Lingelsh.



Tournefortia mapirensis Lingelsh.

Synonyms: Tournefortia mapirensis Rusby
Reference: Flora Peru: 1285: 548. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Huashikat 289 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto.


$


 Tournefortia microcalyx (Ruiz & Pav.) I.M. Johnst.



Tournefortia microcalyx (Ruiz & Pav.) I.M. Johnst.

Synonyms: Tournefortia microcalyx Ruiz & Pav., Tournefortia microcalyx Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1285: 548. 
Ecology: Native liana, shrub. Andean I-II, Coastal: disturbed areas, rocky slopes. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Cerrate et al. 4245 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Ica, Lima, La Libertad, Piura, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tournefortia obscura A. DC.


Tournefortia obscura A. DC. = Tournefortia cuspidata Kunth

Reference: FP 1285: 546; Miller, J. S., 1988: 509. 


$


 Tournefortia ovalifolia Rusby



Tournefortia ovalifolia Rusby

Reference: Macbride, J. F., 1960: 549. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean II: cloud forests. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Croat 57836 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Tournefortia paniculata Cham.



Tournefortia paniculata Cham.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1285: 547. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry & Smith 44972 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tournefortia peruviana Poir.


Tournefortia peruviana Poir. = Tournefortia maculata Jacq.

Reference: FP 1285: 547. 


$


 Tournefortia polystachya Ruiz & Pav.



Tournefortia polystachya Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Tournefortia polystachya Kunth, Tournefortia polystachya Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1285: 549. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: disturbed areas, forests, grasslands. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz s.n.* (B photo F!), Sag&aacute;stegui et al. 11836 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Apur&iacute;mac, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, La Libertad.


$


 Tournefortia psilostachya Kunth



Tournefortia psilostachya Kunth

Synonyms: Tournefortia psilostachya Kunth, Tournefortia psilostachya Vaupel
Reference: Flora Peru: 1285: 550. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian, Andean I: shrublands. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 3463 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Cuzco, Lambayeque, La Libertad, Loreto.


$


 Tournefortia rufipila Benth.


Tournefortia rufipila Benth. = Heliotropium rufipilum (Benth.) I.M. Johnst.

Reference: FP 1285: 566. 


$


 Tournefortia salzmanii DC.



Tournefortia salzmanii DC.

Reference: Johnston, I. M., 1930: 87. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Woytkwoski 6792 (MO!)
Departments: Lambayeque.


$


 Tournefortia scabrida Kunth



Tournefortia scabrida Kunth

$


 Tournefortia setacea Killip



Tournefortia setacea Killip

Reference: Flora Peru: 1285: 551. 
Ecology: Native liana, shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 5579* (US), Schunke 10500 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Tournefortia subrotunda Rusby


Tournefortia subrotunda Rusby = Tournefortia mapirensis Lingelsh.

Reference: FP 1285: 548. 


$


 Tournefortia synzystachya (Ruiz & Pav.) R. & S.


Tournefortia synzystachya (Ruiz & Pav.) R. & S. = Heliotropium angiospermum Murray

Reference: FP 1285: 557. 


$


 Tournefortia syringaefolia Vahl


Tournefortia syringaefolia Vahl = Tournefortia maculata Jacq.

Reference: FP 1285: 547. 


$


 Tournefortia tarmensis (Krause) J.F. Macbr.



Tournefortia tarmensis (Krause) J.F. Macbr.

Synonyms: Tournefortia tarmensis Krause
Reference: Flora Peru: 1285: 551. 
Ecology: Native liana, shrub. Andean II: riversides. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 1750* (K), Stein et al. 3836 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Tournefortia ternifolia Kunth



Tournefortia ternifolia Kunth

Reference: Flora Peru: 1285: 552. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Humboldt & Bonpland s.n.* (P-H&B), Killip & Smith 21920 (US)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Tournefortia ulei Vaupel



Tournefortia ulei Vaupel

Reference: Flora Peru: 1285: 552. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Ayala 2400 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Lambayeque, Loreto.


$


 Tournefortia undulata Ruiz & Pav.



Tournefortia undulata Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1285: 552. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Coastal: lomas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Tafalla s.n.* (B photo F!), Ferreyra 13965 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Arequipa, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Lima, Puno.


$


 Tournefortia virgata Ruiz & Pav.



Tournefortia virgata Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1285: 553. 
Ecology. 1000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n 139* (MA photo F!), Dillon & Turner 1319 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Puno.


$


 Tournefortia volubilis L.



Tournefortia volubilis L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1285: 547, 550; Miller, J. S., 1988: 520. 
Ecology. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Llatas 744 (MO!)
Departments: Lambayeque.


$


 Tournefortia xapuryensis Vaupel


Tournefortia xapuryensis Vaupel = Tournefortia breviflora DC.

Reference: FP 1285: 544. 
Note: NN  


$


 Tournefortiopsis major Wernham


Tournefortiopsis major Wernham = Guettarda hirsuta (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.

Reference: FP 1365: 118; Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 370. 


$


 Touroulia amazonica Pires & Foster



Touroulia amazonica Pires & Foster

Reference: Flora Peru: 1310: 718. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Touroulia jenmanii Oliv.


Touroulia jenmanii Oliv. = Lacunaria jenmanii (Oliv.) Ducke

Reference: FP 1310: 720. 


$


 Touroulia pteridophylla Radlk.


Touroulia pteridophylla Radlk. = Quiina pteridophylla (Radlkofer) Pires

Reference: FP 1310: 724. 


$


 Tourrettia lappacea (L'Heritier) Willd.



Tourrettia lappacea (L'Heritier) Willd.

Synonyms: Tourrettia lappacea J. Gmelin, Tourrettia lappacea L'Heritier
Reference: Flora Peru: 1362: 100; Gentry, A. H., 1980: 110. 
Ecology: Native vine. Andean I-II, Coastal: cloud forests, lomas. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Dombey 391* (P), Dillon et al. 4657 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Lima, La Libertad, Piura.


$


 Tourrettia volubilis J. Gmelin


Tourrettia volubilis J. Gmelin = Tourrettia lappacea (L'Heritier) Willd.

Reference: FP 1362: 100; Gentry, A. H., 1980: 110. 


$


 Tovaria pendula Ruiz & Pav.



Tovaria pendula Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Flora Peru: 615: 1006; Carlquist, S., 1985: 69. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests. 1000-3000 m. 
Note: Carlquist (1985) treats Tovaria in its own subfamily under the Capparidaceae. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MO!), Smith & Canne 5836 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco.


$


 Tovarochloa peruviana T.D. Macfarl. & But



Tovarochloa peruviana T.D. Macfarl. & But

Reference: Macfarlane, T. D. & P. P.-H. But, 1982: 478. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean III: grasslands.  > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Tovar 2956* (USM!, MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Huancavelica.


$


 Tovomita chachapoyasensis Engl.



Tovomita chachapoyasensis Engl.

Reference: Engler, A., 1923: 7. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Andean II: forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 4336* (B photo F!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Tovomita krukovii A.C. Sm.



Tovomita krukovii A.C. Sm.

Synonyms: Tovomita krukovii D'Arcy
Reference: D'Arcy, W.G., 1981: 1036. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Revilla 1679 (MO!), end  
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto.


$


 Tovomita laurina Planch. & Triana



Tovomita laurina Planch. & Triana

Reference: Engler, A., 1878: 454. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests on white sand, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: van der Werff 10231 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Tovomita longicuneata Engl.


Tovomita longicuneata Engl. = Tovomita weddelliana Triana & Planch.

Reference: Engler, A., 1923: 7; D'Arcy, W.G., 1981: 1023. 


$


 Tovomita microcarpa (Poeppig) Walpers



Tovomita microcarpa (Poeppig) Walpers

Synonyms: Tovomita microcarpa Poepp.
Reference: Planchon, J.-E. & J. Triana., 1860: 284. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Poeppig 1777* (W photo F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Tovomita spruceana Planch. & Triana



Tovomita spruceana Planch. & Triana

Reference: Vesque, J., 1893: 205. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz 796 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Tovomita umbellata Benth. ex Engl.



Tovomita umbellata Benth. ex Engl.

Reference: Engler, A., 1878: 448. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez 686 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Tovomita weberbaueri Engl.



Tovomita weberbaueri Engl.

Reference: Engler, A., 1923: 7. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Andean II: forests. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 1319* (B photo F!)
Departments: Puno.


$


 Tovomita weddelliana Triana & Planch.



Tovomita weddelliana Triana & Planch.

Synonyms: Tovomita weddelliana Engl.
Reference: D'Arcy, W.G., 1981: 1023. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Foster & Wachter 7360 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tovomitopsis membranacea (Planch. & Triana) D'Arcy


Tovomitopsis membranacea (Planch. & Triana) D'Arcy = Chrysochlamys membranacea (Planch. & Triana) Planch. & Triana

Reference: D'Arcy, W.G., 1981: 1034. 


$


 Tovomitopsis membrillensis D'Arcy


Tovomitopsis membrillensis D'Arcy = Tovomita krukovii A.C. Sm.

Reference: D'Arcy, W.G., 1981: 1036. 


$


 Tovomitopsis micrantha (Engl.) D'Arcy


Tovomitopsis micrantha (Engl.) D'Arcy = Chrysochlamys micrantha Engl.

Reference: D'Arcy, W.G., 1981: 1037. 


$


 Tovomitopsis spruceana Engl.



Tovomitopsis spruceana Engl.

Reference: Engler, A., 1878: 458. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean I: forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Spruce 4569* (K)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Toxicodendron striatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze



Toxicodendron striatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze

Synonyms: Toxicodendron striatum Ruiz & Pav., Toxicodendron striatum Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.
Reference: Flora Peru: 681: 255; Barfod, A. S., 1987: 45. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean I-II: forests, cloud forests. 500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Gentry et al. 40155 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Toxosiphon carinatus (Little) Kallunki



Toxosiphon carinatus (Little) Kallunki

Synonyms: Toxosiphon carinatus Little
Reference: Kallunki, J. A., 1992: 121. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Coastal: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: D&iacute;az & V&aacute;squez 3099 (MO!)
Departments: Tumbes.


$


 Toxosiphon macropodus (K. Krause) Kallunki



Toxosiphon macropodus (K. Krause) Kallunki

Synonyms: Toxosiphon macropodus K. Krause
Reference: Kallunki, J. A., 1992: 122. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez et al. 7808 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Toxosiphon trifoliatus (Pilg.) Kallunki



Toxosiphon trifoliatus (Pilg.) Kallunki

Synonyms: Toxosiphon trifoliatus Pilg.
Reference: Flora Peru: 655: 680; Kallunki, J. A., 1992: 118. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Ule 6715* (G!), Klug 2729 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Trachelosiphon colombianum Schltr.


Trachelosiphon colombianum Schltr. = Eurystyles cotyledon Wawra

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Trachelosiphon paranaense Schltr.


Trachelosiphon paranaense Schltr. = Eurystyles cotyledon Wawra

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Trachylobium martianum Hayne


Trachylobium martianum Hayne = Cynometra spruceana Benth. var. spruceana 

Reference: FP 21: 122; Dwyer, J. D., 1958: 333. 


$


 Trachypogon ligularis Nees


Trachypogon ligularis Nees = Trachypogon plumosus (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Nees

Reference: Renvoize, S. A., 1984: 69; Tovar, O., 1986: 56. 


$


 Trachypogon montufari (Kunth) Nees


Trachypogon montufari (Kunth) Nees = Trachypogon plumosus (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Nees

Reference: FP 719: 256; Killeen, T. J., 1990: 191. 


$


 Trachypogon plumosus (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Nees



Trachypogon plumosus (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Nees

Synonyms: Trachypogon plumosus (Kunth) Nees, Trachypogon plumosus Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., Trachypogon plumosus Kunth, Trachypogon plumosus Nees
Reference: Flora Peru: 719: 256; Killeen, T. J., 1990: 191. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II: disturbed areas, rocky slopes. 1000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 4068 (F!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Trachypogon rufus Nees


Trachypogon rufus Nees = Hyparrhenia rufa (Nees) Stapf

Reference: Clayton, W. D., 1969: 60. 


$


 Trachypteris pinnata (Hook. f.) C. Chr.



Trachypteris pinnata (Hook. f.) C. Chr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 7300: 87. 
Ecology: Native herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison 1424 (F!)


$


 Tradescantia ambigua C. Martius ex Roemer & Schultes



Tradescantia ambigua C. Martius ex Roemer & Schultes

Reference: Flora Peru: 1181: 595. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: riversides. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 6495 (F!, MOL!)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Huancavelica.


$


 Tradescantia cordifolia Sw.


Tradescantia cordifolia Sw. = Callisia cordifolia (Sw.) E.S. Anderson & Woodson

Reference: FP 1181: 596. 


$


 Tradescantia cumanensis Kunth


Tradescantia cumanensis Kunth = Tripogandra multiflora (Sw.) Raf.

Reference: FP 1181: 596; Handlos, W., 1975: 280. 


$


 Tradescantia cymbispatha C.B. Clarke



Tradescantia cymbispatha C.B. Clarke

Reference: Flora Peru: 1181: 596. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: terra firme forests. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 778 (F!)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Puno.


$


 Tradescantia elongata G. Meyer


Tradescantia elongata G. Meyer = Tripogandra serrulata (Vahl) Handlos

Reference: FP 1181: 596; Handlos, W., 1975: 301. 


$


 Tradescantia encolea Diels


Tradescantia encolea Diels = Tripogandra encolea (Diels) J.F. Macbr.

Reference: FP 1181: 597; Handlos, W., 1975: 263. 


$


 Tradescantia erecta Jacq.


Tradescantia erecta Jacq. = Tinantia erecta (Jacq.) Schltdl.

Reference: FP 1181: 601. 


$


 Tradescantia geniculata Jacq.


Tradescantia geniculata Jacq. = Gibasis geniculata (Jacq.) Rohweder

Reference: FP 1181: 597; Hunt, D. R., 1986: 118. 


$


 Tradescantia gracilis Kunth


Tradescantia gracilis Kunth = Callisia gracilis (Kunth) D.R. Hunt

Reference: FP 1181: 597; Faden, pers. comm.. 


$


 Tradescantia ionantha Diels


Tradescantia ionantha Diels = Tripogandra ionantha (Diels) J.F. Macbr.

Reference: FP 1181: 597; Handlos, W., 1975: 280; Hunt, pers. comm.. 


$


 Tradescantia latifolia Ruiz & Pav.


Tradescantia latifolia Ruiz & Pav. = Tinantia erecta (Jacq.) Schltdl.

Reference: FP 1181: 601. 


$


 Tradescantia monandra Sw.


Tradescantia monandra Sw. = Callisia monandra (Sw.) Schultes f.

$


 Tradescantia multiflora Sw.


Tradescantia multiflora Sw. = Tripogandra multiflora (Sw.) Raf.

Reference: Handlos, W., 1975: 279. 


$


 Tradescantia navicularis Ortgies



Tradescantia navicularis Ortgies

Reference: Flora Peru: 1181: 598. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Tradescantia pallida (Rose) D. Hunt



Tradescantia pallida (Rose) D. Hunt

Synonyms: Tradescantia pallida Rose


$


 Tradescantia parviflora Ruiz & Pav.


Tradescantia parviflora Ruiz & Pav. = Tripogandra multiflora (Sw.) Raf.

Reference: FP 1181: 598; Handlos, W., 1975: 279; Hunt, pers. comm.. 


$


 Tradescantia reginae L. Linden & Rodigas


Tradescantia reginae L. Linden & Rodigas = Dichorisandra reginae (L. Linden & Rodigas) W. Ludw.

Reference: Faden, pers. comm.. 


$


 Tradescantia spathacea Sw.



Tradescantia spathacea Sw.

Synonyms: Tradescantia spathacea (L'Her.) Hance ex Walp., Tradescantia spathacea (Sw.) Stearn


$


 Tradescantia superba L. Linden & Rodigas


Tradescantia superba L. Linden & Rodigas = Dichorisandra reginae (L. Linden & Rodigas) W. Ludw.

Reference: Hunt, pers. comm.. 


$


 Tradescantia venezuelensis Steyerm.



Tradescantia venezuelensis Steyerm.

Reference: Faden, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 1500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui 9321 (US!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Tradescantia zanonia (L.) Sw.



Tradescantia zanonia (L.) Sw.

Synonyms: Tradescantia zanonia (L.) Kunth, Tradescantia zanonia Hassk., Tradescantia zanonia L.


$


 Tradescantia zebrina Hort ex Bosse



Tradescantia zebrina Hort ex Bosse

Synonyms: Tradescantia zebrina Schnizl.
Reference: Faden, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 12076 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Tragacantha weddelliana Kuntze


Tragacantha weddelliana Kuntze = Astragalus weddellianus (Kuntze) I.M. Johnst.

Reference: Johnston, I. M., 1947: 395. 


$


 Tragia corniculata M. Vahl


Tragia corniculata M. Vahl = Sebastiania corniculata (M. Vahl) M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Reference: FP 674: 189. 
Note: NN  


$


 Tragia fallax M&uuml;ll. Arg.



Tragia fallax M&uuml;ll. Arg.

Reference: Flora Peru: 674: 120. 
Ecology: Native vine. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (G), Woytkowski 7228 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tragia rubiginosa Huft



Tragia rubiginosa Huft

Reference: Huft, M. J., 1989: 1085. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 1176* (US)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Tragia subhastata Poepp.



Tragia subhastata Poepp.

Reference: Flora Peru: 674: 120. 
Ecology: Native vine. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 1935* (W), D&iacute;az et al. 822 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto.


$


 Tragia volubilis L.



Tragia volubilis L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 674: 121; Lourteig, A., 1990: 352. 
Ecology: Native vine. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 5635 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tragus berteronianus Schult.



Tragus berteronianus Schult.

Synonyms: Tragus berteronianus (Spreng.) Scribn., Tragus berteronianus Spreng.
Reference: Anton, A. M., 1981: 58. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I-II, Coastal: desert, disturbed areas, lomas. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 3576 (F!)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Arequipa, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Lima, La Libertad, Piura, Tacna, Tumbes.


$


 Tragus racemosus (L.) All.



Tragus racemosus (L.) All.

Synonyms: Tragus racemosus L.
Reference: Anton, A. M., 1981: 57. 
Ecology: Introduced herb. Coastal: lomas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Dillon et al. 3391 (MO!)
Departments: Arequipa, Tacna.


$


 Trattinnickia aspera (Standl.) Swart



Trattinnickia aspera (Standl.) Swart

Synonyms: Trattinnickia aspera Standl.
Reference: Swart, J. J., 1942: 426. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests on white sand. 0-500 m. 
Note: Accepted questionably in Trattinnickia. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 39145 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Pasco, Ucayali.


$


 Trattinnickia glaziovii Swart



Trattinnickia glaziovii Swart

Reference: Swart, J. J., 1942: 428. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Pariona & Sebastian 41 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Pasco.


$


 Trattinnickia lawrencei Standl.



Trattinnickia lawrencei Standl.

Reference: Swart, J. J., 1942: 427. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Hartshorn 2765 (MO!)
Departments: Pasco.


$


 Trattinnickia laxiflora Swart



Trattinnickia laxiflora Swart

Reference: Flora Peru: 659: 716; Swart, J. J., 1942: 430. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Andean I: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 24795* (US)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Trattinnickia peruviana Loes.



Trattinnickia peruviana Loes.

Reference: Flora Peru: 659: 717; Swart, J. J., 1942: 427. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 290* (B), V&aacute;squez et al. 12048 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto.


$


 Trattinnickia rhoifolia var.lancifolia Cuatrec.



Trattinnickia rhoifolia var. lancifolia Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1957: 425. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 9703 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Pasco.


$


 Trattinnickia rhoifolia Willd.



Trattinnickia rhoifolia Willd.

Reference: Swart, J. J., 1942: 423. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Based on herbarium specimen not determined to variety. 
Voucher: Ruiz 682 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Pasco.


$


 Trema canescens (Kunth) Blume


Trema canescens (Kunth) Blume = Trema micrantha (L.) Blume

Reference: FP 1231: 269; Carauta, J. P. P., 1974: 113. 


$


 Trema chichilea (Planch.) Blume


Trema chichilea (Planch.) Blume = Trema micrantha (L.) Blume

Reference: FP 1231: 269; Carauta, J. P. P., 1974: 114. 


$


 Trema enantiophylla Donn. Sm.


Trema enantiophylla Donn. Sm. = Lozanella enantiophylla (Donn. Sm.) Killip & C.V. Morton

Reference: FP 1231: 273; Carauta, J. P. P., 1974: 109. 


$


 Trema integerrima (Beurl.) Standl.



Trema integerrima (Beurl.) Standl.

Synonyms: Trema integerrima Beurl.
Reference: Carauta, J. P. P., 1974: 114; Standley, P. C., 1933: 55. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, terra firme forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Huashikat 751 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Trema micrantha (L.) Blume



Trema micrantha (L.) Blume

Synonyms: Trema micrantha (Kunth) Blume, Trema micrantha (Kunth) Decne., Trema micrantha (L.) Decne., Trema micrantha (L.) Sw., Trema micrantha (Planch.) Blume, Trema micrantha Klotzsch, Trema micrantha Kunth, Trema micrantha Kunth, Trema micrantha L., Trema micrantha Planch., Trema micrantha Sw.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1231: 269; Carauta, J. P. P., 1974: 114. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, riversides, terra firme forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Solomon 3370 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Apur&iacute;mac, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Tremanthus cordata (Ruiz & Pavon) Pers.


Tremanthus cordata (Ruiz & Pavon) Pers. = Styrax cordatus (Ruiz & Pavon) A.DC.

Reference: FP 1339: 228. 


$


 Tremanthus ferruginea (Ruiz & Pavon) Pers.


Tremanthus ferruginea (Ruiz & Pavon) Pers. = Styrax foveolaria Perk.

Reference: FP 1339: 229. 


$


 Tremanthus oblonga (Ruiz & Pavon) Pers.


Tremanthus oblonga (Ruiz & Pavon) Pers. = Styrax oblongus (Ruiz & Pavon) A. DC.

Reference: FP 1339: 230. 


$


 Tremanthus ovata (Ruiz & Pavon) Pers.


Tremanthus ovata (Ruiz & Pavon) Pers. = Styrax ovatus (Ruiz & Pav.) A. DC.

Reference: FP 1339: 231. 


$


 Trevirana comifera (DC.) D. Dietrich


Trevirana comifera (DC.) D. Dietrich = Diastema comiferum (DC.) Bentham ex Walpers

$


 Trevirana discolor Poepp.


Trevirana discolor Poepp. = Diastema comiferum (DC.) Bentham ex Walpers

Note: nom. illeg.  


$


 Trevirana divaricata Poepp.


Trevirana divaricata Poepp. = Phinaea divaricata (Poepp.) Wiehler

Reference: Wiehler, H., 1978: 64. 


$


 Trevirana mollis Poepp.


Trevirana mollis Poepp. = Diastema hispidum (DC.) Fritsch

Reference: Fritsch, K., 1914: 407. 


$


 Trevirana scabra Poepp.


Trevirana scabra Poepp. = Diastema scabrum (Poepp.) Benth.

Reference: Fritsch, K., 1914: 401. 


$


 Trevirana tenerrima Poepp.


Trevirana tenerrima Poepp. = Diastema tenerrimum (Poepp.) Benth.

$


 Trevirana urticaefolia Poepp.


Trevirana urticaefolia Poepp. = Diastema urticaefolium (Poepp.) Benth.

$


 Trevirania erinoides (DC.) D. Dietrich


Trevirania erinoides (DC.) D. Dietrich = Koellikeria erinoides (DC.) Mansf.

$


 Triadica sebifera (L.) Small



Triadica sebifera (L.) Small

Synonyms: Triadica sebifera (L.) Roxb., Triadica sebifera L.
Reference: Kruijt, R. C, 1989: 99. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Medina 75 (MO!)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Trianaea nobilis Planchon & Linden



Trianaea nobilis Planchon & Linden

Reference: Hunziker, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb, liana, shrub. Andean I: forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Plowman et al. 11722 
Departments: Amazonas, Pasco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Huancavelica.


$


 Trianaea speciosa Soler.



Trianaea speciosa Soler.

$


 Trianosperma cruegeri Naudin


Trianosperma cruegeri Naudin = Cayaponia cruegeri (Naudin) Cogn. in A. DC. & C. DC.

Reference: Jeffrey, C., 1971: 223. 


$


 Trianosperma heterophylla Naudin


Trianosperma heterophylla Naudin = Cayaponia glandulosa (Poepp. & Endl.) Cogn.

Reference: Jeffrey, C., 1971: 221. 


$


 Trianthema monanthogyna L.


Trianthema monanthogyna L. = Trianthema portulacastrum L.

Reference: FP 1262: 562. 


$


 Trianthema portulacastrum L.



Trianthema portulacastrum L.

Synonyms: Trianthema portulacastrum L.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1262: 562. 
Ecology: Native herb. Coastal: lomas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Beetle 26194 (MO!)
Departments: Piura.


$


 Trianthera triandra (Cav.) Wettstein


Trianthera triandra (Cav.) Wettstein = Porodittia triandra (Cav.) G. Don

Reference: FP 1361: 701; Molau, U., 1988: 42. 


$


 Tribulus adscendens Andersson


Tribulus adscendens Andersson = Kallstroemia adscendens (Andersson) B.L. Rob.

Reference: Porter, D. M., 1969: 119; Porter, D. M., 1971: 773. 


$


 Tribulus alatus Delile, nom. illeg.


Tribulus alatus Delile, nom. illeg. = Tribulus longipetalus Viviani

Reference: Porter, D. M., 1967: 455; Porter, D. M., 1971: 2. 


$


 Tribulus cistoides L.



Tribulus cistoides L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 653: 648; Porter, D. M., 1971: 775; Burger, W., 1991: 41. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I, Coastal: disturbed areas. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: L&oacute;pez et al. 7902 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, La Libertad.


$


 Tribulus longipetalus Viviani



Tribulus longipetalus Viviani

Synonyms: Tribulus longipetalus Delile, nom. illeg.
Reference: Porter, D. M., 1971: 2. 
Ecology: Native herb. Coastal: desert. 0-500 m. 
Note: First reported as T. alatus, an illegitimate name (Porter, 1971a: 2 and pers. comm.). 
Voucher: Beetle 26201 (UC)
Departments: Ica, Lambayeque, Piura.


$


 Tribulus maximus L.


Tribulus maximus L. = Kallstroemia maxima (L.) Hook. & Arn.

Reference: FP 653: 650; Porter, D. M., 1969: 98. 
Note: NN  


$


 Tribulus pubescens G. Don


Tribulus pubescens G. Don = Kallstroemia pubescens (G. Don) Dandy

Reference: Porter, D. M., 1969: 109; Burger, W., 1991: 40. 


$


 Tribulus terrestris L.



Tribulus terrestris L.

Synonyms: Tribulus terrestris Andersson ex Svens.
Reference: Flora Peru: 653: 648; Porter, D. M., 1971: 776; Burger, W., 1991: 41. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II, Coastal: disturbed areas. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Mexia 4086 (MO!)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Lima, Moquegua, Piura.


$


 Tribulus terrestris var. sericeus Andersson ex Svens.


Tribulus terrestris var. sericeus Andersson ex Svens. = Tribulus terrestris L.

Reference: FP 653: 648. 


$


 Trichachne insularis (L.) Nees


Trichachne insularis (L.) Nees = Digitaria insularis (L.) Fedde

Reference: FP 719: 200; McVaugh, R., 1983: 142. 


$


 Trichachne sacchariflora (Raddi) Nees


Trichachne sacchariflora (Raddi) Nees = Digitaria insularis (L.) Fedde

Reference: FP 719: 200; Killeen, T. J., 1990: 149. 


$


 Trichachne sellowii M&uuml;ll. Hal.


Trichachne sellowii M&uuml;ll. Hal. = Digitaria sellowii (M&uuml;ll. Hal.) Henrard

Reference: Henrard, J. T., 1934: 99. 


$


 Trichantha acuminata (Benth.) Wiehler


Trichantha acuminata (Benth.) Wiehler = Columnea anisophylla DC.

$


 Trichantha anisophylla (DC.) Wiehler


Trichantha anisophylla (DC.) Wiehler = Columnea anisophylla DC.

$


 Trichantha ciliata Wiehler



Trichantha ciliata Wiehler

$


 Trichantha oblongifolia (Rusby) Wiehler


Trichantha oblongifolia (Rusby) Wiehler = Columnea oblongifolia Rusby

$


 Trichantha peruviana (Zahlbruckner) Wiehler


Trichantha peruviana (Zahlbruckner) Wiehler = Alloplectus peruvianus (Zahlbr.) L.P. Kvist & L.E. Skog

$


 Trichantha purpureovittata Wiehler


Trichantha purpureovittata Wiehler = Columnea purpureovittata (Wiehler) B. Morley

$


 Trichanthera gigantea (Humb. & Bonpl.) Nees



Trichanthera gigantea (Humb. & Bonpl.) Nees

Synonyms: Trichanthera gigantea Humb. & Bonpl.
Reference: Leonard, E. C., 1951: 48. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Williams 4894 (US!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Tumbes.


$


 Trichilia adolfii Harms



Trichilia adolfii Harms

Reference: Palacios, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez 1910 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Trichilia alba C. DC.


Trichilia alba C. DC. = Trichilia elegans A. Juss. subsp. elegans 

Reference: FP 663: 738; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 85. 


$


 Trichilia alternans C. DC.


Trichilia alternans C. DC. = Trichilia surinamensis (Miquel) C. DC.

Reference: FP 663: 733; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 147. 
Note: NN  


$


 Trichilia amplifolia C. DC.


Trichilia amplifolia C. DC. = Trichilia poeppigii C. DC.

Reference: FP 663: 733; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 162. 


$


 Trichilia canjerana Vell.


Trichilia canjerana Vell. = Cabralea canjerana (Vell.) Mart. subsp. canjerana 

Reference: FP 663: 776; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 235. 


$


 Trichilia cardenasii Rusby


Trichilia cardenasii Rusby = Trichilia pleeana (A. Juss.) C. DC.

Reference: FP 663: 734; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 198. 


$


 Trichilia catigua Adr. Jussieu in St. Hilaire



Trichilia catigua Adr. Jussieu in St. Hilaire

Reference: Flora Peru: 663: 734; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 191. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   Specimens cited in the Flora of Peru are redetermined by Pennington et al. (1981) as Trichilia quadrijuga var. quadrijuga and T. pleeana. 


$


 Trichilia cipo (A. Juss.) C. DC.



Trichilia cipo (A. Juss.) C. DC.

Synonyms: Trichilia cipo A. Juss.
Reference: Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 152. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Simpson & Schunke 808 (G)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Trichilia echinocarpa (Vriese) Walpers


Trichilia echinocarpa (Vriese) Walpers = Trichilia pallida Sw.

Reference: FP 663: 744; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 95. 


$


 Trichilia elegans A. Juss.



Trichilia elegans A. Juss.

$


 Trichilia elegans A. Juss. subsp.elegans



Trichilia elegans A. Juss. subsp. elegans 

Synonyms: Trichilia elegans elegans C. DC., Trichilia elegans elegans C. DC., Trichilia elegans elegans C. DC., Trichilia elegans elegans Harms, Trichilia elegans elegans Rusby
Reference: Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 84. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Klug 4366 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, Piura, San Mart&iacute;n, Tumbes, Ucayali.


$


 Trichilia elsae Harms



Trichilia elsae Harms

Reference: Flora Peru: 663: 735; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 189. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Trichilia ernestii Harms


Trichilia ernestii Harms = Trichilia pleeana (A. Juss.) C. DC.

Reference: FP 663: 735; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 198. 


$


 Trichilia euneura C. DC.



Trichilia euneura C. DC.

Reference: Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 42. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 4908 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Trichilia eurysepala Harms


Trichilia eurysepala Harms = Trichilia septentrionalis C. DC.

Reference: FP 663: 736; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 126. 


$


 Trichilia flava C. DC.


Trichilia flava C. DC. = Trichilia pallida Sw.

Reference: FP 663: 737; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 96. 


$


 Trichilia gigantophylla Harms


Trichilia gigantophylla Harms = Trichilia pallida Sw.

Reference: FP 663: 738; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 96. 


$



$


 Trichilia guayaquilensis C. DC.


Trichilia guayaquilensis C. DC. = Trichilia elegans A. Juss. subsp. elegans 

Reference: FP 663: 738; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 84. 


$


 Trichilia guianensis Klotzsch ex C. DC.


Trichilia guianensis Klotzsch ex C. DC. = Trichilia rubra C. DC.

Reference: FP 663: 739; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 75. 


$


 Trichilia havanensis Jacq.



Trichilia havanensis Jacq.

Reference: Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 112. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1500 m. 
Note: Pennington et al. (1981) refer to a single collection of this taxon from Cuzco that may represent an introduced plant. 
Voucher: Mexia 8051 (MO!)


$


 Trichilia hirta L.



Trichilia hirta L.

Reference: Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 51. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests. 0-3000 m. 
Voucher: Simpson & Schunke 533 (NY)
Departments: Madre de Dios, Piura, San Mart&iacute;n, Tumbes, Ucayali.


$


 Trichilia hispida T.D. Penn.



Trichilia hispida T.D. Penn.

Reference: Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 73. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Croat 19007 (MO!, USM!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Trichilia inaequilatera Penn.



Trichilia inaequilatera Penn.

Reference: Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 209. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Revilla et al. 2583 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Trichilia iquitosensis Harms


Trichilia iquitosensis Harms =   

Reference: FP 663: 739; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 162. 


$


 Trichilia lanceolata C. DC.


Trichilia lanceolata C. DC. = Trichilia maynasiana subsp. lanceolata (C. de Candolle) Penn.

Reference: FP 663: 740; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 145. 


$


 Trichilia laxipaniculata Cuatrec.



Trichilia laxipaniculata Cuatrec.

Reference: Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 146. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Note: The collection listed below may belong to this species, but differs from other collections by having 8 anthers. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez 6938 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Trichilia macbrideana Harms


Trichilia macbrideana Harms = Trichilia singularis C. DC.

Reference: FP 663: 740; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 218. 


$


 Trichilia macrophylla Benth.


Trichilia macrophylla Benth. = Trichilia pallida Sw.

Reference: FP 663: 741; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 95. 


$


 Trichilia martiana C. DC.



Trichilia martiana C. DC.

Reference: Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 58. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II: riversides. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: D&iacute;az & Ruiz 937 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Trichilia maynasiana C. DC.



Trichilia maynasiana C. DC.

$


 Trichilia maynasiana C. DC. subsp.maynasiana



Trichilia maynasiana C. DC. subsp. maynasiana 

Synonyms: Trichilia maynasiana maynasiana C. DC.
Reference: Flora Peru: 663: 741; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 145. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig s.n.* (P), Klug 3826 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Trichilia maynasiana subsp.lanceolata (C. de Candolle) Penn.



Trichilia maynasiana subsp. lanceolata (C. de Candolle) Penn.

Synonyms: Trichilia maynasiana lanceolata C. DC.
Reference: Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 145. 
Ecology: Native tree. Region uncertain: seasonally inundated areas. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Spruce 4593* (G-DC)


$


 Trichilia mazanensis J.F. Macbr.



Trichilia mazanensis J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 663: 742; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 45. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 136* (F), Revilla 392 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Trichilia micrantha Benth.



Trichilia micrantha Benth.

Reference: Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 69. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: 	Schunke 5193 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto.


$


 Trichilia montana Kunth


Trichilia montana Kunth = Trichilia pallida Sw.

Reference: FP 663: 742; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 95. 


$


 Trichilia pachypoda (Rusby) C. DeCandolle ex Harms in Engl. & Prantl



Trichilia pachypoda (Rusby) C. DeCandolle ex Harms in Engl. & Prantl

Synonyms: Trichilia pachypoda Rusby
Reference: Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 160. 
Ecology: Native tree. . 
Voucher: Foster & Augspurger 3181 (FHO)
Departments: Madre de Dios.


$


 Trichilia pallida Sw.



Trichilia pallida Sw.

Synonyms: Trichilia pallida (Vriese) Walpers, Trichilia pallida Benth., Trichilia pallida C. DC., Trichilia pallida C. DC., Trichilia pallida C. DC., Trichilia pallida Harms, Trichilia pallida Kunth, Trichilia pallida Vriese
Reference: Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 95. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Klug 2966 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Trichilia peruviana C. DC.


Trichilia peruviana C. DC. = Trichilia pallida Sw.

Reference: FP 663: 743; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 96. 


$


 Trichilia pittieri C. DC.



Trichilia pittieri C. DC.

$


 Trichilia pleeana (A. Juss.) C. DC.



Trichilia pleeana (A. Juss.) C. DC.

Synonyms: Trichilia pleeana C. DC., Trichilia pleeana C. DC., Trichilia pleeana Harms, Trichilia pleeana Rusby
Reference: Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 198. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Klug 3896 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Trichilia poeppigii C. DC.



Trichilia poeppigii C. DC.

Synonyms: Trichilia poeppigii C. DC., Trichilia poeppigii Harms, Trichilia poeppigii Harms
Reference: Flora Peru: 663: 744; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 162. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry 43412 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Trichilia ptariana Steyerm.


Trichilia ptariana Steyerm. = Matayba oligandra Sandwith

Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1988: 1069. 


$


 Trichilia pubescens Rich.


Trichilia pubescens Rich. = Guarea pubescens subsp. pubiflora (Adr. Juss.) Penn.

Reference: Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 295. 


$


 Trichilia quadrijuga Kunth



Trichilia quadrijuga Kunth

$


 Trichilia quadrijuga Kunth subsp.quadrijuga



Trichilia quadrijuga Kunth subsp. quadrijuga 

Synonyms: Trichilia quadrijuga quadrijuga C. DC., Trichilia quadrijuga quadrijuga Poepp.
Reference: Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 155. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 28861 (NY)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Trichilia riedelii C. DC.


Trichilia riedelii C. DC. = Trichilia pallida Sw.

Reference: FP 663: 744; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 96. 


$


 Trichilia rubra C. DC.



Trichilia rubra C. DC.

Synonyms: Trichilia rubra Klotzsch ex C. DC.
Reference: Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 75. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 6775 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Trichilia ruiziana C. DC.


Trichilia ruiziana C. DC. = Trichilia pleeana (A. Juss.) C. DC.

Reference: FP 663: 745; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 198. 


$


 Trichilia septentrionalis C. DC.



Trichilia septentrionalis C. DC.

Synonyms: Trichilia septentrionalis Harms
Reference: Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 126. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, disturbed areas. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 2742 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Trichilia sexanthera C. DC.


Trichilia sexanthera C. DC. = Trichilia maynasiana C. DC. subsp. maynasiana 

Reference: FP 663: 746; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 145. 


$


 Trichilia singularis C. DC.



Trichilia singularis C. DC.

Synonyms: Trichilia singularis Harms
Reference: Flora Peru: 663: 746; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 218. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Croat 20185 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Trichilia solitudinis Harms



Trichilia solitudinis Harms

Reference: Flora Peru: 663: 747; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 187. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Tessmann 5160* (B destroyed, NY), Gentry et al. 65602 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco.


$


 Trichilia stipitata Penn.



Trichilia stipitata Penn.

Reference: Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 117. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Pennington et al. 10099* (FHO)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Trichilia surinamensis (Miquel) C. DC.



Trichilia surinamensis (Miquel) C. DC.

Synonyms: Trichilia surinamensis C. DC.
Reference: Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 147. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Trichilia tarapotoana C. DC.


Trichilia tarapotoana C. DC. = Trichilia pleeana (A. Juss.) C. DC.

Reference: FP 663: 748; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 198. 


$


 Trichilia tocacheana C. DC.


Trichilia tocacheana C. DC. = Trichilia quadrijuga Kunth subsp. quadrijuga 

Reference: FP 663: 748; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 155. 


$


 Trichilia tomentosa Kunth



Trichilia tomentosa Kunth

Reference: Flora Peru: 663: 749; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 63. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests. 500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Humboldt & Bonpland s.n.* (P)
Departments: Cajamarca, Piura.


$


 Trichilia tuberculata (Triana & Planch.) C. DC.



Trichilia tuberculata (Triana & Planch.) C. DC.

Synonyms: Trichilia tuberculata Triana & Planch.
Reference: Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 201. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 55995 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto.


$


 Trichilia ulei C. DC.



Trichilia ulei C. DC.

Reference: Flora Peru: 663: 749; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 184. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ule 6612* (B destroyed MG), Williams 6828 (F)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Trichilia validinervia Harms


Trichilia validinervia Harms = Trichilia elegans A. Juss. subsp. elegans 

Reference: FP 663: 750; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 86. 


$


 Trichilia weberbaueri C. DC.


Trichilia weberbaueri C. DC. = Trichilia elegans A. Juss. subsp. elegans 

Reference: FP 663: 751; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 86. 


$


 Trichilia williamsii Harms


Trichilia williamsii Harms = Trichilia poeppigii C. DC.

Reference: FP 663: 751; Pennington, T. D., B. T. Styles & D. A. H. Taylor, 1981: 162. 


$


 Trichipteris conjugata (Spruce ex Hook.) R.M. Tryon



Trichipteris conjugata (Spruce ex Hook.) R.M. Tryon

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 128. 
Ecology: Native Solitary, globular cactus. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Young & Sullivan 867 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Trichipteris dombeyi (Desv.) Barrington


Trichipteris dombeyi (Desv.) Barrington = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 123. 


$


 Trichipteris frigida (H. Karst.) R.M. Tryon



Trichipteris frigida (H. Karst.) R.M. Tryon

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 126. 
Ecology: Native Solitary, globular cactus. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 1500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Smith 8172 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco.


$


 Trichipteris infesta (Kunze) R.M. Tryon


Trichipteris infesta (Kunze) R.M. Tryon = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 123. 


$


 Trichipteris kalbreyeri (Baker) R.M. Tryon



Trichipteris kalbreyeri (Baker) R.M. Tryon

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 124. 
Ecology: Native Solitary, globular cactus. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 3256 (F!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Trichipteris lasiosora (Mett. ex Kuhn) R.M. Tryon


Trichipteris lasiosora (Mett. ex Kuhn) R.M. Tryon = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 124. 


$


 Trichipteris latevagans (Baker) R.M. Tryon



Trichipteris latevagans (Baker) R.M. Tryon

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 124. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Smith 4799 (GH)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Trichipteris lechleri (Mett.) R.M. Tryon



Trichipteris lechleri (Mett.) R.M. Tryon

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 128. 
Ecology: Native Solitary, globular cactus. Region uncertain: cloud forests, terra firme forests. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: D. Smith 5130 (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Trichipteris microdonta (Desv.) R.M. Tryon



Trichipteris microdonta (Desv.) R.M. Tryon

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 127. 
Ecology: Native Solitary, globular cactus. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Tryon & Tryon 5172 (F!)
Departments: Cuzco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Trichipteris nigra (Mart.) R.M. Tryon



Trichipteris nigra (Mart.) R.M. Tryon

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 124. 
Ecology: Native Solitary, globular cactus. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Barbour 4465 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Trichipteris nigripes (C. Chr.) Barrington



Trichipteris nigripes (C. Chr.) Barrington

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 124. 
Ecology: Native Solitary, globular cactus. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Barbour 4934 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Trichipteris phegopteroides (Hook.) R.M. Tryon



Trichipteris phegopteroides (Hook.) R.M. Tryon

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 127. 
Ecology. . 
Voucher: Spruce 4020* (US), Smith  4452 (GH)


$


 Trichipteris pilosissima (Baker) Barrington



Trichipteris pilosissima (Baker) Barrington

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 125. 
Ecology: Native Solitary, globular cactus. seasonally inundated areas, terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Croat 21153 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Tumbes, Ucayali.


$


 Trichipteris procera (Willd.) R.M. Tryon



Trichipteris procera (Willd.) R.M. Tryon

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 123. 
Ecology: Native Solitary, globular cactus. cloud forests, forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Mexia 6497 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Trichipteris pubescens (Baker) R.M. Tryon



Trichipteris pubescens (Baker) R.M. Tryon

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 126. 
Ecology: Native Solitary, globular cactus. Region uncertain: cloud forests, terra firme forests. 500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Smith 8553 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Trichipteris serpens R.M. Tryon



Trichipteris serpens R.M. Tryon

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 126. 
Ecology: Endemic Solitary, globular cactus. Andean II: cloud forests. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: T  
Voucher: Dudley 10949* (GH)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Trichipteris tryonorum (Riba) R.M. Tryon



Trichipteris tryonorum (Riba) R.M. Tryon

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 128. 
Ecology. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Barbour 3750 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Pasco.


$


 Trichlora peruviana Baker



Trichlora peruviana Baker

Reference: Flora Peru: 1187: 621 ; Vargas C., C., 1969: 35; Smith, D. N., 1988: 129. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: grasslands, rocky slopes. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Sandeman 5470* (K), Ferreyra 6920 (MOL!)
Departments: Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Cuzco, Lima.


$


 Trichlora sandwithii Vargas C.



Trichlora sandwithii Vargas C.

Reference: Vargas C., C., 1969: 35. 
Ecology. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 8748* (CUZ)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac.


$


 Trichloris crinita (Lag.) Parodi



Trichloris crinita (Lag.) Parodi

Synonyms: Trichloris crinita Lag.
Reference: Tovar, O., 1981: 108. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I: disturbed areas. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Tovar 4910 (USM)
Departments: Cajamarca, Huancavelica.


$


 Trichloris pluriflora E. Fourn.



Trichloris pluriflora E. Fourn.

Synonyms: Trichloris pluriflora (E. Fourn.) Clayton
Reference: Flora Peru: 719: 193; Clayton, W. D., 1982: 418. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: S&aacute;nchez & Ruiz 3196 (CPUN!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Trichocentrum albo-coccineum Linden



Trichocentrum albo-coccineum Linden

Synonyms: Trichocentrum albo-coccineum Linden & Reichenbach f.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1510: 68; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Trichocentrum albopurpureum Linden & Reichenbach f.


Trichocentrum albopurpureum Linden & Reichenbach f. = Trichocentrum albo-coccineum Linden

Reference: FP 1473: 761; 1510: 68; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Trichocentrum brevicalcaratum C. Schweinf.



Trichocentrum brevicalcaratum C. Schweinf.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 762; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke s.n.* 
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Trichocentrum longicalcaratum Rolfe



Trichocentrum longicalcaratum Rolfe

Reference: Flora Peru: 1510: 68; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. . 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Trichocentrum maculatum Lindl.


Trichocentrum maculatum Lindl. = Trichocentrum pulchrum Poepp. & Endl.

Reference: FP 1510: 68; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Trichocentrum panduratum C. Schweinf.



Trichocentrum panduratum C. Schweinf.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 764; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig s.n.* , Klug 4260 (MO!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Trichocentrum pulchrum Poepp. & Endl.



Trichocentrum pulchrum Poepp. & Endl.

Synonyms: Trichocentrum pulchrum Lindl., Trichocentrum pulchrum Schltr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 764; 1510: 68; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. . 
Voucher: Pastorelli illus.  


$


 Trichocentrum tigrinum Linden & Rchb. f.



Trichocentrum tigrinum Linden & Rchb. f.

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Coastal: dry valleys. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Pastorelli illus.  


$


 Trichocentrum triquetrum Rolfe



Trichocentrum triquetrum Rolfe

Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 766; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. . 
Note: Christenson (pers. comm.) suggests this should be treated as P. lectrophora triquetra (Rolfe) Cogniaux. 
Voucher: Without collector*  


$


 Trichocentrum verruciferum Schltr.


Trichocentrum verruciferum Schltr. = Trichocentrum pulchrum Poepp. & Endl.

Reference: FP 1510: 68; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Trichocereus cephalomacrostibas (Werdermann & Backeberg) Backeb.


Trichocereus cephalomacrostibas (Werdermann & Backeberg) Backeb. = Echinopsis cephalomacrostibas (Werdermann & Backeberg) Friedrich & G. Rowley

Reference: Backeberg, C. & F. M. Knuth, 1935: 201, 412; Rauh, W., 1958: 359; Rowley, G. D., 1974: 94. 


$


 Trichocereus chalaensis Rauh & Backeb.


Trichocereus chalaensis Rauh & Backeb. = Echinopsis chalaensis (Rauh & Backeb.) Friedrich & G. Rowley

Reference: Backeberg, C., 1956: 20; Rauh, W., 1958: 359; Rowley, G. D., 1974: 94. 


$


 Trichocereus crassiarborescens F. Ritter


Trichocereus crassiarborescens F. Ritter = Weberbauerocereus cuzcoensis Knize

Reference: Ritter, F., 1981: 1357. 
Note: Listed under var. cuzcoensis by Ritter (1981).  


$


 Trichocereus cuzcoensis Britton & Rose


Trichocereus cuzcoensis Britton & Rose = Echinopsis cuzcoensis (Britton & Rose) Friedrich & G. Rowley

Reference: Britton, N. L. & J. N. Rose, 1920: 136; Backeberg, C., 1931: 101; Rowley, G. D., 1974: 95. 


$


 Trichocereus fascicularis Britton & Rose


Trichocereus fascicularis Britton & Rose = Weberbauerocereus weberbaueri (Schumann ex Vaupel) Backeb.

Reference: Ritter, F., 1981: 1354; Hunt, D., 1992: 137. 
Note: Treated under var. weberbaueri by Ritter (1981).  


$


 Trichocereus glaucus F. Ritter


Trichocereus glaucus F. Ritter = Echinopsis glauca (F. Ritter) Friedrich & G. Rowley

Reference: Ritter, F., 1981: 1328; Rowley, G. D., 1974: 95; Hunt, D., 1992: 137. 


$


 Trichocereus glaucus fo. pendens F. Ritter


Trichocereus glaucus fo. pendens F. Ritter = Echinopsis glauca (F. Ritter) Friedrich & G. Rowley

Reference: Rowley, G. D., 1974: 95. 


$


 Trichocereus glaucus var. pendens (F. Ritter) Backeb.


Trichocereus glaucus var. pendens (F. Ritter) Backeb. = Echinopsis glauca (F. Ritter) Friedrich & G. Rowley

$


 Trichocereus knuthianus Backeb.


Trichocereus knuthianus Backeb. = Echinopsis knuthiana (Backeb.) Friedrich & G. Rowley

Reference: Ritter, F., 1981: 1326; Rowley, G. D., 1974: 96; Hunt, D., 1992: 138. 


$


 Trichocereus pachanoi Britton & Rose


Trichocereus pachanoi Britton & Rose = Echinopsis pachanoi (Britton & Rose) Friedrich & G.D. Rowley

Reference: Britton, N. L. & J. N. Rose, 1920: 134; Rowley, G. D., 1974: 96; Madsen, J. E., 1989: 27. 


$


 Trichocereus pachanoi fo. peruvianus (Britton & Rose) F. Ritter


Trichocereus pachanoi fo. peruvianus (Britton & Rose) F. Ritter = Echinopsis pachanoi (Britton & Rose) Friedrich & G.D. Rowley

Reference: Ritter, F., 1981: 1324. 


$


 Trichocereus peruvianus Britton & Rose


Trichocereus peruvianus Britton & Rose = Echinopsis pachanoi (Britton & Rose) Friedrich & G.D. Rowley

Reference: Britton, N. L. & J. N. Rose, 1920: 136; Rauh, W., 1958: 358; Madsen, J. E., 1989: 28. 


$


 Trichocereus puquiensis Rauh & Backeb.


Trichocereus puquiensis Rauh & Backeb. = Echinopsis puquiensis (Rauh & Backeb.) Friedrich & G. Rowley

Reference: Backeberg, C., 1956: 20; Rauh, W., 1958: 360; Rowley, G. D., 1974: 97. 


$


 Trichocereus santaensis Rauh & Backeb.


Trichocereus santaensis Rauh & Backeb. = Echinopsis santaensis (Rauh & Backeb.) Friedrich & G. Rowley

Reference: Backeberg, C., 1956: 20; Rauh, W., 1958: 361; Rowley, G. D., 1974: 97. 


$


 Trichocereus schoenii Rauh & Backeb.


Trichocereus schoenii Rauh & Backeb. = Echinopsis schoenii (Rauh & Backeb.) Friedrich & G. Rowley

Reference: Rauh, W., 1958: 362; Rowley, G. D., 1974: 97; Hunt, D., 1992: 138. 


$


 Trichocereus tacnaensis F. Ritter



Trichocereus tacnaensis F. Ritter

Reference: Ritter, F., 1981: 1326; Hunt, D., 1992: 138. 
Ecology: Endemic Erect, branched or columnar cactus. Andean II: rocky slopes. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: Accepted provisionally by Hunt (1992).  
Voucher: Ritter 155a* (U), Ritter 994 (U)
Departments: Tacna.


$


 Trichocereus tarmaensis Rauh & Backeb.


Trichocereus tarmaensis Rauh & Backeb. = Echinopsis tarmaensis (Rauh & Backeb.) Friedrich & G. Rowley

Reference: Backeberg, C., 1956: 20; Rauh, W., 1958: 364; Rowley, G. D., 1974: 98. 
Note: Treated as a synonym of T. knuthianus by Ritter (1981: 1326).  


$


 Trichocereus tenuiarboreus F. Ritter


Trichocereus tenuiarboreus F. Ritter = Weberbauerocereus cuzcoensis Knize

Reference: Ritter, F., 1981: 1358. 


$


 Trichocereus torataensis F. Ritter



Trichocereus torataensis F. Ritter

Reference: Ritter, F., 1981: 1325; Hunt, D., 1992: 138. 
Ecology: Endemic Erect, branched or columnar cactus. Andean II: rocky slopes, shrublands. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Accepted provisionally by Hunt (1992).  
Voucher: Ritter 1467* (U)
Departments: Moquegua.


$


 Trichocereus tulhuayacensis Ochoa ex Backeb.


Trichocereus tulhuayacensis Ochoa ex Backeb. = Echinopsis tulhuayacensis (Ochoa ex Backeb.) Friedrich & G. Rowley

Reference: Rowley, G. D., 1974: 98; Hunt, D., 1992: 138. 


$


 Trichocereus uyupampensis Backeb.


Trichocereus uyupampensis Backeb. = Echinopsis uyupampensis (Backeb.) Friedrich & G. Rowley

Reference: Backeberg, C. & F. M. Knuth, 1935: 205, 412; Rauh, W., 1958: 359; Rowley, G. D., 1974: 99. 


$


 Trichoceros antennifer (Humb. & Bonpl.) Kunth



Trichoceros antennifer (Humb. & Bonpl.) Kunth

Synonyms: Trichoceros antennifer Humb. & Bonpl., Trichoceros antennifer Kraenzl., Trichoceros antennifer Kunth, Trichoceros antennifer Rchb. f.
Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Nakata 5662 (TNS)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Trichoceros armillatus Rchb. f.


Trichoceros armillatus Rchb. f. = Trichoceros antennifer (Humb. & Bonpl.) Kunth

Reference: FP 1484: 959; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Trichoceros astroglossus Linden ex Bentham & Hooker f.


Trichoceros astroglossus Linden ex Bentham & Hooker f. = Stellilabium astroglossum (Rchb. f.) Schltr.

Reference: FP 1484: 961; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Trichoceros bennettii Dodson & R. Escobar



Trichoceros bennettii Dodson & R. Escobar

Reference: Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 195. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. Andean II: cloud forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Bennett & Bennett 3506* (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Trichoceros muralis var. platyceros (Rchb. f.) C. Schweinf.


Trichoceros muralis var. platyceros (Rchb. f.) C. Schweinf. = Trichoceros platyceros Rchb. f.

Reference: FP 1484: 958; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Trichoceros muscifera Kraenzl.


Trichoceros muscifera Kraenzl. = Trichoceros antennifer (Humb. & Bonpl.) Kunth

Reference: FP 1484: 959; Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Trichoceros parviflorus Kunth


Trichoceros parviflorus Kunth = Trichoceros antennifer (Humb. & Bonpl.) Kunth

Reference: FP 1484: 959; Nakata, M., 1990: 158; Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Trichoceros platyceros Rchb. f.



Trichoceros platyceros Rchb. f.

Synonyms: Trichoceros platyceros (Rchb. f.) C. Schweinf.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1484: 958; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Pastorelli illus.  


$


 Trichoceros tupaipi Rchb. f.



Trichoceros tupaipi Rchb. f.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1484: 960; 1510: 78; Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 196. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: riversides. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Bennett 4213 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Piura.


$


 Trichochloa berteroniana Schult.


Trichochloa berteroniana Schult. = Arundinella berteroniana (Schult.) Hitchc. & Chase

Reference: FP 719: 199. 


$


 Trichochloa microsperma DC.


Trichochloa microsperma DC. = Muhlenbergia microsperma (DC.) Trin.

Reference: FP 719: 171. 


$


 Trichocline beckeri H. Rob.



Trichocline beckeri H. Rob.

Reference: Robinson, H., 1988: 47. 
Ecology. 2500-4000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Becker & Terrones 1305* (CPUN, US), Becker & Terrones 1916 (US)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Trichocline hieracioides (Kunth) Ferreyra


Trichocline hieracioides (Kunth) Ferreyra = Gerbera hieracioides (Kunth) Zardini

Reference: Harling, G., 1991: 56. 


$


 Trichocline oblonga Hieron.


Trichocline oblonga Hieron. = Chaptalia oblonga D. Don

Reference: Harling, G., 1991: 50. 


$


 Trichocline ovalis (D. Don) Hieron.


Trichocline ovalis (D. Don) Hieron. = Chaptalia oblonga D. Don

Reference: Harling, G., 1991: 50. 


$


 Trichocline peruviana Hieron.


Trichocline peruviana Hieron. = Gerbera hieracioides (Kunth) Zardini

Reference: Harling, G., 1991: 56. 


$


 Trichodium nanum J. Presl


Trichodium nanum J. Presl = Agrostis breviculmis Hitchc.

Reference: FP 719: 164; Rugolo de Agrasar, Z. E. & A. M. Molina, 1992: 212. 


$



$


 Trichomanes angustatum Carmich.



Trichomanes angustatum Carmich.

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 83. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Iltis et al. 1064 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Trichomanes angustifrons (F&eacute;e) Wessels Boer



Trichomanes angustifrons (F&eacute;e) Wessels Boer

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 86. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. . 
Voucher: Allard 21383a (US)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Trichomanes ankersii C. Parker ex Hook. & Grev.



Trichomanes ankersii C. Parker ex Hook. & Grev.

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 90. 
Ecology: Native hemiepiphyte. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: 	Mexia 6289 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Pasco.


$


 Trichomanes ankersii var. tanaicum (J.W. Sturm) Sadeb.


Trichomanes ankersii var. tanaicum (J.W. Sturm) Sadeb. = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 89. 


$


 Trichomanes bicorne Hook.



Trichomanes bicorne Hook.

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 91. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: 	Croat 18705 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Trichomanes brachyblastos Kuhn


Trichomanes brachyblastos Kuhn = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 81. 


$


 Trichomanes capillaceum L.



Trichomanes capillaceum L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 84. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 25990 (F!)
Departments: Cuzco, Pasco.


$


 Trichomanes cellulosum Klotzsch



Trichomanes cellulosum Klotzsch

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 85. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Barbour 4455 (MO!, USM)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto.


$


 Trichomanes ciliatum Sw.


Trichomanes ciliatum Sw. = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 67. 


$


 Trichomanes collariatum Bosch



Trichomanes collariatum Bosch

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 81. 
Ecology: Native herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Barbour 5669 (MO!)


$


 Trichomanes crinitum Sw.



Trichomanes crinitum Sw.

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 94. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean I-II: cloud forests. 500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Dudley 13545 (US)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$



$


 Trichomanes cristatum Kaulf.



Trichomanes cristatum Kaulf.

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 97. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 6210 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Pasco, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


$



$


 Trichomanes diaphanum Kunth



Trichomanes diaphanum Kunth

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 83. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Barbour 3904 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Pasco, Puno.


$


 Trichomanes diversifrons (Bory) Mett. ex Sadeb.



Trichomanes diversifrons (Bory) Mett. ex Sadeb.

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 91. 
Ecology: Native herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 6815 (MO!)


$


 Trichomanes ekmanii Wessels Boer


Trichomanes ekmanii Wessels Boer = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 88. 


$


 Trichomanes elatum Desv.


Trichomanes elatum Desv. = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 96. 


$


 Trichomanes elegans Rich.



Trichomanes elegans Rich.

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 84. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Barbour 5165 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Trichomanes elegans Rudge


Trichomanes elegans Rudge = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 91. 


$


 Trichomanes fragile Hedw.


Trichomanes fragile Hedw. = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 69. 


$


 Trichomanes fucoides Sw.


Trichomanes fucoides Sw. = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 56. 


$



$


 Trichomanes heterophyllum Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.


Trichomanes heterophyllum Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 94. 


$


 Trichomanes hirsutum L.


Trichomanes hirsutum L. = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 67. 


$


 Trichomanes hostmannianum (Klotzsch) Kunze



Trichomanes hostmannianum (Klotzsch) Kunze

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 93. 
Ecology: Native herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Croat 20403 (MO!)


$


 Trichomanes humboldtii (Bosch) Lellinger



Trichomanes humboldtii (Bosch) Lellinger

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 94. 
Ecology: Native herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 6211 (MO!)


$


 Trichomanes hymenoides Hedw.



Trichomanes hymenoides Hedw.

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 86. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Wurdack 1513 (F!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto.


$


 Trichomanes hymenophylloides Bosch


Trichomanes hymenophylloides Bosch = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 83. 


$


 Trichomanes kapplerianum J.W. Sturm



Trichomanes kapplerianum J.W. Sturm

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 88. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Moran 3661 (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Trichomanes krausii Hook. & Grev.



Trichomanes krausii Hook. & Grev.

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 87. 
Ecology. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 3991 (BR)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Trichomanes kunzeanum Hook.


Trichomanes kunzeanum Hook. = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 81. 


$


 Trichomanes lambertianum Hook.


Trichomanes lambertianum Hook. = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 95. 


$


 Trichomanes leptophyllum Bosch


Trichomanes leptophyllum Bosch = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 83. 


$


 Trichomanes lucens Sw.



Trichomanes lucens Sw.

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 95. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 1500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Foster 9047 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Trichomanes martiusii C. Presl



Trichomanes martiusii C. Presl

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 94. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry & Revilla 20704 (MO!, USM)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Trichomanes membranaceum L.



Trichomanes membranaceum L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 88. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Mexia 6198 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto.


$


 Trichomanes muscoides Sw.


Trichomanes muscoides Sw. = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 86. 


$


 Trichomanes opacum Bosch


Trichomanes opacum Bosch = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 84. 


$


 Trichomanes pellucens Kunze



Trichomanes pellucens Kunze

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 96. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Barbour 4515 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Trichomanes peltatum Poir.


Trichomanes peltatum Poir. = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 57. 


$


 Trichomanes pennatum Kaulf.


Trichomanes pennatum Kaulf. = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 92. 


$


 Trichomanes pinnatum Hedw.



Trichomanes pinnatum Hedw.

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 92. 
Ecology: Native herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Croat 18475 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Trichomanes plumosum Kunze



Trichomanes plumosum Kunze

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 96. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Smith 2209 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Madre de Dios, Pasco, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Trichomanes plumula C. Presl


Trichomanes plumula C. Presl = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 95. 


$


 Trichomanes poeppigii C. Presl


Trichomanes poeppigii C. Presl = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 89. 


$


 Trichomanes polyanthos Sw.


Trichomanes polyanthos Sw. = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 59. 


$


 Trichomanes polypodioides L.



Trichomanes polypodioides L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 89. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Foster et al. 10713 (F!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco.


$


 Trichomanes prieurii Kunze


Trichomanes prieurii Kunze = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 84. 


$


 Trichomanes punctatum subsp.sphenoides (Kunze) Wessels Boer



Trichomanes punctatum subsp. sphenoides (Kunze) Wessels Boer

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 86. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: McDaniel 11381 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Pasco.


$


 Trichomanes pyxidiferum L.



Trichomanes pyxidiferum L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 82. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 4761 (US)
Departments: Amazonas, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Trichomanes radicans Sw.



Trichomanes radicans Sw.

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 81. 
Ecology: Native herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Stork & Horton 9501 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Trichomanes radicans var. kunzeanum (Hook.) Duek & Lellinger


Trichomanes radicans var. kunzeanum (Hook.) Duek & Lellinger = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 81. 


$


 Trichomanes reptans Sw.



Trichomanes reptans Sw.

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 87. 
Ecology: Native herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Barbour 3903 (MO!, USM)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Trichomanes rigidum Sw.



Trichomanes rigidum Sw.

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 85. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Croat 20927 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Trichomanes rupestre (Raddi) Bosch



Trichomanes rupestre (Raddi) Bosch

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 82. 
Ecology: Native herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Mexia 8221 (MO!)


$


 Trichomanes sellowianum C. Presl


Trichomanes sellowianum C. Presl = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 97. 


$


 Trichomanes sphenoides Kunze


Trichomanes sphenoides Kunze = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 86. 


$


 Trichomanes tanaicum J.W. Sturm



Trichomanes tanaicum J.W. Sturm

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 89. 
Ecology: Native hemiepiphyte. Region uncertain: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 92 (F!)
Departments: Loreto, Ucayali.


$


 Trichomanes tenerum Spreng.


Trichomanes tenerum Spreng. = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 83. 


$


 Trichomanes trollii Bergdolt



Trichomanes trollii Bergdolt

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 91. 
Ecology: Native herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Smith 2001 (MO!)


$


 Trichomanes tuerckheimii H. Christ



Trichomanes tuerckheimii H. Christ

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 90. 
Ecology: Native hemiepiphyte. Region uncertain: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ule 6228* (P)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Trichomanes undulatum Bosch


Trichomanes undulatum Bosch = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 97. 


$


 Trichomanes undulatum Sw.


Trichomanes undulatum Sw. = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 64. 


$


 Trichomanes vandenboschii P.G. Windisch



Trichomanes vandenboschii P.G. Windisch

Reference: Flora Peru: 2132: 97. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 6288 (GH)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Trichoneura weberbaueri Pilg.



Trichoneura weberbaueri Pilg.

Reference: Flora Peru: 719: 188. 
Ecology. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 5345* (B), Sag&aacute;stegui & Sag&aacute;stegui 14133 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Lima.


$


 Trichopilia albida H. Wendl.



Trichopilia albida H. Wendl.

Reference: Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 197. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean II: forests. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Bennett & Bennett 3429 (MO)
Departments: Amazonas, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Trichopilia brevis Rolfe



Trichopilia brevis Rolfe

Reference: Flora Peru: 1484: 788; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. . 
Voucher: Without collector*  


$


 Trichopilia fragrans (Lindl.) Rchb. f.



Trichopilia fragrans (Lindl.) Rchb. f.

$


 Trichopilia fragrans var.fragrans



Trichopilia fragrans var. fragrans 

Synonyms: Trichopilia fragrans fragrans Lindl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1484: 788; Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 198. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean II: cloud forests. 1500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Bennett & Schunke 454 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Trichopilia fragrans var. grata (Reichenbach f.) C. Schweinf.


Trichopilia fragrans var. grata (Reichenbach f.) C. Schweinf. = Trichopilia grata Rchb. f.

Reference: FP 1484: 789; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Note: NN  


$


 Trichopilia gracilis C. Schweinf.



Trichopilia gracilis C. Schweinf.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1484: 789. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean II: forests. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 35473* 
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Trichopilia grata Rchb. f.



Trichopilia grata Rchb. f.

Synonyms: Trichopilia grata (Reichenbach f.) C. Schweinf.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1484: 789; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Note: Not known from Peru. . Known from Ecuador.  


$


 Trichopilia hymenantha Rchb. f.


Trichopilia hymenantha Rchb. f. = Leucohyle subulata (Sw.) Schltr.

Reference: FP 1484: 793; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Trichopilia juninensis C. Schweinf.



Trichopilia juninensis C. Schweinf.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1484: 791; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 1299* 
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Trichopilia laxa (Lindley) Rchb. f.



Trichopilia laxa (Lindley) Rchb. f.

Synonyms: Trichopilia laxa Lindl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1510: 72; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. . 
Voucher: Pastorelli illus.  


$


 Trichopilia peruviana Kraenzl.



Trichopilia peruviana Kraenzl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1484: 791; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 1299* 
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Trichopilia sanguinolenta (Lindl.) Rchb. f.


Trichopilia sanguinolenta (Lindl.) Rchb. f. = Helcia sanguinolenta Lindl.

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Trichopilia subulata (Sw.) Rchb. f.


Trichopilia subulata (Sw.) Rchb. f. = Leucohyle subulata (Sw.) Schltr.

Reference: FP 1484: 791; Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Trichosalpinx arbuscula (Lindl.) Luer



Trichosalpinx arbuscula (Lindl.) Luer

Synonyms: Trichosalpinx arbuscula (Lindl.) Kuntze, Trichosalpinx arbuscula (Lindl.) Kuntze, Trichosalpinx arbuscula (Rchb. f. & Warsz.) Luer, Trichosalpinx arbuscula Lindl., Trichosalpinx arbuscula Lindl., Trichosalpinx arbuscula Rchb. f. & Warsz., Trichosalpinx arbuscula Schltr.
Reference: Luer, C. A., 1983: 394; Dodson & Luer, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. . 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Trichosalpinx brevispicata (C. Schweinf.) Luer



Trichosalpinx brevispicata (C. Schweinf.) Luer

Synonyms: Trichosalpinx brevispicata C. Schweinf.
Reference: Luer, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 3838* 
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Trichosalpinx cedralensis (Ames) Luer



Trichosalpinx cedralensis (Ames) Luer

Synonyms: Trichosalpinx cedralensis Ames
Reference: Luer, C. A., 1983: 394; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. . 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Trichosalpinx chamaelepanthes (Rchb. f.) Luer



Trichosalpinx chamaelepanthes (Rchb. f.) Luer

Synonyms: Trichosalpinx chamaelepanthes (Rchb. f.) Kuntze, Trichosalpinx chamaelepanthes Rchb. f.
Reference: Luer, C. A., 1983: 394; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 3005 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Trichosalpinx ciliaris (Lindl.) Luer



Trichosalpinx ciliaris (Lindl.) Luer

Synonyms: Trichosalpinx ciliaris (Knowles & Westcott) Kuntze, Trichosalpinx ciliaris (Lindl.) L.O. Williams, Trichosalpinx ciliaris Lindl.
Reference: Luer, C. A., 1983: 395; Carnevalli, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not known from Peru. . Known from Mexico.  


$


 Trichosalpinx dinotherii (Rchb. f. & Warsz.) Luer


Trichosalpinx dinotherii (Rchb. f. & Warsz.) Luer = Trichosalpinx arbuscula (Lindl.) Luer

Reference: Luer, C. A., 1983: 395; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Trichosalpinx dura (Lindl.) Luer



Trichosalpinx dura (Lindl.) Luer

Synonyms: Trichosalpinx dura Lindl.
Reference: Luer, C. A., 1983: 395; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. . 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Trichosalpinx inaequisepala (C. Schweinf.) Luer



Trichosalpinx inaequisepala (C. Schweinf.) Luer

Synonyms: Trichosalpinx inaequisepala C. Schweinf.
Reference: Luer, C. A., 1983: 395; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Herrera 2125* 
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Trichosalpinx orbicularis (Lindl.) Luer



Trichosalpinx orbicularis (Lindl.) Luer

Synonyms: Trichosalpinx orbicularis Lindl.
Reference: Luer, C. A., 1983: 392; Christenson, pers. comm.; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Amazonian: forests, riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Croat 21013 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Trichosalpinx pusilla (Kunth) Luer



Trichosalpinx pusilla (Kunth) Luer

Synonyms: Trichosalpinx pusilla (Kunth) Kuntze, Trichosalpinx pusilla (Kunth) Lindl., Trichosalpinx pusilla (Kunth) Lindl., Trichosalpinx pusilla Kunth
Reference: Luer, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Trichosalpinx tenuis (C. Schweinf.) Luer



Trichosalpinx tenuis (C. Schweinf.) Luer

Synonyms: Trichosalpinx tenuis C. Schweinf.
Reference: Luer, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. . 
Voucher: Herrera 2157* 
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Trichosanchezia chrysothrix Mildbr.



Trichosanchezia chrysothrix Mildbr.

Reference: Mildbraed, J., 1926: 984. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Tessmann 4011* (US)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Trichospermum grewiifolium (A. Rich.) Kostermans



Trichospermum grewiifolium (A. Rich.) Kostermans

Synonyms: Trichospermum grewiifolium A. Rich.


$


 Trichospira biarista Less.


Trichospira biarista Less. = Trichospira verticillata (L.) S.F. Blake

Reference: FP 1420: 6. 


$


 Trichospira menthoides Kunth


Trichospira menthoides Kunth = Trichospira verticillata (L.) S.F. Blake

Reference: FP 1420: 6. 


$


 Trichospira prieurei DC.


Trichospira prieurei DC. = Trichospira verticillata (L.) S.F. Blake

Reference: FP 1420: 6. 


$



$


 Trichospira pulegium Mart. ex DC.


Trichospira pulegium Mart. ex DC. = Trichospira verticillata (L.) S.F. Blake

Reference: FP 1420: 6. 


$


 Trichospira verticillata (L.) S.F. Blake



Trichospira verticillata (L.) S.F. Blake

Synonyms: Trichospira verticillata DC., Trichospira verticillata Kunth, Trichospira verticillata L., Trichospira verticillata Less., Trichospira verticillata Mart. ex DC.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1420: 6. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: disturbed areas, riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: D&iacute;az et al. 655 (MO)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Trichostigma octandrum (L.) H. Walter



Trichostigma octandrum (L.) H. Walter

Synonyms: Trichostigma octandrum (L.) Hook. f., Trichostigma octandrum L.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1261: 549; Nowicke, J. W., 1969: 336. 
Ecology: Native liana, shrub. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests, riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 10330 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Trichostigma peruvianum (Moquin) H. Walter



Trichostigma peruvianum (Moquin) H. Walter

Synonyms: Trichostigma peruvianum (Moquin) Hook. f., Trichostigma peruvianum Moquin, Trichostigma peruvianum Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1261: 550; Nowicke, J. W., 1969: 335. 
Ecology: Native liana, shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Mathews 1455* (K!), Killip & Smith 29696 (F)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tricuspis latifolia Griseb.


Tricuspis latifolia Griseb. = Gouinia latifolia (Griseb.) Vasey

Reference: T&uuml;rpe, A. M., 1975: 66. 


$


 Tricycla peruviana (Humb. & Bonpl.) Poir.


Tricycla peruviana (Humb. & Bonpl.) Poir. = Bougainvillea peruviana Humb. & Bonpl.

Reference: FP 1258: 530. 


$


 Tricycla spinosa Cav.


Tricycla spinosa Cav. = Bougainvillea spinosa (Cav.) Heimerl

Reference: FP 1258: 531. 


$


 Tridax angustifolia Spruce ex Benth. & Hook. f.



Tridax angustifolia Spruce ex Benth. & Hook. f.

Synonyms: Tridax angustifolia Hieron.
Reference: Powell, A. M., 1965: 55. 
Ecology. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Dillon & Turner 1556 (F!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Tridax oligodonta S.F. Blake


Tridax oligodonta S.F. Blake = Tridax tambensis Hieron.

Reference: Powell, A. M., 1965: 58. 


$


 Tridax peruviensis Powell



Tridax peruviensis Powell

Reference: Powell, A. M., 1965: 56. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: disturbed areas. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra & Pennell 2993* (US!), Ferreyra 7673 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, La Libertad.


$


 Tridax procumbens L.



Tridax procumbens L.

Reference: Powell, A. M., 1965: 80. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Voucher: Woytkowski 34317 (UC)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Tridax sodiroi Hieron.


Tridax sodiroi Hieron. = Tridax angustifolia Spruce ex Benth. & Hook. f.

Reference: Powell, A. M., 1965: 55. 


$


 Tridax stuebelii Hieron.



Tridax stuebelii Hieron.

Reference: Powell, A. M., 1965: 57. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 6390 (GH)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Tridax tambensis Hieron.



Tridax tambensis Hieron.

Synonyms: Tridax tambensis S.F. Blake
Reference: Powell, A. M., 1965: 57. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Voucher: St&uuml;bel 45b* (B), Rose et al. 23168 (US)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Trifolium amabile Kunth



Trifolium amabile Kunth

$


 Trifolium amabile Kunth var.amabile



Trifolium amabile Kunth var. amabile 

Synonyms: Trifolium amabile amabile (Kunth) C. Presl, Trifolium amabile amabile A. Gray
Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 449; Zohary, M. & D. Heller, 1984: 125; Franquemont, C., T. Plowman, E. Franquemont, S. R. King, C. Niezgoda, W. Davis & C. R. Sperling, 1990: 82. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-III, Coastal: cloud forests, disturbed areas, elfin forests, grasslands, lomas. 0-4500 m. 
Voucher: Smith & V&aacute;squez 3440 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Arequipa, Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Huancavelica, Ica, Lima, La Libertad, Puno.


$


 Trifolium amabile var.hemsleyi (Lojacano) D. Heller & Zohary



Trifolium amabile var. hemsleyi (Lojacano) D. Heller & Zohary

Synonyms: Trifolium amabile hemsleyi Lojacano, Trifolium amabile hemsleyi Ulbr.
Reference: Zohary, M. & D. Heller, 1984: 127. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: grasslands, rocky slopes. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 3213 (G)
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Trifolium amabile var.pentlandii Ball



Trifolium amabile var. pentlandii Ball

Synonyms: Trifolium amabile pentlandii Ball, Trifolium amabile pentlandii Ulbr., Trifolium amabile pentlandii Vogel, Trifolium amabile var. pentlandii (Ball) J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Zohary, M. & D. Heller, 1984: 127; Franquemont, C., T. Plowman, E. Franquemont, S. R. King, C. Niezgoda, W. Davis & C. R. Sperling, 1990: 82. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean III: grasslands. 3500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Ball s.n.* (K), N&uacute;&ntilde;ez & Urrunaga 7670 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Trifolium chiclense Ball


Trifolium chiclense Ball = Trifolium amabile var. pentlandii Ball

Reference: FP 21: 451; Zohary, M. & D. Heller, 1984: 127. 
Note: Treated as a variety of T. peruvianum in the Flora of Peru.  


$


 Trifolium concinnum Philippi


Trifolium concinnum Philippi = Trifolium polymorphum Poir.

Reference: FP 21: 450; Zohary, M. & D. Heller, 1984: 208. 


$


 Trifolium depauperatum Desv.



Trifolium depauperatum Desv.

$


 Trifolium depauperatum Desv. var.depauperatum



Trifolium depauperatum Desv. var. depauperatum 

Synonyms: Trifolium depauperatum depauperatum (Desv.) C. Presl
Reference: Zohary, M. & D. Heller, 1984: 568. 
Ecology: Native herb. Region uncertain: grasslands. . 
Note: No details (including Peru vouchers) were provided by Zohary & Heller (1984). 


$


 Trifolium dubium Sibth.



Trifolium dubium Sibth.

Reference: Zohary, M. & D. Heller, 1984: 343. 
Ecology: Introduced herb. Andean I-III, Coastal: disturbed areas. 0-4000 m. 
Voucher: Sullivan et al. 1019 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima.


$


 Trifolium guianense Aubl.


Trifolium guianense Aubl. = Stylosanthes guianensis (Aubl.) Sw. var. guianensis 

Reference: FP 21: 410; Mannetje, L. 't, 1977: 353; Lewis, G. P., 1987: 307. 


$


 Trifolium hemsleyi Lojacano


Trifolium hemsleyi Lojacano = Trifolium amabile var. hemsleyi (Lojacano) D. Heller & Zohary

Reference: Zohary, M. & D. Heller, 1984: 127. 


$


 Trifolium hybridum L.



Trifolium hybridum L.

Synonyms: Trifolium hybridum (L.) C. Presl
Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 451; Duke, J. A., 1981: 242; Zohary, M. & D. Heller, 1984: 145. 
Ecology: Cultivated herb. Andean II: forests. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Zohary & Heller (1984) recognize three varieties under this species.  Zohary & Heller (1984) recognize three varieties under this species. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 11215 (USM!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Trifolium macrorrhizum Ulbr.


Trifolium macrorrhizum Ulbr. = Trifolium amabile var. hemsleyi (Lojacano) D. Heller & Zohary

Reference: FP 21: 449; Zohary, M. & D. Heller, 1984: 127. 
Note: Mentioned in the Flora of Peru under T. amabile.  


$


 Trifolium mathewsii A. Gray


Trifolium mathewsii A. Gray = Trifolium amabile Kunth var. amabile 

Reference: FP 21: 449; Zohary, M. & D. Heller, 1984: 127. 


$


 Trifolium melilotus L.



Trifolium melilotus L.

$


 Trifolium melilotus var. indica L.


Trifolium melilotus var. indica L. = Melilotus indica (L.) All.

Reference: FP 21: 453; McVaugh, R., 1987: 629. 


$


 Trifolium peruvianum var. chiclense (Ball) J.F. Macbr.


Trifolium peruvianum var. chiclense (Ball) J.F. Macbr. = Trifolium amabile var. pentlandii Ball

Reference: FP 21: 451. 
Note: This taxon not mentioned by Zohary & Heller (1984).  


$


 Trifolium peruvianum Vogel


Trifolium peruvianum Vogel = Trifolium amabile var. pentlandii Ball

Reference: FP 21: 451; Zohary, M. & D. Heller, 1984: 127. 


$


 Trifolium polymorphum Poir.



Trifolium polymorphum Poir.

Synonyms: Trifolium polymorphum Philippi
Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 451; Zohary, M. & D. Heller, 1984: 208. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I, Coastal: disturbed areas, grasslands. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Edwin & Schunke 3664 (F, USM!)
Departments: Amazonas, Arequipa, Moquegua.


$


 Trifolium pratense L.



Trifolium pratense L.

Reference: Duke, J. A., 1981: 251; Zohary, M. & D. Heller, 1984: 357. 
Ecology: Cultivated herb. Andean II: disturbed areas, grasslands. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Zohary & Heller (1984) recognize six varieties under this species.  
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui et al. 9574 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Trifolium repens L.



Trifolium repens L.

Synonyms: Trifolium repens (L.) C. Presl
Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 452; Mostacero, I., 1976: 18; Duke, J. A., 1981: 255; Zohary, M. & D. Heller, 1984: 167. 
Ecology: Cultivated herb. Andean I-II, Coastal: disturbed areas, grasslands, lomas. 0-3500 m. 
Note: Zohary & Heller (1984) recognize eight varieties under this species.  Zohary & Heller (1984) recognize eight varieties under this species. 
Voucher: D&iacute;az & Balde&oacute;n 2205 (MO!)
Departments: Arequipa, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Trifolium weberbaueri Ulbr.


Trifolium weberbaueri Ulbr. = Trifolium amabile var. pentlandii Ball

Reference: FP 21: 451; Zohary, M. & D. Heller, 1984: 127. 


$


 Triglochin maritima L.



Triglochin maritima L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 661: 90. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Triglochin palustre L.



Triglochin palustre L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 661: 90; Haynes, R. R. & L. B. Holm-Nielsen, 1986: 50. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   In the Flora of Peru as "palustris".  


$


 Triglochin striatum Ruiz & Pav.



Triglochin striatum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Flora Peru: 661: 90; Haynes, R. R. & L. B. Holm-Nielsen, 1986: 50. 
Ecology: Native aquatic herb. Amazonian, Coastal: emergent. 0-500 m. 
Note: In the Flora of Peru as "striata". 
Voucher: Vargas 14138 (US)
Departments: Arequipa, Cuzco, Lima.


$


 Trigonia killipii J.F. Macbr.



Trigonia killipii J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 667: 951; Lleras, E., 1978: 53. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 5513* (F), Schunke 2299 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Trigonia laevis Aubl.



Trigonia laevis Aubl.

$


 Trigonia laevis var.microcarpa Sagot



Trigonia laevis var. microcarpa Sagot

Synonyms: Trigonia laevis microcarpa Benth., Trigonia laevis microcarpa Sagot ex Warming
Reference: Lleras, E., 1978: 39. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 25646 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Trigonia macrantha Warm.



Trigonia macrantha Warm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 667: 951; Lleras, E., 1978: 37. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 3871* (W), Klug 2954 MO!
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Trigonia nivea Cambessedes



Trigonia nivea Cambessedes

Reference: Flora Peru: 667: 952; Lleras, E., 1978: 50. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   The Ule specimen cited in the Flora of Peru is from Brazil, not Peru. 


$


 Trigonia parviflora Benth.


Trigonia parviflora Benth. = Trigonia laevis var. microcarpa Sagot

Reference: FP 667: 952; Lleras, E., 1978: 39. 


$


 Trigonia prancei Lleras



Trigonia prancei Lleras

Reference: Lleras, E., 1978: 33. 
Ecology: Endemic liana. Amazonian: forests, riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Lleras et al. P17115* (MO!), Gentry et al. 29958 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Trigonia sericea Kunth



Trigonia sericea Kunth

Reference: Flora Peru: 667: 953; Lleras, E., 1978: 62. 
Ecology: Native liana, shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Foster 8506 (MO!, USM!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Loreto.


$


 Trigonia spruceana Benth. ex Warm.



Trigonia spruceana Benth. ex Warm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 667: 953; Lleras, E., 1978: 40. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Trigonia virens J.F. Macbr.



Trigonia virens J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 667: 954; Lleras, E., 1978: 36. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 29539* (US), D&iacute;az et al. 196 (MO!, USM!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Trigonidium acuminatum Bateman ex Lindl.



Trigonidium acuminatum Bateman ex Lindl.

Synonyms: Trigonidium acuminatum Loddiges ex Lindl., Trigonidium acuminatum Schltr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1510: 68. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ayala 1933 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Trigonidium insigne Rchb. f. ex Benth. ex Hook. f.



Trigonidium insigne Rchb. f. ex Benth. ex Hook. f.

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean I, Coastal: cloud forests. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Trigonidium loretoense Schltr.



Trigonidium loretoense Schltr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 754; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Filomeno s.n.* 
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Trigonidium peruvianum Schltr.


Trigonidium peruvianum Schltr. = Trigonidium acuminatum Bateman ex Lindl.

Reference: FP 1473: 756; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Trigonidium tenue Loddiges ex Lindl.


Trigonidium tenue Loddiges ex Lindl. = Trigonidium acuminatum Bateman ex Lindl.

Reference: FP 1473: 756; 1510: 68; Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Trigynaea duckei (R. E. Fr.) R.E. Fr.



Trigynaea duckei (R. E. Fr.) R.E. Fr.

Synonyms: Trigynaea duckei R.E. Fr.
Reference: Maas, P. J. M., E. A. Mennega & L. Y. Th. Westra, 1987: 113. 
Ecology: Cultivated shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Barbour 5048 (MO!)
Departments: Madre de Dios.


$


 Trigynaea grandis Benth.


Trigynaea grandis Benth. = Unonopsis grandis (Benth.) R.E. Fr.

Reference: FP 1277: 739. 


$


 Trigynaea mathewsii Benth.


Trigynaea mathewsii Benth. = Unonopsis matthewsii (Benth.) R.E. Fr.

Reference: FP 1277: 739. 


$


 Trilix auriculata Ruiz & Pav.


Trilix auriculata Ruiz & Pav. = Prockia crucis Browne ex L.

Reference: Sleumer, H., 1980: 69. 


$


 Trilix macrobotrys Ruiz & Pav.


Trilix macrobotrys Ruiz & Pav. = Banara guianensis Aubl.

Reference: Sleumer, H., 1980: 106. 
Note: nom. nud.  


$


 Triniochloa stipoides (Kunth) Hitchc.



Triniochloa stipoides (Kunth) Hitchc.

Synonyms: Triniochloa stipoides Kunth
Reference: Flora Peru: 719: 173; Tovar, O., 1957: 71. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Tovar 1992 (US, USM)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Huancavelica.


$


 Triodanis biflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Greene



Triodanis biflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Greene

Synonyms: Triodanis biflora (Nutt.) Vatke, Triodanis biflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Fischer & Meyer, Triodanis biflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze, Triodanis biflora (Ruiz & Pavon) Bradley, Triodanis biflora Arechav., Triodanis biflora Arechav., Triodanis biflora Britton, Triodanis biflora Ruiz & Pav., Triodanis biflora Sprengel, Triodanis biflora Willd. ex Schult. in Roem. & Schultes
Reference: McVaugh, R., 1945: 31; Jeppesen, S., 1981: 5. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Cerrate & Tovar 868 (MO!)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Triodanis perfoliata var. biflora (Ruiz & Pavon) Bradley


Triodanis perfoliata var. biflora (Ruiz & Pavon) Bradley = Triodanis biflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Greene

$


 Triodon laxum Spruce ex Schumann pro syn.


Triodon laxum Spruce ex Schumann pro syn. = Diodia dichotoma (Kunth) Schum.

Reference: FP 1365: 246; Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 244. 


$


 Triolena allardii (Wurdack) Wurdack



Triolena allardii (Wurdack) Wurdack

Synonyms: Triolena allardii Wurdack
Reference: Wurdack, J. J., 1964: 415. 
Ecology. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Allard 20510* (US), Schunke 11462 (USM!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Triolena amazonica (Pilg.) Wurdack



Triolena amazonica (Pilg.) Wurdack

Synonyms: Triolena amazonica Pilg.
Reference: Wurdack, J. J., 1975: 493. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Smith 1278 (US!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, Ucayali.


$


 Triolena barbeyana Cogn.



Triolena barbeyana Cogn.

Reference: Flora Peru: 761: 331. 
Ecology: Endemic subshrub. . 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* 


$


 Triolena obliqua (Triana) Wurdack



Triolena obliqua (Triana) Wurdack

Synonyms: Triolena obliqua Triana
Reference: Wurdack, J. J., 1980: 61. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Triolena pluvialis (Wurdack) Wurdack



Triolena pluvialis (Wurdack) Wurdack

Synonyms: Triolena pluvialis Wurdack
Reference: Wurdack, J. J., 1980: 59. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Stein 2147 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Triopterys discolor G. Meyer


Triopterys discolor G. Meyer = Tetrapterys discolor (G. Meyer) DC.

Reference: FP 665: 803; Cuatrecasas, J., 1958: 439. 


$


 Triopterys reclinata (Jacquin) Cav.


Triopterys reclinata (Jacquin) Cav. = Hiraea reclinata Jacq.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1958: 405. 


$


 Triphasia trifolia (Burman f.) P. Wilson



Triphasia trifolia (Burman f.) P. Wilson

Synonyms: Triphasia trifolia Burman f.
Reference: Porter, D. M. & T. S. Elias, 1979: 123. 
Ecology: Cultivated shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ayala 180 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Triplandron lineatum Benth.


Triplandron lineatum Benth. = Clusia lineata (Benth.) Planch. & Triana

Reference: D'Arcy, W.G., 1981: 984. 


$


 Triplaris americana L.



Triplaris americana L.

Synonyms: Triplaris americana Britton, Triplaris americana Meisn.
Reference: Brandbyge, J., 1986: 550; Brandbyge, J., 1989: 51. 
Ecology: Native tree, treelet. Amazonian, Andean I-II, Coastal: disturbed areas, forests, riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Berlin 3512 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Triplaris auriculata Meisn.


Triplaris auriculata Meisn. = Triplaris cumingiana Fischer & Meyer ex C.A. Meyer

Reference: FP 1251: 465; Brandbyge, J., 1986: 566; Brandbyge, J., 1989: 56. 


$


 Triplaris boliviana Britton


Triplaris boliviana Britton = Triplaris americana L.

Reference: FP 1251: 466; Brandbyge, J., 1986: 550. 


$


 Triplaris bonplandiana Wedd.


Triplaris bonplandiana Wedd. = Triplaris gardneriana Wedd.

Reference: FP 1251: 465; Brandbyge, J., 1986: 557. 


$


 Triplaris cumingiana Fischer & Meyer ex C.A. Meyer



Triplaris cumingiana Fischer & Meyer ex C.A. Meyer

Synonyms: Triplaris cumingiana Meisn., Triplaris cumingiana Wedd.
Reference: Brandbyge, J., 1986: 566; Brandbyge, J., 1989: 52. 
Ecology: Native tree, treelet. Amazonian, Andean I, Coastal: disturbed areas, forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Daza 145 (MO!)
Departments: Lima, Loreto, Pasco, Piura, Tumbes.


$


 Triplaris dugandii Brandbyge



Triplaris dugandii Brandbyge

Reference: Brandbyge, J., 1986: 553. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 3134 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Ucayali.


$


 Triplaris fulva Huber



Triplaris fulva Huber

Reference: Flora Peru: 1251: 466; Brandbyge, J., 1986: 568. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   A doubtful species according to Brandbyge (1986); the type specimen is sterile and immature. 
Voucher: Huber MG 1565* (F)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Triplaris gardneriana Wedd.



Triplaris gardneriana Wedd.

Synonyms: Triplaris gardneriana Wedd.
Reference: Brandbyge, J., 1986: 557. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests, seasonally inundated areas, riversides. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 6816 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca.


$


 Triplaris guayaquilensis Wedd.


Triplaris guayaquilensis Wedd. = Triplaris cumingiana Fischer & Meyer ex C.A. Meyer

Reference: FP 1251: 465; Brandbyge, J., 1986: 566; Brandbyge, J., 1989: 54. 


$


 Triplaris hispida Rusby


Triplaris hispida Rusby = Triplaris poeppigiana Wedd.

Reference: FP 1251: 467; Brandbyge, J., 1986: 558. 


$


 Triplaris longifolia Huber



Triplaris longifolia Huber

Reference: Flora Peru: 1251: 467; Brandbyge, J., 1986: 556. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests, riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Huber MG 1458* (RB), Froehner 232 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Triplaris moyobambensis Brandbyge



Triplaris moyobambensis Brandbyge

Reference: Brandbyge, J., 1986: 554. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean I: forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 3656* (MO!), Woytkowski 35260 (UC)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Triplaris pavonii Meisn.


Triplaris pavonii Meisn. = Triplaris americana L.

Reference: FP 1251: 466; Brandbyge, J., 1986: 550. 


$


 Triplaris peruviana Fisch. & Meyer ex C.A. Meyer



Triplaris peruviana Fisch. & Meyer ex C.A. Meyer

Reference: Flora Peru: 1251: 467; Brandbyge, J., 1986: 556. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian, Coastal: disturbed areas, forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Mathews 1620* (K), Klug 4153 (MO!)
Departments: Lima, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Triplaris poeppigiana Wedd.



Triplaris poeppigiana Wedd.

Synonyms: Triplaris poeppigiana Poepp. ex Meisn., Triplaris poeppigiana Rusby
Reference: Flora Peru: 1251: 467; Brandbyge, J., 1986: 558. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests, riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-1000 m. 
Note: The type is Poeppig 1958, not 1957 as cited in the Flora of Peru (Brandbyge, 1986). 
Voucher: Poeppig 1958* (P), Dillon et al. 1227 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Triplaris punctata Standl.



Triplaris punctata Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1251: 468; Brandbyge, J., 1986: 561. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 3009 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Ucayali.


$


 Triplaris setosa Rusby



Triplaris setosa Rusby

$


 Triplaris setosa var.setosa



Triplaris setosa var. setosa 

Reference: Brandbyge, J., 1986: 560. 
Ecology: Native tree, treelet. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 7489 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Triplaris setosa var.woytkowskii Brandbyge



Triplaris setosa var. woytkowskii Brandbyge

Reference: Brandbyge, J., 1986: 561. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Woytkowski 7187* (MO!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Triplaris vestita Rusby



Triplaris vestita Rusby

Reference: Brandbyge, J., 1986: 561. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, riversides, savannas. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: West 7194 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Triplaris weigeltiana (Rechb.) Kuntze



Triplaris weigeltiana (Rechb.) Kuntze

Synonyms: Triplaris weigeltiana Rechb.
Reference: Brandbyge, J., 1986: 563. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests, riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry & Revilla 16715 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Tripodanthus acutifolius (Ruiz & Pav.) Tiegh.



Tripodanthus acutifolius (Ruiz & Pav.) Tiegh.

Synonyms: Tripodanthus acutifolius (Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth) Eichler, Tripodanthus acutifolius (Kunth) Eichler, Tripodanthus acutifolius (Kunth) G. Don, Tripodanthus acutifolius (Ruiz & Pav.) Eichler, Tripodanthus acutifolius (Ruiz & Pav.) G. Don, Tripodanthus acutifolius (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Eichler, Tripodanthus acutifolius Kunth, Tripodanthus acutifolius Kunth, Tripodanthus acutifolius Patschovsky, Tripodanthus acutifolius Ruiz & Pav., Tripodanthus acutifolius Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., Tripodanthus acutifolius Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.
Reference: Kuijt, J., 1986: 142. 
Ecology: Native parasitic shrub. Andean II: disturbed areas, forests. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MO!), S&aacute;nchez 2259 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, La Libertad.


$


 Tripogandra encolea (Diels) J.F. Macbr.



Tripogandra encolea (Diels) J.F. Macbr.

Synonyms: Tripogandra encolea (Diels) Bruckn., Tripogandra encolea Diels
Reference: Handlos, W., 1975: 262. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 1500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 3855* (B, MOL!), Sag&aacute;stegui 9319 (F!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Lima, La Libertad.


$


 Tripogandra glandulosa (Seub. in C. Martius) Rohweder



Tripogandra glandulosa (Seub. in C. Martius) Rohweder

Synonyms: Tripogandra glandulosa Seubert
Reference: Faden, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Rimachi 5854 (US!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Tripogandra glandulosa Seubert


Tripogandra glandulosa Seubert = Tripogandra glandulosa (Seub. in C. Martius) Rohweder

Reference: Faden, pers. comm.. 


$


 Tripogandra ionantha (Diels) J.F. Macbr.



Tripogandra ionantha (Diels) J.F. Macbr.

Synonyms: Tripogandra ionantha (Diels) Bruckner, Tripogandra ionantha Diels
Reference: Handlos, W., 1975: 280; Hunt, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Hunt (pers. comm.) prefers to recognize this taxon as distinct from T. multiflora. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 588 (B)
Departments: Puno.


$


 Tripogandra multiflora (Sw.) Raf.



Tripogandra multiflora (Sw.) Raf.

Synonyms: Tripogandra multiflora (Kunth) Schlechtendal ex Br&uuml;eckner, Tripogandra multiflora Kunth, Tripogandra multiflora Ruiz & Pav., Tripogandra multiflora Sw.
Reference: Handlos, W., 1975: 279. 
Ecology. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Williams 5795 (F!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Lima, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tripogandra serrulata (Vahl) Handlos



Tripogandra serrulata (Vahl) Handlos

Synonyms: Tripogandra serrulata (G. Meyer) Bruckner, Tripogandra serrulata G. Meyer, Tripogandra serrulata Vahl
Reference: Handlos, W., 1975: 301. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, riversides. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Plowman & Schunke 7508 (F!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Tumbes, Ucayali.


$


 Tripogon spicatus (Nees) Ekman



Tripogon spicatus (Nees) Ekman

Synonyms: Tripogon spicatus Nees
Reference: Flora Peru: 719: 189. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 1500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 5311 (F!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Lima.


$


 Tripsacum andersonii J.R. Gray



Tripsacum andersonii J.R. Gray

Reference: Wet, J. M. J. de, J. R. Gray & J. R. Harlan, 1976: 204; Tovar, O., 1986: 57. 
Ecology: Introduced herb. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Plowman 11011 (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Lima.


$


 Tripsacum australe H.C. Cutler & E.S. Anderson



Tripsacum australe H.C. Cutler & E.S. Anderson

$


 Tripsacum australe H.C. Cutler & E.S. Anderson var.australe



Tripsacum australe H.C. Cutler & E.S. Anderson var. australe 

Reference: de Wet, J. M. J., D. H. Timothy, K. W. Hilu & G. B. Fletcher, 1981: 272. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I: riversides. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Plowman & Schunke 11365 (USM!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tripsacum hermaphroditum L.


Tripsacum hermaphroditum L. = Anthephora hermaphrodita (L.) Kuntze

Reference: FP 719: 185. 


$


 Tripsacum peruvianum de Wet & Timothy



Tripsacum peruvianum de Wet & Timothy

Reference: de Wet, J. M. J., D. H. Timothy, K. W. Hilu & G. B. Fletcher, 1981: 275. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I: riversides. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Timothy 66-13* (CEL), Timothy 66-12 (CEL)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tripsilina foetida (L.) Raf.


Tripsilina foetida (L.) Raf. = Passiflora foetida L.

Reference: Holm-Nielsen, L. B., P. M. Jo+/rgensen & J. E. Lawesson, 1988: 119. 


$


 Triptolemea riparia Mart.


Triptolemea riparia Mart. = Dalbergia riparia (Mart.) Benth.

Reference: FP 21: 290. 


$


 Triraphis hieronymi Kuntze


Triraphis hieronymi Kuntze = Lamprothyrsus hieronymi (Kuntze) Pilg.

Reference: Pilger, R., 1906: 58. 


$


 Trisetella cordeliae Luer



Trisetella cordeliae Luer

Reference: Luer, C. A., 1980: 80; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Luer 13729* (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Trisetella nodulifera Luer & Hirtz



Trisetella nodulifera Luer & Hirtz

Reference: Luer, C. A., 1980: 96; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. . 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   
Voucher: Luer 8139 (SEL!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Trisetella regia Koeniger



Trisetella regia Koeniger

Reference: K&ouml;niger, W., 1981: 296. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: K&ouml;niger et al. K-7* (SEL)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Trisetella triglochin (Rchb. f.) Luer



Trisetella triglochin (Rchb. f.) Luer

Synonyms: Trisetella triglochin Rchb. f.
Reference: Luer, C. A., 1980: 113; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean II: riversides. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Foster et al. 7721 (MO!)
Departments: Pasco.


$


 Trisetum floribundum Pilg.


Trisetum floribundum Pilg. = Dielsiochloa floribunda (Pilg.) Pilg.

Reference: FP 719: 149; Clayton, W.D. & S. A. Renvoice, 1986: 129. 


$


 Trisetum floribundum var. weberbaueri (Pilg.) Louis-Marie


Trisetum floribundum var. weberbaueri (Pilg.) Louis-Marie = Dielsiochloa floribunda (Pilg.) Pilg.

Reference: Chase, A. & C. D. Niles, 1962: 433. 


$


 Trisetum macbridei Hitchc.



Trisetum macbridei Hitchc.

Reference: Flora Peru: 719: 150. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean III: grasslands, rocky slopes. 4000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 1131* (US), Smith et al. 9772 (F!)
Departments: Ancash, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Trisetum preslei (Kunth) Desv.



Trisetum preslei (Kunth) Desv.

Synonyms: Trisetum preslei Kunth
Reference: Nicora, E. G. and collaborators, 1978: 259. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Smith et al. 12224 (F!)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, Cuzco.


$


 Trisetum spicatum (L.) K. Richt.



Trisetum spicatum (L.) K. Richt.

Synonyms: Trisetum spicatum L.
Reference: Flora Peru: 719: 150; Tovar, O., 1957: 50. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: grasslands, rocky slopes. 2000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Cerrate 1804 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Cuzco, Huancavelica, Ica, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Trisetum weberbaueri Pilg.


Trisetum weberbaueri Pilg. = Dielsiochloa floribunda (Pilg.) Pilg.

Reference: FP 719: 149; Clayton, W.D. & S. A. Renvoice, 1986: 129. 


$


 Tristachya microstachya Nees ex Steud.



Tristachya microstachya Nees ex Steud.

Reference: Flora Peru: 719: 261; Hitchcock, A. S., 1927: 423. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Tristerix chodatianus (Patschovsky) Kuijt



Tristerix chodatianus (Patschovsky) Kuijt

Synonyms: Tristerix chodatianus Patschovsky
Reference: Kuijt, J., 1988: 25. 
Ecology: Endemic parasitic shrub. Andean III: grasslands, rocky slopes, shrublands. 3500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 2934* (B photo F!), Smith et al. 9140 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Huancavelica, Lima.


$


 Tristerix grandiflorus (Ruiz & Pav.) Barlow & Wiens



Tristerix grandiflorus (Ruiz & Pav.) Barlow & Wiens

Synonyms: Tristerix grandiflorus (Ruiz & Pav.) Eichler, Tristerix grandiflorus (Ruiz & Pav.) G. Don, Tristerix grandiflorus (Ruiz & Pav.) Raf., Tristerix grandiflorus (Ruiz & Pav.) Tiegh., Tristerix grandiflorus Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Kuijt, J., 1988: 38. 
Ecology: Native parasitic shrub. Andean II: forests. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Woytkowski 8015 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Tristerix longebracteatus (Desr.) Barlow & Wiens



Tristerix longebracteatus (Desr.) Barlow & Wiens

Synonyms: Tristerix longebracteatus (Desr.) G. Don, Tristerix longebracteatus (Desr.) J.F. Macbr., Tristerix longebracteatus (Dietrich) Eichler, Tristerix longebracteatus (Dietrich) Tiegh., Tristerix longebracteatus (Sprengel) G. Don, Tristerix longebracteatus Desr., Tristerix longebracteatus Dietrich, Tristerix longebracteatus Patschovsky, Tristerix longebracteatus Ruiz & Pav., Tristerix longebracteatus Sprengel, Tristerix longebracteatus Weberbauer
Reference: Kuijt, J., 1988: 30. 
Ecology: Native parasitic shrub. Andean II-III: rocky slopes, shrublands. 2000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Jussieu s.n. (P photo F!), Smith 8288 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, La Libertad, Piura, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tristerix penduliflorus Kuijt



Tristerix penduliflorus Kuijt

Reference: Kuijt, J., 1988: 49. 
Ecology: Native parasitic shrub. Andean II-III: forests. 2500-4500 m. 
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 7288 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Tristerix peruvianus (Patschovsky) Kuijt



Tristerix peruvianus (Patschovsky) Kuijt

Synonyms: Tristerix peruvianus Patschovsky
Reference: Kuijt, J., 1988: 40. 
Ecology: Endemic parasitic shrub. Andean I: disturbed areas, forests, shrublands. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 2717* (B photo F!), Sag&aacute;stegui et al. 10327 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, Lima.


$


 Tristerix peytonii Kuijt



Tristerix peytonii Kuijt

Reference: Kuijt, J., 1988: 28. 
Ecology: Endemic parasitic shrub. Andean III: rocky slopes, shrublands, terra firme forests. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Peyton & Peyton 770* (MO!), N&uacute;&ntilde;ez & Arque 8287 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Tristerix pubescens Kuijt



Tristerix pubescens Kuijt

Reference: Kuijt, J., 1988: 36. 
Ecology: Endemic parasitic shrub. Andean II-III: rocky slopes, shrublands. 2500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Mostacero et al. 597* (MO!), Smith et al. 12548 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Lima, La Libertad.


$


 Tristerix verticillatus (Ruiz & Pav.) Barlow & Wiens



Tristerix verticillatus (Ruiz & Pav.) Barlow & Wiens

Synonyms: Tristerix verticillatus (Ruiz & Pav.) Eichler


$


 Triticum aestivum L.



Triticum aestivum L.

Reference: McVaugh, R., 1983: 403. 
Ecology: Cultivated herb. Andean II-III: disturbed areas. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Franquemont 331 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Cuzco.


$


 Triticum attenuatum Kunth


Triticum attenuatum Kunth = Elymus cordilleranus Davidse & R.W. Pohl

Reference: FP 719: 144; Davidse, G. & R. W. Pohl, 1992: 100. 


$


 Triticum peruvianum Lam.



Triticum peruvianum Lam.

Synonyms: Triticum peruvianum (Lam.) Roem. & Schult., Triticum peruvianum Roem. & Schult. ex Kunth
Reference: Chase, A. & C. D. Niles, 1962: 38. 
Note: Unidentified grass, not a species of Agropyron, Brachypodium or Triticum.  No specimen has been seen by modern agrostologists (Davidse, pers. comm.).  


$


 Triumfetta abutiloides St. Hilaire



Triumfetta abutiloides St. Hilaire

Reference: Flora Peru: 1301: 419; Gonz&aacute;lez, D., 1976: 65. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I-II, Coastal: disturbed areas, forests. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 6583 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Triumfetta althaeoides Lam.



Triumfetta althaeoides Lam.

Synonyms: Triumfetta althaeoides (Lamarck) Uittien
Reference: Flora Peru: 1301: 419; Gonz&aacute;lez, D., 1976: 58. 
Ecology: Native shrub, subshrub. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests, rocky slopes. 0-1500 m. 
Note: Meijer now seems to treat this as a variety of T. semitriloba, but has not published the necessary combination. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 18382 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto.


$


 Triumfetta bartramia L.


Triumfetta bartramia L. = Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq.

Reference: FP 1301: 420; Gonz&aacute;lez, D., 1976: 80; Bornstein, A., 1989: 197. 


$


 Triumfetta bogotensis DC.



Triumfetta bogotensis DC.

Synonyms: Triumfetta bogotensis Szyszylowicz
Reference: Flora Peru: 1301: 420; Lay, K.K., 1950: 366. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: disturbed areas. 1500-2500 m. 
Note: The inclusion of T. jelskii here is speculative, based solely on the Flora of Peru.  Lay (1950) had not seen the type, and treated T. jelskii as a "doubtful species" allied to T. caudata of Colombia.  More recent authors have ignored the name altogether.  
Voucher: Vargas 795 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Cuzco.


$


 Triumfetta calycina Turcz.



Triumfetta calycina Turcz.

Synonyms: Triumfetta calycina Hochreutiner
Reference: Flora Peru: 1301: 421. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub, treelet. Andean I-II: cloud forests, disturbed areas, rocky slopes, shrublands. 1000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Mathews 889* , Vargas 3064 (MO!)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Puno.


$


 Triumfetta grandiflora Vahl



Triumfetta grandiflora Vahl

Synonyms: Triumfetta grandiflora J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1301: 422. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean I-II: forests. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 6330 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Triumfetta heterophylla Lam.


Triumfetta heterophylla Lam. = Triumfetta lappula L.

Reference: FP 1301: 422. 


$


 Triumfetta hostmannii Miq.


Triumfetta hostmannii Miq. = Triumfetta lappula L.

Reference: FP 1301: 422. 


$


 Triumfetta indica Lam.



Triumfetta indica Lam.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1301: 420. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Triumfetta jelskii Szyszylowicz


Triumfetta jelskii Szyszylowicz = Triumfetta bogotensis DC.

Reference: FP 1301: 420. 


$


 Triumfetta lappula L.



Triumfetta lappula L.

Synonyms: Triumfetta lappula Lam., Triumfetta lappula Miq., Triumfetta lappula Turcz.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1301: 422; Gonz&aacute;lez, D., 1976: 87. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub, subshrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests, rocky slopes. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez & Phillips 10448 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Triumfetta multilocularis Hochreutiner


Triumfetta multilocularis Hochreutiner = Triumfetta calycina Turcz.

Reference: FP 1301: 421. 


$


 Triumfetta oligacantha Hochreutiner



Triumfetta oligacantha Hochreutiner

Reference: Flora Peru: 1301: 423; Lay, K.K., 1950: 377. 
Ecology: Native subshrub. . 
Voucher: Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (G-DEL)


$


 Triumfetta quinqueloba Turcz.


Triumfetta quinqueloba Turcz. = Triumfetta lappula L.

Reference: FP 1301: 422. 


$


 Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq.



Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq.

Synonyms: Triumfetta rhomboidea L., Triumfetta rhomboidea L.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1301: 420; Gonz&aacute;lez, D., 1976: 80; Bornstein, A., 1989: 197. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 5872B (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Triumfetta schunkei J.F. Macbr.


Triumfetta schunkei J.F. Macbr. = Triumfetta grandiflora Vahl

Reference: FP 1301: 422. 


$


 Triumfetta semitriloba fo. althaeoides (Lamarck) Uittien


Triumfetta semitriloba fo. althaeoides (Lamarck) Uittien = Triumfetta althaeoides Lam.

Reference: FP 1301: 419; Gonz&aacute;lez, D., 1976: 58. 


$


 Triumfetta semitriloba Jacq.



Triumfetta semitriloba Jacq.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1301: 423; Lay, K.K., 1950: 373; Gonz&aacute;lez, D., 1976: 73. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub, subshrub, treelet. Amazonian, Andean I, Coastal: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry & D&iacute;az 58664 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Trixis antimenorrhoea (Schrank) C. Mart. ex Baker


Trixis antimenorrhoea (Schrank) C. Mart. ex Baker = Trixis divaricata (Kunth) Spreng.

Reference: Harling, G., 1991: 77. 


$


 Trixis cacalioides Kunth



Trixis cacalioides Kunth

Synonyms: Trixis cacalioides Cass., Trixis cacalioides S. Moore
Reference: Harling, G., 1991: 78. 
Ecology. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 13789 (USM)
Departments: Ancash, Arequipa, Cajamarca, Ica, Lima, La Libertad, Piura.


$


 Trixis churinensis Herrera



Trixis churinensis Herrera

$


 Trixis divaricata (Kunth) Spreng.



Trixis divaricata (Kunth) Spreng.

Synonyms: Trixis divaricata (Schrank) C. Mart. ex Baker, Trixis divaricata Kunth


$


 Trixis hexantha S. Moore


Trixis hexantha S. Moore = Trixis cacalioides Kunth

Reference: Moore, A. H. & S. M. Moore, 1914: 264. 


$


 Trixis neaeana DC.



Trixis neaeana DC.

$


 Trixis paradoxa Cass.


Trixis paradoxa Cass. = Trixis cacalioides Kunth

Reference: 28496. 


$


 Trixis sagasteguii Cabrera



Trixis sagasteguii Cabrera

Reference: Harling, G., 1991: 80. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: L&oacute;pez & Sag&aacute;stegui 3163* (HUT, LP)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Trixis subparadoxa Herrera



Trixis subparadoxa Herrera

$


 Trizeuxis andina Schltr.


Trizeuxis andina Schltr. = Trizeuxis falcata Lindl.

Reference: FP 1473: 784; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Trizeuxis falcata Lindl.



Trizeuxis falcata Lindl.

Synonyms: Trizeuxis falcata Schltr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 784; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Amazonian, Andean I: riversides. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 6899 (MO!)
Departments: Madre de Dios.


$


 Trommsdorffia pulverulenta Mart.


Trommsdorffia pulverulenta Mart. = Pfaffia densipellita Borsch

Reference: FP 1255: 507. 


$


 Tropaeolum aduncum Sm.


Tropaeolum aduncum Sm. = Tropaeolum peregrinum var. peregrinum 

Reference: Sparre, B. & L. Andersson, 1991: 110. 


$


 Tropaeolum bicolor Ruiz & Pav.



Tropaeolum bicolor Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Flora Peru: 644: 611; Sparre, B. & L. Andersson, 1991: 59. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II-III: cloud forests. 1500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Siebert 2382 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Tropaeolum calcaratum Sparre



Tropaeolum calcaratum Sparre

Reference: Sparre, B. & L. Andersson, 1991: 119. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean I-II: shrublands. 500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 7113* (US), Weberbauer 7942 (F)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Cuzco.


$


 Tropaeolum calvum (J. F. Macbride) Sparre



Tropaeolum calvum (J. F. Macbride) Sparre

Synonyms: Tropaeolum calvum J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Sparre, B. & L. Andersson, 1991: 81. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 6414* (F)
Departments: Piura.


$


 Tropaeolum ciliatum Ruiz & Pav.



Tropaeolum ciliatum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Flora Peru: 644: 609; Sparre, B. & L. Andersson, 1991: 25. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Tropaeolum cirrhipes Hook.



Tropaeolum cirrhipes Hook.

Reference: Flora Peru: 644: 611; Sparre, B. & L. Andersson, 1991: 102. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Mathews 3177* (K)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Tropaeolum cochabambae Buchenau



Tropaeolum cochabambae Buchenau

Reference: Sparre, B. & L. Andersson, 1991: 52. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: disturbed areas, riversides. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez et al. 9081 (MO!)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Puno.


$


 Tropaeolum crenatiflorum Hook. f.



Tropaeolum crenatiflorum Hook. f.

Reference: Flora Peru: 644: 612; Sparre, B. & L. Andersson, 1991: 50. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: disturbed areas, shrublands. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Lobb s.n.* (K), Woytkowski 5269 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Huancavelica.


$


 Tropaeolum dipetalum Ruiz & Pav.



Tropaeolum dipetalum Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Tropaeolum dipetalum Klatt ex Otto
Reference: Flora Peru: 644: 613; Sparre, B. & L. Andersson, 1991: 48. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Tropaeolum ferreyrae Sparre



Tropaeolum ferreyrae Sparre

Reference: Sparre, B. & L. Andersson, 1991: 66. 
Ecology. 500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 2529* (S, USM), Worth & Morrison 15680 (MO!)
Departments: Arequipa, Lima.


$


 Tropaeolum fintelmannii var.olmosense (Mansf.) Sparre



Tropaeolum fintelmannii var. olmosense (Mansf.) Sparre

Synonyms: Tropaeolum fintelmannii olmosense Mansf.
Reference: Sparre, B. & L. Andersson, 1991: 79. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II, Coastal: disturbed areas. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 7098* (GH), Berlin 1995 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Lambayeque, Piura.


$


 Tropaeolum harlingii Sparre



Tropaeolum harlingii Sparre

Reference: Sparre, B. & L. Andersson, 1991: 70. 
Ecology: Native herb. Coastal: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra et al. 10687 (S, USM)
Departments: Tumbes.


$


 Tropaeolum haynianum Bernhardi



Tropaeolum haynianum Bernhardi

Reference: Flora Peru: 644: 613; Sparre, B. & L. Andersson, 1991: 119. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean I: forests. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Without collector s.n.* (MO!), Woytkowski 5716 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tropaeolum hjertingii Sparre



Tropaeolum hjertingii Sparre

Reference: Sparre, B. & L. Andersson, 1991: 61. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean I-II, Coastal: disturbed areas, lomas. 0-3000 m. 
Voucher: Asplund 13812* (S), Ferreyra 8053 (US, USM)
Departments: Ancash, Jun&iacute;n, Lima.


$


 Tropaeolum lobbianum Veitch ex Hook.


Tropaeolum lobbianum Veitch ex Hook. = Tropaeolum peltophorum Benth.

Reference: FP 644: 617; Sparre, B. & L. Andersson, 1991: 63. 


$


 Tropaeolum longiflorum Killip



Tropaeolum longiflorum Killip

Reference: Flora Peru: 644: 613; Sparre, B. & L. Andersson, 1991: 49. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 6641* (US), Hjerting 5382 (C)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Tropaeolum magnificum Sparre



Tropaeolum magnificum Sparre

Reference: Sparre, B. & L. Andersson, 1991: 49. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: forests. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Foster & Smith 9070 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Pasco.


$


 Tropaeolum majus L.



Tropaeolum majus L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 644: 614; Sparre, B. & L. Andersson, 1991: 67. 
Ecology: Cultivated herb. Andean I-II, Coastal: disturbed areas. 0-3000 m. 
Voucher: Plowman 11021 (MO!, USM!)
Departments: Arequipa, Cuzco, Lima, La Libertad, Tacna.


$


 Tropaeolum mathewsii Hughes


Tropaeolum mathewsii Hughes = Tropaeolum stipulatum Buchenau

Reference: FP 644: 614; Sparre, B. & L. Andersson, 1991: 82. 


$


 Tropaeolum minus L.



Tropaeolum minus L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 644: 615; Sparre, B. & L. Andersson, 1991: 64. 
Ecology. 0-3500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 14592 (USM!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Lima, La Libertad, Tacna.


$


 Tropaeolum olmosense Mansf.


Tropaeolum olmosense Mansf. = Tropaeolum fintelmannii var. olmosense (Mansf.) Sparre

Reference: FP 644: 615; Sparre, B. & L. Andersson, 1991: 79. 


$


 Tropaeolum papillosum Hughes



Tropaeolum papillosum Hughes

Reference: Flora Peru: 644: 616; Sparre, B. & L. Andersson, 1991: 97. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Tropaeolum peltophorum Benth.



Tropaeolum peltophorum Benth.

Synonyms: Tropaeolum peltophorum Veitch ex Hook.
Reference: Flora Peru: 644: 617; Sparre, B. & L. Andersson, 1991: 63. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II, Coastal: disturbed areas, lomas. 0-3000 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 6599 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, La Libertad, Piura.


$


 Tropaeolum peltophorum var. calvum J.F. Macbr.


Tropaeolum peltophorum var. calvum J.F. Macbr. = Tropaeolum calvum (J. F. Macbride) Sparre

Reference: FP 644: 617; Sparre, B. & L. Andersson, 1991: 81. 


$


 Tropaeolum peregrinum var.peregrinum



Tropaeolum peregrinum var. peregrinum 

Synonyms: Tropaeolum peregrinum peregrinum Sm.
Reference: Flora Peru: 644: 617; Sparre, B. & L. Andersson, 1991: 110. 
Ecology: Cultivated herb. Andean II-III: disturbed areas. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: West 3687 (MO!)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Lima.


$


 Tropaeolum peregrinum var.weberbaueri (Loes.) Sparre



Tropaeolum peregrinum var. weberbaueri (Loes.) Sparre

Synonyms: Tropaeolum peregrinum weberbaueri Loes.
Reference: Sparre, B. & L. Andersson, 1991: 111. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 6547* (US), Kolenborn 158 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima.


$


 Tropaeolum purpureum Killip



Tropaeolum purpureum Killip

Synonyms: Tropaeolum purpureum Soukup
Reference: Flora Peru: 644: 618; Sparre, B. & L. Andersson, 1991: 51. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, forests. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 7788* (F), N&uacute;&ntilde;ez & Delgado 7911 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Puno.


$


 Tropaeolum repandum Heilborn



Tropaeolum repandum Heilborn

Reference: Sparre, B. & L. Andersson, 1991: 99. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, riversides. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Kujikat 101 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Tropaeolum seemannii Buchenau



Tropaeolum seemannii Buchenau

Reference: Flora Peru: 644: 618; Sparre, B. & L. Andersson, 1991: 118. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: disturbed areas. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Pennell 13046 (F)
Departments: Arequipa, Tacna.


$


 Tropaeolum smithii DC.



Tropaeolum smithii DC.

Reference: Flora Peru: 644: 619; Sparre, B. & L. Andersson, 1991: 59. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: cloud forests, grasslands. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison et al. s.n. (US)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Tropaeolum stipulatum Buchenau



Tropaeolum stipulatum Buchenau

Synonyms: Tropaeolum stipulatum Hughes
Reference: Sparre, B. & L. Andersson, 1991: 82. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: forests. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 7034 (F)
Departments: Amazonas, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tropaeolum tuberosum Ruiz & Pav.



Tropaeolum tuberosum Ruiz & Pav.

$


 Tropaeolum tuberosum Ruiz & Pav. subsp.tuberosum



Tropaeolum tuberosum Ruiz & Pav. subsp. tuberosum 

Reference: Flora Peru: 644: 619; Sparre, B. & L. Andersson, 1991: 55. 
Ecology: Cultivated vine. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, rocky slopes. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MO!), Brunel 447 (MO!)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Cuzco, Lima, Moquegua, Pasco, Puno.


$


 Tropaeolum tuberosum subsp.silvestre Sparre



Tropaeolum tuberosum subsp. silvestre Sparre

Reference: Sparre, B. & L. Andersson, 1991: 56. 
Ecology: Native vine. Andean II: forests, rocky slopes. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 19859 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, La Libertad.


$


 Tropaeolum vargasianum Soukup


Tropaeolum vargasianum Soukup = Tropaeolum purpureum Killip

Reference: FP 644: 620; Sparre, B. & L. Andersson, 1991: 51. 


$


 Tropaeolum weberbaueri Loes.


Tropaeolum weberbaueri Loes. = Tropaeolum peregrinum var. weberbaueri (Loes.) Sparre

Reference: FP 644: 620; Sparre, B. & L. Andersson, 1991: 111. 


$


 Trophis americana var. meridionalis Bureau


Trophis americana var. meridionalis Bureau = Trophis racemosa subsp. meridionalis (Bureau) W.C. Burger

Reference: FP 1233: 308; Burger, W. C., 1962: 8. 


$


 Trophis caucana (Pittier) C.C. Berg



Trophis caucana (Pittier) C.C. Berg

Synonyms: Trophis caucana Klotzsch, Trophis caucana Pittier, Trophis caucana Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Berg, C. C., 1988: 354. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests. 0-2000 m. 
Note: The name Trophis aspera was preoccupied, so the combination based on the older name was not possible. 
Voucher: Alcorn & Mallet 17 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Trophis laurifolia Willd.


Trophis laurifolia Willd. = Styloceras laurifolium (Willd.) Kunth

Reference: FP 676: 221. 


$


 Trophis racemosa (L.) Urb.



Trophis racemosa (L.) Urb.

$


 Trophis racemosa subsp.meridionalis (Bureau) W.C. Burger



Trophis racemosa subsp. meridionalis (Bureau) W.C. Burger

Synonyms: Trophis racemosa var. meridionalis (Bureau) J.F. Macbr., Trophis racemosa var. meridionalis Bureau
Reference: Burger, W. C., 1962: 8. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, riversides. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 4521* (K), Klug 3794 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Trophis racemosa subsp.racemosa



Trophis racemosa subsp. racemosa 

Synonyms: Trophis racemosa racemosa L.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1233: 308. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Trophis racemosa var. meridionalis (Bureau) J.F. Macbr.


Trophis racemosa var. meridionalis (Bureau) J.F. Macbr. = Trophis racemosa subsp. meridionalis (Bureau) W.C. Burger

Reference: FP 1233: 308; Burger, W. C., 1962: 8. 


$


 Troxirum filiforme (Ruiz & Pav.) Raf.


Troxirum filiforme (Ruiz & Pav.) Raf. = Peperomia filiformis Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1216: 45. 


$


 Trozelia umbellata (R. & P.) Raf.


Trozelia umbellata (R. & P.) Raf. = Iochroma umbellatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Hunziker ex D'Arcy

Reference: FP 1349: 53 ; D'Arcy, W. G., 1989: 510. 


$


 Trychinolepis hoppii B. Robinson


Trychinolepis hoppii B. Robinson = Ophryosporus hoppii (B. Robinson) R.M. King & H. Rob.

Reference: King, R. M. & H. Robinson, 1987: 571. 


$


 Trymatococcus amazonicus Poepp. & Endl.



Trymatococcus amazonicus Poepp. & Endl.

Synonyms: Trymatococcus amazonicus (Spruce ex Baillon) Ducke
Reference: Flora Peru: 1233: 330; Berg, C. C., 1972: 212; Spichiger, R., J. Meroz, P. Loizeau & L. Stutz de Ortega, 1989: 84. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: forests on white sand, terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 2630* (W), Revilla 221 (MO!, USM!)
Departments: Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Trymatococcus turbinatus (Spruce ex Baillon) Ducke


Trymatococcus turbinatus (Spruce ex Baillon) Ducke = Trymatococcus amazonicus Poepp. & Endl.

Reference: FP 1233: 330; Berg, C. C., 1972: 212. 


$


 Tschudya rufescens DC.


Tschudya rufescens DC. = Leandra rufescens (DC.) Cogn.

$


 Tula adansoni Roemer & Schultes


Tula adansoni Roemer & Schultes = Nolana adansonii (Roemer & Schultes) I.M. Johnst.

Reference: FP 1288: 836; Mesa, A., 1981: 156. 


$


 Tunatea arborescens (Aubl.) Kuntze


Tunatea arborescens (Aubl.) Kuntze = Swartzia arborescens (Aubl.) Pittier

Reference: Cowan, R. S., 1968: 180. 


$


 Tunatea cuspidata (Spruce ex Benth.) Kuntze


Tunatea cuspidata (Spruce ex Benth.) Kuntze = Swartzia cuspidata Spruce ex Benth.

Reference: Cowan, R. S., 1968: 124. 


$


 Tunatea myrtifolia (Smith) Kuntze


Tunatea myrtifolia (Smith) Kuntze = Swartzia myrtifolia Smith var. myrtifolia 

Reference: Cowan, R. S., 1968: 168. 


$


 Tunatea simplex (Spreng.) Kuntze


Tunatea simplex (Spreng.) Kuntze = Swartzia simplex (Sw.) Spreng. var. simplex 

Reference: Cowan, R. S., 1968: 174. 


$


 Tupa decurrens (Cavanilles) G. Don


Tupa decurrens (Cavanilles) G. Don = Lobelia decurrens Cav.

$


 Tupa obovata G. Don


Tupa obovata G. Don = Siphocampylus obovatus (G. Don) E. Wimm.

Reference: FP 1381: 460; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 367. 


$


 Tupa ovata G. Don


Tupa ovata G. Don = Siphocampylus ovatus (G. Don) E. Wimm.

Reference: FP 1381: 461. 


$


 Tupa secunda G. Don


Tupa secunda G. Don = Siphocampylus pavonis E. Wimm.

Reference: FP 1381: 463; Wimmer, F. E., 1953: 364. 


$


 Turbina cordata (Choisy) Austin & Staples



Turbina cordata (Choisy) Austin & Staples

Synonyms: Turbina cordata Choisy
Reference: Austin, D. F. & G. W. Staples, 1991: 272. 
Ecology: Native liana, vine. Andean II-III: riversides, shrublands. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Stork et al. 10516 (GH)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac.


$


 Turbina corymbosa (L.) Raf.



Turbina corymbosa (L.) Raf.

Synonyms: Turbina corymbosa (L.) Hallier f., Turbina corymbosa (L.) Ooststr., Turbina corymbosa (L.) Roth ex Roem. & Schult., Turbina corymbosa Choisy, Turbina corymbosa Kunth, Turbina corymbosa L.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1344: 476; Austin, D. F., 1982: 92; Austin, D. F. & G. W. Staples, 1991: 273. 
Ecology: Native liana, vine. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 8366 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Turnera acuta Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.



Turnera acuta Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.

Reference: Flora Peru: 737: 83. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 15841 (MO!, USM)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Turnera cistoides L.


Turnera cistoides L. = Piriqueta cistoides (L.) Griseb.

Reference: FP 737: 85; Arbo, M. M., 1987: 9. 


$


 Turnera luminosa J.F. Macbr.


Turnera luminosa J.F. Macbr. = Turnera weddelliana Urban & Rolfe

Reference: FP 737: 83; Arbo, pers. comm.. 


$


 Turnera macrophylla Urb.



Turnera macrophylla Urb.

Reference: Flora Peru: 737: 83. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   Questionably in Peru; one of the syntypes, Wallis s.n. (LE), was collected in "andibus peruvianus."  Modern collections are expected from Peru (Arbo, pers. comm.). 


$


 Turnera orientalis (Urb.) Arbo



Turnera orientalis (Urb.) Arbo

Synonyms: Turnera orientalis Urb.
Reference: Arbo, M. M., 1985: 177. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Amazonian, Andean I, Coastal: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 10084 (MO!, USM)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, La Libertad, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Turnera peruviana Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.


Turnera peruviana Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. = Turnera subulata Smith

Reference: FP 737: 84; Arbo, pers. comm.. 
Note: NN  


$


 Turnera pumilea L.



Turnera pumilea L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 737: 84; Arbo, M. M., 1987: 40. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II, Coastal: disturbed areas, grasslands, rocky slopes. 0-3500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 5920 (MO!)
Departments: Lambayeque, La Libertad, Piura, San Mart&iacute;n, Tumbes.


$


 Turnera scabra Millsp.



Turnera scabra Millsp.

Synonyms: Turnera scabra Urb.
Reference: Arbo, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Turnera subulata Smith



Turnera subulata Smith

Synonyms: Turnera subulata Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.
Reference: Arbo, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Turnera ulmifolia L.



Turnera ulmifolia L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 737: 84; Arbo, M. M., 1985: 177. 
Note: Not known from Peru. . This is a species of the Caribbean region.  Collections cited in the Flora of Peru under this species [as var. intermedia Urban] have been redetermined as T. orientalis (Arbo, pers. comm.). 


$


 Turnera ulmifolia var. intermedia Urb.


Turnera ulmifolia var. intermedia Urb. = Turnera scabra Millsp.

Reference: FP 737: 84; Arbo, pers. comm.. 
Note: NN  


$


 Turnera ulmifolia var. orientalis Urb.


Turnera ulmifolia var. orientalis Urb. = Turnera orientalis (Urb.) Arbo

Reference: Arbo, M. M., 1985: 177. 


$


 Turnera weddelliana Urban & Rolfe



Turnera weddelliana Urban & Rolfe

Synonyms: Turnera weddelliana J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 737: 85; Arbo, M. M., 1987: 33. 
Ecology: Native shrub, subshrub. Andean I-II: dry valleys, forests. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 13659 (US)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$



$


 Turpinia heterophylla (Ruiz & Pav.) Tul.


Turpinia heterophylla (Ruiz & Pav.) Tul. = Turpinia occidentalis (Sw.) G. Don

Reference: FP 691: 234; Croat, T. B., 1977: 394. 


$


 Turpinia laurifolia Humb. & Bonpl.


Turpinia laurifolia Humb. & Bonpl. = Fulcaldea laurifolia (Humb. & Bonpl.) Poir. ex Less.

Reference: Harling, G., 1991: 20. 


$


 Turpinia occidentalis (Sw.) G. Don



Turpinia occidentalis (Sw.) G. Don

Synonyms: Turpinia occidentalis (Ruiz & Pav.) Tul., Turpinia occidentalis Ruiz & Pav., Turpinia occidentalis Sw.
Reference: Croat, T. B., 1977: 394. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-3000 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez 7197 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Turpinia punctata (Willd.) Pers.


Turpinia punctata (Willd.) Pers. = Poiretia punctata (Willd.) Desv.

Reference: Rudd, V. E., 1972: 142. 


$


 Turritis hispidula DC.


Turritis hispidula DC. = Halimolobus hispidula var. hispidula 

Reference: FP 614: 977. 


$


 Tussacia fulgens Klotzsch ex Beer


Tussacia fulgens Klotzsch ex Beer = Tillandsia tetrantha var. aurantiaca (Griseb.) L.B. Sm.

Reference: FP 1179: 540; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1054. 


$


 Tussacia sessiliflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Beer


Tussacia sessiliflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Beer = Catopsis sessiliflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez

Reference: FP 1179: 577; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1385. 


$


 Tussilago integerrima Vell.


Tussilago integerrima Vell. = Chaptalia integerrima (Vell.) Burkhart

$


 Tussilago nutans L.


Tussilago nutans L. = Chaptalia nutans (L.) Pol.

Reference: Harling, G., 1991: 53. 


$


 Tyloderma praecelsa Miers


Tyloderma praecelsa Miers = Hylenaea praecelsa (Miers) A.C. Sm.

Reference: Dodson, C.H. & Robyns, A., 1965: 90. 


$


 Tylothrasya petrosa (Trin.) D&ouml;ll


Tylothrasya petrosa (Trin.) D&ouml;ll = Thrasya petrosa var. petrosa 

Reference: Doell, J. C., 1877: 296; Burman, A. G., 1985 [1987]: 59. 


$


 Tynanthus hyacinthinus Standl.


Tynanthus hyacinthinus Standl. = Mussatia hyacinthina (Standl.) Sandwith

Reference: FP 1362: 51; Gentry, A. H., 1982: 279. 


$


 Tynanthus laxiflorus Miers


Tynanthus laxiflorus Miers = Tynanthus polyanthus (Bureau) Sandwith

Reference: FP 1362: 49; Gentry, A. H., 1982: 425. 


$


 Tynanthus myrianthus Bureau & K. Schum.


Tynanthus myrianthus Bureau & K. Schum. = Tynanthus polyanthus (Bureau) Sandwith

Reference: FP 1362: 49; Gentry, A. H., 1982: 425. 


$


 Tynanthus panurensis (Bureau) Sandwith



Tynanthus panurensis (Bureau) Sandwith

Synonyms: Tynanthus panurensis Bureau
Reference: Gentry, A. H., 1974: 876. 
Ecology: Native liana, vine. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 1972 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Tynanthus polyanthus (Bureau) Sandwith



Tynanthus polyanthus (Bureau) Sandwith

Synonyms: Tynanthus polyanthus Bureau, Tynanthus polyanthus Bureau & K. Schum., Tynanthus polyanthus Miers
Reference: Flora Peru: 1362: 49; Gentry, A. H., 1982: 425. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian, Andean I: terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 4895* (K!), Gentry & Revilla 16354 (AMAZ!, MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Tynanthus pubescens A.H. Gentry



Tynanthus pubescens A.H. Gentry

Reference: Gentry, A. H., 1982: 427. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 25579 (MO!, USM!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Tynanthus schumannianus (Kuntze) A.H. Gentry



Tynanthus schumannianus (Kuntze) A.H. Gentry

Synonyms: Tynanthus schumannianus Kuntze


$


 Tynanthus villosus A.H. Gentry



Tynanthus villosus A.H. Gentry

Reference: Gentry, A. H., 1976: 60. 
Ecology: Endemic liana. Amazonian, Andean I: terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 6852* (MO!), Croat 21121 (MO)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Tynanthus weberbaueri Sprague



Tynanthus weberbaueri Sprague

Reference: Flora Peru: 1362: 50; Gentry, A. H., 1974: 876. 
Ecology: Endemic liana. Andean I: dry valleys. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 1896* (MOL!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Typha angustifolia L.



Typha angustifolia L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1256: 87; Woodson, Jr, R. E. & Schery, R. W., 1943: 99. 
Ecology: Native aquatic herb. .. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Killip 12186 


$


 Typha domingensis Pers.



Typha domingensis Pers.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1256: 87; Standley, P.C. & Steyermark, J.A., 1958: 64. 
Ecology: Native aquatic herb. Andean I: emergent. 1000-1500 m. 
Note: Treated as a synonym under T. angustifolia in the Flora of Peru with author cited as "Kunth".  
Voucher: Smith 6054 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Cajamarca, Lima.


$


 Ugni myricoides (Kunth) O. Berg



Ugni myricoides (Kunth) O. Berg

Synonyms: Ugni myricoides Kunth
Reference: Flora Peru: 760: 802; McVaugh, R., 1969: 264; Landrum, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Wurdack 1425 (NY)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Ulearum sagittatum Engl.



Ulearum sagittatum Engl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 853: 485; Madison, M. T., 1980: 101. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ule 6323 (B), Schunke 1239 (F!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Uleiorchis ulaei (Cogn.) Handro



Uleiorchis ulaei (Cogn.) Handro

Synonyms: Uleiorchis ulaei Cogn.
Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Uleophytum scandens Hieron.



Uleophytum scandens Hieron.

Reference: King, R. M. & H. Robinson, 1987: 373, 571. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ule 6556* (US!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Ulloa parasitica (R. & P.) Pers.


Ulloa parasitica (R. & P.) Pers. = Juanulloa parasitica Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1349: 86; Hunziker, A. T. & R. Subils, 1991: 225. 


$


 Ullucus aborigineus Bruecher


Ullucus aborigineus Bruecher = Ullucus tuberosus subsp. aborigineus (Bruecher) Sperling

Reference: Sperling, C. R., 1987: 133. 


$


 Ullucus kunthii Moq.


Ullucus kunthii Moq. = Ullucus tuberosus subsp. tuberosus 

Reference: FP 1265: 575; Sperling, C. R., 1987: 128. 


$


 Ullucus tuberosus Caldas



Ullucus tuberosus Caldas

$


 Ullucus tuberosus subsp.aborigineus (Bruecher) Sperling



Ullucus tuberosus subsp. aborigineus (Bruecher) Sperling

Synonyms: Ullucus tuberosus aborigineus Bruecher
Reference: Sperling, C. R., 1987: 132. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: disturbed areas. 2500-4000 m. 
Note: New combination made in Appendix 1. 
Voucher: Stork & Horton 10796 (F!)
Departments: Ancash, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Ullucus tuberosus subsp.tuberosus



Ullucus tuberosus subsp. tuberosus 

Synonyms: Ullucus tuberosus tuberosus Kunth, Ullucus tuberosus tuberosus Moq., Ullucus tuberosus tuberosus Moq.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1265: 575; Sperling, C. R., 1987: 128. 
Ecology: Cultivated herb. Andean II-III: disturbed areas. 2500-4500 m. 
Voucher:  King et al. 156 (F!)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Puno.


$


 Ulticona aspera (Ruiz & Pav.) Raf.


Ulticona aspera (Ruiz & Pav.) Raf. = Jaltomata aspera (Ruiz & Pav.) T. Mione & F. G. Coe

Reference: FP 1349: 30; Mione, T., G. J. Anderson & M. Nee, 1993: XX; Mione, pers. comm.. 


$


 Ulticona biflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Raf.


Ulticona biflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Raf. = Jaltomata bicolor (Ruiz & Pav.) Mione & M. Nee

Reference: FP 1349: 30; Mione, pers. comm.. 


$


 Unanuea dentata (Minod) Pennell


Unanuea dentata (Minod) Pennell = Stemodia suffruticosa Kunth

Reference: FP 1361: 710. 


$


 Unanuea febrifuga Steud.


Unanuea febrifuga Steud. = Stemodia suffruticosa Kunth

Reference: FP 1361: 710. 


$


 Unanuea suffruticosa (Kunth) Steud.


Unanuea suffruticosa (Kunth) Steud. = Stemodia suffruticosa Kunth

$


 Uncaria guianensis (Aubl.) Gmelin



Uncaria guianensis (Aubl.) Gmelin

Synonyms: Uncaria guianensis Aubl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 11; Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 33. 
Ecology: Native liana, shrub, vine. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests, riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 13619 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Uncaria tomentosa (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) DC.



Uncaria tomentosa (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) DC.

Synonyms: Uncaria tomentosa (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Schumann, Uncaria tomentosa Kunth, Uncaria tomentosa Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 12; Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 36. 
Ecology: Native liana, shrub, vine. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests, riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Smith & Shuhler 420 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, Ucayali.


$


 Uncinia brevicaulis (Mackenz.) Thouars



Uncinia brevicaulis (Mackenz.) Thouars

$


 Uncinia hamata (Sw.) Urb.



Uncinia hamata (Sw.) Urb.

Synonyms: Uncinia hamata Sw.
Reference: Flora Peru: 735: 313. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, grasslands. 500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Iltis & Iltis 1060 (NY!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Uncinia phleoides (Cav.) Pers.



Uncinia phleoides (Cav.) Pers.

Synonyms: Uncinia phleoides Cav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 735: 314. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: riversides. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui 12087 (NY!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Uniola peruviana Laegaard & S&aacute;nchez Vega



Uniola peruviana Laegaard & S&aacute;nchez Vega

Reference: Laegaard, S. & I. S&aacute;nchez Vega, 1990: 439. 
Ecology. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: S&aacute;nchez 2642* (CPUN)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Uniola pittieri Hack.



Uniola pittieri Hack.

Reference: Tovar, O., 1981: 113. 
Ecology: Native herb. Coastal: beach. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Raimondi 1095 (USM)
Departments: Tumbes.


$


 Uniola spicata L.


Uniola spicata L. = Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene

Reference: FP 719: 137. 


$


 Uniola stricta Torr.


Uniola stricta Torr. = Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene

Reference: Beetle, A. A., 1955: 91; Davidse, pers. comm.. 


$


 Uniola thalassica (Kunth) Trin.


Uniola thalassica (Kunth) Trin. = Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene

Reference: FP 719: 137. 


$


 Unonopsis elegantissima R.E. Fr.



Unonopsis elegantissima R.E. Fr.

Reference: Maas, P. J. M., E. A. Mennega & L. Y. Th. Westra, 1987: 117. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests on white sand. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 2524* (S), Maas et al. 6262 (MO!, MOL!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Unonopsis floribunda Diels



Unonopsis floribunda Diels

Reference: Flora Peru: 1277: 741; Spichiger, R., J. Meroz, P. Loizeau & L. Stutz de Ortega, 1989: 129. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: seasonally inundated areas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Tessmann 3262* (B photo MO!), Gentry et al. 65778 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Unonopsis gracilis R.E. Fr.



Unonopsis gracilis R.E. Fr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1277: 740. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Williams 3645* (F), Croat 18608 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Unonopsis grandis (Benth.) R.E. Fr.



Unonopsis grandis (Benth.) R.E. Fr.

Synonyms: Unonopsis grandis Benth.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1277: 739. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 3163* , Schunke 4058 (MOL!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Unonopsis guatterioides (A. DC.) R.E. Fr.



Unonopsis guatterioides (A. DC.) R.E. Fr.

Synonyms: Unonopsis guatterioides A. DC.
Reference: Maas, P. J. M., E. A. Mennega & L. Y. Th. Westra, 1987: 118. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Davidson & Revilla 5408 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Unonopsis matthewsii (Benth.) R.E. Fr.



Unonopsis matthewsii (Benth.) R.E. Fr.

Synonyms: Unonopsis matthewsii Benth.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1277: 739. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Mathews 1421* (P photo MO!), Maas et al. 6184 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Unonopsis obovata R.E. Fr.



Unonopsis obovata R.E. Fr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1277: 740. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 27985* (US)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Unonopsis peruviana R.E. Fr.



Unonopsis peruviana R.E. Fr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1277: 739. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Williams 1184* (F), V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 7784 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Unonopsis polyphleba Diels


Unonopsis polyphleba Diels = Pseudoxandra polyphleba (Diels) R.E. Fr.

Reference: FP 1277: 722. 


$


 Unonopsis spectabilis Diels



Unonopsis spectabilis Diels

Reference: Spichiger, R., J. Meroz, P. Loizeau & L. Stutz de Ortega, 1989: 129. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Maas et al. 6229 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, Ucayali.


$


 Unonopsis stipitata Diels



Unonopsis stipitata Diels

Reference: Flora Peru: 1277: 742; Spichiger, R., J. Meroz, P. Loizeau & L. Stutz de Ortega, 1989: 132. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ule 6191* (G), Davidson 5294A (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Unonopsis veneficiorum (Mart.) R.E. Fr.



Unonopsis veneficiorum (Mart.) R.E. Fr.

Synonyms: Unonopsis veneficiorum Mart.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1277: 741; Fries, R. E., 1947: 7. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez et al. 7831 (MO)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Unonopsis williamsii R.E. Fr.



Unonopsis williamsii R.E. Fr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1277: 738. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Williams 3449* (F), Maas et al. 6293 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto.


$


 Unxia dissecta Hooker


Unxia dissecta Hooker = Vasquezia oppositifolia (Lag.) S.F. Blake

$


 Urachne haenkeana Trin. & Rupr.


Urachne haenkeana Trin. & Rupr. = Nassella inconspicua (J. Presl) Barkworth

Reference: FP 719: 180; Tovar, O., 1988: 86. 


$


 Urachne inconspicua Trin. & Rupr.


Urachne inconspicua Trin. & Rupr. = Nassella inconspicua (J. Presl) Barkworth

$


 Urachne laevis Trin. & Rupr.


Urachne laevis Trin. & Rupr. = Nassella pubiflora (Trin. & Rupr.) Desv.

Reference: FP 719: 176. 


$


 Urachne meyeniana Trin. & Rupr.


Urachne meyeniana Trin. & Rupr. = Nassella meyeniana (Trin. & Rupr.) Parodi

Reference: FP 719: 176; Parodi, L. R., 1947: 379. 


$


 Urachne obtusa (Nees & Meyen) Trin. & Rupr.


Urachne obtusa (Nees & Meyen) Trin. & Rupr. = Stipa obtusa (Nees & Meyen) Hitchc.

Reference: FP 719: 181. 


$


 Urachne pubiflora Trin. & Rupr.


Urachne pubiflora Trin. & Rupr. = Nassella pubiflora (Trin. & Rupr.) Desv.

Reference: FP 719: 176. 


$


 Urachne simplex var. peruviana Trin. & Rupr.


Urachne simplex var. peruviana Trin. & Rupr. = Piptochaetium panicoides (Lam.) Desv.

Reference: FP 719: 176; Parodi, L. R., 1944: 299. 


$


 Uragoga alba (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze


Uragoga alba (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze = Psychotria carthagenensis Jacq.

Reference: FP 1365: 182; Steyermark, J. A., 1972: 466. 


$


 Uragoga buchtienii H. Winkler


Uragoga buchtienii H. Winkler = Psychotria buchtienii (H. Winkler) Standl.

Reference: FP 1365: 185; Standley, P. C., 1931: 303. 


$


 Uragoga emetica (L. f.) Baill.


Uragoga emetica (L. f.) Baill. = Psychotria emetica L. f.

Reference: FP 1365: 191. 


$


 Uragoga flaviflora Krause


Uragoga flaviflora Krause = Psychotria flaviflora (Krause) C.M. Taylor

Reference: FP 1365: 151. 


$


 Uragoga foveolata (Ruiz & Pav.) M. G&oacute;mez


Uragoga foveolata (Ruiz & Pav.) M. G&oacute;mez = Psychotria carthagenensis Jacq.

Reference: FP 1365: 187. 


$


 Uragoga leucantha Krause


Uragoga leucantha Krause = Psychotria ferreyrae C.M. Taylor

Reference: FP 1365: 152. 


$


 Uragoga schraderoides Krause


Uragoga schraderoides Krause = Psychotria schraderoides (Krause) C.M. Taylor

Reference: FP 1365: 155. 


$


 Uragoga tomentosa (Aubl.) Schumann


Uragoga tomentosa (Aubl.) Schumann = Psychotria poeppigiana subsp. poeppigiana 

Reference: FP 1365: 155. 


$


 Uragoga trichocephala (Poepp. & Endl.) Kuntze


Uragoga trichocephala (Poepp. & Endl.) Kuntze = Psychotria trichocephala Poepp. & Endl.

Reference: FP 1365: 156. 


$


 Uragoga weberbaueri Krause


Uragoga weberbaueri Krause = Coffea umbellata Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1365: 156. 


$


 Urania barbata (L.) Desv.


Urania barbata (L.) Desv. = Desmodium barbatum (L.) Benth. in Miq.

Reference: Schubert, B. G., 1980: 634. 


$


 Urania guyannensis Richard


Urania guyannensis Richard = Phenakospermum guyannense ( Richard) Endl.

$


 Urbanella buchananiaefolia Pierre


Urbanella buchananiaefolia Pierre = Pouteria procera (Martius) T.D. Penn.

Reference: FP 1297: 138; Pennington, T. D., 1990: 504. 


$


 Urbanodoxa rhomboidea (Hook.) Muschl.


Urbanodoxa rhomboidea (Hook.) Muschl. = Cremolobus rhomboideus Hook.

Reference: FP 614: 944; Khanna, K. R. & R. C. Rollins, 1965: 155. 


$


 Urbanosciadium strictum H. Wolff


Urbanosciadium strictum H. Wolff = Niphogeton stricta (H. Wolff) Mathias & Constance

Reference: FP 1293: 84; Mathias, M. E. & L. Constance, 1951: 419. 


$


 Urceolina ayacucensis Ravenna



Urceolina ayacucensis Ravenna

Reference: Ravenna, P., 1983: 51. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 6652* (F!)
Departments: Ayacucho.


$


 Urceolina castelnaeana (Baill.) Traub


Urceolina castelnaeana (Baill.) Traub = Eucharis castelnaeana (Baill.) J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Meerow, A. W., 1989: 201. 


$


 Urceolina corynandra Ravenna


Urceolina corynandra Ravenna = Eucharis corynandra (Ravenna) Ravenna

Reference: Meerow, A. W., 1989: 196. 


$


 Urceolina cuzcoensis Vargas



Urceolina cuzcoensis Vargas

Reference: Vargas C., C., 1974: 38. 
Ecology. 1000-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Vargas C. 22099* (CUZ)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Urceolina fulva Herbert



Urceolina fulva Herbert

Synonyms: Urceolina fulva (Herbert) Baker
Reference: Flora Peru: 1190: 686. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Urceolina ipariensis Ravenna


Urceolina ipariensis Ravenna = Eucharis ulei Kraenzl.

Reference: Meerow, A. W., 1989: 192. 


$


 Urceolina latifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Bentham & Hooker f., nom. illeg.


Urceolina latifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Bentham & Hooker f., nom. illeg. = Urceolina valida Ravenna

Reference: FP 1190: 687; Ravenna, P., 1985: 96. 


$


 Urceolina microcrater Kraenzl.



Urceolina microcrater Kraenzl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1190: 687; Ravenna, P., 1983: 53. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I: grasslands. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Soukup 581 (F!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Urceolina miniata (Herbert) Benth. & Hook. f.


Urceolina miniata (Herbert) Benth. & Hook. f. = Stenomesson miniatum (Herbert) Ravenna

Reference: FP 1190: 687; Ravenna, P., 1978: 69. 


$


 Urceolina oxyandra Ravenna


Urceolina oxyandra Ravenna = Eucharis oxyandra (Ravenna) Ravenna

Reference: Ravenna, P., 1985: 95. 


$


 Urceolina pendula Herbert


Urceolina pendula Herbert = Urceolina urceolata (Ruiz & Pav.) Ascherson & Graebner

Reference: FP 1190: 688. 


$


 Urceolina pendula var. fulva (Herbert) Baker


Urceolina pendula var. fulva (Herbert) Baker = Urceolina fulva Herbert

Reference: FP 1190: 686. 


$


 Urceolina peruviana (C. Presl) J.F. Macbr.


Urceolina peruviana (C. Presl) J.F. Macbr. = Stenomesson miniatum (Herbert) Ravenna

Reference: FP 1190: 687; Ravenna, P., 1978: 69. 


$


 Urceolina robledoana (Vargas) Traub



Urceolina robledoana (Vargas) Traub

Synonyms: Urceolina robledoana Vargas
Reference: Vargas C., C., 1960: 8. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Vargas 12306* 
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Urceolina urceolata (Ruiz & Pav.) Ascherson & Graebner



Urceolina urceolata (Ruiz & Pav.) Ascherson & Graebner

Synonyms: Urceolina urceolata Herbert, Urceolina urceolata Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1190: 687; Ravenna, P., 1983: 53. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 6741 (MOL!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Urceolina valida Ravenna



Urceolina valida Ravenna

Synonyms: Urceolina valida (Ruiz & Pav.) Bentham & Hooker f., nom. illeg., Urceolina valida (Ruiz & Pav.) Herbert, Urceolina valida Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Ravenna, P., 1985: 96. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Note: This is a nom. nov. for U. latifolia. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n. (MA)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Urceolina weberbaueri Vargas



Urceolina weberbaueri Vargas

Reference: Vargas C., C., 1974: 36. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Vargas C. 22029* (CUZ)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Urena lobata L.



Urena lobata L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1302: 459; Fryxell, P. A., 1988: 443; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 120. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub, subshrub. Amazonian, Andean I, Coastal: disturbed areas, forests on white sand, seasonally inundated areas. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 10750 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Lima, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Urena lobata var. reticulata (Cav.) Guerke


Urena lobata var. reticulata (Cav.) Guerke = Urena reticulata Cav.

Reference: Hochreutiner, B. P. G., 1901: 138. 


$


 Urena reticulata Cav.



Urena reticulata Cav.

Synonyms: Urena reticulata (Cav.) Guerke
Reference: Hochreutiner, B. P. G., 1901: 138. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: grasslands. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ayala et al. 3256 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Urena typhalea L.


Urena typhalea L. = Pavonia fruticosa (Mill.) Fawc. & Rendle

Reference: FP 1302: 462; Robyns, A., 1966: 537; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 89. 


$


 Urera acuminata Miq.


Urera acuminata Miq. = Urera caracasana (Jacq.) Gaudich. ex Griseb.

Reference: FP 1235: 362; de Rooij, M. J. M., 1975: 306. 


$


 Urera baccifera (L.) Gaudich.



Urera baccifera (L.) Gaudich.

Synonyms: Urera baccifera L.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1235: 361; Burger, W., 1977: 277. 
Ecology: Native hemiepiphyte, herb, liana, shrub. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Frohner 219 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Tumbes, Ucayali.


$


 Urera capitata var. pavonii Wedd.


Urera capitata var. pavonii Wedd. = Urera caracasana (Jacq.) Gaudich. ex Griseb.

Reference: FP 1235: 362. 


$


 Urera caracasana (Jacq.) Gaudich. ex Griseb.



Urera caracasana (Jacq.) Gaudich. ex Griseb.

Synonyms: Urera caracasana (Miq.) Wedd., Urera caracasana (Miq.) Wedd., Urera caracasana (Wedd.) Wedd., Urera caracasana Jacq., Urera caracasana Miq., Urera caracasana Miq., Urera caracasana Wedd., Urera caracasana Wedd., Urera caracasana Wedd.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1235: 362; Soraru, S. B., 1972: 286. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree, treelet. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests, forests on white sand, riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 3513 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Urera caracasana var. miquelii (Wedd.) Wedd.


Urera caracasana var. miquelii (Wedd.) Wedd. = Urera caracasana (Jacq.) Gaudich. ex Griseb.

Reference: FP 1235: 362; de Rooij, M. J. M., 1975: 306. 


$


 Urera caracasana var. subpeltata (Miq.) Wedd.


Urera caracasana var. subpeltata (Miq.) Wedd. = Urera caracasana (Jacq.) Gaudich. ex Griseb.

Reference: FP 1235: 362; de Rooij, M. J. M., 1975: 306. 


$


 Urera eggersii Hieron.



Urera eggersii Hieron.

Reference: Croat, T. B., 1978: 365. 
Ecology: Native herb, liana, shrub, tree, vine. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests, riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-2000 m. 
Note: Included in Flora of Peru under U. caracasana. 
Voucher: Solomon 3348 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Urera jacquini var. miquelii Wedd.


Urera jacquini var. miquelii Wedd. = Urera caracasana (Jacq.) Gaudich. ex Griseb.

Reference: FP 1235: 362; de Rooij, M. J. M., 1975: 306. 


$


 Urera jacquini var. subpeltata (Miq.) Wedd.


Urera jacquini var. subpeltata (Miq.) Wedd. = Urera caracasana (Jacq.) Gaudich. ex Griseb.

Reference: FP 1235: 362; de Rooij, M. J. M., 1975: 306. 


$


 Urera jacquini Wedd.


Urera jacquini Wedd. = Urera caracasana (Jacq.) Gaudich. ex Griseb.

Reference: FP 1235: 362; Soraru, S. B., 1972: 286. 


$


 Urera laciniata (Goudot) Wedd.



Urera laciniata (Goudot) Wedd.

Synonyms: Urera laciniata Goudot ex Weddell pro syn.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1235: 363; Burger, W., 1977: 280. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests, riversides, rocky slopes. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Ancuash 490 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Urera subpeltata Miq.


Urera subpeltata Miq. = Urera caracasana (Jacq.) Gaudich. ex Griseb.

Reference: FP 1235: 362; de Rooij, M. J. M., 1975: 306. 


$


 Urocarpidium albiflorum Ulbrich



Urocarpidium albiflorum Ulbrich

Synonyms: Urocarpidium albiflorum (Ulbr.) Krapovickas, Urocarpidium albiflorum Johnst., Urocarpidium albiflorum Krapovickas
Reference: Flora Peru: 1302: 506; D&iacute;az C., I. A., 1970: 139. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean I-II, Coastal: lomas, rocky slopes, shrublands. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 5326* (MO!), Ferreyra 611 (USM!, MO!)
Departments: Arequipa, Lima, La Libertad, Moquegua.


$


 Urocarpidium chilense (Braun) Krapovickas



Urocarpidium chilense (Braun) Krapovickas

Synonyms: Urocarpidium chilense (Turczaninow) Baker, Urocarpidium chilense Braun, Urocarpidium chilense Johnst., Urocarpidium chilense Turcz.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1302: 515; D&iacute;az C., I. A., 1970: 144. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II, Coastal: lomas. 0-3000 m. 
Note: @Lomas don't go this high!@ 
Voucher: Ferreyra et al. 19860 (USM!)
Departments: Ancash, Arequipa, Lima, La Libertad, Moquegua, Tacna, Tumbes.


$


 Urocarpidium corniculatum Krapovickas



Urocarpidium corniculatum Krapovickas

Reference: Krapovickas, A., 1970: 67. 
Ecology. 500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Chanco 25* (USM!), Vargas 19136 (CTES)
Departments: Arequipa, Lima.


$


 Urocarpidium echinatum (C. Presl) Krapovickas



Urocarpidium echinatum (C. Presl) Krapovickas

Synonyms: Urocarpidium echinatum (Johnst.) Krapovickas, Urocarpidium echinatum C. Presl, Urocarpidium echinatum Johnst.


$


 Urocarpidium leptocalyx Krapovickas



Urocarpidium leptocalyx Krapovickas

Reference: Krapovickas, A., 1965: 118. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: L&oacute;pez et al. 2657* (USM!)
Departments: Ancash, La Libertad.


$


 Urocarpidium limense (L.) Krapov.



Urocarpidium limense (L.) Krapov.

Synonyms: Urocarpidium limense (L.) Baker f., Urocarpidium limense (L.) J. Ball, Urocarpidium limense C. Presl, Urocarpidium limense L.
Reference: Hill, S. R., 1982: 392; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 124. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: disturbed areas, rocky slopes. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui & L&oacute;pez 7869 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, La Libertad.


$


 Urocarpidium macrocarpum Krapovickas



Urocarpidium macrocarpum Krapovickas

Reference: D&iacute;az C., I. A., 1970: 149. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean I-II, Coastal: disturbed areas, forests, rocky slopes. 0-3500 m. 
Voucher: Pennell 14589* (US!), Gentry & D&iacute;az 58306 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Huancavelica, Lima, La Libertad, Tumbes.


$


 Urocarpidium mathewsii (Turczaninow) Krapovickas


Urocarpidium mathewsii (Turczaninow) Krapovickas = Urocarpidium peruvianum (Gray) Krapov.

Reference: FP 1302: 520; D&iacute;az C., I. A., 1970: 142. 


$


 Urocarpidium peruvianum (Gray) Krapov.



Urocarpidium peruvianum (Gray) Krapov.

Synonyms: Urocarpidium peruvianum (L.) A. Gray, Urocarpidium peruvianum (Turczaninow) Krapovickas, Urocarpidium peruvianum Hochreutiner, Urocarpidium peruvianum L., Urocarpidium peruvianum Presl, Urocarpidium peruvianum Turcz.
Reference: D&iacute;az C., I. A., 1970: 142. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-III, Coastal: desert, disturbed areas, grasslands, lomas, shrublands. 0-3000 m. 
Voucher: Vega 3454 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Arequipa, Cajamarca, Huancavelica, Ica, Lima, La Libertad.


$


 Urocarpidium shepardae (Johnst.) Krapovickas


Urocarpidium shepardae (Johnst.) Krapovickas = Urocarpidium echinatum (C. Presl) Krapovickas

Reference: Hill, S. R., 1982: 404. 


$


 Urocarpidium stipulatum Fryxell



Urocarpidium stipulatum Fryxell

Reference: Fryxell, P. A., 1990: 168. 
Ecology: Endemic herb, subshrub. Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Burandt et al. 2333 (F, USM)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Urochloa arrecta (Hack. ex T. Durand & Schinz) Morrone & Zuloaga



Urochloa arrecta (Hack. ex T. Durand & Schinz) Morrone & Zuloaga

Synonyms: Urochloa arrecta (Hack. ex T. Durand & Schinz) Stent, Urochloa arrecta Hack. ex T. Durand & Schinz
Reference: Morrone, O. & F. O. Zuloaga, 1992: 69; Stent, S. M., 1924: 263. 
Ecology: Introduced herb. Amazonian: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Encarnaci&oacute;n 26362 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R.D. Webster



Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R.D. Webster

Synonyms: Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf, Urochloa brizantha Hochst. ex A. Rich.
Reference: Morrone, O. & F. O. Zuloaga, 1992: 70. 
Ecology. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez et al. 10236 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R.D. Webster



Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R.D. Webster

Synonyms: Urochloa decumbens Stapf
Reference: Morrone, O. & F. O. Zuloaga, 1992: 72. 
Ecology: Introduced herb. Amazonian: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 17616 (US)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Urochloa eminii (Mez) Davidse



Urochloa eminii (Mez) Davidse

Synonyms: Urochloa eminii (Mez) Robyns, Urochloa eminii Mez
Reference: 0010982, : 336. 
Ecology: Introduced herb. Amazonian: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Note: New combination made in Appendix 1.  
Voucher: Gutte & Mueller 8578 (LZ)
Departments: Madre de Dios.


$


 Urochloa fasciculata (Sw.) R.D. Webster



Urochloa fasciculata (Sw.) R.D. Webster

Synonyms: Urochloa fasciculata (Sw.) Parodi, Urochloa fasciculata Sw.
Reference: Morrone, O. & F. O. Zuloaga, 1992: 77; Parodi, L. R., 1969: 96. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, rocky slopes. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: D&iacute;az & Balde&oacute;n 2363 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Lambayeque, Piura, San Mart&iacute;n, Tumbes.


$


 Urochloa lorentziana (Mez) Morrone & Zuloaga



Urochloa lorentziana (Mez) Morrone & Zuloaga

Synonyms: Urochloa lorentziana (Mez) Parodi, Urochloa lorentziana Mez
Reference: Morrone, O. & F. O. Zuloaga, 1992: 82; Parodi, L. R., 1969: 99; Tovar, O., 1986: 50. 
Ecology: Native herb. Coastal: grasslands. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Simpson & Schunke 825 (F!)
Departments: Piura, Tumbes.


$


 Urochloa mollis (Sw.) Morrone & Zuloaga



Urochloa mollis (Sw.) Morrone & Zuloaga

Synonyms: Urochloa mollis (Sw.) Parodi, Urochloa mollis Sw.
Reference: Morrone, O. & F. O. Zuloaga, 1992: 85; Tovar, O., 1981: 108. 
Ecology: Native herb. Coastal: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 10622 (USM!)
Departments: Tumbes.


$


 Urochloa mutica (Forssk.) Nguyen



Urochloa mutica (Forssk.) Nguyen

Synonyms: Urochloa mutica (Forssk.) Stapf, Urochloa mutica Forssk., Urochloa mutica Trin.
Reference: Morrone, O. & F. O. Zuloaga, 1992: 88; Pohl, R. W., 1980: 105. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Rimachi 5913 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Urochloa oblita (Swallen) Morrone & Zuloaga



Urochloa oblita (Swallen) Morrone & Zuloaga

Synonyms: Urochloa oblita (Swallen) Tovar, Urochloa oblita Swallen
Reference: Morrone, O. & F. O. Zuloaga, 1992: 92; Tovar, O., 1986: 50. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra & Hutchison s.n.* (US), Ferreyra 8245 (USM!)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Urochloa ramosa (L.) Nguyen



Urochloa ramosa (L.) Nguyen

Synonyms: Urochloa ramosa (L.) Stapf, Urochloa ramosa L.
Reference: Clayton, W. D. & S. A. Renvoize, 1982: 599. 
Note: Only known to the Americas from a collection that has not been relocated (Zuloaga, pers. comm.). 
Voucher: Weberbauer 5283 (F)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Urochloa ruziziensis (Germ. & Evrard) Morrone & Zuloaga



Urochloa ruziziensis (Germ. & Evrard) Morrone & Zuloaga

Synonyms: Urochloa ruziziensis Germ. & Evrard
Reference: Morrone, O. & F. O. Zuloaga, 1992: 101. 
Ecology: Introduced herb. . 
Note: This species has been reported on the Tambopata (Madre de Dios Department) checklist. Unconfirmed. 


$


 Urospatha angusta K. Krause


Urospatha angusta K. Krause = Urospatha sagittifolia (Rudge) Schott

Reference: FP 853: 441. 


$


 Urospatha caudata (Poepp.) Schott



Urospatha caudata (Poepp.) Schott

Synonyms: Urospatha caudata (Schott) Poepp.
Reference: Flora Peru: 853: 441; Bunting, G., 1960: 50. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Urospatha decipiens Schott


Urospatha decipiens Schott = Urospatha sagittifolia (Rudge) Schott

Reference: FP 853: 441. 


$


 Urospatha langsdorffiana Schott


Urospatha langsdorffiana Schott = Urospatha sagittifolia (Rudge) Schott

Reference: FP 853: 442. 


$


 Urospatha sagittifolia (Rudge) Schott



Urospatha sagittifolia (Rudge) Schott

Synonyms: Urospatha sagittifolia K. Krause, Urospatha sagittifolia Rudge, Urospatha sagittifolia Schott, Urospatha sagittifolia Schott
Reference: Croat, T. B. & N. Lambert, 1986: 176. 
Ecology: Native aquatic herb. Amazonian: forests, swamps. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez et al. 998 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Urostigma amazonicum Miq.


Urostigma amazonicum Miq. = Ficus amazonica (Miq.) Miq.

Reference: Berg, C. C., M. V&aacute;zquez Avila & F. Kooy, 1984: 175. 


$


 Urostigma casapiense Miq.


Urostigma casapiense Miq. = Ficus casapiensis (Miq.) Miq.

Reference: FP 31431: 302. 


$


 Urostigma geminum Miq.


Urostigma geminum Miq. = Ficus pertusa L. f.

Reference: FP 31431: 302; Berg, pers. comm.. 


$


 Urostigma glabra (Vell.) Miq.


Urostigma glabra (Vell.) Miq. = Ficus glabra Vell.

Reference: Berg, C. C., M. V&aacute;zquez Avila & F. Kooy, 1984: 178. 


$


 Urostigma mathewsii Miq.


Urostigma mathewsii Miq. = Ficus mathewsii (Miq.) Miq.

Reference: FP 31431: 305; Dugand, A., 1955: 233; Berg, C. C., M. V&aacute;zquez Avila & F. Kooy, 1984: 170. 


$


 Urostigma nymphaeifolium (Mill.) Miq.


Urostigma nymphaeifolium (Mill.) Miq. = Ficus nymphaeifolia Mill.

Reference: Berg, C. C., M. V&aacute;zquez Avila & F. Kooy, 1984: 185. 


$


 Urostigma paraense Miq.


Urostigma paraense Miq. = Ficus paraensis (Miq.) Miq.

Reference: FP 31431: 306; Dugand, A., 1955: 235; Berg, C. C., M. V&aacute;zquez Avila & F. Kooy, 1984: 173. 


$


 Urostigma pertusum (L. f.) Miq.


Urostigma pertusum (L. f.) Miq. = Ficus pertusa L. f.

Reference: Berg, C. C., M. V&aacute;zquez Avila & F. Kooy, 1984: 179. 


$


 Urostigma subapiculatum Miq.


Urostigma subapiculatum Miq. = Ficus subapiculata (Miquel) Miq.

Reference: Berg, C. C., M. V&aacute;zquez Avila & F. Kooy, 1984: 169. 


$


 Urostigma trigonum (L. f.) Miq.


Urostigma trigonum (L. f.) Miq. = Ficus trigona L. f.

Reference: Berg, C. C., M. V&aacute;zquez Avila & F. Kooy, 1984: 190. 


$


 Urtica aestuans L.


Urtica aestuans L. = Laportea aestuans (L.) Chew

Reference: FP 1235: 366; Burger, W., 1977: 236. 


$


 Urtica andicola Wedd.


Urtica andicola Wedd. = Urtica echinata Benth.

Reference: FP 1235: 332; Navas, E., 1961: 398. 


$


 Urtica arvensis Poepp. ex Fenzl


Urtica arvensis Poepp. ex Fenzl = Pilea hyalina Fenzl

Reference: FP 1235: 343; Killip, E. P., 1939: 515. 


$


 Urtica baccifera L.


Urtica baccifera L. = Urera baccifera (L.) Gaudich.

Reference: FP 1235: 361; Burger, W., 1977: 277. 


$


 Urtica ballotaefolia Wedd.



Urtica ballotaefolia Wedd.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1235: 333; Badillo M., V., 1945: 261. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: elfin forests, rocky slopes. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui 9704 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca.


$


 Urtica caracasana Jacq.


Urtica caracasana Jacq. = Urera caracasana (Jacq.) Gaudich. ex Griseb.

Reference: FP 1235: 362; Soraru, S. B., 1972: 286. 


$


 Urtica cymosa Pavon ex Weddell pro syn.


Urtica cymosa Pavon ex Weddell pro syn. = Pilea pavonii Wedd.

Reference: FP 1235: 347; Killip, E. P., 1939: 518. 


$


 Urtica dauciodora Ruiz & Pav. ex Wedd.


Urtica dauciodora Ruiz & Pav. ex Wedd. = Pilea dauciodora Wedd.

Reference: FP 1235: 340; Killip, E. P., 1939: 496. 


$


 Urtica dichroa Poepp. ex Wedd.


Urtica dichroa Poepp. ex Wedd. = Pilea fendleri Killip

Reference: FP 1235: 341; Killip, E. P., 1939: 497. 


$


 Urtica echinata Benth.



Urtica echinata Benth.

Synonyms: Urtica echinata Wedd.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1235: 332; Navas, E., 1961: 400. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean III: disturbed areas, grasslands, rocky slopes. 3500- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Smith & Goodwin 8772 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Tacna.


$


 Urtica echinata var. trichantha Wedd.


Urtica echinata var. trichantha Wedd. = Urtica trichantha (Wedd.) Acevedo & Navas

Reference: Navas, E., 1961: 409. 


$


 Urtica flabellata Kunth



Urtica flabellata Kunth

Reference: Flora Peru: 1235: 333; Soraru, S. B., 1972: 269. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, elfin forests, grasslands, riversides, rocky slopes. 1000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Smith et al. 12420 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Puno.


$


 Urtica hirsuta Pavon ex Weddell pro syn.


Urtica hirsuta Pavon ex Weddell pro syn. = Pilea hirsuta Wedd.

Reference: FP 1235: 343; Killip, E. P., 1939: 518. 


$


 Urtica laciniata Goudot ex Weddell pro syn.


Urtica laciniata Goudot ex Weddell pro syn. = Urera laciniata (Goudot) Wedd.

Reference: FP 1235: 363; Burger, W., 1977: 280. 


$


 Urtica limoniodora Pavon ex Weddell pro syn.


Urtica limoniodora Pavon ex Weddell pro syn. = Pilea citriodora Wedd.

Reference: FP 1235: 339; Killip, E. P., 1939: 506. 


$


 Urtica macbridei Killip



Urtica macbridei Killip

Reference: Flora Peru: 1235: 333. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Macbride 4271* 
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Urtica magellanica Juss. ex Poir.



Urtica magellanica Juss. ex Poir.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1235: 333; Soraru, S. B., 1972: 260. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-III: disturbed areas, elfin forests, grasslands, riversides, rocky slopes. 1000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui & Mostacero 9132 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Puno.


$


 Urtica marginata Poepp. ex Wedd.


Urtica marginata Poepp. ex Wedd. = Pilea marginata Wedd.

Reference: FP 1235: 344; Killip, E. P., 1939: 502. 


$


 Urtica multiflora Poir.


Urtica multiflora Poir. = Pilea multiflora (Poir.) Wedd.

Reference: FP 1235: 345; Killip, E. P., 1939: 508. 


$


 Urtica nummulariifolia Sw.


Urtica nummulariifolia Sw. = Pilea nummulariifolia (Sw.) Wedd. var. nummulariifolia 

Reference: FP 1235: 346; Killip, E. P., 1939: 512. 


$


 Urtica nutans Poepp. ex Wedd.


Urtica nutans Poepp. ex Wedd. = Pilea nutans Wedd.

Reference: FP 1235: 347; Killip, E. P., 1939: 486. 


$


 Urtica pulegifolia Poir.


Urtica pulegifolia Poir. = Pilea pulegifolia (Poir.) Wedd.

Reference: FP 1235: 348; Killip, E. P., 1939: 487. 


$


 Urtica punctata Kunth


Urtica punctata Kunth = Pilea punctata (Kunth) Wedd.

Reference: FP 1235: 349; Killip, E. P., 1939: 504. 


$


 Urtica serpyllaceae Kunth


Urtica serpyllaceae Kunth = Pilea serpyllacea (Kunth) Liebm.

Reference: FP 1235: 349; Killip, E. P., 1939: 478. 


$


 Urtica thymifolia Kunth


Urtica thymifolia Kunth = Pilea serpyllacea (Kunth) Liebm.

Reference: FP 1235: 349; Killip, E. P., 1939: 478. 


$


 Urtica trichantha (Wedd.) Acevedo & Navas



Urtica trichantha (Wedd.) Acevedo & Navas

Synonyms: Urtica trichantha Wedd.
Reference: Navas, E., 1961: 409. 
Ecology. 4000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Pennell 13289 (K)


$


 Urtica urens L.



Urtica urens L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1235: 334; Soraru, S. B., 1972: 273. 
Ecology: Introduced herb. Amazonian, Andean I-III, Coastal: disturbed areas, forests, lomas. 0- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui et al. 9391 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, La Libertad.


$


 Urvillea berteroana DC.


Urvillea berteroana DC. = Urvillea ulmacea Kunth

Reference: Ferrucci, M. S., 1991: 135. 


$


 Urvillea filipes Radlk.



Urvillea filipes Radlk.

Reference: Ferrucci, M. S., 1991: 131. 
Ecology: Native liana. Andean I-II: semi-deciduous forests, shrublands. 500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Plowman et al. 14256 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Urvillea ulmacea Kunth



Urvillea ulmacea Kunth

Synonyms: Urvillea ulmacea DC.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1298: 362; Croat, T. B., 1977: 535; Ferrucci, M. S., 1991: 135. 
Ecology: Native vine. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, semi-deciduous forests. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Knapp et al. 7386 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lambayeque, La Libertad, Piura, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Utricularia amethystina Salzmann ex St. Hilaire & Girard



Utricularia amethystina Salzmann ex St. Hilaire & Girard

Reference: Taylor, P., 1989: 286. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I-II, Coastal: riversides, swamps. 0-3000 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 23134 (F)


$


 Utricularia aphylla Ruiz & Pav.


Utricularia aphylla Ruiz & Pav. = Utricularia gibba L.

Reference: Taylor, P., 1989: 573. 


$


 Utricularia asplundii P. Taylor



Utricularia asplundii P. Taylor

Reference: Taylor, P., 1989: 420. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Amazonian, Andean I: floating. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry & Smith 36072 (MO!)
Departments: Pasco.


$


 Utricularia foliosa L.



Utricularia foliosa L.

Reference: Taylor, P., 1989: 674. 
Ecology: Native aquatic herb. Amazonian, Andean I: floating, seasonally inundated areas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 21711 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto.


$


 Utricularia gibba L.



Utricularia gibba L.

Synonyms: Utricularia gibba Ruiz & Pav., Utricularia gibba Sw.
Reference: Taylor, P., 1989: 572. 
Ecology: Native aquatic herb. Amazonian: floating. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Encarnaci&oacute;n 26307 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, Ucayali.


$


 Utricularia jamesoniana Oliv.



Utricularia jamesoniana Oliv.

Reference: Taylor, P., 1989: 422. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean I-II: forests. 500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Smith et al. 1801 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Utricularia obtusa Sw.


Utricularia obtusa Sw. = Utricularia gibba L.

Reference: Taylor, P., 1989: 573. 


$


 Utricularia pusilla M. Vahl



Utricularia pusilla M. Vahl

Reference: Taylor, P., 1989: 532. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I: forests on white sand. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Knapp et al. 7446 (K!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Utricularia subulata L.



Utricularia subulata L.

Reference: Taylor, P., 1989: 524. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, riversides, savannas. 0-3500 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 6950 (K!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Utricularia trichophylla Spruce ex Oliver



Utricularia trichophylla Spruce ex Oliver

Reference: Taylor, P., 1989: 247. 
Ecology: Native aquatic herb. Amazonian, Andean I: floating. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 6212 (MO!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Utricularia triloba Benjamin



Utricularia triloba Benjamin

Reference: Taylor, P., 1989: 538. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I: grasslands, riversides, savannas. 0-1500 m. 
Note: No specimens cited from Peru.  


$


 Utricularia unifolia Ruiz & Pav.



Utricularia unifolia Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Taylor, P., 1989: 415. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Andean I-III: cloud forests, riversides. 500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Ferreyra 1820 (MO!, USM)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Puno.


$


 Uvaria aromatica Lam.


Uvaria aromatica Lam. = Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart.

Reference: Maas, P. J. M., E. A. Mennega & L. Y. Th. Westra, 1987: 121. 


$


 Uvaria brasiliensis Vell.


Uvaria brasiliensis Vell. = Cymbopetalum brasiliense (Vell.) Benth.

$


 Uvaria ferruginea Poepp.


Uvaria ferruginea Poepp. = Xylopia cuspidata Diels

Reference: FP 1277: 747. 


$


 Uvaria guatterioides A. DC.


Uvaria guatterioides A. DC. = Unonopsis guatterioides (A. DC.) R.E. Fr.

Reference: Maas, P. J. M., E. A. Mennega & L. Y. Th. Westra, 1987: 122. 


$


 Uvaria spectabilis DC. ex Dun.


Uvaria spectabilis DC. ex Dun. = Fusaea longifolia (Aubl.) Saff.

Reference: FP 1277: 729. 


$


 Uvaria viridiflora Ruiz & Pav.


Uvaria viridiflora Ruiz & Pav. = Guatteria viridiflora R. & P. ex G. Don

Reference: Fries, R. E., 1939: 537. 


$


 Uvifera peruviana (Lindau) Kuntze


Uvifera peruviana (Lindau) Kuntze = Coccoloba peruviana Lindau

Reference: Brandbyge, J., 1989: 36. 


$


 Vacciniopsis ovata Rusby


Vacciniopsis ovata Rusby = Disterigma ovatum (Rusby) S.F. Blake

Reference: FP 1325: 71. 


$


 Vaccinium acuminatum Kunth


Vaccinium acuminatum Kunth = Disterigma acuminatum (Kunth) Nied.

Reference: FP 1325: 69. 


$


 Vaccinium alaternoides Kunth


Vaccinium alaternoides Kunth = Disterigma alaternoides (Kunth) Nied.

Reference: FP 1325: 70. 


$


 Vaccinium amicorum Sleumer


Vaccinium amicorum Sleumer = Demosthenesia amicorum (Sleumer) Sleumer

Reference: FP 1325: 87. 


$


 Vaccinium attenuatum Dunal


Vaccinium attenuatum Dunal = Vaccinium crenatum (G. Don) Sleumer

Reference: FP 1325: 75. 


$


 Vaccinium benthamianum A.C. Sm.


Vaccinium benthamianum A.C. Sm. = Themistoclesia mucronata (Benth.) Sleumer

Reference: FP 1325: 66. 
Note: NN  


$


 Vaccinium corymbodendron Ruiz & Pav. ex Dunal



Vaccinium corymbodendron Ruiz & Pav. ex Dunal

Synonyms: Vaccinium corymbodendron Ruiz & Pav. ex Nutt.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 75. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Vaccinium crenatum (G. Don) Sleumer



Vaccinium crenatum (G. Don) Sleumer

Synonyms: Vaccinium crenatum Dunal, Vaccinium crenatum G. Don, Vaccinium crenatum Hook. f., Vaccinium crenatum Klotzsch, Vaccinium crenatum Nied.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 75. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II-III: grasslands. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Smith 7748 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco, Piura.


$


 Vaccinium crenulatum Dunal in DC.


Vaccinium crenulatum Dunal in DC. = Vaccinium floribundum Kunth

Reference: FP 1325: 77. 


$


 Vaccinium dependens (G. Don) Sleumer



Vaccinium dependens (G. Don) Sleumer

Synonyms: Vaccinium dependens (Dunal) Nied., Vaccinium dependens (Dunal) Nutt., Vaccinium dependens Dunal, Vaccinium dependens G. Don
Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 76. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Weberbauer 6703 (MOL!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Vaccinium didymanthum Dunal



Vaccinium didymanthum Dunal

Synonyms: Vaccinium didymanthum (Dunal) Nutt.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 77. 
Ecology: Endemic herb, shrub. Andean II: cloud forests. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Mathews s.n.* (K), Luteyn & Lebr&oacute;n-Luteyn 6356 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cajamarca.


$


 Vaccinium elvirae Luteyn



Vaccinium elvirae Luteyn

Reference: Luteyn, J. L., 1987: 129. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: elfin forests. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Luteyn & Cotton 11381* (MO!), Boeke 2072 (F, USM)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Vaccinium empetrifolium Kunth


Vaccinium empetrifolium Kunth = Disterigma empetrifolium (Kunth) Drude

Reference: FP 1325: 70. 


$


 Vaccinium floribundum Kunth



Vaccinium floribundum Kunth

Synonyms: Vaccinium floribundum (Dunal in DC.) Sleumer, Vaccinium floribundum (Dunal) Sleumer, Vaccinium floribundum (Rusby) Sleumer, Vaccinium floribundum Dunal in DC., Vaccinium floribundum Dunal in DC., Vaccinium floribundum Dunal in DC., Vaccinium floribundum Rusby
Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 77. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, elfin forests, grasslands. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Barbour 3192 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lambayeque, La Libertad, Pasco, Piura, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vaccinium floribundum var. marginatum (Dunal) Sleumer


Vaccinium floribundum var. marginatum (Dunal) Sleumer = Vaccinium floribundum Kunth

Reference: FP 1325: 77. 


$


 Vaccinium floribundum var. ramosissimum (Dunal in DC.) Sleumer


Vaccinium floribundum var. ramosissimum (Dunal in DC.) Sleumer = Vaccinium floribundum Kunth

Reference: FP 1325: 77. 


$


 Vaccinium floribundum var. tatei (Rusby) Sleumer


Vaccinium floribundum var. tatei (Rusby) Sleumer = Vaccinium floribundum Kunth

Reference: FP 1325: 77. 


$


 Vaccinium humboldtii Klotzsch


Vaccinium humboldtii Klotzsch = Disterigma humboldtii (Klotzsch) Nied.

Reference: Wilbur, R. L. & Luteyn, J.L., 1978: 78. 


$


 Vaccinium incarum Sleumer


Vaccinium incarum Sleumer = Diogenesia laxa (A.C. Smith) Sleumer

Reference: FP 1325: 67. 


$


 Vaccinium laxum (A.C. Smith) Smith & Camp.


Vaccinium laxum (A.C. Smith) Smith & Camp. =   

Reference: FP 1325: 67; Sleumer, H. , 1978: 256. 


$


 Vaccinium leucostomum Lindl.


Vaccinium leucostomum Lindl. = Thibaudia diphylla Dunal in DC.

Reference: FP 1325: 105. 


$


 Vaccinium marginatum Dunal in DC.


Vaccinium marginatum Dunal in DC. = Vaccinium floribundum Kunth

Reference: FP 1325: 77. 


$


 Vaccinium mathewsii Sleumer



Vaccinium mathewsii Sleumer

Synonyms: Vaccinium mathewsii (Dunal) Sleumer, Vaccinium mathewsii Dunal in DC.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 78. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: shrublands. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Mathews s.n.* (G), Hutchison & Wright 4489 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Vaccinium octandrum Sleumer


Vaccinium octandrum Sleumer = Diogenesia octandra Sleumer

Reference: FP 1325: 68; Sleumer, H. , 1978: 256. 


$


 Vaccinium pernettyoides Griseb. ex Wedd.


Vaccinium pernettyoides Griseb. ex Wedd. = Disterigma pernettyoides (Griseb. ex Wedd.) Nied.

Reference: FP 1325: 71. 


$


 Vaccinium pseudocaracasanum Sleumer



Vaccinium pseudocaracasanum Sleumer

Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 78. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 4347* (B, destroyed)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Vaccinium ramosissimum Dunal in DC.


Vaccinium ramosissimum Dunal in DC. = Vaccinium floribundum Kunth

Reference: FP 1325: 77. 


$


 Vaccinium reclinatum Nied.


Vaccinium reclinatum Nied. = Vaccinium crenatum (G. Don) Sleumer

Reference: FP 1325: 75. 


$


 Vaccinium reflexum Hook. f.


Vaccinium reflexum Hook. f. = Vaccinium crenatum (G. Don) Sleumer

Reference: FP 1325: 75. 


$


 Vaccinium secundum Klotzsch


Vaccinium secundum Klotzsch = Vaccinium crenatum (G. Don) Sleumer

Reference: FP 1325: 75. 


$


 Vaccinium serratum (Dunal) Sleumer


Vaccinium serratum (Dunal) Sleumer = Vaccinium mathewsii Sleumer

Reference: FP 1325: 78. 


$


 Vaccinium sphyrospermoides Sleumer



Vaccinium sphyrospermoides Sleumer

Synonyms: Vaccinium sphyrospermoides Hook.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1325: 64. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 6909 (MO)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Vaccinium tatei Rusby


Vaccinium tatei Rusby = Vaccinium floribundum Kunth

Reference: FP 1325: 77. 


$


 Vaccinium terniflorum Dunal


Vaccinium terniflorum Dunal = Vaccinium dependens (G. Don) Sleumer

Reference: FP 1325: 76. 


$


 Vachellia farnesiana (L.) Wight & Arn.


Vachellia farnesiana (L.) Wight & Arn. = Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd.

Reference: FP 21: 77; Clarke, H. D., D. S. Seigler, & J. E. Ebinger, 1989: 559. 


$


 Vailia mucronata Rusby



Vailia mucronata Rusby

Synonyms: Vailia mucronata Schltr.
Reference: Morillo, G., 1976: 153. 
Ecology: Native vine. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 7032 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vaillantia hypocarpia L.


Vaillantia hypocarpia L. = Galium hypocarpium (L.) Endl. ex Griseb. subsp. hypocarpium 

Reference: FP 1365: 257. 
Note: Misspelled in the Flora of Peru. The correct spelling is Valantia.  


$


 Valantia hypocarpia L.


Valantia hypocarpia L. = Galium hypocarpium (L.) Endl. ex Griseb. subsp. hypocarpium 

Reference: FP 1365: 257; Dempster, L. T., 1990: 306. 
Note: Spelled Vaillantia in the Flora of Peru which is incorrect.  


$


 Valdesia latifolia Ruiz & Pav.


Valdesia latifolia Ruiz & Pav. = Blakea latifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) D. Don

Reference: FP 761: 511. 


$


 Valdesia ovalis Ruiz & Pav.


Valdesia ovalis Ruiz & Pav. = Blakea ovalis (Ruiz & Pav.) D. Don

Reference: FP 761: 513. 


$


 Valdesia repens Ruiz & Pav.


Valdesia repens Ruiz & Pav. = Blakea repens (Ruiz & Pav.) D. Don

Reference: FP 761: 514; Wurdack, J. J., 1980: 356. 


$


 Valdesia rosea Ruiz & Pav.


Valdesia rosea Ruiz & Pav. = Blakea rosea (Ruiz & Pav.) D. Don

Reference: FP 761: 514; Wurdack, J. J., 1980: 374. 


$


 Valeriana adscendens Turcz.



Valeriana adscendens Turcz.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 310. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: grasslands, shrublands. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Young 1813 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Piura, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Valeriana agrimonifolia Killip



Valeriana agrimonifolia Killip

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 295. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: forests. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 21933* (US), Santisteban & Guevara 199 
Departments: Cajamarca, Lima, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Valeriana amphilophis Graebn.


Valeriana amphilophis Graebn. = Valeriana microphylla Kunth

Reference: Eriksen, B., 1989: 26. 


$


 Valeriana armeriifolia Schltdl.


Valeriana armeriifolia Schltdl. = Valeriana coarctata Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1378: 297. 
Note: In Flora of Peru and elsewhere as "armeriaefolia."  


$


 Valeriana aschersoniana Graebner ex Weberbauer


Valeriana aschersoniana Graebner ex Weberbauer = Aretiastrum aschersonianum Graebn.

Reference: FP 1378: 289. 


$


 Valeriana asplenifolia Killip



Valeriana asplenifolia Killip

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 296. 
Ecology.  > 4500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Killip & Smith 22051* (US)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Valeriana baltana Graebn.



Valeriana baltana Graebn.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 296. 
Ecology. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 531* (B), Weberbauer 6591 (B)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Puno.


$


 Valeriana bambusicaulis Killip



Valeriana bambusicaulis Killip

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 296. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Macbride 4463* (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Valeriana candolleana Gardner



Valeriana candolleana Gardner

Synonyms: Valeriana candolleana (Gardner) M&uuml;ll. Arg.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 312; Eriksen, B., 1989: 46. 
Ecology: Native herb, liana, vine. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests, rocky slopes. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 6454 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Valeriana cephalantha Schlecht.



Valeriana cephalantha Schlecht.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 297. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. . 
Voucher: Lechler 2044* (G photo F!), Lechler 2186 (B photo F!)
Departments: Puno.


$


 Valeriana chaerophylla Pers.


Valeriana chaerophylla Pers. = Astrephia chaerophylloides (Sm.) DC.

Reference: FP 1378: 289; Eriksen, B., 1989: 6. 


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 Valeriana chaerophylloides Sm.


Valeriana chaerophylloides Sm. = Astrephia chaerophylloides (Sm.) DC.

Reference: FP 1378: 289; Eriksen, B., 1989: 6. 


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 Valeriana clematitis Kunth



Valeriana clematitis Kunth

Reference: Eriksen, B., 1989: 54. 
Ecology: Native vine. Andean I-II: cloud forests, disturbed areas, rocky slopes. 500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 8043 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Valeriana clematoides Graebn.


Valeriana clematoides Graebn. = Valeriana decussata Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1378: 298. 


$


 Valeriana coarctata Ruiz & Pav.



Valeriana coarctata Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Valeriana coarctata Schltdl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 297; Seitz, W., 1976: 416. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean III: grasslands, rocky slopes. 3500- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Tupayachi 737 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Puno.


$


 Valeriana comosa Eriksen



Valeriana comosa Eriksen

Reference: Eriksen, B., 1991: 619. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean III: grasslands. 3500-4000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui et al. 14343* (GB, HUT)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Valeriana condamoana Graebn.



Valeriana condamoana Graebn.

Synonyms: Valeriana condamoana Graebn.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 298; Seitz, W., 1976: 416. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean III: grasslands. 4000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 311* (B photo F!), Smith & Escalona 10198 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Valeriana connata Ruiz & Pav.



Valeriana connata Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Valeriana connata Graebn.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 298; Seitz, W., 1976: 417. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean III: grasslands, rocky slopes. 4000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Smith & Goodwin 8833 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Valeriana connata var. nutans Graebn.


Valeriana connata var. nutans Graebn. = Valeriana connata Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1378: 298. 


$


 Valeriana convallarioides (Schmale) B.B. Larsen



Valeriana convallarioides (Schmale) B.B. Larsen

Synonyms: Valeriana convallarioides Schmale
Reference: Larsen, B. B., 1986: 442; Eriksen, B., 1989: 14. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: grasslands. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 6089* (F)
Departments: Piura.


$


 Valeriana costata Schmale



Valeriana costata Schmale

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 298. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Raimondi 4673* (B)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Valeriana crassipes (Wedd.) Hoeck


Valeriana crassipes (Wedd.) Hoeck = Belonanthus crassipes (Weddell) Graebn.

Reference: FP 1378: 319. 


$


 Valeriana cumbemayensis Eriksen



Valeriana cumbemayensis Eriksen

Reference: Eriksen, B., 1991: 621. 
Ecology: Endemic subshrub. Andean II-III: grasslands. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Molau & Eriksen 3330* (CPUN, GB), Molau & Eriksen 3358 (CPUN, GB)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Valeriana decussata Ruiz & Pav.



Valeriana decussata Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Valeriana decussata Graebn., Valeriana decussata Killip
Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 298; Eriksen, B., 1989: 53. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub, subshrub, vine. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, grasslands, rocky slopes, shrublands. 2500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Tupayachi 932 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, San Mart&iacute;n, Puno.


$


 Valeriana dipsacoides Graebn.



Valeriana dipsacoides Graebn.

Synonyms: Valeriana dipsacoides Killip
Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 299. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 1980* (B photo F!), Killip & Smith 24105 (US)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Valeriana elatior Graebn.


Valeriana elatior Graebn. = Valeriana interrupta var. elatior (Graebn.) Killip

Reference: FP 1378: 302; Eriksen, B., 1989: 45. 


$


 Valeriana erysimoides Poepp. & Endl.


Valeriana erysimoides Poepp. & Endl. = Valeriana urticifolia Kunth

Reference: FP 1378: 314; Eriksen, B., 1989: 39. 


$


 Valeriana exscapa Griseb.


Valeriana exscapa Griseb. = ?  

Reference: FP 1378: 319. 


$


 Valeriana friasana Schmale


Valeriana friasana Schmale = Valeriana tomentosa Kunth

Reference: FP 1378: 313; Eriksen, B., 1989: 48. 


$


 Valeriana globifera Pers.


Valeriana globifera Pers. = Valeriana globiflora Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1378: 299. 


$


 Valeriana globiflora Ruiz & Pav.



Valeriana globiflora Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Valeriana globiflora Pers.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 299. 
Ecology. 4000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (G photo F!), Kanehira 274 (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima.


$


 Valeriana globularioides Graebn.



Valeriana globularioides Graebn.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 300. 
Ecology. 4000-4500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 2966* (B photo F!)
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Valeriana globularis A. Gray



Valeriana globularis A. Gray

Synonyms: Valeriana globularis Graebn.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 300; Seitz, W., 1976: 416. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean III: grasslands, rocky slopes. 4000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Wilkes Expedition s.n.* (US), Smith et al. 9728 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima.


$


 Valeriana grisiana Wedd.



Valeriana grisiana Wedd.

Synonyms: Valeriana grisiana Killip
Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 300; Eriksen, B., 1989: 20. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Gay s.n.* (P photo F!), Pennell 13856 (PH)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Valeriana hadros Graebn.



Valeriana hadros Graebn.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 301. 
Ecology. 4000-4500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 4228* (B photo F!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Valeriana herrerae Killip



Valeriana herrerae Killip

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 301. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Herrera 1016* , Herrera 1413 
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Valeriana hirsutissima Killip


Valeriana hirsutissima Killip = Valeriana macbridei Killip

Reference: FP 1378: 304. 


$


 Valeriana hirtella Kunth



Valeriana hirtella Kunth

Reference: Eriksen, B., 1989: 29. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean III: rocky slopes. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui 12272 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Valeriana hispida (Wedd.) Hoeck hom. illeg.


Valeriana hispida (Wedd.) Hoeck hom. illeg. = Valeriana niphobia Briq.

Reference: FP 1378: 319; Eriksen, B., 1989: 13. 


$


 Valeriana humboldtii Hook. & Arn.



Valeriana humboldtii Hook. & Arn.

Synonyms: Valeriana humboldtii Briq., Valeriana humboldtii Willd. ex Steud.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 304; Eriksen, B., 1989: 42. 
Ecology. . 
Voucher: Mathews s.n. (G photo F!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Valeriana hyalinorhiza Ruiz & Pav.



Valeriana hyalinorhiza Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 304; Eriksen, B., 1989: 44. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   The Flora of Peru cites this taxon as a synonym of V. mathewsii.  


$


 Valeriana imbricata Killip


Valeriana imbricata Killip = Aretiastrum imbricatum (Killip) Killip

Reference: FP 1378: 289; Eriksen, B., 1989: 11. 


$


 Valeriana interrupta Ruiz & Pav.



Valeriana interrupta Ruiz & Pav.

$


 Valeriana interrupta Ruiz & Pav. var.interrupta



Valeriana interrupta Ruiz & Pav. var. interrupta 

Synonyms: Valeriana interrupta interrupta (Ruiz & Pav.) Dufresne, Valeriana interrupta interrupta Graebn., Valeriana interrupta var. interrupta Ball
Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 301; Eriksen, B., 1989: 45. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: forests, grasslands, rocky slopes. 2500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n 12/45* (MA), Pennell 14335 (US)
Departments: Ancash, Arequipa, Cajamarca, Jun&iacute;n, Lima.


$


 Valeriana interrupta var.elatior (Graebn.) Killip



Valeriana interrupta var. elatior (Graebn.) Killip

Synonyms: Valeriana interrupta elatior Graebn., Valeriana interrupta elatior Graebn.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 302; Eriksen, B., 1989: 45. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: grasslands, shrublands. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 3859* (B photo F), Cerrate & Tovar 1201 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Arequipa, Cajamarca, Lima.


$


 Valeriana interrupta var. minor Ball


Valeriana interrupta var. minor Ball = Valeriana interrupta Ruiz & Pav. var. interrupta 

Reference: FP 1378: 301. 


$


 Valeriana isoetifolia Killip



Valeriana isoetifolia Killip

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 302. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 4424* (F), Pearce 189 (K)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Valeriana jasminoides Briq.



Valeriana jasminoides Briq.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 303. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: elfin forests. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Madison 10334-70 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cuzco.


$


 Valeriana laciniata Ruiz & Pav.


Valeriana laciniata Ruiz & Pav. = Astrephia chaerophylloides (Sm.) DC.

Reference: FP 1378: 289; Eriksen, B., 1989: 6. 


$


 Valeriana laevigata Willd. ex Steud.


Valeriana laevigata Willd. ex Steud. = Valeriana humboldtii Hook. & Arn.

Reference: FP 1378: 304. 


$


 Valeriana ledoides Graebn.



Valeriana ledoides Graebn.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 303. 
Ecology: Endemic herb, shrub. Andean II: elfin forests. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 3710* (B photo F!), Barbour 3234 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Valeriana linearifolia Killip


Valeriana linearifolia Killip = Valeriana grisiana Wedd.

Reference: FP 1378: 300. 


$


 Valeriana longifolia Kunth


Valeriana longifolia Kunth = ?  

$


 Valeriana longifolia var. pilosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Wedd.


Valeriana longifolia var. pilosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Wedd. = Valeriana pilosa Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1378: 308. 


$


 Valeriana lyrata M. Vahl



Valeriana lyrata M. Vahl

Synonyms: Valeriana lyrata Ball, Valeriana lyrata Graebn.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 303. 
Ecology. 3500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Jussieu s.n.* (P), Killip & Smith 21650 (US)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Valeriana macbridei Killip



Valeriana macbridei Killip

Synonyms: Valeriana macbridei Killip
Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 304. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 3686* (F), Macbride 5118 (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Valeriana malvacea Graebn.



Valeriana malvacea Graebn.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 304. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 2197* , Killip & Smith 24356 (US)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Valeriana mathewsii Briq.


Valeriana mathewsii Briq. = Valeriana humboldtii Hook. & Arn.

Reference: FP 1378: 304; Eriksen, B., 1989: 42. 


$


 Valeriana maxima Killip


Valeriana maxima Killip = Valeriana dipsacoides Graebn.

Reference: FP 1378: 299. 


$


 Valeriana melanocarpa Killip


Valeriana melanocarpa Killip = Valeriana decussata Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1378: 298. 


$


 Valeriana merxmuelleri Seitz



Valeriana merxmuelleri Seitz

Reference: Seitz, W., 1976: 411. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean III: grasslands. 4000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Seitz F-98* (M), Seitz F-100 (M)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Valeriana microphylla Kunth



Valeriana microphylla Kunth

Synonyms: Valeriana microphylla Graebn.
Reference: Eriksen, B., 1989: 26. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: disturbed areas, grasslands. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Hartweg 751 (P)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Valeriana micropterina Wedd.



Valeriana micropterina Wedd.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 305. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: disturbed areas. 2000-4500 m. 
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez & Luna 8867 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Valeriana nigricans Graebn.



Valeriana nigricans Graebn.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 305. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: disturbed areas. 1500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 2001* (B), N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 7355 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Cuzco.


$


 Valeriana niphobia Briq.



Valeriana niphobia Briq.

Synonyms: Valeriana niphobia (Wedd.) Graebn., Valeriana niphobia (Wedd.) Hoeck hom. illeg., Valeriana niphobia Wedd.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 319; Eriksen, B., 1989: 13. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean III: grasslands. 3500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Smith et al. 9213 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco, Puno.


$


 Valeriana nivalis Wedd.



Valeriana nivalis Wedd.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 306; Seitz, W., 1976: 416; Reese-Krug, H. & F. Weberling, 1991: 408. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean III: grasslands, rocky slopes. 3500- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Smith et al. 9222 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Arequipa, Cuzco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Moquegua, Puno.


$


 Valeriana oblongifolia Ruiz & Pav.



Valeriana oblongifolia Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 306. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Valeriana oligodonta Killip


Valeriana oligodonta Killip = Valeriana plectritoides var. plectritoides Graebn.

Reference: FP 1378: 309. 


$


 Valeriana oxyrioides Graebn.


Valeriana oxyrioides Graebn. = Valeriana lyrata M. Vahl

Reference: FP 1378: 303. 


$


 Valeriana paniculata Ruiz & Pav.



Valeriana paniculata Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 306. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: disturbed areas. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 7742 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Valeriana pardoana Graebn.



Valeriana pardoana Graebn.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 307. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 2145* (B)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Valeriana parvula Killip



Valeriana parvula Killip

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 307. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean III: forests. 4000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Pennell 13756* (US), N&uacute;&ntilde;ez et al. 7076 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Valeriana pavonii Poepp. & Endl.



Valeriana pavonii Poepp. & Endl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 307; Eriksen, B., 1989: 57. 
Ecology: Native vine. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, forests. 1000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig s.n.* (W), Klug 3366 (US)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Valeriana pedicularioides Graebn.


Valeriana pedicularioides Graebn. = Valeriana interrupta Ruiz & Pav. var. interrupta 

Reference: FP 1378: 301; Eriksen, B., 1989: 45. 


$


 Valeriana pennellii Killip



Valeriana pennellii Killip

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 308. 
Ecology. 4000-4500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Pennell 13510* (US)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Valeriana pilosa Ruiz & Pav.



Valeriana pilosa Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Valeriana pilosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Wedd.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 308; Eriksen, B., 1989: 38. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: grasslands, rocky slopes, shrublands. 2500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Smith et al. 9136 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Jun&iacute;n, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Valeriana pimpinelloides Graebn.


Valeriana pimpinelloides Graebn. = Valeriana interrupta var. elatior (Graebn.) Killip

Reference: FP 1378: 302; Eriksen, B., 1989: 45. 


$


 Valeriana pinnatifida Ruiz & Pav.



Valeriana pinnatifida Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 308; Seitz, W., 1976: 416. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Amazonian, Andean I-II, Coastal: lomas. 0-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Seitz F-146 (M)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Lima, La Libertad.


$


 Valeriana plectritoides Graebn.



Valeriana plectritoides Graebn.

$


 Valeriana plectritoides var.pallida Graebn.



Valeriana plectritoides var. pallida Graebn.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 309. 
Ecology. 3500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 928a* (B), Pennell 13438 (US)
Departments: Puno.


$


 Valeriana plectritoides var.plectritoides Graebn.



Valeriana plectritoides var. plectritoides Graebn.

Synonyms: Valeriana plectritoides plectritoides Killip
Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 309. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 928* (B), Herrera 2190 
Departments: Puno.


$


 Valeriana punctata F. Meyer



Valeriana punctata F. Meyer

Reference: Meyer, F. G., 1965: 119. 
Ecology. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Wurdack 1731* (US), Wurdack 1427 (US)
Departments: Amazonas, Pasco.


$


 Valeriana pycnantha A. Gray



Valeriana pycnantha A. Gray

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 310; Reese-Krug, H. & F. Weberling, 1991: 408. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean III: grasslands, rocky slopes.  > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Wilkes Expedition s.n.* (US), Smith et al. 11771 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Lima, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Valeriana pygmaea Graebn.


Valeriana pygmaea Graebn. = Valeriana globularis A. Gray

Reference: FP 1378: 300. 


$


 Valeriana quadrangularis Kunth



Valeriana quadrangularis Kunth

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 310; Eriksen, B., 1989: 51. 
Ecology. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Humboldt & Bonpland s.n.* (P photo F!)


$


 Valeriana radicata Graebn.



Valeriana radicata Graebn.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 310. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Region uncertain: grasslands, rocky slopes. . 
Voucher: Weberbauer 465* (B), Soukup 31 (F)
Departments: Cuzco, Puno.


$


 Valeriana remota Ball


Valeriana remota Ball = Valeriana lyrata M. Vahl

Reference: FP 1378: 303. 


$


 Valeriana renifolia Killip



Valeriana renifolia Killip

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 311. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: grasslands. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Macbride 3099* (F)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Valeriana rhizantha A. Gray


Valeriana rhizantha A. Gray = Stangea rhizantha (A. Gray) Killip

Reference: FP 1378: 317. 


$


 Valeriana rigida Ruiz & Pav.


Valeriana rigida Ruiz & Pav. = Phyllactis rigida (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.

Reference: FP 1378: 321; Eriksen, B., 1989: 11. 


$


 Valeriana romanana Graebn.


Valeriana romanana Graebn. = Valeriana condamoana Graebn.

Reference: FP 1378: 298. 


$


 Valeriana rufescens Killip



Valeriana rufescens Killip

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 311. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 6786* (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Valeriana rumicoides Wedd.



Valeriana rumicoides Wedd.

Reference: Eriksen, B., 1989: 40. 
Note: Eriksen (1989) suggests that the "Perou, 1846" annotation on the G isotype is in error; this taxon is otherwise not reported from Peru. 
Voucher: Goudot s.n.* (W photo F!) [Colombia]


$


 Valeriana scandens L.



Valeriana scandens L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 311; Eriksen, B., 1989: 46. 
Ecology. 500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 8061 (F)
Departments: Amazonas, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Valeriana scandens var. candolleana (Gardner) M&uuml;ll. Arg.


Valeriana scandens var. candolleana (Gardner) M&uuml;ll. Arg. = Valeriana candolleana Gardner

Reference: FP 1378: 312; Eriksen, B., 1989: 46. 


$


 Valeriana serrata Ruiz & Pav.



Valeriana serrata Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 312. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. . 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (B photo F!), Dombey s.n. (P photo F!)
Departments: Ancash.


$



$


 Valeriana spathulata Ruiz & Pav.


Valeriana spathulata Ruiz & Pav. = Belonanthus spathulatus (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) Schmale

Reference: FP 1378: 320. 


$


 Valeriana sphaerocephala Graebn.



Valeriana sphaerocephala Graebn.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 312. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II-III: grasslands. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 854a* (B photo F!), Smith et al. 9864 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Puno.


$


 Valeriana sphaerophora Graebn.



Valeriana sphaerophora Graebn.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 312. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 854* (B)
Departments: Puno.


$


 Valeriana tenuifolia Ruiz & Pav.


Valeriana tenuifolia Ruiz & Pav. = Phyllactis tenuifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.

Reference: FP 1378: 321; Larsen, B. B., 1986: 437. 


$


 Valeriana tessendorffiana Graebn.



Valeriana tessendorffiana Graebn.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 313. 
Ecology. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 3365* (B photo F!), Macbride & Featherstone 1399 (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Valeriana thalictroides Graebn.



Valeriana thalictroides Graebn.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 313. 
Ecology: Endemic herb, vine. Andean II-III: cloud forests. 2000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 2580* (B photo F!), Gentry et al. 23531 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Madre de Dios.


$


 Valeriana tomentosa Kunth



Valeriana tomentosa Kunth

Synonyms: Valeriana tomentosa Schmale
Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 313; Eriksen, B., 1989: 48. 
Ecology: Native subshrub, vine. Andean II: disturbed areas, forests. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer  6403 (B)
Departments: Piura, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Valeriana trichomanes Graebn.



Valeriana trichomanes Graebn.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 314. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 234* (B photo F!)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Valeriana urticifolia Kunth



Valeriana urticifolia Kunth

Synonyms: Valeriana urticifolia Poepp. & Endl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 314; Eriksen, B., 1989: 39. 
Ecology. 1000-2500 m. 
Note: Listed in the Flora of Peru and elsewhere as "urticaefolia." 
Voucher: Woytkowski 8105 (MO!), Woytkowski 8105 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Valeriana variabilis Graebn.



Valeriana variabilis Graebn.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 314. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 423* (B photo F!), Killip & Smith 22184 
Departments: Puno.


$


 Valeriana verrucosa Schmale



Valeriana verrucosa Schmale

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 315. 
Ecology. 1500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 6467* (B), Killip & Smith 22378 (US)
Departments: Ayacucho, Hu&aacute;nuco, Huancavelica.


$


 Valeriana virgata Ruiz & Pav.



Valeriana virgata Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 315. 
Ecology. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (B photo F!), Weberbauer 6690 (B)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Valeriana warburgii Graebn.



Valeriana warburgii Graebn.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 315; Seitz, W., 1976: 416. 
Ecology. 1500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 3325* (B), Seitz F-49 (M)
Departments: Ayacucho, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Moquegua, Puno.


$


 Valeriana weberbaueri Graebn.



Valeriana weberbaueri Graebn.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1378: 316. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II-III: grasslands, rocky slopes. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 3325* (B), Smith et al. 9203 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Hu&aacute;nuco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vallea cordifolia Ruiz & Pav.


Vallea cordifolia Ruiz & Pav. = Vallea stipularis L. f.

Reference: FP 1301: 435. 


$


 Vallea glabra Miers


Vallea glabra Miers = Vallea stipularis L. f.

Reference: FP 1301: 435. 


$


 Vallea pubescens Kunth


Vallea pubescens Kunth = Vallea stipularis L. f.

Reference: FP 1301: 435. 


$


 Vallea pyrifolia Turcz.


Vallea pyrifolia Turcz. = Vallea stipularis L. f.

Reference: FP 1301: 435. 


$


 Vallea stipularis L. f.



Vallea stipularis L. f.

Synonyms: Vallea stipularis Kunth, Vallea stipularis Miers, Vallea stipularis Ruiz & Pav., Vallea stipularis Turcz.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1301: 435. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean II-III: forests. 1500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Mostacero 581 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, La Libertad, Pasco, Piura, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vallesia chiococcoides Kunth


Vallesia chiococcoides Kunth = Vallesia glabra (Cav.) Link

Reference: FP 1343: 381. 


$


 Vallesia dichotoma Ruiz & Pav.


Vallesia dichotoma Ruiz & Pav. = Vallesia glabra (Cav.) Link

Reference: FP 1343: 381. 


$


 Vallesia glabra (Cav.) Link



Vallesia glabra (Cav.) Link

Synonyms: Vallesia glabra Cav., Vallesia glabra Kunth, Vallesia glabra Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1343: 381. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Coastal: shrublands. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Hutchison & Wright 3354 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Apur&iacute;mac, Cajamarca, Ica, Lambayeque, La Libertad.


$


 Valota insularis (L.) Chase


Valota insularis (L.) Chase = Digitaria insularis (L.) Fedde

Reference: FP 719: 200; McVaugh, R., 1983: 142. 


$


 Vandellia crustacea (L.) Benth.


Vandellia crustacea (L.) Benth. = Lindernia crustacea (L.) F. Muell.

Reference: FP 1361: 686. 


$


 Vandellia diffusa L.


Vandellia diffusa L. = Lindernia diffusa (L.) Wettst.

Reference: FP 1361: 687. 


$


 Vandenboschia angustata (Carmich.) Copel.


Vandenboschia angustata (Carmich.) Copel. = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 83. 


$


 Vandenboschia diaphana (Kunth) Copel.


Vandenboschia diaphana (Kunth) Copel. = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 83. 


$


 Vandenboschia hymenophylloides (Bosch) Copel.


Vandenboschia hymenophylloides (Bosch) Copel. = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 83. 


$


 Vandenboschia pyxidifera (L.) Copel.


Vandenboschia pyxidifera (L.) Copel. = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 82. 


$


 Vandenboschia radicans (Sw.) Copel.


Vandenboschia radicans (Sw.) Copel. = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 81. 


$


 Vandenboschia tenera (Spreng.) Copel.


Vandenboschia tenera (Spreng.) Copel. = ?  

Reference: FP 2132: 83. 


$


 Vanilla grandiflora Lindl.


Vanilla grandiflora Lindl. = Vanilla pompona Schiede

Reference: FP 1438: 43; Garay, L. A., 1978: 52; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Vanilla guianensis Splitgerber


Vanilla guianensis Splitgerber = Vanilla pompona Schiede

Reference: FP 1438: 43; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Vanilla hamata Klotzsch



Vanilla hamata Klotzsch

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 42; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Endemic vine. . 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* 
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Vanilla lutescens Moquin-Tandon ex Dupuis


Vanilla lutescens Moquin-Tandon ex Dupuis = Vanilla pompona Schiede

Reference: FP 1438: 43; Garay, L. A., 1978: 52. 


$


 Vanilla mexicana Mill.



Vanilla mexicana Mill.

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Vanilla odorata C. Presl



Vanilla odorata C. Presl

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 43; Garay, L. A., 1978: 49; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native hemiepiphyte. Amazonian, Andean I: seasonally inundated areas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez 4995 (MO!)
Departments: Madre de Dios, Ucayali.


$


 Vanilla planifolia Jacks.



Vanilla planifolia Jacks.

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 0-1000 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Vanilla pompona Schiede



Vanilla pompona Schiede

Synonyms: Vanilla pompona Lindl., Vanilla pompona Moquin-Tandon ex Dupuis, Vanilla pompona Splitg. ex Rchb. f., Vanilla pompona Splitgerber
Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 43; Garay, L. A., 1978: 52; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 0-1000 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Vanilla ruiziana Klotzsch



Vanilla ruiziana Klotzsch

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 44; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. . 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* 
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Vanilla surinamensis Splitg. ex Rchb. f.


Vanilla surinamensis Splitg. ex Rchb. f. = Vanilla pompona Schiede

Reference: FP 1438: 43; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Vanilla weberbaueriana Kraenzl.



Vanilla weberbaueriana Kraenzl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 44; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 1849* 
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Vanillosmopsis weberbaueri Hieron.


Vanillosmopsis weberbaueri Hieron. = Vernonia ramospatana MacLeish

Reference: MacLeish, N. F. F., 1984: 135. 


$


 Vantanea celativenia (Standl.) Cuatrec.



Vantanea celativenia (Standl.) Cuatrec.

Synonyms: Vantanea celativenia Standl.
Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1961: 61. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Vantanea cupularis Huber


Vantanea cupularis Huber = Vantanea parviflora Lam.

Reference: FP 648: 631; Cuatrecasas, J., 1961: 75. 


$


 Vantanea parviflora Lam.



Vantanea parviflora Lam.

Synonyms: Vantanea parviflora Huber
Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1961: 74. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas, terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Dodson & Torres 2938 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto.


$



$


 Vantanea peruviana J.F. Macbr.



Vantanea peruviana J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 648: 632; Cuatrecasas, J., 1961: 64. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Klug 1130* (US), Klug 1091 (US)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Vantanea spichigeri A.H. Gentry



Vantanea spichigeri A.H. Gentry

Reference: Gentry, A. H., 1990: 379. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Spichiger et al. 1743* (MO!), V&aacute;squez et al. 7696 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Vargasiella peruviana C. Schweinf.



Vargasiella peruviana C. Schweinf.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1467: 367; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean II: forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 3288* 
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Varneria augusta L.


Varneria augusta L. = Gardenia augusta (L.) Merr.

Reference: FP 1365: 107. 


$


 Varronia crenata Ruiz & Pav.


Varronia crenata Ruiz & Pav. = Cordia lantanoides Spreng.

Reference: FP 1285: 581. 


$


 Varronia curassavica Jacq.


Varronia curassavica Jacq. = Cordia curassavica (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult.

Reference: Miller, J. S., 1988: 474. 


$


 Varronia cylindristachya Ruiz & Pav.


Varronia cylindristachya Ruiz & Pav. = Cordia cylindrostachya (Ruiz & Pav.) Roem. & Schult.

Reference: FP 1285: 578. 


$


 Varronia dichotoma Ruiz & Pav.


Varronia dichotoma Ruiz & Pav. = Cordia bifurcata Roem. & Schult.

Reference: FP 1285: 575; Miller, J. S., 1988: 468. 


$


 Varronia ferruginea Lam.


Varronia ferruginea Lam. = Cordia spinescens L.

Reference: FP 1285: 588; Miller, J. S., 1988: 492. 


$


 Varronia macrocephala Desv.


Varronia macrocephala Desv. = Cordia macrocephala (Desv.) Kunth

Reference: FP 1285: 583. 


$


 Varronia macrostachya Jacq.


Varronia macrostachya Jacq. = Cordia cylindrostachya (Ruiz & Pav.) Roem. & Schult.

Reference: FP 1285: 578. 


$


 Varronia obliqua Ruiz & Pav.


Varronia obliqua Ruiz & Pav. = Cordia peruviana Roem. & Schult.

Reference: FP 1285: 586. 


$


 Varronia peruviana (Roemer & Schultes) Borhidi


Varronia peruviana (Roemer & Schultes) Borhidi = Cordia peruviana Roem. & Schult.

Reference: Borhidi, A., E. Gondar & Zs. Orosz-Kovacs, 1988: 393. 


$


 Vasconcellea candicans (Gray) A. DC.


Vasconcellea candicans (Gray) A. DC. = Carica candicans Gray

Reference: FP 741: 136; Badillo M., V., 1971: 98; Cuya Matos, O., 1992: 75. 


$


 Vasconcellea heterophylla A. DC.


Vasconcellea heterophylla A. DC. = Carica microcarpa Jacq. subsp. microcarpa 

Reference: FP 741: 137. 


$


 Vasconcellea lanceolata DC.,A.


Vasconcellea lanceolata DC.,A. = Carica quercifolia (A. St.-Hil.) Hieron.

Reference: FP 741: 138; Badillo M., V., 1971: 88. 


$


 Vasconcellea monoica (Desf.) A. DC.


Vasconcellea monoica (Desf.) A. DC. = Carica monoica Desf.

Reference: FP 741: 138; Badillo M., V., 1971: 116. 


$


 Vasconcellea parviflora A. DC.


Vasconcellea parviflora A. DC. = Carica parviflora (A. DC.) Solms

Reference: FP 741: 140; Badillo M., V., 1971: 77. 


$


 Vasconcellea pubescens A. DC.


Vasconcellea pubescens A. DC. = Carica pubescens Lenne & Koch

Reference: FP 741: 140; Badillo M., V., 1971: 105. 


$


 Vasconcellea quercifolia A. St.-Hil.


Vasconcellea quercifolia A. St.-Hil. = Carica quercifolia (A. St.-Hil.) Hieron.

Reference: Badillo M., V., 1971: 88. 


$


 Vasivaea podocarpa Kuhlmann



Vasivaea podocarpa Kuhlmann

$


 Vasquezia oppositifolia (Lag.) S.F. Blake



Vasquezia oppositifolia (Lag.) S.F. Blake

Synonyms: Vasquezia oppositifolia (Hooker) DC., Vasquezia oppositifolia Hooker, Vasquezia oppositifolia Lag.
Reference: Blake, S. F., 1937: 387. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II: disturbed areas. 500-4000 m. 
Note: Robinson (pers. comm.) considers Villanova to be the conserved name.  
Voucher: Stevens 22005 (F!)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, La Libertad.


$


 Vasquezia titicacensis (Meyen & Walp.) S.F. Blake



Vasquezia titicacensis (Meyen & Walp.) S.F. Blake

Synonyms: Vasquezia titicacensis Meyen & Walp.
Reference: Blake, S. F., 1937: 387. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, grasslands, rocky slopes. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Soukup 52 (F!)
Departments: Ancash, Arequipa, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Lima, La Libertad, Moquegua, Puno.


$


 Vassobia dichotoma (Rusby) Bitter



Vassobia dichotoma (Rusby) Bitter

Reference: Hunziker, A. T., 1984: 96; Hunziker, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean II: disturbed areas. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Smith & Brack 3076 (MO!)
Departments: Pasco.


$


 Vassobia fasciculata (Miers) Hunziker



Vassobia fasciculata (Miers) Hunziker

Synonyms: Vassobia fasciculata Rusby, Vassobia fasciculata Wedd.
Reference: Hunziker, pers. comm.. 


$


 Vatairea erythrocarpa (Ducke) Ducke



Vatairea erythrocarpa (Ducke) Ducke

Synonyms: Vatairea erythrocarpa Ducke
Reference: Rudd, V. E., 1974: 477; Lima, H. C. de, 1982: 193. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 56090 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Vatairea fusca (Ducke) Ducke



Vatairea fusca (Ducke) Ducke

Synonyms: Vatairea fusca Ducke
Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 274; Rudd, V. E., 1974: 477; Lima, H. C. de, 1982: 192. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 4633 (MO!)
Departments: Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vatairea guianensis Aubl.



Vatairea guianensis Aubl.

Reference: Lima, H. C. de, 1982: 198. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 25802 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Vateta gesnerioides (Kunth) Raf.


Vateta gesnerioides (Kunth) Raf. = Iochroma gesnerioides (Kunth) Miers

Note: NN  


$


 Velaea peruviana H. Wolff


Velaea peruviana H. Wolff = Arracacia peruviana (H. Wolff) Constance

Reference: FP 1293: 18. 


$


 Verbascum blattaria L.



Verbascum blattaria L.

$


 Verbascum virgatum Stokes



Verbascum virgatum Stokes

$


 Verbena approximata Briq.


Verbena approximata Briq. = Verbena brasiliensis Vell.

Reference: FP 1286: 617; Moldenke, H. N., 1962: 309. 


$


 Verbena arequipense Botta


Verbena arequipense Botta = Junellia arequipense (Botta) Botta

Reference: Botta, S. M., 1987: 237; Botta, S. M., 1989: 392. 


$


 Verbena aretioides Hayek hom. illeg.


Verbena aretioides Hayek hom. illeg. = Junellia hayekii Moldenke

Reference: FP 1286: 615, 622; Botta, S. M., 1989: 389. 


$


 Verbena aspera Gillies & Hooker


Verbena aspera Gillies & Hooker = Junellia aspera (Gillies & Hooker) Moldenke

Reference: FP 1286: 616; Botta, S. M., 1989: 392. 


$


 Verbena bangiana Moldenke



Verbena bangiana Moldenke

Reference: Moldenke, H. N., 1962: 200. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Andean III: disturbed areas, forests. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez et al. 7095 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Verbena berterii (Meisner) Schauer



Verbena berterii (Meisner) Schauer

$


 Verbena berterii fo.albiflora Moldenke



Verbena berterii fo. albiflora Moldenke

Reference: Moldenke, H. N., 1962: 205. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Voucher: Kalenborn & Kalenborn 50 (NY)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Verbena berterii fo.berterii



Verbena berterii fo. berterii 

Synonyms: Verbena berterii berterii Meisner
Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 616; Moldenke, H. N., 1962: 202. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: disturbed areas. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: According to Schnack & Covas (1944) this species may belong in Glandularia (Schnack & Covas, 1944). 
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 7455 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cuzco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Verbena bonariensis L.



Verbena bonariensis L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 616; Moldenke, H. N., 1980: 135; Yeo, P. F., 1990: 105. 
Ecology. 3000- > 4500 m. 
Note: According to Yeo (1990), V. bonariensis probably does not occur in Peru. 
Voucher: Kalenborn 160 (MO!)
Departments: Arequipa, Lima.


$


 Verbena bonariensis var. litoralis (Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth) Hooker


Verbena bonariensis var. litoralis (Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth) Hooker = Verbena litoralis fo. litoralis 

Reference: FP 1286: 624; L&oacute;pez-Palacios, S., 1977: 563. 


$


 Verbena bonariensis var. rigida (Sprengel) Kuntze


Verbena bonariensis var. rigida (Sprengel) Kuntze = Verbena rigida Sprengel

Reference: FP 1286: 617; Moldenke, H. N., 1964: 63. 


$


 Verbena brasiliensis Vell.



Verbena brasiliensis Vell.

Synonyms: Verbena brasiliensis (Vell. Conc.) Briq., Verbena brasiliensis Briq.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 617; Moldenke, H. N., 1962: 309; Yeo, P. F., 1990: 111. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: disturbed areas. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Smith et al. 1842 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, La Libertad, Pasco.


$


 Verbena calcicola Walpers


Verbena calcicola Walpers = Verbena clavata var. clavata 

Reference: FP 1286: 617; Moldenke, H. N., 1963: 31. 


$


 Verbena carolina L.



Verbena carolina L.

Synonyms: Verbena carolina (Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth) Loes., Verbena carolina Kunth
Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 618; Moldenke, H. N., 1963: 483. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Verbena caroliniana var. polystachya (Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth) Loes.


Verbena caroliniana var. polystachya (Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth) Loes. = Verbena carolina L.

Reference: FP 1286: 618; Moldenke, H. N., 1963: 484. 
Note: NN  


$


 Verbena cayennensis Rich.


Verbena cayennensis Rich. = Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) M. Vahl

Reference: FP 1286: 658; Jansen-Jacobs, M. J., 1988: 67. 


$


 Verbena chamaedryfolia Jussieu


Verbena chamaedryfolia Jussieu = Glandularia peruviana (L.) Small

Reference: FP 1286: 628; Moldenke, H. N., 1964: 314. 


$


 Verbena clavata fo.albiflora Moldenke



Verbena clavata fo. albiflora Moldenke

Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 618; Moldenke, H. N., 1963: 32. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Coastal: lomas, desert. 0-500 m. 
Note: According to Pool (pers. comm.), this taxon belongs in Glandularia. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 2507* (MO!), Alva 158 (US)
Departments: Arequipa, Ica.


$


 Verbena clavata Ruiz & Pav.



Verbena clavata Ruiz & Pav.

$


 Verbena clavata var.casmensis Moldenke



Verbena clavata var. casmensis Moldenke

Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 618; Moldenke, H. N., 1963: 32. 
Ecology: Endemic herb, shrub. Coastal: lomas. 0-500 m. 
Note: According to Pool (pers. comm.), this taxon belongs in Glandularia. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 8031* (US), Ferreyra 8035 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Arequipa, Tacna.


$


 Verbena clavata var.clavata



Verbena clavata var. clavata 

Synonyms: Verbena clavata clavata Hayek, Verbena clavata clavata Walpers, Verbena clavata clavata Walpers
Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 618; Moldenke, H. N., 1963: 29. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Andean I-II, Coastal: disturbed areas, forests, lomas, rocky slopes. 0-4000 m. 
Note: According to Schnack & Covas (1944), this taxon belongs in Glandularia.  
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (B photo F!), Dillon & Dillon 3929 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Lima, Moquegua, Tacna.


$


 Verbena concepcionis Moldenke



Verbena concepcionis Moldenke

Reference: Moldenke, H. N., 1980: 135. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   
Departments: Lima.


$


 Verbena corymbosa Ruiz & Pav.



Verbena corymbosa Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Moldenke, H. N., 1963: 40. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Verbena cuneifolia Ruiz & Pav.



Verbena cuneifolia Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 619; Moldenke, H. N., 1963: 50. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, rocky slopes. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Mostacero et al. 1837 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, La Libertad, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Verbena dichotoma Ruiz & Pav.


Verbena dichotoma Ruiz & Pav. = Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) M. Vahl

Reference: FP 1286: 658; Jansen-Jacobs, M. J., 1988: 67. 


$


 Verbena dissecta Willdenow ex Schauer


Verbena dissecta Willdenow ex Schauer = Glandularia dissecta (Willdenow ex Schauer) Schnack & Covas

Reference: FP 1286: 619; Troncoso, N. S., 1964: 484. 
Note: NN  


$


 Verbena echegarayi Hieron.


Verbena echegarayi Hieron. = Junellia echegarayi (Hieronymus) Moldenke

Reference: FP 1286: 620; Botta, S. M., 1989: 392. 


$


 Verbena erinoides Lam.


Verbena erinoides Lam. = Glandularia laciniata (L.) Schnack & Covas

Reference: FP 1286: 623; Moldenke, H. N., 1964: 388. 


$


 Verbena fasciculata Benth.



Verbena fasciculata Benth.

Synonyms: Verbena fasciculata Briq., Verbena fasciculata Moldenke
Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 620; Moldenke, H. N., 1963: 114. 
Ecology: Endemic herb, shrub. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, forests, grasslands. 2000-4500 m. 
Note: According to Pool (pers. comm.), this taxon belongs in Glandularia. 
Voucher: Hinds s.n.* (K), Ferreyra 15020 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Huancavelica, Ica, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, La Libertad, Loreto.


$


 Verbena ferreyrae Moldenke



Verbena ferreyrae Moldenke

Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 620; Moldenke, H. N., 1963: 118. 
Ecology: Endemic herb, liana. Andean II: rocky slopes. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ferreyra 5491* (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho.


$


 Verbena fissa Hayek


Verbena fissa Hayek = Verbena clavata var. clavata 

Reference: FP 1286: 621; Moldenke, H. N., 1963: 30. 


$


 Verbena fluminensis Vell.


Verbena fluminensis Vell. = Bouchea fluminensis (Vell. Conc.) Moldenke

Reference: FP 1286: 656; Troncoso, N. S., 1974: 348. 


$


 Verbena glabrata Kunth



Verbena glabrata Kunth

Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 621; Moldenke, H. N., 1963: 125. 
Ecology: Cultivated herb. Andean II: disturbed areas. 1500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Sullivan et al. 1004 (MO!)
Departments: Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, La Libertad, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Verbena globiflora L'Heritier


Verbena globiflora L'Heritier = Lippia alba fo. alba 

Reference: L&oacute;pez-Palacios, S., 1977: 419. 


$


 Verbena gynobasis var.gynobasis



Verbena gynobasis var. gynobasis 

Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 617; Moldenke, H. N., 1963: 158; Marticorena, C. & M. Quezada, 1985: 14. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I: disturbed areas. 1000-1500 m. 
Note: According to Pool (pers. comm.) this taxon belongs in Glandularia. 
Voucher: Weddell s.n.* , Vargas 18227 (AAU)
Departments: Tacna.


$


 Verbena gynobasis var.strigosa Wedd.



Verbena gynobasis var. strigosa Wedd.

Reference: Moldenke, H. N., 1963: 160. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   According to Pool (pers. comm.) this taxon belongs in Glandularia. 
Voucher: Gay 1839* (P)
Departments: Arequipa, Cuzco.


$


 Verbena gynobasis Wedd.



Verbena gynobasis Wedd.

$


 Verbena hayekii Moldenke



Verbena hayekii Moldenke

Synonyms: Verbena hayekii Hayek hom. illeg.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 622; Moldenke, H. N., 1963: 285. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, grasslands. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 2573* (B), Smith 3015 (MO!)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Puno.


$


 Verbena hispida Ruiz & Pav.



Verbena hispida Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 622; Moldenke, H. N., 1963: 292. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, grasslands. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (B photo F!), Smith et al. 12036 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Arequipa, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, La Libertad, Loreto, Moquegua, Puno, Tacna.


$


 Verbena inflata Kunth


Verbena inflata Kunth = Hierobotana inflata (Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth) Briq.

Reference: FP 1286: 631. 


$


 Verbena intermedia Gillies & Hooker



Verbena intermedia Gillies & Hooker

Reference: Moldenke, H. N., 1964: 376. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean III: grasslands. 3500-4000 m. 
Note: Moldenke (1980) does not include Peru in the distribution of this species. 
Voucher: West 8190 (MO!)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Verbena juniperina Gillies & Hooker


Verbena juniperina Gillies & Hooker = Junellia juniperina (Lag.) Moldenke

Reference: FP 1286: 623. 


$


 Verbena juniperina Lag.


Verbena juniperina Lag. = Junellia juniperina (Lag.) Moldenke

Reference: FP 1286: 622; Botta, S. M., 1989: 388. 


$


 Verbena laciniata (L.) Briq.


Verbena laciniata (L.) Briq. = Glandularia laciniata (L.) Schnack & Covas

Reference: FP 1286: 623; Moldenke, H. N., 1964: 388. 


$


 Verbena lappulacea L.


Verbena lappulacea L. = Priva lappulacea (L.) Pers.

Reference: FP 1286: 660; Howard, R. A., 1989: 238. 


$


 Verbena ligustrina Lag.


Verbena ligustrina Lag. = Junellia ligustrina (Lag.) Moldenke

Reference: Moldenke, H. N., 1948: 466. 


$


 Verbena litoralis fo.albiflora (Moldenke) Moldenke



Verbena litoralis fo. albiflora (Moldenke) Moldenke

Synonyms: Verbena litoralis var. albiflora Moldenke
Reference: Moldenke, H. N., 1979: 329. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Voucher: Allard 20399 (US)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Verbena litoralis fo.litoralis



Verbena litoralis fo. litoralis 

Synonyms: Verbena litoralis var. litoralis (Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth) Hooker, Verbena litoralis var. litoralis Schauer
Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 624; Yeo, P. F., 1990: 115. 
Ecology: Cultivated herb. Amazonian, Andean I-III: disturbed areas, forests, grasslands, rocky slopes, shrublands. 0-4000 m. 
Voucher: Bonpland s.n.* (P-H&B), Smith et al. 9407 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Arequipa, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, La Libertad, Loreto, Piura, San Mart&iacute;n, Tacna.


$


 Verbena litoralis Kunth



Verbena litoralis Kunth

$


 Verbena litoralis var. albiflora Moldenke


Verbena litoralis var. albiflora Moldenke = Verbena litoralis fo. albiflora (Moldenke) Moldenke

Reference: Moldenke, H. N., 1964: 75. 


$


 Verbena litoralis var. brasiliensis (Vell. Conc.) Briq.


Verbena litoralis var. brasiliensis (Vell. Conc.) Briq. = Verbena brasiliensis Vell.

Reference: FP 1286: 617; Yeo, P. F., 1990: 111. 


$


 Verbena litoralis var. pycnostachya Schauer


Verbena litoralis var. pycnostachya Schauer = Verbena litoralis fo. litoralis 

Reference: FP 1286: 617; Yeo, P. F., 1990: 115. 


$


 Verbena lucanensis Moldenke



Verbena lucanensis Moldenke

Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 624; Moldenke, H. N., 1964: 85. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 5493* (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Huancavelica, Lima, La Libertad.


$


 Verbena marrubioides Cham.


Verbena marrubioides Cham. = Glandularia marrubioides (Cham.) Troncoso

Reference: Troncoso, N. S., 1975: 738; Moldenke, H. N., 1980: 136. 


$


 Verbena matthewsii Briq.


Verbena matthewsii Briq. = Glandularia dissecta (Willdenow ex Schauer) Schnack & Covas

Reference: FP 1286: 625; Moldenke, H. N., 1963: 114. 


$


 Verbena melindres Gillies


Verbena melindres Gillies = Glandularia peruviana (L.) Small

Reference: FP 1286: 628; Moldenke, H. N., 1964: 315. 


$


 Verbena microphylla Kunth


Verbena microphylla Kunth = Glandularia microphylla (Kunth) Cabrera

Reference: FP 1286: 625; Moldenke, H. N., 1964: 146. 


$


 Verbena minima Meyen


Verbena minima Meyen = Junellia minima (Meyen) Moldenke

Reference: FP 1286: 626; Botta, S. M., 1989: 389. 


$


 Verbena minutiflora var.peruviana Moldenke



Verbena minutiflora var. peruviana Moldenke

Reference: Moldenke, H. N., 1981: 14. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: disturbed areas. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui et al. 8385* (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Verbena montevidensis Sprengel



Verbena montevidensis Sprengel

Reference: Moldenke, H. N., 1964: 158; Moldenke, H. N., 1982: 247. 
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Verbena monticola Moldenke



Verbena monticola Moldenke

Reference: Moldenke, H. N., 1974: 193. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean III: disturbed areas. 3500-4000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: L&oacute;pez 8079* (NY)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Verbena multifida Ruiz & Pav.


Verbena multifida Ruiz & Pav. = Glandularia laciniata (L.) Schnack & Covas

Reference: FP 1286: 623; Moldenke, H. N., 1964: 388. 


$


 Verbena nodiflora L.


Verbena nodiflora L. = Lippia nodiflora (L.) Michx.

Reference: FP 1286: 651; Nash, D. L. & M. Nee, 1984: 93. 


$


 Verbena occidentalis Moldenke


Verbena occidentalis Moldenke = Verbena fasciculata Benth.

Reference: Moldenke, H. N., 1963: 115. 


$


 Verbena occulta fo.alba Moldenke



Verbena occulta fo. alba Moldenke

Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 627; Moldenke, H. N., 1964: 194. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 6586* (MO!), Cerrate 302 (NY)
Departments: Ancash, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco.


$


 Verbena occulta fo.aurantiaca Moldenke



Verbena occulta fo. aurantiaca Moldenke

Reference: Moldenke, H. N., 1968: 344. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: disturbed areas. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Angulo 1383* (LL)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Verbena occulta fo.occulta



Verbena occulta fo. occulta 

Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 627; Moldenke, H. N., 1964: 193. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: disturbed areas, riversides. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 1298* (NY), Sag&aacute;stegui et al. 8078 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Arequipa, Cajamarca, Lima, La Libertad.


$


 Verbena occulta Moldenke



Verbena occulta Moldenke

$


 Verbena officinalis L.



Verbena officinalis L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 627; Moldenke, H. N., 1964: 194. 
Ecology: Introduced herb. . 
Note: An introduced herb, not confirmed from Peru; native to Europe. 


$


 Verbena parvula Hayek



Verbena parvula Hayek

$


 Verbena parvula var.gigas Moldenke



Verbena parvula var. gigas Moldenke

Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 628; Moldenke, H. N., 1964: 297. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 21925* (NY), Hammarland 631 (S)
Departments: Arequipa, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Verbena parvula var.parvula



Verbena parvula var. parvula 

Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 627; Moldenke, H. N., 1964: 296. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II: elfin forests, grasslands. 1000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Cerrate 1111 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Arequipa, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Lambayeque, Lima, Loreto, Piura, Puno, Tacna.


$


 Verbena peruviana (L.) Britton


Verbena peruviana (L.) Britton = Glandularia peruviana (L.) Small

Reference: FP 1286: 628; Moldenke, H. N., 1964: 313. 


$


 Verbena pogostoma Klotzsch



Verbena pogostoma Klotzsch

Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 628; Moldenke, H. N., 1964: 19; Moldenke, H. N., 1980: 192. 
Ecology: Cultivated herb, subshrub. Andean II: disturbed areas. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: The Flora of Peru uses the incorrect spelling "pogonostoma." Moldenke (1964f, 1980f) states that the seeds from which the type was grown originated in Argentina, and that the taxon is endemic to Argentina. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 5333 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Lima.


$


 Verbena polystachya Kunth


Verbena polystachya Kunth = Verbena carolina L.

Reference: FP 1286: 618; Moldenke, H. N., 1963: 483. 
Note: NN  


$


 Verbena procumbens Hayek hom. illeg.


Verbena procumbens Hayek hom. illeg. = Verbena hayekii Moldenke

Reference: FP 1286: 622; Moldenke, H. N., 1963: 285. 


$


 Verbena rigida Sprengel



Verbena rigida Sprengel

Synonyms: Verbena rigida (Sprengel) Kuntze
Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 617; Moldenke, H. N., 1964: 62. 
Ecology: Cultivated herb. Region uncertain: disturbed areas. . 
Voucher: Soukup 2912 (NY)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Verbena stachys Raimondi hyponym



Verbena stachys Raimondi hyponym

Reference: Moldenke, H. N., 1964: 183. 
Note: nom. illeg.  Moldenke (1964g) cites the type, Raimondi s.n. from Jun&iacute;n, but apparently the species was never validly published. 


$


 Verbena tenuisecta Briq.


Verbena tenuisecta Briq. = Glandularia tenuisecta (Briquet) Small

Reference: FP 1286: 629; Troncoso, N. S., 1964: 477. 


$


 Verbena tessmannii Moldenke



Verbena tessmannii Moldenke

Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 629; Moldenke, H. N., 1965: 304; Moldenke, H. N., 1980: 171. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Verbena trifida Kunth



Verbena trifida Kunth

Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 630; Moldenke, H. N., 1965: 318. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Verbena triphylla L'H&eacute;r.


Verbena triphylla L'H&eacute;r. = Aloysia triphylla (L'H&eacute;r.) Britton

Reference: FP 1286: 654; L&oacute;pez-Palacios, S., 1977: 182. 


$


 Verbena variabilis Moldenke



Verbena variabilis Moldenke

Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 630; Moldenke, H. N., 1965: 482. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Metcalf 30255* (MO!)
Departments: Huancavelica.


$


 Verbena villifolia Hayek



Verbena villifolia Hayek

Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 631; Moldenke, H. N., 1965: 483. 
Ecology. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 2582* (B photo F!), Hutchison & Tovar 4209 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Cuzco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco.


$


 Verbena virgata Ruiz & Pav.


Verbena virgata Ruiz & Pav. = Aloysia virgata var. virgata 

Reference: FP 1286: 655; Moldenke, H. N., 1959: 378. 


$


 Verbena weberbaueri Hayek



Verbena weberbaueri Hayek

Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 631; Moldenke, H. N., 1965: 485. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean III: disturbed areas. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 440* (B), Aguilar s.n. (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Puno.


$


 Verbena X hybrida Voss ex Rumpler


Verbena X hybrida Voss ex Rumpler = Glandularia X hybrida (Gr&ouml;nland & R&uuml;mpler) Nesom & Pruski

Reference: Moldenke, H. N., 1963: 305. 


$


 Verbesina alba L.


Verbesina alba L. = Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.

$


 Verbesina andina Sag&aacute;st.



Verbesina andina Sag&aacute;st.

$


 Verbesina arborea Kunth



Verbesina arborea Kunth

Synonyms: Verbesina arborea (H.B.K.) O. Hoffm.


$


 Verbesina auriculigera S.F. Blake



Verbesina auriculigera S.F. Blake

Reference: Blake, S. F., 1931: 80. 
Ecology. 2000-3500 m. 
Note:   
Voucher: Weberbauer 7612* (US!)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Jun&iacute;n, Huancavelica.


$


 Verbesina ayabacensis Sag&aacute;st.



Verbesina ayabacensis Sag&aacute;st.

Reference: Sag&aacute;stegui-Alva, A., 1976: 43. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 6392* (GH)
Departments: Piura.


$


 Verbesina cabrerae Sag&aacute;st.



Verbesina cabrerae Sag&aacute;st.

Reference: Sag&aacute;stegui-Alva, A., 1969: 240. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Cabrera & Fabris 13505* (LP)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Verbesina cajamarcensis Sag&aacute;st.



Verbesina cajamarcensis Sag&aacute;st.

Reference: Sag&aacute;stegui-Alva, A., 1975: 261. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: disturbed areas, rocky slopes. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 5033* (NY!, USM)
Departments: Cajamarca, La Libertad.


$


 Verbesina callacatensis Hieron.



Verbesina callacatensis Hieron.

Reference: Hieronymus, G., 1905: 492. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Jelski 649* (US)
Departments: Cajamarca, Lambayeque.


$


 Verbesina contumacensis Sag&aacute;st.



Verbesina contumacensis Sag&aacute;st.

Reference: Sag&aacute;stegui-Alva, A., 1976: 45. 
Ecology. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui 7644* (HUT), Sag&aacute;stegui 9687 (F!)
Departments: Cajamarca, La Libertad.


$


 Verbesina cumingii Schultz-Bip. ex S. F. Blake



Verbesina cumingii Schultz-Bip. ex S. F. Blake

Reference: Blake, S. F., 1925: 643. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 6392 (F!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash.


$


 Verbesina dilloniana Sag&aacute;st.



Verbesina dilloniana Sag&aacute;st.

Reference: Sag&aacute;stegui-Alva, A., 1991: 1. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: shrublands. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui & S&aacute;nchez 14181* (F!)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Verbesina eggersii Hieron.



Verbesina eggersii Hieron.

Reference: Hieronymus, G., 1901: 611. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: S&aacute;nchez 4033 (F!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Verbesina fuscicaulis Sag&aacute;st.



Verbesina fuscicaulis Sag&aacute;st.

Reference: Sag&aacute;stegui-Alva, A., 1991: 3. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: rocky slopes, shrublands. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Leiva & Leiva 63* (F!)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Verbesina grandifolia S.F. Blake



Verbesina grandifolia S.F. Blake

Reference: Blake, S. F., 1924: 432. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 1500* (F!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Verbesina grandis S.F. Blake



Verbesina grandis S.F. Blake

Reference: Blake, S. F., 1924: 428. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 3786* (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Verbesina hastifolia S.F. Blake



Verbesina hastifolia S.F. Blake

Synonyms: Verbesina hastifolia DC.
Reference: Blake, S. F., 1924: 426. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 195* (F!)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Verbesina hexantha Sag&aacute;st.



Verbesina hexantha Sag&aacute;st.

Reference: Sag&aacute;stegui-Alva, A., 1982: 303. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, tree. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: L&oacute;pez & Aldave 8531* (HUT), S&aacute;nchez 2187 (F!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Verbesina huaranchaliana Sag&aacute;st.



Verbesina huaranchaliana Sag&aacute;st.

Reference: Sag&aacute;stegui-Alva, A., 1982: 306. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui & Suarez  2632* (HUT)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Verbesina jelskii Hieron.



Verbesina jelskii Hieron.

Reference: Hieronymus, G., 1905: 493. 
Ecology: Native shrub. . 
Voucher: Jelski 691* (US!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Verbesina killipii S.F. Blake



Verbesina killipii S.F. Blake

Reference: Blake, S. F., 1931: 82. 
Ecology. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui 9706 (F!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Verbesina laevis S.F. Blake



Verbesina laevis S.F. Blake

Reference: Blake, S. F., 1924: 639. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. . 
Voucher: Mathews s.n.* (NY)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Verbesina lopez-mirandae Sag&aacute;st.



Verbesina lopez-mirandae Sag&aacute;st.

Reference: Sag&aacute;stegui-Alva, A., 1980: 64. 
Ecology. 1000-2000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: L&oacute;pez 707* (US!)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Verbesina macbridei S.F. Blake



Verbesina macbridei S.F. Blake

Reference: Blake, S. F., 1924: 421. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean I-II: riversides. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 4822* (F!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, La Libertad.


$


 Verbesina malacophylla S.F. Blake



Verbesina malacophylla S.F. Blake

Reference: Blake, S. F., 1924: 422. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: riversides. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 1935* (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Verbesina nodiflora L.


Verbesina nodiflora L. = Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn.

$


 Verbesina ochroleucotricha Sag&aacute;st.



Verbesina ochroleucotricha Sag&aacute;st.

Reference: Sag&aacute;stegui-Alva, A., 1980: 67. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Evinger 494* (US!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Verbesina oligactis S.F. Blake



Verbesina oligactis S.F. Blake

Reference: Blake, S. F., 1926: 227. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui 9979 (F!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Verbesina paucicephala Sag&aacute;st.



Verbesina paucicephala Sag&aacute;st.

Reference: Sag&aacute;stegui-Alva, A., 1969: 243. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Tovar 3559* (LP, USM)
Departments: Huancavelica.


$


 Verbesina pentalobifolia Sag&aacute;st.



Verbesina pentalobifolia Sag&aacute;st.

Reference: Sagastegui, A., 1969: 56. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 3400* (GH)
Departments: Lambayeque.


$


 Verbesina peruviana Sag&aacute;st.



Verbesina peruviana Sag&aacute;st.

Reference: Sag&aacute;stegui-Alva, A., 1969: 245. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: L&oacute;pez & Sag&aacute;stegui 5470* (HUT, LP), Sag&aacute;stegui 7779* (F!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Verbesina pflanzii J. Perkins



Verbesina pflanzii J. Perkins

Reference: Perkins, J. R., 1912: 227. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: King et al. 298 (F!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Verbesina piurana Sag&aacute;st.



Verbesina piurana Sag&aacute;st.

Reference: Sag&aacute;stegui-Alva, A., 1985: 416. 
Ecology. 1500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui et al. 8132* (F, HUT),  Sag&aacute;stegui  8722 (F!, HUT)
Departments: Piura.


$


 Verbesina plowmanii Sag&aacute;st.



Verbesina plowmanii Sag&aacute;st.

Reference: Sag&aacute;stegui-Alva, A., 1991: 6. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean I: disturbed areas. 1000-1500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Plowman et al. 14307* (F!)
Departments: Lambayeque.


$


 Verbesina prostrata L.


Verbesina prostrata L. = Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.

$


 Verbesina retifera S.F. Blake



Verbesina retifera S.F. Blake

Reference: Blake, S. F., 1931: 81. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 7918* (F!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Verbesina sanchezii Sag&aacute;st.



Verbesina sanchezii Sag&aacute;st.

Reference: Sag&aacute;stegui-Alva, A., 1982: 308. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: forests, rocky slopes. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui 7405* (HUT), S&aacute;nchez 1794 (F!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Verbesina saubinetioides S.F. Blake



Verbesina saubinetioides S.F. Blake

Reference: Blake, S. F., 1924: 423. 
Ecology. 1000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 132* (F!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Lima, La Libertad.


$


 Verbesina semidecurrens Kuntze



Verbesina semidecurrens Kuntze

$


 Verbesina simplicicaulis Sag&aacute;st.



Verbesina simplicicaulis Sag&aacute;st.

Reference: Sag&aacute;stegui-Alva, A., 1982: 311. 
Ecology: Endemic subshrub. Andean II: forests. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui et al. 8225* (HUT), Sag&aacute;stegui 8579 (F!)
Departments: Piura.


$


 Verbesina sodiroi Hieron.



Verbesina sodiroi Hieron.

Reference: Hieronymus, G., 1901: 44. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 1189 (F!)
Departments: Huancavelica, Pasco.


$


 Verbesina subrotundifolia Sag&aacute;st.



Verbesina subrotundifolia Sag&aacute;st.

Reference: Sag&aacute;stegui-Alva, A., 1982: 313. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui et al. 8224* (HUT)
Departments: Piura.


$


 Verbesina szyszylowiczii Hieron.



Verbesina szyszylowiczii Hieron.

Reference: Hieronymus, G., 1905: 492. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. . 
Voucher: Jelski 673* (US!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Verbesina tomentosa DC.


Verbesina tomentosa DC. = Verbesina hastifolia S.F. Blake

$


 Verbesina tovari Cabrera



Verbesina tovari Cabrera

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1955: 67. 
Ecology. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Tovar 977* (LP), Tovar 784 (LP)
Departments: Huancavelica.


$


 Verbesina weberbaueri Sag&aacute;st.



Verbesina weberbaueri Sag&aacute;st.

Reference: Sag&aacute;stegui-Alva, A., 1975: 263. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 6581* (GH)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Vermifuga corumbosa Ruiz & Pav.


Vermifuga corumbosa Ruiz & Pav. = Flaveria bidentis (L.) Kuntze

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1960: 207. 


$


 Vernonia affinis Kunth



Vernonia affinis Kunth

$


 Vernonia albifila Gleason


Vernonia albifila Gleason = Vernonia yurimaguasensis Hieron.

$


 Vernonia apurimacensis S. B. Jones



Vernonia apurimacensis S. B. Jones

Reference: Flora Peru: 1416: 38; Robinson, H., 1990: 487. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: shrublands. 2000-3000 m. 
Note: Treated as conspecific with V. ferreyrae [as Lepidaploa] by Robinson (1990: 487). 
Voucher: Hutchison 1748* (F), Stork & Horton 10668 (F)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Cuzco.


$


 Vernonia arborescens (L.) Sw.



Vernonia arborescens (L.) Sw.

Synonyms: Vernonia arborescens (L.) H. Rob., Vernonia arborescens L.
Reference: Keeley, S. C., 1982: 79; Robinson, H., 1990: 481. 
Ecology: Native liana, shrub. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests. 0-2000 m. 
Note: Treated under Lepidaploa by Robinson (1990: 481) who also restricts the circunscription of the taxon to Caribbean material. 
Voucher: Jelskii 775 (B photo NY)


$


 Vernonia arborescens var. cuneifolia Britton


Vernonia arborescens var. cuneifolia Britton = Vernonia canescens Kunth

Reference: FP 1416: 44; Robinson, H., 1990: 483. 


$


 Vernonia argyropappa Buek


Vernonia argyropappa Buek = Vernonia salzmannii DC.

Reference: FP 1416: 46; Robinson, H., 1990: 492. 


$


 Vernonia argyrotrichia Schultz-Bip. ex Baker


Vernonia argyrotrichia Schultz-Bip. ex Baker = Piptocarpha asterotrichia (Poepp.) Baker

Reference: Robinson, H., 1990: 482. 


$


 Vernonia aschenborniana Schauer


Vernonia aschenborniana Schauer = Vernonia patens Kunth

Reference: FP 1416: 35. 


$


 Vernonia asterotrichia Poepp.


Vernonia asterotrichia Poepp. = Piptocarpha asterotrichia (Poepp.) Baker

Reference: FP 1416: 49. 


$


 Vernonia baccharoides Kunth


Vernonia baccharoides Kunth = Vernonia patens Kunth

Reference: FP 1416: 35. 


$


 Vernonia bangii Rusby


Vernonia bangii Rusby = Vernonia patens Kunth

Reference: FP 1416: 35. 


$


 Vernonia brachiata Benth. ex Oerst.



Vernonia brachiata Benth. ex Oerst.

Synonyms: Vernonia brachiata (Benth.) Kuntze, Vernonia brachiata Rusby
Reference: Flora Peru: 1416: 41. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, riversides. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Oersted s.n.* (K), Klug 2615 (F)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vernonia bullata Benth.


Vernonia bullata Benth. = Vernonia canescens Kunth

Reference: FP 1416: 44. 


$


 Vernonia cainarachiensis Hieron.



Vernonia cainarachiensis Hieron.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1416: 41. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests, shrublands. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Ule 6387* (B), Schunke A-1 (F)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vernonia cajamarcensis H. Rob.



Vernonia cajamarcensis H. Rob.

$


 Vernonia canescens Kunth



Vernonia canescens Kunth

Synonyms: Vernonia canescens (Benth.) Kuntze, Vernonia canescens (Benth.) Kuntze, Vernonia canescens (Britton) Gleason, Vernonia canescens (H.B.K.) Kuntze, Vernonia canescens (Kunth) Cass., Vernonia canescens Benth., Vernonia canescens Britton, Vernonia canescens Gleason, Vernonia canescens Gleason, Vernonia canescens Hieron., Vernonia canescens Kunth, Vernonia canescens Rusby
Reference: Flora Peru: 1416: 44; Keeley, S. C., 1982: 80; Robinson, H., 1990: 483. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Amazonian, Andean I-II, Coastal: disturbed areas, shrublands. 0-2500 m. 
Note: For alternative treatment, see Robinson (1990: 483). 
Voucher: Bonpland 3529* (P), Hutchison & Wright 5865 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lambayeque, Loreto, Piura, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Vernonia costata Rusby



Vernonia costata Rusby

Synonyms: Vernonia costata (Rusby) H. Rob.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1416: 44; Robinson, H., 1990: 486. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean I: savannas. 500-1500 m. 
Note: For alternative treatment, see Robinson (1990: 486). 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 25012 (F)
Departments: Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Vernonia cotaniensis Hieron.


Vernonia cotaniensis Hieron. = Vernonia fulta Griseb.

Reference: FP 1416: 37. 


$


 Vernonia cuneifolia (Britton) Gleason


Vernonia cuneifolia (Britton) Gleason = Vernonia canescens Kunth

Reference: FP 1416: 44; Robinson, H., 1990: 485. 


$


 Vernonia cutervensis Hieron.



Vernonia cutervensis Hieron.

$


 Vernonia digitata Rusby


Vernonia digitata Rusby = Vernonia brachiata Benth. ex Oerst.

Reference: FP 1416: 41. 


$


 Vernonia ferreyrae H. Rob.



Vernonia ferreyrae H. Rob.

Synonyms: Vernonia ferreyrae (H. Rob.) H. Rob.
Reference: 0028102, : 158. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: riversides, rocky slopes. 1500-2500 m. 
Note: For alternative treatment, see Robinson (1990: 487). 
Voucher: Vargas 17905* (US), Ferreyra 2744 (US!)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Cuzco.


$


 Vernonia ferruginea Less.



Vernonia ferruginea Less.

Synonyms: Vernonia ferruginea (Less.) Kuntze
Reference: Flora Peru: 1416: 33. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, tree. Andean I: grasslands. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 24780 (F!)
Departments: Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Vernonia fieldiana Gleason



Vernonia fieldiana Gleason

Synonyms: Vernonia fieldiana (Gleason) H. Rob.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1416: 45; Robinson, H., 1990: 487. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean I-II: forests. 1000-2000 m. 
Note: For alternative treatment, see Robinson (1990: 487). 
Voucher: Williams 7663* (US), Klug 3423 (MO)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vernonia flavescens Less.


Vernonia flavescens Less. = Vernonia scorpioides (Lam.) Pers.

Reference: FP 1416: 39. 


$


 Vernonia floribunda Kunth


Vernonia floribunda Kunth = Vernonia patens Kunth

Reference: FP 1416: 35. 


$


 Vernonia fulta Griseb.



Vernonia fulta Griseb.

Synonyms: Vernonia fulta Hieron., Vernonia fulta Rusby
Reference: Flora Peru: 1416: 36. 
Ecology. 500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 3734 (MO)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Pasco, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vernonia geminiflora Poepp.


Vernonia geminiflora Poepp. = Vernonia salzmannii DC.

Reference: FP 1416: 46. 


$


 Vernonia gracilis Kunth



Vernonia gracilis Kunth

Synonyms: Vernonia gracilis (H.B.K.) Kuntze, Vernonia gracilis (Kunth) H. Rob., Vernonia gracilis (Schultz-Bip.) Kuntze, Vernonia gracilis Sch. Bip.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1416: 31; Robinson, H., 1990: 488. 
Ecology. . 
Note: For alternative treatment, see Robinson (1990: 488). 
Voucher: Croat 19916 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Vernonia haenkeana DC.


Vernonia haenkeana DC. = Vernonia patens Kunth

Reference: FP 1416: 35. 


$


 Vernonia heptantha DC.



Vernonia heptantha DC.

$


 Vernonia herbacea (Vell.) Rusby



Vernonia herbacea (Vell.) Rusby

Synonyms: Vernonia herbacea Less., Vernonia herbacea Rusby, Vernonia herbacea Vell.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1416: 46. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 1527 (F)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Vernonia jalcana Cuatrec.



Vernonia jalcana Cuatrec.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1416: 29. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: grasslands, shrublands. 1500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Wurdack 1359* (NY), Hutchison & Wright 5515 (F)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Lima, Pasco.


$


 Vernonia jelskii Hieron.



Vernonia jelskii Hieron.

Synonyms: Vernonia jelskii Hieron.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1416: 30. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Jelski 602* (MO), Jelski 623 (US)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Vernonia jelskii var. virescens Hieron.


Vernonia jelskii var. virescens Hieron. = Vernonia jelskii Hieron.

Reference: FP 1416: 30. 


$


 Vernonia lambayequensis S. B. Jones



Vernonia lambayequensis S. B. Jones

Reference: Flora Peru: 1416: 28. 
Ecology. 1000-1500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 3473* (MO!, USM!)
Departments: Lambayeque.


$


 Vernonia lanceolaris A. DC.


Vernonia lanceolaris A. DC. = Vernonia patens Kunth

Reference: FP 1416: 35. 


$


 Vernonia lanuginosa Gardner


Vernonia lanuginosa Gardner = Vernonia scorpioides (Lam.) Pers.

Reference: FP 1416: 39. 


$


 Vernonia laurifolia DC.



Vernonia laurifolia DC.

Synonyms: Vernonia laurifolia (DC.) Kuntze
Reference: Flora Peru: 1417: 32. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Hb. DeCandolle s.n.* (G-DC), Metcalf 30660 (MO)
Departments: Puno.


$


 Vernonia libertadensis S. B. Jones


Vernonia libertadensis S. B. Jones = Baccharis libertadensis (S. B. Jones) H. Rob.

Reference: FP 1416: 31; Robinson, H., 1988: 34. 


$


 Vernonia lindenii (Schultz-Bip.) Cuatrec.



Vernonia lindenii (Schultz-Bip.) Cuatrec.

Synonyms: Vernonia lindenii Sch. Bip.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1416: 28. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Vernonia longeracemosa C. Mart. ex DC.


Vernonia longeracemosa C. Mart. ex DC. = Vernonia scorpioides (Lam.) Pers.

Reference: FP 1416: 39. 


$


 Vernonia mapirensis Gleason



Vernonia mapirensis Gleason

Synonyms: Vernonia mapirensis (Gleason) H. Rob., Vernonia mapirensis Gleason
Reference: Flora Peru: 1416: 33; Robinson, H., 1990: 489. 
Ecology. 1000-3000 m. 
Note: For alternative treatment, see Robinson (1990: 489). 
Voucher: Macbride 5775 (F!)
Departments: Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Puno.


$


 Vernonia megaphylla Hieron.



Vernonia megaphylla Hieron.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1416: 41. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Vernonia mexiae H. Rob.



Vernonia mexiae H. Rob.

Reference: Robinson, H., 1981: 266. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Mexia 8229* (US), Schunke 4974 
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vernonia micradenia DC.


Vernonia micradenia DC. = Vernonia patens Kunth

Reference: FP 1416: 35. 


$


 Vernonia mollis Kunth


Vernonia mollis Kunth = Vernonia canescens Kunth

Reference: FP 1416: 44; Robinson, H., 1990: 483. 


$


 Vernonia monsonensis Hieron.


Vernonia monsonensis Hieron. = Vernonia patens Kunth

Reference: FP 1416: 35. 


$


 Vernonia moritziana Sch. Bip.


Vernonia moritziana Sch. Bip. = Vernonia gracilis Kunth

Reference: FP 1416: 31; Robinson, H., 1990: 488. 


$


 Vernonia myriocephala DC.



Vernonia myriocephala DC.

Synonyms: Vernonia myriocephala (DC.) H. Rob., Vernonia myriocephala (DC.) Kuntze
Reference: Flora Peru: 1416: 43; Keeley, S. C., 1982: 80; Robinson, H., 1990: 490. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, shrublands. 0-1500 m. 
Note: For alternative treatment, see Robinson (1990: 490). 
Voucher: Hanke s.n.* (G-DC), Ferreyra 2168 (US!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vernonia obovata Less.


Vernonia obovata Less. = Vernonia herbacea (Vell.) Rusby

Reference: FP 1416: 46. 


$


 Vernonia opaca Benth.


Vernonia opaca Benth. = Piptocarpha opaca (Benth.) Baker

Reference: FP 1416: 51. 


$



$


 Vernonia pacchensis Benth.


Vernonia pacchensis Benth. = Vernonia patens Kunth

Reference: FP 1416: 35. 


$


 Vernonia pacchensis var. tambillensis Hieron.


Vernonia pacchensis var. tambillensis Hieron. = Vernonia patens Kunth

Reference: FP 1416: 35. 


$


 Vernonia patens Kunth



Vernonia patens Kunth

Synonyms: Vernonia patens (DC.) Kuntze, Vernonia patens (DC.) Kuntze, Vernonia patens (H.B.K.) Kuntze, Vernonia patens (H.B.K.) Kuntze, Vernonia patens (H.B.K.) Kuntze, Vernonia patens (Schauer) Kuntze, Vernonia patens A. DC., Vernonia patens Benth., Vernonia patens DC., Vernonia patens DC., Vernonia patens Gleason, Vernonia patens Hieron., Vernonia patens Hieron., Vernonia patens Hieron., Vernonia patens Kunth, Vernonia patens Kunth, Vernonia patens Kunth, Vernonia patens Rusby, Vernonia patens Schauer
Reference: Flora Peru: 1416: 35. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Humboldt & Bonpland s.n.* (P), Woytkowski 34350 (MO)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Loreto.


$


 Vernonia patuliflora Rusby


Vernonia patuliflora Rusby = Vernonia canescens Kunth

Reference: FP 1416: 44; Robinson, H., 1990: 483. 


$


 Vernonia paucartambensis Dillon



Vernonia paucartambensis Dillon

$


 Vernonia paucifolia Rusby


Vernonia paucifolia Rusby = Vernonia herbacea (Vell.) Rusby

Reference: FP 1416: 46. 


$


 Vernonia peruviana Cuatrec.



Vernonia peruviana Cuatrec.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1416: 30. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: rocky slopes. 1500-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Macbride 5150* (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Vernonia phylicaeformis Walpers



Vernonia phylicaeformis Walpers

$


 Vernonia poeppigiana DC.


Vernonia poeppigiana DC. = Vernonia salzmannii DC.

Reference: FP 1416: 46; Robinson, H., 1990: 492. 
Note: Epithet used twice by same author in the same work, see Pitptocarpha poeppigiana.  


$


 Vernonia poeppigiana DC.


Vernonia poeppigiana DC. = Piptocarpha poeppigiana (DC.) Baker

Reference: FP 1416: 46; Robinson, H., 1990: 492. 


$


 Vernonia pseudomollis Gleason


Vernonia pseudomollis Gleason = Vernonia canescens Kunth

Reference: FP 1416: 45; Robinson, H., 1990: 485. 


$


 Vernonia pycnantha Benth.



Vernonia pycnantha Benth.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1416: 28. 
Ecology: Native shrub, treelet. Andean II: forests. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Mexia 8229 (MO)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vernonia ramospatana MacLeish



Vernonia ramospatana MacLeish

Synonyms: Vernonia ramospatana Hieron.
Reference: MacLeish, N. F. F., 1984: 135. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 1324* (NY)
Departments: Puno.


$


 Vernonia retrosetosa H. Rob.



Vernonia retrosetosa H. Rob.

Synonyms: Vernonia retrosetosa (H. Rob.) H. Rob.
Reference: 0028102, : 159. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: forests. 2000-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   For alternative treatment, see Robinson (1990: 491). 
Voucher: Vargas 11844* (US)
Departments: Puno.


$


 Vernonia rimachii H. Rob.



Vernonia rimachii H. Rob.

Synonyms: Vernonia rimachii (H. Rob.) H. Rob.
Reference: Robinson, H., 1981: 267; Robinson, H., 1990: 491. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: For alternative treatment, see Robinson (1990: 491). 
Voucher: Rimachi 3856* (US)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vernonia rusbyi Gleason


Vernonia rusbyi Gleason = Vernonia canescens Kunth

Reference: FP 1416: 45; Robinson, H., 1990: 485. 


$


 Vernonia saepia Ekman


Vernonia saepia Ekman = Vernonia scorpioides (Lam.) Pers.

Reference: FP 1416: 39. 


$


 Vernonia sagasteguii Dillon



Vernonia sagasteguii Dillon

$


 Vernonia salamana Gleason


Vernonia salamana Gleason = Vernonia patens Kunth

Reference: FP 1416: 36. 


$


 Vernonia salzmannii DC.



Vernonia salzmannii DC.

Synonyms: Vernonia salzmannii (Buek) Kuntze, Vernonia salzmannii (DC.) H. Rob., Vernonia salzmannii (DC.) Kuntze, Vernonia salzmannii Buek, Vernonia salzmannii DC., Vernonia salzmannii Poepp.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1416: 46; Robinson, H., 1990: 492. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1500 m. 
Note: For alternative treatment, see Robinson (1990: 491). 
Voucher: Seibert 2125 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vernonia sambrayana S. B. Jones



Vernonia sambrayana S. B. Jones

Reference: Flora Peru: 1416: 34. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Mexia 8055a* (UC)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Vernonia sandemanii H. Robinson & Kahn


Vernonia sandemanii H. Robinson & Kahn = Cuatrecasanthus sandemanii (H. Robinson & Kahn) H. Rob.

Reference: Robinson, H. & B. Kahn, 1985: 253. 


$


 Vernonia scorpioides (Lam.) Pers.



Vernonia scorpioides (Lam.) Pers.

Synonyms: Vernonia scorpioides (H.B.K.) Kuntze, Vernonia scorpioides (Lam.) Cass., Vernonia scorpioides (Lam.) Kuntze, Vernonia scorpioides C. Mart. ex DC., Vernonia scorpioides DC., Vernonia scorpioides DC., Vernonia scorpioides DC., Vernonia scorpioides DC., Vernonia scorpioides DC., Vernonia scorpioides Ekman, Vernonia scorpioides Gardner, Vernonia scorpioides Kunth, Vernonia scorpioides Lam., Vernonia scorpioides Less., Vernonia scorpioides Pers., Vernonia scorpioides Willd. ex Less.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1416: 38. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I-II, Coastal: disturbed areas. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 6829 (MO)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, La Libertad, Loreto, Pasco, Piura, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n, Tumbes.


$


 Vernonia scorpioides var. centriflora DC.


Vernonia scorpioides var. centriflora DC. = Vernonia scorpioides (Lam.) Pers.

Reference: FP 1416: 39. 


$


 Vernonia scorpioides var. longeracemosa DC.


Vernonia scorpioides var. longeracemosa DC. = Vernonia scorpioides (Lam.) Pers.

Reference: FP 1416: 39. 


$


 Vernonia scorpioides var. longifolia DC.


Vernonia scorpioides var. longifolia DC. = Vernonia scorpioides (Lam.) Pers.

Reference: FP 1416: 39. 


$


 Vernonia scorpioides var. subrepanda DC.


Vernonia scorpioides var. subrepanda DC. = Vernonia scorpioides (Lam.) Pers.

Reference: FP 1416: 39. 


$


 Vernonia scorpioides var. subtomentosa DC.


Vernonia scorpioides var. subtomentosa DC. = Vernonia scorpioides (Lam.) Pers.

Reference: FP 1416: 39. 


$


 Vernonia shanynensis MacLeish


Vernonia shanynensis MacLeish = Cuatrecasanthus jelskii (Hieron.) H. Rob.

Reference: MacLeish, N. F. F., 1984: 135. 


$


 Vernonia sordidopapposa Hieron.



Vernonia sordidopapposa Hieron.

Synonyms: Vernonia sordidopapposa (Hieron.) H. Rob., Vernonia sordidopapposa (Hieron.) Kuntze
Reference: Flora Peru: 1416: 32; Robinson, H., 1990: 493. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: grasslands. 2000-3500 m. 
Note: For alternative treatment, see Robinson (1990: 493). 
Voucher: Weberbauer 759* (B), Wurdack 1371 (NY)
Departments: Amazonas, Puno.


$


 Vernonia stuebelii Hieron.



Vernonia stuebelii Hieron.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1416: 34. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   Robinson (pers. comm.) believes this is a synonym of V. patens. 
Voucher: Stubel 58b* (B)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vernonia suaveolens Kunth


Vernonia suaveolens Kunth = Vernonia patens Kunth

Reference: FP 1416: 35. 


$


 Vernonia subrepanda Pers.


Vernonia subrepanda Pers. = Vernonia scorpioides (Lam.) Pers.

Reference: FP 1416: 38. 


$


 Vernonia tereticaulis DC.


Vernonia tereticaulis DC. = Piptocarpha poeppigiana (DC.) Baker

Reference: FP 1416: 48. 


$


 Vernonia tournefortioides Kunth


Vernonia tournefortioides Kunth = Vernonia scorpioides (Lam.) Pers.

Reference: FP 1416: 39. 


$


 Vernonia trichoclada Gleason


Vernonia trichoclada Gleason = Vernonia mapirensis Gleason

Reference: FP 1416: 33. 


$


 Vernonia trixioides Rusby


Vernonia trixioides Rusby = Vernonia fulta Griseb.

Reference: FP 1416: 36. 


$


 Vernonia vargasii Cuatrec.


Vernonia vargasii Cuatrec. = Vernonia yurimaguasensis Hieron.

Reference: FP 1416: 43. 


$


 Vernonia volubilis Hieron.


Vernonia volubilis Hieron. = Vernonia canescens Kunth

Reference: FP 1416: 44; Keeley, S. C., 1982: 80; Robinson, H., 1990: 483. 


$


 Vernonia weberbaueri Hieron.


Vernonia weberbaueri Hieron. = Vernonia patens Kunth

Reference: FP 1416: 35. 


$


 Vernonia woytkowskii S. B. Jones



Vernonia woytkowskii S. B. Jones

Reference: Flora Peru: 1416: 29. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Woytkowski 6770* (MO)
Departments: Lambayeque.


$


 Vernonia yurimaguasensis Hieron.



Vernonia yurimaguasensis Hieron.

Synonyms: Vernonia yurimaguasensis Cuatrec., Vernonia yurimaguasensis Gleason
Reference: Flora Peru: 1416: 43. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ule 6270* (B), Sag&aacute;stegui et al. 4248 (GA)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Loreto.


$


 Veronica anagallis var. latifolia Britt.


Veronica anagallis var. latifolia Britt. = Veronica anagallis-aquatica L.

Reference: FP 1361: 713. 


$


 Veronica anagallis-aquatica L.



Veronica anagallis-aquatica L.

Synonyms: Veronica anagallis-aquatica Britt., Veronica anagallis-aquatica Pennell, Veronica anagallis-aquatica Porter ex Pennell
Reference: Flora Peru: 1361: 713. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: disturbed areas. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Dillon et al. 3090 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Arequipa, Cajamarca, Lima.


$


 Veronica anagallis-aquatica var. brittonii Pennell


Veronica anagallis-aquatica var. brittonii Pennell = Veronica anagallis-aquatica L.

Reference: FP 1361: 713. 


$


 Veronica arvensis L.



Veronica arvensis L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1361: 713. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean III: grasslands. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Peyton & Peyton 1139 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Veronica brittonii Porter ex Pennell


Veronica brittonii Porter ex Pennell = Veronica anagallis-aquatica L.

Reference: FP 1361: 713. 


$


 Veronica buxbaumii Ten.


Veronica buxbaumii Ten. = Veronica persica Poir.

Reference: FP 1361: 716. 


$


 Veronica byzantina (Sibth. & Smith) BSP.


Veronica byzantina (Sibth. & Smith) BSP. = Veronica persica Poir.

Reference: FP 1361: 716. 


$


 Veronica diffusa Raf.


Veronica diffusa Raf. = Veronica persica Poir.

Reference: FP 1361: 716. 


$


 Veronica funesta Machr. & Pays.


Veronica funesta Machr. & Pays. = Veronica serpyllifolia L.

Reference: FP 1361: 714; Holmgren, N. H. & U. Molau, 1984: 144. 


$


 Veronica humifusa Dickson



Veronica humifusa Dickson

Reference: Flora Peru: 1361: 714; Holmgren, N. H. & U. Molau, 1984: 144. 


$


 Veronica peregrina L.



Veronica peregrina L.

Synonyms: Veronica peregrina (Kunth) Pennell, Veronica peregrina Kunth, Veronica peregrina M. Peck
Reference: Flora Peru: 1361: 715; Holmgren, N. H. & U. Molau, 1984: 145. 
Ecology. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui et al. 9024 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Lambayeque.


$


 Veronica peregrina subsp. xalapensis (Kunth) Pennell


Veronica peregrina subsp. xalapensis (Kunth) Pennell = Veronica peregrina L.

Reference: FP 1361: 715; Holmgren, N. H. & U. Molau, 1984: 145. 


$


 Veronica persica Poir.



Veronica persica Poir.

Synonyms: Veronica persica (Sibth. & Smith) BSP., Veronica persica Gmel., Veronica persica Raf., Veronica persica Raf., Veronica persica Ten.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1361: 716. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-III, Coastal: disturbed areas, lomas. 0-4000 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 3959 (MOL!)
Departments: Ancash, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima.


$


 Veronica polita Fries



Veronica polita Fries

$


 Veronica precox Raf.


Veronica precox Raf. = Veronica persica Poir.

Reference: FP 1361: 716. 


$


 Veronica rotundifolia Ruiz & Pav.


Veronica rotundifolia Ruiz & Pav. = Sibthorpia rotundifolia fo. rotundifolia 

Reference: FP 1361: 705. 


$


 Veronica serpyllifolia L.



Veronica serpyllifolia L.

Synonyms: Veronica serpyllifolia (Dickson) Vahl, Veronica serpyllifolia Cock., Veronica serpyllifolia Dickson, Veronica serpyllifolia Machr. & Pays.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1361: 717; Holmgren, N. H. & U. Molau, 1984: 144. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: shrublands. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Smith et al. 2167 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Veronica serpyllifolia subsp. humifusa (Dickson) Vahl


Veronica serpyllifolia subsp. humifusa (Dickson) Vahl = Veronica serpyllifolia L.

Reference: FP 1361: 714; Holmgren, N. H. & U. Molau, 1984: 144. 


$


 Veronica serpyllifolia subsp. neomexicana Cock.


Veronica serpyllifolia subsp. neomexicana Cock. = Veronica serpyllifolia L.

Reference: FP 1361: 714; Holmgren, N. H. & U. Molau, 1984: 144. 


$


 Veronica sherwoodii M. Peck


Veronica sherwoodii M. Peck = Veronica peregrina L.

Reference: FP 1361: 715; Holmgren, N. H. & U. Molau, 1984: 145. 


$


 Veronica tournefortii Gmel.


Veronica tournefortii Gmel. = Veronica persica Poir.

Reference: FP 1361: 716. 


$


 Veronica xalapensis Kunth


Veronica xalapensis Kunth = Veronica peregrina L.

Reference: FP 1361: 715; Holmgren, N. H. & U. Molau, 1984: 145. 


$


 Verticillaria acuminata Ruiz & Pav.


Verticillaria acuminata Ruiz & Pav. = Garcinia madruno (Kunth) Hammel

Reference: Hammel, B., 1989: 928. 


$


 Vexillaria brasiliana (L.) Hoffmannsegg


Vexillaria brasiliana (L.) Hoffmannsegg = Centrosema brasilianum (L.) Benth. var. brasilianum 

Reference: Barbosa-Fevereiro, V. P., 1977: 176. 


$


 Vexillifera micranthera Ducke


Vexillifera micranthera Ducke = Dussia discolor (Benth.) Amshoff

Reference: FP 21: 244; Rudd, V. E., 1963: 272. 
Note: NN  


$


 Viburnum ayavacense Kunth



Viburnum ayavacense Kunth

Synonyms: Viburnum ayavacense (Kunth) Oerst.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1377: 283. 
Ecology. 4000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Humboldt & Bonpland s.n.* (B), N&uacute;&ntilde;ez & Argue 8368 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Viburnum bolivianum Gandoger


Viburnum bolivianum Gandoger = Viburnum seemenii fo. bolivianum (Gandoger) Killip & Smith

Reference: FP 1377: 285. 


$


 Viburnum fur Graebn.


Viburnum fur Graebn. = Viburnum mathewsii (Oerst.) Killip & Smith

Reference: FP 1377: 284. 


$


 Viburnum incarum Graebn.



Viburnum incarum Graebn.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1377: 284. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean I-II: disturbed areas, elfin forests, forests, rocky slopes. 1000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 1986* (MOL!), Ferreyra 9443 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lambayeque, Piura.


$


 Viburnum jelskii Zahlbr.



Viburnum jelskii Zahlbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1377: 284. 
Ecology. 500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Jelski 35* (W photo F!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Viburnum macrophyllum Thunb.


Viburnum macrophyllum Thunb. = Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. in DC.

Reference: McClintock, E., 1957: 222. 


$


 Viburnum mathewsii (Oerst.) Killip & Smith



Viburnum mathewsii (Oerst.) Killip & Smith

Synonyms: Viburnum mathewsii Graebn., Viburnum mathewsii Oerst.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1377: 284. 
Ecology. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Mathews 1605* (K)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Viburnum meiothyrsum Diels



Viburnum meiothyrsum Diels

Reference: Diels, L., 1942: 785. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: shrublands. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 6682* (B)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Viburnum obovatum Ruiz & Pav.


Viburnum obovatum Ruiz & Pav. = Viburnum tridentatum Killip & Smith

Reference: FP 1377: 285. 


$


 Viburnum peruvianum Poepp.



Viburnum peruvianum Poepp.

$


 Viburnum reticulatum Ruiz & Pav.



Viburnum reticulatum Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Viburnum reticulatum Graebn., Viburnum reticulatum Oerst.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1377: 285. 
Ecology: Native liana, shrub, tree. Andean I-II: cloud forests. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA photo F!), Knapp et al. 7501 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Viburnum seemenii fo.bolivianum (Gandoger) Killip & Smith



Viburnum seemenii fo. bolivianum (Gandoger) Killip & Smith

Synonyms: Viburnum seemenii bolivianum Gandoger
Reference: Flora Peru: 1377: 285. 
Voucher: Cook & Gilbert 1388 
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Viburnum seemenii Graebn.



Viburnum seemenii Graebn.

$


 Viburnum tridentatum Killip & Smith



Viburnum tridentatum Killip & Smith

Synonyms: Viburnum tridentatum Oerst., Viburnum tridentatum Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1377: 285. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, tree. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (B)
Departments: Arequipa.


$


 Viburnum triphyllum Benth.



Viburnum triphyllum Benth.

Synonyms: Viburnum triphyllum Oerst., Viburnum triphyllum Oerst.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1377: 286. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean II: ., grasslands, rocky slopes. 1500-3500 m. 
Note: Material not determined to forma. 
Voucher: L&oacute;pez 9115 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco, Piura.


$


 Viburnum triphyllum fo.lanceolatum Killip & Smith



Viburnum triphyllum fo. lanceolatum Killip & Smith

Reference: Flora Peru: 1377: 286. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. . 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (B)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Viburnum triphyllum fo.microphyllum Killip & Smith



Viburnum triphyllum fo. microphyllum Killip & Smith

Reference: Flora Peru: 1377: 286. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean II: shrublands. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Mathews 2114* (K), Mathews 3099 (K)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Viburnum weberbaueri Graebn.


Viburnum weberbaueri Graebn. = Viburnum reticulatum Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1377: 285. 


$


 Viburnum witteanum Graebn.



Viburnum witteanum Graebn.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1377: 286. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: forests. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 4960* (B), Peyton & Peyton 1147b (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cuzco.


$


 Viburnum wurdackii Dudley



Viburnum wurdackii Dudley

Reference: Dudley, T. R., 1969: 555. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, tree. Andean II: forests. 1500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Wurdack 1648* (US), Woytkowski 8124 
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Vicia acerosa Clos


Vicia acerosa Clos = Vicia setifolia Kunth

Reference: FP 21: 356; Allkin, R., D. J. Goyder, F. A. Bisby & R. J. White, 1986: 45. 
Note: NN  


$


 Vicia andicola Kunth



Vicia andicola Kunth

Synonyms: Vicia andicola (A. Gray) J.F. Macbr., Vicia andicola A. Gray, Vicia andicola J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 355; Allkin, R., T. D. Macfarlane, R. J. White, F. A. Bisby & M. E. Adey., 1983: 27; Allkin, R., D. J. Goyder, F. A. Bisby & R. J. White, 1986: 47. 
Ecology: Native herb, vine. Andean II-III: riversides, shrublands. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui et al. 6466 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Ancash, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, La Libertad, Pasco.


$


 Vicia andicola var. galbina J.F. Macbr.


Vicia andicola var. galbina J.F. Macbr. = Vicia andicola Kunth

Reference: FP 21: 355. 


$


 Vicia andicola var. mathewsii (A. Gray) J.F. Macbr.


Vicia andicola var. mathewsii (A. Gray) J.F. Macbr. = Vicia andicola Kunth

Reference: FP 21: 355. 


$


 Vicia bidentata Hook.


Vicia bidentata Hook. = Vicia graminea Smith

Reference: FP 21: 356. 


$


 Vicia faba L.



Vicia faba L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 356; Duke, J. A., 1981: 275; Gunn, C. R., 1979: 32. 
Ecology. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Metcalf 30272 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Huancavelica, La Libertad.


$


 Vicia fruticosa (Cav.) Willd.


Vicia fruticosa (Cav.) Willd. = Coursetia fruticosa (Cav.) J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Lavin, M., 1988: 84. 


$


 Vicia graminea Smith



Vicia graminea Smith

Synonyms: Vicia graminea (J.F. Macbr.) J.F. Macbr., Vicia graminea (Philippi) J.F. Macbr., Vicia graminea Hook., Vicia graminea J.F. Macbr., Vicia graminea Philippi
Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 356; Allkin, R., D. J. Goyder, F. A. Bisby & R. J. White, 1986: 55; Franquemont, C., T. Plowman, E. Franquemont, S. R. King, C. Niezgoda, W. Davis & C. R. Sperling, 1990: 83. 
Ecology: Cultivated vine. Andean I-III, Coastal: disturbed areas. 0-4000 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 6627 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, Huancavelica, Lima, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Vicia graminea var. grata (Philippi) J.F. Macbr.


Vicia graminea var. grata (Philippi) J.F. Macbr. = Vicia graminea Smith

Reference: FP 21: 357. 


$


 Vicia graminea var. lessonii (J.F. Macbr.) J.F. Macbr.


Vicia graminea var. lessonii (J.F. Macbr.) J.F. Macbr. = Vicia graminea Smith

Reference: FP 21: 357. 


$


 Vicia graminea var. setifolia (Kunth) Kuntze


Vicia graminea var. setifolia (Kunth) Kuntze = Vicia setifolia Kunth

Reference: Burkart, A., 1966: 175; Allkin, R., D. J. Goyder, F. A. Bisby & R. J. White, 1986: 55. 
Note: NN  


$


 Vicia grata Philippi


Vicia grata Philippi = Vicia graminea Smith

Reference: FP 21: 356. 


$


 Vicia lomensis J.F. Macbr.



Vicia lomensis J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 357; Allkin, R., T. D. Macfarlane, R. J. White, F. A. Bisby & M. E. Adey., 1983: 27. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II, Coastal: cloud forests, disturbed areas, lomas, rocky slopes. 0-3000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 5943* (F), Vargas 4964 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Lima.


$


 Vicia mathewsii A. Gray


Vicia mathewsii A. Gray = Vicia andicola Kunth

Reference: FP 21: 355. 


$


 Vicia mathewsii var. lessonii J.F. Macbr.


Vicia mathewsii var. lessonii J.F. Macbr. = Vicia graminea Smith

$


 Vicia peruviana Vilchez



Vicia peruviana Vilchez

Reference: Vilchez, O., 1972: 501; Allkin, R., T. D. Macfarlane, R. J. White, F. A. Bisby & M. E. Adey., 1983: 27. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean III: grasslands. 4000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Velarde 6595* (USM!), Ferreyra 10974 (USM!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Vicia setifolia Kunth



Vicia setifolia Kunth

Synonyms: Vicia setifolia (Kunth) Kuntze, Vicia setifolia Clos
Reference: Burkart, A., 1966: 175; Allkin, R., D. J. Goyder, F. A. Bisby & R. J. White, 1986: 47. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Victoria amazonica (Poepp.) Sowerby



Victoria amazonica (Poepp.) Sowerby

Synonyms: Victoria amazonica Lindl., Victoria amazonica Poepp.
Reference: Prance, G. T., 1974: 6; Prance, G. T. & J. R. Arias, 1975: 109. 
Ecology: Native aquatic herb. Amazonian: floating, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez et al. 3684 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Victoria regia Lindl.


Victoria regia Lindl. = Victoria amazonica (Poepp.) Sowerby

Reference: Prance, G. T., 1974: 6; Prance, G. T. & J. R. Arias, 1975: 109. 


$


 Vigna adenantha (G. Mey.) Marechal, Mascherpa & Stainier



Vigna adenantha (G. Mey.) Marechal, Mascherpa & Stainier

Synonyms: Vigna adenantha (C. Martius ex Benth.) Hassl., Vigna adenantha C. Martius ex Benth., Vigna adenantha G. Mey., Vigna adenantha Kunth
Reference: Marechal, R., J.-M. Mascherpa & F. Stainier, 1978: 229. 
Ecology: Native vine. Andean I-II: disturbed areas. 500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 7417 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cuzco, La Libertad, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Vigna appendiculata (Benth.) A. Delgado



Vigna appendiculata (Benth.) A. Delgado

Synonyms: Vigna appendiculata Benth.
Reference: Delgado, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native vine. Andean II: disturbed areas, shrublands. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: New combination made in Appendix 1.  
Voucher: Wurdack 621 (NY)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Vigna brachystachys Benth.


Vigna brachystachys Benth. = Vigna luteola (Jacq.) Benth.

Reference: FP 21: 292; Marechal, R., J.-M. Mascherpa & F. Stainier, 1978: 165. 


$


 Vigna candida (Vell.) Marechal, Mascherpa & Stainier



Vigna candida (Vell.) Marechal, Mascherpa & Stainier

Synonyms: Vigna candida (Rusby) Marechal, Mascherpa & Stainier, Vigna candida Rusby, Vigna candida Vell.
Reference: Marechal, R., J.-M. Mascherpa & F. Stainier, 1978: 222; Delgado, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native herb, vine. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 9228 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto.


$


 Vigna caracalla (L.) Verdc.



Vigna caracalla (L.) Verdc.

Synonyms: Vigna caracalla L.
Reference: Marechal, R., J.-M. Mascherpa & F. Stainier, 1978: 226. 
Ecology: Native vine. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, rocky slopes. 0-2000 m. 
Note: This taxon was treated in a rather broad sense by Marechal et al. (1978) -- Delgado, pers. comm. 
Voucher: Carroll 136 (NY)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vigna hosei (Craib) Backer



Vigna hosei (Craib) Backer

Synonyms: Vigna hosei Craib
Reference: Marechal, R., J.-M. Mascherpa & F. Stainier, 1978: 172. 
Ecology: Cultivated vine. Andean I: disturbed areas. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Seibert 2268 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Vigna juruana (Harms) Verdc.



Vigna juruana (Harms) Verdc.

Synonyms: Vigna juruana Harms
Reference: Marechal, R., J.-M. Mascherpa & F. Stainier, 1978: 219. 
Ecology: Native vine. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Revilla 1767 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Vigna lasiocarpa (C. Mart. ex Benth.) Verdc.



Vigna lasiocarpa (C. Mart. ex Benth.) Verdc.

Synonyms: Vigna lasiocarpa C. Mart. ex Benth., Vigna lasiocarpa C. Martius ex Benth., Vigna lasiocarpa Kunth
Reference: Marechal, R., J.-M. Mascherpa & F. Stainier, 1978: 218; Delgado, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native vine. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: King 1022 (NY)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Vigna latidenticulata (Harms) A. Delgado



Vigna latidenticulata (Harms) A. Delgado

Synonyms: Vigna latidenticulata (Piper) Marechal, Mascherpa & Stainier, Vigna latidenticulata Harms, Vigna latidenticulata Piper
Reference: Delgado, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Endemic vine. Coastal: disturbed areas, shrublands. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality. New combination made in Appendix 1.  
Voucher: Weberbauer 6427* (B)
Departments: Piura.


$


 Vigna linearis (Kunth) Marechal, Mascherpa & Stainier



Vigna linearis (Kunth) Marechal, Mascherpa & Stainier

Synonyms: Vigna linearis Kunth
Reference: Marechal, R., J.-M. Mascherpa & F. Stainier, 1978: 227. 
Ecology: Native vine. Andean I-II, Coastal: cloud forests, disturbed areas, lomas. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 7569 (MO!, USM!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Lambayeque, Lima, La Libertad, Pasco, Piura, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vigna longifolia (Benth.) Verdc.



Vigna longifolia (Benth.) Verdc.

Synonyms: Vigna longifolia Benth.
Reference: Marechal, R., J.-M. Mascherpa & F. Stainier, 1978: 219. 
Ecology: Native vine. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ram&iacute;rez 35 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vigna luteola (Jacq.) Benth.



Vigna luteola (Jacq.) Benth.

Synonyms: Vigna luteola (Jacq.) Gagnep., Vigna luteola (L.) Kuntze, Vigna luteola Benth., Vigna luteola Jacq., Vigna luteola L.
Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 292; Marechal, R., J.-M. Mascherpa & F. Stainier, 1978: 165. 
Ecology: Native herb, vine. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests, lomas, riversides. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Barbour 5173 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Ica, Lima, La Libertad, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vigna megatyla (Piper) A. Delgado



Vigna megatyla (Piper) A. Delgado

Synonyms: Vigna megatyla Piper
Reference: Delgado, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native vine. Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Note: New combination made in Appendix 1.  
Voucher: Cook & Gilbert 1634* (US), Weberbauer 7934 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Vigna peduncularis (Kunth) Fawc. & Rendle var.peduncularis



Vigna peduncularis (Kunth) Fawc. & Rendle var. peduncularis 

Synonyms: Vigna peduncularis peduncularis Kunth
Reference: Marechal, R., J.-M. Mascherpa & F. Stainier, 1978: 224. 
Ecology: Native vine. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, rocky slopes. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Knapp & Alcorn 7310 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Lima, La Libertad, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vigna peduncularis (Kunth) Fawc. & Rendle



Vigna peduncularis (Kunth) Fawc. & Rendle

$


 Vigna peduncularis var.pusilla (Hassl.) Mar&eacute;chal, Mascherpa & Stainier



Vigna peduncularis var. pusilla (Hassl.) Mar&eacute;chal, Mascherpa & Stainier

Synonyms: Vigna peduncularis var. pusilla Hassl.
Reference: Marechal, R., J.-M. Mascherpa & F. Stainier, 1978: 224. 
Ecology: Introduced herb. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Revilla 1947 (USM!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vigna polytyla (Harms) A. Delgado



Vigna polytyla (Harms) A. Delgado

Synonyms: Vigna polytyla Harms
Reference: Delgado, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native vine. Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 500-1500 m. 
Note: New combination made in Appendix 1.  
Voucher: Vargas 11737 (US)
Departments: Cuzco, Madre de Dios.


$


 Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek



Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek

Synonyms: Vigna radiata (L.) Ohwi, Vigna radiata L.
Reference: Marechal, R., J.-M. Mascherpa & F. Stainier, 1978: 209; Duke, J. A., 1981: 293. 
Ecology: Cultivated vine. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 16921 (USM!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Vigna repens (L.) Kuntze


Vigna repens (L.) Kuntze = Vigna luteola (Jacq.) Benth.

Reference: FP 21: 292; Marechal, R., J.-M. Mascherpa & F. Stainier, 1978: 165. 
Note: hom. illeg.  Not V. repens Baker (1876).  


$


 Vigna sinensis (L.) Endlicher ex Hasskarl


Vigna sinensis (L.) Endlicher ex Hasskarl = Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpers

Reference: FP 21: 293; Marechal, R., J.-M. Mascherpa & F. Stainier, 1978: 192. 


$


 Vigna speciosa (Kunth) Verdc.



Vigna speciosa (Kunth) Verdc.

Synonyms: Vigna speciosa Kunth
Reference: Verdcourt, B., 1970: 552; Marechal, R., J.-M. Mascherpa & F. Stainier, 1978: 221; Delgado, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Cultivated vine. Andean II: disturbed areas. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: West 3677 (UC)
Departments: Amazonas, Apur&iacute;mac, Piura.


$


 Vigna trichocarpa (C. Wright) A. Delgado



Vigna trichocarpa (C. Wright) A. Delgado

Synonyms: Vigna trichocarpa C. Wright
Reference: Delgado, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Introduced vine. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas. 0-1500 m. 
Note: New combination made in Appendix 1.  
Voucher: Smith et al. 778 (US!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Vigna trilobata (L.) Verdc.



Vigna trilobata (L.) Verdc.

Synonyms: Vigna trilobata (L.) Schreber, Vigna trilobata L.
Reference: Verdcourt, B., 1970: 560; Delgado, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Cultivated vine. . 
Voucher: Dombey s.n. (P)


$


 Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpers



Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpers

Synonyms: Vigna unguiculata (L.) Endlicher ex Hasskarl, Vigna unguiculata L., Vigna unguiculata L.
Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 293; Marechal, R., J.-M. Mascherpa & F. Stainier, 1978: 191. 
Ecology: Cultivated vine. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Carillo 269 (USM!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vigna venusta (Piper) Marechal, Mascherpa & Stainier


Vigna venusta (Piper) Marechal, Mascherpa & Stainier = Vigna latidenticulata (Harms) A. Delgado

Reference: Delgado, pers. comm.. 


$


 Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich.



Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich.

Synonyms: Vigna vexillata L.
Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 293; Marechal, R., J.-M. Mascherpa & F. Stainier, 1978: 202; Duke, J. A., 1981: 306. 
Ecology: Native herb, liana. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Revilla 17 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vigna vignoides (Rusby) Marechal, Mascherpa & Stainier


Vigna vignoides (Rusby) Marechal, Mascherpa & Stainier = Vigna candida (Vell.) Marechal, Mascherpa & Stainier

Reference: Marechal, R., J.-M. Mascherpa & F. Stainier, 1978: 228; Delgado, pers. comm.. 
Note: Treated as a valid species by Marechal et al. (1978).  


$


 Viguiera acutifolia S.F. Blake


Viguiera acutifolia S.F. Blake = Pappobolus acutifolia (S.F. Blake) Panero

Reference: Panero, J. L., 1992: 72. 


$


 Viguiera australis S.F. Blake



Viguiera australis S.F. Blake

Reference: Blake, S. F., 1918: 148. 
Ecology. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Sandeman 3751 (F!)
Departments: Arequipa.


$


 Viguiera brittonii Hochr.



Viguiera brittonii Hochr.

Reference: Hochreutiner, B. P. G., 1910: 294. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Mathews 12[in 1862*] (NY), Llatas 1201 (F!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Viguiera ellenbergii Cuatrec.



Viguiera ellenbergii Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1964: 146. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ellenberg 719* (US!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Viguiera hieronymi Muschl.



Viguiera hieronymi Muschl.

$


 Viguiera incana (Pers.) S.F. Blake



Viguiera incana (Pers.) S.F. Blake

Synonyms: Viguiera incana Pers.
Reference: Panero, J. L., 1992: 179. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui 11499 (F!)
Departments: La Libertad.


$


 Viguiera lanceolata Britt.



Viguiera lanceolata Britt.

$


 Viguiera lepidostephana Cuatrec.



Viguiera lepidostephana Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1964: 147. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Coastal: desert. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ellenberg 1423* (U)
Departments: Tumbes.


$


 Viguiera macbridei S.F. Blake



Viguiera macbridei S.F. Blake

Reference: Blake, S. F., 1926: 218. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 4078* (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Viguiera microphylla (Kunth) Benth. ex Hieron., comb. illeg.


Viguiera microphylla (Kunth) Benth. ex Hieron., comb. illeg. = Pappobolus microphyllus var. microphyllus 

Reference: Panero, J. L., 1992: 141. 


$


 Viguiera pazensis Rusby



Viguiera pazensis Rusby

$


 Viguiera peruviana A. Gray



Viguiera peruviana A. Gray

Synonyms: Viguiera peruviana Meyen


$


 Viguiera pflanzii J. Perkins


Viguiera pflanzii J. Perkins = Viguiera procumbens (Pers.) S.F. Blake

Reference: Blake, S. F., 1930: 253. 


$


 Viguiera procumbens (Pers.) S.F. Blake



Viguiera procumbens (Pers.) S.F. Blake

Synonyms: Viguiera procumbens J. Perkins, Viguiera procumbens Pers., Viguiera procumbens S.F. Blake
Reference: Blake, S. F., 1930: 253. 
Ecology. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Dillon & Dillon 3660 (F!)
Departments: Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Hu&aacute;nuco, Moquegua, Lima, Puno.


$


 Viguiera punensis S.F. Blake


Viguiera punensis S.F. Blake = Viguiera procumbens (Pers.) S.F. Blake

Reference: Blake, S. F., 1917: 48. 


$


 Viguiera pusilla (A. Gray) S.F. Blake



Viguiera pusilla (A. Gray) S.F. Blake

$


 Viguiera pusilla var.astephana S.F. Blake



Viguiera pusilla var. astephana S.F. Blake

Reference: Blake, S. F., 1926: 218. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Wilkes Exped. s.n.* (US!), Macbride 3750* (US!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Viguiera pusilla var.pusilla



Viguiera pusilla var. pusilla 

Synonyms: Viguiera pusilla pusilla A. Gray
Reference: Blake, S. F., 1918: 160. 
Ecology. 1500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Wilkes Exped. s.n.* (US), Pennell 14484 (F!)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Viguiera rudbeckioides (Kunth) H. Rob.



Viguiera rudbeckioides (Kunth) H. Rob.

Synonyms: Viguiera rudbeckioides (Kunth) S.F. Blake, Viguiera rudbeckioides Kunth
Reference: Robinson, H., 1977: 209. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Humboldt & Bonpland s.n.* (P-H&B), Llatas 1219 (F!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Viguiera simsioides S.F. Blake



Viguiera simsioides S.F. Blake

Reference: Blake, S. F., 1917: 48. 
Ecology. 1500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 5355* (US!)
Departments: Lima, La Libertad.


$


 Viguiera szyszylowiczii Hieron.



Viguiera szyszylowiczii Hieron.

Reference: Hieronymus, G., 1905: 489. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Jelski 797* (B photo F), Sag&aacute;stegui 14150 (F!)
Departments: Cajamarca, La Libertad.


$


 Viguiera truxillensis (Kunth) S.F. Blake



Viguiera truxillensis (Kunth) S.F. Blake

Synonyms: Viguiera truxillensis Kunth
Reference: Blake, S. F., 1918: 136. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui 14149 (F!)
Departments: Cajamarca, La Libertad.


$


 Viguiera weberbaueri S.F. Blake



Viguiera weberbaueri S.F. Blake

Reference: Blake, S. F., 1917: 49; Ferreyra, R., 1961: 118. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Coastal: lomas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 1571* (B photo F), Dillon 3375 (F!)
Departments: Arequipa, Tacna.


$


 Vilfa acutiglumia Steud. ex Lechler


Vilfa acutiglumia Steud. ex Lechler = Agrostis exasperata Trin.

Reference: Hitchcock, A. S., 1927: 382. 
Note: nom. nud.  


$


 Vilfa arguta Nees


Vilfa arguta Nees = Sporobolus pyramidatus (Lam.) Hitchc.

Reference: FP 719: 174; Killeen, T. J., 1990: 189. 


$


 Vilfa berteroana Trin.


Vilfa berteroana Trin. = Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br.

Reference: FP 719: 174; Killeen, T. J., 1990: 189. 


$


 Vilfa familiaris Steud. ex Lechler


Vilfa familiaris Steud. ex Lechler = Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br.

Reference: FP 719: 174; Killeen, T. J., 1990: 189. 


$


 Vilfa fasciculata Kunth


Vilfa fasciculata Kunth = Agrostis fasciculata (Kunth) Roem. & Schult.

Reference: Hitchcock, A. S., 1927: 380. 


$


 Vilfa gavana Steud. ex Lechler


Vilfa gavana Steud. ex Lechler = Panicum laxum Sw.

Reference: FP 719: 223. 
Note: nom. nud.  


$


 Vilfa glomerata J. Presl


Vilfa glomerata J. Presl = Agrostis tolucensis Kunth

Reference: FP 719: 165. 


$


 Vilfa luxurians Steud. ex Lechler


Vilfa luxurians Steud. ex Lechler = Sporobolus virginicus (L.) Kunth

Reference: FP 719: 175. 


$


 Vilfa macusaniensis Steud. ex Lechler


Vilfa macusaniensis Steud. ex Lechler = Dissanthelium macusaniense (E.H.L. Krause) R.C. Foster & L.B. Sm.

Reference: FP 719: 148. 


$


 Vilfa muricata J. Presl


Vilfa muricata J. Presl = Polypogon chilensis (Kunth) Pilg.

Reference: Smith, L. B., D. C. Wasshausen & R. M. Klein, 1982: 506. 


$


 Vilfa trichodes Kunth


Vilfa trichodes Kunth = Agrostis trichodes (Kunth) Roem. & Schult.

Reference: FP 719: 166. 


$


 Villadia andina (Ball.) Baehni & J. F. Macbride



Villadia andina (Ball.) Baehni & J. F. Macbride

Synonyms: Villadia andina Ball.
Reference: Flora Peru: 626: 1010; Baehni, C., 1937: 285. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ball s.n.* 
Departments: Lima.


$


 Villadia berillonana (Hamet) Baehni & J. F. Macbride



Villadia berillonana (Hamet) Baehni & J. F. Macbride

Synonyms: Villadia berillonana (Hamet) Berger, Villadia berillonana Hamet
Reference: Flora Peru: 626: 1010; Baehni, C., 1937: 285. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2500-3500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 5501* (B)
Departments: Ayacucho.


$


 Villadia decipiens (Baker) Jacobsen



Villadia decipiens (Baker) Jacobsen

Synonyms: Villadia decipiens (Baker) Fr&ouml;d., Villadia decipiens Baker
Reference: Jacobsen, H. & G. D. Rowley, 1958: 76. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Villadia dielsii Baehni & J. F. Macbride



Villadia dielsii Baehni & J. F. Macbride

Synonyms: Villadia dielsii (Diels) Berger, Villadia dielsii Diels
Reference: Flora Peru: 626: 1011; Baehni, C., 1937: 285. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: rocky slopes. 2000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 3000* , Gentry et al. 39744 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Lima, La Libertad.


$


 Villadia dyvrandae (Hamet) Baehni & J. F. Macbride



Villadia dyvrandae (Hamet) Baehni & J. F. Macbride

Synonyms: Villadia dyvrandae (Hamet) Berger, Villadia dyvrandae Hamet
Reference: Flora Peru: 626: 1011; Baehni, C., 1937: 286. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 5278* , Sag&aacute;stegui 8109 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Cuzco, Lima, La Libertad.


$


 Villadia grandyi (Hamet) Baehni & J. F. Macbride



Villadia grandyi (Hamet) Baehni & J. F. Macbride

Synonyms: Villadia grandyi (Hamet) Berger, Villadia grandyi Hamet
Reference: Flora Peru: 626: 1011; Baehni, C., 1937: 286. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Mathews s.n.* (G)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Villadia imbricata (Diels) Baehni & J. F. Macbride


Villadia imbricata (Diels) Baehni & J. F. Macbride = Villadia reniformis (Diels) Jacobsen

Reference: FP 626: 1012. 


$


 Villadia incarum (Ball) Baehni & J. F. Macbride



Villadia incarum (Ball) Baehni & J. F. Macbride

Synonyms: Villadia incarum (Ball) Berger, Villadia incarum Ball
Reference: Flora Peru: 626: 1012; Baehni, C., 1937: 286. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean III: rocky slopes. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Ball s.n.* , Gentry 21655 (MO!)
Departments: Lima.


$



$


 Villadia reniformis (Diels) Jacobsen



Villadia reniformis (Diels) Jacobsen

Synonyms: Villadia reniformis (Diels) Baehni & J. F. Macbride, Villadia reniformis (Diels) Berger, Villadia reniformis Diels
Reference: Flora Peru: 626: 1012; Jacobsen, H. & G. D. Rowley, 1958: 76. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II-III: rocky slopes. 2000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 37386 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Arequipa, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, La Libertad, Tacna.


$


 Villadia virgata (Diels) Baehni & J. F. Macbride



Villadia virgata (Diels) Baehni & J. F. Macbride

Synonyms: Villadia virgata (Diels) Berger, Villadia virgata Diels
Reference: Flora Peru: 626: 1012; Baehni, C., 1937: 286. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: rocky slopes. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 2853* , Solomon 3023 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Villadia weberbaueri (Diels) Baehni & J. F. Macbride



Villadia weberbaueri (Diels) Baehni & J. F. Macbride

Synonyms: Villadia weberbaueri (Diels) Berger, Villadia weberbaueri Diels
Reference: Flora Peru: 626: 1012; Baehni, C., 1937: 286. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 4282* (B)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Villamilla octandra (L.) Hook. f.


Villamilla octandra (L.) Hook. f. = Trichostigma octandrum (L.) H. Walter

Reference: FP 1261: 549; Nowicke, J. W., 1969: 336. 


$


 Villamilla peruviana (Moquin) Hook. f.


Villamilla peruviana (Moquin) Hook. f. = Trichostigma peruvianum (Moquin) H. Walter

Reference: FP 1261: 550; Nowicke, J. W., 1969: 335. 


$


 Villamilla racemosa Britton ex Rusby


Villamilla racemosa Britton ex Rusby = Schindleria racemosa (Britton ex Rusby) H. Walter

Reference: Nowicke, J. W., 1969: 338. 


$


 Villamilla tinctoria Ruiz & Pav.


Villamilla tinctoria Ruiz & Pav. = Trichostigma peruvianum (Moquin) H. Walter

Reference: FP 1261: 550; Nowicke, J. W., 1969: 335. 


$


 Villanova alternifolia Lag.



Villanova alternifolia Lag.

$


 Villanova dissecta (Hooker) DC.


Villanova dissecta (Hooker) DC. = Vasquezia oppositifolia (Lag.) S.F. Blake

$


 Villanova oppositifolia Lag.


Villanova oppositifolia Lag. = Vasquezia oppositifolia (Lag.) S.F. Blake

$


 Villaresiopsis ilicifolia Sleumer


Villaresiopsis ilicifolia Sleumer = Citronella ilicifolia (Sleumer) R.A. Howard

Reference: FP 693: 228; Howard, R. A., 1942: 79. 


$


 Villarsia humboldtiana Kunth


Villarsia humboldtiana Kunth = Nymphoides indica (L.) Kuntze

Reference: FP 1342: 271; Ornduff, R., 1969: 351. 


$


 Villarsia indica (L.) Vent.


Villarsia indica (L.) Vent. = Nymphoides indica (L.) Kuntze

$


 Vinca major L.



Vinca major L.

$


 Vinca rosea L.


Vinca rosea L. = Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don

Reference: FP 1343: 391; Stearn, W. T., 1975: 31. 


$


 Viola arborea L.


Viola arborea L. = Corynostylis arborea (L.) S.F. Blake

Reference: FP 729: 69; Baehni, C. & R. Weibel, 1941: 205. 


$


 Viola arguta Kunth



Viola arguta Kunth

Synonyms: Viola arguta Dombey, Viola arguta W. Becker, Viola arguta W. Becker
Reference: Flora Peru: 729: 72; Baehni, C. & R. Weibel, 1941: 211. 
Ecology: Native herb, subshrub. Andean II: cloud forests. 1500-3500 m. 
Voucher: L&oacute;pez 9121 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Huancavelica, La Libertad, Piura.


$


 Viola arguta subsp. meridionalis W. Becker


Viola arguta subsp. meridionalis W. Becker = Viola arguta Kunth

Reference: FP 729: 72; Baehni, C. & R. Weibel, 1941: 211. 


$


 Viola arguta var. glaberrima W. Becker


Viola arguta var. glaberrima W. Becker = Viola arguta Kunth

Reference: FP 729: 72; Baehni, C. & R. Weibel, 1941: 211. 


$


 Viola bangiana W. Becker



Viola bangiana W. Becker

Reference: Flora Peru: 729: 73; Baehni, C. & R. Weibel, 1941: 212. 
Ecology. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Probably a synonym of V. dombeyana.   
Voucher: Lechler 2241* (B), Vargas 3259 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Puno.


$


 Viola bangii Rusby



Viola bangii Rusby

Synonyms: Viola bangii Benth.
Reference: Flora Peru: 729: 77; Rusby, H. H., 1896: 5. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   Included as V. nivalis in the Flora of Peru and reported by Baehni & Weibel (1941: 216) as being in Bolivia and Ecuador and probably in Peru.  


$


 Viola begoniifolia Benth.


Viola begoniifolia Benth. = Viola stipularis Sw.

Reference: FP 729: 79; Baehni, C. & R. Weibel, 1941: 212. 


$


 Viola capillaris Gingins


Viola capillaris Gingins = Viola humboldtii Triana & Planch.

Reference: FP 729: 75; Baehni, C. & R. Weibel, 1941: 214. 


$


 Viola corchorifolia Dombey


Viola corchorifolia Dombey = Viola arguta Kunth

Reference: FP 729: 72; Baehni, C. & R. Weibel, 1941: 211. 


$


 Viola dombeyana DC.



Viola dombeyana DC.

Reference: Flora Peru: 729: 73; Baehni, C. & R. Weibel, 1941: 212. 
Ecology. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Pav&oacute;n 362* (G photo F!), Dombey 1785 (P photo F!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Piura.


$


 Viola fuscifolia W. Becker



Viola fuscifolia W. Becker

Reference: Flora Peru: 729: 74; Baehni, C. & R. Weibel, 1941: 212. 
Ecology. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Weddell 4673 (P photo F!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cuzco, Puno.


$


 Viola glandulifera Hook.



Viola glandulifera Hook.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & A. Fern&aacute;ndez-Perez, 1954: 145. 
Note: Not known from Peru. , but in adjacent Ecuador (Hekking, pers. comm.).  


$


 Viola granulosa Wedd.



Viola granulosa Wedd.

Reference: Flora Peru: 729: 74; Baehni, C. & R. Weibel, 1941: 213. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. . 
Voucher: Gay s.n.* (P photo F!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Viola hillii W. Becker



Viola hillii W. Becker

Reference: Flora Peru: 729: 74; Baehni, C. & R. Weibel, 1941: 213. 
Ecology. 4000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Hill 28* (B)
Departments: Puno.


$


 Viola huanucoensis W. Becker



Viola huanucoensis W. Becker

Synonyms: Viola huanucoensis W. Becker
Reference: Flora Peru: 729: 75; Baehni, C. & R. Weibel, 1941: 214. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. . 
Voucher: Weberbauer 3715* (B)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Viola humboldtii Triana & Planch.



Viola humboldtii Triana & Planch.

Synonyms: Viola humboldtii Gingins, Viola humboldtii Kunth
Reference: Flora Peru: 729: 75; Baehni, C. & R. Weibel, 1941: 214. 
Ecology. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Mostacero 1629 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Piura.


$


 Viola kermesina W. Becker



Viola kermesina W. Becker

Reference: Flora Peru: 729: 75; Baehni, C. & R. Weibel, 1941: 214. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean III: shrublands.  > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 330* (B, destroyed)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Viola lehmannii subsp. cordifolia W. Becker


Viola lehmannii subsp. cordifolia W. Becker = Viola scandens Humb. & Bonpl. ex Roem. & Schult.

Reference: FP 729: 75; Baehni, C. & R. Weibel, 1941: 215. 


$


 Viola lehmannii subsp. ovalifolia W. Becker


Viola lehmannii subsp. ovalifolia W. Becker = Viola lehmannii W. Becker

Reference: FP 729: 75; Baehni, C. & R. Weibel, 1941: 215. 


$


 Viola lehmannii W. Becker



Viola lehmannii W. Becker

Synonyms: Viola lehmannii W. Becker
Reference: Flora Peru: 729: 75; Baehni, C. & R. Weibel, 1941: 215. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Stuebel 26d (B)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Viola mandonii W. Becker



Viola mandonii W. Becker

Reference: Flora Peru: 729: 76; Baehni, C. & R. Weibel, 1941: 215. 
Note: Not known from Peru, but expected.  


$


 Viola membranacea W. Becker



Viola membranacea W. Becker

Reference: Flora Peru: 729: 76; Baehni, C. & R. Weibel, 1941: 215. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, shrublands. 3000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 347* (B, destroyed)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Viola micranthella Wedd.



Viola micranthella Wedd.

Reference: Flora Peru: 729: 76; Baehni, C. & R. Weibel, 1941: 216. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: grasslands, shrublands. 1500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Smith 12145 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Viola nivalis Benth.


Viola nivalis Benth. = Viola bangii Rusby

Reference: FP 729: 77; Rusby, H. H., 1896: 5; Baehni, C. & R. Weibel, 1941: 216. 


$



$


 Viola nobilis W. Becker



Viola nobilis W. Becker

Reference: Flora Peru: 729: 77; Baehni, C. & R. Weibel, 1941: 217. 
Ecology. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 2214 (B)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Viola odorata L.



Viola odorata L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 729: 71; Baehni, C. & R. Weibel, 1941: 221. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: wd  
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Viola orchidiflora Rudge


Viola orchidiflora Rudge = Noisettia orchidiflora (Rudge) Gingins

Reference: Baehni, C. & R. Weibel, 1941: 207. 


$


 Viola pallascaensis W. Becker



Viola pallascaensis W. Becker

Reference: Flora Peru: 729: 77; Baehni, C. & R. Weibel, 1941: 217. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 7200 (B)
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Viola parviflora Mutis ex L. f.


Viola parviflora Mutis ex L. f. = Hybanthus parviflorus (Mutis ex L. f.) Baill.

Reference: FP 729: 68; Smith, L. B. & A. Fern&aacute;ndez-Perez, 1954: 133. 


$


 Viola pusillima Wedd.



Viola pusillima Wedd.

Reference: Flora Peru: 729: 77; Baehni, C. & R. Weibel, 1941: 217. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean III: grasslands. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 8357 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Cuzco.


$


 Viola pygmaea Juss. ex Poir.



Viola pygmaea Juss. ex Poir.

Reference: Flora Peru: 729: 78; Baehni, C. & R. Weibel, 1941: 218. 
Ecology. 3500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Tupayachi 135 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Cuzco, Puno.


$


 Viola replicata W. Becker



Viola replicata W. Becker

Reference: Flora Peru: 729: 78; Baehni, C. & R. Weibel, 1941: 218. 
Ecology. 4000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 2961* (B)
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Viola saccata Melchior



Viola saccata Melchior

Reference: Flora Peru: 729: 78; Baehni, C. & R. Weibel, 1941: 219. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: shrublands. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 7780* (F)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Viola scandens Humb. & Bonpl. ex Roem. & Schult.



Viola scandens Humb. & Bonpl. ex Roem. & Schult.

Synonyms: Viola scandens W. Becker
Reference: Smith, L. B. & A. Fern&aacute;ndez-Perez, 1954: 156. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: forests. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Peyton 1440 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Viola steinbachii W. Becker



Viola steinbachii W. Becker

Synonyms: Viola steinbachii W. Becker
Reference: Flora Peru: 729: 79; Baehni, C. & R. Weibel, 1941: 219. 
Ecology. 1500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Metcalf 30576 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Puno.


$


 Viola stipularis Kunth


Viola stipularis Kunth = Viola humboldtii Triana & Planch.

Reference: FP 729: 75; Baehni, C. & R. Weibel, 1941: 214. 


$


 Viola stipularis Sw.



Viola stipularis Sw.

Synonyms: Viola stipularis (Sw.) Schultes, Viola stipularis Benth.
Reference: Flora Peru: 729: 79; Baehni, C. & R. Weibel, 1941: 220. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: cloud forests, disturbed areas, forests. 1500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry 35973 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Viola tricolor L.



Viola tricolor L.

Reference: Baehni, C. & R. Weibel, 1941: 221. 
Ecology: Cultivated herb. Andean II: disturbed areas. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Brunel 475 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Viola truncata W. Becker


Viola truncata W. Becker = Viola huanucoensis W. Becker

Reference: FP 729: 75; Baehni, C. & R. Weibel, 1941: 214. 


$


 Viola weberbaueri W. Becker



Viola weberbaueri W. Becker

Reference: Flora Peru: 729: 79; Baehni, C. & R. Weibel, 1941: 220. 
Ecology: Native herb. Coastal: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 1541* (B), Mexia 4171 (MO!)
Departments: Arequipa.


$


 Viola weddellii W. Becker



Viola weddellii W. Becker

Reference: Flora Peru: 729: 80; Baehni, C. & R. Weibel, 1941: 220. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: grasslands. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weddell s.n. [VI-VII 8147]* (P), N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 7729 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Puno.


$


 Viola weibelii J.F. Macbr.



Viola weibelii J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 729: 80; Baehni, C. & R. Weibel, 1941: 221. 
Ecology: Native subshrub. Region uncertain: rocky slopes. . 
Voucher: Macbride 3060* (F)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Virgularia lanceolata Ruiz & Pav.


Virgularia lanceolata Ruiz & Pav. = Agalinis lanceolata (Ruiz & Pav.) D'Arcy

Reference: FP 1361: 675; D'Arcy, W. G., 1980: 353. 


$


 Virgularia revoluta Ruiz & Pav.


Virgularia revoluta Ruiz & Pav. = Agalinis lanceolata (Ruiz & Pav.) D'Arcy

Reference: FP 1361: 675. 


$


 Virola albidiflora Ducke



Virola albidiflora Ducke

Synonyms: Virola albidiflora L.O. Williams
Reference: Rodrigues, W. A., 1980: 37. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 8794 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Virola caducifolia W.A. Rodrigues



Virola caducifolia W.A. Rodrigues

Reference: Rodrigues, W. A., 1980: 38; Spichiger, R., J. Meroz, P. Loizeau & L. Stutz de Ortega, 1989: 156. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: JHR 5/402 (G)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Virola calophylla Warb.



Virola calophylla Warb.

Synonyms: Virola calophylla Spruce
Reference: Flora Peru: 1279: 778; Rodrigues, W. A., 1980: 40; Spichiger, R., J. Meroz, P. Loizeau & L. Stutz de Ortega, 1989: 159. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: seasonally inundated areas, terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Huashikat 2042 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, Ucayali.


$


 Virola cuspidata (Spruce ex Benth.) Warb.


Virola cuspidata (Spruce ex Benth.) Warb. = Virola elongata (Benth.) Warb.

Reference: FP 1279: 778; Rodrigues, W. A., 1980: 54. 


$


 Virola decorticans Ducke



Virola decorticans Ducke

Reference: Flora Peru: 1279: 779; Rodrigues, W. A., 1980: 49; Spichiger, R., J. Meroz, P. Loizeau & L. Stutz de Ortega, 1989: 159. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 29947 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Virola divergens Ducke



Virola divergens Ducke

Reference: Rodrigues, W. A., 1980: 51; Spichiger, R., J. Meroz, P. Loizeau & L. Stutz de Ortega, 1989: 162. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry & V&aacute;squez 42416 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Virola duckei A.C. Sm.



Virola duckei A.C. Sm.

Reference: Rodrigues, W. A., 1980: 52. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 8453 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Pasco.


$


 Virola elongata (Benth.) Warb.



Virola elongata (Benth.) Warb.

Synonyms: Virola elongata (Spruce ex Benth.) Warb., Virola elongata (Spruce ex Benth.) Warb., Virola elongata Benth., Virola elongata Spruce ex Benth., Virola elongata Spruce ex Benth.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1279: 779; Rodrigues, W. A., 1980: 54. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas, terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez  2238 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Virola flexuosa A.C. Sm.



Virola flexuosa A.C. Sm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1279: 780; Rodrigues, W. A., 1980: 60. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Huashikat 2162 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Madre de Dios.


$


 Virola kukachkana L.O. Williams


Virola kukachkana L.O. Williams = Virola albidiflora Ducke

Reference: Rodrigues, W. A., 1980: 37. 


$


 Virola loretensis A.C. Sm.



Virola loretensis A.C. Sm.

Synonyms: Virola loretensis Ducke
Reference: Flora Peru: 1279: 780; Rodrigues, W. A., 1980: 66. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 2589 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Virola marlenei W.A. Rodrigues



Virola marlenei W.A. Rodrigues

Reference: Rodrigues, W. A., 1980: 69; Spichiger, R., J. Meroz, P. Loizeau & L. Stutz de Ortega, 1989: 165. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez et al. 5351 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Virola mocoa Warb.


Virola mocoa Warb. = Virola sebifera Aubl.

Reference: FP 1279: 783; Rodrigues, W. A., 1980: 95. 


$


 Virola mollissima (A.DC.) Warb.



Virola mollissima (A.DC.) Warb.

Synonyms: Virola mollissima A.DC.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1279: 781; Rodrigues, W. A., 1980: 74. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Smith et al. 921 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Virola multinervia Ducke



Virola multinervia Ducke

Reference: Flora Peru: 1279: 781; Rodrigues, W. A., 1980: 77. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 42998 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco.


$


 Virola obovata Ducke



Virola obovata Ducke

Reference: Spichiger, R., J. Meroz, P. Loizeau & L. Stutz de Ortega, 1989: 168. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 3822 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Virola pavonis (A. DC.) A.C. Sm.



Virola pavonis (A. DC.) A.C. Sm.

Synonyms: Virola pavonis A. DC., Virola pavonis Poepp. ex Warb., Virola pavonis Warb.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1279: 782; Rodrigues, W. A., 1980: 87. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (F), Schunke 4898 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Virola peruviana (A. DC.) Warb.



Virola peruviana (A. DC.) Warb.

Synonyms: Virola peruviana A. DC.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1279: 782; Rodrigues, W. A., 1980: 90. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Tunqui 79 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Virola peruviana var. tomentosa Warb.


Virola peruviana var. tomentosa Warb. = Virola sebifera Aubl.

Reference: FP 1279: 783; Rodrigues, W. A., 1980: 95. 


$


 Virola sebifera Aubl.



Virola sebifera Aubl.

Synonyms: Virola sebifera A. DC., Virola sebifera Warb., Virola sebifera Warb.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1279: 783; Rodrigues, W. A., 1980: 94. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 63305 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Virola surinamensis (Rol.) Warb.



Virola surinamensis (Rol.) Warb.

Synonyms: Virola surinamensis Rol.
Reference: Rodrigues, W. A., 1980: 102. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Barbour 5358 (MO!, USM!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Virola theiodora (Spruce ex Benth.) Warb.


Virola theiodora (Spruce ex Benth.) Warb. = Virola elongata (Benth.) Warb.

Reference: Rodrigues, W. A., 1980: 55. 


$


 Virola venosa var. pavonis Warb.


Virola venosa var. pavonis Warb. = Virola pavonis (A. DC.) A.C. Sm.

Reference: FP 1279: 782; Rodrigues, W. A., 1980: 87. 


$


 Virola villosa Ducke


Virola villosa Ducke = Virola loretensis A.C. Sm.

Reference: FP 1279: 780; Rodrigues, W. A., 1980: 66. 


$


 Virola weberbaueri Markgr.



Virola weberbaueri Markgr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1279: 784. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Andean I-II: forests. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 1893* (MOL!), Gentry & D&iacute;az 58635 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Pasco.


$


 Viscum angustifolium (Kunth) DC.


Viscum angustifolium (Kunth) DC. = Phoradendron angustifolium (Kunth) Nutt.

Reference: Kuijt, J., 1986: 54. 


$


 Viscum chrysostachyum J. Presl


Viscum chrysostachyum J. Presl = Dendrophthora chrysostachya (J. Presl) Urb.

Reference: FP 1238: 380; Kuijt, J., 1961: 41; Kuijt, J., 1986: 107. 


$


 Viscum clavatum Benth.


Viscum clavatum Benth. = Dendrophthora clavata (Benth.) Urb.

Reference: FP 1238: 380; Kuijt, J., 1961: 43; Kuijt, J., 1986: 75. 


$


 Viscum crassifolium Pohl ex DC.


Viscum crassifolium Pohl ex DC. = Phoradendron crassifolium (Pohl ex DC.) Eichler

Reference: Kuijt, J., 1986: 21. 


$


 Viscum crassuloides J. Presl


Viscum crassuloides J. Presl = Dendrophthora clavata (Benth.) Urb.

Reference: FP 1238: 380; Kuijt, J., 1961: 43; Kuijt, J., 1986: 75. 


$


 Viscum dichotomum Bertero


Viscum dichotomum Bertero = Phoradendron dichotomum (Bertero) Krug & Urb.

Reference: Burger, W. & J. Kuijt, 1983: 71. 


$


 Viscum ellipticum Gardner


Viscum ellipticum Gardner = Dendrophthora elliptica (Gardner) Krug & Urb.

Reference: Kuijt, J., 1961: 64; Kuijt, J., 1986: 100. 


$


 Viscum flavens Sw.


Viscum flavens Sw. = Phoradendron chrysocladon A. Gray

Reference: Kuijt, J., 1986: 28; Kuijt, pers. comm.. 


$


 Viscum globuliflorum J. Presl


Viscum globuliflorum J. Presl = Dendrophthora chrysostachya (J. Presl) Urb.

Reference: FP 1238: 380; Kuijt, J., 1961: 41; Kuijt, J., 1986: 107. 


$


 Viscum obliquum C. Presl


Viscum obliquum C. Presl = Dendrophthora obliqua (C. Presl) Wiens

Reference: FP 1238: 387; Kuijt, J., 1986: 93. 


$


 Viscum piperoides (Kunth) DC.


Viscum piperoides (Kunth) DC. = Phoradendron piperoides (Kunth) Trel.

Reference: Kuijt, J., 1986: 26. 


$


 Viscum undulatum Pohl ex DC.


Viscum undulatum Pohl ex DC. = Phoradendron undulatum (Pohl ex DC.) Eichler

Reference: Kuijt, J., 1986: 46. 


$


 Viscum verticillatum L.


Viscum verticillatum L. = Cissus verticillata (L.) Nicolson & Jarvis

Reference: Nicolson, D. & C. Jarvis, 1984: 727. 


$


 Vismia amazonica Ewan



Vismia amazonica Ewan

Reference: Ewan, J., 1962: 355. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree, treelet. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, shrublands. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 27378* (US), V&aacute;squez 1453 (F, MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vismia angusta Miq.



Vismia angusta Miq.

Reference: Ewan, J., 1962: 310. 
Ecology: Native tree, treelet. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 133 (F)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Vismia baccifera subsp.dealbata (Kunth) Ewan



Vismia baccifera subsp. dealbata (Kunth) Ewan

Synonyms: Vismia baccifera dealbata Kunth
Reference: Ewan, J., 1962: 334. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry 44926 (MO!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vismia baccifera subsp.subcuneata (Huber) Ewan



Vismia baccifera subsp. subcuneata (Huber) Ewan

Synonyms: Vismia baccifera subcuneata Huber
Reference: Ewan, J., 1962: 337. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests. 500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Huber MG 1479* (MG), Schunke A103 (US)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vismia buchtienii Ewan



Vismia buchtienii Ewan

Reference: Ewan, J., 1962: 353. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree, treelet. Andean I-II: forests. 500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Williams 5954 (F)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vismia cayennensis (Jacq.) Pers.



Vismia cayennensis (Jacq.) Pers.

Synonyms: Vismia cayennensis Jacq.
Reference: Ewan, J., 1962: 325. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree, treelet. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Klug 3455 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vismia confertiflora Spruce ex Rchb.



Vismia confertiflora Spruce ex Rchb.

Reference: Ewan, J., 1962: 356. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Kayap 360 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Vismia dealbata Kunth


Vismia dealbata Kunth = Vismia baccifera subsp. dealbata (Kunth) Ewan

Reference: Ewan, J., 1962: 334. 


$


 Vismia glabra Ruiz & Pav.



Vismia glabra Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Ewan, J., 1962: 328. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (G), Klug 3140 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$



$


 Vismia glabra subsp. pozuzoensis (Engl.) Ewan


Vismia glabra subsp. pozuzoensis (Engl.) Ewan = Vismia pozuzoensis Engl.

Reference: Ewan, J., 1962: 329. 


$


 Vismia gracilis Hieron.



Vismia gracilis Hieron.

Reference: Ewan, J., 1962: 357. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry 20783 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Vismia lateriflora Ducke



Vismia lateriflora Ducke

Reference: Ewan, J., 1962: 313. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree, treelet. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 29689 (US)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto.


$


 Vismia macrophylla Kunth



Vismia macrophylla Kunth

Reference: Ewan, J., 1962: 307. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Croat 17812 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Vismia mandurr Hieron.



Vismia mandurr Hieron.

Reference: Ewan, J., 1962: 339. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean I: forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Luteyn 5520 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Vismia minutiflora Ewan



Vismia minutiflora Ewan

Reference: Ewan, J., 1962: 319. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests on white sand, seasonally inundated areas. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Rimachi 4826 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Vismia obtusa Spruce ex Rchb.



Vismia obtusa Spruce ex Rchb.

Reference: Ewan, J., 1962: 357. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 264 (F)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Vismia plicatifolia Hochr.



Vismia plicatifolia Hochr.

Reference: Ewan, J., 1962: 330. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests, shrublands. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Williams 7043 p.p. (F)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vismia pozuzoensis Engl.



Vismia pozuzoensis Engl.

Synonyms: Vismia pozuzoensis (Engl.) Ewan
Reference: Ewan, J., 1962: 329; Engler, A., 1923: 1. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean I-II: forests. 1000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Esperto s.n.* (B photo F), Weberbauer 4515 (G)
Departments: Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vismia rusbyi Ewan



Vismia rusbyi Ewan

Reference: Ewan, J., 1962: 351. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree, treelet. Andean II: forests. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 7001 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vismia schultesii N. Robson



Vismia schultesii N. Robson

Reference: Robson, N., 1990: 410. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests on white sand. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ayala 468 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Vismia sprucei Sprague



Vismia sprucei Sprague

Reference: Ewan, J., 1962: 358. 
Ecology: Native shrub, treelet. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests on white sand. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Knapp 7962 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vismia subcuneata Huber


Vismia subcuneata Huber = Vismia baccifera subsp. subcuneata (Huber) Ewan

Reference: Ewan, J., 1962: 337. 


$


 Vismia tomentosa Ruiz & Pav.



Vismia tomentosa Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Ewan, J., 1962: 343. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree, treelet. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests, riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (G), Woytkowski 5563 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vitellaria glabrescens (C. Mart. & Eichler) Radlk.


Vitellaria glabrescens (C. Mart. & Eichler) Radlk. = Elaeoluma glabrescens (C. Mart. & Eichler) Aubr&eacute;v.

Reference: FP 1297: 148; Pennington, T. D., 1990: 242. 


$


 Vitellaria glaucophylla Engl.


Vitellaria glaucophylla Engl. = Pouteria macrophylla (Lam.) Eyma

Reference: FP 1297: 174; Pennington, T. D., 1990: 375. 


$


 Vitellaria rivicoa Radlk.


Vitellaria rivicoa Radlk. = Pouteria macrophylla (Lam.) Eyma

Reference: FP 1297: 174; Pennington, T. D., 1990: 375. 


$


 Vitex compressa Turcz.



Vitex compressa Turcz.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 693; L&oacute;pez-Palacios, S., 1977: 595. 
Ecology: Cultivated tree. Amazonian: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Pav&oacute;n s.n. (P)


$


 Vitex cymosa Bertero ex Spreng.



Vitex cymosa Bertero ex Spreng.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 693; Moldenke, H. N., 1973: 136. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ayala et al. 3331 (MO!)
Departments: Lima, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Tumbes.


$


 Vitex excelsa var.petiolata Moldenke



Vitex excelsa var. petiolata Moldenke

Reference: Moldenke, H. N., 1979: 482. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Note: Moldenke cited Arostegui V. 123 (104.I)(NY) as this taxon (1979).  However,  in 1981 he cites Arostegui V. 123 (104.I)(WIS) as V. panshiniana. 
Voucher: Ar&oacute;stegui 75* (NY)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Vitex flavens Kunth



Vitex flavens Kunth

Synonyms: Vitex flavens Moldenke
Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 694; Moldenke, H. N., 1973: 135. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Note: The type is without locality data, but perhaps from Peru.  
Voucher: Humboldt & Bonpland s.n.* (P photo F!), Tessmann 3247 (B)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Vitex gigantea Kunth



Vitex gigantea Kunth

Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 694; Moldenke, H. N., 1979: 492. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Mexia 6177 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Tumbes.


$


 Vitex klugii Moldenke



Vitex klugii Moldenke

Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 695; L&oacute;pez-Palacios, S., 1977: 610; Moldenke, H. N., 1980: 495. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests, forests on white sand, riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 625* , V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 8403 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Pasco.


$


 Vitex multiflora Miq.


Vitex multiflora Miq. = Vitex orinocensis var. multiflora (Miq.) Huber

Reference: L&oacute;pez-Palacios, S., 1977: 617. 


$


 Vitex orinocensis Kunth



Vitex orinocensis Kunth

$


 Vitex orinocensis var.glabra Moldenke



Vitex orinocensis var. glabra Moldenke

Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 696; Moldenke, H. N., 1957: 27; Moldenke, H. N., 1980: 112. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Vitex orinocensis var.multiflora (Miq.) Huber



Vitex orinocensis var. multiflora (Miq.) Huber

Synonyms: Vitex orinocensis multiflora Miq.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 696; L&oacute;pez-Palacios, S., 1977: 617. 
Ecology: Native tree, treelet. Amazonian: forests, riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 21818 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Vitex panshiniana Moldenke



Vitex panshiniana Moldenke

Reference: Jansen-Jacobs, M. J., 1988: 82. 
Note: Not reconfirmed. ,  although cited from Loreto by Moldenke (1981). 


$


 Vitex pseudolea Rusby



Vitex pseudolea Rusby

Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 696; Moldenke, H. N., 1957: 91. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests, riversides. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 26800 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vitex rusbyi Moldenke


Vitex rusbyi Moldenke = Vitex flavens Kunth

Reference: FP 1286: 694; Moldenke, H. N., 1973: 135. 


$


 Vitex schunkei Moldenke



Vitex schunkei Moldenke

Reference: Moldenke, H. N., 1972: 211. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Schunke 908* (NY)
Departments: Loreto, Pasco.


$


 Vitex triflora fo.quinquefoliolata (Moldenke) Moldenke



Vitex triflora fo. quinquefoliolata (Moldenke) Moldenke

Synonyms: Vitex triflora var. quinquefoliolata Moldenke
Reference: Moldenke, H. N., 1979: 384. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 2791 (NY)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Vitex triflora Vahl



Vitex triflora Vahl

$


 Vitex triflora var.coriacea Huber



Vitex triflora var. coriacea Huber

Reference: Moldenke, H. N., 1958: 162. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 15638 (NY)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Vitex triflora var.floribunda Huber



Vitex triflora var. floribunda Huber

Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 697; Moldenke, H. N., 1958: 162. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Vitex triflora var.hirsuta Moldenke



Vitex triflora var. hirsuta Moldenke

Reference: Moldenke, H. N., 1972: 315. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 5392 (NY)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vitex triflora var. quinquefoliolata Moldenke


Vitex triflora var. quinquefoliolata Moldenke = Vitex triflora fo. quinquefoliolata (Moldenke) Moldenke

Reference: FP 1286: 697; Moldenke, H. N., 1958: 164. 


$


 Vitex triflora var.triflora



Vitex triflora var. triflora 

Synonyms: Vitex triflora triflora Nees
Reference: Flora Peru: 1286: 697; Moldenke, H. N., 1958: 156. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests on white sand, seasonally inundated areas, terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Ayala 2029 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vitis erosa (Rich.) Baker


Vitis erosa (Rich.) Baker = Cissus erosa Rich.

Reference: FP 1300: 409; G&ouml;rts-van Rijn, A. R. A., 1979: 342. 


$


 Vitis gongylodes Burch. ex Baker


Vitis gongylodes Burch. ex Baker = Cissus gongylodes (Burch. ex Baker) Planch.

Reference: FP 1300: 410; M&uacute;lgura, M. E., 1978: 11. 


$


 Vitis granulosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Miq.


Vitis granulosa (Ruiz & Pav.) Miq. = Cissus granulosa Ruiz & Pav.

$


 Vitis obliqua (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze


Vitis obliqua (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze = Cissus microcarpa Vahl

$


 Vitis palmata (Poir.) Baker


Vitis palmata (Poir.) Baker = Cissus palmata Poir.

Reference: M&uacute;lgura, M. E., 1978: 20. 


$



$


 Vitis pterophora Baker


Vitis pterophora Baker = Cissus gongylodes (Burch. ex Baker) Planch.

Reference: FP 1300: 410; M&uacute;lgura, M. E., 1978: 11. 


$


 Vitis rhombifolia (Vahl) Baker


Vitis rhombifolia (Vahl) Baker = Cissus rhombifolia Vahl

Reference: FP 1300: 410. 


$


 Vitis salutaris (Kunth) Baker


Vitis salutaris (Kunth) Baker = Cissus erosa Rich.

Reference: FP 1300: 409; Elias, T.S., 1968: 87; G&ouml;rts-van Rijn, A. R. A., 1979: 342. 


$


 Vitis sicyoides (L.) Baker


Vitis sicyoides (L.) Baker = Cissus verticillata (L.) Nicolson & Jarvis

Reference: FP 1300: 411. 


$



$


 Vitis ulmifolia Baker


Vitis ulmifolia Baker = Cissus ulmifolia (Baker) Planch.

Reference: FP 1300: 413; G&ouml;rts-van Rijn, A. R. A., 1979: 341. 


$


 Vitis vinifera L.



Vitis vinifera L.

Reference: Soukup, J., 1972: 187. 
Ecology. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Dillon & Dillon 3903 (MO!)
Departments: Lima, Moquegua.


$


 Vitmania viscosa (Cav.) Turra ex Steud.


Vitmania viscosa (Cav.) Turra ex Steud. = Mirabilis viscosa Cav.

Reference: FP 1258: 545. 


$


 Vittaria costata Kunze


Vittaria costata Kunze = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 220. 


$


 Vittaria filifolia F&eacute;e


Vittaria filifolia F&eacute;e = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 215. 


$


 Vittaria filiformis Cav.


Vittaria filiformis Cav. = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 213. 


$


 Vittaria gardneriana F&eacute;e



Vittaria gardneriana F&eacute;e

Reference: Flora Peru: 7300: 217. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 25552 (F!)


$


 Vittaria graminifolia Kaulf.



Vittaria graminifolia Kaulf.

Reference: Flora Peru: 7300: 215. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 5637 (F!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Vittaria lanceolata Sw.


Vittaria lanceolata Sw. = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 222. 


$


 Vittaria latifolia Benedict



Vittaria latifolia Benedict

Reference: Flora Peru: 7300: 219. 
Ecology. . 
Voucher: Soukup 2351 (GH)


$


 Vittaria lineata (L.) Sm.



Vittaria lineata (L.) Sm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 7300: 213. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Williams 6321 (F!)


$



$


 Vittaria orbignyana Kuhn


Vittaria orbignyana Kuhn = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 218. 


$



$


 Vittaria ruiziana F&eacute;e



Vittaria ruiziana F&eacute;e

Reference: Flora Peru: 7300: 218. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 1000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 4136 (F!)


$


 Vittaria stipitata Kunze



Vittaria stipitata Kunze

Reference: Flora Peru: 7300: 215. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Region uncertain: terra firme forests. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Allard 21932 (US), Poeppig diar.  1121 (B, photo GH)


$


 Vittaria vittarioides (Desv.) Weath.


Vittaria vittarioides (Desv.) Weath. = ?  

Reference: FP 7300: 219. 


$


 Vochysia biloba Ducke



Vochysia biloba Ducke

Reference: Flora Peru: 668: 882; Stafleu, F. A., 1948: 501. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: M&uacute;&ntilde;oz 7-EME (MO!)
Departments: Ucayali.


$


 Vochysia braceliniae Standl.



Vochysia braceliniae Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 668: 882; Stafleu, F. A., 1948: 503. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Mexia 6081* (MO!), Ancuash 202 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto.


$


 Vochysia citrifolia Poir.



Vochysia citrifolia Poir.

Synonyms: Vochysia citrifolia (Poir.) Roemer & Schultes
Reference: Flora Peru: 668: 883; Stafleu, F. A., 1948: 450. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Vochysia densissima Pilg.


Vochysia densissima Pilg. = Vochysia vismiifolia var. densissima (Pilg.) Stafleu

Reference: FP 668: 884. 


$


 Vochysia diversa J.F. Macbr.



Vochysia diversa J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 668: 884; Stafleu, F. A., 1948: 441. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests, riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 685* (NY), Gr&aacute;ndez et al. 387 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Vochysia eximia Ducke



Vochysia eximia Ducke

Reference: Flora Peru: 668: 885; Stafleu, F. A., 1948: 519. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


$


 Vochysia ferruginea (Sprengel) Mart.



Vochysia ferruginea (Sprengel) Mart.

Synonyms: Vochysia ferruginea (C. Martius) Sprengel
Reference: Flora Peru: 668: 885; Stafleu, F. A., 1948: 494. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Smith 4832 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vochysia grandis Mart.



Vochysia grandis Mart.

Synonyms: Vochysia grandis (C. Martius) Sprengel
Reference: Flora Peru: 668: 886; Stafleu, F. A., 1948: 453. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 1708* (B photo F!), Schunke 4541 (MO!)
Departments: Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vochysia haenkeana Mart.



Vochysia haenkeana Mart.

Synonyms: Vochysia haenkeana (C. Martius) Sprengel, Vochysia haenkeana Briq., Vochysia haenkeana Briq.
Reference: Flora Peru: 668: 886; Stafleu, F. A., 1948: 442. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Haenke s.n.* (M), Spichiger & Encarnaci&oacute;n 1129 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vochysia haenkeana var. microphylla Briq.


Vochysia haenkeana var. microphylla Briq. = Vochysia haenkeana Mart.

Reference: FP 668: 886; Stafleu, F. A., 1948: 443. 


$


 Vochysia haenkeana var. sprucei Briq.


Vochysia haenkeana var. sprucei Briq. = Vochysia haenkeana Mart.

Reference: FP 668: 886; Stafleu, F. A., 1948: 443. 


$


 Vochysia leguiana J.F. Macbr.



Vochysia leguiana J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 668: 887; Stafleu, F. A., 1948: 523. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean I: forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Schunke 434* (F)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Vochysia lehmannii Hieron.



Vochysia lehmannii Hieron.

Reference: Flora Peru: 668: 888; Stafleu, F. A., 1948: 442. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean II: cloud forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 61159 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Vochysia lomatophylla Standl.



Vochysia lomatophylla Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 668: 888; Stafleu, F. A., 1948: 504. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 14* (F), V&aacute;squez & Valderrama 1385 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Vochysia mapirensis Rusby



Vochysia mapirensis Rusby

Synonyms: Vochysia mapirensis Beckmann
Reference: Flora Peru: 668: 889; Stafleu, F. A., 1948: 444. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean I: forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Smith 1448 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Vochysia obscura var.julianii J.F. Macbr.



Vochysia obscura var. julianii J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 668: 890. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   In the Flora of Peru as "Juliani". 
Voucher: Klug 4105* (F)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vochysia obscura Warm.



Vochysia obscura Warm.

$


 Vochysia sprucei Warm.



Vochysia sprucei Warm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 668: 890; Stafleu, F. A., 1948: 511. 
Ecology: Region uncertain: forests. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Spruce 4566* (B photo F!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vochysia stafleui Marcano-Berti



Vochysia stafleui Marcano-Berti

Reference: Marcano-Berti, L., 1981: 31. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 3615 (MO!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vochysia venulosa Warm.



Vochysia venulosa Warm.

Reference: Stafleu, F. A., 1948: 440. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: The voucher is a sterile specimen; no other collections are known from Peru. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 56302 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Vochysia vismiifolia Spruce ex Warming



Vochysia vismiifolia Spruce ex Warming

Reference: Flora Peru: 668: 891; Stafleu, F. A., 1948: 497; Spichiger, R., J. Meroz, P. Loizeau, & L. Stutz de Ortega, 1990: 163. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Note: Cited specimen not determined to variety. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Jaramillo 1106 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Vochysia weberbaueri Beckmann


Vochysia weberbaueri Beckmann = Vochysia mapirensis Rusby

Reference: FP 668: 889; Stafleu, F. A., 1948: 444. 


$


 Vogelocassia cobanensis Britton in Britton & Rose


Vogelocassia cobanensis Britton in Britton & Rose = Senna cobanensis (Britton in Britton & Rose) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Reference: FP 21: 172; Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 250. 


$


 Vogelocassia leiophylla (Vogel) Britton in Britton & Rose


Vogelocassia leiophylla (Vogel) Britton in Britton & Rose = Senna leiophylla (Vogel) H.S. Irwin & Barneby

Reference: FP 21: 172; Irwin, H. S. & R. C. Barneby, 1982: 249. 


$


 Volkameria buxifolia Willd.


Volkameria buxifolia Willd. = Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn.

Reference: FP 1286: 699; Moldenke, H. N., 1980: 461. 
Note: NN  


$


 Volkameria fragrans Vent.


Volkameria fragrans Vent. = Clerodendrum philippinum Schauer in A. DC.

Reference: Howard, R. A., 1989: 223. 


$


 Volkameria inermis L.


Volkameria inermis L. = Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn.

Reference: FP 1286: 699; Moldenke, H. N., 1980: 461. 
Note: NN  


$


 Volkameria spinosa Jussieu


Volkameria spinosa Jussieu = Rhaphithamnus spinosus (Jussieu) Moldenke

Reference: FP 1286: 688; Moldenke, H. N., 1979: 310. 
Note: NN  


$


 Volkmannia japonica Jacq.


Volkmannia japonica Jacq. = Clerodendrum philippinum Schauer in A. DC.

Reference: FP 1286: 698; Howard, R. A. & D. A. Powell, 1968: 54. 


$


 Votomita pubescens Morley



Votomita pubescens Morley

Reference: Morley, T., 1985: 556. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Lao 22* (F)


$


 Vouacapoua inermis (W. Wright) Lyons


Vouacapoua inermis (W. Wright) Lyons = Andira inermis (Sw.) Kunth var. inermis 

Reference: FP 21: 255. 


$


 Vouacapoua retusa (Poir.) Lyons


Vouacapoua retusa (Poir.) Lyons = Andira surinamensis (Bondt) Splitgerber ex Pulle

Reference: FP 21: 256. 


$


 Vouapa acaciifolia (Benth.) Baill.


Vouapa acaciifolia (Benth.) Baill. = Macrolobium acaciifolium (Benth.) Benth.

Reference: Cowan, R. S., 1953: 282. 


$


 Vouapa angustifolia Benth.


Vouapa angustifolia Benth. = Macrolobium angustifolium (Benth.) R.S. Cowan

Reference: Cowan, R. S., 1953: 314. 


$


 Vouapa bifolia Aubl.


Vouapa bifolia Aubl. = Macrolobium bifolium (Aubl.) Pers.

Reference: FP 21: 137; Cowan, R. S., 1953: 310. 


$


 Vouapa chrysostachya Miq.


Vouapa chrysostachya Miq. = Macrolobium angustifolium (Benth.) R.S. Cowan

Reference: FP 21: 138; Cowan, R. S., 1953: 314. 


$


 Vouapa gracilis (Spruce ex Benth.) Taub.


Vouapa gracilis (Spruce ex Benth.) Taub. = Macrolobium gracile Spruce ex Benth. var. gracile 

Reference: Cowan, R. S., 1953: 275. 


$


 Vouapa limbata (Spruce ex Benth.) Taub.


Vouapa limbata (Spruce ex Benth.) Taub. = Macrolobium limbatum Spruce ex Benth. var. limbatum 

Reference: Cowan, R. S., 1953: 308; Cowan, R. S., 1955: 113. 


$


 Vouapa multijuga (DC.) Taub.


Vouapa multijuga (DC.) Taub. = Macrolobium multijugum (DC.) Benth. var. multijugum 

Reference: Cowan, R. S., 1953: 294. 


$


 Vouapa punctata (Spruce ex Benth.) Taub.


Vouapa punctata (Spruce ex Benth.) Taub. = Macrolobium punctatum Spruce ex Benth.

Reference: Cowan, R. S., 1953: 305. 


$


 Voyria alba (Standl.) L.O. Williams


Voyria alba (Standl.) L.O. Williams = Voyria corymbosa subsp. alba (Standley) Ruyters & P. Maas

Reference: Maas, P. J. M. & P. Ruyters, 1986: 57. 


$


 Voyria aphylla (Jacq.) Pers.



Voyria aphylla (Jacq.) Pers.

Synonyms: Voyria aphylla (Jacq.) Dietrich, Voyria aphylla (Jacq.) Dietrich, Voyria aphylla (Jacq.) Gilg, Voyria aphylla (Jacquin) Willd., Voyria aphylla Jacq.
Reference: Maas, P. J. M. & P. Ruyters, 1986: 39. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 21023 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cuzco, Loreto, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Voyria corymbosa Splitgerber



Voyria corymbosa Splitgerber

$


 Voyria corymbosa subsp.alba (Standley) Ruyters & P. Maas



Voyria corymbosa subsp. alba (Standley) Ruyters & P. Maas

Synonyms: Voyria corymbosa alba (Standl.) L.O. Williams, Voyria corymbosa alba Standl.
Reference: Maas, P. J. M. & P. Ruyters, 1986: 57. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 29277 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Voyria flavescens Griseb.



Voyria flavescens Griseb.

Synonyms: Voyria flavescens (Griseb.) Gilg, Voyria flavescens (Griseb.) Miq.
Reference: Maas, P. J. M. & P. Ruyters, 1986: 57. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I: terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Klug 2093 (US)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Voyria parviflora Miq.


Voyria parviflora Miq. = Voyriella parviflora (Miquel) Miq.

Reference: Maas, P. J. M. & P. Ruyters, 1986: 83. 


$


 Voyria pittieri (Standl.) L.O. Williams



Voyria pittieri (Standl.) L.O. Williams

Synonyms: Voyria pittieri Standl.
Reference: Maas, P. J. M. & P. Ruyters, 1986: 66. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 2024 (GH)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Voyria spruceana Benth.



Voyria spruceana Benth.

Synonyms: Voyria spruceana (Bentham) Gilg, Voyria spruceana (Progel) Gilg, Voyria spruceana Progel
Reference: Maas, P. J. M. & P. Ruyters, 1986: 71. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 28875 (US)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Voyria sulphurea Progel


Voyria sulphurea Progel = Voyria spruceana Benth.

Reference: FP 1342: 272; Maas, P. J. M. & P. Ruyters, 1986: 71. 
Note: Listed in synonymy with doubt by Maas & Ruyters (1986).  


$


 Voyria tenella Hook.



Voyria tenella Hook.

Synonyms: Voyria tenella (Hook.) Miq.
Reference: Maas, P. J. M. & P. Ruyters, 1986: 73. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I: terra firme forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 5691 (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Voyria truncata (Standl.) Standl. & Steyerm.



Voyria truncata (Standl.) Standl. & Steyerm.

Synonyms: Voyria truncata Standl.
Reference: Maas, P. J. M. & P. Ruyters, 1986: 80. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I: terra firme forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Hoogmoed S-30 (U)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Voyriella parviflora (Miquel) Miq.



Voyriella parviflora (Miquel) Miq.

Synonyms: Voyriella parviflora Miq.
Reference: Maas, P. J. M. & P. Ruyters, 1986: 83. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Walln&ouml;fer 113-2788 (U)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Vriesea albiflora Ule


Vriesea albiflora Ule = Vriesea rubra (Ruiz & Pav.) Beer

Reference: FP 1179: 569; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1088. 


$


 Vriesea albo-rubrobracteata Rauh



Vriesea albo-rubrobracteata Rauh

Reference: Rauh, W., 1976: 19. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: B.G.H 17453* (HEID)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Vriesea appenii Rauh



Vriesea appenii Rauh

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1188. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: shrublands. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Rauh 15420* (US), Rauh & Hirsch P-2151 (US)
Departments: Lambayeque, Piura.


$


 Vriesea aurea hort. ex Baker


Vriesea aurea hort. ex Baker = Vriesea chrysostachys var. chrysostachys 

Reference: FP 1179: 569. 


$


 Vriesea bellula Linden


Vriesea bellula Linden = Vriesea heliconioides (Kunth) Hook. ex Walp.

Reference: FP 1179: 568; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1111. 


$


 Vriesea capituligera (Griseb.) L.B. Sm. & Pittendr.



Vriesea capituligera (Griseb.) L.B. Sm. & Pittendr.

Synonyms: Vriesea capituligera Griseb.
Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1170. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean II: cloud forests, grasslands, shrublands. 1500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Foster & d'Achille 10565 (F!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, La Libertad, Pasco.


$


 Vriesea cereicola (Mez) L.B. Sm.



Vriesea cereicola (Mez) L.B. Sm.

Synonyms: Vriesea cereicola L.B. Sm., Vriesea cereicola Mez
Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1249. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Andean I-II: rocky slopes. 500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 3025* (B, MOL), Rauh 20-369 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Cajamarca, La Libertad.


$


 Vriesea chrysostachys E. Morren



Vriesea chrysostachys E. Morren

$


 Vriesea chrysostachys var.chrysostachys



Vriesea chrysostachys var. chrysostachys 

Synonyms: Vriesea chrysostachys chrysostachys (E. Morren) Baker, Vriesea chrysostachys chrysostachys Baker, Vriesea chrysostachys chrysostachys hort. ex Baker, Vriesea chrysostachys chrysostachys hort. ex Baker, Vriesea chrysostachys chrysostachys hort. ex Baker
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 569; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1094. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I: forests. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Davis s.n.* (LG), Killip & Smith 24010 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Vriesea cryptantha hort. ex Baker


Vriesea cryptantha hort. ex Baker = Vriesea chrysostachys var. chrysostachys 

Reference: FP 1179: 569. 


$


 Vriesea curvispica Rauh



Vriesea curvispica Rauh

Reference: Rauh, W., 1983: 53. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean I: 1000-1500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Rauh 52835* (HEID)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Vriesea cylindrica L.B. Sm.



Vriesea cylindrica L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1252. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Andean I-II: forests. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Rauh P-333 (US)
Departments: Lambayeque, La Libertad, Piura.


$


 Vriesea disticha Kuntze


Vriesea disticha Kuntze = Vriesea heliconioides var. heliconioides 

Reference: FP 1179: 568; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1111. 


$


 Vriesea dubia (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm. emend. L.B. Sm. & Read



Vriesea dubia (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm. emend. L.B. Sm. & Read

Synonyms: Vriesea dubia L.B. Sm.
Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. W. Read, 1977: 138. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Berlin 644 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Pasco.


$


 Vriesea falkenbergii W. Bull


Vriesea falkenbergii W. Bull = ?  

Reference: FP 1179: 568; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1111. 


$


 Vriesea gladioliflora (Wendl.) Antoine



Vriesea gladioliflora (Wendl.) Antoine

Synonyms: Vriesea gladioliflora Wendl.
Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1115. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Davidson & Jones 9806 (US)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Vriesea harmsiana (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm.



Vriesea harmsiana (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm.

Synonyms: Vriesea harmsiana L.B. Sm.
Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1253. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 3272* (F), Wurdack 1400 (US!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, La Libertad.


$


 Vriesea heliconioides (Kunth) Hook. ex Walp.



Vriesea heliconioides (Kunth) Hook. ex Walp.

$


 Vriesea heliconioides var.heliconioides



Vriesea heliconioides var. heliconioides 

Synonyms: Vriesea heliconioides heliconioides (Willd. ex Schult.f.) Beer, Vriesea heliconioides heliconioides hort., Vriesea heliconioides heliconioides Kunth, Vriesea heliconioides heliconioides Kuntze, Vriesea heliconioides heliconioides Linden
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 568; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1110. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 3228 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vriesea hitchcockiana (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm.



Vriesea hitchcockiana (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm.

Synonyms: Vriesea hitchcockiana L.B. Sm.
Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1246. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I: forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Rauh P-310 (US)
Departments: Piura.


$


 Vriesea lindenii (E. Morren) Lem.


Vriesea lindenii (E. Morren) Lem. = Tillandsia cyanea Linden ex K. Koch var. cyanea 

Reference: FP 1179: 551; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 849. 


$


 Vriesea lopezii L.B. Sm.


Vriesea lopezii L.B. Sm. = Vriesea cereicola (Mez) L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1249. 


$


 Vriesea luschnathii Mez


Vriesea luschnathii Mez = Tillandsia spiculosa var. ustulata (Reitz) L.B. Sm.

Reference: FP 1179: 535; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1034. 


$


 Vriesea maculata (Ruiz & Pav.) Beer


Vriesea maculata (Ruiz & Pav.) Beer = Tillandsia maculata Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 1179: 557; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 732. 


$


 Vriesea ochracea Rauh & E. Gross



Vriesea ochracea Rauh & E. Gross

Reference: Rauh, W. & E. Gross, 1987: 196. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: forests. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Lau s.n.* (HEID)
Departments: Pasco.


$


 Vriesea olmosana L.B. Sm.



Vriesea olmosana L.B. Sm.

$


 Vriesea olmosana var.olmosana



Vriesea olmosana var. olmosana 

Reference: Rauh, W., 1983: 29. 
Ecology. 500-1500 m. 
Voucher: Rauh P333* (US), Rauh 24331 (HEID)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lambayeque, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vriesea oxapampae Rauh



Vriesea oxapampae Rauh

Reference: Rauh, W., 1976: 22. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: forests. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Lau s.n.* (HEID)
Departments: Pasco.


$


 Vriesea patula (Mez) L.B. Sm.



Vriesea patula (Mez) L.B. Sm.

Synonyms: Vriesea patula Mez
Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1248. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic or terrestrial herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 24349* (US!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Vriesea pereziana (Andr&eacute;) L.B. Sm.



Vriesea pereziana (Andr&eacute;) L.B. Sm.

$


 Vriesea pereziana var.canescens (Andr&eacute;) Gilmartin



Vriesea pereziana var. canescens (Andr&eacute;) Gilmartin

Synonyms: Vriesea pereziana var. canescens Andr&eacute;
Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1258. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui 6001 (TRP)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Vriesea piepenbringii Rauh



Vriesea piepenbringii Rauh

Reference: Rauh, W., 1983: 44. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean I: riversides. 1000-1500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Rauh 53548* (HEID)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Vriesea pleiosticha (Griseb.) Gouda


Vriesea pleiosticha (Griseb.) Gouda = Mezobromelia pleiosticha (Griseb.) Utley & H. Luther

Reference: Gouda, E. J., 1987: 82; Utley, J. F. & H. Luther, 1991: 270. 


$


 Vriesea rauhii L.B. Sm.



Vriesea rauhii L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1248. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Rauh P-330* (US)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Vriesea roezlii hort. Linden ex E. Morren


Vriesea roezlii hort. Linden ex E. Morren = Tillandsia roezlii E. Morren

Reference: FP 1179: 563; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 705. 


$


 Vriesea rubra (Ruiz & Pav.) Beer



Vriesea rubra (Ruiz & Pav.) Beer

Synonyms: Vriesea rubra (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) E. Morren ex Baker, Vriesea rubra Mez, Vriesea rubra Ruiz & Pav., Vriesea rubra Ule
Reference: Flora Peru: 1179: 558; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1088. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 4265 (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Vriesea sagasteguii L.B. Sm.



Vriesea sagasteguii L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1252. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: L&oacute;pez & Sag&aacute;stegui 5175* (TRP, US!), Rauh 20059 (US!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Vriesea subandina (Ule) L.B. Sm. & Pittendr.



Vriesea subandina (Ule) L.B. Sm. & Pittendr.

Synonyms: Vriesea subandina (Ule) Mez ex L.B. Sm., Vriesea subandina Ule
Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1097. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ule 6684* (B)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Vriesea tarmaensis Rauh



Vriesea tarmaensis Rauh

Reference: Rauh, W., 1983: 33. 
Ecology. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Rauh 21147* (HEID), Rauh 20952 (HEID)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Vriesea tequendamae (Andr&eacute;) L.B. Sm.



Vriesea tequendamae (Andr&eacute;) L.B. Sm.

Synonyms: Vriesea tequendamae Andr&eacute;
Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1255. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean II: forests. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Wurdack 1649 (US!, USM!)
Departments: Amazonas, Piura.


$


 Vriesea tillandsioides L.B. Sm.



Vriesea tillandsioides L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1253. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Rauh P-304* (US)
Departments: Piura.


$


 Vriesea viridis E. Morren ex Baker


Vriesea viridis E. Morren ex Baker = Tillandsia spiculosa var. ustulata (Reitz) L.B. Sm.

Reference: FP 1179: 535; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1034. 


$


 Vriesea zamorensis (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm.



Vriesea zamorensis (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm.

Synonyms: Vriesea zamorensis L.B. Sm.
Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 1098. 
Ecology. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 12670A (MO!, USM!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Vuapa acaciifolia (Benth.) Kuntze


Vuapa acaciifolia (Benth.) Kuntze = Macrolobium acaciifolium (Benth.) Benth.

Reference: Cowan, R. S., 1953: 282. 


$


 Vuapa bifolia (Aubl.) J. St. Hilaire


Vuapa bifolia (Aubl.) J. St. Hilaire = Macrolobium bifolium (Aubl.) Pers.

Reference: Cowan, R. S., 1953: 310. 


$


 Vuapa gracilis (Spruce ex Benth.) Kuntze


Vuapa gracilis (Spruce ex Benth.) Kuntze = Macrolobium gracile Spruce ex Benth. var. gracile 

Reference: Cowan, R. S., 1953: 275. 


$


 Vuapa multijuga (DC.) Kuntze


Vuapa multijuga (DC.) Kuntze = Macrolobium multijugum (DC.) Benth. var. multijugum 

Reference: Cowan, R. S., 1953: 294. 


$


 Vuapa punctata (Spruce ex Benth.) Kuntze


Vuapa punctata (Spruce ex Benth.) Kuntze = Macrolobium punctatum Spruce ex Benth.

Reference: Cowan, R. S., 1953: 305. 


$


 Vuapa unijuga (Poepp.) Kuntze


Vuapa unijuga (Poepp.) Kuntze = Macrolobium limbatum Spruce ex Benth. var. limbatum 

Reference: Cowan, R. S., 1953: 308; Cowan, R. S., 1955: 113. 


$


 Vulpia australis (Nees ex Steud.) C. Blom



Vulpia australis (Nees ex Steud.) C. Blom

Synonyms: Vulpia australis Nees ex Steud.
Reference: Parodi, L. R., 1956: 80. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II: grasslands, lomas, riversides. 1000-3500 m. 
Voucher: S&aacute;nchez  2929 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Lima, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Vulpia bromoides (L.) Gray



Vulpia bromoides (L.) Gray

Synonyms: Vulpia bromoides L.
Reference: Lonard, R. I. & F. W. Gould, 1974: 227. 
Ecology: Introduced herb. Andean II-III: rocky slopes, shrublands. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Conrad 2740 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, Lambayeque, La Libertad.


$


 Vulpia megalura (Nutt.) Rydb.


Vulpia megalura (Nutt.) Rydb. = Vulpia myuros var. hirsuta Hack.

Reference: Lonard, R. I. & F. W. Gould, 1974: 229. 


$


 Vulpia microstachys (Nutt.) Munro



Vulpia microstachys (Nutt.) Munro

Synonyms: Vulpia microstachys Nutt.
Reference: Lonard, R. I. & F. W. Gould, 1974: 224. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: disturbed areas. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: S&aacute;nchez  2929 (F!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C. Gmel.



Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C. Gmel.

$


 Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C. Gmel. var.myuros



Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C. Gmel. var. myuros 

Synonyms: Vulpia myuros myuros L.
Reference: Lonard, R. I. & F. W. Gould, 1974: 228. 
Ecology: Introduced herb. Andean I-III: rocky slopes, shrublands. 500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Solomon 3035 (F!)
Departments: Ancash, Arequipa, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, La Libertad.


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 Vulpia myuros var.hirsuta Hack.



Vulpia myuros var. hirsuta Hack.

Synonyms: Vulpia myuros hirsuta (Nutt.) Rydb., Vulpia myuros hirsuta Nutt.
Reference: Lonard, R. I. & F. W. Gould, 1974: 229; Tovar, O., 1981: 113. 
Ecology: Introduced herb. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, grasslands, lomas. 2000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Cerrate 1357 (US!)
Departments: Ancash, Arequipa, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Lima.


$


 Wageneria deflexa Klotzsch


Wageneria deflexa Klotzsch = Begonia glabra var. glabra 

Reference: FP 747: 190; Smith, L. B. & D. C. Wasshausen, 1986: 14; Smith, L. B., D. C. Wasshausen, J. Golding & C. E. Karegeannes, 1986: 172, 276. 


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 Wageneria glabra (Aubl.) Klotzsch


Wageneria glabra (Aubl.) Klotzsch = Begonia glabra var. glabra 

Reference: FP 747: 190; Smith, L. B. & D. C. Wasshausen, 1986: 14; Smith, L. B., D. C. Wasshausen, J. Golding & C. E. Karegeannes, 1986: 172, 276. 


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 Wageneria lucida (Otto & Dietrich) Klotzsch


Wageneria lucida (Otto & Dietrich) Klotzsch = Begonia glabra var. glabra 

Reference: FP 747: 190; Smith, L. B. & D. C. Wasshausen, 1986: 14; Smith, L. B., D. C. Wasshausen, J. Golding & C. E. Karegeannes, 1986: 172, 276. 


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 Wageneria montana Klotzsch


Wageneria montana Klotzsch = Begonia glabra var. glabra 

Reference: FP 747: 190; Smith, L. B. & D. C. Wasshausen, 1986: 14; Smith, L. B., D. C. Wasshausen, J. Golding & C. E. Karegeannes, 1986: 172, 276. 


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 Wahlenbergia arida (Kunth) Griseb.



Wahlenbergia arida (Kunth) Griseb.

Synonyms: Wahlenbergia arida (Kunth) A. DC., Wahlenbergia arida Kunth, Wahlenbergia arida Schltdl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 386; Jeppesen, S., 1981: 6. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: grasslands. 2500-3500 m. 
Note: Jeppesen (1981a) treats this as a synonym of W. linarioides.  
Voucher: Woytkowski 34179 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


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 Wahlenbergia calycina Schltdl.


Wahlenbergia calycina Schltdl. = Wahlenbergia arida (Kunth) Griseb.

Reference: FP 1381: 386. 
Note: The Flora of Peru uses an incorrect author citation.  


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 Wahlenbergia globularis E. Wimm.



Wahlenbergia globularis E. Wimm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 386. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: L&oacute;pez et al. 7869 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


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 Wahlenbergia linarioides (Lam.) A. DC.



Wahlenbergia linarioides (Lam.) A. DC.

Synonyms: Wahlenbergia linarioides Lam., Wahlenbergia linarioides Molina


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 Wahlenbergia linarioides var. arida (Kunth) A. DC.


Wahlenbergia linarioides var. arida (Kunth) A. DC. = Wahlenbergia arida (Kunth) Griseb.

Reference: FP 1381: 386; Jeppesen, S., 1981: 6. 


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 Wahlenbergia linarioides var.filiformis (Ruiz & Pav.) A. DC.



Wahlenbergia linarioides var. filiformis (Ruiz & Pav.) A. DC.

Synonyms: Wahlenbergia linarioides filiformis Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 387. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


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 Wahlenbergia linarioides var.linarioides



Wahlenbergia linarioides var. linarioides 

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 387; Jeppesen, S., 1981: 6. 
Note: Breweria linifolia is Convolvulaceae. 


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 Wahlenbergia peruviana A. Gray



Wahlenbergia peruviana A. Gray

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 387. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: grasslands, rocky slopes, shrublands. 3000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Smith et al. 12313 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, Cuzco, La Libertad.


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 Wahlenbergia urcosensis E. Wimm.



Wahlenbergia urcosensis E. Wimm.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1381: 388. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


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 Wallisia lindenii (E. Morren) E. Morren


Wallisia lindenii (E. Morren) E. Morren = Tillandsia cyanea Linden ex K. Koch var. cyanea 

Reference: FP 1179: 551; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1977: 849. 
Note: nom. provis.  


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 Waltheria americana L.


Waltheria americana L. = Waltheria indica L.

Reference: FP 1304: 629; Soukup, J., 1974: 72. 


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 Waltheria erioclada DC.


Waltheria erioclada DC. = ?  

Reference: FP 1304: 629; J. Saunders, pers. comm.. 
Note: NN  


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 Waltheria indica L.



Waltheria indica L.

Synonyms: Waltheria indica L.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1304: 629; Soukup, J., 1974: 72. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Coastal: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 22548 (MO!)
Departments: Arequipa, Cuzco, Lambayeque.


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 Waltheria ovata Cav.



Waltheria ovata Cav.

Synonyms: Waltheria ovata Hook. f., Waltheria ovata Turcz.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1304: 630; Wiggins, I. L. & D. M. Porter, 1971: 757. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Andean I-II: disturbed areas. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Jussieu s.n.* , Sag&aacute;stegui 10905 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Ayacucho, Hu&aacute;nuco, Lima, Piura.


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 Waltheria reticulata Hook. f.


Waltheria reticulata Hook. f. = Waltheria ovata Cav.

Reference: FP 1304: 630; Wiggins, I. L. & D. M. Porter, 1971: 757. 


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 Waltheria sericea Turcz.


Waltheria sericea Turcz. = Waltheria ovata Cav.

Reference: FP 1304: 630; Wiggins, I. L. & D. M. Porter, 1971: 757. 


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 Warrea hookeriana (Reichenbach f.) Rolfe



Warrea hookeriana (Reichenbach f.) Rolfe

Synonyms: Warrea hookeriana Rchb. f.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 578; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. . 
Voucher: Mathews s.n.* 


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 Warrea speciosa Schltr.


Warrea speciosa Schltr. = Warrea warreana (Loddiges ex Lindl.) C. Schweinf.

Reference: FP 1473: 578; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


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 Warrea tricolor Lindl.


Warrea tricolor Lindl. = Koellensteinia tricolor (Lindl.) Rchb. f.

Reference: FP 1473: 578; Dodson, pers. comm.. 


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 Warrea warreana (Loddiges ex Lindl.) C. Schweinf.



Warrea warreana (Loddiges ex Lindl.) C. Schweinf.

Synonyms: Warrea warreana Loddiges ex Lindl., Warrea warreana Schltr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 578; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Pastorelli illus.  


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 Warscewiczella amazonica Rchb. f. & Warsz.


Warscewiczella amazonica Rchb. f. & Warsz. = Cochleanthes amazonica (Rchb. f. & Warsz.) R.E. Schult. & Garay

Reference: FP 1473: 655; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


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 Warscewiczella lindenii (Rolfe) Hort.


Warscewiczella lindenii (Rolfe) Hort. = Cochleanthes amazonica (Rchb. f. & Warsz.) R.E. Schult. & Garay

Reference: Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 30. 


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 Warszewiczia ambigua Standl.



Warszewiczia ambigua Standl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 59. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 500-1000 m. 
Note: This is probably synonymous with Elaegia obovata Rusby of Bolivia. 
Voucher: Ule 6375* (HBG photo F!), Schunke 10209 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Warszewiczia coccinea (Vahl) Klotzsch



Warszewiczia coccinea (Vahl) Klotzsch

Synonyms: Warszewiczia coccinea Klotzsch, Warszewiczia coccinea Vahl, Warszewiczia coccinea Wedd.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 59; Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 331. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree, vine. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests on white sand, grasslands, riversides. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Ayala & Origgi 5916 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Warszewiczia cordata Spruce ex K. Schum.



Warszewiczia cordata Spruce ex K. Schum.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 60. 
Ecology: Native liana, shrub, treelet, vine. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 4898* (B photo F), Ferreyra 4684 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Warszewiczia maynensis Wedd.


Warszewiczia maynensis Wedd. = Warszewiczia coccinea (Vahl) Klotzsch

Reference: FP 1365: 59; Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 331. 


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 Warszewiczia obovata Ducke


Warszewiczia obovata Ducke = Calycophyllum obovatum (Ducke) Ducke

Reference: Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 197. 


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 Warszewiczia poeppigiana Klotzsch


Warszewiczia poeppigiana Klotzsch = Warszewiczia coccinea (Vahl) Klotzsch

Reference: FP 1365: 59; Steyermark, J. A., 1974: 331. 


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 Warszewiczia schwackei Schum.



Warszewiczia schwackei Schum.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1365: 60. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 6840 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Pasco.


$


 Washingtonia mexicana (Griseb.) Rose


Washingtonia mexicana (Griseb.) Rose = Osmorhiza mexicana subsp. mexicana 

Reference: FP 1293: 88; Lowry II, P. P. & A. J. Jones, 1984: 1158. 


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 Weberbauera bracteata (O.E. Schulz) J.F. Macbr.



Weberbauera bracteata (O.E. Schulz) J.F. Macbr.

Synonyms: Weberbauera bracteata O.E. Schulz
Reference: Flora Peru: 614: 972; Al-Shehbaz, I. A., 1990: 237. 
Ecology. 4000-4500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 7234* (B photo F!)
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Weberbauera colchaguensis (Barneoud) Al-Shehbaz



Weberbauera colchaguensis (Barneoud) Al-Shehbaz

Synonyms: Weberbauera colchaguensis (Gillies ex Hook. & Arn. in Hook.) O.E. Schulz, Weberbauera colchaguensis Gillies ex Hook. & Arn. in Hook.
Reference: Al-Shehbaz, I. A., 1990: 241. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Weberbauera densiflora Gilg & Muschl.


Weberbauera densiflora Gilg & Muschl. = Weberbauera spathulifolia (A. Gray) O.E. Schulz

Reference: FP 614: 972; Al-Shehbaz, I. A., 1990: 227. 


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 Weberbauera herzogii (O.E. Schulz) Al-Shehbaz



Weberbauera herzogii (O.E. Schulz) Al-Shehbaz

Synonyms: Weberbauera herzogii O.E. Schulz
Reference: Al-Shehbaz, I. A., 1990: 236. 
Ecology. 3000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Shepard 38 (GH!)
Departments: Puno.


$


 Weberbauera minutipila Al-Shaehbaz



Weberbauera minutipila Al-Shaehbaz

Reference: Al-Shehbaz, I. A., 1990: 231. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean III: rocky slopes. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Iltis & Ugent 1455* (GH!), Iltis & Ugent 1415 (WIS!)
Departments: Arequipa.


$


 Weberbauera perforata Al-Shehbaz



Weberbauera perforata Al-Shehbaz

Reference: Al-Shehbaz, I. A., 1990: 841. 
Ecology.  > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Hirsch P1255* (GH!), Hirsch P1215 (GH!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Weberbauera pusilla (Gillies ex Hook. & Arn. in Hook.) O.E. Schulz


Weberbauera pusilla (Gillies ex Hook. & Arn. in Hook.) O.E. Schulz = Weberbauera colchaguensis (Barneoud) Al-Shehbaz

Reference: FP 614: 972; Al-Shehbaz, I. A., 1990: 241. 
Note: NN  


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 Weberbauera smithii Al-Shehbaz



Weberbauera smithii Al-Shehbaz

Reference: Al-Shehbaz, I. A., 1990: 233. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean III: grasslands.  > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Smith & Goodwin 8894* (MO!), Smith 11298A (MO!)
Departments: Ancash.


$


 Weberbauera spathulifolia (A. Gray) O.E. Schulz



Weberbauera spathulifolia (A. Gray) O.E. Schulz

Synonyms: Weberbauera spathulifolia (Gray) O.E. Schulz, Weberbauera spathulifolia A. Gray, Weberbauera spathulifolia Fourn., Weberbauera spathulifolia Gilg & Muschl., Weberbauera spathulifolia Muschl., Weberbauera spathulifolia Walp.
Reference: Flora Peru: 614: 972; Al-Shehbaz, I. A., 1990: 227. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean III: grasslands, shrublands. 3500- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Wilkes Exped. s.n.* (US!), Smith et al. 9670 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Moquegua, Pasco, Puno.


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 Weberbauera spathulifolia var. integrifolia (Gray) O.E. Schulz


Weberbauera spathulifolia var. integrifolia (Gray) O.E. Schulz = Weberbauera spathulifolia (A. Gray) O.E. Schulz

Reference: FP 614: 973; Al-Shehbaz, I. A., 1990: 227. 


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 Weberbauera trichocarpa (Muschl.) J.F. Macbr.



Weberbauera trichocarpa (Muschl.) J.F. Macbr.

Synonyms: Weberbauera trichocarpa (Muschler) Gilg & Muschl., Weberbauera trichocarpa (Muschler) O.E. Schulz, Weberbauera trichocarpa Muschl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 614: 973; Al-Shehbaz, I. A., 1990: 240. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean III: rocky slopes. 4000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 5119* (B!), Macbride 2990 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Pasco.


$


 Weberbauerella brongniartioides Ulbr.



Weberbauerella brongniartioides Ulbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 408; Ferreyra, R., 1951: 1. 
Ecology: Endemic herb, subshrub. Coastal: forests, lomas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 1513* (B photo F!), Ferreyra 18656 (USM!)
Departments: Arequipa.


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 Weberbauerella raimondiana Ferreyra



Weberbauerella raimondiana Ferreyra

Reference: Ferreyra, R., 1951: 2. 
Ecology: Endemic herb, subshrub. Coastal: lomas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 6498* (US, USM), Hutchison 1896 (MO!)
Departments: Arequipa.


$


 Weberbaueriella johnstoniana Ferreyra


Weberbaueriella johnstoniana Ferreyra = Chucoa ilicifolia Cabrera

$


 Weberbauerocereus albus F. Ritter


Weberbauerocereus albus F. Ritter = Weberbauerocereus longicomus F. Ritter

Reference: Ritter, F., 1981: 1349; Hunt, D., 1992: 139. 
Note: Treated as an accepted species by Ritter (1981).  


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 Weberbauerocereus cephalomacrostibas (Werdermann & Backeberg) F. Ritter


Weberbauerocereus cephalomacrostibas (Werdermann & Backeberg) F. Ritter = Echinopsis cephalomacrostibas (Werdermann & Backeberg) Friedrich & G. Rowley

Reference: Ritter, F., 1981: 1353; Hunt, D., 1992: 139. 


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 Weberbauerocereus churinensis F. Ritter



Weberbauerocereus churinensis F. Ritter

Reference: Ritter, F., 1981: 1351; Hunt, D., 1992: 139. 
Ecology: Endemic Clustered, globular cactus. Andean II: rocky slopes, shrublands. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Accepted provisionally by Hunt (1992).  
Voucher: Ritter 685* (U)
Departments: Lima.


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 Weberbauerocereus crassiarborescens F. Ritter


Weberbauerocereus crassiarborescens F. Ritter = Weberbauerocereus cuzcoensis Knize

Reference: Ritter, F., 1981: 1357. 
Note: Listed under var. cuzcoensis by Ritter (1981).  


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 Weberbauerocereus cuzcoensis Knize



Weberbauerocereus cuzcoensis Knize

Synonyms: Weberbauerocereus cuzcoensis F. Ritter, Weberbauerocereus cuzcoensis F. Ritter, Weberbauerocereus cuzcoensis F. Ritter, Weberbauerocereus cuzcoensis F. Ritter
Reference: Knize, K., 1968: 256; Ritter, F., 1981: 1357; Hunt, D., 1992: 139. 
Ecology: Endemic Erect, branched or columnar cactus. Andean I-II: dry valleys, rocky slopes. 500-2000 m. 
Note: Treated by Ritter (1981) with two varieties: cuzcoensis and tenuiarborescens. 
Voucher: Knize 918* (ZSS), Ritter 662 (U)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac.


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 Weberbauerocereus cuzcoensis var. tenuiarboreus F. Ritter


Weberbauerocereus cuzcoensis var. tenuiarboreus F. Ritter = Weberbauerocereus cuzcoensis Knize

Reference: Ritter, F., 1981: 1358. 


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 Weberbauerocereus fascicularis (Britton & Rose) Backeb.


Weberbauerocereus fascicularis (Britton & Rose) Backeb. = Weberbauerocereus weberbaueri (Schumann ex Vaupel) Backeb.

Reference: Rauh, W., 1958: 453; Ritter, F., 1981: 1354. 
Note: Treated under var. weberbaueri by Ritter (1981).  


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 Weberbauerocereus fascicularis var. horridispinus (Rauh & Backeberg) F. Ritter


Weberbauerocereus fascicularis var. horridispinus (Rauh & Backeberg) F. Ritter = Weberbauerocereus weberbaueri (Schumann ex Vaupel) Backeb.

Reference: Ritter, F., 1981: 1356. 


$


 Weberbauerocereus horridispinus Rauh & Backeb.


Weberbauerocereus horridispinus Rauh & Backeb. = Weberbauerocereus weberbaueri (Schumann ex Vaupel) Backeb.

Reference: Backeberg, C., 1956: 27; Rauh, W., 1958: 460; Ritter, F., 1981: 1356. 
Note: Treated under var. horridispinus by Ritter (1981).  


$


 Weberbauerocereus johnsonii F. Ritter



Weberbauerocereus johnsonii F. Ritter

Reference: Ritter, F., 1981: 1348; Hunt, D., 1992: 139. 
Ecology: Endemic Clustered, globular cactus. Andean II: rocky slopes, shrublands. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: Accepted provisionally by Hunt (1992).  
Voucher: Ritter 570* (U)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Weberbauerocereus longicomus F. Ritter



Weberbauerocereus longicomus F. Ritter

Synonyms: Weberbauerocereus longicomus F. Ritter
Reference: Ritter, F., 1981: 1350; Hunt, D., 1992: 139. 
Ecology: Endemic Erect, branched or columnar cactus. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ritter 656* (U), Ritter 571 (U)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca.


$


 Weberbauerocereus rauhii Backeb.



Weberbauerocereus rauhii Backeb.

Synonyms: Weberbauerocereus rauhii Rauh
Reference: Backeberg, C., 1956: 27; Rauh, W., 1958: 456; Ritter, F., 1981: 1352. 
Ecology: Endemic Clustered, globular cactus. Andean I-II, Coastal: rocky slopes, shrublands. 500-2500 m. 
Note: Accepted provisionally by Hunt (1992).  Treated by Ritter (1981) with two varieties: rauhii and laticornua. 
Voucher: Rauh K107 [1956]* (ZSS), Ritter 154 (U)
Departments: Arequipa, Huancavelica.


$


 Weberbauerocereus rauhii var. laticornua Rauh


Weberbauerocereus rauhii var. laticornua Rauh = Weberbauerocereus rauhii Backeb.

Reference: Rauh, W., 1958: 460; Ritter, F., 1981: 1353. 
Note: Treated as an accepted taxon by Ritter (1981).  


$


 Weberbauerocereus seyboldianus Rauh & Backeb.


Weberbauerocereus seyboldianus Rauh & Backeb. = Weberbauerocereus weberbaueri (Schumann ex Vaupel) Backeb.

Reference: Backeberg, C., 1956: 27; Rauh, W., 1958: 454; Ritter, F., 1981: 1354. 
Note: Treated under var. weberbaueri by Ritter (1981).  


$


 Weberbauerocereus torataensis F. Ritter



Weberbauerocereus torataensis F. Ritter

Reference: Ritter, F., 1981: 1357; Hunt, D., 1992: 139. 
Ecology: Endemic Erect, branched or columnar cactus. Andean II: rocky slopes, shrublands. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Accepted provisionally by Hunt (1992).  
Voucher: Ritter 194* (U)
Departments: Moquegua.


$


 Weberbauerocereus weberbaueri (Schumann ex Vaupel) Backeb.



Weberbauerocereus weberbaueri (Schumann ex Vaupel) Backeb.

Synonyms: Weberbauerocereus weberbaueri (Britton & Rose) Backeb., Weberbauerocereus weberbaueri (Rauh & Backeb.) F. Ritter, Weberbauerocereus weberbaueri (Rauh & Backeberg) F. Ritter, Weberbauerocereus weberbaueri (Schumann ex Vaupel) D.R. Hunt, Weberbauerocereus weberbaueri Britton & Rose, Weberbauerocereus weberbaueri Rauh & Backeb., Weberbauerocereus weberbaueri Rauh & Backeb., Weberbauerocereus weberbaueri Rauh & Backeb., Weberbauerocereus weberbaueri Rauh & Backeb., Weberbauerocereus weberbaueri Rauh & Backeb., Weberbauerocereus weberbaueri Schumann ex Vaupel
Reference: Backeberg, C., 1956: 27; Rauh, W., 1958: 461; Ritter, F., 1981: 1354. 
Ecology: Native Erect, branched cactus. Andean II: rocky slopes. 2000-3000 m. 
Note: Treated by Ritter (1981) with two varieties: weberbaueri and horridispinus. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 1413* (B), Ritter 129 (U)
Departments: Arequipa.


$


 Weberbauerocereus weberbaueri var. aureifuscus Rauh & Backeb.


Weberbauerocereus weberbaueri var. aureifuscus Rauh & Backeb. = Weberbauerocereus weberbaueri (Schumann ex Vaupel) Backeb.

Reference: Backeberg, C., 1956: 27; Rauh, W., 1958: 462; Ritter, F., 1981: 1354. 
Note: Treated under var. weberbaueri by Ritter (1981).  


$


 Weberbauerocereus weberbaueri var. horribilis Rauh & Backeb.


Weberbauerocereus weberbaueri var. horribilis Rauh & Backeb. = Weberbauerocereus weberbaueri (Schumann ex Vaupel) Backeb.

Reference: Backeberg, C., 1956: 27; Rauh, W., 1958: 464; Ritter, F., 1981: 1354. 
Note: Treated under var. weberbaueri by Ritter (1981).  


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 Weberbauerocereus weberbaueri var. horridispinus (Rauh & Backeb.) F. Ritter


Weberbauerocereus weberbaueri var. horridispinus (Rauh & Backeb.) F. Ritter = Weberbauerocereus weberbaueri (Schumann ex Vaupel) Backeb.

Reference: Ritter, F., 1981: 1356. 
Note: Treated as an accepted taxon by Ritter (1981).  


$


 Weberbauerocereus weberbaueri var. humilior Rauh & Backeb.


Weberbauerocereus weberbaueri var. humilior Rauh & Backeb. = Weberbauerocereus weberbaueri (Schumann ex Vaupel) Backeb.

Reference: Backeberg, C., 1956: 27; Rauh, W., 1958: 465; Ritter, F., 1981: 1354. 
Note: Treated under var. weberbaueri by Ritter (1981).  


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 Weberbauerocereus winterianus F. Ritter



Weberbauerocereus winterianus F. Ritter

Synonyms: Weberbauerocereus winterianus F. Ritter
Reference: Ritter, F., 1981: 1347; Hunt, D., 1992: 139. 
Ecology: Endemic Erect, branched or columnar cactus. Andean I-II: rocky slopes, shrublands. 1000-2000 m. 
Note: Treated by Ritter (1981) with two varieties: winterianus and australis. 
Voucher: Ritter 165* (U), Ritter 1066 (U)
Departments: Ancash, La Libertad.


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 Weberbauerocereus winterianus var. australis F. Ritter


Weberbauerocereus winterianus var. australis F. Ritter = Weberbauerocereus winterianus F. Ritter

Reference: Ritter, F., 1981: 1348. 
Note: Treated as an accepted taxon by Ritter (1981).  


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$



$


 Wedelia calycina Rich.



Wedelia calycina Rich.

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 Wedelia episcopalis H. Rob.



Wedelia episcopalis H. Rob.

Reference: Robinson, H., 1983: 55. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, subshrub. Andean I: forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: King & Bishop 9095* (US)
Departments: Cajamarca.


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 Wedelia forbesii S. Moore



Wedelia forbesii S. Moore

Reference: Moore, A. H. & S. M. Moore, 1914: 264. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Forbes s.n.* (BM)
Departments: La Libertad.


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 Wedelia gaudichaudii DC.



Wedelia gaudichaudii DC.

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 Wedelia grandiflora Benth.



Wedelia grandiflora Benth.

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 Wedelia helianthoides Kunth



Wedelia helianthoides Kunth

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 Wedelia hoffmanniana F. Bruns



Wedelia hoffmanniana F. Bruns

Reference: Bruns, F., 1929: 79. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gunther & Buchtien 46* & 47* (HBG photo F)
Departments: Arequipa.


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 Wedelia incarnata (L.) Kuntze


Wedelia incarnata (L.) Kuntze = Allionia incarnata L.

Reference: FP 1258: 535. 


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 Wedelia jelskii Hieron.



Wedelia jelskii Hieron.

Reference: Hieronymus, G., 1905: 488. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. . 
Voucher: Jelski 662* (US!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


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 Wedelia latifolia DC.



Wedelia latifolia DC.

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$


 Wedelia psammophila Poepp.


Wedelia psammophila Poepp. = Eclipta prostrata (L.) L.

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 Wedelia titicacensis Meyen & Walp.


Wedelia titicacensis Meyen & Walp. = Vasquezia titicacensis (Meyen & Walp.) S.F. Blake

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 Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc.


Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc. = Complaya trilobata (L.) Strother

Reference: Strother, J. L., 1991: 14. 


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 Wedeliella incarnata (L.) Cockerell


Wedeliella incarnata (L.) Cockerell = Allionia incarnata L.

Reference: FP 1258: 535. 


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 Weigeltia kayapii Lundell



Weigeltia kayapii Lundell

Reference: Lundell, C. L., 1980: 118. 
Ecology: Native shrub, subshrub. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Note: Pipoly (pers. comm.) considers this species better placed under Cybianthus. 
Voucher: Kayap 723* (MO!), Ancuash 211 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Weigeltia nanayensis J.F. Macbr.


Weigeltia nanayensis J.F. Macbr. = Cybianthus nanayensis (J.F. Macbr.) G. Agostini

Reference: FP 1335: 181; Agostini, G., 1980: 160. 


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 Weigeltia silvestris J.F. Macbr.


Weigeltia silvestris J.F. Macbr. = Cybianthus nanayensis (J.F. Macbr.) G. Agostini

Reference: FP 1335: 181. 


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 Weingartia chilensis (Backeb.) Backeb.


Weingartia chilensis (Backeb.) Backeb. = Neowerdermannia chilensis Backeb.

Reference: Hunt, D., 1992: 140. 


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 Weingartia neocumingii Backeb.


Weingartia neocumingii Backeb. = Rebutia neocumingii (Backeb.) D.R. Hunt

Reference: Hunt, D. & N. Taylor, 1987: 94; Hunt, D., 1992: 141. 


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 Weinmannia alnifolia Dombey ex J. F. Macbride


Weinmannia alnifolia Dombey ex J. F. Macbride = Weinmannia heterophylla Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 634: 1054; Bernardi, L., 1963: 300. 


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 Weinmannia apurimacensis O. Schmidt



Weinmannia apurimacensis O. Schmidt

Reference: Flora Peru: 634: 1048; Bernardi, L., 1961: 169. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, tree. Andean II: forests. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   
Voucher: Raimondi 11331* (B)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac.


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 Weinmannia auriculata D. Don



Weinmannia auriculata D. Don

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 Weinmannia auriculata var.auriculata



Weinmannia auriculata var. auriculata 

Synonyms: Weinmannia auriculata auriculata Diels, Weinmannia auriculata auriculata Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 634: 1048; Bernardi, L., 1963: 323. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean II: cloud forests. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* , Smith 8130 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Weinmannia auriculata var.dryadifolia (Moricand) Bernardi



Weinmannia auriculata var. dryadifolia (Moricand) Bernardi

Synonyms: Weinmannia auriculata dryadifolia Moricand
Reference: Bernardi, L., 1963: 325. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Andean II: forests. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (G photo F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


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 Weinmannia auriculata var. glabra J.F. Macbr.


Weinmannia auriculata var. glabra J.F. Macbr. = Weinmannia elliptica var. elliptica 

Reference: FP 634: 1049; Bernardi, L., 1963: 297. 


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 Weinmannia auriculifera Hieron.



Weinmannia auriculifera Hieron.

Synonyms: Weinmannia auriculifera J.F. Macbr., Weinmannia auriculifera Kunth
Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1948: 202; Bernardi, L., 1963: 320. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Weinmannia ayavacensis O. Schmidt


Weinmannia ayavacensis O. Schmidt = Weinmannia pubescens var. popayanensis (Hieron.) Killip & A.C. Sm.

Reference: FP 634: 1049; Bernardi, L., 1961: 141. 


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 Weinmannia baccariniana Pamp.


Weinmannia baccariniana Pamp. = Weinmannia microphylla var. microphylla 

Reference: FP 634: 1056; Bernardi, L., 1961: 175. 


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 Weinmannia balbisiana Kunth



Weinmannia balbisiana Kunth

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 Weinmannia balbisiana Kunth var.balbisiana



Weinmannia balbisiana Kunth var. balbisiana 

Reference: Flora Peru: 634: 1049; Bernardi, L., 1963: 311. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean II: forests. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 1306 (B)
Departments: Puno.


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 Weinmannia balbisiana var.roraimensis (Pamp.) Bernardi



Weinmannia balbisiana var. roraimensis (Pamp.) Bernardi

Synonyms: Weinmannia balbisiana var. roraimensis Pamp.
Reference: Bernardi, L., 1963: 315. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean II: cloud forests, disturbed areas, shrublands. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Smith & Canne 5950 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Weinmannia bangii Rusby



Weinmannia bangii Rusby

Reference: Bernardi, L., 1963: 325. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean II: forests. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Smith et al. 7827 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Pasco.


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 Weinmannia bifida fo. alata Pamp.


Weinmannia bifida fo. alata Pamp. = Weinmannia spruceana Engl.

Reference: FP 634: 1061; Bernardi, L., 1961: 138. 


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 Weinmannia bifida Poepp. ex Engl.


Weinmannia bifida Poepp. ex Engl. = Weinmannia pentaphylla Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 634: 1058; Bernardi, L., 1961: 136. 


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 Weinmannia brachystachya Willd. ex Engl.



Weinmannia brachystachya Willd. ex Engl.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1948: 198; Bernardi, L., 1961: 179. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean II: cloud forests, disturbed areas. 2000-3000 m. 
Note:   
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez & Luna 8866 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


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 Weinmannia caripensis Kunth


Weinmannia caripensis Kunth = Weinmannia glabra var. caripensis (Kunth) Engl.

Reference: Bernardi, L., 1961: 158. 


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 Weinmannia chryseis Diels



Weinmannia chryseis Diels

Synonyms: Weinmannia chryseis Cuatrec.
Reference: Flora Peru: 634: 1049; Bernardi, L., 1961: 145. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, treelet. Andean II-III: grasslands, shrublands. 1500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 4418* (G photo F!), Woytkowski 6450 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco, Piura.


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 Weinmannia cinerea Ruiz & Pav.



Weinmannia cinerea Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Weinmannia cinerea Moricand ex Seringe, Weinmannia cinerea Ruiz ex D. Don
Reference: Flora Peru: 634: 1050; Bernardi, L., 1961: 167. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean II: cloud forests. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (B photo MO!), Smith et al. 7872 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Pasco.


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 Weinmannia cordata D. Don


Weinmannia cordata D. Don = Weinmannia heterophylla Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 634: 1054; Bernardi, L., 1963: 300. 


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 Weinmannia crassifolia fo.latifolia Pamp.



Weinmannia crassifolia fo. latifolia Pamp.

Reference: Bernardi, L., 1963: 297. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, tree. Andean II: cloud forests. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Pav&oacute;n 630* (G), Woytkowski 34279 (MO)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Huancavelica.


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 Weinmannia crassifolia Ruiz & Pav.



Weinmannia crassifolia Ruiz & Pav.

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 Weinmannia crassifolia var.crassifolia



Weinmannia crassifolia var. crassifolia 

Synonyms: Weinmannia crassifolia crassifolia Rusby
Reference: Flora Peru: 634: 1050; Bernardi, L., 1963: 295. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean II: cloud forests, shrublands. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (G photo F!), Hutchison & Tovar 4167 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco.


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 Weinmannia crenata C. Presl


Weinmannia crenata C. Presl = Weinmannia sorbifolia var. crenata (C. Presl) Cuatrec.

Reference: FP 634: 1050; Cuatrecasas, J., 1948: 204; Bernardi, L., 1961: 134. 


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 Weinmannia cuatrecasasii J.F. Macbr.


Weinmannia cuatrecasasii J.F. Macbr. = Weinmannia auriculifera Hieron.

Reference: FP 634: 1051; Cuatrecasas, J., 1948: 202. 
Note: NN  


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 Weinmannia cutervensis Cuatrec.



Weinmannia cutervensis Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1956: 199. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ferreyra 830* (USM)
Departments: Cajamarca.


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 Weinmannia cymbifolia Diels



Weinmannia cymbifolia Diels

Reference: Flora Peru: 634: 1051; Bernardi, L., 1961: 145, 149. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean II: cloud forests, disturbed areas. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 4287* (B), D&iacute;az & Osores 2627 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca.


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 Weinmannia descendens Diels



Weinmannia descendens Diels

Reference: Flora Peru: 634: 1051; Bernardi, L., 1961: 167. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 4572* (B)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Weinmannia dictyoneura Diels


Weinmannia dictyoneura Diels = Weinmannia sorbifolia var. sorbifolia 

Reference: FP 634: 1052; Bernardi, L., 1961: 134. 


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 Weinmannia diversifolia Moricand ex Seringe


Weinmannia diversifolia Moricand ex Seringe = Weinmannia cinerea Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 634: 1050; Bernardi, L., 1961: 167. 


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 Weinmannia dryadifolia Moricand


Weinmannia dryadifolia Moricand = Weinmannia auriculata var. dryadifolia (Moricand) Bernardi

Reference: FP 634: 1048; Bernardi, L., 1963: 325. 


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 Weinmannia dzieduszyckii Szyszyl.



Weinmannia dzieduszyckii Szyszyl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 634: 1052; Bernardi, L., 1963: 320. 
Ecology: Native shrub, treelet. Andean II: cloud forests, rocky slopes. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Jelski 345* (KRA), Smith & V&aacute;squez 5011 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Piura.


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 Weinmannia elattantha Diels


Weinmannia elattantha Diels = Weinmannia ovata Cav.

Reference: FP 634: 1052; Bernardi, L., 1963: 290. 


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 Weinmannia elliptica Kunth



Weinmannia elliptica Kunth

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 Weinmannia elliptica var.elliptica



Weinmannia elliptica var. elliptica 

Synonyms: Weinmannia elliptica var. elliptica J.F. Macbr., Weinmannia elliptica var. elliptica Pamp.
Reference: Flora Peru: 634: 1053; Bernardi, L., 1963: 297. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean II: forests. 2500-3000 m. 
Note:   
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n. 
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


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 Weinmannia elliptica var.trichocarpa (Pamp.) Bernardi



Weinmannia elliptica var. trichocarpa (Pamp.) Bernardi

Synonyms: Weinmannia elliptica trichocarpa Pamp.
Reference: Bernardi, L., 1963: 299. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean II: forests. 3000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Mathews 3034* (G photo F!), Raimondi 5448 (B)
Departments: Cajamarca.


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 Weinmannia fagaroides Kunth



Weinmannia fagaroides Kunth

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 Weinmannia fagaroides var. brevispicata Hieron.


Weinmannia fagaroides var. brevispicata Hieron. = Weinmannia fagaroides var. fagaroides 

Reference: Bernardi, L., 1961: 177. 


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 Weinmannia fagaroides var.fagaroides



Weinmannia fagaroides var. fagaroides 

Synonyms: Weinmannia fagaroides fagaroides Pamp., Weinmannia fagaroides var. fagaroides Hieron.
Reference: Bernardi, L., 1961: 175. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II-III: grasslands, rocky slopes, shrublands. 2000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Smith & Pretel 7628 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Pasco, Piura.


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 Weinmannia ferreyrae Cuatrec.


Weinmannia ferreyrae Cuatrec. = Weinmannia chryseis Diels

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1956: 199; Bernardi, L., 1961: 133. 


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 Weinmannia glabra L. f.



Weinmannia glabra L. f.

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 Weinmannia glabra var.caripensis (Kunth) Engl.



Weinmannia glabra var. caripensis (Kunth) Engl.

Synonyms: Weinmannia glabra caripensis Kunth, Weinmannia glabra var. caripensis (Kunth) Cuatrec.
Reference: Bernardi, L., 1961: 158. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean I: forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 3702 (MO!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Weinmannia glabra var.glabra



Weinmannia glabra var. glabra 

Reference: Flora Peru: 634: 1053; Bernardi, L., 1961: 157. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean II-III: cloud forests. 2000-4000 m. 
Note: Cuatrecasas (1948: 196) considered this species a synonym of Weinmannia pinnata.  
Voucher: Young 2858 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, La Libertad, Piura, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Weinmannia glomerata C. Presl



Weinmannia glomerata C. Presl

Reference: Flora Peru: 634: 1053; Bernardi, L., 1961: 146. 
Ecology: Endemic Andean II: cloud forests, disturbed areas. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Haenke s.n.* (MO!), Young & Sullivan 593 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


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 Weinmannia haenkeana Engl.



Weinmannia haenkeana Engl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 634: 1054; Bernardi, L., 1961: 150. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean II: cloud forests, rocky slopes. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Haenke s.n.* (M photo F!), Mostacero et al. 1168 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Pasco, Puno.


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 Weinmannia heterophylla Kunth


Weinmannia heterophylla Kunth = Weinmannia auriculifera Hieron.

Reference: FP 634: 1051; Cuatrecasas, J., 1948: 202. 


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 Weinmannia heterophylla Ruiz & Pav.



Weinmannia heterophylla Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Weinmannia heterophylla D. Don, Weinmannia heterophylla Dombey ex J. F. Macbride, Weinmannia heterophylla Moricand
Reference: Flora Peru: 634: 1054; Bernardi, L., 1963: 300. 
Ecology: Native shrub, treelet. Andean II: cloud forests. 1500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* , Forster & Smith 9160 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco.


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 Weinmannia hirtella Kunth


Weinmannia hirtella Kunth = Weinmannia pinnata L.

Reference: FP 634: 1054; Bernardi, L., 1961: 160. 


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 Weinmannia jelskii Szyszylowicz



Weinmannia jelskii Szyszylowicz

Reference: Flora Peru: 634: 1054; Bernardi, L., 1963: 305. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Andean II: cloud forests. 2500-3000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Jelski 309* (KRA)
Departments: Cajamarca.


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 Weinmannia kunthiana D. Don



Weinmannia kunthiana D. Don

Synonyms: Weinmannia kunthiana Kunth
Reference: Bernardi, L., 1963: 307. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean II: disturbed areas, forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Todzia & Stein 2785 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


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 Weinmannia lansbergiana Engl.



Weinmannia lansbergiana Engl.

Reference: Bernardi, L., 1961: 177. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: rocky slopes, shrublands. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui et al. 8206 (MO!)
Departments: Piura.


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 Weinmannia latielliptica O. Schmidt


Weinmannia latielliptica O. Schmidt = Weinmannia ovata Cav.

Reference: FP 634: 1055; Bernardi, L., 1963: 290. 


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 Weinmannia latifolia C. Presl



Weinmannia latifolia C. Presl

Reference: Flora Peru: 634: 1055; Bernardi, L., 1963: 308. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean II: cloud forests. 2000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Haenke s.n.* (B photo F!), Smith & Pretel 8018 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Pasco.


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 Weinmannia laurina Kunth



Weinmannia laurina Kunth

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 Weinmannia laurina var.laurina



Weinmannia laurina var. laurina 

Reference: Flora Peru: 634: 1055; Bernardi, L., 1963: 315. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean II: cloud forests. 1500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 24257 (MA)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


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 Weinmannia lechleriana Engl.



Weinmannia lechleriana Engl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 634: 1056; Bernardi, L., 1961: 145; Bernardi, L., 1963: 287. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean II: disturbed areas, forests. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Lechler 2661* (G photo F!), Smith 4142 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Pasco, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Weinmannia lentiscifolia C. Presl



Weinmannia lentiscifolia C. Presl

Reference: Flora Peru: 634: 1056; Bernardi, L., 1961: 166; Bernardi, L., 1963: 288. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean I-II: cloud forests, disturbed areas. 1000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Haenke s.n.* (PR), Smith 4459 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Weinmannia marginata Moricand ex Seringe


Weinmannia marginata Moricand ex Seringe = Weinmannia pentaphylla Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 634: 1058; Bernardi, L., 1961: 136. 


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 Weinmannia microphylla Ruiz & Pav.



Weinmannia microphylla Ruiz & Pav.

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 Weinmannia microphylla var.microphylla



Weinmannia microphylla var. microphylla 

Synonyms: Weinmannia microphylla microphylla Pamp., Weinmannia microphylla microphylla Ruiz ex D. Don, Weinmannia microphylla var. microphylla Pamp.
Reference: Flora Peru: 634: 1056; Bernardi, L., 1961: 174. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean II: cloud forests. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (G photo F!), Smith & Pretel 8039 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Hu&aacute;nuco, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Weinmannia microphylla var. parvifolia Pamp.


Weinmannia microphylla var. parvifolia Pamp. = Weinmannia microphylla var. microphylla 

Reference: FP 634: 1056; Bernardi, L., 1961: 174. 


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 Weinmannia microphylla var.tenuior (Diels) J.F. Macbr.



Weinmannia microphylla var. tenuior (Diels) J.F. Macbr.

Synonyms: Weinmannia microphylla var. tenuior Diels
Reference: Flora Peru: 634: 1057; Bernardi, L., 1961: 174. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, tree. Andean II: cloud forests. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 2282* (B), Weberbauer 2479 (B)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


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 Weinmannia microphylla var.weddellii J.F. Macbr.



Weinmannia microphylla var. weddellii J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 634: 1057; Bernardi, L., 1961: 175. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weddell 4637* (P)
Departments: Puno.


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 Weinmannia multijuga Killip & A.C. Sm.



Weinmannia multijuga Killip & A.C. Sm.

Reference: Bernardi, L., 1961: 165. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean II: cloud forests. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Young 4006 (MO!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Weinmannia nebularum Diels


Weinmannia nebularum Diels = Weinmannia auriculata var. auriculata 

Reference: FP 634: 1057; Bernardi, L., 1963: 323. 


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 Weinmannia obtusifolia Rusby



Weinmannia obtusifolia Rusby

Reference: Flora Peru: 634: 1057. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   The voucher cited in the Flora of Peru, Soukup 794, was redetermined as W. sorbifolia var. crenata by Bernardi (1961). 


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 Weinmannia organensis Gardner



Weinmannia organensis Gardner

Reference: Bernardi, L., 1961: 146. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. . 
Voucher: Hartweg 744 (G)


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 Weinmannia ovalis Ruiz & Pav.


Weinmannia ovalis Ruiz & Pav. = Weinmannia ovata Cav.

Reference: FP 634: 1058; Bernardi, L., 1963: 290. 


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 Weinmannia ovalis var. elliptica Pamp.


Weinmannia ovalis var. elliptica Pamp. = Weinmannia elliptica var. elliptica 

Reference: FP 634: 1053; Bernardi, L., 1963: 297. 


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 Weinmannia ovalis var. roraimensis Pamp.


Weinmannia ovalis var. roraimensis Pamp. = Weinmannia balbisiana var. roraimensis (Pamp.) Bernardi

Reference: Bernardi, L., 1963: 315. 


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 Weinmannia ovata Cav.



Weinmannia ovata Cav.

Synonyms: Weinmannia ovata Diels, Weinmannia ovata O. Schmidt, Weinmannia ovata Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 634: 1058; Bernardi, L., 1963: 290. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean II: cloud forests, disturbed areas. 2500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Nee s.n.* (MA), Weberbauer 3540 (B)
Departments: Amazonas, Ayacucho, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Pasco.


$


 Weinmannia ovata Kunth


Weinmannia ovata Kunth = Weinmannia kunthiana D. Don

Reference: Bernardi, L., 1963: 307. 


$


 Weinmannia ovata Ruiz & Pav.


Weinmannia ovata Ruiz & Pav. = Weinmannia auriculata var. auriculata 

Reference: FP 634: 1048; Bernardi, L., 1963: 323. 


$


 Weinmannia parvifolia Ruiz ex D. Don


Weinmannia parvifolia Ruiz ex D. Don = Weinmannia microphylla var. microphylla 

Reference: FP 634: 1056; Cuatrecasas, J., 1948: 198; Bernardi, L., 1961: 174. 


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 Weinmannia parvifolia var. tenuior Diels


Weinmannia parvifolia var. tenuior Diels = Weinmannia microphylla var. tenuior (Diels) J.F. Macbr.

Reference: FP 634: 1057; Bernardi, L., 1961: 174. 


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 Weinmannia pentaphylla Ruiz & Pav.



Weinmannia pentaphylla Ruiz & Pav.

Synonyms: Weinmannia pentaphylla Moricand ex Seringe, Weinmannia pentaphylla Poepp. ex Engl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 634: 1058; Bernardi, L., 1961: 136. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests. 1000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA photo F!), Smith et al. 1778 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco.


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 Weinmannia pinnata L.



Weinmannia pinnata L.

Synonyms: Weinmannia pinnata Diels, Weinmannia pinnata Kunth
Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1948: 196; Bernardi, L., 1961: 160. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean II-III: cloud forests, rocky slopes. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez 7434 (MO!)
Departments: Ancash, Cuzco, Pasco, Piura, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Weinmannia pinnata var. caripensis (Kunth) Cuatrec.


Weinmannia pinnata var. caripensis (Kunth) Cuatrec. = Weinmannia glabra var. caripensis (Kunth) Engl.

Reference: Bernardi, L., 1961: 158. 


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 Weinmannia piurensis O. Schmidt



Weinmannia piurensis O. Schmidt

Reference: Flora Peru: 634: 1059; Bernardi, L., 1961: 138. 
Ecology: Endemic treelet. Andean II: cloud forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Raimondi s.n.* (B photo F!), Gentry et al. 61488 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Piura.


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 Weinmannia polyphylla Moric.



Weinmannia polyphylla Moric.

Reference: Flora Peru: 634: 1059; Bernardi, L., 1961: 165. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   Bernardi (1961) gives the locality of the Peruvian voucher as "Prope Guayaquil" [=Ecuador].  


$


 Weinmannia popayanensis Hieron.


Weinmannia popayanensis Hieron. = Weinmannia pubescens var. popayanensis (Hieron.) Killip & A.C. Sm.

Reference: Bernardi, L., 1961: 141. 


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 Weinmannia producta Moricand



Weinmannia producta Moricand

Reference: Flora Peru: 634: 1060; Bernardi, L., 1961: 170. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean II: cloud forests, shrublands. 2000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (G photo F!), Smith et al. 2199 (MO!)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Weinmannia pubescens Kunth



Weinmannia pubescens Kunth

$


 Weinmannia pubescens var.popayanensis (Hieron.) Killip & A.C. Sm.



Weinmannia pubescens var. popayanensis (Hieron.) Killip & A.C. Sm.

Synonyms: Weinmannia pubescens popayanensis Hieron., Weinmannia pubescens popayanensis O. Schmidt
Reference: Bernardi, L., 1961: 141. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean II: forests. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 6393 (B)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Pasco, Piura.


$


 Weinmannia reticulata Ruiz & Pav.



Weinmannia reticulata Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: Flora Peru: 634: 1060; Bernardi, L., 1961: 144. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean II-III: cloud forests. 2000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (B photo F!), Woytkowski 34280 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Weinmannia sambucina Ruiz ex D. Don


Weinmannia sambucina Ruiz ex D. Don = Weinmannia cinerea Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 634: 1050; Bernardi, L., 1961: 167. 


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 Weinmannia sclerophylla Cuatrec.


Weinmannia sclerophylla Cuatrec. = Weinmannia sorbifolia var. sclerophylla (Cuatrec.) Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1948: 204; Bernardi, L., 1961: 135. 


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 Weinmannia sessilifolia Rusby


Weinmannia sessilifolia Rusby = Weinmannia crassifolia var. crassifolia 

Reference: FP 634: 1060; Bernardi, L., 1963: 295. 


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 Weinmannia sorbifolia Kunth



Weinmannia sorbifolia Kunth

$


 Weinmannia sorbifolia var.crenata (C. Presl) Cuatrec.



Weinmannia sorbifolia var. crenata (C. Presl) Cuatrec.

Synonyms: Weinmannia sorbifolia crenata C. Presl
Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1948: 204; Bernardi, L., 1961: 134. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean I-II: forests, shrublands. 500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Haenke 120* (W), Vargas 1256 (F)
Departments: Cuzco.


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 Weinmannia sorbifolia var.sclerophylla (Cuatrec.) Cuatrec.



Weinmannia sorbifolia var. sclerophylla (Cuatrec.) Cuatrec.

Synonyms: Weinmannia sorbifolia sclerophylla Cuatrec.
Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1948: 204; Bernardi, L., 1961: 135. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean I: forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 25431 (F)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Weinmannia sorbifolia var.sorbifolia



Weinmannia sorbifolia var. sorbifolia 

Synonyms: Weinmannia sorbifolia sorbifolia Diels
Reference: Flora Peru: 634: 1061; Bernardi, L., 1961: 133. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean I-II: shrublands. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 6442 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Puno.


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 Weinmannia spruceana Engl.



Weinmannia spruceana Engl.

Synonyms: Weinmannia spruceana Pamp.
Reference: Flora Peru: 634: 1061; Bernardi, L., 1961: 138. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean I: forests, shrublands. 1500-2500 m. 
Note: Treated under W. sorbifolia var. crenata by Cuatrecasas (1948).  
Voucher: Smith & V&aacute;squez  4940 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Pasco, Piura.


$


 Weinmannia subcordata Moricand


Weinmannia subcordata Moricand = Weinmannia heterophylla Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 634: 1054; Bernardi, L., 1963: 300. 


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 Weinmannia subsessiliflora Ruiz & Pav.



Weinmannia subsessiliflora Ruiz & Pav.

$


 Weinmannia subsessiliflora var.subsessiliflora



Weinmannia subsessiliflora var. subsessiliflora 

Reference: Flora Peru: 634: 1061; Bernardi, L., 1961: 142. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean II: forests. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (G photo F!), Dombey s.n. (P)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Lima.


$


 Weinmannia ternata Engl.



Weinmannia ternata Engl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 634: 1062; Bernardi, L., 1961: 146. 
Ecology: Andean I: rocky slopes, shrublands. 500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 4238* (B photo F!), Woytkowski 8314 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Weinmannia trichocarpa Pamp.


Weinmannia trichocarpa Pamp. = Weinmannia elliptica var. trichocarpa (Pamp.) Bernardi

Reference: FP 634: 1062; Bernardi, L., 1963: 299. 


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 Weinmannia ulei Diels



Weinmannia ulei Diels

Reference: Flora Peru: 634: 1062; Bernardi, L., 1961: 160. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, tree. .. 1000-1500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ule 6752* (B photo F!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Weinmannia velutina O. Schmidt



Weinmannia velutina O. Schmidt

Reference: Bernardi, L., 1961: 150. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean II: cloud forests. 1500-2500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 24254 (G)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Weinmannia weberbaueri Diels


Weinmannia weberbaueri Diels = Weinmannia pinnata L.

Reference: FP 634: 1063; Bernardi, L., 1961: 160. 


$


 Welfia georgii H. Wendl. ex Burret



Welfia georgii H. Wendl. ex Burret

$


 Wenderothia glabra M. Martens & Galeotti


Wenderothia glabra M. Martens & Galeotti = Canavalia glabra (M. Martens & Galeotti) J. Sauer

Reference: Sauer, J., 1964: 130. 


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 Wenderothia grandiflora (Benth.) Piper


Wenderothia grandiflora (Benth.) Piper = Canavalia grandiflora Benth.

Reference: Sauer, J., 1964: 132. 


$


 Wenderothia lasiocalyx (Kuntze) Piper


Wenderothia lasiocalyx (Kuntze) Piper = Canavalia mattogrossensis (Barb. Rodr. ) Malme

Reference: FP 21: 320; Sauer, J., 1964: 133. 


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 Wenderothia mattogrossensis (Barb. Rodr. ) Piper


Wenderothia mattogrossensis (Barb. Rodr. ) Piper = Canavalia mattogrossensis (Barb. Rodr. ) Malme

Reference: Sauer, J., 1964: 133. 


$


 Wendlandiella gracilis Dammer



Wendlandiella gracilis Dammer

Synonyms: Wendlandiella gracilis Burret, Wendlandiella gracilis Burret
Reference: Flora Peru: 39695: 365. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Huber 1541* , Gentry & Emmons 38706 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Ucayali.


$


 Wendlandiella polyclada Burret


Wendlandiella polyclada Burret = Wendlandiella gracilis Dammer

Reference: FP 39695: 366. 


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 Wendlandiella simplicifrons Burret


Wendlandiella simplicifrons Burret = Wendlandiella gracilis Dammer

Reference: FP 39695: 366. 


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 Wercklea ferox (Hook. f.) Fryxell



Wercklea ferox (Hook. f.) Fryxell

Synonyms: Wercklea ferox Hook. f.
Reference: Fryxell, P. A., 1981: 464; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 128. 
Note: Not known from Peru, but expected.  


$


 Werneria acerosifolia Hieron.


Werneria acerosifolia Hieron. = Werneria villosa A. Gray

$


 Werneria amblydactyla S.F. Blake



Werneria amblydactyla S.F. Blake

Reference: Rockhausen, M., 1939: 287. 
Ecology. 3500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Wilkes Exped. s.n.* (US)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


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 Werneria apiculata Sch. Bip.



Werneria apiculata Sch. Bip.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1948: 57. 
Ecology. 3000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Burkart & Tronocoso 11662* (LP), Tupayachi 1056 (F)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Werneria aretioides Wedd.



Werneria aretioides Wedd.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1948: 59. 
Ecology. 4000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Wedermann 1155 (LP)
Departments: Tacna.


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 Werneria caespitosa Wedd.



Werneria caespitosa Wedd.

Reference: Rockhausen, M., 1939: 315. 
Ecology. 3500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Dombey s.n.* (P), Smith et al. 12191 (MO)
Departments: Ancash.


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 Werneria carnulosa A. Gray



Werneria carnulosa A. Gray

Reference: Rockhausen, M., 1939: 284. 
Ecology.  > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Wilkes Exped. s.n.* (US), Macbride & Featherstone 855 
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


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 Werneria ciliolata A. Gray



Werneria ciliolata A. Gray

Synonyms: Werneria ciliolata Hieron., Werneria ciliolata S.F. Blake
Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1960: 185. 
Ecology.  > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Wilkes Exped. s.n.* (US), Werdermann 1164 (GH)


$


 Werneria cornea S.F. Blake



Werneria cornea S.F. Blake

Reference: Blake, S. F., 1928: 495. 
Ecology. 4000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 2477* (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Werneria dactylophylla Sch. Bip.



Werneria dactylophylla Sch. Bip.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1948: 60. 
Ecology. 4000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Lechler 1807* (B photo F), Smith et al. 11644 (F)
Departments: Ancash.


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 Werneria decora S.F. Blake



Werneria decora S.F. Blake

Reference: Rockhausen, M., 1939: 290. 
Ecology.  > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride & Featherstone 849* (F)
Departments: Lima.


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 Werneria decumbens Hieron.



Werneria decumbens Hieron.

Reference: Funk, pers. comm.. 
Voucher: Stuebel 100c* (B photo F)


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 Werneria digitata Wedd.



Werneria digitata Wedd.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1948: 61. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Gay s.n.* (P), Herrera 1033 (US)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Werneria esquilachensis Cuatrec.



Werneria esquilachensis Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1956: 192. 
Ecology.  > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Stafford s.n.[in 1937]* (K)
Departments: Puno.


$


 Werneria glandulosa Klatt


Werneria glandulosa Klatt = Hypochaeris sessiliflora Kunth

$


 Werneria heteroloba Wedd.



Werneria heteroloba Wedd.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1948: 50. 
Ecology. 4000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Gay s.n.* (P), Weberbauer 7362* (F)
Departments: Moquegua.


$


 Werneria juneriperina Hieron.


Werneria juneriperina Hieron. = Werneria ciliolata A. Gray

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1960: 185. 


$


 Werneria lycopodioides S.F. Blake


Werneria lycopodioides S.F. Blake = Werneria ciliolata A. Gray

Reference: Blake, S. F., 1928: 493. 


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 Werneria macbridei Cuatrec.


Werneria macbridei Cuatrec. = Senecio repens var. macbridei (Cuatrec.) Cabrera

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1953: 294. 


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 Werneria marcida S.F. Blake



Werneria marcida S.F. Blake

Synonyms: Werneria marcida S.F. Blake
Reference: Rockhausen, M., 1939: 299. 
Ecology.  > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Macbride 3032* (F), Macbride & Featherstone 2475 (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Lima.


$


 Werneria melanandra Wedd.



Werneria melanandra Wedd.

Reference: Rockhausen, M., 1939: 284. 
Ecology.  > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Weddell s.n.* (P)
Departments: Puno.


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 Werneria nubigena Kunth



Werneria nubigena Kunth

Synonyms: Werneria nubigena Hieron.
Reference: Rockhausen, M., 1939: 284. 
Ecology. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Smith et al. 12286 (MO)
Departments: Amazonas, Ancash, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Lambayeque, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Werneria obtusiloba S.F. Blake



Werneria obtusiloba S.F. Blake

Reference: Blake, S. F., 1928: 489. 
Ecology. 4000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 7362* (F), Pennell 13338 (F)
Departments: Arequipa, Moquegua.


$


 Werneria orbignyana var.breviradiata A. Gray



Werneria orbignyana var. breviradiata A. Gray

$


 Werneria orbignyana var.orbignyana



Werneria orbignyana var. orbignyana 

Reference: Weddell, , 1856: 85. 
Ecology. 2500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Peyton & Peyton 715 (F)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Werneria orbignyana Wedd.



Werneria orbignyana Wedd.

$


 Werneria plantaginifolia var.macrocephala Cuatrec.



Werneria plantaginifolia var. macrocephala Cuatrec.

Reference: Cuatrecasas, J., 1953: 153. 
Ecology. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 1047 (F)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac.


$


 Werneria plantaginifolia Wedd.



Werneria plantaginifolia Wedd.

$


 Werneria pygmaea Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.



Werneria pygmaea Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1948: 55. 
Ecology. 3500- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Franquement 363 (F)
Departments: Ancash, Arequipa, Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Puno.


$


 Werneria pygmophylla S.F. Blake



Werneria pygmophylla S.F. Blake

Reference: Blake, S. F., 1928: 491. 
Ecology.  > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 7358* (F)
Departments: Moquegua.


$


 Werneria rosenii Fries



Werneria rosenii Fries

Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1948: 51. 
Ecology. 4000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Tupayachi 736 (MO)


$


 Werneria sedoides S.F. Blake


Werneria sedoides S.F. Blake = Werneria marcida S.F. Blake

Reference: Blake, S. F., 1928: 493. 


$


 Werneria solivifolia Sch. Bip.



Werneria solivifolia Sch. Bip.

Reference: Funk, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 4000-4500 m. 
Voucher: Without collection data.  
Departments: Cuzco, Puno.


$


 Werneria staticaefolia Sch. Bip.



Werneria staticaefolia Sch. Bip.

Reference: Rockhausen, M., 1939: 306. 
Ecology. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Lechler 2212* (F), Lechler 2111 (F)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Werneria strigosissima A. Gray



Werneria strigosissima A. Gray

Reference: Rockhausen, M., 1939: 323. 
Ecology. 3500- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Wilkes Exped. s.n.* (US), Franquemont 315 (F)
Departments: Ancash, Cuzco, Lima.


$


 Werneria stuebelii Hieron.



Werneria stuebelii Hieron.

Reference: Funk, pers. comm.. 


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 Werneria villosa A. Gray



Werneria villosa A. Gray

Synonyms: Werneria villosa Hieron.
Reference: Cabrera, A. L., 1948: 55. 
Ecology. 3000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Wilkes Exped. s.n.* (US), Sag&aacute;stegui et al. 11694 (F)
Departments: Ancash, Cajamarca, Cuzco.


$


 Werneria weberbaueriana Rockh.



Werneria weberbaueriana Rockh.

Reference: Rockhausen, M., 1939: 323. 
Ecology. 3000- > 4500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 2984* 


$


 Wettinella maynensis (Spruce) Cook & Doyle


Wettinella maynensis (Spruce) Cook & Doyle = Wettinia maynensis Spruce

Reference: FP 39695: 361. 


$


 Wettinia augusta Poepp. & Endl.



Wettinia augusta Poepp. & Endl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 39695: 360. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests, disturbed areas. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 2058* , Gentry et al. 25521 (F!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Madre de Dios, Loreto, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Wettinia longipetala A.H. Gentry



Wettinia longipetala A.H. Gentry

Reference: Gentry, A. H., 1986: 160. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Andean I: forests, shrublands. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 42009* (MO, USM), Gentry & Smith 36055 (MO!)
Departments: Pasco.


$


 Wettinia maynensis Spruce



Wettinia maynensis Spruce

Synonyms: Wettinia maynensis (Spruce) Cook & Doyle, Wettinia maynensis (Spruce) Drude
Reference: Flora Peru: 39695: 361. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez et al. 3077 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Wettinia weberbaueri Burret



Wettinia weberbaueri Burret

Reference: Flora Peru: 39695: 361. 
Ecology. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer s.n.* 
Departments: Puno.


$


 Wichuraea acicularis M. Roem.


Wichuraea acicularis M. Roem. = Bomarea dulcis (Hooker) Beauverd

Reference: FP 1190: 642. 


$


 Wichuraea andimarcana (Herbert) M. Roem.


Wichuraea andimarcana (Herbert) M. Roem. = Bomarea crocea (Ruiz & Pav.) Herbert

Reference: FP 1190: 644. 


$


 Wichuraea dulcis (Hooker) M. Roem.


Wichuraea dulcis (Hooker) M. Roem. = Bomarea dulcis (Hooker) Beauverd

Reference: FP 1190: 642. 


$


 Wichuraea dulcis var. cruikshanksii M. Roem.


Wichuraea dulcis var. cruikshanksii M. Roem. = Bomarea dulcis (Hooker) Beauverd

Reference: FP 1190: 642. 


$


 Wichuraea dulcis var. uniflora M. Roem.


Wichuraea dulcis var. uniflora M. Roem. = Bomarea uniflora (M. Roem.) Killip

Reference: FP 1190: 643. 


$


 Wichuraea glaucescens Kunth


Wichuraea glaucescens Kunth = Bomarea glaucescens (Kunth) Baker

$


 Wichuraea involucrosa (Herbert) M. Roem.


Wichuraea involucrosa (Herbert) M. Roem. = Bomarea involucrosa (Herbert) Baker

Reference: FP 1190: 640. 


$


 Wichuraea parvifolia (Herbert) M. Roem.


Wichuraea parvifolia (Herbert) M. Roem. = Bomarea dulcis (Hooker) Beauverd

Reference: FP 1190: 642. 


$


 Wichuraea puberula (Herbert) M. Roem.


Wichuraea puberula (Herbert) M. Roem. = Bomarea puberula (Herbert) Kraenzl.

Reference: FP 1190: 641. 


$


 Wigandia crispa (Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth



Wigandia crispa (Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth

Synonyms: Wigandia crispa (Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth) Kuntze, Wigandia crispa Brand, Wigandia crispa Ruiz & Pav., Wigandia crispa Sprengel
Reference: Flora Peru: 1294: 110. 
Ecology. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Duncan 2603 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Jun&iacute;n, Piura.


$


 Wigandia herbacea Choisy


Wigandia herbacea Choisy = Hydrolea spinosa var. spinosa 

Reference: FP 1294: 102. 


$


 Wigandia peruviana W. Miller


Wigandia peruviana W. Miller = Wigandia urens (Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth

Reference: FP 1294: 111. 


$


 Wigandia pruritiva Sprengel


Wigandia pruritiva Sprengel = Wigandia crispa (Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth

Reference: FP 1294: 110. 


$


 Wigandia reflexa Brand


Wigandia reflexa Brand = Wigandia crispa (Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth

Reference: FP 1294: 110. 


$


 Wigandia urens (Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth



Wigandia urens (Ruiz & Pav.) Kunth

Synonyms: Wigandia urens (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze, Wigandia urens Ruiz & Pav., Wigandia urens W. Miller
Reference: Flora Peru: 1294: 111. 
Ecology. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: L&oacute;pez 7996 (MO!)
Departments: Lima, La Libertad.


$


 Wikstroemia fruticosa Schrader


Wikstroemia fruticosa Schrader = Gordonia fruticosa (Schrader) H. Keng

Reference: FP 1311: 727. 


$


 Wilborgia urticaefolia Kunth


Wilborgia urticaefolia Kunth = Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz & Pav.

$


 Willoughbya bangii Rusby


Willoughbya bangii Rusby = Mikania decora Poepp. & Endl.

Reference: FP 1418: 19; King, R. M. & H. Robinson, 1987: 572. 


$


 Willoughbya cordifolia (L.f.) Kuntze


Willoughbya cordifolia (L.f.) Kuntze = Mikania cordifolia (L.f.) Willd.

Reference: FP 1418: 17; King, R. M. & H. Robinson, 1987: 572. 


$


 Willoughbya dioscoreoides Rusby


Willoughbya dioscoreoides Rusby = Mikania dioscoreoides (Rusby) B. Robinson

Reference: King, R. M. & H. Robinson, 1987: 572. 


$


 Willoughbya ferruginea Rusby


Willoughbya ferruginea Rusby = Mikania banisteriae DC.

Reference: FP 1418: 11; King, R. M. & H. Robinson, 1987: 572. 


$


 Willoughbya guaco (Humb. & Bonpl.) Kuntze


Willoughbya guaco (Humb. & Bonpl.) Kuntze = Mikania guaco Humb. & Bonpl.

Reference: FP 1418: 23; King, R. M. & H. Robinson, 1987: 572. 


$


 Willoughbya halei Small


Willoughbya halei Small = Mikania cordifolia (L.f.) Willd.

Reference: FP 1418: 17; King, R. M. & H. Robinson, 1987: 572. 


$


 Willoughbya hirsutissima Rusby


Willoughbya hirsutissima Rusby = Mikania banisteriae DC.

Reference: FP 1418: 11. 
Note: nom. illeg.  


$


 Willoughbya imrayana (Griseb.) Kuntze


Willoughbya imrayana (Griseb.) Kuntze = Mikania hookeriana DC.

Reference: FP 1418: 26; King, R. M. & H. Robinson, 1987: 572. 


$


 Willoughbya micrantha (Kunth) Rusby


Willoughbya micrantha (Kunth) Rusby = Mikania micrantha Kunth

Reference: FP 1418: 36; King, R. M. & H. Robinson, 1987: 573. 


$


 Willoughbya platyphylla (DC.) Kuntze


Willoughbya platyphylla (DC.) Kuntze = Mikania hookeriana DC.

Reference: FP 1418: 26; King, R. M. & H. Robinson, 1987: 573. 


$


 Willoughbya trifolia Rusby


Willoughbya trifolia Rusby = Mikania trifolia (Rusby) B. Robinson

Reference: King, R. M. & H. Robinson, 1987: 574; Rusby, H. H., 1907: 382. 


$


 Wissadula amplissima (L.) R.E. Fr.



Wissadula amplissima (L.) R.E. Fr.

Synonyms: Wissadula amplissima (L'Heritier) Garcke, Wissadula amplissima L'Heritier, Wissadula amplissima L.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1302: 484; Fryxell, P. A., 1988: 451; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 132. 
Ecology. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Jussieu s.n.* , Sag&aacute;stegui & L&oacute;pez 10619 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Wissadula contracta (Link) R.E. Fr.



Wissadula contracta (Link) R.E. Fr.

Synonyms: Wissadula contracta Link
Reference: Fryxell, P. A., 1988: 453. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 19236 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Wissadula disperma Hochreutiner


Wissadula disperma Hochreutiner = Abutilon dispermum (Hochreutiner) Fryxell

Reference: FP 1302: 482; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 12. 


$


 Wissadula excelsior (Cav.) C. Presl



Wissadula excelsior (Cav.) C. Presl

Synonyms: Wissadula excelsior (Cav.) G. Don, Wissadula excelsior Cav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1302: 483; Fryxell, P. A., 1988: 454; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 134. 
Ecology: Native shrub, subshrub. Amazonian, Andean I, Coastal: disturbed areas, forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Jussieu s.n.* (P-JU), Schunke 10524 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Piura, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Wissadula ferruginea (Kunth) Garcke & Schum.



Wissadula ferruginea (Kunth) Garcke & Schum.

Synonyms: Wissadula ferruginea (Kunth) DC., Wissadula ferruginea Kunth
Reference: Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 134. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   Citations for Peru result from the Garcke & Schumann description of the combination which was based upon a Peruvian specimen of Wissadula excelsior. 


$


 Wissadula fuscorosea Ulbrich



Wissadula fuscorosea Ulbrich

Reference: Flora Peru: 1302: 484. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Andean II: grasslands. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 6556* (B photo F!)
Departments: Huancavelica.


$


 Wissadula grandifolia Baker f. ex Rusby



Wissadula grandifolia Baker f. ex Rusby

Reference: Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 136. 
Ecology: Native subshrub. Andean I: disturbed areas. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 22611 (MO!)
Departments: Piura.


$


 Wissadula hernandioides (L'Heritier) Garcke


Wissadula hernandioides (L'Heritier) Garcke = Wissadula amplissima (L.) R.E. Fr.

Reference: FP 1302: 484; Fryxell, P. A., 1988: 451; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 132. 


$


 Wissadula hirsuta C. Presl



Wissadula hirsuta C. Presl

Reference: Fries, R. E., 1908: 58; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 136. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub. Andean I: disturbed areas, forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui & Cabanillas 8668 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Piura.


$


 Wissadula microcarpa R.E. Fr.



Wissadula microcarpa R.E. Fr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1302: 485. 
Ecology: Native shrub, subshrub. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Ule 6710* , Gentry & Smith 44954 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Wissadula nudiflora (L'H&eacute;r.) Benth.


Wissadula nudiflora (L'H&eacute;r.) Benth. = Wissadula stellata (Cav.) Schum.

Reference: FP 1302: 486; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 137. 


$


 Wissadula pavonii Hochreutiner



Wissadula pavonii Hochreutiner

Reference: Flora Peru: 1302: 485; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 32. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (G photo F!)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Wissadula periplocifolia (Presl) C. Presl



Wissadula periplocifolia (Presl) C. Presl

Synonyms: Wissadula periplocifolia DC., Wissadula periplocifolia Medik., Wissadula periplocifolia Presl
Reference: Fryxell, P. A., 1988: 454. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Wissadula spicata (Kunth) C. Presl


Wissadula spicata (Kunth) C. Presl = Briquetia spicata (Kunth) Fryxell

Reference: FP 1302: 489; Fryxell, P. A., 1988: 136; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 32. 


$


 Wissadula stellata (Cav.) Schum.



Wissadula stellata (Cav.) Schum.

Synonyms: Wissadula stellata (L'H&eacute;r.) Benth., Wissadula stellata (L'H&eacute;r.) Sweet, Wissadula stellata Cav., Wissadula stellata L'H&eacute;r.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1302: 486; Fryxell, P. A., 1992: 137. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean I-II: disturbed areas, rocky slopes. 1000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Dombey s.n.* , Stork & Horton 9406 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Wissadula subpeltata (Ktze.) R.E. Fr.



Wissadula subpeltata (Ktze.) R.E. Fr.

Synonyms: Wissadula subpeltata Ktze.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1302: 487. 
Ecology: Native herb, subshrub. Amazonian: riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Belshaw 3184 (MO!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Wissadula zeylanica Medik.


Wissadula zeylanica Medik. = Wissadula periplocifolia (Presl) C. Presl

Reference: FP 1302: 487; Fryxell, P. A., 1988: 454. 


$


 Withania peruviana (Zahlbr.) J.F. Macbr.


Withania peruviana (Zahlbr.) J.F. Macbr. = Larnax peruviana (Zahlbr.) Hunz.

Reference: FP 1349: 18. 
Note: Generic placement of this species is uncertain.  


$


 Withania subtriflora (R. & P.) Dunal


Withania subtriflora (R. & P.) Dunal = Deprea subtriflora (Ruiz & Pav.) D'Arcy

Reference: FP 1349: 19. 


$


 Witheringia biflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Miers


Witheringia biflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Miers = Jaltomata biflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Benitez

Reference: FP 1349: 31. 


$


 Witheringia ciliata (Miers) Miers


Witheringia ciliata (Miers) Miers = Jaltomata aspera (Ruiz & Pav.) T. Mione & F. G. Coe

Reference: FP 1349: 32. 


$


 Witheringia contorta (R. & P.) Miers


Witheringia contorta (R. & P.) Miers = ?  

Reference: FP 1349: 32; Hunzider, pers. comm.. 
Note: =Jaltomata sp.  


$


 Witheringia cuneata (Standl.) Hunziker



Witheringia cuneata (Standl.) Hunziker

$


 Witheringia dentata (Ruiz & Pav.) Miers


Witheringia dentata (Ruiz & Pav.) Miers = Jaltomata dentata (Ruiz & Pav.) Benitez

Reference: FP 1349: 33; Mione, pers. comm.. 


$


 Witheringia diffusa Miers


Witheringia diffusa Miers = Jaltomata procumbens (Cav.) J.L. Gentry

Reference: FP 1349: 34; Mione, pers. comm.. 


$


 Witheringia diversifolia Walpers


Witheringia diversifolia Walpers = Capsicum rhomboideum (Dunal) Kuntze

Reference: Hunziker, pers. comm.. 


$


 Witheringia dumetorum Dunal


Witheringia dumetorum Dunal = Capsicum rhomboideum (Dunal) Kuntze

Reference: Hunziker, pers. comm.. 


$


 Witheringia macrophylla Kunth ex Dunal


Witheringia macrophylla Kunth ex Dunal = Witheringia solanacea L'H&eacute;r.

Reference: FP 1349: 73; Hunziker, A. T., 1969: 167. 


$


 Witheringia microphylla Griseb.


Witheringia microphylla Griseb. = Solanum macbridei Hunziker & Lallana

Reference: FP 1349: 67; Hunziker, A. T., 1981: 17. 


$


 Witheringia mollis Kunth


Witheringia mollis Kunth = Capsicum rhomboideum (Dunal) Kuntze

Reference: FP 1349: 74; Hunziker, A. T., 1969: 169. 


$


 Witheringia multifida Dunal


Witheringia multifida Dunal = Solanum multifidum Lam.

Reference: FP 1349: 184; Hunziker, A. T., 1969: 169. 


$


 Witheringia phyllantha (Cav.) Dunal


Witheringia phyllantha (Cav.) Dunal = Solanum phyllanthum Cav.

Reference: FP 1349: 186; Hunziker, A. T., 1969: 169. 


$


 Witheringia pinnatifida (Ruiz & Pav.) Dunal


Witheringia pinnatifida (Ruiz & Pav.) Dunal = Solanum multifidum Lam.

Reference: FP 1349: 184 ; Hunziker, A. T., 1969: 169. 


$


 Witheringia procumbens (Cavanilles) Miers


Witheringia procumbens (Cavanilles) Miers = Jaltomata procumbens (Cav.) J.L. Gentry

Reference: FP 1349: 36. 


$


 Witheringia rhomboidea Dunal


Witheringia rhomboidea Dunal = Capsicum rhomboideum (Dunal) Kuntze

$


 Witheringia salicifolia Hooker


Witheringia salicifolia Hooker = Capraria peruviana Benth.

Reference: FP 1361: 656; Hunziker, A. T., 1969: 169. 


$


 Witheringia solanacea L'H&eacute;r.



Witheringia solanacea L'H&eacute;r.

Synonyms: Witheringia solanacea (Kunth ex Dunal) Coulter, Witheringia solanacea (Kunth ex Dunal) Kuntze, Witheringia solanacea (Kunth ex Dunal) Miers, Witheringia solanacea (Kunth ex Dunal) Standl., Witheringia solanacea Kunth ex Dunal, Witheringia solanacea Kuntze
Reference: Hunziker, A. T., 1969: 136. 
Ecology: Native herb, shrub, subshrub. Amazonian, Andean I-II: disturbed areas, forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 61769 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Witheringia umbellata (Roth) Miers


Witheringia umbellata (Roth) Miers = ?  

Reference: FP 1349: 33; Mione, pers. comm.. 
Note: =Jaltomata sp.  


$


 Witheringia villosa (Zucc.) Miers


Witheringia villosa (Zucc.) Miers = ?  

Reference: FP 1349: 39; Mione, pers. comm.. 
Note: =Jaltomata sp.  


$


 Wittia amazonica K. Schum.


Wittia amazonica K. Schum. = Disocactus amazonicus (K. Schum.) D.R. Hunt

Reference: Castellanos, A., 1967: 84; Hunt, D. R., 1982: 2; Hunt, D., 1992: 142. 


$


 Wittiocactus amazonicus (K. Schum.) Rauschert


Wittiocactus amazonicus (K. Schum.) Rauschert = Disocactus amazonicus (K. Schum.) D.R. Hunt

Reference: Rauschert, S., 1982: 559; Hunt, D., 1992: 142. 


$


 Wittmackanthus stanleyanus (Schomb.) Kuntze



Wittmackanthus stanleyanus (Schomb.) Kuntze

Synonyms: Wittmackanthus stanleyanus Schomb.
Reference: Steyermark, J. A. & J. H. Kirkbride Jr., 1975: 508. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 19052 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Wolffia brasiliensis Wedd.



Wolffia brasiliensis Wedd.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1132: 486. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   Incidentally mentioned in the Flora of Peru. 


$


 Wolffia columbiana H. Karst.



Wolffia columbiana H. Karst.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1132: 486. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   Incidentally mentioned in the Flora of Peru. 


$


 Wolffia oblonga (Philippi) Hegelmaier


Wolffia oblonga (Philippi) Hegelmaier = Wolffiella oblonga (Philippi) Hegelm.

Reference: FP 1132: 486; Landolt, E., 1986: 450. 


$


 Wolffia welwitschii Hegelm.



Wolffia welwitschii Hegelm.

$


 Wolffiella oblonga (Philippi) Hegelm.



Wolffiella oblonga (Philippi) Hegelm.

Synonyms: Wolffiella oblonga (Philippi) Hegelmaier, Wolffiella oblonga Philippi
Reference: Flora Peru: 1132: 486; Landolt, E., 1986: 450. 
Ecology: Native aquatic herb. Coastal: submerged. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 21509 (US!)
Departments: Cuzco, La Libertad.


$


 Woytkowskia spermatochorda Woodson


Woytkowskia spermatochorda Woodson = Tabernaemontana cuspidata Rusby

Reference: Woodson Jr., R. E., 1960: 74; Leeuwenberg, pers. comm.. 


$


 Wulffia baccata (L.f.) Kuntze



Wulffia baccata (L.f.) Kuntze

Synonyms: Wulffia baccata DC., Wulffia baccata L.f.


$


 Wulffia scandens DC.


Wulffia scandens DC. = Wulffia baccata (L.f.) Kuntze

$


 Wullschlaegelia aphylla (Sw.) Rchb. f.



Wullschlaegelia aphylla (Sw.) Rchb. f.

Synonyms: Wullschlaegelia aphylla Sw.
Reference: Garay, L. A., 1978: 230; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native saphrophyte. . 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Wullschlaegelia calcarata Benth.



Wullschlaegelia calcarata Benth.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1438: 78; Garay, L. A., 1978: 231; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native saphrophyte. . 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Wullschlaegelia ulaei Cogn.


Wullschlaegelia ulaei Cogn. = Uleiorchis ulaei (Cogn.) Handro

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Wydleria portoricensis DC.


Wydleria portoricensis DC. = Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nyman

Reference: FP 1293: 91. 


$


 Xanthium spinosum L.


Xanthium spinosum L. = Acanthoxanthium spinosum (L.) Fourr.

Reference: L&ouml;ve, D., 1975: 61. 


$


 Xanthosoma brevispathaceum Engl.



Xanthosoma brevispathaceum Engl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 853: 480. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Weberbauer 1821* (B)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Xanthosoma fractum Madison



Xanthosoma fractum Madison

Reference: Madison, M. T., 1981: 360. 
Ecology: Cultivated herb. . 
Voucher: Madison 6747* (SEL)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Xanthosoma helleborifolium (Jacq.) Schott



Xanthosoma helleborifolium (Jacq.) Schott

Synonyms: Xanthosoma helleborifolium Jacq.
Reference: Flora Peru: 853: 481. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I: bogs. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Croat 51001 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, Piura, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Xanthosoma mafaffa var. poeppigii (Schott) Engl.


Xanthosoma mafaffa var. poeppigii (Schott) Engl. = Xanthosoma poeppigii Schott

Reference: FP 853: 481. 


$


 Xanthosoma poeppigii Schott



Xanthosoma poeppigii Schott

Synonyms: Xanthosoma poeppigii (Schott) Engl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 853: 481. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Xanthosoma pubescens Poepp.



Xanthosoma pubescens Poepp.

Synonyms: Xanthosoma pubescens N.E. Br.
Reference: Flora Peru: 853: 481; Madison, M. T., 1981: 361. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Voucher: Poeppig s.n.* , Gentry 40043 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Xanthosoma purpuratum K. Krause



Xanthosoma purpuratum K. Krause

Reference: Flora Peru: 853: 482. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott



Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott

Synonyms: Xanthosoma sagittifolium L.
Reference: Bunting, G., 1979: 281. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: forests. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Young 3975 (F!)
Departments: Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$



$


 Xanthosoma stenospathum Madison



Xanthosoma stenospathum Madison

Reference: Madison, M. T., 1981: 363. 
Ecology: Cultivated herb. Andean I: cloud forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Madison 6969* (SEL)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Xanthosoma tarapotense Engl.



Xanthosoma tarapotense Engl.

Reference: Flora Peru: 853: 482. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I: rocky slopes. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Ule 6906* (B), Croat 58179 (MO!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Xanthosoma trichophyllum K. Krause



Xanthosoma trichophyllum K. Krause

Reference: Flora Peru: 853: 482; Madison, M. T., 1981: 362. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 29640* (US), Martin & Plowman 1822 (GH)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Xanthoxalis breviramulosa (Rusby) Holub


Xanthoxalis breviramulosa (Rusby) Holub = Oxalis bisfracta Turcz.

Reference: Holub, J., 1973: 175. 
Note: NN  


$


 Xanthoxalis corniculata (L.) Small


Xanthoxalis corniculata (L.) Small = Oxalis corniculata L.

Reference: FP 643: 561; Lourteig, A., 1983: 65. 


$


 Xanthoxalis filiformis (Kunth) Holub


Xanthoxalis filiformis (Kunth) Holub = Oxalis filiformis Kunth

Reference: Holub, J., 1973: 175. 


$


 Xanthoxalis lotoides (Kunth) Holub


Xanthoxalis lotoides (Kunth) Holub = Oxalis lotoides Kunth

Reference: Holub, J., 1973: 175. 


$


 Xanthoxalis micrantha (Bertero ex Colla) Holub


Xanthoxalis micrantha (Bertero ex Colla) Holub = Oxalis micrantha var. micrantha 

Reference: Holub, J., 1973: 175. 


$


 Xanthoxalis mollissima Rusby


Xanthoxalis mollissima Rusby = Oxalis mollissima (Rusby) R. Knuth

Reference: Knuth, R., 1930: 137. 


$


 Xanthoxalis ortgiesii (Regel) Holub


Xanthoxalis ortgiesii (Regel) Holub = Oxalis ortgiesii Regel

Reference: Holub, J., 1973: 175. 


$


 Xanthoxalis parvifolia (DC.) Holub


Xanthoxalis parvifolia (DC.) Holub = Oxalis filiformis Kunth

Reference: Holub, J., 1973: 175. 


$


 Xanthoxalis phaeotricha (Diels) Holub


Xanthoxalis phaeotricha (Diels) Holub = Oxalis phaeotricha Diels

Reference: Holub, J., 1973: 175. 


$


 Xanthoxalis spiralis (Ruiz & Pav. ex G. Don) Holub


Xanthoxalis spiralis (Ruiz & Pav. ex G. Don) Holub = Oxalis spiralis Ruiz & Pav. ex G. Don

Reference: Holub, J., 1973: 176. 


$


 Xanthoxalis sternbergii (Zucc.) Holub


Xanthoxalis sternbergii (Zucc.) Holub = Oxalis sexenata Savigny

Reference: Holub, J., 1973: 176. 


$


 Xanthoxalis tuberosa (Molina) Holub


Xanthoxalis tuberosa (Molina) Holub = Oxalis tuberosa Molina

Reference: Holub, J., 1973: 176. 


$


 Xantolis venulosa (C. Martius & Eichler) Baehni


Xantolis venulosa (C. Martius & Eichler) Baehni = Micropholis venulosa (C. Martius & Eichler) Pierre

Reference: FP 1297: 168; Pennington, T. D., 1990: 196. 


$


 XBorzipostoa mirabilis (Rauh & Backeb.) G.D. Rowley



XBorzipostoa mirabilis (Rauh & Backeb.) G.D. Rowley

Synonyms: XBorzipostoa mirabilis Rauh & Backeb.
Reference: Rowley, G. D., 1982: 47; Hunt, D., 1992: 38. 
Ecology: Endemic Erect, branched cactus. Coastal: dry valleys, shrublands. 0-500 m. 
Note: Accepted provisionally by Hunt (1992).  According to Rowley (1982a), this is a hybrid between Borzicactus icosagonus [=Cleistocactus icosagonus fide Hunt, 1992: 37] and Espostoa lanata. 
Voucher: Rauh K82 [1956] (ZSS)
Departments: Lambayeque.


$


 Xenophontia caryophylla Vell.


Xenophontia caryophylla Vell. = Barnadesia caryophylla (Vell.) S.F. Blake

Reference: Blake, S. F., 1925: 86; Chung, In-Cho, 1965: 38. 


$


 Xenopoma bolivianum (Benth.) Griseb.


Xenopoma bolivianum (Benth.) Griseb. = Satureja boliviana (Benth.) Briq.

Reference: Epling, C. & C. J&aacute;tiva, 1964: 412. 


$


 Xeraea decumbens (Jacq.) Kuntze


Xeraea decumbens (Jacq.) Kuntze = Gomphrena serrata L.

Reference: FP 1255: 510; Holzhammer, E., 1956: 201. 
Note: NN  


$


 Xeraea haenkeana (Mart.) Kuntze


Xeraea haenkeana (Mart.) Kuntze = Gomphrena haenkeana Mart.

Reference: FP 1255: 513. 


$


 Xeraea umbellata (Remy) Kuntze


Xeraea umbellata (Remy) Kuntze = Gomphrena umbellata Remy

Reference: FP 1255: 513. 


$


 Xeranthemum bracteatum Vent.


Xeranthemum bracteatum Vent. = Helichrysum bracteatum (Vent.) Andr.

Reference: FP 27926: 41. 


$


 Xerophyta vargasiana (L.B. Sm.) Menezes


Xerophyta vargasiana (L.B. Sm.) Menezes = Barbaceniopsis vargasiana (L.B. Sm.) L.B. Sm.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & E. S. Ayensu, 1976: 38. 


$


 Xerorchis amazonica Schltr.



Xerorchis amazonica Schltr.

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native saphrophyte. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Encarnaci&oacute;n 26194 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Xerorchis trichorhiza (Kraenzl.) Garay



Xerorchis trichorhiza (Kraenzl.) Garay

Synonyms: Xerorchis trichorhiza Kraenzl.
Reference: Garay, L. A., 1956: 241. 
Ecology: Native saphrophyte. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 10429 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto.


$


 XHaagespostoa albisetata (Akers) G.D. Rowley



XHaagespostoa albisetata (Akers) G.D. Rowley

Synonyms: XHaagespostoa albisetata (Akers) Backeb., XHaagespostoa albisetata (Akers) Cullman, XHaagespostoa albisetata Akers, XHaagespostoa albisetata Akers, XHaagespostoa albisetata Rauh & Backeb., XHaagespostoa albisetata Rauh & Backeb., XHaagespostoa albisetata Rauh & Backeb.
Reference: Rowley, G. D., 1982: 76; Hunt, D., 1992: 69. 
Ecology: Endemic Erect, branched cactus. Andean I-II: dry valleys, rocky slopes, shrublands. 1000-2000 m. 
Note: Accepted provisionally by Hunt (1992).  According to Rowley (1982), a hybrid between Espostoa haagei and Haageocereus multangularis; Hunt (1992: 62) lists E. haagei as a misapplied name equalling E. melanostele. 
Voucher: Akers s.n.* (unknown), Rauh K93 [1956] (ZSS)
Departments: Lima.


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 XHaagespostoa climaxantha (Werdermann) G.D. Rowley



XHaagespostoa climaxantha (Werdermann) G.D. Rowley

Synonyms: XHaagespostoa climaxantha (Werdermann) Backeb., XHaagespostoa climaxantha (Werdermann) Backeb., XHaagespostoa climaxantha (Werdermann) Croizat, XHaagespostoa climaxantha Akers, XHaagespostoa climaxantha Akers, XHaagespostoa climaxantha Rauh & Backeb., XHaagespostoa climaxantha Rauh & Backeb., XHaagespostoa climaxantha Werdermann
Reference: Rowley, G. D., 1982: 76; Hunt, D., 1992: 69. 
Ecology: Endemic Erect, branched cactus. Andean I, Coastal: dry valleys, rocky slopes. 500-1500 m. 
Note: Accepted provisionally by Hunt (1992).  According to Rowley (1982b), a hybrid between Espostoa haagei and Haageocereus albispinus; Hunt (1992: 62) lists E. haagei as a misapplied name  equalling E. melanostele. 
Voucher: Blossfeld 84* (B), Rauh K51 [1956] (ZSS)
Departments: Lima.


$


 Xiphidium album Willd.


Xiphidium album Willd. = Xiphidium caeruleum Aubl.

Reference: FP 1188: 631; Villaroel, F., 1971: 211. 


$


 Xiphidium caeruleum Aubl.



Xiphidium caeruleum Aubl.

Synonyms: Xiphidium caeruleum Willd.
Reference: Villaroel, F., 1971: 208; Simpson, M. G., 1990: 732. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I: riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-1500 m. 
Note: Often spelled as "coeruleum."  The orthography used here follows that of Maas (pers. comm.). 
Voucher: Barbour 5125 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Xiphochaeta aquatica Poepp.


Xiphochaeta aquatica Poepp. = Stilpnopappus aquaticus (Poepp.) Dillon

Reference: FP 1420: 4. 


$


 Xuaresia biflora Ruiz & Pav.


Xuaresia biflora Ruiz & Pav. = Capraria peruviana Benth.

Reference: FP 1361: 656. 


$


 Xylobium bractescens (Lindl.) Kraenzl.



Xylobium bractescens (Lindl.) Kraenzl.

Synonyms: Xylobium bractescens Lindl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 628; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean II: forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Peyton & Peyton 1372 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


$


 Xylobium carnosum (C. Presl) Schltr.


Xylobium carnosum (C. Presl) Schltr. = Xylobium squalens (Lindl.) Lindl.

Reference: FP 1473: 635; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


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 Xylobium colleyi (Bateman ex Lindl.) Rolfe



Xylobium colleyi (Bateman ex Lindl.) Rolfe

Synonyms: Xylobium colleyi Bateman ex Lindl.
Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. .. 500-1000 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Xylobium concavum (Lindl.) Hemsley, Godman & Salvin


Xylobium concavum (Lindl.) Hemsley, Godman & Salvin = Xylobium foveatum (Lindl.) Nicholson

Reference: FP 1473: 629; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Xylobium elatum Rolfe



Xylobium elatum Rolfe

Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 628; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. Andean II: riversides. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Forget s.n.* , Hutchison 1080 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Xylobium elongatum (Lindl. & Paxton) Hemsl., Godm. & Salvin



Xylobium elongatum (Lindl. & Paxton) Hemsl., Godm. & Salvin

Synonyms: Xylobium elongatum Lindl. & Paxton
Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 629; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology. 500-1500 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Xylobium filomenoi Schltr.


Xylobium filomenoi Schltr. = Xylobium foveatum (Lindl.) Nicholson

Reference: FP 1473: 631; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Xylobium foveatum (Lindl.) Nicholson



Xylobium foveatum (Lindl.) Nicholson

Synonyms: Xylobium foveatum (Lindl.) Hemsley, Godman & Salvin, Xylobium foveatum (Rchb. f.) Hemsley, Godman & Salvin, Xylobium foveatum Lindl., Xylobium foveatum Lindl., Xylobium foveatum Rchb. f., Xylobium foveatum Schltr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 629; Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 199. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean I-II: seasonally inundated areas. 1000-3500 m. 
Voucher: Bennett 3848 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Xylobium gracile Schltr.


Xylobium gracile Schltr. = Xylobium pallidiflorum (Hooker) Nicholson

Reference: FP 1510: 55; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Xylobium houtei Makoi ex Mutel


Xylobium houtei Makoi ex Mutel = Xylobium squalens (Lindl.) Lindl.

Reference: FP 1473: 634; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


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 Xylobium latifolium Schltr.


Xylobium latifolium Schltr. = Xylobium pallidiflorum (Hooker) Nicholson

Reference: FP 1473: 634; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Xylobium latilabium C. Schweinf.



Xylobium latilabium C. Schweinf.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 631; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Woytkowski 10* 
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Xylobium leontoglossum (Reichenbach f.) Rolfe



Xylobium leontoglossum (Reichenbach f.) Rolfe

Synonyms: Xylobium leontoglossum Rchb. f.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1510: 55; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean II: rocky slopes. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Pastorelli illus.  


$


 Xylobium ornatum (Klotzsch) Rolfe



Xylobium ornatum (Klotzsch) Rolfe

Synonyms: Xylobium ornatum Klotzsch
Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 632; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Xylobium pallidiflorum (Hooker) Nicholson



Xylobium pallidiflorum (Hooker) Nicholson

Synonyms: Xylobium pallidiflorum (Schlechter) C. Schweinf., Xylobium pallidiflorum Hooker, Xylobium pallidiflorum Klotzsch, Xylobium pallidiflorum Schltr., Xylobium pallidiflorum Schltr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 634; Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 200. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Andean I: forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 3619 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Xylobium scabrilingue (Lindley) Schltr.


Xylobium scabrilingue (Lindley) Schltr. = Xylobium squalens (Lindl.) Lindl.

Reference: FP 1473: 635; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


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 Xylobium squalens (Lindl.) Lindl.



Xylobium squalens (Lindl.) Lindl.

Synonyms: Xylobium squalens (C. Presl) Schltr., Xylobium squalens (Lindl.) Hooker, Xylobium squalens (Lindley) Lindl., Xylobium squalens (Lindley) Schltr., Xylobium squalens (Poeppig & Endlicher) Schltr., Xylobium squalens C. Presl, Xylobium squalens Lindl., Xylobium squalens Lindl., Xylobium squalens Makoi ex Mutel, Xylobium squalens Poepp. & Endl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 634; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 8079 (MO!)
Departments: Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Puno, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Xylobium squalens var. gracile (Schlechter) C. Schweinf.


Xylobium squalens var. gracile (Schlechter) C. Schweinf. = Xylobium pallidiflorum (Hooker) Nicholson

Reference: FP 1510: 55; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Xylobium stachybiorum (Rchb. f.) Hemsley, Godman & Salvin


Xylobium stachybiorum (Rchb. f.) Hemsley, Godman & Salvin = Xylobium foveatum (Lindl.) Nicholson

Reference: FP 1473: 631. 


$


 Xylobium subintegrum C. Schweinf.



Xylobium subintegrum C. Schweinf.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 636; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 
Ecology. 1000-2000 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 3120* , Woytkowski 61 (MO!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Xylobium supinum (Poeppig & Endlicher) Schltr.


Xylobium supinum (Poeppig & Endlicher) Schltr. = Xylobium squalens (Lindl.) Lindl.

Reference: FP 1473: 635; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Xylobium undulatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Rolfe



Xylobium undulatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Rolfe

Synonyms: Xylobium undulatum (R. & P.) Pers., Xylobium undulatum Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1473: 636; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Endemic epiphytic herb. . 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   
Voucher: Pav&oacute;n s.n.*  
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


$


 Xylobium variegatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Garay & Dunst.



Xylobium variegatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Garay & Dunst.

Synonyms: Xylobium variegatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers., Xylobium variegatum Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1510: 55; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Xylophragma pratense (Bureau & Schumann ex Schumann) Sprague



Xylophragma pratense (Bureau & Schumann ex Schumann) Sprague

Synonyms: Xylophragma pratense (Bureau & Schumann ex Schumann) Bureau & K. Schum., Xylophragma pratense Bureau & Schumann ex Schumann, Xylophragma pratense Poepp. ex Bureau & K. Schum.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1362: 65. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian, Andean I: terra firme forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 2316* , Klug 3847 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Xylophragma seemannianum (Kuntze) Sandwith



Xylophragma seemannianum (Kuntze) Sandwith

Synonyms: Xylophragma seemannianum Kuntze
Reference: Gentry, A. H., 1982: 429. 
Ecology: Native liana. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez s.n. (MO!)
Departments: Madre de Dios.


$


 Xylophragma xanthophylla (A. DC.) J.F. Macbr.


Xylophragma xanthophylla (A. DC.) J.F. Macbr. = Spathicalyx xanthophylla (A. DC.) A.H. Gentry

Reference: FP 1362: 65; Gentry, A. H., 1977: 137. 


$


 Xylopia amoena R.E. Fr.



Xylopia amoena R.E. Fr.

Reference: Fries, R. E., 1947: 7. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Asplund 14164* (S)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart.



Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart.

Synonyms: Xylopia aromatica Lam.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1277: 745. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry & Smith 45548 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Xylopia barbata Mart.



Xylopia barbata Mart.

Reference: Maas, P. J. M., E. A. Mennega & L. Y. Th. Westra, 1987: 126. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez et al. 4048 
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Xylopia benthamii R.E. Fr.



Xylopia benthamii R.E. Fr.

Synonyms: Xylopia benthamii Diels, Xylopia benthamii R.E. Fr., Xylopia benthamii R.E. Fr.
Reference: Spichiger, R., J. Meroz, P. Loizeau & L. Stutz de Ortega, 1989: 134. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: N&uacute;&ntilde;ez et al. 11349 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Xylopia benthamii var. dolichopetala R.E. Fr.


Xylopia benthamii var. dolichopetala R.E. Fr. = Xylopia benthamii R.E. Fr.

Reference: Fries, R. E., 1947: 8. 


$


 Xylopia benthamii var. subnuda R.E. Fr.


Xylopia benthamii var. subnuda R.E. Fr. = Xylopia benthamii R.E. Fr.

Reference: FP 1277: 746; Spichiger, R., J. Meroz, P. Loizeau & L. Stutz de Ortega, 1989: 134. 


$


 Xylopia calophylla R.E. Fr.



Xylopia calophylla R.E. Fr.

Reference: Maas, P. J. M., E. A. Mennega & L. Y. Th. Westra, 1987: 127. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 51497 (MO!)
Departments: Madre de Dios.


$


 Xylopia calycina Diels


Xylopia calycina Diels = Diclinanona calycina (Diels) R.E. Fr.

Reference: FP 1277: 743. 


$


 Xylopia conjungens R.E. Fr.



Xylopia conjungens R.E. Fr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1277: 745. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 970* (B), V&aacute;squez et al. 4048 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Pasco.


$


 Xylopia cuspidata Diels



Xylopia cuspidata Diels

Synonyms: Xylopia cuspidata Fries, Xylopia cuspidata Poepp.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1277: 747; Fries, R. E., 1947: 9; Maas & Westra, 1993 [in press]. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Tessmann 5323* (B photo MO!), V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 4811 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Xylopia densiflora R.E. Fr.



Xylopia densiflora R.E. Fr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1277: 744. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 3923* (MO!), Reynel 55 (MOL!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Pasco.


$


 Xylopia excellens R.E. Fr.



Xylopia excellens R.E. Fr.

Reference: Maas, P. J. M., E. C. H. van Heusden, J. Koek-Noorman, A. K. van Setten, & L. Y. Th. Westra, 1988: 267. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez et al. 2791 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Xylopia frutescens Aubl.



Xylopia frutescens Aubl.

Reference: Maas, P. J. M., E. A. Mennega & L. Y. Th. Westra, 1987: 128. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez et al. 7389 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Xylopia frutescens Sieb. ex Presl


Xylopia frutescens Sieb. ex Presl = Annona squamosa L.

Reference: FP 1277: 756. 
Note: NN  


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 Xylopia ligustrifolia Humb. & Bonpl. ex Dunal



Xylopia ligustrifolia Humb. & Bonpl. ex Dunal

Synonyms: Xylopia ligustrifolia (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Dunal) Kuntze, Xylopia ligustrifolia Diels, Xylopia ligustrifolia Humb. & Bonpl. ex Dunal
Reference: Flora Peru: 1277: 745. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests, swamps. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Tessmann 3217* (B photo MO!), Croat 19620 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Xylopia micans R.E. Fr.



Xylopia micans R.E. Fr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1277: 744; Spichiger, R., J. Meroz, P. Loizeau & L. Stutz de Ortega, 1989: 134. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, tree. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 3034* (MO!), V&aacute;squez et al. 1001 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Xylopia multiflora R.E. Fr.



Xylopia multiflora R.E. Fr.

$


 Xylopia neglecta (Kuntze) R.E. Fr.


Xylopia neglecta (Kuntze) R.E. Fr. = Xylopia parviflora Spruce

Reference: Maas, P. J. M., E. C. H. van Heusden, J. Koek-Noorman, A. K. van Setten, & L. Y. Th. Westra, 1986: 277. 


$


 Xylopia parviflora Spruce



Xylopia parviflora Spruce

Synonyms: Xylopia parviflora (Kuntze) R.E. Fr., Xylopia parviflora Kuntze
Reference: Spichiger, R., J. Meroz, P. Loizeau & L. Stutz de Ortega, 1989: 138. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 7736 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Xylopia peruviana R.E. Fr.



Xylopia peruviana R.E. Fr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1277: 746. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 4166* (W), Maas et al. 6013 (MO!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Xylopia poeppigii Fries


Xylopia poeppigii Fries = Xylopia cuspidata Diels

Reference: FP 1277: 747; Maas & Westra, 1993 [in press]. 


$


 Xylopia ruscifolia Humb. & Bonpl. ex Dunal


Xylopia ruscifolia Humb. & Bonpl. ex Dunal = Xylopia ligustrifolia Humb. & Bonpl. ex Dunal

Reference: FP 1277: 745. 


$


 Xylopia sericea A. St.-Hil.



Xylopia sericea A. St.-Hil.

Reference: Maas, P. J. M., E. A. Mennega & L. Y. Th. Westra, 1987: 132. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez et al. 6582 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Ucayali.


$


 Xylopia ulei Diels


Xylopia ulei Diels = Xylopia benthamii R.E. Fr.

Reference: Maas, P. J. M., E. C. H. van Heusden, J. Koek-Noorman, A. K. van Setten, & L. Y. Th. Westra, 1986: 277. 


$


 Xylopia usitata Diels


Xylopia usitata Diels = Xylopia ligustrifolia Humb. & Bonpl. ex Dunal

Reference: FP 1277: 745. 


$


 Xylopicrum ligustrifolium (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Dunal) Kuntze


Xylopicrum ligustrifolium (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Dunal) Kuntze = Xylopia ligustrifolia Humb. & Bonpl. ex Dunal

Reference: FP 1277: 745. 


$


 Xylopicrum neglectum Kuntze


Xylopicrum neglectum Kuntze = Xylopia parviflora Spruce

Reference: Maas, P. J. M., E. C. H. van Heusden, J. Koek-Noorman, A. K. van Setten, & L. Y. Th. Westra, 1986: 277. 


$


 Xylopleurum multicaule (Ruiz & Pav.) Loes.


Xylopleurum multicaule (Ruiz & Pav.) Loes. = Oenothera multicaulis Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 763: 538. 


$


 Xylopleurum roseum (Aiton) Raim. in Engl. & Prantl


Xylopleurum roseum (Aiton) Raim. in Engl. & Prantl = Oenothera rosea Aiton

Reference: FP 763: 539. 


$


 Xylosma armatum J.F. Macbr.


Xylosma armatum J.F. Macbr. = Xylosma benthamii (Tul.) Triana & Planch.

Reference: FP 732: 31; Sleumer, H., 1980: 179. 


$


 Xylosma benthamii (Tul.) Triana & Planch.



Xylosma benthamii (Tul.) Triana & Planch.

Synonyms: Xylosma benthamii (Tul.) Clos, Xylosma benthamii Bentham, Xylosma benthamii Bentham ex Eichler, Xylosma benthamii Eichler, Xylosma benthamii J.F. Macbr., Xylosma benthamii J.F. Macbr., Xylosma benthamii Tul.
Reference: Flora Peru: 732: 31; Sleumer, H., 1980: 179. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 83 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Tumbes.


$


 Xylosma cordatum (Kunth) Gilg



Xylosma cordatum (Kunth) Gilg

Synonyms: Xylosma cordatum J.F. Macbr., Xylosma cordatum Kunth
Reference: Flora Peru: 732: 32; Sleumer, H., 1980: 165. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Andean II: forests. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Humboldt & Bonpland 3473* (B destroyed, photo F), Sag&aacute;stegui et al. 8497 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Piura, Tumbes.


$


 Xylosma digynum Eichler


Xylosma digynum Eichler = Xylosma benthamii (Tul.) Triana & Planch.

Reference: FP 732: 32; Sleumer, H., 1980: 179. 


$


 Xylosma intermedium (Seem.) Triana & Planch.



Xylosma intermedium (Seem.) Triana & Planch.

Synonyms: Xylosma intermedium Seem.
Reference: Sleumer, H., 1980: 144. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Kayap s.n. (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Ucayali.


$


 Xylosma minutiflora J.F. Macbr.


Xylosma minutiflora J.F. Macbr. = Margaritaria nobilis L. f.

Reference: FP 674: 47; Sleumer, H., 1980: 182. 


$


 Xylosma pilosa J.F. Macbr.


Xylosma pilosa J.F. Macbr. = Xylosma benthamii (Tul.) Triana & Planch.

Reference: FP 732: 33; Sleumer, H., 1980: 179. 


$


 Xylosma prockia (Turczaninow) Turcz.



Xylosma prockia (Turczaninow) Turcz.

Synonyms: Xylosma prockia (Clos) Eichler, Xylosma prockia Clos, Xylosma prockia Turcz.
Reference: Sleumer, H., 1980: 172. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: riversides. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Mathias & Taylor 6021 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Xylosma raimondii Sleumer



Xylosma raimondii Sleumer

Reference: Sleumer, H., 1980: 168. 
Ecology. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Jelski 22* (W fragm. L), Raimondi (& Jelski) 3369 (B destroyed, USM)
Departments: Cajamarca.


$


 Xylosma ruizianum Sleumer



Xylosma ruizianum Sleumer

Reference: Flora Peru: 732: 33; Sleumer, H., 1980: 161. 
Ecology: Endemic tree, treelet. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type collection which is questionably from Peru.  
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA)


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 Xylosma salzmannii (Clos) Eichler


Xylosma salzmannii (Clos) Eichler = Xylosma prockia (Turczaninow) Turcz.

Reference: FP 732: 34; Sleumer, H., 1980: 173. 


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 Xylosma tessmannii Sleumer



Xylosma tessmannii Sleumer

Reference: Flora Peru: 732: 34; Sleumer, H., 1980: 181. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: seasonally inundated areas, terra firme forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Tessmann 5153* (B destroyed, NY), Klug 3026 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Xylosma velutina (Tul.) Triana & Planch.



Xylosma velutina (Tul.) Triana & Planch.

Synonyms: Xylosma velutina Clos, Xylosma velutina Tul.
Reference: Sleumer, H., 1980: 149. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui & Cabanillas 8666 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Piura.


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 Xyris acutifolia (Heimer) Malme


Xyris acutifolia (Heimer) Malme = Xyris subulata var. acutifolia Heimerl

Reference: Kral, R., 1988: 586. 


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 Xyris caroliniana var.caroliniana



Xyris caroliniana var. caroliniana 

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1963: 4; Kral, pers. comm.. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Xyris caroliniana var. major (C. Martius) Idrobo & L.B. Sm.


Xyris caroliniana var. major (C. Martius) Idrobo & L.B. Sm. = Xyris laxifolia Mart.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1963: 5; Kral, R., 1988: 538. 


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 Xyris caroliniana Walter



Xyris caroliniana Walter

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 Xyris confusa L.B. Smith & R.J. Downs



Xyris confusa L.B. Smith & R.J. Downs

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1963: 8; Kral, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: bogs, disturbed areas, shrublands. 1500-3500 m. 
Voucher: Smith 4152 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Pasco.


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 Xyris filiscapa Malme


Xyris filiscapa Malme = Xyris guianensis Steud.

Reference: Kral, R., 1988: 635. 


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 Xyris jupicai Rich.



Xyris jupicai Rich.

Reference: Kral, R., 1988: 540. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests on white sand. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 21303 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Xyris lacerata Pohl ex Seubert in Mart.



Xyris lacerata Pohl ex Seubert in Mart.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1174: 488; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1963: 6. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: shrublands. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: The specimen cited in the Flora of Peru, Killip & Smith 25693, is redetermined by Smith & Downs (1963) as X. confusa.  
Voucher: Woytkowski 35329 (F!)
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Xyris laxifolia Mart.



Xyris laxifolia Mart.

Synonyms: Xyris laxifolia (C. Martius) Idrobo & L.B. Sm., Xyris laxifolia (C. Martius) Lyman B. Smith & Downs, Xyris laxifolia (C. Martius) Nilsson, Xyris laxifolia Mart., Xyris laxifolia Vahl
Reference: Kral, R., 1988: 538. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests on white sand, seasonally inundated areas, shrublands, swamps. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ayala 2079 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Xyris laxifolia var. major Mart.


Xyris laxifolia var. major Mart. = Xyris laxifolia Mart.

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1963: 5; Kral, pers. comm.. 


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 Xyris macbrideana L.B. Smith & R. J. Downs



Xyris macbrideana L.B. Smith & R. J. Downs

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1963: 7; Kral, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: disturbed areas. 1500-2000 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Macbride 5183* (F!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco.


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 Xyris macrocephala Vahl


Xyris macrocephala Vahl = Xyris laxifolia Mart.

Reference: FP 1174: 488; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1963: 4; Kral, R., 1988: 538. 


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 Xyris savanensis Miq.



Xyris savanensis Miq.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1174: 488; Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1963: 5; Kral, R., 1988: 668. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas, savannas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Knapp et al. 7625 (MO!), Weberbauer 4571 (MOL!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Xyris subulata Ruiz & Pav.



Xyris subulata Ruiz & Pav.

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 Xyris subulata Ruiz & Pav. var.subulata



Xyris subulata Ruiz & Pav. var. subulata 

Synonyms: Xyris subulata var. subulata Nilss.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1174: 489; Kral, R., 1988: 584. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: disturbed areas, elfin forests, submerged. 2500-4500 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Weberbauer 6142 (F!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Puno.


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 Xyris subulata var.acutifolia Heimerl



Xyris subulata var. acutifolia Heimerl

Synonyms: Xyris subulata acutifolia (Heimer) Malme
Reference: Kral, R., 1988: 586. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian, Andean I-II: bogs, elfin forests, forests on white sand, grasslands. 0-3500 m. 
Voucher: Hutchison & Wright 5577 (MO!), Smith 7714 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Xyris subulata var.breviscapa Idrobo & L.B. Sm.



Xyris subulata var. breviscapa Idrobo & L.B. Sm.

Reference: Kral, R., 1988: 585. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: grasslands. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: Dudley 11058 (F!)
Departments: Cuzco.


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 Xyris subulata var. macrotona Nilss.


Xyris subulata var. macrotona Nilss. = Xyris subulata Ruiz & Pav. var. subulata 

Reference: FP 1174: 489; Kral, R., 1988: 584. 


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 Xyris tenella Kunth



Xyris tenella Kunth

Reference: Kral, R., 1988: 688. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: disturbed areas. 2500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Smith 2791 (MO!)
Departments: Pasco.


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 Xyris tristis L.B. Smith & R.J. Downs



Xyris tristis L.B. Smith & R.J. Downs

Reference: Smith, L. B. & R. J. Downs, 1963: 9; Kral, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Andean II: disturbed areas, forests on white sand. 3000-3500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Stork & Horton 10168* (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


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 Yangua tinctoria Spruce


Yangua tinctoria Spruce = Cybistax antisyphilitica (Mart.) C. Mart. ex DC.

Reference: FP 1362: 90; Gentry, A. H., 1992: 26. 


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 Yarina microcarpa (Ruiz & Pav.) Cook


Yarina microcarpa (Ruiz & Pav.) Cook = Phytelephas macrocarpa Ruiz & Pav. subsp. macrocarpa 

Reference: FP 39695: 326; Barfod, A. S., 1991: 58. 


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 Ygramela maritima Raf.


Ygramela maritima Raf. = Limosella subulata E. Ives

Reference: FP 1361: 682. 


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 Yucaratonia brenningii (Harms) Burkart



Yucaratonia brenningii (Harms) Burkart

Synonyms: Yucaratonia brenningii Harms
Reference: Burkart, A., 1969: 526; Lavin, M., 1987: 63. 
Ecology: Native tree. Coastal: rocky slopes, semi-deciduous forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 2070* (B photo F!), Simpson & Schunke 516 (F, USM!)
Departments: Tumbes.


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$


 Zacintha nutans Vell.


Zacintha nutans Vell. = ?  

Reference: Stahl, B., 1991: 43. 
Note: NN  


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 Zamia lindenii Regel ex Andr&eacute;


Zamia lindenii Regel ex Andr&eacute; = Zamia poeppigiana Mart. & Eichler

Reference: FP 606: 81; Sabato, S., 1990: 179. 


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 Zamia poeppigiana Mart. & Eichler



Zamia poeppigiana Mart. & Eichler

Synonyms: Zamia poeppigiana Regel ex Andr&eacute;
Reference: Flora Peru: 606: 82; Sabato, S., 1990: 179; Stevenson, D. W., R. Osborne & J. Hendricks, 1990: 206. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean I: forests. 500-1000 m. 
Note: No voucher cited by Stevenson et al., 1990.  
Voucher: Poeppig s.n.* (F), Williams 5373 (US)
Departments: Amazonas, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n, Tumbes.


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 Zamia ulei Dammer



Zamia ulei Dammer

Reference: Flora Peru: 606: 82; Stevenson, D. W., R. Osborne & J. Hendricks, 1990: 206. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Plowman et al. s.n. (USM!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Zannichellia palustris L.



Zannichellia palustris L.

Reference: Flora Peru: 620: 89; Haynes, R. R. & L. B. Holm-Nielsen, 1986: 71. 
Ecology: Native aquatic herb. Andean II: submerged. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Soukup 2183 (F!)
Departments: Arequipa, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Ica, Lima.


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 Zanthoxylum acreanum (Krause) J.F. Macbr.


Zanthoxylum acreanum (Krause) J.F. Macbr. = Zanthoxylum juniperinum Poepp.

Reference: FP 655: 664. 


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 Zanthoxylum albuquerquei D.R. Simpson



Zanthoxylum albuquerquei D.R. Simpson

Reference: Simpson, D. R., 1982: 314. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Castillo 16* (F)
Departments: Ucayali.


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 Zanthoxylum belizense Lundell


Zanthoxylum belizense Lundell = Zanthoxylum ekmanii (Urban) Alain

Reference: Porter, D. M. & T. S. Elias, 1979: 149. 


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 Zanthoxylum caribaeum Lam.



Zanthoxylum caribaeum Lam.

Synonyms: Zanthoxylum caribaeum (Lam.) Krug & Urb.
Reference: Wilson, P., 1911: 193. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 29998 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios.


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 Zanthoxylum compactum (Huber ex Albuquerque) Waterman



Zanthoxylum compactum (Huber ex Albuquerque) Waterman

Synonyms: Zanthoxylum compactum Huber ex Albuquerque
Reference: Waterman, P. G., 1975: 363. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Croat 18897 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Zanthoxylum culantrillo Kunth



Zanthoxylum culantrillo Kunth

Synonyms: Zanthoxylum culantrillo (Kunth) Krug & Urb.
Reference: Flora Peru: 655: 664. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Reynel 4295 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Madre de Dios, Piura, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Zanthoxylum ekmanii (Urban) Alain



Zanthoxylum ekmanii (Urban) Alain

Synonyms: Zanthoxylum ekmanii D.R. Simpson, Zanthoxylum ekmanii Lundell, Zanthoxylum ekmanii Urb.
Reference: Porter, D. M. & T. S. Elias, 1979: 149. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: disturbed areas, semi-deciduous forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Lao 45 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Zanthoxylum fagara (L.) Sarg.



Zanthoxylum fagara (L.) Sarg.

Synonyms: Zanthoxylum fagara L., Zanthoxylum fagara L.
Reference: Flora Peru: 655: 665. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: grasslands. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: D&iacute;az et al. 3513 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Piura.


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 Zanthoxylum huberi Waterman



Zanthoxylum huberi Waterman

Reference: Waterman, P. G., 1975: 366. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 25819 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Zanthoxylum juniperinum Poepp.



Zanthoxylum juniperinum Poepp.

Synonyms: Zanthoxylum juniperinum (Donn. Sm.) Engl., Zanthoxylum juniperinum (Krause) J.F. Macbr., Zanthoxylum juniperinum (Poeppig) Engl., Zanthoxylum juniperinum Donn. Sm., Zanthoxylum juniperinum Krause
Reference: Flora Peru: 655: 665. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 2465* 
Departments: Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Hu&aacute;nuco, Ucayali, Madre de Dios.


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 Zanthoxylum kellermanii P. Wilson



Zanthoxylum kellermanii P. Wilson

Synonyms: Zanthoxylum kellermanii (P. Wilson) Engl.
Reference: Wilson, P., 1911: 195. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II: forests. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Smith 1304 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


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 Zanthoxylum mantaro (J.F. Macbr.) J.F. Macbr.



Zanthoxylum mantaro (J.F. Macbr.) J.F. Macbr.

Synonyms: Zanthoxylum mantaro J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 655: 666. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub, tree. . 
Voucher: Weberbauer 6585* 
Departments: Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n.


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 Zanthoxylum melanostictum Schltr. & Cham.



Zanthoxylum melanostictum Schltr. & Cham.

Synonyms: Zanthoxylum melanostictum (Schltr. & Cham.) Engl.
Reference: Porter, D. M. & T. S. Elias, 1979: 155. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean II: cloud forests. 2000-2500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 61566 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca.


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 Zanthoxylum monophyllum (Lam.) P. Wilson



Zanthoxylum monophyllum (Lam.) P. Wilson

Synonyms: Zanthoxylum monophyllum Lam.
Reference: Wilson, P., 1911: 192. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian, Andean I: rocky slopes. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Gentry & Smith 45013 (MO!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Zanthoxylum obscurum var. ruizianum Engl. in Mart.


Zanthoxylum obscurum var. ruizianum Engl. in Mart. = Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam.

Reference: FP 655: 667; Albuquerque, B. W. P. de, 1977: 56. 


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 Zanthoxylum procerum Donn. Sm.


Zanthoxylum procerum Donn. Sm. = Zanthoxylum juniperinum Poepp.

Reference: FP 655: 665; Wilson, P., 1911: 158. 


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 Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam.



Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam.

Synonyms: Zanthoxylum rhoifolium ( Engl. in Mart.) J.F. Macbr., Zanthoxylum rhoifolium (Lam.) Engl., Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Engl., Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Engl. in Mart.
Reference: Albuquerque, B. W. P. de, 1977: 56. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: terra firme forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry et al. 26260 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


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 Zanthoxylum rhoifolium var. sessilifolium Engl.


Zanthoxylum rhoifolium var. sessilifolium Engl. = Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam.

Reference: FP 655: 667; Albuquerque, B. W. P. de, 1977: 56. 


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 Zanthoxylum riedelianum Engl.



Zanthoxylum riedelianum Engl.

Synonyms: Zanthoxylum riedelianum (Engl.) Engl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 655: 666. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Zanthoxylum ruizianum ( Engl. in Mart.) J.F. Macbr.


Zanthoxylum ruizianum ( Engl. in Mart.) J.F. Macbr. = Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam.

Reference: FP 655: 667; Albuquerque, B. W. P. de, 1977: 56. 


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 Zanthoxylum sobrevielae D.R. Simpson


Zanthoxylum sobrevielae D.R. Simpson = Zanthoxylum ekmanii (Urban) Alain

Reference: Simpson, D. R., 1982: 316. 


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 Zanthoxylum sprucei Engl.



Zanthoxylum sprucei Engl.

Synonyms: Zanthoxylum sprucei (Engl.) Engl.
Reference: Flora Peru: 655: 668. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Spruce 4187* 
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Zanthoxylum tumbezanum (J.F. Macbr.) J.F. Macbr.



Zanthoxylum tumbezanum (J.F. Macbr.) J.F. Macbr.

Synonyms: Zanthoxylum tumbezanum J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 655: 669. 
Ecology. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 7642* , Gentry & D&iacute;az 58238 (MO!)
Departments: Tumbes.


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 Zanthoxylum valens (J. F. Macbride) L.O. Williams



Zanthoxylum valens (J. F. Macbride) L.O. Williams

Synonyms: Zanthoxylum valens J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Flora Peru: 655: 669. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Williams 1962* 
Departments: Loreto.


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 Zanthoxylum weberbaueri (Krause) J.F. Macbr.



Zanthoxylum weberbaueri (Krause) J.F. Macbr.

Synonyms: Zanthoxylum weberbaueri Krause
Reference: Flora Peru: 655: 670. 
Ecology. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 4769 
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Zapania citriodora Lam.


Zapania citriodora Lam. = Aloysia triphylla (L'H&eacute;r.) Britton

Reference: FP 1286: 654; L&oacute;pez-Palacios, S., 1977: 182. 


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 Zapania nodiflora var. rosea D. Don


Zapania nodiflora var. rosea D. Don = Lippia nodiflora (L.) Michx.

Reference: FP 1286: 651; Munz, P. A. & D. D. Keck, 1959: 689. 


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 Zapania reptans Spreng.


Zapania reptans Spreng. = Lippia nodiflora (L.) Michx.

Reference: Nash, D. L. & M. Nee, 1984: 93. 


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 Zapoteca amazonica (Benth.) H. Hern&aacute;ndez



Zapoteca amazonica (Benth.) H. Hern&aacute;ndez

Synonyms: Zapoteca amazonica Benth., Zapoteca amazonica Poepp.
Reference: Hern&aacute;ndez, H. M., 1989: 858. 
Ecology: Native liana, shrub, subshrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: forests. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Poeppig 2070* (F), Knapp & Alcorn 7377 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Huancavelica, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


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 Zapoteca andina H.M. Hern.



Zapoteca andina H.M. Hern.

Reference: Hern&aacute;ndez, H. M., 1989: 836. 
Ecology: Native shrub, subshrub. Andean I-III: terra firme forests. 1000-3000 m. 
Voucher: Sag&aacute;stegui & L&oacute;pez 10627 (MO!)
Departments: Cajamarca, La Libertad, Piura.


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 Zapoteca caracasana (Jacq.) H.M. Hern.



Zapoteca caracasana (Jacq.) H.M. Hern.

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 Zapoteca caracasana (Jacq.) H.M. Hern. subsp.caracasana



Zapoteca caracasana (Jacq.) H.M. Hern. subsp. caracasana 

Synonyms: Zapoteca caracasana caracasana (Jacq.) Benth., Zapoteca caracasana caracasana (Jacq.) Willd., Zapoteca caracasana caracasana Jacq.
Reference: Hern&aacute;ndez, H. M., 1989: 828. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean I-II, Coastal: disturbed areas. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Killip & Smith 23091 (NY)
Departments: Ayacucho.


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 Zapoteca caracasana subsp.weberbaueri (Harms) H.M. Hern.



Zapoteca caracasana subsp. weberbaueri (Harms) H.M. Hern.

Synonyms: Zapoteca caracasana weberbaueri Harms
Reference: Hern&aacute;ndez, H. M., 1989: 831. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Andean I-II, Coastal: dry valleys, forests. 0-2500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 6511* (B photo F!), Ferreyra et al. 10685 (MO!)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac, Cuzco, Huancavelica, Lambayeque, Tumbes.


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 Zapoteca filipes (Benth.) H. Hern&aacute;ndez



Zapoteca filipes (Benth.) H. Hern&aacute;ndez

Synonyms: Zapoteca filipes Benth.
Reference: Hern&aacute;ndez, H. M., 1989: 818. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   The basionym was reported incorrectly in the Flora of Peru as occurring in Peru. 


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 Zapoteca portoricensis (Jacq.) H.M. Hern.



Zapoteca portoricensis (Jacq.) H.M. Hern.

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 Zapoteca portoricensis subsp.flavida (Urb.) H.M. Hern.



Zapoteca portoricensis subsp. flavida (Urb.) H.M. Hern.

Synonyms: Zapoteca portoricensis flavida Urb.
Reference: Hern&aacute;ndez, H. M., 1989: 825. 
Ecology: Native subshrub. Amazonian, Andean I: riversides. 0-1000 m. 
Voucher: Schunke 2571 (F)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


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 Zapoteca portoricensis var.portoricensis



Zapoteca portoricensis var. portoricensis 

Synonyms: Zapoteca portoricensis portoricensis (Jacq.) Benth., Zapoteca portoricensis portoricensis Jacq.
Reference: Hern&aacute;ndez, H. M., 1989: 818. 
Note: Not known from Peru.   


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 Zea macrosperma Klotzsch


Zea macrosperma Klotzsch = Zea mays subsp. mays 

Reference: Davidse, pers. comm.. 


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 Zea mays L.



Zea mays L.

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 Zea mays subsp.mays



Zea mays subsp. mays 

Synonyms: Zea mays mays Bonaf., Zea mays mays Klotzsch, Zea mays var. mays Yarchuk
Reference: Flora Peru: 719: 259; Iltis, H. H. & J. F. Doebley, 1980: 1001. 
Ecology: Cultivated herb. Andean III: disturbed areas. 3500-4000 m. 
Voucher: Davis et al. 1767 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco.


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 Zea mays var. subnigroviolacea Yarchuk


Zea mays var. subnigroviolacea Yarchuk = Zea mays subsp. mays 

Reference: Davidse, pers. comm.. 


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 Zea rostrata Bonaf.


Zea rostrata Bonaf. = Zea mays subsp. mays 

Reference: Davidse, pers. comm.. 


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 Zebrina pendula Schnizl.


Zebrina pendula Schnizl. = Tradescantia zebrina Hort ex Bosse

Reference: FP 1181: 608; Faden, pers. comm.. 


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 Zephyranthes albicans (Herbert) Baker



Zephyranthes albicans (Herbert) Baker

Synonyms: Zephyranthes albicans (Herbert) Sprague, Zephyranthes albicans Herbert
Reference: Flora Peru: 1190: 669; Meerow, A. W., 1990: 5. 
Ecology: Native herb. Coastal: lomas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Vargas 8578 (MO!)
Departments: Arequipa, Moquegua.


$


 Zephyranthes aurea (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) Baker


Zephyranthes aurea (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) Baker = Pyrolirion aureum (Ruiz & Pav.) Herbert

Reference: FP 1190: 668. 


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 Zephyranthes beustii Schinz


Zephyranthes beustii Schinz = Zephyranthes flava (Herbert) Baker

Reference: FP 1190: 667. 


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 Zephyranthes briquetii J.F. Macbr.



Zephyranthes briquetii J.F. Macbr.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1190: 667. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Region uncertain: grasslands. . 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.     
Voucher: Weberbauer 7322* (F!)
Departments: Moquegua.


$


 Zephyranthes flammea (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) Baker


Zephyranthes flammea (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) Baker = Zephyranthes tubiflora var. flammea (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) J.F. Macbr.

Reference: FP 1190: 668. 


$


 Zephyranthes flava (Herbert) Baker



Zephyranthes flava (Herbert) Baker

Synonyms: Zephyranthes flava Herbert, Zephyranthes flava Schinz
Reference: Flora Peru: 1190: 667. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I-II, Coastal: forests on white sand. 0-3500 m. 
Note:   
Voucher: Hutchson & Wright 7114 (F!, USM!)
Departments: Ica, Jun&iacute;n, Lima.


$


 Zephyranthes gracilis Herbert



Zephyranthes gracilis Herbert

Reference: Flora Peru: 1190: 668. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Zephyranthes grandiflora Lindl.



Zephyranthes grandiflora Lindl.

$


 Zephyranthes parvula Killip



Zephyranthes parvula Killip

Reference: Flora Peru: 1190: 668. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II-III: grasslands. 3000-4000 m. 
Voucher: West 7168 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n, Lima, Puno.


$


 Zephyranthes pseudocolchicum Kraenzl.



Zephyranthes pseudocolchicum Kraenzl.

Synonyms: Zephyranthes pseudocolchicum J.F. Macbr.


$


 Zephyranthes rosea Lindl.



Zephyranthes rosea Lindl.

$


 Zephyranthes tubiflora (L'Heritier) Schinz



Zephyranthes tubiflora (L'Heritier) Schinz

$


 Zephyranthes tubiflora var.flammea (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) J.F. Macbr.



Zephyranthes tubiflora var. flammea (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) J.F. Macbr.

Synonyms: Zephyranthes tubiflora flammea (Ruiz Lopez & Pavon) Baker, Zephyranthes tubiflora flammea Ruiz & Pav.
Reference: Flora Peru: 1190: 668. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Zephyranthes tubiflora var.tubiflora



Zephyranthes tubiflora var. tubiflora 

Synonyms: Zephyranthes tubiflora tubiflora Ker Gawler, Zephyranthes tubiflora tubiflora L'Heritier
Reference: Flora Peru: 1190: 668. 
Ecology: Cultivated herb. Andean I, Coastal: grasslands, rocky slopes. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Horton 10211 (F!)
Departments: Arequipa, Lima.


$


 Zeugites americana var.mexicana (Kunth) McVaugh



Zeugites americana var. mexicana (Kunth) McVaugh

Synonyms: Zeugites americana mexicana (Kunth) Hitchc., Zeugites americana mexicana (Kunth) Trin. ex Steud., Zeugites americana mexicana Kunth
Reference: McVaugh, R., 1983: 413. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean II: cloud forests, disturbed areas. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Smith 4143 (MO!)
Departments: Cuzco, Pasco.


$


 Zeugites americana Willd.



Zeugites americana Willd.

$


 Zeugites mexicana (Kunth) Trin. ex Steud.


Zeugites mexicana (Kunth) Trin. ex Steud. = Zeugites americana var. mexicana (Kunth) McVaugh

Reference: FP 719: 142; McVaugh, R., 1983: 413. 


$


 Zexmenia mikanioides (Britton) S.F. Blake


Zexmenia mikanioides (Britton) S.F. Blake = Oblivia mikanioides (Britton) Strother

$


 Zexmenia wedelioides Klatt


Zexmenia wedelioides Klatt = Oyedaea wedelioides (Klatt) S.F. Blake

Reference: Blake, S. F., 1921: 414. 


$


 Zinnia elegans Jacq.



Zinnia elegans Jacq.

Reference: Torres, A. M., 1963: 15. 
Ecology. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Williams 4062 (F!)
Departments: Amazonas, Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Zinnia multiflora L.


Zinnia multiflora L. = Zinnia peruviana (L.) L.

Reference: Torres, A. M., 1963: 12. 


$


 Zinnia pauciflora L.


Zinnia pauciflora L. = Zinnia peruviana (L.) L.

Reference: Torres, A. M., 1963: 12. 


$


 Zinnia peruviana (L.) L.



Zinnia peruviana (L.) L.

Synonyms: Zinnia peruviana L., Zinnia peruviana L., Zinnia peruviana L.
Reference: Torres, A. M., 1963: 12. 
Ecology. 0-3500 m. 
Voucher: Jussieu 9416* (P-JU), Sag&aacute;stegui 9244 (F!)
Departments: Ancash, Apur&iacute;mac, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Lambayeque, Lima, Moquegua, Piura.


$


 Zinowiewia australis Lundell



Zinowiewia australis Lundell

Reference: Lundell, C., 1938: 469. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean I: forests. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Smith 5178 (MO!)
Departments: Pasco.


$


 Ziziphus cinnamomum Triana & Planch.



Ziziphus cinnamomum Triana & Planch.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1299: 393; Suessenguth, K., 1953: 127. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Ziziphus mistol Griseb.



Ziziphus mistol Griseb.

Synonyms: Ziziphus mistol Pilg.
Reference: Tortosa, R. D. & L. Cusato, 1991: 168. 
Ecology. 1500-3000 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 5920 (F)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac.


$


 Ziziphus peruviana Lam.


Ziziphus peruviana Lam. = Maytenus octogona (L'H&eacute;r.) DC.

Reference: FP 687: 266. 


$


 Ziziphus piurensis Pilg.



Ziziphus piurensis Pilg.

Reference: Flora Peru: 1299: 394; Suessenguth, K., 1953: 129. 
Ecology. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Weberbauer 5962* (B), Maekawa s.n. (MO!)
Departments: Piura, Tumbes.


$


 Ziziphus thyrsiflora Benth.



Ziziphus thyrsiflora Benth.

Reference: Suessenguth, K., 1953: 129. 
Ecology: Native shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Gentry & D&iacute;az 58194 (MO!)
Departments: Apur&iacute;mac.


$


 Ziziphus weberbaueri Pilg.


Ziziphus weberbaueri Pilg. = Ziziphus mistol Griseb.

Reference: FP 1299: 394; Tortosa, R. D. & L. Cusato, 1991: 168. 


$


 Zootrophion atropurpureum (Lindl.) Luer



Zootrophion atropurpureum (Lindl.) Luer

Synonyms: Zootrophion atropurpureum Lindl.
Reference: Luer, C. A., 1982: 80; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. . 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Zootrophion dayanum (Rchb. f.) Luer



Zootrophion dayanum (Rchb. f.) Luer

Synonyms: Zootrophion dayanum (Rchb. f.) Rolfe, Zootrophion dayanum Rchb. f.
Reference: Luer, C. A., 1982: 82; Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. . 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Zootrophion oblongifolium (Rolfe) Luer



Zootrophion oblongifolium (Rolfe) Luer

Synonyms: Zootrophion oblongifolium Rolfe
Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. . 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Zornia curvata Mohlenbr.



Zornia curvata Mohlenbr.

Reference: Mohlenbrock, R. H., 1961: 132. 
Ecology: Native herb. Andean I: disturbed areas. 1000-1500 m. 
Voucher: Wasshausen & Encarnaci&oacute;n 755 (MO!, USM!)
Departments: Cuzco, Jun&iacute;n.


$


 Zornia diphylla (L.) Pers.



Zornia diphylla (L.) Pers.

Synonyms: Zornia diphylla L.
Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 413; Mohlenbrock, R. H., 1961: 67. 
Ecology: Introduced herb. Andean I: disturbed areas. 500-1000 m. 
Voucher: Ferreyra 17883 (USM!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Zornia latifolia Smith



Zornia latifolia Smith

Reference: Mohlenbrock, R. H., 1961: 104; Lewis, G. P., 1987: 303. 
Ecology: Native herb. Amazonian: disturbed areas. 0-500 m. 
Note: Treated as a synonym of Z. sericea Moricand by Mohlenbrock (1961). 
Voucher: Gentry & Aronson 25753 (MO!)
Departments: San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Zornia piurensis Mohlenbr.



Zornia piurensis Mohlenbr.

Reference: Mohlenbrock, R. H., 1961: 132. 
Ecology: Endemic herb. Coastal: shrublands. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Stork 11375* (MO!), Weberbauer 7103 (F)
Departments: Lambayeque, Piura.


$


 Zschokkea arborescens M&uuml;ll. Arg.


Zschokkea arborescens M&uuml;ll. Arg. = Lacmellea arborescens (M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Markgr.

Reference: FP 1343: 369. 
Note: NN  


$


 Zschokkea floribunda (Poepp.) M&uuml;ll. Arg.


Zschokkea floribunda (Poepp.) M&uuml;ll. Arg. = Lacmellea floribunda (Poepp.) Benth.

Reference: FP 1343: 370. 


$


 Zschokkea foxii Stapf


Zschokkea foxii Stapf = Lacmellea foxii (Stapf) Markgr.

Reference: FP 1343: 371. 
Note: NN  


$


 Zschokkea lactescens Kuhlmann


Zschokkea lactescens Kuhlmann = Lacmellea lactescens (Kuhlmann) Markgr.

Reference: FP 1343: 372. 


$


 Zschokkea peruviana Van Heurck & M&uuml;ll. Arg.


Zschokkea peruviana Van Heurck & M&uuml;ll. Arg. = Lacmellea peruviana (Van Heurck & M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Markgr.

Reference: FP 1343: 369. 


$


 Zschokkea ramosissima M&uuml;ll. Arg.


Zschokkea ramosissima M&uuml;ll. Arg. = Lacmellea ramosissima (M&uuml;ll. Arg.) Markgr.

Reference: FP 1343: 372. 
Note: NN  


$


 Zygalchemilla pinnata (Ruiz & Pav.) Rydb.


Zygalchemilla pinnata (Ruiz & Pav.) Rydb. = Alchemilla pinnata Ruiz & Pav.

Reference: FP 635: 1113. 


$


 Zygia cauliflora (Willd.) Killip ex Record



Zygia cauliflora (Willd.) Killip ex Record

Synonyms: Zygia cauliflora (Willd.) Mart., Zygia cauliflora (Willd.) Poir., Zygia cauliflora Willd.
Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 52; Lewis, G. P., 1987: 180. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Croat 20371 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Zygia coccinea (G. Don) L. Rico



Zygia coccinea (G. Don) L. Rico

Synonyms: Zygia coccinea (G. Don) Benth., Zygia coccinea G. Don
Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 53; Rico-Arce, M. de L., 1991: 496. 
Ecology: Native tree. Andean I-II: forests. 500-2000 m. 
Voucher: Ruiz & Pav&oacute;n s.n.* (MA), Schunke 5704 (MO!)
Departments: Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Ucayali.


$


 Zygia divaricata (Benth.) Pittier



Zygia divaricata (Benth.) Pittier

Synonyms: Zygia divaricata Benth.
Reference: Rico, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Revilla 680 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Zygia dulcis (Roxb.) Lyons


Zygia dulcis (Roxb.) Lyons = Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth.

Reference: Rico-Arce, M. de L., 1991: 518. 


$


 Zygia glomerata (DC.) Pittier



Zygia glomerata (DC.) Pittier

Synonyms: Zygia glomerata (DC.) Benth., Zygia glomerata DC.
Reference: Lewis, G. P. & P. E. Owen, 1989: 47. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Rimachi 2306 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Zygia guinetii L. Rico



Zygia guinetii L. Rico

Reference: Rico-Arce, M. de L., 1991: 500. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez et al. 5373* (MO!), Williams 727 (F)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Zygia huberi (Ducke) L. Rico



Zygia huberi (Ducke) L. Rico

Synonyms: Zygia huberi Ducke
Reference: Rico-Arce, M. de L., 1991: 501. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Croat 19007 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Zygia inaequalis (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Pittier



Zygia inaequalis (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Pittier

Synonyms: Zygia inaequalis (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Benth., Zygia inaequalis (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Poir., Zygia inaequalis Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.
Reference: Rico, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ayala et al. 3354 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios.


$


 Zygia juruana (Harms) L. Rico



Zygia juruana (Harms) L. Rico

Synonyms: Zygia juruana Harms
Reference: Rico-Arce, M. de L., 1991: 501. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez et al. 3393 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Zygia latifolia (L.) Fawc. & Rendle



Zygia latifolia (L.) Fawc. & Rendle

Synonyms: Zygia latifolia (L.) Benth., Zygia latifolia (L.) Griseb., Zygia latifolia (L.) Willd., Zygia latifolia L.
Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 57; Rico-Arce, M. de L., 1991: 495. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: disturbed areas, forests, riversides, seasonally inundated areas, swamps. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 3725 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Zygia longifolia (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Britton & Rose



Zygia longifolia (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Britton & Rose

Synonyms: Zygia longifolia (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Standl., Zygia longifolia Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.
Reference: Flora Peru: 21: 58; Rico, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I: disturbed areas, forests, riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-1500 m. 
Voucher: Smith et al. 1988 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cajamarca, Hu&aacute;nuco, Jun&iacute;n, Loreto, Pasco, Piura, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Zygia macbridei (C. Barbosa) L. Rico



Zygia macbridei (C. Barbosa) L. Rico

Synonyms: Zygia macbridei C. Barbosa
Reference: Rico-Arce, M. de L., 1991: 501. 
Ecology: Native tree. Amazonian: forests, forests on white sand, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Klug 572* (F), Spichiger & Encarnaci&oacute;n 1100 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto, San Mart&iacute;n.


$


 Zygia macrophylla (Spruce ex Benth.) L. Rico



Zygia macrophylla (Spruce ex Benth.) L. Rico

Synonyms: Zygia macrophylla Spruce ex Benth., Zygia macrophylla Standl.
Reference: Rico-Arce, M. de L., 1991: 501. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian, Andean I-II: cloud forests, disturbed areas, forests, seasonally inundated areas. 0-2000 m. 
Voucher: Spruce 4112* (K), Woytkowski 43 (LA!)
Departments: Amazonas, Cuzco, Hu&aacute;nuco, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Pasco, San Mart&iacute;n, Ucayali.


$


 Zygia megistocarpa (C. Barbosa) L. Rico



Zygia megistocarpa (C. Barbosa) L. Rico

Synonyms: Zygia megistocarpa C. Barbosa
Reference: Rico-Arce, M. de L., 1991: 502. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Ancuash 1211* (MO!), Berlin 1589 (MO!)
Departments: Amazonas.


$


 Zygia oriunda (J.F. Macbr.) L. Rico



Zygia oriunda (J.F. Macbr.) L. Rico

Synonyms: Zygia oriunda J.F. Macbr.
Reference: Rico-Arce, M. de L., 1991: 504. 
Ecology: Endemic tree. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Note: Known from Peru only from the type locality.   
Voucher: Killip & Smith 28273* (F)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Zygia saman (Jacq.) Lyons


Zygia saman (Jacq.) Lyons = Albizia saman (Jacq.) F. Muell.

Reference: Rico-Arce, M. de L., 1991: 520. 


$


 Zygia unifoliolata (Benth.) Pittier



Zygia unifoliolata (Benth.) Pittier

Synonyms: Zygia unifoliolata Benth.
Reference: Rico, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native shrub, tree. Amazonian: riversides, seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez & Jaramillo 10342 (MO!)
Departments: Loreto.


$


 Zygia vasquezii L. Rico



Zygia vasquezii L. Rico

Reference: Rico-Arce, M. de L., 1991: 506. 
Ecology: Endemic shrub. Amazonian: forests. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: V&aacute;squez 4982* (MO!), Rauh & Hirsch P1596 (NY)
Departments: Madre de Dios, Ucayali.


$


 Zygopetalon mackaii Paxton


Zygopetalon mackaii Paxton = Zygopetalum maculatum (H.B.K.) Garay

Reference: FP 1473: 656; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Zygopetalum acuminatum C. Schweinf.


Zygopetalum acuminatum C. Schweinf. = Galeottia acuminata (C. Schweinf.) Dressler & Christenson

Reference: FP 1473: 655; Christenson, E. A., 1988: 221; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Zygopetalum amazonicum (Rchb. f. & Warsz.) Rchb. f.


Zygopetalum amazonicum (Rchb. f. & Warsz.) Rchb. f. = Cochleanthes amazonica (Rchb. f. & Warsz.) R.E. Schult. & Garay

Reference: FP 1473: 655; Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 30. 


$


 Zygopetalum bicallosum Rchb. f.


Zygopetalum bicallosum Rchb. f. = Maxillaria bicallosa (Rchb. f.) Garay

Reference: Garay, L. A., 1962: 527; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Zygopetalum bolivianum Schltr.


Zygopetalum bolivianum Schltr. = Zygopetalum maculatum (H.B.K.) Garay

Reference: FP 1473: 656; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Zygopetalum brachystalix Rchb. f.


Zygopetalum brachystalix Rchb. f. = Otostylis lepida (Linden & Reichenbach f.) Schltr.

Reference: FP 1510: 56; Romero, pers. comm.. 


$


 Zygopetalum burkei Rchb. f.


Zygopetalum burkei Rchb. f. = Galeottia burkei (Rchb. f.) Dressler & Christenson

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Zygopetalum chloranthum Kraenzl.


Zygopetalum chloranthum Kraenzl. = Batemannia armillata Rchb. f.

Reference: Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 10. 


$


 Zygopetalum ciliatum Morel


Zygopetalum ciliatum Morel = Galeottia ciliata (Morel) Dressler & Christenson

Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Zygopetalum flaveolum Linden & Reichenbach f. ex Reichenbach f.


Zygopetalum flaveolum Linden & Reichenbach f. ex Reichenbach f. = Chondrorhyncha fimbriata (Linden & Reichenbach f.) Rchb. f.

Reference: FP 1510: 59; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Zygopetalum intermedium Loddiges ex Lindl.


Zygopetalum intermedium Loddiges ex Lindl. = Zygopetalum maculatum (H.B.K.) Garay

Reference: FP 1473: 656; Dodson, pers. comm.. 


$


 Zygopetalum intermedium var. peruvianum Rolfe


Zygopetalum intermedium var. peruvianum Rolfe = Zygopetalum maculatum (H.B.K.) Garay

Reference: FP 1473: 656; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Zygopetalum klugii C. Schweinf.


Zygopetalum klugii C. Schweinf. = Chaubardia klugii (C. Schweinf.) Garay

Reference: FP 1473: 658; Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 24. 


$


 Zygopetalum lindeniae Rolfe


Zygopetalum lindeniae Rolfe = Zygosepalum lindeniae (Rolfe) Garay & Dunst.

$


 Zygopetalum lindenii Rolfe


Zygopetalum lindenii Rolfe = Cochleanthes amazonica (Rchb. f. & Warsz.) R.E. Schult. & Garay

Reference: FP 1473: 655; Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 30. 


$


 Zygopetalum mackayi var. intermedium Mutel


Zygopetalum mackayi var. intermedium Mutel = Zygopetalum maculatum (H.B.K.) Garay

Reference: FP 1473: 656; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Zygopetalum maculatum (H.B.K.) Garay



Zygopetalum maculatum (H.B.K.) Garay

Synonyms: Zygopetalum maculatum (H.B.K.) Lindl., Zygopetalum maculatum (Kunth) Sprengel, Zygopetalum maculatum Kunth, Zygopetalum maculatum Lindl., Zygopetalum maculatum Loddiges ex Lindl., Zygopetalum maculatum Mutel, Zygopetalum maculatum Paxton, Zygopetalum maculatum Rolfe, Zygopetalum maculatum Schltr.
Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native herb. . 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   


$


 Zygopetalum mystacinum Rchb. f.


Zygopetalum mystacinum Rchb. f. = Kefersteinia mystacina Rchb. f.

Reference: Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 84. 


$


 Zygopetalum prainianum Rolfe


Zygopetalum prainianum Rolfe = Galeottia prainiana (Rolfe) Dressler & Christenson

Reference: FP 1473: 658; Christenson, pers. comm.; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Zygopetalum rhombilabium C. Schweinf.


Zygopetalum rhombilabium C. Schweinf. = Chaubardia heteroclita (Poepp. & Endl.) Dodson & Bennett

Reference: FP 1473: 660; Dodson, C. H., 1992: xx. 


$


 Zygopetalum sanguinolentum Rchb. f.


Zygopetalum sanguinolentum Rchb. f. = Kefersteinia sanguinolenta Rchb. f.

Reference: Dodson, C. H. & D. E. Bennett Jr., 1989: 87. 


$


 Zygophyllum retama Gillies ex Hooker & Arnott


Zygophyllum retama Gillies ex Hooker & Arnott = Bulnesia retama (Gillies ex Hooker & Arnott) Griseb.

Reference: FP 653: 652; Palacios, R. A. & J. H. Hunziker, 1984: 308. 


$


 Zygosepalum fimbriatum (Linden & Reichenbach f.) Garay



Zygosepalum fimbriatum (Linden & Reichenbach f.) Garay

Synonyms: Zygosepalum fimbriatum Linden & Reichenbach f.
Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Note: Not reconfirmed.   Christenson (pers. comm.) considers this a synonym of Galeottia fimbriata (Linden & Reichenbach) Dressler & Christenson. 


$


 Zygosepalum lindeniae (Rolfe) Garay & Dunst.



Zygosepalum lindeniae (Rolfe) Garay & Dunst.

Synonyms: Zygosepalum lindeniae Rolfe
Reference: Dodson, pers. comm.. 
Ecology: Native epiphytic herb. Amazonian: seasonally inundated areas. 0-500 m. 
Voucher: Pastorelli illus.  


